i/Jir^dstAjtord
By
5:) OS
CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
THE
WORDSWORTH COLLECTION
FOUNDED BY
CYNTHIA MORGAN ST. JOHN
THE GIFTOF
VICTOR EMANUEL
OF THE CLASS OF I919
V4
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY
IN KENDAL
O Reader ! had you in your mind
Such stores as silent thought can brin^
O gentle Reader ! you will find
A tale in everything.
-U'ordsii'orth
Cornell University
Library
The original of tiiis book is in
tine Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924104090679
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL.
FACE TITLE.
The Older Nonconformity
in Kendal
A history of the
Unitarian Chapel in the Market Place
with transcripts of the registers and
Notices of the Nonconformist Academies
of Richard Frankland, M.A.,
and Caleb Rotheram, D.D.
By
FRANCIS NICHOLSON
and
ERNEST AXON
KENDAL, TITUS WILSON
1915
^f
-<
TITUS WILSON, PRINTER, KENDAL
PREFACE.
TN this book is given the history of the older noncon-
^ formity in Kendal so far as it relates to the
Congregation of Protestant Dissenters, the Nonconformist
Academies and the Unitarian Baptists. Except incident-
ally it does not deal with the Friends, the oldest noncon-
formists in the town, nor with the Trinitarian Noncon-
formist Churches established after the middle of the i8th
century.
The Congregation of Protestant Dissenters was appar-
ently of lay origin as the Presbyterian Vicar conformed
in 1662 and so deprived the local Nonconformists of
clerical leadership. The lay Presbyterians and Inde-
pendents held meetings for worship as opportunity
offered during the Persecution period. Shortly before
the Act of Toleration the Nonconformists of both sections
seem to have united and got a settled minister.
Shortly after Toleration there is evidence of the
existence of a meeting house, which in 1720 was super-
seded by the present Chapel.
Doubtless Calvinistic in the 17th century the Congre-
gation had, by the time the present chapel was built,
so far departed from old theological standards that they
enforced no theological tests on either ministers or
members. The doctrinal development of the Congre-
gation has been that of many other old congregations.
Trinitarian Calvinistic Presbyterianism was followed by
Arianism, and Arianism by Unitarianism, the changes
VI. PREFACE.
being made without any violent disruptions.
Early in the 19th century a new and vigorous strain
of Unitarianism was brought into the older Congregation
by the incorporation of the Unitarian Baptists.
As the seat of two famous Nonconformist Academies
Kendal had, for Nonconformists of the late 17th century
and the second quarter of the i8th century, the status
of a university town. At the Academies conducted by
Frankland and Rotheram Nonconformist ministers and
laymen received an education little if at all inferior
to that given contemporaneously in the English univers-
ities from which at that time they were excluded.
Ten years ago I read before the Cumberland and
Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society a
short paper on " Kendal Chapel and its Registers," from
which the present book has developed. In 1908 the bulk
of the work was written, but pressure of business and,
it must be added, the fascination of research, have pre-
vented its earlier publication. To the draft of 1908 much
has been added and from it much has been deducted, for
it included some documents which have since been
printed by others, and a chapter on the Kaber Rigg Plot,
1663, which I contributed to the Transactions of the
Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeol-
ogical Society, was originally intended to be a chapter
of this work.
My thanks are due to my colleague and also to the
many friends for assistance acknowledged in the text and
footnotes.
FRANCIS NICHOLSON.
The Knoll,
Windermere.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Preface v.
List of Illustrations ix.
I. — The Commonwealth and Earlier . . . . i
II. — Kendal Clergy during the Commonwealth 36
III. — William Brownsword, M.A., Vicar of
Kendal . . . . . . . . . 65
IV. — The Act of Uniformity, 1662 . . . . 80
V. — Persecution and Indulgence, 1662-1672 . . 86
VI. — ^Thomas Whitehead, M.A., and George
Benson, Licensed Teachers, 1672 . . loi
VII. — Richard Frankland, M.A., Early Life and
Ejection . . . . . . . . 113
VIII. — Frankland's Academy : Rathmell and
Natland . . . . . . . . . . 122
IX. — Frankland's Academy : Student-life and
Course of Study . . . . . 128
X. — Richard Frankland, M.A. : Ordinations
and Persecution . . . . . . 142
XL — Frankland's Academy : Difficulties and
Migrations . . . . . . . . 153
XII. — Frankland's Academy : Toleration and
Persecution . . . , . 159
XIII. — Richard Frankland and the " Surey
Demoniack " . . . . . . . . 175
XIV. — Frankland as Author . . . . . . 180
XV.— Frankland's Death, Will and Family . . 188
XVI. — Frankland's Character and Portrait . . 196
XVII. — John Issot . . . . . . . . 199
XVIII. — Persecution Renewed . . . . . 201
XIX. — James Hulme, died 1688 . . . . . . 223
XX. — Legal Toleration, 1689 . . . . . . 227
XXI. — Mr. Dearneley to Mr. Thorneley, 1690-1700 231
XXII. — ^William Pendlebury, 1701-1706 . . . . 238
XXIIL— Samuel Audland, 1709-1714 .. .. 249
XXIV. — Was Kendal Chapel " originally ortho-
dox " ? , . . . . . . . . . 262
CONTENTS.
XXV.-
XXVI.-
XXVIL-
XXVIII.-
XXIX.-
XXX.-
XXXL-
XXXII.-
XXXIII.-
XXXIV.-
XXXV.
XXXVI.
XXXVIL—
XXXVIII.
XXXIX.
■Caleb Rotheram, D.D., 1716-1752
Dr. Rotheram's Academy, 1733-1752
•Supplies, 1 752- 1 754
■Caleb Rotheram, the Younger, 1754- 1796
■John Harrison, 1 796-1833
■James Kay and the Unitarian Baptists .
-Edward Hawkes, M.A., 1833-1866
-Recent History
-Crook and Stainton Chapels
-The Registers of Baptisms and Burials of
the Market Place Chapel and of Births
of the Unitarian Baptist Congregation
-Monumental Inscriptions . .
-Lists of Subscribers and Seat-holders,
1720; Chapel Wardens, 1789-1815 ;
and Clerks
Trustees of the Chapel and Market Place
Property, i 719-1868
List of Frankland's Pupils
Dr. Rotheram's Pupils
Errata and Corrigenda
Index
PAGE
292
334
366
395
402
428
438
446
495
499
507
532
613
635
636
IX.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Market Place Chapel
The Humble Petition of 1642 . .
Facsimile of the title page from the original in the
possession of F. Nicholson
Richard Frankland, M.A.
From the original portrait, perhaps by Thomas
Sanderson {see p. 198), now in Dr. Williams's
Library
Robert Whitaker's Autograph and " Tables '
From the original MS. in the possession of W
Ridley Richardson, Esq., M.A.
Oxenholme
Oxenholme, Staircase
Dawson Fold in Crosthwaite
Hartbarrow
Rathmell : Dated stone . .
Richard Frankland's Autograph
From the original letter in the possession of Thomas
Brayshaw, Esq., of Settle
Frankland Memorial in Giggleswick Church . .
Pew ends from the first Chapel, and old Communion
Cups
Now in the vestry of the Market Place Chapel
Moss Side in Crosthwaite
Market Place Chapel, Rear view
Prizett
Dr. Rotheram's Autograph
Edward Blackstock's Autograph
Market Place Chapel, Entrance and Old Parsonage . .
Rev. John Harrison
From the silhouette in the Chapel
PAGE
Frontispiece
face 4
113
131
151
151
153
155
156
157
159
181
190
231
232
298
309
322
322
350
366
ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Rev. Edward Hawkes, M.A.
From a lithographed portrait in the possession of
] . E. Hawkes, Esq.
Market Place Chapel, Interior . .
Stainton Chapel, Rear view
„ Interior
,, Old Pew Ends
The Gravestone of " The Wanderer '
Myles Harrison, Recorder of Kendal
From the portrait, by Romney, in the Kendal Town
Hall
James Ainslie, M.D.
Reproduced by permission of the Bradford Art
Gallery Committee from the painting by Romney
in the Cartwright Memorial Hall
John Thomson, M.D.
From the original portrait, by R. Leslie, R.A.,
in the Kendal Town Hall
Robert Gawthrop
From the original silhouette in the possession of
F. Nicholson
Roger Anderton's Autograph . .
PAGE
face 402
face 434
438
443
444
496
510
515
517
520
562
I.
The Commonwealth and Earlier.
NONCONFORMITY was no mere creation of the Act
of Uniformity of 1662, although that Act was its
technical beginning. Nonconformity was in truth, the
outcome of a century's conflict, within the Church of
England, between two schemes of church government
(Episcopalian and Presbyterian), and in its modern
developments represents the victory of a third scheme
of church government (the Independent).
When King Henry VIII. reformed the Church of
England he dealt tenderly with doctrines and practices
inherited from the Roman Church and severely with
endowments left by Romanists for pious purposes.
Amongst the things left unchanged was the system of
church government, and so episcopacv remained the
rule in England. The English reformers were at no
loss to prove from the Scriptures and elsewhere that
a hierarchy was in strict accordance with the practice
of the primitive church. Contemporary with Henry
VIII. was an obscure Frenchman, John Calvin by name,
who by the time he was 27 years of age had developed
an entirely different system of church government which
was also in strict accordance with the practice of the primi-
tive church. This system was Presbyterianism, and it was
adopted in many continental countries and in Scotland.
In England Presbyterianism met with little acceptance
until the return to England of the clergymen and others
who had fled to the Continent to avoid persecution under
Queen Mary. Many of the refugees returned convinced
Presbyterians, and in the Church of England their in-
fluence was directed against episcopacy. But they were
not the dominant party in the Church.
B
2 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Neither Episcopalians nor Presbyterians seem to have
thought of the possibiUty of a church existing apart
from the State. Both aimed at a national church, and
each approved of parochial organization and parochial
support.
A third sect, the Independents, insignificant at first,
did not beheve in a church of which the basis of member-
ship was birth on this or that side of a boundary line.
They also went back to the primitive church and found
their ideal — a church in which the only bond of union
was a common faith. In the nature of things the early
Christian church could not have been organized on a
parochial basis, and there can be no doubt that the Inde-
pendents came nearest in their system of church govern-
ment to that of the church as it existed before it became
important enough to be captured by the State.
There was, however, one great difficulty about Inde-
pendency. Its ministers had either to support themselves
or to depend on the contributions of the faithful, and
voluntary contributions were apt to be a poor substitute
for a fat living.*
During the Commonwealth some Independent ministers
compounded with their convictions by receiving the wages
and performing the duty of parochial clergy, and at the
same time acting as ministers of an Independent " gath-
ered " church of the elect. |
Independency, which implied separation from the
State Church, was but in its infancy until the Civil War.
* Occasionally, of course, the Independent minister had a rich congregation
and was supported generously. Edwards, in his Gangraena, makes envious
mention of some of these successful preachers.
t The first ministers of the Cockermouth Independent Church were all
parochial clergymen. It needed the experience of the years between 1662
and 1689 to demonstrate the possibility of a ministry supported entirely bv
voluntary contributions and to wean the dissenting ministry from belief in
an endowed and established church. After the Act of Toleration all the
older dissenting churches, whether nominally Presbyterian, Baptist or Inde-
pendent, adopted, in practice, the Independent principle of church support.
Later experience has shown that neither the Episcopalian system nor the
Presbyterian system is necessarily dependent on tithes and other national
and compulsory sources of revenue.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 3
The bulk of the members of the Puritan party were
Presbyterians, and even they were a comparatively small
section of the Church, which remained overwhelmingly
episcopalian. For a couple of generations prior to the
Civil War the Puritans had continued to grow within
the Church, though they were often persecuted. When
William Laud became a power in the Church the
persecution of the Puritans increased. Laud, by his
persecution of the Puritans roused the dormant " Protes-
tant " spirit of the nation and alienated the " moderate "
churchmen. The King and Strafford were performing
a similar work in the secular affairs of the kingdom,
and these three men brought about the Civil War, and
as the result of the Civil War came the Commonwealth,
the most glorious failure in English history. For the
Commonwealth was a failure. Nothing it did had
stability — and yet who shall say that after all the
Commonwealth was not the most glorious success in
English history. Its only fault was that it was before
its time. Like the French Revolution, it has exercised
a dominating influence in history.
The Long Parliament which met in November, 1640,
had a Puritan majority. In 1641 it spent much time in
discussing the abortive " Root and Branch " Bill, by
which the archbishops and bishops and other high dig-
nitaries of the church were to be abolished, and the
revenues of the various deans and chapters devoted to
the propagation of religion, in other words to increasing
the maintenance of the parochial clergy, who, under
the episcopal system, had suffered in order that scholars
and courtiers might have well paid offices with little
work attached. By the Root and Branch Bill lay com-
missioners were to be appointed to govern the church
and administer ecclesiastical justice, and five ministers
in each county were to be set aside for the purpose of
ordaining ministers. Nothing came of the scheme.
4 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
In the summer of 1642 war between King and Parlia-
ment was inevitable, and on August 22nd the King raised
his standard.
A petition from Kendal to Parliament immediately
before the commencement of hostilities illustrates the
share religious grievances had in strengthening the
Parliamentary side. The petition was presented to the
House of Commons on 6th August, 1642. The petitioners
placed religion in the fore-front, civil grievances and
Parliamentary privileges taking a very subsidiary position,
though, curiously enough, religion was not mentioned on
the title-page of the petition as published by order of
Parliament. Here is the petition : — *
To the Honorable, the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses of the
House of Commons now assembled in Parliament ; The humble
Petition of the Gentry, Ministers, and Commonalty of the Barony
of Kendall in the County- of Westmerland, who have subscribed
hereunto. In all humility sheweth. That we are very sensible
of our too great remisnesse, in rendring thanks for your unwearied
labours, and constant endeavours (to the hazard of your lives
and fortunes) for the generall good and safety of the whole King-
dom, And especially for your endeavours to preserve the true
reformed Protestant Religion without mixture or composition,
against those subtle Innovators that have long laboured to
hinder and caluminate [sic] the power and practise thereof,
evidenced by their wicked designes, in molesting, and suppressing
of many worthy, and powerfull Preachers, by Innovations in
Religion, and by casting unjust scandals and aspersions upon
the Zealous Professors thereof ; together with many other things
of maine importance, intended by you (as by Declarations and
Votes do appear unto us), for the glory of God, the advantage
of His Majestic, the honour of his Government, and the con-
tentment of all His Majesties well affected Subjects. And now
perceiving that by the subtle and cunning practises of some
evill affected Persons, (Enemies not onely to a thorough Reforma-
tion and the power of Religion but also to the honour of His
* It is referred to in Commons' Journals, ii., 706. The full text, which we
quote, is given in a small quarto tract of the title page of which we give a
facsimile. F. Nicholson possesses a copy of the tract.
11 v^ie Humble §
Ipetitioni
H O F T H E 13
^Gentry, MinifterssandCommo-f;
§"" naltyof the Barony of ^'^^'^■5/^^ in the County ^~
O r ^iis
^
fe
, VVeftmerland ,
^ Who have fubfcribcd hereunto. W^
* J WHEREIN
,%Tbey fet forth their readineffeto
^^ maintain and defend His Majcfties Royall Per-
^ fon, Honour, and Eftate, and according to M
^ their Proccflation, the power and priviledge ^
3»t of ParliamentSjthelawfuil Rights and m
^ Liberties of the Subject. tM
'^ _ _--— . ^ i^
^ ^. ey/figulfi, 1642. . j^^l^:
jti Ordered bythe Commons in Parliament, That Mafter Bay>ji jA\
i^ who delivered this Petition into the Houfe, return the <jl>
_;r C'iiiuryhearty thanks for their duty to His Majeftiej nd '^}.
^ good jiKclion to the Parliament. And it isforther Or- ^t-
- i-; dci - .■', That this Petition be forthwith Prinrcd. ':^.'
-?|e, H. Elfyi^e , CU r. P nrl. D . Com. ^4
ys Z'^'/'.''>^/,, i-rioted by /,.iV. and LFAor Ech'VardHnd'Mulszw^ 7j
;'^ • /oA»i-V^«c;^. Aaguft 8. 1642. %i
FACE P. 4.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 5
Majesties Government, the peace and welfare of the whole King-
dom, and to the poor distressed Protestants our Brethren in
Ireland) so happy a Reformation both in Church and in Common
wealth is much hindred ; discountenanced and opposed, to our
no lesse grief then amazement.
Your Petitioners therefore humbly pray this Honourable
Assembly, to continue and go on in your Godly and Christian
Resolutions, for a happy and thorough Reformation, such as
may chiefly tend to the honour of God, the greatnesse and pros-
perity of His Majestic, and the publique good of the Church and
Common-wealth ; And that the Authors and Fomentors of our
evills, may be brought to condigne punishment, the power and
priviledges of Parliaments, and the lawfuU Rights and Liberties
of the Subjects, vindicated and confirm'd And we according
to the duty of our Allegiance, shall be ready to maintain and
defend His Majesties Royall person, honour and estate and
according to our protestation, the power and priviledges of
Parliaments, the lawfull Rights and Liberties of the Subjects,
and every of your Persons, in what ever you shall do in the
lawfull pursuance of the same.
And shall ever pray, &c.
We the Subscribers of this Petition, do hereby authorize the
Transcriber hereof, to transcribe our names in a faire manner.*
The House of Commons appreciated the tone of this
petition and acknowledged it very graciously, as appears
by this extract from its Journals as given in the tract : —
Die Sabbathi : 6 Augusti. 1642.
THE humble Petition of the Gentry, Ministers, and Free-holders,
of the Barony of Kendall in the Countie of Westmerland was
this day read, and Master Bayns who had authority from that
Countrey to deliver it, was called in, and Master Speaker by the
Command of the House, told him that they had read this petition,
and found it full of duty to His Majestic and affection to the
Common-wealth, and especially at this time, and therefore he
is commanded to return the County hearty thanks, and that
this House will have speciall care of them : They have further
Ordered, that this Petition be forthwith printed
H. Elsynge : Cler. Pari. D. Com.
FINIS.
* The names are not given in tlie tract.
6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
A few months later, when the Civil War had begun,
Parliament again considered a matter relating to West-
morland, and on i8th November, 1642,* declared that
" they hold it a thing most fit, necessary and healthful
for the present state of this kingdom, and do accordingly
order " that the inhabitants of the northern counties
should " associate themselves, and mutually aid, succour,
and assist one another, by raising forces of horse and foot
. . . and by all other good ways and means whatso-
ever, to suppress and subdue the Popish and malignant
party in the said several counties." This was ostensibly
only a measure of self defence, Parliament " being cer-
tainly informed that the Papists and other malignant
and ill-affected Persons, Inhabitants in the Counties of
Yorke, Northumberland, Westmerland, Cumberland, Lan-
cashire, Cheshire, County Palatine of Duresme, and Town
and County of Newcastle, have entered into an Associa-
tion, and have raised, and daily do raise, great forces
both of horse and foot, to oppress and distress the well
affected subjects, and to aid and succour the Popish
and malignant Party in those Northern Parts, and in
particular those now in the City of Yorke."
We may look on this declaration as a broad hint to the
followers of the Parliament in the northern counties
that they would be expected to take their own defence
in their own hands. It suggests moreover that " Papists
and other malignant and ill-affected persons " (in more
polite English, the Royalists) were very strong in the
north.
The Royalist successes early in the war made it
necessary for the Parliament to obtain the assistance
of the Scots, which was only to be obtained at a price.
Part of the price was the adoption in England of Presby-
terianism, the Scots desiring the union of England and
Scotland in one form of kirk government, one confession
* Lords' Journals, v., 451.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. J
of faith, one catechism, and one directory for worship.
In 1643 the Assembly of Divines,* known, from its place
of meeting, as the Westminster Assembly, was called
into existence "to be consulted with by Parliament for
the settlement of the government and liturgy of the
Church of England." The Westminster Assembly, which
included a few laymen, was almost entirely Puritan and
overwhelmingly Presbyterian. Its first work of im-
portance was the preparation of the " Directory for
Worship." After some consideration by both Houses
of Parliament, the " Directory " was ordered to be
printed and circulated, and by an Act passed in March,
1644-5, it was " ordained by the Lords and Commons
assembled in Parliament . . . that the said Book of
Common Prayer, shall not remain, or be from henceforth
used in any Church, Chappel, or place of pubhque Wor-
ship, within the Kingdome of England, or Dominion of
Wales ; And that the Directory for publique Worship
herein set forth, shall be henceforth used, pursued and
observed, according to the true intent and meaning of
this Ordinance, in all Exercises of the Publique Worship
of God, in every Congregation, Church, Chappel, and
place of publique Worship within this kingdome of
England and Dominion of Wales. "|
It is very unlikely that this law was carried out to the
letter.
In July, 1645, the Assembly of Divines completed its
scheme of church government, which became law in the
following month.
The " Directory " and Presbyterian government have
disappeared, but other work of the Assembly lives to
this day for its " Confession of Faith," and its " Cate-
chism " and "Shorter Catechism" remain, in essentials,
* It may be mentioned that F. Nicholson is directly descended from the
Rev. Charles Herle, M.A., Prolocutor, that is Chairman, of the Assembly of
Divines.
t Scobell's Acts and Ordinances, 1658.
8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
the standards of faith of all the Calvinistic churches in
England, Scotland and the United States. There is no
doubt that the Assembly's " Catechism " represents the
faith of the bulk of the first generation of Nonconformists,
though even in their time Baxter's great influence was
on the side of a less rigidly Calvinistic interpretation of
the Christian faith. While Parliament and the West-
minster Assembly were together adopting measures for
placing the government of the church on a Presbyterian
basis, the Episcopalian clergy were gradually being
ejected from their benefices. Some were ejected as
" malignants," i.e., members of the Royalist party, and
others for their scandalous lives or for neglecting their
duties.* Having turned out malignant and scandalous
priests the Parliament replaced them by ministers who
were regarded as " godly " men. This process of ejection
and substitution seems scarcely to have touched West-
morland, at all events, in the early years of the Common-
wealth, f
The religious condition of the northern counties was
so serious that special and urgent measures were needed,
and Parliament found it necessary to make provision for
the supply of preaching ministers to those dark places
of the earth.
On 26th October, 1644, the House of Commons ordered
Sir Thomas Widdrington to bring in an " Ordinance
concerning religious and well-affected ministers to be
sent into the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland,"]:
and on 23rd April, 1645, an ordinance § was made by
Parliament " for the maintenance of some preaching
ministers, . . . out of the respective possessions of
* White's Century of Scandalous Priests and Walker's Sufferings of the
Clergy give two sides of the history of the suffering clergymen.
t The facts carefully collected by Mr. Nightingale (The Ejected of 1662) show
only eight sequestrations in the county, and several of these were of ministers
who had other livings.
% Commons' Journals, iii., 678.
§ Lords' Journals, vii., 332, 333.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 9
the Deans and Chapters of Yorke, Durham and Carhsle."
The ordinance, which does not directly concern Kendal
but has its bearing on the religious history of the county,
reads, " and it is further ordained . . . That one
godly, able and learned Divine, to be also approved of
by the Reverend Assembly of Divines, shah be sent
into the county of Westmerland, where he shall reside
and preach in the Town of Appleby, in the said County
of Westmerland ; and shall also have the Yearly Main-
tenance of One Hundred and Fifty Pounds, to be paid
yearly unto him, out of the possessions of the Dean and
Chapter of Carlisle, the same to be paid at two days
or times in the year . . . the first payment thereof
to begin from the 29th Day of September, 1644."
This Ordinance was amended on 19th December,
1645.* The original ordinance had made arrangements
for the payment of the preachers by the Commissioners
of Parliament residing at York ; or with the Army.
These officers no longer resided at York, or with the
Army " in which respects some doubts have been made
what persons shall pay the said monies." The Lords
and Commons therefore " for the clearing of that or any
other doubts that may arise to retard or hinder the said
payments, and for the further advancement and estab-
lishment of so good, pious and necessary a work in those
northern and remote counties, where there is so great
a want of able, learned and painful Preachers," ordered
that the payments should be made by the Standing
Committees of each county where the Deans' lands lay.
As we have mentioned, it was in July, 1645, that the
Assembly of Divines presented to Parliament its scheme
of church government. In August of the same year
was passed the first of several ordinances by which the
Church of England was organized on a Presbyterian
* Lords' Journals, viii., 50.
10 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
basis.* The intention was that each parish or church
should be governed by its minister and lay elders, equiva-
lent to the Kirk session in Scotland, a group of churches
geographically contiguous should form a Class or Classis
(equivalent to the Presbytery), each church sending
ministers and lay elders as representatives to the meeting
of the Classis, and that the several Classes in a county
should form a Synod and send representatives to the
Synod meeting. But though the Presbyterian system
was the law of the land from 1645 to 1660, it was put
completely into practice in very few counties, and West-
morland was not one of these counties.
A committee for each county was appointed to divide
the county into suitable classes. Subsequent proceedings,
so far as concerns Westmorland, are shown in the following
letter of loth March, 1645-6 : — f
Honorable Sir,
Wee received your Honours letter (dated the 22^ of September
last) the 3d of February last, Wherein is required of us, with
advise of Godly Ministers, to returne to your Honour such
Ministers and Elders as are thought fitt for the Presbiteriall way
of Government, (which wee much desire to be established) and
the severall Classes. After wee received your Honours letter to
that purpose, (though long after the date) wee speedily had a
meeting, and upon due consideration, nominated the Ministers and
Elders which wee thought fittest (as your Honour may conceive
by this inclosed) for the Presbiteriall imployment as is desired,
and have devided the County of Westmerland into two Classes.
Since the expediting of this your Honours direction ; Wee have
heard of an Ordinance of Parliament directing to the election
of such persons ; But as yet neither Order, nor Ordinance hath
come unto us ; Only your Honours letter, is our Warrant and
Instruction ; And accordingly wee make bould to send, (here
* The most valuable and detailed work on the ecclesiastical history of this
period is Dr. W. A. Shaw's History of the English Church, 1640-1663 (Longmans,
1900). Of it we have made much use.
t Tanner MSS., Ix., 532. The letter accompanied the list of the Classes,
but was overlooked by Dr. Shaw, who antedated the list by a few months
(English Church, ii., 8).
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. II
inclosed) the names both of Ministers and Elders, And if wee faile
in the ParHaments method in this prticular ; Wee shall wiUingly
(upon your Honours next direction) rectify any mistake for the
present and shalbe willing to submitt to your Honours and
ParUamentary directions Which we shall diuly expect that in
whatsoever wee have missed wee may amend it. Thus with our
Service recommended we remaine
Your Honours
Kendal, io° Marcij, 1645 Servants.
Ric. Prissoe, ]\Iaior.
Rich. Branthwaite. Tho: Sleddall.
Allan Gilpin. Ger: Benson.
Thorn: Sandes. Rowland Dawson.
John Archer. Edmond Guy.
Addressed : — •
For the Honourable
William Lenthall, Esquire,
Speaker of the Commons
House of Parliament
These.
Endorsed : —
10 Martij 1645.
From the Maior and
Committee at Kendall
with their Classes.
The lists of the suggested Classes are printed by Dr.
Shaw* and need not be reprinted here. The Committee
advised the division of the county into two Classes, one
for the Barony of Kendal, and the other for the " Bottome
of Westmerland," and suggested certain persons as
members of each Classis. The list they give shows how
impossible the establishment of Presbyterianism in the
county was at that time. Essential parts of a Classis
were the parish ministers and a large number of these
were men who were not Presb3/terians, and several were
aggressive Royalists. | In the Barony Classis, Mr.
* English Church, ii., 369.
t Four clergymen in the Barony are included in a list of sequestrated
Royalists dated 27th February, 1649-50, i.e., Henry Hutton, Thomas Bigg
of Heversham, George Buchanan of Kirkby Lonsdale, and Henry Wilson of
Grasmere. Cal. Com. Comp., i., 176.
12 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Johnson of Burton is described as " one who hath for-
merlie complyed with the enimie, but hath since taken
the Covenant, and the oath of the 5th of Aprill," Mr.
Moone of Beetham, was " a verie weake and unable
minister," Mr. Richard Archer of Windermere " lately-
come from the University of Oxford " was " a non-
covenanter and disaffected," and Mr. Henry Wilson of
Grasmere was " a notorious malignant and articled
against the Parliament." Only Mr. Henry Masy of
Kendal, Mr. Samuel Cole of Heversham, Mr. William
Cole of Kirkby Lonsdale, and Mr. Samuel Harrison of
Killington, have no disparaging remarks added to their
names, and were presumably men who could be depended
upon to support Presbyterianism. In the Classis for the
Bottom of Westmorland things were pretty much the
same. The Vicar of Brough, the parson of Musgrave, the
parson of Long Warton, and the parson of Cliburn are
each described as " a non-covenanter and disaffected,"
the parson of Asby was a pluralist, Mr. Robert Simpson
of Ormside and Bongate was a " non-covenanter and
a pluralist," the parson of Kirkby Thore was " a malignant
and pluralist lately come from the King's quarters," the
minister of Newbiggin was a " non-covenanter," the
ministers of Clifton, Morland and Askham " formerly
complyed with the enemy, but [had] since taken the
Covenant," and the minister of Appleby was a non-
covenanter. Eleven clergymen are not adversely com-
mented upon and were presumably Presbyterians, while
twelve were known opponents of Presbyterianism or
very doubtful supporters of that system.
Clearly there would have to be a very drastic clearing
out of " malignants " before there was a possibility of
the Presbyterian system having a chance.
In the suggestion of lay members of the Classes the
Committee had a freer hand, and it is probable that
practically all those nominated were men whose sym-
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. I3
pathies were with Presbyterianism and the Parhament.
The " elders " for the parish of Kendal were Mr. Nicholas
Fisher, Capt. Roger Bateman, Mr. Gervase Benson, Mr.
Allan Gilpin, Mr. John Archer, Mr. Thomas Sandes,
Wilham Bateman, Wilham Sheepherd, John Rowlandson,
and Myles Bateman, junior.
Nicholas Fisher of Stainbank Green was a barrister,
and after the Restoration a county magistrate. His
family had had a long connection with the Corporation
of Kendal.* Captain Roger Bateman was probably the
" Mr. Roger Bateman of Bleas in Old Hutton," who was
buried at the Parish Church early in December, 1681.
Gervase Benson, who is mentioned in a later chapter,
was a Colonel in the Parhamentary Army, Mayor of
Kendal in 1644-5, and afterwards a Friend, f Allan
Gilpin was Mayor of Kendal in 1646-7. John Archer
was Mayor in 1648-9, a candidate for Parhament in 1656,
and in his later years a friend to the local Nonconformists,
his name occurring several times in our narrative.;]: He
died in 1682. Thomas Sandes, Mayor in 1647-8, was the
founder of the Blue Coat School and Hospital, the deed
of foundation of which does not appear to be of a sectarian
nature.
Miles Bateman was the name of an early Friend, § but
whether the Friend was identical with Miles Bateman,
junior, of the Classis list, we cannot say.
William Sheepherd was probably one of that family
of Shepherd which remained connected with local dissent
for several generations.
John Rowlandson was probably the person of that
* Foster's Visitation Pedigrees of Cumberland and Westmorland, p. 48.
t At one time he was a magistrate, but was " put out for conscience' sake "
before 1659 (Cal. S.P. Dom., 1658-9, p. 360).
t During the Protectorate he was a magistrate, and as such committed
one Quaker to prison for disturbing Divine Service at Old Hutton Chapel
(Cal. "S.P. Dom., 1658-9, p. 164).
§ Perfect Pharisee, p. 30.
14 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
name who died 6th October, 1653, and was ancestor of
a family long connected with Bradleyfield.*
Edward Briggs, who is named as one of the Heversham
elders, was one of the early converts to Quakerism, but
did not long remain a Friend. In the Perfect Pharisee
(p. 7) he is mentioned as "an holy, humble Saint in
Westmerland, whom God was pleased to deliver out of
their [the Quakers'] snares, with which, for some time,
he was entangled." By Oliver Heywoodf Briggs is
described as "an old Kendal carrier, a good man, great
friend to ministers." He died 4th December, 1678, aged
64.
Evidence that the Elders, at any rate, were for the
most part favourable to Parliament is shewn by a com-
parison with other contemporary lists of local men who
served on bodies which acted as the local representatives
of Parliament in secular matters, i.e., the list of Com-
missioners appointed i6th February, 1647-8, under an
ordinance of the Lords and Commons for raising £20,000
a month for the relief of Ireland, J the list of the local
members of the committee to settle the Militia in the
northern counties, § appointed 8th July, 1648, and the
list of persons " made Judges to hear and determine the
causes " of persons under the Ordinance of 1653 for the
" Relief of Creditors and Poor Prisoners." || Nearly all
the names in these lists occur also in the Classes lists,
and from the three and the list of the Committee for
* Kendal Free Press, May, 1907, p. 2.
•j- None. Reg., p. 59.
J Lords' Journals, x., 58. The Westmorland commissioners were James
Bellingliam of Levens, Henry Laurence, Ricliard Salway, Henry Ireton,
Edward Wilson, Nicholas Fisher, Rowland Dawson, Allan Bellingham,
esquires, Roger Bateman, Richard Branthwait, Gervas Benson, James
Bellingham of Gathorn, Thomas Brathwait, John Cowel, William Knipe,
Joseph Booth, and Robert Stevenson, gentlemen.
§ Lords' Journals, x., 279. The Westmorland men were Edward Wilson,
Richard Branthwaite, Gervas Benson, Thomas Sandes, Captain Bateman,
and Captain Gardner.
y Scobell's Acts and Ordinances, 1658. The Westmorland judges were
John Archer, Jervas Benson, Roger Bateman, and William Garnet.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 15
Sequestrations might be constructed a fairly complete
list of the leading local supporters of the Parliament.
Dr. Shaw has found no evidence that a Classis ever
existed in Westmorland,* nor have we. There is some
evidence to the contrary. For instance, in May and
July, 1647, Cumberland and Westmorland ministers
was referred to the " next Classis in Lancashire " for
examination, f which would not have been necessary had
there been a Classis in Westmorland. Doubtless here,
as almost everywhere in the country, Presbyterianism
was not the form of church government favoured by a
majority of the people. It must also be remembered
that the Army, under Cromwell's leadership, was not
favourable to Presbyterianism, and indeed desired a
toleration of all varieties of religion, excepting, of course,
Roman Catholicism and Socinianism. Very soon after
the Parliament had decided in favour of Presbyterianism,
the Army and Cromwell became supreme in the State,
and Presbyterianism lost what chance it had had of
really becoming the established system in England.
Presbyterianism was intended to be a national system
and to include every person in the nation. In the nature
of things it was intolerant. On the other hand, the
Independents were tolerant. Nevertheless, the strength
of Presbyterianism prevented the establishment of Inde-
pendency as the national religion. Probably in that
event Independency would have forgotten its tolerance,
just as did the Independents in the American colonies.
While the dilatory committee at Kendal was evolving
its suggested Classes the Committee of the North was
pointing out the inconvenience caused by there being no
means for the ordination of ministers. In a report read
to the Westminster Assembly on 20th January, 1645,
the Committee reported " They want ministers in Cumber-
* English Church, ii., 33.
t Nightingale's Ejected, p. 503, 1132.
l6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
land and Westmorland. Two ministers appeared before
the committee yesterday, only they are not in orders.
They do not scruple orders, but would accept it if any
to ordain them. The Committee would not send them
down without orders, but desire to take this hint to send
a message to the House of Commons that they would set
up a way of ordination."* But the House of Commons
did not set up a way of ordination.
The certificate prepared in March, 1645-6, in response
to the Ordinance of 7th July, 1645, shows that a con-
siderable number of the clergy were " malignant " in
the eyes of the ruling powers. The fact seems to have
become known to Parliament before the certificate
arrived, as on i8th July, 1645, the House of Commonsf
ordered " that the Committee, which was appointed for
providing able and godly Ministers in the counties of
Yorke, Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne and
Bishoprick of Durham shall have like power to provide
and place able and godly ministers in the counties of
Cumberland and Westmerland." This Committee would
not be likely to look with favour on many of the parsons
in the Classes lists.
There can be no doubt that the type of religion favoured
by the Parliament was not very acceptable in the North,
else why should there be these special efforts for the
introduction of " godly " ministers? In secular matters
also Parliament seems to have been scarcely able to hold
its own in Westmorland, for in August, 1647, the local
Committee for Sequestrations was captured bodily and
imprisoned by a riotous mob. The unfortunate Committee
may be left to tell its own story : — J
To the Right Honourable the House of Peers in ParUament
assembled.
* Minutes of the Westminster Assembly. Ed. by Mitchell and Struthers,
p. 180.
t Commons' Journals, iv., 211.
X Lords' Journals, x., 42.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. I7
The Information and Certificate of the Committee for Seques-
trations, within the Barony of Kendall, and County of Westmer-
land May it please the Right Honourable House to be certified.
That, upon Tuesday, being the tenth day of August last,
Anthony Knipe, Miles Halhead, Alan Wilson, Christopher Gilpin,
George Mackereth, Thomas Lickbarrow, Stephen Jopson, Mr.
Henry Feild, and John Briggs, with many others to the number
of four hundred or thereabouts, all Inhabitants within the Barony
of Kendall aforesaid, did in a rebellious and riotous manner,
assemble themselves together within the said Barony, armed
with Muskets, Swords, Pikes, Hand guns, and other Instruments
of War, to the great terror and affrightment of all peaceable and
well-affected persons thereabouts ; and, being so assembled and
armed, did, in a most violent and furious manner, march together
to the town of Kendall, within the said County of Westmerland,
being the place where the said Committee of Parhament did
usually sit ; and, upon the Day following, being Wednesday,
the said Committee, or the most of them, being met and sitting
together, at the House of one Peter Huggon, in Kendall aforesaid,
and consulting how to discharge the Trust reposed in them by
the Right Honourable Houses of Parliament, and to do what
good Office they could for the Country, the aforesaid Persons,
with a great Number more, all armed, and many of them with
their Swords drawn. Matches lighted, and other Instruments
of War in their hands, did violently enter into the Chamber where
the said Committee were so sitting, and discharging their Duties ;
and apprehended Mr. Allan Gilpin, Mayor of Kendall aforesaid,
with the rest of the Committee there present, and, in most shame-
ful and disgraceful Manner, hawled and pulled them down, and
by Force carried them to the House of one Peter Sheppard in
the said town, a known Malignant, where they imprisoned the
said Committee, and set Guards upon them, till Thursday After-
noon then next following ; during which Time and after (they
continuing in Arms until the Sunday Morning next following)
they uttered many Menaces and Threats against the said Com-
mittee, declaring themselves both by their Words and Actions
to be opposite to any Parliamentary power ; as, by calling upon
all to their Assistance that (as they termed it) stood for God
and the King, appointing Captain Huddleston Phihpson, Leonard
Ayrey, Reginald Harrison, with others, who had all been formerly
in actual Arms against the Parliament, to be their Leaders and
Commanders ; And, to testify their further Malignity, they
seized upon the Magazine and Arms provided for the Parliaments
C
l8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Service and Defence of the said Barony, and disposed thereof at
their Pleasures ; and caused the Drums which they forced from
the Officers within the said Town, to beat up and down the
Town ; apprehended and imprisoned Mr. Henry Massey, Minister
of the said Town, a Man ever well-affected to the Parhament ;
opposed the Troop formerly raised within the said Barony by
Order of the Parliament, and imprisoned some of them ; with
divers other such like Words and Actions ; And it being demanded
of them, by the said Committee, " By what Authority they did
do such Things ? " They answered, " Their Swords were their
Commissions." Thus much we conceive ourselves bound in duty
to certify your Lordships ; leaving the Consideration of the
Premises to your most wise and grave Considerations ; not
doubting but, according to the Ordinance of Parliament, we
shall be protected from such desperate Attempts, by the Power
of Parliament, and the principal Authors and Actors of the
Premises shall receive such condign Punishment as others may
be deterred from attempting the like hereafter ; and the rather,
because we find our Proceedings ever since much obstructed,
the Delinquents (by their Encouragements) refusing to make
Payment of their Rents for the Lands and Grounds they farmed
of the said Committee, in manifest Contempt of the Orders and
Ordinances of Parliament in that Behalf. We remain
Your Honours and the Kingdom's Servants,
Tho. Sandes. Ric. Prissoe.
Edward Wilson. Miles Mann.
Tho. Sleddall. Allan Gilpin.
Rowland Dawson. Jo. Archer.
Ger. Benson.
Nothing seems to have happened to Knipe and his
fellow rowdies, the local authorities evidently being
afraid to take action. Six months later (nth February,
1647-8) the Committee laid its case before the House
of Lords in the petition just quoted. The Lords felt
unequal to dealing with it, and deferred its consideration
" until some of the Judges should be present."* On
February 29th, having presumably got the necessary
legal assistance, the Lords
♦ Lords' Journals, x., 40.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. I9
Upon reading again the Information and Certificate of the Com-
mittee for Sequestrations, within the Barony of Kendall and
County of Westmerland ; complaining of a great Riot there,
ordered, " That any one or more of the Justices of the Peace
of the County shall, according to Law, attach the bodies of
Anthony Knipe, Miles Halhead, Alan Wilson, Captain Huddleston
PhiUipson, Leonard Ayrey, and Reginald Harrison, and commit
them to the Gaol ; and in case any Resistance be, then the Sheriff
do assist, with the Power of the County, as also Major General
Lambert : And it is further ordered. That they shall be pro-
ceeded against at the next Assizes to be held for that County,
to be punished according to their offences, and according to Justice,
whereof this House expects a strict account, and that the Magazine
and Arms, which were taken away by the Parties aforesaid, or
any others, from the Committee in August last, shall be re-
delivered."
A Government whose local officers were liable to
insults of this kind, and dare not prosecute rioters without
waiting six months for the advice of head-quarters, was
scarcely likely to be able to enforce an unpopular Presby-
terian system in a county where Catholics, Churchmen
and Independents certainly combined, possibly separately,
far outnumbered the Presbyterians.*
In 1649 i^ was again found necessary to devise special
means for dealing with the four northern counties, the
committee appointed in July, 1645, having failed to do
the work for which it was appointed. On 20th December,
1649, the House of Commons appointed a Committee,
and on the 15th February, 1649-50, Sir Arthur Heselrige
was ordered to bring in a Bill for settling ministers in
the northern counties. The Bill " for the better propa-
gating and preaching of the Gospel of Jesus Christ in
the four Northern Counties and for the maintenance of
* After this episode the Parliament evidently thought the Westmorland
Committee for Sequestrations required strengthening, and accordingly added
to it six esquires and gentlemen, all of Lancashire. At the same time Parlia-
ment ordered that the first £4000 raised by the Committee out of the seques-
tered estates of Papists and delinquents should be paid to Col. Ralph Ashton
[Assheton], senior (another Lancashire man), for the payment of his troops
(Lords' Journals, x., 371).
20 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
godly and able ministers " * was accordingly introduced
on 22nd February, read the first and second time, and
committed to the same committee who brought in the
Act for Wales. On ist March the Committee's amend-
ments were read and assented to, and the Act passed
with a proviso that it was to be in force for three years
from that day. There is no copy of the Act in existence,!
but its substance was printed in one of the newspapers
of the dayj and is here quoted : —
I That Philip Lord Wharton, Edward Lord Howard, Sir Hen.
Vane senior, Sir Arthur Haslerigge, Sir Hen. Vane junior. Sir
Thomas Widrington, Sir John Fenwick, Sir Wilham Selby, Sir
George Vane, Wil. Armyne, George Fenwick, Tho. Heylerigge,
Wilham Vane, Francis Wren, James Clavering, Francis Hacker,
Francis Allen, Jervas Benson, Robert Lilburne, Rob. Hutton,
Tho. Fitch, Tho. Chulmley, Tho. Craister, Cuthburt Studholme,
Tho. Lampbugh, [Lamplugh] Tho. Langhorne, Edward Winter,
Wilham Mawson, Rob. Hutter [Hutton ?], John Staddard ; John
Crosthwayte, Paul Hobson, John Archer, Roger Bateman, Will.
Fenwick, Ralph Delavall, Tho. Middleton, Mich. Weldon, Will.
Shafto, Hen. Ogle, Luke Killingworth, Henry Housley, John
Ogle of Kirkley, Wil. Sedgwicke, John Middleton, Edward
Brigges, Richard Branthwaile [Branthwaite], Esquires, Tho.
Bonner, Hen. Warmouth, Hen. Dawson, Tho. Ledgard, Will.
Dawson of Newcastle Alderman, Rich. Crakenthorpe, Tho.
Delavals, bee constituted, and appointed Commissioners in the
Counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmerland, and
Duresme, to put the following powers and authorities in execution.
2 They or any five of them to receive all Articles or Charge
against any scandalous Ecclesiasticall person, having any place
in the said Counties, and to send for them by Warrant, to answer
the same.
3 That they appear within ten dayes after summons.
4 That after due Answers made by such as shall appear, the
* Commons' Journals, vi., 365, 370, 374.
t Shaw's English Church, ii., 226.
X Severall proceedings in Parliament from Thursday the 28 of February to
Thursday the 7 of March 1649. Licensed by the Clerke of the Parliament 6
Mar. 1649. Numb. 23 p. 311. This summary was apparently unknown to
Dr. Shaw, who assumed the substantial identity of the provisions of the Act
for the northern counties with that for Wales.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 21
Commissioners to proceed by examination of witnesses upon
Oath, the Examinations to be taken in writing : And after due
examination of witnesses, and what can be said by both parties
and all for them, and upon proofe made good against scandalous
Ministers to eject them.
5 If the said ejected person shall not acquiesse in the judge-
ment or determination of the said Commissioners or any five of
them. Then it shall be lawful to and for the said person, or party
so ejected, to appeale unto the Committee of Parliament for
plundered Ministers.
6 The aforesaid Commissioners to have power to allow the
wife and children of such Ministers so ejected, an annuity, not
exceeding one fift part of the profits of the Living, or place, all
charges being first deducted out of the whole.
7 If any Minister hold plurality of Livings, a Warrant to
be sent to him, to make his choyce which he will have, and
if he do not give in his choyce within forty dayes (except just
cause to the contrary) all his Right to such Benefices, &c. to be
utterly voyd.
8 That the said Commissioners, or any seven or more of them,
be inabled to grant Certificates by way of Approbation to such
person, or persons, as upon the Examination of his or their gifts,
shall be found fit to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the said
Counties, they calling to their assistance, three or more godly
able Ministers, of any of the said Counties, for the tryall of the
gifts of such persons as shall be approved, as well in setled con-
gregations and Parochiall Churches, as in an Itenerate Course,
as the said Commissioners shall adjudge to bee most for the
advancement of the Gospel, or for the keeping of Schooles, for
the education of children.
9 In order to the maintainence for Ministers in those Counties,
and Regulating thereof ; The said Commissioners to receive
and dispose of all the Rents, Issues, and Profits of all the Rectories,
Vicarages, Donatives etc. which now are, or hereafter shall be
under Sequestration.
10 Out of all the said Profits, the Commissioners, or any 12
or more of them, to order and appoint a constant yearly main-
tenance, for such as shall be recommended and approved, pro-
vided, that the yearly maintenance of a Minister doe not exceed
120I. And the yearly maintenance of a Schoole-master exceed
not 40 li.
11 If any Tenants of Lands, Duties &c. belonging to any
Parsonage, &c. shall refuse payment then the Commissioners,
22 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
or any two of them, to put in execution against them, the powers
setled by this Parliament in tlie Justices of Peace, for the reUef
of Ministers, from whom such Tenths &c. are detained.
12 The Commissioners to allow a moderate Sallary to persons
employed about receiving and disposall thereof.
13 Every person so setled by the Commissioners, or any 12
or more of them, to be seized of the same, as fully as if he had
been instituted and inducted according to any former Law of
the Land, any thing to the contrary notwithstanding.
14 The said Commissioners or any five of them to be a Com-
mittee of Indempnity, to hear and determine all Causes according
to the powers granted to the Committee of Parliament for In-
dempnity sitting at Westminster ; provided, that all persons
have liberty to make their appeales to the Committee of In-
dempnity sitting at Westminster.
15 All former powers in any Committee for placing Ministers
&c, in the said Counties to be nul.
16 That this Act be in force untill the first day of March,
which shall be in the year 1652, and no longer.
This Act is sufftcient to prove that there was no Classis
in any of the four counties, for otherwise there would
have been no need for many of its provisions. Some
records remain of the work of the Commissioners, which
probably do not represent fully the work they did.* The
Act was not renewed, and the functions of the Com-
missioners were undertaken by the Trustees for Main-
tenance of Ministers.!
In 1650 Parliament approved of the choice of Anthony
Preston to be Mayor of the burgh of Kirkby Kendall,
and resolved " that all such Aldermen and Burgesses of
the Borough of Kirkby Kendall, who have not subscribed
the Engagement, according to the Act of Parliament,
are discharged and disabled from executing the Place or
Ofhce of Alderman, Justice of Peace, or Burgess of the
said Town ; And that such of the Aldermen and Bur-
gesses as have subscribed the Engagement do proceed
* Shaw's English Church, ii., 473.
t Shaw's English Church, ii., 229.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 23
to the Election of new Burgesses for the said Town of
Kendall ... in the place of Persons so certified to
be Delinquents or non-subscribers."* The effect of this
resolution, though its motive was political, would be to
throw the government of the town entirely into the hands
of the Independents, for the " Engagement " was a
promise which Presbyterians and Episcopalians, who
were on the whole not republicans, could not make.j
In 1650 Parliamentary Commissioners made exhaustive
enquiries into the religious condition of each parish in
England. They reported on finances, advised the divi-
sion of large parishes and the union of small parishes,
and recorded their opinion of the character and capa-
bilities of the parson in charge. Whether by some
oversight the commissioners missed Kendal, we cannot
say, but it is unfortunately true that we have been
unable to find the record of their visit. J There never
having been either in Westmorland or in Cumberland any
Classes it was natural that these counties should be the
earliest to feel the disadvantages arising from a national
church having no system of government. Dr. Shaw§
says the " failure of State Presbytery had left two gaps
in the Church system of the time : — -
1. A want of means of ordination, for the Commissioners for
Approbation did not ordain, and tlie classes were in a state of
decay.
2. A want of such a modified discipline as would satisfy the
clerical conscience and enable them (the clergy) to administer
the Sacrament, whilst not harsh enough to alienate or repulse
the laity."
The same wants led to the same remedies being tried,
* Commons' Journals, vi., 481.
t Calamy's Abridgement, p. 62.
X The report should be in the Survey of Church Livings, Commonwealth
(P.R.O.), but though part of the county is there Kendal is not. The returns
on which the foregoing is based are in the Lambeth Library, but those relating
to Kendal are not to be found.
§ English Church, ii., 152.
24 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
and, independently of each other, voluntary associations
of ministers were formed in counties as far apart as
Worcestershire and Cumberland. In the former county
Richard Baxter, and in the latter Richard Gilpin were
the leaders. After Baxter had printed an account of
the Worcestershire Association the Cumberland Associa-
tion communicated with him in a long letter dated at
Penrith, September ist, 1653, signed by " Ri. Gilpin,
Pastor at Graystock, John Mackmihane, Pastor at Oden-
hall [Edenhall], Roger Baldwin, Minister of Penrith, John
Billingsley, Minister of Addingham, Elisha Bourne, Minis-
ter at Skelton, John Jackson, Pastor of Hutton, Thomas
Turner, Preacher of the Gospel."* From this letter we
made a few extracts ;—
I. We, before we had heard of your Book, had undertaken a
Work of the hke nature Several of us meeting together to consult
about managing the Lord's Work in our Hands, were convinced
that for Reformation of our People, more ought to be done by
us than bare Preaching, a brotherly Association of Ministers
appeared to be the likeliest course for the attainment of our
Desires, and acccwrdingly was resolved on : And because we
know that many of our Brethren in the Ministry differed from us,
we resolved to draw up several Proposals wherein we and they
by a mutual Condescention might agree as Brethren in Love and
Peace to carry on the same Work, and therefore required nothing
of them but what we proved by the Confessions of the Con-
gregational Brethren (their own Party) to be of less Moment,
and not of absolute Necessity, Wherein (we urged) they might
and ought to yield for the Churches Peace : But our Endeavours
to gain them were frustrated, they were so resolved that they
would not so much as read our Proposals and Reasons. We
therefore set about the Work our selves, and made some Progress
in it ; by this time we began to feel what we expected at the
first setting out, viz. the Rage and Mahce of wicked Men vented
in Railings and Slanders on the one hand, and bitter Censures
and Suspicions of the Brethren on the other. In the midst of
all this we received your Book as a seasonable Refreshment :
* Reliquiae Baxterianae, 1696, i., 162-164.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 2.5
Our Hands were much strengthened by it ; it was a great En-
couragement to us, to see that other godly and learned Men had
walked much what in the same steps, and had pleaded our Cause
almost by the same Arguments wherewith we endeavoured to
strengthen it. But 2. we are hereby quickened up to carry our
Design higher. Our Propositions for the Substance of them are
near the same with yours : we agree in a great part of your
Disciphne, our Rules of Admission are competent Knowledge,
Unblameableness of Conversation, and Assent to the Covenant
of Grace, the means to carry it on are, the People's Consent and
Association of Ministers ; and where we differ from you, 'tis not
because we differ in Opinion, but because our People (whose
Condition and Temper we were forced to set before us in framing
our Agreement) differ from yours. Hence our Examination of
the Peoples Knowledge is more general than yours, if we under-
stand you right in Prop. 19. Reg. 9. hence instead of your
Parish Assistants we are forced to make use of one anothers help
in private Examinations, and Determination of Fitness, as well
as in more publick Debates and Consultations : yet in two things
we come short of your Agreement : i. In that we have not as
yet propounded to our People your height of Discipline : though
we never thought secret and private Admonitions and Suspension
from the Sacrament such a Measure of Discipline wherein we
might comfortably satisfie our selves without farther Progress;
yet (our Hands being much weakened by our Brethrens refusal
to join with us, our People stubborn, and Suspension from the
Supper being a piece of Discipline that hath not been here prac-
tised till of late, and therefore a matter of greater Shame till
Custom shall make it more common) we resolved to propound
and Practise this first as an Essay to try what Success and Enter-
tainment a farther Discipline might find. For though the Fear
of Peoples flying off and separating is not by us looked upon
as a sufficient Discharge for the neglect and laying aside all
endeavours to reform : Yet we look upon it as a sufficient ground
of proceeding warily. 2. Though we always required Peoples
Consent to the Terms of the Covenant of Grace and Discipline,
yet have we not been so full in this as you. That which kept us
off was a fear of offending some of our Brethren, who being more
likely to hear of our Practice than of the Grounds and Reasons
of it, might easily mistake our meaning. But now the way of
Discipline being made more smooth both by what we have put
in Practice already and by what you have declared, we are en-
couraged in both these Respects to make a farther Addition to
our former Proposals.
26 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Some things there are wherein a farther ExpHcation of your
meaning would have been very grateful to us.
1 Whether the Infants of such as are suspended from the
Lord's Supper and of such as delay or refuse Consent to your
Discipline only from Dissatisfaction about the matter of its
Management are to be excluded from Baptism ?
2 Why you resolve to exercise your Discipline upon those
only which testifie their Consent, seeing you acknowledge your
present Parishes (before the exercise of this Discipline) true
particular Organized Churches of Christ ; if some of those whom
you accounted Members should fly off, why may they not be
Sharers in your Discipline, and upon their Refusal cast out,
rather than silently left out ?
3 Why. (if you limit your Publick Censures and Admonition
to those only that give express Consent Prop. i8.) you resolve
to censure the scandalous Sinner upon such an Offer of Consent
as carrieth in the Front of it a plain Refusal of your Discipline ?
Prop 19. Reg. 10. and how will this stand with the fourth and
fifth Reasons of that Proposition in pag. 12 of the Explanation ?
We know that you have of purpose left many things undeter-
rained, and that which you have propounded is fitted to the
Temper of Parishes in general, rather than to some of yours in
particular and therefore we do not mention these as an Accusation
against your Proposals ; but for our own Advantage and Satis-
faction in case we should receive any Letters from you.
Brethren, pray for us : we dwell in the midst of Opposition,
and as it will be our great joy to hear that the Work doth prosper
in your hands : so shall we be earnest with the Lord for a Blessing
upon your Endeavours.
Thus rest your unworthy Fellow Labourers in the Work of
the Gospel.
From this letter and from " The Agreement of the
Associated Ministers "* we gather that the idea of an
Association originated with the Presbyterian ministers
in Cumberland, that they approached the Independent
* The Agreement of the Associated Ministers and Churches of the Counties
of Cumberland and Westmerland. With something for explication and ex-
hortation annexed. London, Printed by T. L. for Simon Waterson, and are
sold at the sign of the Globe in Paul's Church-yard, and by Richard Scot, Book-
seller in Carlisle. 1656 4°, pp. [it\. 59. There are copies in the British
Museum and in Dr. Williams's Library. Dr. Shaw gives some extracts from
which, supplemented by the original pamphlet, we quote.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 27
ministers in the same county and found them unwilling
to join, so were driven to form an Association consisting
only of Presbyterians. After the appearance of Baxter's
explanation of the Worcestershire Association (July,
1653) the Cumberland Association had fresh hopes of
" some reconcihation at least of different judgments
in matters of Church Government than formerly," and
took up their former design again and propounded it
to the whole ministry of the County. After several
meetings an Agreement was come to which was " cheer-
fully subscribed by several, both of the Presbyterian and
Congregational Judgement." Then Quakerism arrived,
and the whole ministerial talent of the County became
engrossed in theological controversy. " The Agreement "
is very vivid in its description of the appearance of the
Quakers in the theological arena : —
Yet all was not done when we had proceeded thus far ; Action
(the life of all) was yet behinde ; Satan is enraged, (and surely
that must needs be good which he so furiously opposeth) and
endeavours to stiffie it in its birth ; to effect which, he disgorgeth
from his hateful stomach, a swarm of Quakers ; these, at that
very time, when all things were ready for practice, come upon
us like a furious Torrent ; all is on fire on the sudden, many are
unsetled, the foundations shaken, and some apostatize ; here we
were beaten off, and are forced to lay other things aside to quench
those flames. After a while this storm abates, and we begin
to think of our former work.
But the last Parliament* was then sitting, and because some-
thing of that nature was expected from them, it was advised
we should yet a little forbear till we might see the issue. The
Parliament being ended, we encountered with another demurrer
which was this : The Providence of God so ordered things that
many ministers in the County were unfixed supposing they should
be necessitated to remove, and several did remove to other
counties, so that we were again forced to let all alone expecting
what way things would be cast. And now all these things being
* This was the Protector's first Parliament, which met on 3rd September,
1654, and was dissolved 22nd January, 1654-5.
28 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
over, we have once more reassumed our ancient resolutions. . . .
When these were now ready, it pleased the Lord to give us this
encouragement ; Our Brethren, the Ministers of our neighbor-
County of Westmerland, desired of us a copy of our Proposition
and Confession ; and after they had among themselves con-
sidered and debated them, they signified to us their free consent
to all, except what concerned the County of Cumberland in
particular.
As has been mentioned, the Westmorland ministers did
not join the Association at its first inception, and we do
not know which of the ministers were members. In
fact the only members we know of were the ministers of
Greystoke, Edenhah, Penrith, Addingham, Skelton,
Hutton, Lamplugh, Bridekirk, and Cockermouth,* all
in Cumberland. The two counties had, however, joined
hands before 13th August, 1656, when the " Agreement "
was published.
The object of the Association thus begun is described
by Dr. Shaw : —
In the matter of discipline, the agreement allowed the particular
churches to carry on as much of their work with joint and mutual
assistance as they could with conveniency and edification,;" and
as little as may be to stand in their actings by themselves."
Things merely for order, ad melius esse, were to be counted non-
essential, so as not to hinder peace. Where difference of principle
resulted in the same practice, they were to join together in that
practice ; and, where not, then to exercise a mutual toleration.
The work of catechising, and of private instruction from house
to house, was to be pursued, and a true confession and unblame-
ableness of life were to be required from those desiring admission
to the Supper — -the Assembly's rules being followed for direction
as to the points of scandal and ignorance. The work of ordination
was to be pursued ; and, finally, for the purpose of organisation,
these counties were divided into three associations — the first
meeting at Carlisle, the second at Penrith, the third at Cocker-
raouth. They were to meet separately every month, and occasion-
ally all together in one Assembly. f
* Shaw's English Church, ii., 445.
t Shaw's English Church, ii., 156.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 29
Although Westmorland had joined the Association
there seems to have been no stated meeting place in the
county, and when next we hear of the Association (May,
1658) it is described merely as the " Associated Ministers
of the County of Cumberland," Westmorland being
mentioned neither in the title nor in the body of The
Temple re-built*
We do not know what proportion of the ministers
joined this Association, but it is evident that any scheme
of this kind could have appealed only to the moderate
men of each denomination. The Association probably
continued to the Restoration. James Cave, minister of
Crosthwaite, was ordained by the Associated Ministers,
i6th October, 1656, as appears from a certificate quoted
by Calamy.f
After the Restoration and the re-establishment of
episcopacy the Association could not possibly have con-
tinued, and it therefore had no organic connection with
the similar society of ministers called the Provincial
Meeting, which we shall mention later.
The Associations were intended to undertake portion
of the work that would have fallen to the Classes, had there
been any. There were however some people who did
not recognize that the Presbyterian system was dead,
or had never been alive, and proposed remedies, but no
improvement was possible. In 1652 Dr. John Owen
had suggested a scheme which on 20th March, 1653-4,
was adopted by Oliver Cromwell and his Council. J Under
this scheme the Presbyterian system was virtually
* The Temple re-built. A discourse on Zachary 6, 13. Preached at a Generall
Meeting of the Associated Ministers of the County of Cumberland at Keswick,
May 19. By Richard Gilpin, Pastor of the Church at Graistock in Cumberland.
London, Printed by E. T. for Luke Fawne, at the Parratt in Pauls-Church-yard,
and are to be sold by Richard Scott, Bookseller in Carlisle. 1658 4° pp. [viii'\.
40. There is a copy in Dr. Williams's Library. At the back of the title page
the date when the sermon was preached is given as May 20, 1658, a day later
than the date on the title page.
t Calamy's Cont., p. 229.
X Scobell's Acts and Ordinances, 1658.
30 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
abandoned in favour of one by which the ministers of
any denomination (except the Roman Cathohcs and the
Episcopahans both excluded as being unfavourable to
Commonwealth) were recognized as fit holders of prefer-
ment in the national church. The Commissioners for
Approbation of Public Preachers were to satisfy them-
selves of the godliness and fitness of the preacher before
he was approved, and these they admitted " of what
opinion soever they were that was tolerable."* The
right of patrons to present was preserved, and it depended
on him whether a Presbyterian or an Independent was
presented, just as, to-day, a patron of a living may
present a clergyman belonging to any of the numerous
parties into which the Church of England is divided.
Churches preferring to maintain their own ministers
were to be at liberty to do so. This indeed was tolera-
tion with limitations. The exclusion of both the reformed
and the unreformed episcopal churches was, of course, a
political measure. On theological grounds the Quakers
and Socinians would also be excluded from toleration.
A few months after the appointment of the Com-
missioners for Approbation of Public Preachers, an
ordinance was passed for the ejection of " Scandalous,
ignorant and insufficient ministers and schoolmasters."
The date of the ordinance was 28th August, 1654, and it
was confirmed by Act of Parliament in 1656. Westmor-
land was grouped with other northern counties for the
purposes of this ordinance, the following commissioners
being appointed for Cumberland, Durham, Northumber-
land, and Westmorland : — Philip, Lord Wharton, Sir
Arthur Hesilrige baronet, George Fenwick, Charles
Howard esqs. Henry Ogle, Robert Fenwick, Ralph
Salkield esqs. William Webb, Andrew Crisp, Edward
Nelson, Thomas Craister of Carlisle, John Wood of
* Calamy's Abridgement, p. 69.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. , 3I
Cockermouth, Cuthbert Studholm, Thomas Langhorn,
William Thompson, Wilham Briscoe esq. John Middleton,
Anthony Smith of Durham, Thomas Lacy of Sunderland,
Thomas Huntley, Robert Sharp, Robert Lilburn, esq.
Alderman Legard of Newcastle, Mr. Johnson of Newcastle,
William Garnet of Casterton, William Applegarth, James
Cock of Kendal, John Archer of Kendal and Christopher
Lister esq." It was the duty of these commissioners to
decide which ministers and schoolmasters should " be
accounted ignorant and insufficient," and in this dehcate
duty they were to be assisted by five or more of the
ministers nominated by the same ordinance. The
ministers thus nominated as assistants to the Com-
missioners for the four northern counties were : —
Mr. Wells* of Newcastle, Mr. Hamondt of Newcastle, Mr.
PrideuxJ of Newcastle, Mr. Theophilus Polwheele,§ Mr. Richard
Gilpin,|| Mr. Mathias Simpson, Mr. Comfort Star,^ Mr. Roger
Baldwin,** Mr. Thos. Thoyt, Mr. Geo. Larkham.ft Mr. William
Hopkins,! + Mr. Herris, Mr. Halsey,§§ Mr. Lane,|||| Mr. Lepthorn,
Mr. Trurin.Tm Mr. Smith *t of Kirkby-Langsdale, Mr. Walker * +
of Kendall.
* Thomas Weld of Gateshead (Calamy's Ace, p. 288, Cont. p. 454).
t Samuel Hammond, B.D. (Calamy's Ace, p. 498).
J Richard Prideaux, one of the Newcastle ministers who published the
Perfect Pharisee.
§ Theophilus Polwheil, preacher in Carlisle, ejected 1662 from Tiverton.
He was an Independent (Calamy's Cont., p. 260; Nightingale's £;>cterf, p. 145).
II Richard Gilpin, M.D., of Greystoke, a sequestrated living from which he
was ejected 1660 (Calamy's Ace, p. 154, Cont., p. 226; Nightingale's Ejected,
P 459)-
Tf Comfort Starr, M.A., ejected from Carlisle (Calamy, Ace, p. 150).
** Roger Baldwin, M.A., of Penrith, one of the ejected Ministers (Calamy,
Ace, p. 153). There is an account of him by the present writers in Pefirith
Observer, 3rd August, 1909, and some additional information in Nightingale's
Ejected.
tt George Larkham, M.A., of Cockermouth, ejected 1660 (Calamy, Ace, p.
158 ; Lewis's Cockermouth Church; Nightingale's Ejected, p. 684).
tt William Hopkins of Melmerby (Calamy, Ace, p. 159; Nightingale's
Ejected, p. 384).
§§ Probably Halsall, of Egremont (Calamy, Ace, p. 159). Nightingale found
no evidence for placing him at Egremont {Ejected p. 828).
nil Samuel Lane of Long Howton (Calamy, Ace, p. 511).
HH Thomas Trurant of Ovingham (Calamy, Ace, p. 505).
*t John Smith of Kirkby Lonsdale (C. and W. A. and A. S., n.s., v., 227-228).
*J Thomas Walker, of whom there is a notice in our next chapter, p. 47.
32 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
While the Assembly of Divines and the Parliament
were devising and endeavouring to enforce the Presby-
terian system, and Trinity College was sending Presby-
terian vicars to Kendal, many people were thinking
things out for themselves with the result that we hear
of quite a variety of theological opinions gaining adherents
in Kendal and its neighbourhood.
In 1650 Thomas Taylor, an anabaptist and minister of
a separatist congregation at Preston Patrick, had a public
disputation on infant baptism in Kendal Church with
three priests, whose names are not given.* The " priests "
would no doubt be Presbyterian ministers. According to
Quaker testimony, " he came over them all, and some of
the hearers run up Kendall-street crying ' Mr. Taylor
hath won the day.' " Taylor joined the Society of
Friends in 1652.1 The Independents were also strong
in South Westmorland, and several of the early
Friends were preachers in that denomination before
they came under the influence of George Fox. Inde-
pendency was strong in the large Yorkshire towns
as early as 1646, and there were Anabaptists and other
Sectaries there, as we learn from Gangraena. After
mentioning the Yorkshire sectaries, Edwards quotes a
letter " from a countrey further North," therefore one
of the four northern counties and possibly Westmorland : —
I received the books sent me, and shall make the best use I can
of them ; the one the [sic for I) keep for mine owne use, the other
I pleasure friends with (and truly never more need in our Countrey;
* Gough's History of the Quakers, ii., 554-557- T. Taylor's Works, 1697
(quoted in Kendal Mercury, N. and Q., No. 894).
t Taylor, of whom there is a notice in the D.N.B., was on 20th August,
1657, found guilty of disturbing service at Appleby Church, and, being
fined five marks, remained in prison for a year before the fine was paid (Cal.
S.P. Dom., 1658-9, p. 164). Taylor's congregation at I^reston Patrick
seem to have been even more extreme than he was, and disapproved of his
share in an " Endeavour used by ye Presbeterians, Independants, and others
for an uniteing into one body or church comunion." Accordingly he removed
to Swaledale, apparently about 1651, and soon afterwards joined the
Quakers (Journal Friends' Historical Soc, v. 3 ; First Publishers of Truth,
V- 253).
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 33
for Whereas formerly wee wanted the Ministerie, now wee have
such varietie and strife amongst them, that truly I know not
what will become of us.*
The most remarkable episode in the religious history
of Westmorland was the introduction of Quakerism.
George Fox began his ministry in 1647, but it was not
until 1652 that the great Quaker preached at Kendal.
The effect was electrical, and Westmorland became a
stronghold of the new sect. No wonder the Associated
Ministers suspected Satan of disgorging " a swarm of
Quakers." " These " say the worthy ministers,! with
metaphors quaintly mixed, " came upon us like a furious
torrent . . . Here we were beaten off, and are forced
to lay other things aside to quench those flames. After
a while this storm abates." Of his two first visits Fox
may tell his own story. 1:
1652. From this place I went to Kendal, where a meeting was
appointed in the town-hall ; in which I declared the word of life
amongst the people, shewing them " how they might come to
the saving knowledge of Christ, and have a right understanding
of the Holy Scriptures, opening to them what it was that would
lead them into the way of reconciliation with God, and what
would be their condemnation." After the meeting I stayed a
while in the town, several were convinced there, and many
appeared loving. One, whose name was Cock, met me in the
street, and would have given me a roll of tobacco, for people
then were much given to smoking : I accepted his love, but
did not receive the tobacco.
1652. After this I returned into Westmorland, and spoke
through Kendal, on a market-day. So dreadful was the power of
God upon me, that people flew like chaff before me into their
houses. I warned them of the mighty day of the Lord, and
exhorted them to hearken to the voice of God in their own hearts,
who was now come to teach his people Himself. When some
opposed, many others took my part, insomuch that at least
* Edwards's Gangraena, 1646, pt. 2, p. 123.
t The Agreement of the Associated Ministers, 1656.
Journal of George Fox (1891, ed.) i., 1 15-125.
D
34 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
some of the people fell to fighting about me ; but I went and spoke
to them, and they parted again. Several were convinced.
In the same year, on an occasion famous in the annals
of the Friends, George Fox " went to Firbank Chapel in
Westmoreland, where Francis Howgill, and John Audland,
had been preaching in the morning." Preaching outside
the chapel " he was largely opened in his ministry at
this time, and was attended with a convincing power
and authority, greatly affecting the hearts of the auditory,
whereby many of them, and in particular the teachers
of that congregation, became proselytes to his doctrine ;
of these were John Audland and Francis Howgill, both
of whom having been zealous preachers amongst the
Independents, became in some time noted publishers of
these doctrines, which, through the ministry of George
Fox, they had embraced as truth ; and as these doctrines
condemned as anti-christian the teachers for hire, they
gave back the money they had received from the parish
of Colton in Lancashire for preaching there."*
The Quakers, though probably in the early days the
most numerous sect of Nonconformists in the county,
do not come within the scope of our history. We may,
however, mention one local incident which shows that
the Quakers included an early, probably the earliest,
preacher in Kendal of the simple humanity of Christ,
a doctrine which was not developed amongst the Pro-
testant Dissenters until more than a century afterwards.
John Gilpin, in his Quaker Shaken, 1655, f states that
" Amongst other blasphemies, one Robert Collison affirmed,
that Christ was a man, had his failings, for he distrusted
God, Why hast thou forsaken me ? To whom I answered,
That then he suffered as an Evil-doer, and so could not
purchase redemption for us."
* Gough's History of the Quakers, i., 113.
■}■ Quoted from Zachary Grey's Impartial examination of the fourth volume
of Neal's History of the Puritans, 1739, p. 102-105.
THE COMMONWEALTH AND EARLIER. 35
Gilpin's account, which mentions that Robert Colhson's-
house was in Kendal, is attested by, amongst others,
" Edward Turner, Mayor of Kendall." As Turner was
Mayor in 1652-3 Collison would presumably be one of
Fox's first converts.
The doctrines of the Friends were not laid down strictly,
and many diverse opinions were held. The early Friends
were by no means " sound " on the doctrine of the Trinity,
a fact which is often forgotten, even by the Quakers
themselves. The subject is touched upon in a later
chapter.
36
II.
Kendal Clergy during the Commonwealth.
IN the preceding chapter we have tried to show the
general history of the church and of religion in the
county during the Commonwealth. In this chapter we
notice some of the clergymen and ministers who officiated
in Kendal during the same period, and who may be
presumed to have had an influence on their contem-
poraries.
The living of Kendal was apparently not an attractive
one, and the early seventeenth-century vicars were men
of so little distinction that beyond their names we know
little of them and practically nothing of their theological
position.*
The patron of the living was Trinity College, Cambridge,
and Trinity was, if we may judge by its Masters, rather
High Church up to 1644. From that date to 1659 the
Masters were Calvinists, and were not always popular
with the other resident members of the College.]- We
may presume that the College, on the whole, was not
a Puritan one prior to the Civil Wars, and in that case
the clergymen presented to college livings would, prob-
ably, also not be Puritan.
* TJntil recently the printed lists of vicars of Kendal have been very imper-
fect. Nico'son and Burn give one, and there is a more complete one in
Cornelius Nicholson s Annals (p. 6oV Mnch better is the list by Mr. J. F.
Curwen {Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archceological Society,
xvi., 215). Our list contains additional names and dates from the Register
■of Trinity College, supplied to us bv the courtesy of the Master of Trinity
(Dr. H. Montague Butler) and the Vice-Master (Dr. W. Aldis \\'right). It
is evident, howe^'er, that the College Register does not contain ail the appoint-
ments to the living. The Kendal parish registers are imperfect, and so one
of the usual sources of information failed us. Alter this chapter was written
the Rev. B. Nightingale published his great worlv, The Ejected of 1662, and
from that we have supplemented our account considerably, as will be seen
by the numerous references to it.
t W. R. W. Ball's Notes on the History of Trinity College, Cambridge, pp. 85-100.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. yj
In the fifty years before the Civil War there were four
vicars. Samuel Heron, B.D., was presented nth Septem-
ber, 1591, on the death of Ambrose Hetherington,
D.D.* Heron soon resigned, and on 14th October, 1592,
Ralph Tyrer, B.D., was presented. f Tyrer's curious
rhyming autobiographical monumental inscription is
better known than understood —
Herevnder lyeth ye body of Mr. Raulph
Tirer late Vicar of Kendall Batchler
of Divinity, who dyed the 4th day
of Ivne, An° : Dni : 1627.
London bredd me, Westminster fedd me
Cambridge sped me, my Sister wed me.
Study taught me. Lining sought me,
Learning brought me, Kendall caught me.
Labour pressed me, sicknes distressed me.
Death oppressed me, & graue possessed me,
God first gave me, Christ did saue me
Earth did crave me, & heauen would haue me.
" My Sister wed me," is supposed to mean that his
sister found a wife for him. " Kendall caught me,"
suggests a certain amount of unwillingness in Tyrer's
stay at Kendal. The epitaph throws no light on the
shade of his theological opinions. ;[: The next vicar,,
presented 9th October, 1627, § was Francis Gardner, one
of the Senior Fellows of Trinity College. On i6th Decem-
ber, 1640, II Henry Hall, B.D., was presented on the death
of Francis Gardner.
There is so little trace of Hall locally that we had
surmised that he refused the living or resigned soon after
* College Register. Dr. Hetherington was buried 13 July, 1591, and had
been vicar from 1562.
t College Register.
X Tyrer refers in his will to " that epitaph that I have made of myselfe ia
Englishe verse." He made provision, in the event of his only son dying
under 21, for the establishment of a Scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge,
(Earwaker's Lancashire and, Cheshire Wills, p. 197; Chatham Soc, n.s., 28).
§ College Register.
II College Register.
38 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
liis appointment. Mr. Nightingale's researches have
shown that he actuahy accepted, compounding for
First Fruits in December, 1640, and the Masy letters
which Mr. Nightingale* prints suggest that Masy under-
took to pay some portion of the First Fruits due from
Hall.
It is doubtful whether Hall was ever more than nomin-
ally Vicar of Kendal. Prior to his appointment to Kendal
he had been curate or parish chaplain of St. Andrew the
Apostle, Norwich, a position he appears to have held
until he went to London as a member of the Assembly, f
He was a man of some distinction, and in 1643, described
.as " Mr. Henry Hall of Norwich, B.D.," was one of the
original members of the Assembly of Divines, and was one
of seven members appointed to revise Rouse's Psalms. He
was a Presbyterian, and in 1644 preached a fast-day ser-
mon before the House of Commons. Of the circumstances
connected with his holding of the Vicarage of Kendal we
know nothing excepting that he seems to have surrendered
all his interest in it to Henry Masy some time before
Masy was appointed to succeed him, perhaps about the
middle of 1642, as the third payment of First Fruits, due
two years after Hall's appointment, had not been made.
Hall died before 9th February, 1646-7, when the Assem-
"bly made a grant to his widow, and probably before 9th
October, 1645, when a Mrs. " Hale " had a grant. |
Henry Masy, § who thus succeeded Hall by what was
apparently a private arrangement with his predecessor,
eventually became vicar of Kendal by election of the
Fellows of Trinity College.
* Ejected, p. 877, 901.
t Blomfield's Norfolk, iv., 301.
1 Minutes of Westminster Assembly, Ed. by Mitchell & Struthers, pp. 147, 327.
§ Until the publication of the Rev. Benjamin Nightingale's Eiected of
3662, Masy was little more than a name. Mr. Nightingale discovered, in
the Rawlinson MSS. (Bodleian Library), an interesting series of letters from
Masy to Lord Wharton. These letters, which throw much light on Masy's
life and character as well as on the civil war history of Kendal, are printed in
full in Mr. Nightingale's great work (pp. 880-925).
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 39
Masy, whose name occurs also as Massey, Masye,
Macey, Macy and Mary, was, we gather from a casual
reference in one of his letters, an Oxford man, and the
fact that he retired to Chester on one of the occasions
when he was driven from Kendal, suggests that he belonged
to one of the numerous Massey families in Cheshire. It
is however probable that he was a Devonshire man, as
Foster* records an Oxford graduate, Henry Macy of
Devon pleb. of Broadgates Hall, who matriculated nth
July, 1606, aged 17. He graduated M.A. from Wadham
College, 5th July, 1614, being then in holy orders, and
was in 1612 rector of Shaston Saint Rumbold, alias
Cann, Dorset, and from 1614 to 1636 rector of Temple
or Abbas Combe, Somerset. This Somersetshire rector
was, like the Kendal vicar, father of a clergyman of his
own name.
Whether identical or not with the rector of Temple
Combe, it is certain that Masy was an elderly man when
he first appears on the scene in Westmorland. In all
probability he had been episcopally ordained. He had
probably been a tutor or chaplain in the family of Mrs.
Goodwin, whose daughter was the wife of Lord Wharton,
as in 1640 he " made bold " to send to her house his
trunk containing ;^i6o in money and other valuables,
and it was to her that he sent the first letterf preserved
in the Rawlinson MSS. Though addressed to Mrs.
Goodwin the letter was obviously intended for Lord
Wharton, by whom it was endorsed " Mr. Masy to my
mother Goodwin to putt in money given and his proposi-
tions." This letter shows Masy to have been an enthusi-
astic promoter of the Parliamentary cause. Parliament
was in need of money, and Masy had been endeavouring
to move his neighbours to contribute but " all in vayne,
the gentry of our Westmorland and our Clergy generally
• A lumni Oxonienses.
t Nightingale's Ejected, p. 880. ,
40 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
have base thoughts and words of the worthies in parha-
ment," so to set them an example Masy contributed
£60 which he asked Mrs. Goodwin to take from his trunk.*
"I desire you thinke it not strange that I a poore
minister should desire to add a drop of water to the ocean.
We should be exemplary of good to all others." Masy
found the Westmorland gentry " most papists and
popishly affected " and the clergy little better. At the
date of this letter, ist August, 1642, Masy was in Kendal,
and on the 6th of the same month, he was one of two
orthodox divines, appointed to be Lecturers in the Parish
Church of Kirkby Lonsdale, f
This lecture, being on market day, would not necessarily
interfere with whatever functions Masy was performing
at Kendal, where his status during Hall's lifetime seems
to have been a curious one. So far as we can gather
from the letters Masy and Hall had made some arrange-
ment by which Hall gave Masy his life interest in the
vicarage of Kendal, and Masy was to take the profits
and to pay the first fruits (two parts out of four) then
unpaid on Hall's composition.]: Why Hall did not resign
in a straightforward manner is not clear. Unforeseen
difficulties prevented Masy paying the first fruits as
arranged, and gave him some concern a few years later.
About November of the year in which the arrangement
had been made (1642) the Royalist Commissioners of
Array were apparently in undisputed possession of
Kendal and neighbourhood, and as Masy was known to
be a sympathizer with the Parliament, he was arrested
and imprisoned, but eventually released on getting
sureties to bring him before Sir Philip Musgrave when
required. He was under sureties until February, 1642-3,
* There are other references to this money, and it appears that Masy was
willing to cast the whole of it into the Treasury, and to sell the other contents
of the trunk for the same purpose (Nightingale's Ejected, p. 882).
f Nightingale's Ejected, p. 877.
% Nightingale's Ejected, p. 900.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 4I
and after a month was offered an oath, but refused to
subscribe it and was consequently kept prisoner for
some hours. He perceived that Kendal was no place
for him, and as soon as he could get his sureties loosed, he
fled to Scotland. " The Lord cast me on Edinburge,"
he says, "where I was i6 monthes and lost allmymeanes
at Kendall chooseing rather to be undone at liberty than
undone in prison for the last was the ayme of the enemie."*
Masy returned to Kendal in October, 1644,! and as his
exile had lasted sixteen months he was absent from
Kendal from about May, 1643, to October, 1644. During
Masy's absence the living was occupied by Mr. Leake,
the Earl of Newcastle's chaplain, who took all the profits. :|:
Of Mr. Leake, who thus became de facto Vicar of Kendal,
we know nothing with certainty. There was a Richard
Leake, M.A., who was instituted Prebendary of Grindall
in York Cathedral, 6th December, 1616, and was one of
the suffering clergy ejected by the Parliament, § but we
have found nothing to connect him with the Kendal
vicar. Another clergyman of the name was John Leake
who was Vicar of Tunstall from 1632 to his death in 1664,
He was evidently a clergyman who complied with all the
requirements of the changing times, and it is just possible
that he was, in 1643 and 1644, acting as Vicar of Kendal.
From May, 1643, to June, 1646, Leake appears to have
been absent from Tunstall, the parish register then
showing the only hiatus during Leake's thirty-two years'
service. ||
Leake's intrusion prevented Masy carrying out his con-
tract with Hall. Masy had been back in Kendal only six
days when Col. Grey took the town, and Masy would have
been taken prisoner in his bed had not the Mayor, Gervase
* Nightingale's Ejected, pp. 914-917.
t Nightingale's Ejected, p. 883.
X Nightingale's Ejected, pp. 901, 921.
§ Le Neve's Fasti, iii., 191 ; Walker's Sufferings, ii., 85.
II Tunstall Registers (Lancashire Parish Register Society).
42 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Benson, roused him and got him out of danger. Benson
was himself taken.* On 14th November Masy was at
Newcastle but proposed to begin his return to Kendal
on the day following, f
Lord Wharton busied himself to have Masy duly pre-
sented to the Kendal living. Shortly before 17th Febru-
ary, 1644-5, Masy was elected vicar of Kendal by the
Fellows of Trinity College, but there were not the sixteen
Fellows required by the Statutes to make a presentation
to the living.! Lord Wharton's influence was again called
for, and apparently Masy was presented, though the
College records contain no evidence of the fact. In June,
1645, Masy and Benson the Mayor, were at York asking for
Parliamentary soldiers to keep the Barony free from
Skiptoners and other Royalists. § Masy was, in January,
1645-6, troubled by the number of Westmorland ministers
who refused the Covenant, and yet " fynd as much (if
not more) favour then ther honestly affected neigh-
bours." ||
Masy heads the list of ministers recommended on loth
March, 1645-6, to form the Westmorland Classis,|[ and is
described as " minister of Kendal " in a letter of the
same date addressed to Speaker Lenthall, by Richard
Prissoe, Mayor of Kendal.** In April, 1646, the Com-
mittee for Plundered Ministers granted to Masy £$0
yearly out of the revenues of the Dean and Chapter of
Durham, " his present maintenance being but 5oli. per
annum." This augmentation he owed to his " thrice
noble friend " Lord Wharton, jf but nearly two years
* Nightingale's Ejected, p. 883.
t Nightingale's Ejected, p. 884.
% Nightingale's Ejected, p. 882.
§ Nightingale's Ejected, p. 888.
II Nightingale's Ejected, p. 887.
•[[Tanner MSB., Ix., 527.
** Information of Mr. J. F. Curwen, who has also kindly furnished us with
some extracts from the Minutes of the Committee for Plundered Ministers,
tt Nightingale's Ejected, p. 897.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 43
later he was waiting for some pecuniary advantage from
the grant — " as yet never a peny payd."*
Masy seems to have visited London about once a year,
and in May, 1646, he informed Lord Wharton that he
purposed shortly to wait upon him.j The visit was
■deferred because a woman had died of plague in Kendal
and there was fear of spreading the infection, J but
between June 29th and September 28th Masy had been
to London.
In a letter of the latter date Masy tells Lord Wharton
•of the insulting behaviour of the local Royalists, only
kept in bounds by the presence of the Scots. §
On 27th October, 1646, another alarm came to Masy,
He had been shown a letter from London which stated
that there were some people that got parsonages froni
such as had presentations and no institutions or in-
ductions, pretending them to be in lapse. This was
Masy's own position with regard to Kendal, and he
wrote at once to Lord Wharton to enquire what was
to be done to " perfect my presentation with institution
and induction." jl Lord Wharton can have lost no time,
for on 14th November, 1646, Parliament ^ ordered that
" Doctor Heath shall give institution and induction to
Henry Masey, to the vicarage of Kendall ... he
being presented thereunto by Trinity Colledge, in Cam-
bridge, and this to be with a salvo jure cujus cunque."
A month before his institution Masy began to experience
trouble about the non-payment of the first fruits payable
by Hall for which Masy had become liable but had not
paid because in the year the money was due he was in
exile in Scotland and Leake was enjoying his living of
* Nightingale's Ejected, p. 919
t Niglitingale's Ejected, p. 899
% Nightingale's Ejected, p. 894
§ Nightingale's Ejected, p. 899
II Nightingale's Ejected, p. 903
^ Lords' Journals, viii., 565.
44 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Kendal.* Eventually Lord Wharton seems to have
arranged the matter for him, but the Vicar of Kendal
had months of worry before it was settled.
Trouble of another kind came to him in August, 1647,-
for he was one of the gentlemen " well affected to the
Parliament," whom Anthony Knipe and other riotous
inhabitants of the Barony apprehended and imprisoned
for a few hours. f In March, 1647-8, Masy had been
afflicted " with extremity of sickness " and had to defer
a visit to London, J and a few months later he had again
to fly from Kendal where the Royalists had regained
power. This change of fortune was due to the arrival
of the Royalist Scotch army which passed through Kendal
on its way to Lancashire to be defeated on 17th August
by Cromwell. It was in June that Masy fled before the
Scots, and he draws a pitiful picture of the ruin the
invaders had wrought to his house and the things in it.
His books had been carried away. " My losse is greate
and my selfe utterly undone. I can account it already
towards 5ooli with losses and cost since my banishment
from Kendall." Masy went to Chester " being indeed
invited thither by unexpected providence, I will not say
I had not a ragge to my backe for I had nothing els but
ragges."§ In Chester Masy found many worthy friends
and some of another opinion from whom he received
coarse dealing, but he was slow to return to Kendal,
and his absence from the post of duty was construed as
disaffection to the Parliament. This he repudiated in
the last of the letters discovered by Mr. Nightingale,.
which is dated Chester, 4th November, 1648, and bears
Lord Wharton's endorsement " Mr. Masy to mee in vindi-
cation of himselfe."||
* Nightingale's Ejected, p. 902.
t Ante, p. 18.
} Nightingale's Ejected, p. 919.
§ Nightingale's Ejected, p. 922.
II Nightingale's Ejected, p. 923.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 45
In these letters Masy reveals himself as a stalwart
in politics and religion alike. His respect for Lord Whar-
ton is, to modern ideas, somewhat over-expressed, and
if it had not been quite a seventeenth-century custom to
beslaver lords and patrons with praise, one might have
suspected Masy of flattering the powerful Lord Wharton.
But when he thought there was need, Masy did not spare
his patron, whose tendency to Independency he deplored.
" If you countenance such errors," he writes, " the truly
Godly will resolve rather ... to loose your Lordship's
favour then favour of God."* Masy's letters show that
while quite willing to sacrifice his own fortune for the
Parliament's needs, he was very keen on money matters,
and his persistence in begging for an augmentation
suggests self-seeking. Here again we must do Masy the
bare justice of acknowledging that he used his influence
with Lord Wharton to beg for others quite as persistently
as he begged for himself. In politics it is evident that
Masy was a convinced supporter of the Parliament, and
it grieved him when any malignant parson received pro-
motion or malignant soldiers were allowed to buy food.f
In Church or religious matters Masy was a strong Presby-
terian. He would seem to have introduced the Directory
for Worship in accordance with an Act of Parliament
passed in March, 1644-5, and his parishioners showed
their objection to it by refraining from paying the Easter
and other dues to the minister. " People desire their old
mumpsimus of the service book which is I hope happily
exploded, and thereupon people will not pay — it is with
them no pater noster no penny. "| He had no belief in
an unordained ministry. When there was a vacancy at
Appleby he wrote, " I beseech your Lordship take care
of it, the man must be an experienced labourer in God's
* Nightingale's Ejected, p. go6.
t Nightingale's Ejected, p. 885.
X Nightingale's Ejected, p. 893.
46 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
vineyard/'* and on several occasions he warned Lord
Wharton against men who set up the trade of preaching.
Independency in all its developments was anathema to
him, and "liberty of conscience," then advocated only by
Independents, comes in for special condemnation. Liberty
of conscience he regarded as " destructive both to piety
and politie,"f and he could find no " ground of it in
Scripture nor any authentic author. "| In this he was,
of course, a logical Presbyterian, and, like others of his
persuasion, he thought that " errors, sects and schism "
could be suppressed by Parliament. He desired the
settling of Church government, no doubt on the lines
developed by the Westminster Assembly, but he did not
live to see it accomplished.
In 1650 the Committee ordered arrears, after the rate
of £50 a year, amounting to £38 i8s., from the 25th March,
1649, to 6th January, 1649 [-50], to be paid to " Massey "
or to Mr. Richard Massey for his use. § We may therefore
conclude that Masy ceased to be vicar of Kendal in
January, 1649-50. He died in office or soon afterwards,
and a funeral sermon was preached by William Cole.
It was printed under the title of " David's distress in the
loss of Jonathan, or an explication of David's mourning
at the death of Jonathan, in a sermon upon 2 Sam. i. 16
at the funeral of Mr. Henry Massey, Minister of the Gospel
of Jesus Christ at Kirby Kendall in Westmoreland." ||
* Nightingale's Ejected, p. 897.
t Nightingale's Ejected, p. 909.
X Nightingale's Ejected, p. gi2.
§ Information of Mr. J. F. Curwen. Dr. Shaw (English Church, ii., 546),
quoting P.R.O. Audit Office, Declared Accounts, Bundle 367, roll 3, gives
what is apparently another record of the same payment, " Richard Marshall
for the use of Mr. Massey, minister of Kendal, co Westmorland, 9 months
and II days to 1649-50 January 5 £38 i8s."
II This publication is only known to us from its occurrence in the catalogue
issued by William London, an enterprising Newcastle bookseller, our atten-
tion being called to it by Barnes's Memoirs, p. 373 (Surtees Soc, 50). There
is no copy in the British Museum, the Jackson Collection at Carlisle, the
Library of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, or the Public
Library there.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 47
The next vicar appears to have been Thomas Walker.
He was elected Fellow of Trinity, 1647, and on i8th
April, 165 1, the College agreed to present him to the
Vicarage of Kendal.* We have no record of his actual
presentation, but there is ample evidence that he was
minister of Kendal. Besides being vicar, Walker was
lecturer at the Parish Church, at least from May, 1651,
for in 1652 the Mayor and Aldermen paid him £15 for
" supplying the Lecture at Kendal for one whole yeare
ended the last of May last." That the Vicar should
hold the Lectureship was an offence to " severall well
affected inhabitants "of the burgh who petitioned the
Mayor and Aldermen to settle the Lectureship on Mr.
William Cole " for his incouragement to continue amongst
us being of soe greate concernment to many poore saules
(the paucity and small number of godly and painfull
ministers settled in this country consydrd)." The peti-
tioners pointed out that not only had Walker a sufficient
" competency of lively hood by receaving the profitts of
Kendall (as much as formerly mantained a whole family)
but an addition of mentainance augmentation of 5oli
per annum from Newcastle but being a single man liveth
of a very little charge. "f It does not appear that the
Lectureship was taken from Walker, but in the next
vicar's time the two offices were kept distinct.
On 31st March, 1653, the Commissioners for the pro-
pagation of the Gospel in the Northern Counties approved
Walker for the work of the ministry, and appointed him
minister of Kendal, certifying that he was found fit to
preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ and to be qualified and
gifted for that holy employment, and had given them
satisfaction of his holy life and conversation and con-
formity to the Government, and they ordered for his
* College Register.
t Kindly supplied by Mr. J. F. Curwen from the original amongst the
Corporation papers.
48 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
maintenance the payment of certain tithes lately belonging
to the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle.* Other orders on
his behalf were made on 21st March, i653[-4] (renewed
i8th October, iBssf), and the 6th August, 1655. |
The approval of Walker in 1653 was prior to the appoint-
ment of the " Triers," otherwise the Commissioners for
approbation of Public Preachers. This body, on i8th
September, 1654, § expressed their satisfaction with
Walker, as being " a person, for the Grace of God in
him, his holy and unblamable conversation, as also for
his knowledge and utterance, able and fit to preach the
Gospel."
It may be mentioned that the augmentation of his
living, granted in 1655, followed an application from
Walker for the continuance of the augmentation. ||
Evidently he did not feel as well off as, according to the
" well affected inhabitants " of 1652, he ought to have
done.
He appears to have been considered one of the leading
ministers in the county, being in 1654 nominated to
assist the Commissioners for ejecting scandalous, ignorant
and insufficient ministers and schoolmasters.^
Walker, like all his contemporaries, had trouble with
the Quakers, and in or about 1653 was cursed by Miles
Halhead in the presence of Master Archer and Mr. Cocke.**
Walker was still minister on 18th October, 1655, but
he had ceased to occupy that position before 27th May,
1656. The precise date and cause of his resignation
and his subsequent career are not known to us. He was
living 19th March, 1657-8, but he was not the clergyman
* Lambeth MSS., vol. 1006, p. 394.
t Lambeth MSS., vol. 971, p. 147.
% Lambeth MSS., vol. 972, p. 231.
§ Lambeth MSS., vol. 968, p. 10.
II Lambeth MSS., vol. 1008, p. 187.
1[ Scobell's Acts and Ordinances.
** Perfect Pharisee, p. 48.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 49
of the name who was amongst the ejected ministers in
1662.
In March, 1657 [-8], Walker was " late Minister of Ken-
dall," and on the 19th of that month it was ordered that
his petition for arrears be referred to John Archer, esqr.,
Justice of Peace, and to Mr. Edmund Branthwaite to
" examine matter of fact " and Branthwaite was to pay
such arrears as appeared to be due.*
On 27th May, 1656, Trinity Cohege agreed to present
John Strickland, " now minister of Sarum," to the
living, t and on i6th July Strickland was admitted to
the vicarage of Kirkby Kendal. J Nevertheless, there is
no reason to believe that Strickland was ever anything
more than vicar technicahy. The probabihty is that he
was nominated in order to avoid the lapse of the right
of presentation. Though his official connection with
Kendal was slight, he was a local man and a Noncon-
formist, and some notice of him may not be out of place.
He was born in Westmorland, and according to Calamy, §
who gives a long account of him, was of "an antient
genteel family." || But when he matriculated at Oxford
in 1618 at the age of 17, it was as the son of a plebeian.^
He graduated B.A. 1622, M.A. 1625, and B.D. 1632. His
first clerical employment was as chaplain to the Earl of
Hertford,** and in 1632 he was presented to the Rectory
of Puddimore Milton in Somerset, which he had vacated
by 1641 when his successor was appointed, ff He was a
member of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, and
preached often before the Long Parliament. Anthony
Wood says " He pray'd several times blasphemously,"
* Lambeth MSS., vol. 995, p. 115.
t College Register.
X Nightingale's Ejected, p. 1405.
§ Ace, p. 755, Cont., p. 865.
II He had an estate at Strickland Kettle (Nightingale's Ejected, p. 942).
^ Foster's Alumni Oxonienscs.
** Afterwards Duke of Somerset and an active Ro3'alist.
ft Weaver's Somerset Incumbents, p. 170.
E
50 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
which Calamy indignantly denies : " He might as well
have said he us'd to come into his Pulpit naked, and
without a Rag of Cloaths on. For one is not more ridicu-
lous to those that knew the man, than the other. He
was really a great Divine, and generally esteem'd. He
was eminent for Expounding the Scripture, and an
excellent Casuist."
He was, on 27th October, 1643, appointed to the
sequestrated living of St. Peter the Poor in London,*
and, according to Foster, | was Master of the Hospital
of St. Nicholas in East Harnham, near New Sarum, in
1646, and was then described as Dean of Bristol. i
He evidently kept up relations with the North, and
on 15th January, 1645-6, we find him conveying to the
Westminster Assembly the desires of the Committee for
Cumberland. §
On 12th November, 1647, John Strickland was nomin-
ated Vicar of Lancaster, and again on 24th December,
1647 II ; but no vicar of the name is known to the local
historian. ^ Evidently John Strickland had no strong
desire to return to the neighbourhood of his birth.
Strickland was minister of St. Edmund's, New Sarum
(Salisbury) as early as 29th September, 1649, when half-a-
year's stipend was ordered to be paid to him,** and it
was from the same living that he was ejected by the Act
of Uniformity in 1662. Calamy says that afterwards
" he continued among his people, and preach'd to them
as he had opportunity, and suffered many ways for his
nonconformity." He was " well and dead in an hour's
* Shaw's English Church, ii., 317. Hennessey's Novum Repertorium, p.
469, includes him in the list of Commonwealth intruders, and states that he
was appointed in 1643, but does not give the date when he vacated the living.
f Alumni Oxoniciises.
X He does not appear in the list of Deans in Le Neve's Fasti, and Mathew
Nicolas, who was installed in 1639, was at that date (1646) the Dean de jure.
§ Minutes of the Westminster Assembly, ed. by Mitchell and Struthers, p. 17S.
\\ Shaw's English Church, ii., 347, 349.
T[ Roper's Church of Lancaster, p. 774, Chet. Soc, n.s., 59.
** Shaw's English Church, ii., 546.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 51
time," having " died on a Lord's day evening after he
had preach'd twice ; from 2 Pet. i. 11. and administer'd
the Lord's Supper. Finding himself out of order, he
spoke of it to those about him, and sate down in a chair
and died."* He was buried in St. Edmund's Church-
yard 25th October, 1670. f
We have no information as to the history of the hving of
Kendal between Strickland's appointment in 1656 and
that of Brownsword early in 1659 ; though it is scarcely
credible that an important town should so long have
been without a vicar.
Brownsword is the subject of the next chapter.
Besides vicars Kendal had other clergymen who must
have had some influence on the minds of their con-
temporaries, and who are therefore within the scope of
our history. To take the Lecturers at the Parish Church
first.
The petition of 1652, already mentioned, states that
" several sums of money have been bequeathed and
given by sundry well affected persons towards the main-
tenance of a godly and orthodox minister for the preaching
of a weekly lecture in Kendal Church." J
The Lectureship was in the gift of the Mayor and
Aldermen whose appointments are probably better indi-
cations of the trend of local theological opinion than are
those of the remote patrons of the living, who may have
acted without considering local desires.
Walker was both Vicar and Lecturer, and we have
seen that in 1652 some of the inhabitants desired William
* Calamy's Ace, p. 755, Cont., p. 865.
t Foster's Alumni Oxonienses.
J One of these " well affected persons " was Edward Archer of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, merchant, who by will dated 21st April, 1647, left a sum of money
" to the Mayor, Aldermen and Commons of Kendal to be employed by them
towards the maintenance of a Lecturer in the aforesaid town." IJdward
Archer was a brother of John Archer of Kendal, one of the leading Noncon-
formists in the town (Information of Mr. G. H. Rowbotham). The date of
the bequest shows that Archer's legacy was intended for the support of a
non-episcopalian minister, but we have no reason to suppose that, after 1660,
the endowment was applied as it was intended to be.
52 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Cole, who was then apparently resident in the parish,
to be Lecturer.
William Cole, a Northampton man, was admitted to
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1637, and graduated
B.A. in 1640.* As he was towards the end of his life
described as Dr. Cole, he presumably proceeded to the
doctorate. I In 1645 he became minister at Kirkby
Lonsdale, taking the place of George Buchanan, a seques-
tered and imprisoned Royalist J or Malignant, § and as
minister there was one of those nominated in 1646 to be a
member of the Classis. || He was still at Kirkby Lonsdale
in 1650, when his daughter was baptized there, but in
February, 1652-3, John Smith was minister.^ Between
these two dates would probably be the period when Cole
was resident in Kendal and his friends were endeavouring
to secure the lectureship for him. He had preached
Masy's funeral sermon and may have had temporary
charge of the parish. It is certain that Cole lived in
Kendal or near enough to it to know much of its affairs,
and he took a part in the discussions with the earliest
Friends. This appears from many references in the
Perfect Pharisee** which, though signed by Thomas
Weld, Win. Cole, Rich. Prideaux, Will. Durant, and
* Shaw's Manchester Classis, p. 423 (Chet. Soc, n.s., 24).
t The Registrary of the University informs us that Cole received no higher
degree at Cambridge than B.A., though on the title page of Noah's Dove he is
styled B.D.
J Walker's Sufferings, ii,, 210.
§ Hist. MSS. Comm., 7th Rep., p. 686.
11 Shaw's English Church, ii., 370.
TI Conder on Kirkby Lonsdale registers {Cumberland and Westmorland
Antiquarian and Archcsological Society, N.s., v., 227-228).
** The Perfect Pharisee under monkish holinesse, opposing the Fundamental!
Principles of of [sic] the Doctrine of the Gospel, and Scripture- Practises of
Gospel-Worship manifesting himselfe in the Generation of men called Quakers.
Or, a Preservative against the Grosse Blasphemies and horrid delusions of
those, who under pretence of perfection and an immediate Call from God
make it their businesse to Revile and Disturbe the Ministers of the Gospel'.
Published, for the establishing of the People of God in the Faith once delivered
to the Saints. And in a speciall manner directed to Beleevers in Newcastle
and Gateside. [Two texts, Isay. 8.20 2 Epist. of John, ver. 8] Gateside
Printed by S.B. and are to be sould by Will: London Book-seller in Newcastle'
1653 4'" [Another edition, dated 1654, bears a London imprint only
Barnes's Memoirs, p. 363, Surtees Soc, 50)].
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 53
Sam. Hammond, Newcastle ministers, bears internal
evidence of Cole's authorship. He took part in dis-
cussions, apparently public, with James Nayler, Colonel
Gervase Benson, and Captain Ward.* In the Perfect
Pharisee (p. 29) he records his discussion with a Quaker
of the question " That there is no mediate Call to the
Ministry," which " was asserted by Thomas Willan of
Kendale in the Publique Congregation there, on a Lecture
day, in the hearing of one of us, W. C. the said T. W.
(accordinge to the custome of that Generation to Prophe-
sie lyes in the name of the Lord) pretending to the man
that Preached, he was sent of God to speak to him :
then the said Minister demanded Whether he was sent
by a mediate or immediate Call : upon which proposall,
being baffled in the proofe of his owne immediate Call
which he pretended to ; with a lowde voyce cryed downe
all mediate cals to the Ministry, as not of God, and tis
one of their common exceptions against the Ministers
of the Gospel as being sent forth by the Ordination of
men, not considering the Institution of Christ for such
proceedings."
The Perfect Pharisee explains to some extent the now
almost incomprehensible dislike of the Quakers, which
was shared by all the other sects, whether Episcopalian,
Presbyterian or Independent. The clerics were shocked
by the Quaker attacks on their divine commission, on
their tithes and stipends and on some of their doctrines,
while the laymen were equally shocked by some of the
vagaries of the early Friends. The following are a few
extracts : —
That there is no need of any outward teaching by Reading or
Hearing the Scriptures opened or applyed &c. . . . What
need we the teachings of men : saith another, in a paper of his,
in the hands of one of us. Wilham Strickland walking up the
* Perfect Pharisee, p. 7, 11, 17.
54 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
streets in Kendale naked, except that he had a shirt on, pubhshed
the said Principle ; one of us [W.C.] both heard it, and saw him in
that immodest garbe. Miles Bateman affirmed the same before the
whole Congregation at Kendale. And George Fox pretended,
he had all from within, though his jugling was presently dis-
covered, a Concordance being sent to him from Yorke to help
his Memory. Miles Hawd in the same Congregation affirmed,
That whosoever did referre anyman to any light but that which is
within him, is a Deceiver. And being by one of us admonished
to take heed of such Blasphemy, and urged with Christs referring
to the Scriptures, and Pauls referring to the Doctrine he had
Preached before. Gal. i. 8 he Blasphemously, and in much heat
of spirit, repeated the same againe. John Audland affirmed.
No need of ovitward teaching, in discourse with us at Newcastle.
Will. Strickland told Mr. Archer, // he had never Read the Bible,
it had been better for him (pp. 21-23).
One of their Papers in the hands of one of us [W.C], wickedly
rayles thus, Away with all your conjuring studying, away 7mth all
your stage play Preaching. And tis their knowne and constant
Principle Though their grand master Fox, was not able enough in
this point but discovered his Imposture by his Concordance to the
Bible, sent him from Yorke to Kendale (p. 27).
Reader, they that live in the Countries where these people
come, or doe reside, doe know, we might discover much more
of their Principles and Practises, then what we have done : We
might pleade against them the fruits of their casting off the
Word and way of God ; and the more, because they justify them
instead of mourning for them. Such as George Fox, his cursing
of Mr. Fetherstone ; Miles Ralhead,* his cursing of master
Walker Minister of Kendale very lately in the presence of master
Archer, and Mr. Cocke. Christopher Atkinson, (a grand leader
of this people, and a Propheticall Imposter) for a good while
together, his very immodest familiarity with (to say no more)
a woman in his way, in the sight of a godly minister at Kendale,
M. Wallace. The wife of Edmund Adhngton of Kendale going
naked (November 21 1653) through Kendale streets, &c but
these we have named are the very badge of their profession ;
and we are satisfied that this will suffice to enforce that rule of
the Apostle upon every watchfull heart (from such turne away) "
(p. 48).
* Ralhead is probably a misprint for Halhead.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 55
Though not apparently successful in his modest am-
bitions at Kendal, Cole had not long to wait for prefer-
ment. By the influence of Alderman Ambrose Barnes,
Cole, who is described as " a polite man and an eloquent
preacher," became minister of St. John's, Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, on 25th March, 1652-3.*
At Newcastle-upon-Tyne Cole was an Independent,
and in 1656 he was one of two ministers who, on behalf
of their colleagues, reproached Cromwell for his supposed
encouragement of the Presbyterians. -f He was nomin-
ated as a visitor of Cromweh's Durham College in 1657,1
and in the same year was suggested for the lectureship
at Gateshead. §
From Newcastle, where he continued his controversy
with the Kendal Quakers and issued the Perfect Pharisee,
he was promoted to Preston, Lancashire, being admitted
vicar there on loth February, 1657-8. || In spite of the
Independent tendency he had shown at Newcastle, he
attended the Provincial Assembly held at Preston October
6th, 1658, and, together with Brownsword and other
Presbyterians, subscribed a statement that they intended
to put into practice in their parishes a resolution of the
Assembly on " personall teachinge."TJ
Like many of the Presbyterian clergymen. Cole was
a Royalist, and, like Brownsword, he welcomed the
Restoration by a sermon. This found its way into print
under the title of : —
* Barnes's Memoirs, pp. 129, 358 (Surtees Soc, 50).
t Barnes's Memoirs, p. 371.
X Hutchinson's Durham, i., 524.
§ Barnes's Memoirs, p. 376.
II Shaw's Plundered Ministers' Accounts, ii., 216 (Rec. Soc, 34). Henry
Newcome (Autobiography, p. 94) records a " discouraging providence " with
which " the Lord met Mr. Cole, in his removal to Preston from Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, his wife's mother going to meet them, was in the coach when it
overturned in a very dirty place, and was hurt, and died within two or three
days."
][ Shaw's Manchester Classis, p. 305 (Chet. Soc, n.s., 24).
56 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Noah's Dove with her Olive Branch : or, The happy tidings
of the abatement of tlie flood of England's civil discords. As
it was delivered in a sermon preached at Preston in the County-
Palatine of Lancaster, on the 24th of May, 1660. Being the
Publick Day of Thanksgiving for the Restoration of His Sacred
and most excellent Majesty, Charles the Second. By William
Cole, Batchelor of Divinity, and Minister of the Gospel there.
Lond., 1 661, 4to, 4 leaves, and pp. 36.*
The sermon was dedicated to Sir George Booth, and
Cole speaks of having undergone in former years " no
small amount of adversity from those present powers."
He resents the " black inputations of disaffection,
disloyalty and dissatisfaction with His Majesties suprema-
cie according to the law," and claims that the Clergy of
the County of Lancaster were famous for their Fidelity
to their Allegiance in the worst of times, and notoriously
disavowing the Titles and Triumphs of Usurpation."
He mentions his " considerable acquaintance with those
many Orthodox, Godly and Learned men whom God
hath set up as glorious Lights and Stars in this Northern
Hemisphere," and names Herle, HoUin worth, and Gee
as stars of the greatest magnitude which had finished
their course. The dedication to Sir George Booth and
the sentence in which Cole says " They are not few, nor
small afflictions and losses which myself, and some others,
have undergone now very lately, upon the account of
our objected Non-conformity," suggest that Cole was
implicated in the abortive Presbyterian rising of 1659.
After the Restoration Cole attended a meeting of ministers
at Bolton to consider what course to take with reference
to conformity. He and Mr. Ambrose " declar'd before
them all, that they could read the Common-Prayer, and
should do it, the state of their places requiring it, in which
* There is a copy in the Bodleian Library. Our extracts are from an
article by J, P. Earwaker in Preston Guardian Sketches in local history, No.
332.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 57
otherwise their service was necessarily at present at an
end. The Ministers considering the circumstances of
their Case approv'd their Proceeding. Mr. Cole (after-
wards Dr. Cole) was so forward as to Express himself
at the same time, in Words to this Purpose. Gentlemen,
I am got to my Hercules Pillars, my ne plus ultra. I shall
go no further. And indeed he was turn'd out of Preston ;
but found some stronger Motives in other Parts : For
he afterwards Conform'd, and was Lecturer at Dedham
in Essex."*
Cole was ejected from Preston in 1662, but as
he conformed later Calamy gives no separate notice
of him.
Despite Cole's brave words at the meeting of ministers,
and his sacrifice of the Preston living, his nonconformity
did not last long. Under date 17th April, 1663, John
Angier (a native of Dedham) records in his diaryj that
he had " received a letter from Dedham signifying that
there is hope Mr. Cole may be brought in to be Vicar
and Lecturer," which Angier looked " upon as a great
mercie if he can concur with a safe conscience." Cole
was appointed to the two offices, Vicar (vacant by death)
and Lecturer (vacant by nonconformity) at Dedham
6th June, 1663. His successor as vicar was appointed
22nd May, 1665, but it is uncertain whether Cole retained
the lectureship until later, though it is clear that he had
ceased to hold it before "he died. The next known
lecturer occurs in 1671. Cole died 29th September, 1674,
and was buried at Dedham ist October, his name appear-
ing in the register without any indication that he was a
clergyman. J His widow returned to Preston and was
buried there in February, 1676-7. §
* Calamy's Ace, pp. 409, 410.
t Raines MSS., xxiii., 433 (Chetham Library).
J The Rev. J. G. Given Wilson, Vicar, has kindly supphed the Dedham data.
§ Fish wick's Preston, p. 185.
58 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Jeremiah Marsden is the next of the Kendal Lecturers
known to us. According to his autobiography, quoted
by Calamy, Marsden had " an invitation to Kendal in
the year 1658."* He accepted the invitation " and
continued there about nine months, though not without
some opposition. From thence he took a journey of
two hundred miles, to try for an augmentation, and
obtained an allowance of 60I. for the first year, as Lecturer.
But was at last forced from this place, where he met
with a great many temptations to a hundred miles dis-
tance to the town of Hull." The autobiography can be
confirmed from other sources, though the formal beginning
of Marsden's lectureship was not 1658 but 1659. ^^ Sth
April, 1659, he was admitted to be " Lecturer in the
Parish Church of Kendall " | on the nomination of James
Cocke, alderman, a member of the Corporation of Kendal
in behalf of himself and others of the said Corporation,
" to whom the power of nominating a Lecturer there
doth belong."! The Lecturer's stipend, which in 1652
was only £15, was augmented by £60. The resolution
of the Committee of Augmentations, 4th April, 1659, §
reads : —
Upon consideracon had of the greatnesse of the parish of Kendall
in the County of Westmorland haveing within it eleaven Chappells
appendant to the parish Church of Kendall aforesaid to which
* An entry in the Altham Church Book (Jolly's Note Book, p. 129) suggests
that Marsden was at Kendal in 1656, it being stated under that date that the
pastor had a letter " from Mr. Marsden at Kendal, to comfort him after the
death of his wife, and shows the state of religion in that town." It is
probable however that the transcriber of the Church Book has wrongly dated
several entries on this page. Thomas Jolly's second wife died in nth October,
1654, and he did not marry his third until 8th July, 1656. She died at the birth
of Timothy Jolly of Sheffield who, according to his monumental inscription
(Manning's History of Upper Chapel, p. 44) was 56 at his death in 1714, and
was therefore born about 1658. Marsden was working in the parish of Whalley
in 1656.
t Lambeth MSS., vol. 999, p. 241.
X Lambeth MSS., vol. 968, p. 154.
§ Lambeth MSS., vol. 1004, p. 124.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 59
Chappells there belongs little or noe maintennce by reason whereof
they are destitute of able Ministers and the people inhabiting
within the said Chappelrie can not in regard of their distance
resort to the parish Church of Kendall aforesaid, It is ordered
that the sume of Three score pounds bee graunted to Mr. Jeremiah
Marsden preacher of the Gospell within ye said parish and
Chappells to hold for the space of one yeare next ensueing.
Which wee humbly Certify to his highnesse the Lord Protector
and the Counsell.
Edw. Cressett Ra: HaU Ri: Sydenha Jo: Pocock. Ri: Yong.
Though Jeremiah Marsden's connection with Kendal
was short, a httle space may be devoted to him. He
was an Independent, and, although many facts in his
history point to him having been an extremist, he seems
when in Kendal to have been at least willing to work
with the Presbyterians. On 15th July, 1659, he was
one of a number of Independent ministers who made
an agreement with some prominent Presbyterian ministers
for an accommodation between the two sects in Lan-
cashire.*
Marsden was probably born at Ashton-under-Lyne.f
where he was baptized 31st December, 1626. His father,
Ralph Marsden, who was then preacher at Ashton and
afterwards became minister of West Kirby, Cheshire,
had four sons in the ministry. Of Jeremiah Marsden's
life the fuUest account is that given by Calamy,^ based
on an autobiography entitled " Contemplatio vita misera-
bilis." This account is so interesting that we make no
apology for quoting it almost at length, adding a few
footnotes : —
It appears that his whole life was a scene of sorrows and afflictions.
He was born An. 1626 ; and while a child, he by eating unripe
* Martindale's Life, p. 128.
t Peile's Bios Reg. of Christ's College, i., 499. says he was born at Newton,
Cheshire, and Mr. Bryan Dale {Yorkshire Puritanism) gives his birthplace as
Godley, Halifax.
J Cont., p. 94^-
6o THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
fruit was brought into a Tympany, which had Hke to have been
mortaL Wlien lie was in a good measure restor'd, he was sent to
Manchester School,* in order to get learning : but there he had a
master that was too rigid. Boisterous times came soon after ;
and he improv'd but little. Then he was assisted in his learning
by his father who was a minister, &c. And at length, about
1647, his Father bestow'd the small portion that he had for him,
upon his maintenance in the University ; and he became a
pensioner in Christ's College in Cambridge, under Mr. Harrison, f
(whose pains with him and other pupils, he complains was as
slender, as his reputation otherwise) and continu'd there about
two years ; in which time he was often sick. His father died
at Neeston,! June 30 1648 where his [Jeremiah's] brother Samuel
was minister : And there he himself was for a time forc'd to
ingage in the painful employment of a paedagogue in order to
his subsistence. But at length he became an occasional preacher,
and help'd other ministers as he had invitation and opportunity.
On May 24 1654 (when he was within a year and some months
of being thirty years of age) he took a journey to London together
with his fellow-soldier in Christ Mr. Jolly. § His intention in
this journey, was to make application to the Triers, that he might
be approv'd of for the service of the Gospel, by those that were
competent judges of mens abilities. And besides a certificate
he carried with him, he had drawn up what he thought might be
sufficient for their satisfaction. But when he came to appear
before them face to face, he complains, that utterance and
courage :nuch fail'd him. They were however so indulgent to
him, as to appoint Mr. Tombes || to confer with him in private,
and he gave him such satisfaction, that upon his making a report
of what pass'd to the rest, he had their common approbation.
Both before and after this, he preach'd in divers places, and
sojourn'd for some time, in Wyrral ^ in the county of Chester,
* At Manchester Grammar School he would be contemporary with Browns-
word, Vicar of Kendal. The schoolmaster was Ralph Bridecake, who eventu-
ally became a bishop.
f Marsden was admitted pensioner 8th September, 1645, aged 19, and
matriculated 17th December, 1645 (Peile's Biog. Reg. of Christ's College, i.,
499)-
% Neston, in the Wirral, Cheshire.
§ Thomas Jolly of Altham. The Church Book says " The Pastor going to
London at the end of May, he found favour in the e5'es of the Commissioners
for the approbation of ministers" (Jolly's Note Book, p. 126).
II John Tombes, B.D., an Anabaptist, who was one of the ejected ministers
in 1662.
^ Probably at Neston, his brother's place.
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 6l
at Blackbourn, Heapey,* North AUerton, Thornton, Hahfax, and
Whaley,t and every where found that God prosper'd his labours,
to the conviction of some, and the conversion of others. He was
for Infant Baptism but was of narrow principles in admitting
to Baptism and the Lord's Supper, and blames others for their
latitude. He went afterwards into Ireland, and was for some
time a preacher there, and then return'd back to England where
he had not been long, before he had a second invitation to Ireland,
to a place call'd Carloe. But having another invitation to Kendal
in the year 1658 he accepted that. J . . . But was at last
forc'd from this place ... to the town of Hull, where he
and his family were planted in a garrison of safety, an harbour
of plenty, and amongst a number of serious Christians, both
in the Church and without, with whom he was well accepted.
After fifteen or sixteen months stay here, where he was chaplain,
he was driven by the violence of the times (after some personal
restraints) to Hague-Hall,§ with H. J. and W. and Mr. M. and
there had a good help of the society of Christians : But there
there arose a difference about the oath of allegiance, which bred
loss, trouble and prejudice. Feb. 13, 1661 he was committed
to York-Castle, 1 1 which God (he says) made become no loss to
him, but gain, each way. While at Hague, he had a call to
preach at Ardsley, for three quarters of a year or more till Bartholo-
mew Day 1662, and as he represents it as great mercy that God
was pleas'd to put it into the hearts of any to be valiant for the
truth, in such a day as that.
And his whole life afterwards, was a perfect peregrination.
About 1674 or 1675, he mentions his two and twentieth remove,
and cries out, " O my Soul, what a sojourning state hath thy
* In Leyland Parish.
t i.e., Whalley, Lancashire. He was stationed at Darwen in that extensive
parish (Nightingale's Ejected, p. 958). As early as 17th December, 1651, a
grant of £100 a year was made to " Mr. Jeremy Marsden, preacher in the
severall churches within the parish of Whaley " (Shaw's Plundered Ministers'
Accounts, ii., 22, 33). In 1654, he is described as minister of Whalley (Ibid.,
p. 40). In 1655 as "minister of the word of God within the parish of Whalley"
(ihid., p. 62), and in February, 1656-7 as " minister of Whalley . . . approved
according to the Ordinance for Approbacon of Publique Preachers " [Ibid.,
p. 171). On 29th May, 1657, he is described as " late minister of Whalley . . .
now in Ireland " {Ibid-, p. 182). To the places mentioned in the autobiography
Mr. Nightingale [Ejected of 1662, p. 444) adds Edenhall, Cumberland, where
Marsden was vicar for a short time in 1659, apparently contemporaneously
with the Kendal lectureship.
X The paragraph relating to his Kendal ministry is here omitted, having
already been quoted. [Ante, p. 58).
§ There is a Hague Hall a few miles from Wakefield.
II Raine's Depositions from York (Surtees Soc.) contains no mention of this.
62 THE OLDER NOKCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
life been ? now here, then there ; and in no abiding posture !
If ever Soul had any, thou hast cause to seek and look after a
better inheritance, in the Mansions and City that hath foundations
of God's laying ! " Afterwards, reckoning up the mercies of his
life, he mentions this as one, never to be silenc'd for Christ, by
a man, or bare law, till personal actual force did compel ; and
till that personal persecution for life call'd off, &c. He blesses
God, that tho' he was oft pursu'd and hunted for from place to
place, from the year 1662 and 1663 to 1670, and his pursuers
sometimes came so near the scent of him, as to the very next
village where he was, they yet miscarried. In his flight out of
the country, he was stopp'd at Coventry by a Constable, and
brought before the Mayor, who found no cause of detaining either
him or his. When he came to London he met with friends ;
and a good widow, with whom he and his liv'd for some time,
was very kind to him. Provision was made for him, by strangers
without seeking for it ; and once he had 5I. sent him from the
Exchange, by an unknown friend. After some time he went
to Henley, where for about a year, he preach'd in a barn. July
13, 1675, tho' he was only found reading the Scriptures, he was
taken up and sent prisoner to Oxford. He was invited to Bristol,
there to succeed Mr. Hardcastle.* And at length, after many
removes, and fourteen years continuance in or near London, he
was call'd to succeed Mr. Alexander Carmichael in Lothbury ;
and sometimes he held his meeting at Founders-Hall, and after
that, by Mr. Lye's permission at Dyers-Hall. In eighty-two he
appears troubled to hear of the restraint of Mr. Laurence Wise,
Mr. Francis Bampfield, Mr. Griffyth, and other good men in
Newgate, but would not himself desist from taking all opportuni-
ties of preaching that offer'd, till at length he himself was seiz'd,
and committed to the same prison, from whence he and Mr.
Bampfield, were much about a time, translated into a better
world, in the 58th (not the 55th) year of his age ; as appears,
from his representing himself in this manuscript as being in his
28th year. An. 1654. . . .
He was known in and about London by the name of Ralphson,
and under that name, was written against by Mr. Richard Baxter
in 1684, on the account of his rigorous separating principles,
which went so far as to run down Parish Worship as idolatrical.
* Thomas Hardcastle, one of the ejected ministers, was " pastor to a
Society of sober Anabaptists" and died 1679 (Calamy's Ace, p. 811).
KENDAL CLERGY DURING THE COMMONWEALTH. 63
To this account may be added that he was suspected
to have had a share in the Farnley Wood plot, and on
loth November, 1663, the Government issued a pro-
clamation for the arrest of, amongst others, " Jeremy
Marshden of Hughall." He was not one of the ministers
who took out licences in 1672.
Marsden was inclined to the notions of the Fifth Monar-
chists, and being known as an extremist may have been
presumed to have been connected with the Rye-house
plot. He was imprisoned in Newgate, and died there
in 1684.
In addition to the Vicars and Lecturers, there were
others who might have had some influence in moulding
the opinion of the Kendal people. The Masters of the
Grammar School would no doubt be clergymen.
On 31st March, 1653, there was " exceeding great need
of a schoolemaster att Kendall," so it was ordered that
tithes amounting to about a dozen pounds should be
granted to the Mayor and Alderman for the use of a
schoolmaster " for the encrease of his maintenance."*
John Myriell was probably the first master to benefit
by this order. He ceased to be schoolmaster at Kendal
in 1655, when he was appointed vicar or minister of
Torpenhow.j In July, 1656, an order was given that
he should receive arrears of his due as former school-
master. :|: A little later he was minister at Lamplugh,
and was one of the Associated Ministers of Cumberland
who signed the testimonial of the ordination of James
Cave§ on i6th October, 1656.
In his first edition Calamy included Myriell as having
been ejected from Lamplugh in 1662, but excluded him
from the second edition, as he conformed soon after-
* Lambeth MSS., vol. 1006, p. 394.
t Nightingale's Ejected, p. 580.
% Lambeth MSS., vol. 972, p. 569.
§ Calamy's Ace, p. 229.
64 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
wards.* Mr. Nightingale corrects Calamy by showing
that Myriell was buried 6th August, 1660. f
The next schoolmaster was Richard Jackson, for
whose maintenance grants from the tithes of Thirnbye,
Sleagill, Great Salkeld and Little Salkeld were made on
22nd November, 1655.:!: A letter written by him 15th
October, 1659, shows how the troubles of the times were
affecting men's minds — " I write among the prattle of
boys, some of whom I wish were in Queen's College, §
but their friends are uncertain in their thoughts. Some-
times, by the frowns of the times, they are persuaded to
make them mechanics ; sometimes they are for this
mart of learning, sometimes for that."||
Jackson remained in ofhce throughout the period under
notice, and in 1667 was in correspondence with Daniel
Fleming.^ He was a conformist.
In the chapelries of Kendal there must have been other
clergymen than those noticed here, but our examples,
though not exhaustive, may be taken as representative
of the ministers who in Commonwealth days officiated
in Kendal. In a later chapter, two other ministers are
named as having been ejected in 1662.
* Account, p. 161.
■f Ejected, p. 774.
X Lambeth MSS., vol., 972, p. 352.
§ The College in Oxford to which exhibitioners from the Free Grammar
School were sent.
11 Cal. S.P. Dom., 1659-60, p. 253.
iy Magrath's Flemings in Oxford, i., 168, 172, 173.
65
III.
William Brownsword, M.A., Vicar of Kendal.
WILLIAM BROWNSWORD, Vicar of Kendal at the
tV time of the passing of the Act of Uniformity,,
1662, was a noteworthy man. He was baptized at the
Collegiate Church (now Cathedral) of Manchester, 5th
March, 1625-6. His father, John Brownsword,* is almost
certainly to be identified with the John Brownsword
who married Cicely, daughter of Charles Worsley of
Manchester.! The Vicar of Kendal would thus be a
first cousin of Charles Worsley, first M.P. for Manchester,
one of Cromwell's Major-Generals and the ofiicer who-
actually took " away the bauble " when Cromwell dis-
solved the Rump.
John Brownsword was a linenweaver, I and was one of
the Elders for Manchester under the Presbyterian regime,
and frequently attended the meetings of the Classis.§
William Brownsword, whose home and family associa-
tions were with the Puritanical and Parliamentary party,
was educated at the Manchester Grammar School, of
which the High Master in his time was Ralph Bridecake,
afterwards a Bishop. Brownsword took part in the
speech-day of 1640. |1 He matriculated at Oxford, ist
April, 1642, as of Brasenose College and aged 16. ][ He
* William Brownsword's parentage has not hitherto been known. The
unindexed reference in Munimenta Alme Universitatis Glasguensis (iii., x.) is^
our authority.
t Piccope's Lancashire and Cheshire Wills, ii., 135, and Dugdale's Visitation
of Lancashire, p. 338.
} Manchester Sessions MS., p. 165.
§ Shaw's Manchester Classis, p. 21 (Chat. Soc, n.s., 20).
Ii A contemporary record of this speech day is in the possession of the School
and a transcript is in the Reference Librsiry, Manchester.
T[ Foster's Alumni Oxonienses.
F
66 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
did not stay long at Oxford, for on 13th December, 1643,
he entered Glasgow University, and subscribed the oath
as a student in the third class. In April, 1645, he sub-
scribed as one of the second class.* He next gave
Cambridge a turn, and on 24th November (or 14th
December), 1645, was admitted pensioner of Emmanuel
College, a distinctively Puritan foundation.! Dr.
Worthington adds to the note of his admission " went
from Oxford to Scotland." He graduated B.A. in 1645-6
and became M.A. in 1649. 1 It is possible also that
Brownsword had some connection with Trinity College,
as that body subsequently presented him to Kendal.
When and where he was ordained we do not know. §
The records of only two of the Lancashire Classes are
extant, and presumably Brownsword would be ordained
by one of the other Classes of the county. Probably
his first appointment was that of minister of Douglas
Chapel in Parbold, in the parish of Eccleston, Lancashire.
In 1648, while at Douglas, he signed the " Harmonious
Consent," and in 1649 the " Paper called the Agreement
of the People taken into consideration and the lawfulness
of subscription to it examined and resolved in the nega-
tive." || As both these documents were Presbyterian, it
is evident that Brownsword's sympathies were then with
that party.
In June, 1650, the Parliamentary Commissioners des-
cribed him as " a godlie painfull minister (but did not
observe the thirteenth day of this instant month, appointed
* Munimenta Alme Vniversitaiis Glasguensis iii., x., 99, 533.
t Worthington's Diary, i., 23 (Chet. Soc, 13) ; Palatine Note Book, iv., 80.
X C. H. and T. Cooper, Notes and Queries, 3rd s., iii., 68.
§ In Isaac Ambrose's diary, printed in liis Media (p. 77) under date 1647,
October i2tii, it is stated " This day I was told by a godly minister Mr. C.
that Mr. B. residing in Glasco, and lighting by Providence on my Book of the
First and Last things, it was a means (as he acknowledged) of his conversion,
at this time he was ordained minister by the L. Classis, and reported to be a
holy and able man." It is possible that this refers to Brownsword, and more
certainly he may be identified with the "Mr. W. B." who contributed to the
same author's Media (p. 405) some doggerel versions of the Psalms.
II Lancashire and Cheshire Church Surveys, p. xxii. (Rec. Soc, i).
WM. BROWNSWORD, M.A., VICAR OF KENDAL. 67
by Act of Parliament to be kept as a day of humiliation,
and had notice of it by the Constable) ."* That he did not
keep the day of humiliation shows that he was not in
entire agreement with the Government, and it is probable
enough that he was, like many of the Presbyterians, a
Royalist.
While still at Douglas (May, 1654) Browns word pub-
lished " Rome's Conviction, or a discoverie of the un-
soundness of the main grounds of Rome's religion, in
answer to a book called ' The Right Religion,' evinced
by L. B. shewing (i) that the Romish Church is not the
true and onely Catholick Church, infallible ground and
rule of Faith. (2) That the main Doctrines of the
Romish Church are damnable errors, and therefore to
be deserted by such as would be saved."
Brownsword's connection with Douglas Chapel seems
to have ended soon after the publication of Rome's
conviction. Afterwards he was at Preston, as Lecturer, j
He was resident in that town as early as 12th June, 1654,
the date of a certificate in which he is stated to be a
" person qualified to preach the Gospel, and therefore
fit to receive such augmentation as had been formerly
settled upon him or the place where he preached. "J On
the same date he obtained an order from the Com-
missioners for approbation of public preachers for the
payment of an augmentation. §
Brownsword, described as "of Preston," signed the
certificate of the presentation of Isaac Ambrose to the
vicarage of Garstang, || ist September, 1654.
When we next hear of him (October, 1656) Brownsword
stood so high in the opinion of the Provincial Assembly
that he was appointed, with Mr. Ambrose, to direct the
* Lancashire and Cheshire Church Surveys, p. ii6 (Record Soc, i).
t Nightingale's Ejected, p. 943.
X Stanning's Royalist Composition Papers, i., 257 (Rec. Soc, 24).
§ Sliaw's Plundered Ministers'' Accounts, i., 139 (Rec. Soc, 28).
!| Shaw's Plundered Ministers' Accounts, ii., 54 (Rec. Soc, 34).
68 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
ministers then resolved to be sent by each Classis to
preach in the Fylde country.* He was minister of
Hoole from about 1654 to 1658,7 but was non-resident
and still lived at Preston, seven miles away. Newcome,
under date 17th October, 1658, states that Brownsword,
riding to Hoole, from Preston " his wife behind him,
the waters being out, they were both in, and his wife
torn from him and drowned, and never found (as I could
hear of) to be buried. "J
On 29th January, 1658-9, § Trinity College agreed to
present him to Kendal. The Register does not give the
exact date of the actual presentation, but it must have
been very soon afterwards. The Lambeth MSS. || give
the following notice of his appointment : —
Kendall, Feb. 28, 1658. Know all men by these presents that
the 16 [sic] day of February, in the yeare 1658 there was exhibited
to the Commissioners for Approbation of Public Preachers a
presentation of William Brownesword clerke Master of Arts to
the Vicarage of Kendall in the County of Westmrland made to
him by the Masters Fellowes and Schollers of Trinity Colledge
in Cambridge the patrons thereof. Together &c Dated at White-
hall the i6th day of February 1658 Jo. Nye Regr."
He was admitted the same day. ^
On 7th March, i659[-6o], an order was made for the
continuance of an augmentation of £29 14s. 6d. yearly
to the church of Kendal, the maintenance being within
threescore pounds, and " the said place is a market-town,
large and populous." **
Brownsword signalized his promotion to Kendal by
* Shaw's Bury Classis, p. 146 (Chet. Soc, n.s., 41). He and Mr. Gee preached
at an exercise at Kirkham 12th May, 1657. Fishwick's Kirkham, p. 104
(Chet. Soc, 92).
t V.C.H. Lanes., vi., 153.
X Autobiography, i., 98.
§ College Register.
II Vol. 968, p. 147.
If Nightingale's Ejected, p. 945.
** Lambeth MSS., vol. 987, p. 263
WM. BROWNSWORD, M.A., VICAR OF KENDAL. 69
preaching against the Quakers, following the sermon by a
pamphlet dated 26th November, 1659, and published the
following January, entitled " The Quaker- Jesuite or,
Popery in Quakerisme : Being a Clear Discovery i.
That their Doctrines, with their Proofs and Arguments,
are fetcht out of the Council of Trent, Bellarmine, and
others. 2 That their Practises are fetcht out of the
Rules and Practises of Popish Monks. With a serious
Admonition to the Quakers, to consider their ways, and
return from whence they are fallen."
The Quaker Jesuite provoked retorts from the Friends,
who were adepts at controversy.
The Restoration found Brownsword comfortably fixed
in a position from which he did not intend to be moved.
He preached and printed a sermon or rather a paean on
the King's return. Its title was : —
Englands Grounds of Joy in liis Majesties return to his Throne
and People. A sermon on 2 Chron. 23, 20, 21. Preached at
Kyrkby Kendal, in the County of Westmerland, June 5, being
a day of publike Thanksgiving for his Majesties Union to his
Parliament, and assurance of kindness to the Nation, and his
safe arrival at London.
By William Brownsword, M.A., and Minister of the gospel there.
England's Grounds of Joy is not a common tract, and a
few extracts may not be without interest. We give the
preface in full : —
Reader
Thou mayest wonder why the day of our Thanksgiving should
be rather the fifth of June, then the twenty fourth of May ; if
the remoteness of these parts, and the miscarriage of the Parlia-
ments Order, with his Majesty's Declaration and Letters, which
we never received, will not excuse our delay ; know that there
was a providence in it, that we should stay expecting Orders,
till the Causes of our joy were encreased by His Majesty's safe
and joyful arrival in England ; So that I may say without Vanity,
That though we were as men born out of time in the Day of our
Thanksgiving, yet we were not behind others in the reallity and
70 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
degree of our Joy, having the advantage of fuller motives to the
duty. The publishing of this Sermon was not in the least in-
tended when preached ; but the earnest and reiterated desires
of the Mayor, [in margin William Potter Mayor of Kendal for the
time being, and several other persons of quality] with some
other persons of quality both in Town and Country, urging me
with the publike usefulness of it, hath obtained it from me. And
now since 'tis publike, I desire that the weaknesses of it may be
pardoned, and what is useful may be improved to thy Soul's
advantage, which that it may be through the blessing of God,
is the Prayer of
Thy servant for Jesus sake
W. B.
The preface may fitly be followed by extracts from the
Sermon itself : —
3. Ministers may rejoice ; we have been men of Contempt
and Opposition ; the Butt of all Sectarian malice, against whom
Quakers, Anabaptists, Ranters, &c have shot their arrows, even
bitter words : many have been imprisoned, some indited, some
murdered, some deprived of our maintenance for adherence to
our Oaths and Covenants against Usurpation. How low were
we when 'twas put to the Question, Whether the Ministry of
England should continue, or be laid aside ? When the of&ce
was invaded by every one who would, in order to the taking
away our respect we had from the people. But now God is
blasting our Phanatick enemies ; and we are in a way to Religious,
as well as Civil settlement. Do you therefore rejoice.
4. Let every godly true-hearted Protestant rejoice. The
greatest Plot that ever Rome had against us, is by the restoring
of his Majesty and Parliament, defeated. What probable way
was the Pope in to conquer us, when he had murdered our Prince,
dissolved our Parliament, set up his Jesuits in places of trust
in the Nation, and made them our common Teachers in every
part of the Nation, under the forms of Anabaptists, Quakers,
&c into the latter of whom he had instilled most of his abominable
principles ; together with his enmity against the Reformed
Magistracy and Ministry, and taught them to rail at the Laws
made against Jesuits by our Kings and Parliaments, as most
unjust, and unreasonable, [in margin Fox answer to Holland
papist p. ult] and to plead for a liberty for them, that they may
come amongst us and publish their Errors. But the day is
WM. BROWNSWORD, M.A., VICAR OF KENDAL. 7I
coming, and These Night-owls are already creeping into darkness,
and our Protestant Religion is by his Majesty asserted : Let us
therefoae [sic] rejoice.
These extracts do not show Brownsword in a pleasant
light. We cannot think much of the candour of a man
who, having been ordained under the " Usurpation "
and apparently continuously employed as a minister,
calmly associated himself with and appropriated the
credit of those clergymen who had really suffered for
their devotion to Church and King, and we should doubt
either the honesty or the intelligence of a man who
pretended to see the work of the Pope in the Common-
wealth and the saviour of the Protestant religion in
Charles II.
When the Act of Uniformity was passed, if not before,
Brownsword reconsidered his views on Presbyterianism
and Episcopalianism, and " did most seasonably con-
forme." His Presbyterian ordination no longer qualifying
him to hold his living, Brownsword got himself episco-
pally ordained.
Brownsword is recorded as an inn-burgess of Preston
at the Guild of 1662, three of his sons being entered
with him,* and on 6th November, 1662, he received the
freedom of the borough of Kendal at the hands of the
Mayor and Aldermen. | In the same year he earned an
honest penny, or rather five shillings, by making a trans-
script of a year of the parish register to be sent into the
Consistory Court of Richmond. J
In spite of Brownsword's ready compliance with the
requirements of the restored form of Church Government,
he did not find everything straight forward. In order
to make his position quite secure he had accepted a new
presentation to his living, and was mightily disgusted
* Abram's Preston Guild Rolls, p. 125.
t Boke of Recorde, p. 21.
t Churchwardens' Accounts, Local Chronology, p. in.
72 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
when a claim for " first fruits " followed. He wrote to
Sir Philip Musgrave a letter which Sir Philip forwarded
to Joseph Williamson. Brownsword's letter and Mus-
grave's covering letter are quoted below from the original
in the Pubhc Record Office.*
[Sir Philip Musgrave to Joseph Wilhamson.]
Sir
Though the busines of the inclosed may seem not to be in the
roade of Mr. Secretary Bennits ordinary imployment, yet as it
may in a spetial manner concerne His Majisties Service, I presume
the Knowledge of it wil not be ill recented by Him. I desire
You therfore that in my name You wil request His perusal of the
letter ; Mr. Brownsword was in His iudgement differing in some
perticulers from vs in the Church Gouerment but did most season-
ably conforme and hath giuen extraordinary testimony of the
senserity of it, as I did informe You at my being at London
particulerly of his writeing in defence of the Act for vniformety
and the vnlawfulnes of the Couenant. His preaching and Con-
versation is of excellent vse to the confutation of the Separatists
of which sort there are very many about Kendall, it was Docter
Burrels perswasion and his willingnes to compile in any thing
that was thought fit hath brought this needles charge vpon him.
If Mr. Secretary wil please by word or message to Baron Hales
in Mr. Secretaries or His Majesties name to intimate that He is
wourthy of a perticuler fauour, I will ingage He wil fully recom-
pense it in His Service to the King and Church, We shal haue
an exceeding loss if He go from that place, discouragements
ought not to be giuen to deserueing men of his profession, my
dewty to the King and Church wil I hope excuse Me, that I
giue Mr. Secretary this troble and You wil both perdon, and
promote the desire off
Yr humble Seruant
Philip Musgraue.
[Endorsed] Octob. 12. 63.
Sr Philip Musgraue.
Mr. Brounsword.
[Addressed] For Joseph Williamson Esqr Keeper of his Majesties
Papers of State at Whitehall
London.
* State Papers Domestic, Chas. II., vol. 81, Nos. 72 and 72 i. The con-
tractions of the original are extended.
WM. BROWNSWORD, M.A., VICAR OF KENDAL. 73
[William Brownsword to Sir Philip Musgrave.]
"Sir
I doubt not of your pardon, whilst by the encouragement
I haue from your many expressions of respect, I take the boldnes
to beg your assistance in deUuering mee out of some troubles
into which my owne credulity (to say no more) hath brought
mee. I acquainted you at Appleby how by the persuasion of
Dr. Burrell, and his assurance that it should bee no prejudice
to my former title to my viccaridge which I had in the yeare
1658, but a ratification of it, nor at all subject mee to the paiment
of first fruits (my feare whereof I then objected to him) I was
induced to take institution de novo from him. Nevertheles
after his departure hee certifyed into the First fruit office that I
was instituted to a vacant lining, wherevpon there haue come
downe two attachments against mee out of the Exchequer. I
haue endeavoured by a solicitor to free my selfe in the First
fruit office, but am hopeles of freedom vnles by the Barons of
the Exchequer before whom it will bee heard this next tearme.
Sir the burden is so great my first fruits being 92li and my 4
subsidies 661i, and my viccaridge at its utmost valuation but
yoli per annum* that if I cannot bee exempted from these first
fruits, I must bee forced for maintaining my selfe and family
to relinquish my lining, which I am very vnwilling to doe vpon
the account of that love I have to my people, and the preventing
that odium which is cast vpon men of our coat vpon theire
remouing. Sir I humbly entreat you (if your interest in My Lord
Chiefe Baron Hales bee such as may induce you to solicite him
for mee) that you would please to giue mee your letter to him,
to desyre what reasonable and lawfull favour hee Can do for mee.
My friend Mr. Becke with the rest of our Aldermen can assure
you (if I did not know that you were fully satisfyed of it) that
I haue beene in peaceable possession of my viccaridge since 1658,
being then presented to it by Trinity CoUedge in Cambridge,
and it seemes hard that after fiue yeares posession, and his
Majesties gratious act of Obliuion, wherein all first fruits com-
pounded or not compounded for, are freely and gratiously par-
doned, I should compound for my lining as if I were newly and
since that acte possessed of it. Sir I beg your pardon for this
* The excellent Commonwealth system of augmenting the incomes of poor
livings was discontinued at the Restoration.
74 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
tediousnes, assuring you that it shall be my constant endeavour
according to my poore ability to approue my selfe.
Your Worships
Very humble and thankfull servant
Wm. Brownsword.
Kendall Octob. 5°. 1663.
[Addressed] For the right Worshipfull and my truely honored
Friend Sir Philip Musgraue Baronet at his house
Edenhall in Cumberland
these with my seruice."
It is probable that the influence of Sir Philip Musgrave
and Joseph Williamson obtained for Brownsword the
relief he sought. He was certainly not forced to retire
from the living he loved so well, but spent the remaining
years of his life as Vicar of Kendal, harassed only by
those parishioners, who, being Quakers, would not pay
him his dues.
His conflicts with the Quakers were long and bitter.
About the year 1661
William Brownsword, priest of Kendall, demanded of Peter
Moser of Grayrigge, an Easter reckoning, which was but a very
small matter. Peter answered he could give him none, — life
and land and all first. Soon after, the said Peter was arrested
by a bayliffe (vizt.) Richard Ridley of Kendall, and carried to
priest Brownsword's house, who said : " Peter, thou said ' Life
and land and all first,' what wilt thou do now ? " Peter told
him he was of the same mind then as he was before. The priest
said again " If thou wilt pay the charges I will loose my dues."
Peter told him he never owed him anything, neither had he
(vizt. the priest) ever done anything for him, what then could
he claim as his due ? The priest said it was his own fault, then,
that would not come to hear him. Peter told him he was no
minister of Christ. The priest said, " Thou judgest not justly,
thou never earnest to hear me." Peter asked him whether ever
any Minister of Christ did imprison any as he had done, and
bid him take his Bible, and looke from the beginning to the end
thereof, and see if he could find and shew him that ever true
Minister of Christ had done as he had done. Then the Priest
laid his Bible away and said he would have it by law ; And
then by the Priest's order the bayliffe took him away to Prison
WM. BROWNSWORD, M.A., VICAR OF KENDAL. 75
to James Sutton's house in Kendall. And after a while, his
Mother (shee being none of the people called Quakers), without
his knowledge agreed with the said Priest and gave him 40
shilHngs, which when Peter was told did so exceedingly trouble
him that he was past his Ordinary food.*
Brownsword does not appear badly in this case. He
was merely collecting what was undoubtedly his by legal
right, and he was willing to relinquish his claim if Moser
would pay the costs he had already incurred. But
Brownsword evidently lost his temper at last with the
disputatious Friend and insisted on his full pound of
flesh. It will be noticed that Brownsword " thou'd "
the Friend. Was Brownsword mocking the Quaker, or
was it his usual manner of speech, or has the Quaker
scribe merely translated into Quaker phraseology the
words of the Vicar ?
In a later case, dated 1668 by Bessef and, probably
more accurately, 1671 by the Book of Sufferings quoted
by Mr. Heatherington, Brownsword appears in a less
agreeable light. Miles Bat em an the elder, Robert Barrow,
and John Fell were prosecuted in the Ecclesiastical Court
of Richmond for not paying small tithes and Easter offer-
ings, and were committed to prison. When the bailiff
went to arrest Barrow he was ill and desired the bailiff to
spare him to the next day. The bailiff went to Browns-
word to obtain permission for the arrest to be delayed,
" but the Priest being Angry said he should go forthwith
to gaol, except he would pay or some for him," though the
bailiff said it would endanger Barrow's life. The Friends
were sent to prison, Bateman for three or five weeks
(according to the different accounts), and the others for
* For this extract from the archives of the Kendal Meeting, and some other
information in this chapter, we are indebted to an interesting article on Browns-
word's Quaker Jesuite, contributed by the Rev. Lewis Heatherington to the
Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and ArchcBological
Society (n.s., v., 106). In a briefer form it appears in Besse's Sufferings,
ii., 10.
t Sufferings, ii., 18, 19.
76 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
nine. Being told of an informality in the proceedings
against them, inasmuch as Brownsword had not given
them a personal summons, the three Friends appealed to
the Ecclesiastical Court at York, and removed their cause
there and became plaintiffs, and were set at liberty during
the appeal and were " likely to recover charges of the
priest."* Dr. Burwell, of whom we have already heard,
advised Brownsword to swear that his proceedings were
just and legal. Brownsword according to the Quakers
" being willing to pollute his conscience, rather than im-
poverish his purse " acted on Dr. Burwell's advice and
then brought Citations against the Friends to summon
them to take the like oath or " else they must be in con-
tempt again." According to their principles the Friends
could not take the oath, and in the ordinary course of
events would have lost their case. " But it came to pass
that in a month's time after he [Brownsword] began to be
sick, and after two weeks sickness died, and Doctor
Burwell that gave him this Counsell died about the same
time ; thus was the priest taken away in the height of
his Strength and the rest of his Cruelty was restrained,
but it had cost Robert Barrow and John Fell 7 pounds
besides 9 weeks of false imprisonment."
The same record gives a brief account of Brownsword,
which is worth quoting : —
William Brownsword, priest of Kendall, who formerly had
served at Preston in Lancashire, and there was a leading man
amongst the Presbyterians in Oliver's days, and set forth a large
book called Room's Convictions, wherein he railed much against
the Cavalliers as he called them, saying they were the parliament's
greatest enemies, yet when the King came to his Chrown this
priest fac'd about, and tooke the Bishop's Orders, and became
an Episcopalian, though he had formerly taken the Solemn
League and Covenants.
* It is probably to this trial that the letter of Brownsword to Fleming and
Fleming's reply, dated respectively 13th and i6th February, 1671-2, refer
(Fleming Papers, p. 88).
WM. BROWNSWORD, M.A., VICAR OF KENDAL. JJ
There is little else to say about Brownsword, excepting
that perhaps to give him more time for harrying the
Quakers the magistrates granted him an order in 1667
excusing him from serving the office of petty constable
of Skelsmergh when it was his turn to serve.*
Owing to the Kendal parish register being incomplete
we cannot give the exact date of Brownsword's death
or burial, but the year was either 1672 or 1673. Browns-
word was living 13th February, 1671-2, but was probably
dead or too ill to attend to his duties on 12th May, 1672,
when one Thomas Bell was the clergyman who certified
the performance of a penance on that day in Kendal
Church, t
Brownsword had at least two wives, one, as we have
seen, having been drowned in 1658. The burial of the
* Kendal Indictment Book, 1656-1668 (19th April, 1667). It is just possible
that the Mr. Willm. Brownsword named in the order was not the Vicar but
his son of the same name, though that is unlikely as the son must have been
very young.
t Though it has no particular bearing on Brownsword or on Kendal Non-
conformity, the document from which this fact is derived is perhaps worth
printing here. The original is amongst the papers of the Archdeaconry of
Richmond, now in the office of Mr. W. H. Satterthwaite, of Lancaster. " May
9th Anno 1672. A schedule of pennance enjoynd to be performed by Thomas
Mitchell of the parish of Kendall in the Archdeaconry of Richmond and Diocess
of Chester. The said Thomas Mitchell shall be present in the parish church of
Kendall aforesaid on Sunday next after the date hereof being barehead bare
foot and bare legd having a white sheet laped about him with a white wand
in his hand where after the readeing of the gospell standing upon some forme
or seat before the pulpit or reading pew shall say after the Minister in the
fullness of the Congregacon as followeth viz
Whereas I good people forgetting my duty towards Almighty God have
comitted the detestable sin of Fornication with one Jennet Becke to the great
danger of my owne soule and the evill example of others I am therefore sorey,
And do earnestly repent for the same desireing God for Christs sake to forgive
me both this and all other offences, And everthereafter soe to assist me for that
end I deske you all here present to pray with me saying Our Father &c The
said Thomas is to certifie the performance hereof under the hands of the
Minister and Churchwardens thereupon unto us at or before the last of May
instant after the date hereof
The sayd Thomas is to perform the like Pennance in the parish church of
Grasmere the 19th of May inst Rich. Potter, Regraus
This is endorsed with a note of the performance of the penance in the parish
church of Kendal on 12 May 1672 Signed by Thom. Bell
William Kilner
William Cookson ch: wardens
and a like certificate from Grasmere
It may be mentioned that both parties, who were already man and wife,
had to perform the penance on the same days but in different churches.
78 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
other is recorded in the Kendal registers, 25th June,
1689, " Jane, wife of Mr. Wm. Brownsword, late vicar
of Kendall."
We learn from the Preston Guild Rolls the names of
four of Brownsword's sons : — John, Nathaniel, Roger,
and Wilham. The eldest son, John, M.A., born about
1654, was, from 1679 to his death in 1700, Rector of
Aughton in Lancashire. He married Elizabeth, daughter
of William Bell, M.A., ejected Vicar of Huyton in the
same county. Roger was buried at Kendal 14th June,
1687. William Brownsword, son of the vicar, was Mayor
of Kendal in 1694.* He married 9th December, 1686,
Mrs. Isabel Curwen, of Stricklandgate, and had several
children. Mr. Jennings says he was a mercer. He
lived in Stricklandgate, probably in Brownsword House,
afterwards known as the Pack Horse Inn. This house,
in which James I. is said to have passed a night, was
demolished in 1907 to make way for the Carnegie Public
Library.! William Brownsword the younger was buried
at the Parish Church 17th August, 1698. The family
remained in Kendal at least until the third quarter of the
eighteenth century. In 1730 administration of the goods
of Joseph Brownsword, shearman, was granted to a
creditor, in March, 1738-9, Charles Brownsword ad-
ministered the estate of his unmarried sister Jane, and
in March, 1741-2, Jane Brownsword administered the
estate of her husband, Charles Brownsword, gentleman,
(buried i6th February, 1741-2, as of Highgate), all the
parties being described as of Kirkby Kendal. " Mr.
Nathaniel Brownsword of Stricklandgate aged 66," who
was buried at Kendal 9th September, 1763, was a son
of the Mayor.
Trinity College had difficulty in finding a successor to
Brownsword. On 9th September, 1673, Richard Tatham,
* Boke of Record, p. 36.
t Kendal Free Press, June, 1907. C. Nicholson's Annals, p. 129.
WM. BROWNSWORD, M.A., VICAR OF KENDAL. 79
of Christ's College, was presented, but seems not to have
accepted. On 22nd November, 1673, George Loup,
Loupe or Loope, was presented, but he also declined
the living. On loth March, 1673-4, Michael Stanford
was appointed vicar, although he held the living of
Aldingham. The date of Stanford's appointment is
usually given as 1672. He was buried at Kendal 4th
March, 1682-3. On 21st March, 1682-3, Thomas Murga-
troyd. Fellow of Trinity, was presented on the death of
Michael Stanford.*
* College Register.
8o
IV.
The Act of Uniformity, 1662.
OUR survey of the ministers of Kendal during the
Commonwealth shows that for almost a generation
before the passing of the Act of Uniformity in 1662, the
pulpits were filled by men who were, or were supposed
to be, favourable to Presbyterianism or Independency,
or at anyrate were not sufficient strong in their Episco-
palianism to be obnoxious to the then ruling powers.
Brownsword was indeed an active Presbyterian, and
though he conformed he did so in opposition to the
whole tenor of his earlier life. Cole and Marsden were
Independents. The whole trend of the influence of these
men should have been to make Nonconformists when
the occasion arose. Yet we do not find that the Non-
conformists, apart from the Quakers, were at first parti-
cularly strong in Kendal. One reason for this would be
Brownsword' s own conformity, and another, and perhaps
more potent one, was the existence of the Quakers who
had, before 1662, drawn into their Society the bulk of
those who would otherwise have made the stanchest
Nonconformists. The Friends were, of course. Noncon-
formists, but theirs is not the nonconformity of which
we are writing. The Act of Uniformity of 1662 (13 and
14 Charles II., chap. 4) contained three sections of great
importance. Section 4 required every clergyman of the
Church of England to declare his unfeigned assent and
consent to everything in the Prayer Book. Section 9
required subscription to a declaration against the law-
fulness of taking up arms against the king, and
Section 21 provided that no person then incumbent or
in possession of any parsonage, vicarage, or benefice.
THE ACT OF UNIFORMITY, 1662. 81
and who was not already in holy orders by episcopal
ordination, or should not before the Feast Day of St.
Bartholomew be ordained priest or deacon, according
to the form of episcopal ordination, should have, hold
or enjoy the said parsonage, vicarage, benefice with cure,
or other ecclesiastical promotion within the kingdom of
England or the dominion of Wales or town of Berwick
upon Tweed, but should be utterly disabled, and (ipso
facto) deprived of the same and all his ecclesiastical
promotions should be void, as if he was naturally dead.
The fourth section troubled some of the clergymen who
were loth to subscribe their belief in a book they had only
been allowed a few days to digest, and the ninth section
was one many were unable to subscribe as it was a con-
demnation of their own actions during the Civil War,
but the twenty-first section seems to have been the one
which caused most of the Nonconformists to renounce
their livings. It indeed implied that their whole ministry
had been carried on under a pretended ordination, and
that ordination they held to be valid and would not do
anything to imply the contrary.
The clergy of Westmorland did not, as a rule, find that
their convictions prevented them retaining their benefices
when the Act of Uniformity came into force. Browns-
word, as we have seen, conformed and remained Vicar
of Kendal, but Calamy mentions two clergymen as having
been ejected within the parish. One of these was John
Wallace or Wallis, M.A., of whom Calamy says he
" preached for some time in Kendal Church but is reported
to have been of so scandalous a life in several respects,
that his memory is not worth preserving : And yet I
was not willing wholly to omit him, least it should be
charg'd upon me as Partiality."*
Mr. Nightingale's researches have shown that Calamy
was mistaken in stating that Wallace was ejected in
* Calamy's Ace, p. 753.
82' THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Kendal parish. Probably, however, Calamy is correct in
his statement that Wallace was at Kendal, and it is ex-
tremely probable that he was Lecturer for some time.
Certainly the Perfect Pharisee mentions " a godly minister
at Kendale, M. Wallace,"* and John Wallace was one of
the witnesses to W. Baldwinson's testimony dated 14th
January, i653[-4],"j' the two other witnesses being the
Vicar and the Schoolmaster of Kendal, and the same
John Wallace signs a document dated " Kendale Jan. 14
1653."+ It would appear that Wallace was at this time
already Rector of Grasmere, being presented 28th July,
1653, and admitted 21st April, 1654. In the following
year he was tried for a rape on Clara Barwis, and was
acquitted, but the subsequent conviction of the same
woman for fornication with John " Wallas," i probably
justified Calamy's strictures on Wallace's character.
Wallace ceased to be Rector of Grasmere in 1656, and
shortly afterwards became minister of the sequestered
living of Heversham. In 1661 the sequestered Vicar
again enjoyed his own, and Wallace was ejected.
Wallace remained in the neighbourhood, and showed
the thoroughness of his nonconformity by continuing his
ministrations. In April, 1663, he was presented at the
General Sessions " for not readinge the order of Comon
prayer," and was bound over to appear at the next
Sessions. Naturally he was suspect by the magistrates,
and when the Kaber Rigg " plot " was afoot Wallace
was arrested for his supposed complicity in it. In
January, 1664, he was committed to prison under the
Act of Uniformity, § the magistrates evidently being
unable to discover that he had any connection with the
rebellion. The section of the Act of Uniformity under
* We quote from the 1653 edition. Mr. Nightingale quoting from tlie 1654
edition has the name Wall;er instead of Wallace [Ejected, p. 934).
t Nightingale's Ejected, pp. 936-937.
% Nightingale's Ejected, p. 1063.
§ Cal. S.P. Dom., 1663-4, P- 340-
THE ACT OF UNIFORMITY, 1662. 83
which he received his sentence of three months would be
the 2ist, which provided for that term of imprisonment
in the common gaol for any person disabled by the Act,
who preached any lecture or sermon.
It is just possible that Wallace is identical with the
" Brother Wallis " who, on nth August, 1670, " helped
in prayer " at a meeting at George Larkham's house at
Tallantire,* but the identification is doubtful as there
appear to have been several Wallaces and Wallises in
the neighbourhood of Cockermouth.
The other Kendal minister mentioned by Calamy as
having been ejected was Mr. Greenwood, of Hutton. He
says " He was much valu'd as a Preacher. But accused
of some things that were scandalous, by which his
memory is blackeu'd.""}"
Again we are indebted to Mr. Nightingale for some
particulars of this ejected minister. James Greenwood
was appointed minister at Old Hutton in 1654, 3-i^d in
1655 he was instrumental in punishing a disorderly ale-
housekeeper. In 1658 a Quaker was committed for
disturbing his congregation. J There is nothing in this
record to blacken his memory, and all further knowledge
of him is lost. There was a person of the same name
who took out a licence in 1672, but his locality was so
remote from Westmorland as to make identification very
improbable. This James Greenwood took out licences
to be a Presbyterian teacher at Barton Farme, near
Bath, and at Weaver's Hall, Cirencester. § The petitioners
at Bath had asked that Greenwood might be licensed to
St. James's or St. Michael's Church in Bath, both vacant
and not endowed. || Possibly Greenwood is the Mr.
Greenwood who in 1682 accompanied Oliver Heywood
* Christian Reformer, 1824, p. 94.
t Calamy's Ace, p. 752.
X Nightingale's Ejected, p. 999.
§ Lyon Turner's Original Records, pp. 240, 245.
i| Ibid., p. 244.
84 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
on his visit to Kellet,* and the "Mr. James Greenwood"
whose wife was buried at Bolton-le-Sands i8th March,
1686-7. t
Not in Kendal alone but throughout the county of
Westmorland, Nonconformity, as measured by the
number of ejected ministers, was weak. Calamy mentions
only Timothy Roberts of Barton, Mr. Greenwood of
Hutton, Christopher Jackson of Crosby on the Hill,
Christopher Langhorne of Askham, and John Wallis
of Kendal, all of whom remained Nonconformists, Thomas
Dodgson of Ravenstonedale, Francis Higginson of Kirkby
Stephen, John Dalton of Shap, and George Fothergill of
Orton, who conformed after their ejection, and John
Smith of Kirkby Lonsdale, of whose later career Calamy
knew nothing.!
A contemporary explanation of the fewness of Non-
conformists among the Westmorland clergy is given in
a document written in 1669 : — §
We have in Westmoreland perhaps fewer clergy who have been
deprived of their livings than most of the other counties in
England : not because they favoured Episcopacy ; for they did
not ; but on different motives they have mostly conformed.
The gentry have exerted themselves to the utmost, in their
respective neighbourhoods, to prevent Nonconformity. The
most active in this matter are as follows. — In the East Ward,
the Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery, who con-
stantl}^ resides here, being three months at each of her castles :
viz. the spring at Brough ; the summer at Pendragon ; the
autumn at Brougham ; and the winter at Appleby. She diffuses
her charity where it is wanted, and has great influence amongst
the Clergy. — Also the Musgraves of Hartley Castle ; the Dents
of Hilbeck Hall ; the Dalstons of Smardall Hall ; the Sandfords
* Yorkshire Genealogist, ii., 52.
t Parish Register.
% Calamy's Ace, 752-753- John Smith and Kirkby Lonsdale are included
by Calamy in tlie list for Lancashire instead of Westmorland.
§ The original manuscript was " in the hands of a gentleman in the county
of Westmoreland " in 1775, when a copy of it was communicated to the Rev.
Samuel Palmer, who printed it in 1803 in the second edition of his Noncon-
formist's Memorial (vol. iii., preface p. iv.).
THE ACT OF UNIFORMITY, 1662. 85
of Ormside and Hougill castles ; have all endeavoured to pre-
vent Nonconformity. — In the West Ward, the following nobility
and gentry are exerting themselves in favour of Episcopacy :
viz. Lord Clifford at Ashby ; the Nevisons at Newby ; the
Thwaites at Naddle ; the Tathams at Asham ; and the Flemmings
at Crosby. In Kendal Ward, the Flemmings at Rydall ; the
Phillipsons of Ambleside ; the Stricklands of Syzergh (who are
papists) ; the Belinghams of Levons ; the Willsons of Dalham
Tower, &c. In Lonsdale Ward, the Wilsons of Casterton ; the
Mydeltons, Middleton Hall ; the Otways and the Braithwaites,
are all exerting themselves. After such united force, we cannot
expect the Dissenters to be much encouraged. Conformity is
not by choice, but by constraint. — Mr. Francis Higginson, of
Kirkby Steven ; Mr. John Dalton of Shap ; Mr. Thomas Dodgson
of Ravenstonedale, are all conformed ; and the generality of my
acquaintances think much against their inclination.
It is obvious that the writer of this letter was not
without bias, and he omits to mention the noblemen and
gentry who were not unfavourable to nonconformity.
Lord Wharton, for instance, must have been a tower of
strength for dissent, and we cannot imagine that the
Catholic landowners would be particularly anxious to
prevent dissensions amongst Protestants. The letter, in
fact, misses what to us appears the essential factor in
the early history of Westmorland Nonconformity, that
is the influence of the Quakers.
V.
Persecution and Indulgence, 1662-1672.
BUT for the interest taken in the dissenters by the
magistrates, the period from 1662 to 1672 would be
almost a blank in the history of Kendal nonconformity.*
That there were nonconformists in the district we
know, and when the Kaber Rigg " rebellion " was being
arranged and suppressed, the authorities had their sus-
picions of the two Archers, and directed that they should
be secured or at least confined to their houses, and Captain
French, Wallace the ejected minister, and others, about
twenty in all, were arrested or imprisoned. In the
actual rebellion the Kendal nonconformists took no part.
The story of the rising from its origins to its coUapse on
12th October, 1663, and of the subsequent proceedings
by which the ringleaders lost their lives, is told in a paper
read before the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian
and Archaeological Society, j
The most strenuous local dissenters were, undoubtedly,
the Quakers, who were constantly in trouble for various
offences resulting from their peculiar views. They
certainly fought the good fight of religious equality
like men, and never flinched though the prison was
their inevitable doom. From a Quaker source^ we
learn of persecutions which, one would think, were not
confined to the Friends. In 1664 the Mayor of Kendal
* The principal authorities for the period are the letters of Daniel Fleming,
Esq., of Rydal (afterwards Sir Daniel), as abstracted and published in the
Fleming Papers (Hist. MSS. Comm.) and the Calendars of State Papers.
They were addressed to Sir Joseph Williamson.
t The Kaber Rigg Plot, 1663. By Francis Nicholson, F.Z.S. {Cumb. and
West. Aniiq. and Arch. Society, n.s., xi.).
% Besse's Sufferings, ii., 17.
PERSECUTION AND INDULGENCE, 1662-1672. 87
caused the goods of many inhabitants of the town to
be distrained, for their absence from pubhc worship.
So unpopular was this action that the neighbours would
not buy the goods at auction, " nor could the Justices
get them sold at any rate, till by bidding for them them-
selves, they animated some mean people to buy them
at a very low price."
In May, 1664, Sir Wihiam Blakeston informed Wilham-
son that the dissaffected in Westmorland intended a
rising soon. " They ride up and down, and are super-
cihous and obstinate," he says.* The " rising " so con-
fidently predicted by Sir Wilham never occurred. The
" supercilious and obstinate " ones were in that month
having directed against them the very severe Act of 16
Charles II. "to prevent and suppress seditious con-
venticles," which was passed in May, 1664, and came
into force in July ist. This Act, which was to remain
operative for three years, declared that an Act of 35
Elizabeth was still in force, and provided
further and more speedy remedies against the growing and
dangerous practises of seditious sectaries, and otlier disloyal
persons, who under pretence of tender consciences, do at their
meetings contrive insurrections, as late experience hath showed.
The remedies were that if any person of sixteen years
and upwards should
be present in any Assembly, Conventicle, or Meeting, under
colour or pretence of any Exercise of Religion, in other manner
than is allowed by the Liturgy or practise of the Church of
England ... at which Conventicle, Meeting or Assembly
there shall be five persons or more assembled together over and
above those of the same household,
they should be liable to three months' imprisonment in
the gaol or House of Correction, or to be fined £5, to be
paid to the churchwardens for the relief of the poor. For
* Cal. S.P. Dom., 1663-4, P- 59°.
55 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
a second offence the penalty was six months' imprison-
ment or £io. For the third, they were to be committed
to Quarter Sessions, and if there found guilty were to be
transported beyond the seas to any of his Majesty's
Foreign Plantations, except Virginia and New England.
Their goods and lands might be sequestered to pay the
expenses or they might be indentured as servants, but
a payment of ;(^ioo would free them from other penalties.
The persons in whose houses or barns conventicles were
held were liable to the same penalties. Married women
were not to be transported, but in lieu were to be im-
prisoned for 12 months or fined £40. Suspected houses
might be searched for conventicles, but the houses of
peers were only to be searched by warrant from the King
under sign manual. An interesting class distinction is
that no person worth £5 yearly of freehold or copyhold
land or worth ;;^5o personalty was to be committed to the
House of Correction.
Daniel Fleming had expressed his pleasure at seeing
so " smart an Act against conventicles,"* but, so far as
we know, did not immediately begin the pious work of
fining men into conformity. Indeed, he seemed to need
that gentle pressure from above, which did not come
until the Conventicle Act had been in force for some
months.
On 25th March, 1665, the Government, by the hand of
the Earl of Clarendon, sent a letter to the Justices of the
Peace in Westmorland exhorting them "to do their
duty to the King, and especially to free the country from
seditious persons and unlawful conventicles. "|
Perhaps as the result of this letter we find the Mayor
of Kendal (John Beck), in 1665, sending " his officers to
summon all the Quakers, and other non-conformists in
* Cal. S.P. Dom., 1663-4, P-
■f Fleming Papers, p. 35.
PERSECUTION AND INDULGENCE, 1662-1672. 89
the Town, before him, but none appeared, except twenty
Quakers," who were all either fined or imprisoned.*
The Conventicle Act, directed against the laity, was
followed in 1665 by the Oxford or Five Mile Act, directed
against the ministers, and enlarging the penalties already
in force against them under the Act of Uniformity. The
Five Mile Act is entitled " x\n Act for restraining Non-
conformists from inhabiting Corporations." It stated
that
divers parsons, vicars, curates, lecturers and other persons in lioly
orders liave not declared their unfeigned assent and consent
to the use of all things contained and prescribed in the Book
of Common Prayer,
and that
they or some of them, and divers other person or persons, not
ordained according to the form of the Church of England, and as
have, since the Act of Oblivion, taken upon them to preach in
unlawful assemblies, conventicles or meetings, under colour or
pretence of exercise of religion contrary to the laws and statutes
of this Kingdom, have settled themselves in diverse corporations
in England, sometimes three or more of them in a place, thereby
taking an opportunity to distil the poisonous principles of schism
and rebellion into the hearts of his majesty's subjects, to the great
danger of the church and kingdom.
It was therefore enacted that each of these persons should
swear that it was not lawful upon any pretence whatso-
ever to take arms against the king, and that he would
not at any time endeavour any alteration of government
either in church or state.
Section III. enacted that such persons as shall take
upon them to preach in any unlawful assembl^^, shall not
unless only in passing upon the road, come or be within five miles
of any city or town corporate, or borough that sends burgesses
to the Parliament ... or within five miles of any parish,
* Besse's Sufferings, ii., 17.
go THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
town or place, wherein he or they have since the act of obhvion
been parson, vicar, curate, stipendiary or lecturer or taken upon
them to preach in any unlawful assembly
before they had subscribed the oath, already mentioned,
before the Justices of the Peace, upon forfeiture for every
such offence, the sum of forty pounds of lawful English
money.
Section IV. was intended, under the same penalty, to
prevent the ministers and others who did not frequent
divine service established by the laws, teaching any
public or private school or taking any boarders or tablets
that are taught or instructed by him or herself. Section
V. provided for the imprisonment for six months of those
who refused to take the oath. To encourage informers
they were to receive a third of the money penalties
inflicted under the Act.*
The machinery devised for crushing dissent was now
complete, and was at first so ineffective that in January,
1665-6, Sir Philip Musgrave informed Lord Arlington,
that the " Nonconformists hold their meetings in spite
of authority, and are better horsed than the rest."t
In August, 1666, Fleming, acting on an order from
Lord Delamere, arrested George Walker of Kendal,
surgeon, and caused his house to be searched for " fanatick
letters and papers," but without making any discoveries.^
Walker had two years before been committed on a charge
of high treason. Fleming describes him as a " kind of
Quaker, yet much imployed by most sorts of recusants.
Hee is a person as likely for an intelligence as most we
have in this countrey." The Quakers were, in August,
1666, suspected by Sir Philip Musgrave to be " agitating
some rebellious design." §
* This encouragement of the informer was a usual feature in old Acts of
Parliament. At a time when there were no police it was regarded as necessary
to secure the operation of the Act.
t Cal. S.P. Dom., 1665-6, p. 205.
J Fleming Papers, pp. 39, 40.
§ Cal. S.P. Dom., 1666-7, P- 54-
PERSECUTION AND INDULGENCE, 1662-1672. QI
In the following month, on September 2nd, 1666,
began the Great Fire of London. The connection of this
event with Westmorland affairs does not, at first glance,
seem very close, but the nerves of the magistrates were
evidently unstrung. " Not knowing what influence the
fire in London might have amongst the discontented,"
Mr. Daniel Fleming* called together his foot company in
Kendal, and communicated with the Colonel, who in-
formed the Deputy Lieutenants and the Earl of
Carlisle. The various companies of foot were called out
and stationed in the principal towns and villages of the
two counties, and all suspected persons were secured,
but were soon ordered to be released and the troops were
disbanded — all before the 15th of the month, when
Fleming informed Williamson of what had been done,
and took the opportunity of telling him that the release
of George Fox " will much discourage the justices from
acting against Quakers." Two months later the trained
bands were again drawn up to defend the northern
counties against the " Galloway rebels," as Fleming
called the Covenanters. These said Galloway rebels
" declare for liberty of conscience and freedom from
taxes, pretences," which, in the opinion of the worthy
magistrate, " may work ill in England. "| The trained
bands were soon dismissed, but were to be ready on
summons at an hour's warning. On the same occasion
the King issued an order| (dated 27th November, 1666)
to the Lord Lieutenants of all the northern counties
to take into custody " all disaffected and dangerous
persons within their lieutenancies and cause others who,
though less active, are still suspected, to give sufficient
security for their peaceable demeanour ; also to keep
a vigilant eye on the carriage of all whose actions are
* Cal. S.P. Dom., 1666-7, p. 127.
t Cal. S.P. Dom., 1666-7, p. 289.
j Cal. S.P. Dom., 1666-7, P- 293.
92 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
doubtful, and give a particular account of whatever may
happen." The Lord Lieutenants evidently regarded
this order as directed against the Papists and not against
the Nonconformists, as one might have expected con-
sidering that the occasion of the order being given was
a rebellion of Presbyterians. Fleming informed William-
son on December 7th that " these two counties are issuing
warrants on the proclamation against Papists." In
January,* 1666-7, Fleming reports that the churchwardens
and constables had presented the names of all Popish
recusants in Cumberland and Westmorland at the
Quarter Sessions, and that most of the magistrates
were very hot against them, the late letter from Paris
communicated to the King by the Lord Mayor and
spread abroad by Presbyterian means, having inflamed
the zeal of all against the Papists. He then expresses a
hope that the " rabble of nonconformists will not escape ;
they have added to the flame by their declamations and
other acts of insinuation." Sir Philip Musgrave thought
it worth his while to have spies amongst the malcontents
of various kinds. Writing in June, 1667, j he says he
has for three years kept " one or more persons in fee, to
give intelligence of what passes among factious people,
and has spent £20 therein." Apparently he was not
very well served by his spies, but in August, 1667, J he
was able to inform Williamson that the " fanatics," whom
he had previously described as the " bad people " were
talking about the King being a Papist, and " that it is
publicly discoursed among them that they will rise in
arms for defence of religion, and oppose the King and
the Popish party." In May, 1668, § the trained bands
went into training at Penrith. " It is not amiss," writes
* Cal. S.P. Dom., 1666-7, P- 461.
t Cal. S.P. Dom., 1667, p. 145.
J Cal. S.P. Dom., 1667, p. 409.
§ Cal. S.P. Dom., 1667-8, p. 406.
PERSECUTION AND INDULGENCE, 1662-1672. 93
D. Fleming, " for us to be awake at such a time as this,
when all sorts of nonconformists are so active, they are
not to be feared, yet they should not be despised, for too
much security has often done harm." In August of the
same year Fleming wrote to Williamson complaining
about the release of a leading Quaker, Mrs. Fell, widow
of the Judge, and afterwards wife of George Fox.* " Mrs.
Fell," he says,
haveing her discharge from her easy imprisonment, doth not a
little encourage that rabble fanaticks, and discourage all magis-
trates for acting against them. I observe it is now become a
generall policy to comply with the nonconformists. I am sure
it much encreases their number and I fear that it will much
encrease their confidence in desireing. I wish that less then
all may fully please them, which if it do, then I wiU say they
are not of the brood of the old presbiterian verbum sat.
Fleming, who had thought a fire in London a good
reason for calling out the trained bands in Westmorland,
was in May, 1669,7 fuh of suspicions " that the pre-
biterians &c have been and are now designing some
mischief," and he proceeds to give the reasons for his
suspicions, the first being " the late boldness of the
highway men in divers places," and the second being
" the many false rumors and reports — one of their ancient
policies — which wee have had of late in these parts."
In June, 1669, Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, i endeavoured to stir up the djdng flames of perse-
cution. He mentions that
the King of late speaking in public against conventicles, after
laying some blame upon the bishops for their want of care,
declared that henceforward they should not want the assistance
of the civil magistrate to suppress them. He desires that enquiry
be made in every diocese what conventicles are held in every
* Fleming Papers, p. 58. Cal. S.P. Dom., 1667-8, p. 546.
t Fleming Papers, p. 63.
t Fleming Papers, p. 64.
94 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
parish, what are the numbers that usually meet at them and upon
what hope the people thereat look for impunity.* When any
such conventicles cannot be hindered by the bishops, complaint
is to be made to the nearest justice of the peace, and any negligence
on their part is to be certified to the King.
The Archbishop's letter is addressed to his brother of
York, but as a copy exists among the Fleming papers,
there is little doubt that it was intended to be and was
actually distributed to the magistrates. The Judges
also were doing their best to enforce the laws against
the Nonconformists. We learn from a letter, dated 30th
August, 1669, written by Christopher Musgrave, then at
Carlisle, to Williamson that " Baron Turner gave in
[his] charge the law against conventicles, and the justices
have issued out their warrants for presenting those who
are absent from church and will proceed upon the statute
for 12 pence a Sunday, which they conceive the best
way to reclaim the rabble. "|
Musgrave's letter presumably refers to Cumberland,
as does a letter;]: dated 6th January, 1669-70, written
by his father. Sir Philip Musgrave, and stating that " the
Nonconformists are more numerous and met more openly,
during the sitting of Parliament than at any other time,
and it is supposed the hope of indulgence had this effect."
In Westmorland Daniel Fleming was endeavouring to
carry out the laws, and on February 9th, 1669-70, he gave
this report § of his success to Williamson : —
Wee have had lately in this countrey a great conventicle of
Indipendents &c to the number — as I am informed — of 200 in
the night-time and at the house of George Archer, one very active
in the late rebellion and still a stif non-conformist. So soon as
I heard thereof, I drew a warrant against so many of them as we
* The returns asked for have been printed in Prof. Lyon Turner's
Records, p. 173. They are very imperfect, those referring to Kendal Deanery
mentioning Qualvers only.
t Cal. S.P. Dom., 1668-9, P- 466.
% Cal. S.P. Dom., 1670, p. 7.
§ Fleming Papers, pp. 68, 69.
PERSECUTION AND INDULGENCE, 1662-1672. 95
could discover and got the mayor of Kendall, and some other
of this countrey justices to joyne with me therein, though some
of our fellow-justices refused, which gives some encouragement
here unto the fanatickes. Wee have ordered them to be brought
before us next Saturday at Kendall, where wee intend to examine
the fact, and to bind over the offenders unto the next quarter
sessions where they shall be all indicted, if wee receive not in the
interim, orders to the contrary. I know very well the boldness
and numerousness of those people in this countrey, and their
great disaffection to the present governement, both in church
and state ; therefore — so long as I am in authority — I intend
to watch their actings and to helpe to punish them when they
shall offend, and herein I hope to receive encouragement from
above.
It is observed here by divers that these fanaticks are growne
of late much bolder than they were formerly, and that severall
non-conforming ministers do ride to and againe and make a
bustle, as if they were designeing some more mischeif, which
I believe to be the more probable, since of late wee have many
odd reports and rumors spread amongst us. I am confident
the late clashings between the Lords and Commons, and the
Generall's death, have much encouraged them, and I am assured,
if the King ever trust them, they will deceive him.
The Kendal Indictment Book for 1669-1691* enables
us to give names of many of the people who were present
at this " great conventicle of Indipendents &c," which
was held on 23rd January, 1669-70, at George Archer's
house in Kirkland. The persons indicted for assembling
to worship contrary to the form of the English Church
were Abraham Garner, mercer ; William Sill, linen-
draper, and Sarah his wife ; Agnes, wife of John Pearson,
yeoman ; John Sutton, woolman, and Dorothy his wife ;
Dorothy, wife of James Sutton, yeoman ; Alice Hadwen,
spinster ; Mary [or Maria] Cock, spinster ; Agnes Wood-
burne, widow ; Hannah, wife of James Halehead, currier ;
John Phillipson, cordwainer ; Emma Brathwait, widow ;
Thomas Mitchel, yeoman, and Margaret his wife ; Isaac
* Now in the custody of John Bolton, Esq., Clerk of the Peace, to whom
we are indebted for access to the original.
96 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Gruell, hardwareman ; Eleanor, wife of William Warriner,
yeoman ; John Thwaits, cordwainer ; John Garnett,
mercer ; Mary [or Maria] , wife of John Foster, mercer ;
William Leece, yeoman ; all of whom are described as
of Kirkby Kendall ; James Cock, senior, of Birkhagg in
Kendall parke, mercer, and George Archer of Kirkland,
cordwainer. The Sessions were held on 15th April, and
many of the defendants were duly fined, five shillings
being the usual fine, but Garner and Garnett were each
fined ten shilhngs, and George Archer was mulcted in
the sum of twenty shillings.
Daniel Fleming apologetically chronicles* this very
tame result : —
A true bill having been found against 20 of the conventiclers who
were indicted at the quarter sessions for a riotous and unlawful
assembly, and it being demanded whether they would submit
or traverse, after a little discourse they adopted the former and
were fined from 20s to 5s each. We should not have run so low
had we not heard that the Conventicle Act is very moderate,
and I hope this general submission will do good in this country,
where there are so many fanatics.
The new Act against conventicles which Fleming
heard was " very moderate," was passed on May nth,
1670. Its provisions included a fine of 5s. for the first
offence and los. for the second on all persons over 16
years of age who attended a conventicle at which there
were assembled more than five persons besides the
members of the family, a fine of £20 on the preacher and
the same on the tenant or owner of the house where the
assembly took place. For the encouragement of the
Justices, they were to be fined £100 if they neglected
their duty.
The intention of the new Act would please Sir Philip
Musgrave, for earlier in the year he had been confiding
* Cal. S.P. Dom., 1670, p. 164.
PERSECUTION AND INDULGENCE, 1662-1672. 97
to Daniel Fleming his hopes that Parhament would make
some effectual law for preventing the increase of Non-
conformity.* After the Act was passed he appears soon
to have discovered that it was not so very effective, though
he regarded it as " evident that the Dissenters are very
angry at the new Act against conventicles, and speak
big words." The Quakers did more than this for in
Westmorland they openly flouted the Act by meeting
numerously each Sunday after it came into force, f They
were to reap their reward at the Assizes, as Fleming^
informed Williamson on August 19th,
Wee have gott our assizes over at Carlisle and Appleby without
anything extraordinary in them, and all newes that I can intimate
unto you is verj^ good ; viz : little or nothing. Your smart
actings at London against conventiclers have given us so good an
example, as wee are following it in this countrey as well as wee
can. Wee have convicted many Quakers and are levying of their
fines which makes some of them come to church and in time
will — I hope — make many more conform. Our Independents
keep close and are cunning, they not exceeding the number
mentioned in the Act. And after wee have rooted all con-
venticles, the levying of I2d for every Sunday will I hope bring
them to church. It is as clear as the day that nothing will
convince them of their errors so soon as the drawing of money
from them ; for a great part of their religion — notwithstanding
their great zeal and fair pretences — is tyed to their purs-strings.
If you can make good your ground in London — and in the great
townes — -against these fanaticks, and not be quite tyred out
with them, I am confident wee shall do well anough with them
here in the countrey ; since wee have made them give back
already and doubt not in a short time to rout them.
At the two next Sessions, held in Kendal [October,
1670, and January, 1670-1], the Independents and
Presbyterians seem to have escaped the attentions of
the magistrates, who, however, had to deal with large
* Fleming Papers, p. 69.
t Cal. S.P. Dom., 1670, p. 256.
J Fleming Papers, p. 71.
gS THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
parties of Quakers which had met at the house of
Christopher Birkett of Underbarrow, the house of John
Thompson in Crook, and the house of Miles Bateman
in Crook. The Quakers were smartly fined, the principal
offenders as much as £20.*
In November, 1671, Fleming wrote to Williamson : — |
Our conventiclers are at present pretty quiet, since wee are now
and then fineing of them as well to let them know that wee are
awake and observe their actings as to remember them that the
Act against conventiclers is still in force against them.
The Nonconformists were now to have a brief respite
from persecution. On 15th March, 1671-2, King Charles
II. issued his famous Declaration of Indulgence. In the
exercise of " that supreme power in ecclesiastical matters,"
which he claimed was inherent in him, he suspended the
operation of all manner of penal laws, in matters ecclesi-
astical, against whatsoever sort of Nonconformists or
Recusants, and promised to allow a sufficient number
of places for the use of such as do not conform to the
Church of England, to meet and assemble in order to
their public worship and devotion. This, the essential
part of the Indulgence, was prefaced with protestations
as to his zeal for the Church and admissions that the
coercive measures of the previous years had failed in
their purpose. The Indulgence was undoubtedly a
straining of the royal prerogative, but it offered so favour-
able an opportunity for the renewal of public worship
and public preaching that all but the most extreme
Dissenters availed themselves of it. The issue of the
Indulgence was somewhat of a shock to those magistrates
who had been active in putting the law into force against
the Dissenters. Fleming wrote, on April 12th, to
Williamson : — J
* Westmorland County Records, Kendal Order Book, 1669-1696.
\ Fleming Papers, p. 86. Cal. S.P. Dom., 1671, p. 582.
Cal. S.P. Dom., 1671-2, p. 311.
PERSECUTION AND INDULGENCE, 1662-1672. 99
The late Declaration of Indulgence was great news to us. I
heartily wish that all Nonconformists may be content with it,
and that the King's giving them an inch may not encourage
them hereafter to demand an ell.
Under the Indulgence there were hcences for both the
teacher, as the minister was styled, and the meeting place.
The fewness of the licences taken out in Westmorland
suggests that the local Dissenters were not over-pleased
at the manner of their deliverance from the hands of the
persecutors. Of course many of the local Dissenters
were Quakers, and they unanimously, and over all the
kingdom, refused to avail themselves of the Indulgence.
The following is a complete list of the licences* taken out
for the county of Westmorland. All but one were in
Kendal parish, and that one was in the adjoining parish
of Heversham.
1672 Teacher Place Denomination
May 13 Thomas Whitehead, House of John Presbyterian
Garnett, Kendal
July 16 George Benson, his own house, Presbyterian
Kendal
July 22 House of William Presbyterian
Warriner,
Whinfield
July 22 House of WilUam Presbyterian
Syll, Kendal
Sep 5 House of John Presbyterian
Gemet, Kendal
Oct 28 Houses of John Presbyterian
Hinde and Edward
Bridges, Hever-
sham
Dec 9 Houses of James Not stated
Cock, Kendal Park
and James Atkin-
son, Kendal
* Cal. S.P. Dom., 1671-2, pp. 503. 55o ; 1672, pp. 352, 380, 379, 579 ;
1672-3, pp. 95, 260. Lyon Turner's Original records, p. 641.
100 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Only two teachers took out licences, and they will be
noticed fully in the next chapter. The persons in whose
houses the congregations were to meet were probably
all enthusiastic Nonconformists. John Garnett, who has
already been mentioned as having been fined in 1670,
was a mercer, and William Warriner was a yeoman
whose wife was fined in 1670. William Sill, linendraper,
had also suffered in 1670.
James Cock was probably identical with James Cock
who was Mayor of Kendal in 1654, and presented to the
mayors succeeding him a clock which at a later date
found its way into Todhunter's Museum. It bore the
motto " Time runeth — your warke is before you."*
* Westmorland Note Book, p. 330.
lOI
VI.
Thomas Whitehead, M.A., and George Benson,
Licensed Teachers, 1672.
OF the two ministers who, in 1672, took out Hcences
to teach in Kendal, the first was Thomas Whitehead,
who, though he does not appear to have been a resident,
preceded Benson by two months. A native of Lancashire,
Whitehead was educated at Sedbergh* and at St. John's
College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. 1631-2 and
M.A. 1635.7
Of his early clerical career we know nothing, excepting
that he was for a time Vicar of Brace well, " the poorest
benefice in Craven. ":|: When he was appointed and when
he resigned are alike unknown, the date of presentation,
1637, given in the Sedbergh School Register, being that of
a predecessor in the living.
In 1644 or thereabouts he became Rector of Halton,
near Lancaster. § Being " a godly minister " and favour-
able to the Parliament he was, before 30th April, 1646,
allowed to " farm " Halton Hall and the lands belonging
to it, being part of the sequestered estate of Thomas
Carus, Esq., of Halton, a Royalist and a Papist. Carus
compounded for his estate and received an order for
its restoration to him, but in 1650 complained that the
order had not been complied with. The County Com-
missioners were, he said in his petition, " adversaries of
his and had put one Thomas Whitehead into petitioner's
estate as ' farmer,' and he kept petitioner out of possession,
* Sedbergh School Register, p. 79.
t Information of the Registrary of the University and of the late Professor
J. E. B. Mayor.
t Whitaker's Craven, p. 103.
§ Roper's Churches of North Lancashire, pp. 40, 44.
102 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
pretending title to part of the demesnes in Halton, so
that petitioner was no better off after his composition."*
When Whitehead had been rector for about a couple
of years and shortly after his nomination as a member
of the Eighth Lancashire Classis| the House of LordsJ
ordered, 23rd November, 1646, " that Mr. Doctor Heath
shall give institution and induction unto Thomas White-
head, clerk, to the Parsonage of Halton ... he
taking the Covenant, and producing his presentation
thereunto under the hand and seal of the Lord Dacres
the patron ; and this to be with a salvo jure cujuscunque."
The date of his institution is given § as June 23rd, 1648.
In 1648 he signed the " Harmonious Consent." In August
of that year Whitehead temporarily deserted his living
and was residing in Lancaster, where a number of other
fugitive ministers were seeking safety from the Duke of
Hamilton and his army of Scotchmen, who had invaded
England with the intention of rescuing the King. The
Duke was distressed that the ministers should have so
little confidence in him and his army, and addressed a
charming letter to them. The ministers returned a
politic answer. The correspondence is given below: — -H
For such ministers of this sliire as are now at Lancaster and have
lately forsaken their own dwellings.
Reverend Gentlemen,
Being informed that divers of the Ministry of Lancashire,
upon the causless apprehension of receiving injury from this
Army, have lately forsaken their Charge and Benefices, and are
now at Lancaster, to the inconveniences of themselves and
Parishioners, for which I am grieved ; and that they should
so far mistake our intentions in coming hither, it being for settling
* Stanning's Lancashire Royalist Composition Papers, ii., 6-13.
t Shaw's English Church, ii., 397.
J Lords' Journals, viii., 575.
§ Baines's Lancashire. Ed. by Croston, v., 528.
|] The copy of a letter from Duke Hamilton to the Ministers at Lancaster. With
their answer to the same. London, August 25th, 1648.
THOMAS WHITEHEAD, M.A., AND GEORGE BENSON. I03
Presbyterian Government according to the Covenant, liberating
and reestablishing His Majesty, and for other ends conducing
to the good and Peace of the Kingdom, according to the Declara-
tion herewith sent, and not to harm any (much less) the Ministers
of this Countrey ; I therefore thought good to certifie, that such
as have so absented themselves, may freely and without fear
return to their several dwellings, to exercise those duties belonging
to their Callings, without any prejudice to their Persons, Families
or Goods from any in this Army ; and if any of them be pleased
to repair unto me, I doubt not but to give them that satisfaction,
that they may clearly see, none shall study more the happiness
and preservation of this Church according to the Covenant, then
Your assured Friend to serve you,
Hamilton
Hornby, 10 August
1648
May it please your Excellency,
We acknowledge our selves but weak men, and therefore
subject to mistakes, but are not satisfied of any in having our
present abode at Lancaster, it being incredible to us how we
should have safety and freedom with your Army, knowing our
old Enemies of Rehgion and the Kingdoms peace are with your
Excellency : We have all taken the Covenant, and are zealous
for reestablishing His Majesty, and doubt not the reality of the
intentions of the two Houses of Parliament, whereof we have
lately had good assurance in this country, and how much we
shall own it (unto the death) is known to all the world in our
late Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ, subscribed by us,
together with the rest of our Brethren of this Province, unto
which Truth we pray nothing may be acted prejudicial by your
Excellency, and rest
Lancaster, 10 August
1648 Your humble Servants
Halton Tho: Whitehead Edw. Aston Claughton
James Schoulcroft Tho: Denny
Jo. Jacques Jo. Smith Melling
Ellel Pet: Atkinson Sam. Elwood
Gressingham Jo. Syll Tho: Fancet
Finis.
In 1649 Whitehead attached his name to the Lancashire
ministers' reply to the " Agreement of the People." In
104 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1650 Halton was worth ^TSo a year, and the minister was
" Mr. Thomas Whitehead Mr. of Arts,"* but the Parha-
mentary Commissioners made no comment of a personal
nature.
In 1652 he came into contact with the founder of the
Quakers. George Fox writes in his journal : — j
Another First-day I went to a steeple-house by the water side,
where one Whitehead was priest, to whom, and to the people,
I declared the truth in the dreadful power of God.
Whitehead occurs as minister of Halton in June, 1654,
and on 23rd March, 1658-9,1: though his appointment to
Dalton has been assigned to 1655.
Afterwards he was appointed Vicar of Dalton in Fur-
. ness.§ He was ejected in 1662, and so is amongst the
worthies chronicled by Calamy, || who describes him as
" a pious, painful and faithful minister, who study 'd to
do good in his place, and preach'd as often as he could
to his people, after his being ejected."
In April, 1665, he was officiating pro tempore at
Gorton Chapel near Manchester,^ the slackness of the
ecclesiastical authorities evidently allowing Noncon-
formists to occupy obscure pulpits at times. Besides
his licence for Kendal, Whitehead took out a teacher's
licence for James Dickenson's house in Lower Kellet
(22nd May, 1672), and it is possible that the licence for
Robert Hall's house at Bolton by the Sands** was also
for his congregation. In the Bolton-le-Sands .register
there is a reference to a collection made by Mr. White-
head in July, 1672, on a brief. The collection in the
* L. and C. Church Surveys (Rec. Soc, i.), p. 130-131.
^Journal of George Fox, i., 124 (1891 ed.).
X Shaw's Plundered Ministers' Accounts, ii., 297.
§ Baines's Lancashire. Ed. by Croston, v., 589, says " probably in 1655,"
but in that year he obtained a " partial verdict and judgment " in a suit
concerning the tithes of Halton, and was then apparently still at Halton
(D.K., 2nd Rep. App. 2, p. 260).
II Ace, p. 413, Cont., p. 567.
T[ Higson's Gorton Historical Recorder, p. 72.
** Cal. S.P. Dom., 1672, pp. 10, 41, 42, 43.
THOMAS WHITEHEAD, M.A., AND GEORGE BENSON. I05
parish church amounted to 3s., while Mr. Whitehead's
collection amounted to 7s. id.
There is a pathetic and inexplicable reference to him,
or another clergyman of the name,* in the accounts of
the " Sworn men " who governed the parish of Kirkham,
" 1676 Paid to Mr. Thomas Whitehead, a poor old
minister, 4s. "f He died in February, 1678-9, and the
Bolton-le-Sands register records his burial " Thomas
Whitehead clercke who dyed att Kellet bur. Feb. 10 day."
Oliver Hey wood, J who says he was " a godly ancient
minister near Lancaster," gives his age as 70, and Calamy
gives it as 73. His will has not been found.
Although everything in Whitehead's history indicates
his Presbyterian leanings, he was " succeeded in his
congregation," § at Kellet, by George Benson, the other
licensed teacher in Kendal, whose sympathies were cer-
tainly with the Independent party.
This George Benson was an ejected minister. In 1672
he took out a licence to preach at his own house in Kendal,
and thus became, so far as we know, the first resident
Nonconformist minister in Kendal. Benson 1| was a native
* A " Thomas Whitehead de Archolme clericus " was buried at Melling
24th January, 1691.
t Fishwick's Kirkham (Chet. Soc., 92), p. 106.
X O. Hej'wood's Diaries, ii., 259, cf. None. Register.
§ Calamy's Ace, 413.
II The pedigree of the Bensons given by Amory (Memoir of Dr. George Benson
prefixed to Benson's Life of Christ, and quoted in Wilson's Dissenting Churches,
i., 113) is interesting but probably inaccurate. It traces the family from John
Benson who left London towards the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign and
" settled in Great Salkeld, where the family made a considerable figure. He
had thirteen sons, from the eldest of whom the late Lord Bingley descended,"
while the third son was the Vicar of Bridekirk. As mentioned in the text
the father of George Benson of Bridekirk was not John Benson of Great
Salkeld but George Benson of Kendal, and persons of " considerable figure "
were not entered in the university registers as plebeians. There were Bensons
in Kendal who were of importance, and may have been related to George
Benson. Gervase Benson of Highgate, who was mayor in 1644-5, was after-
wards one of the early Friends. He was buried 6th May, 1679, in the Sepulchre
on the Fellside, but no stone is now to be found in that neglected burial ground,
though the early Friends were not so much opposed to gravestones as their
successors became. Gervase was apparently a lawyer, and had " a right
for life to the probation of wills . . . and other ecclesiastical jurisdiction "
within the deaneries of Kendal, Lonsdale and Furness. He had always
adhered to Parliament, and had suffered imprisonment for so doing. Like
many of the early Friends, he had been a soldier, and was a colonel in the
Parliamentary Army {Hist. MSS. Comm., 7th Rep. App., p. 687).
I06 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of Kendal, being the son of George Benson, described as
" of Kendal, plebeian," when on 3rd June, 1636, his son,
then 18, matriculated at Oxford as a member of Queen's
College.* He does not appear to have graduated.
According to Amory : — f
In the civil wars, occasioned by the mal-administration of King
Charles the First, George Benson, engaged on the side of liberty
and the Parliament, and suffered considerably in his fortune,
particularly from the Scots, previous to the battle of Worcester.
He was a Puritan Divine, and had the living of Bridekirk, in his
native county, from whence he was ejected at the Restoration.
The battle of Worcester was fought 3rd September,
1 65 1, so that his losses, whatever they might have been,
were after he had been appointed to Bridekirk. It was
apparently in 1649 that he became Vicar of Bridekirk,
as in the register is a passage in Latin which states that
1649 was the first year of Benson's institution and the
thirty-first of his age. J His first entry in the parish
register is dated ist April, 1649. § In 1652 the Com-
missioners for propagating the Gospel in the four northern
counties, approved Benson and augmented his living. ||
In 165 1 he was one of the founders of the Independent
Church at Cockermouth. This church was a gathered
church of the saints of Cockermouth and the adjoining
parts, supplementary to and not a rival of the parish
churches. Its leading men were parish ministers, and
the church meetings were held in the different churches
on other days and times to those for ordinary public
worship. It was, however, an Independent church
acknowledging no outside human authority. George
Benson was one of the " seven poor unworthy ones " who
became the " foundation stones " of the Cockermouth
* Foster's Alumni Oxonienses.
•f Dr. Geo. Benson's Life of Christ.
X Nightingale's Ejected, p. 709.
§ Information of the Rev. Canon Sutton, Vicar of Bridekirk.
II Niglitingale's Ejected, pp. 710, 711.
THOMAS WHITEHEAD, M.A., AND GEORGE BENSON. I07
church.* The church was formed 2nd October, 1651,!
and a week later George Larkham, Vicar of Cockermouth,
and George Benson, Vicar of Bridekirk, were chosen
" Elder Ofiicers " until there might be a solemn ordination
of them by the laying on of hands. + The ordination took
place in Cockermouth Parish Church on 28th January,
1651-2, " and in this manner and order," to quote the
Church book,§
I. They did set apart and ordaine by the imposition of the
hands of three ordained Presbyters] | then present, (called by the
church to that worke for feare of offending the godly brethren
of the Presbyterian way), George Larkham, to be pastor over
them in the Lord, he having first accepted of their unanimous
and solemne call in the face of a very great assembly in the
publike meeting-place at Cockermouth.
IL This being done, they did by praier and all other the like
solemnities (except imposition of hands) receive and admitt
George Benson, to the office of a teaching elder among them.
The reason why the said George Benson was not ordained, was
because he had been before ordained by the bishops, and the
church was fearfull of iterating his ordination, least they should
have offended, though they, in their judgement were satisfied
they might.
The Church, on 23rd September, 1652, at a meeting
held at Benson's own church of Bridekirk, adopted a
Confession of Faith, " nearly the same with the Assembly's
Confession."^
Benson was one of the Associated Ministers of Cumber-
land who, on i6th October, 1656, signed the Testimonial
* For the details about the Cockermouth church and Benson's connection
with it, we are indebted to W. Lewis's History of the Congregational Church,
Cockermouth, 1870, which is based on the Church booliS and otlier records
kept by George Larkham, some of which had previously been printed in the
Christian Reformer, 1824.
t Lewis, p. 5.
% Lewis, p. 10.
§ Christian Reformer, 1824, p. 4. Lewis, p. 12.
II Thomas Larl-cham, M.A., of Tavistoclv, Devon, father of the Pastor,
Gawin Eaglesfield, M.A., of Plumbland, and George Benson.
If Lewis, pp. 7, 16.
I08 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of the ordination of James Cave as a preaching Presbyter.*
During the Commonwealth the Cockermouth Church
frequently met at Bridekirk, and in March, 1658, Benson
was one of two messengers appointed to go to the " Church
about Kirkoswald," which was about to ordain a Teaching
Elder.! After the Restoration Benson suffered disturb-
ance. Larkham records in the Cockermouth Church Book,
under date 31st October, 1660, :j:
This day. Brother George Benson, teacher, was by an order
under the hands of five commissioners sitting at Keswicke,
ejected unjustly, from lais pubhke place at Cockermouth, for
denying (as was alleged) the baptisme of children — a known
falsehood. §
Benson's last entry in the parish register was on loth
November, 1660.
According to Nicolson and Burn, [| Samuel Grasty,
Benson's successor as Vicar of Bridekirk, was instituted
in 1660. 1\ Nevertheless, Larkham, in his Journal, under
date 15th April, 1661, writes, " My Brother Benson lost
the vicarage of Bridekirk. And by this means, the
poor congregation is much straitened as to liberty."**
It may be that Benson continued to live in the vicarage
after his successor was appointed, and that this last date
is that of his removal. It does not appear that Benson
obtained another living, as several ministers ejected' in
in 1660 were able to do in time to be ejected again in 1662.
Nevertheless, he has a brief notice in Calamy. He left
* Calamy's Cont., 229.
f Lewis, p. 22.
I The Christian Reformer, 1824, p. 52, leaves it uncertain wliether tlie date
is 1660 or 1661. Tlie entry occurs after loth Marcli, 1660, which, according
to the new style, was really 1661. Lewis gives the date as 1660.
§ We have followed the version given by the Christian Reformer. Lewis
(p. 84) interjects "violently and" before "unjustly" and omits the words
" at Cockermouth," an error presumably for Bridekirk.
II History, ii., 100.
^ Canon Sutton informs us that the register gives the date as February,
1661, while Nightingale (Ejected, p. 715) shows that Gresty, for that seems to
be the correct name, was instituted 6th March, 1660-1.
** Lewis, p. 146.
THOMAS WHITEHEAD, M.A., AND GEORGE BENSON. lOQ
Cumberland for his native county, and probably for his
native town of Kendal.
In the year 1662, " the 13th of the third month [i.e.,
May]," writes Larkham,* " Brother Benson went from
this part to his owne country of Westmoreland, to hve
for a season, in regard of the difficulty of the times, that
so he might provide for his family ; the church not
being in a capacity to make provision for him, as they
gladly would."
For several years after his ejection we have no details
of Benson's hfe, the next reference to him in the Cocker-
mouth Church Book being in 1670, when he and others
conducted the services of the church during the pastor's
absence in Devonshire. From 1671 to 167SI he went
about once a year to preach to Larkham's congregation,
which met usuaUy at its pastor's house at Tahantire.J
In October, 1672, he was present at the ordination of
a ruling elder and a deacon, " and helped on the work
of the day by pra^^er, and speaking to the officers ordained,
by way of charge as to their duties." §
In 1674 he was " over with his wife,"j[ and in 1676
Larkham records the admission to membership of one
James Sutton of Kendal, " a good testimony of his life
being given by Brother Benson residing there. "^
It is evident that Benson remained in as full communion
with the Cockermouth Independent Church as distant
residence would permit, and yet when he obtained a
licence to teach in his own house in Kendal, on i6th
July, 1672, he was described as a Presbyterian. The
explanation is probably that the description was a mistake
* Christian Reformer, 1824, p. 53. Lewis (p. 84) quotes the same passage
with shght verbal diiJerences. Nightingale (Ejected, p. 713) has still another
version of the passage.
t Lewis, pp. 48-65.
J Notes of one of these sermons are printed by Lewis, pp. 85-88.
§ Lewis, p. 55.
]| Lewis, p. 60.
^ Lewis, pp. 64, 108.
no THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of the agent in London, who obtained the hcence, or
the mistake of a clerk in making a note of the hcence.
Benson is stated by Calamy to have succeeded Thomas
Whitehead as minister of a congregation at Kehet near
Lancaster, and to have preached in his own house
there.*
Whitehead died in 1679, so that is probably the date of
Benson's removal from Kendal to Netherkellet. He was
certainly resident in the latter place in 1682, for on
Tuesday, 23rd May, in that year, Oliver Heywood, who
the night before was at Lancaster on his return from
Kendal, says " Mr. Greenwood, his wife, son, came with
us to Kellett 3 miles off where I preached to a considerable
company at Mr. Benson's house a N.C. [i.e., Noncon-
formist] minister. Dined with Mr. Richard Wilson at
another town called Kellet, who had invited me at
Kendall."!
In June, 1682, Benson took part in an ordination at
Thomas Jolly's house at Wymondhouses. Oliver Hey-
wood, who was present, says " Mr. Benson prayed honestly,
but I must confesse my great fault that I was much over-
come with sleepines, drowsiness. "J
Benson and his people at Kellet are referred to by
Thomas Jolly, who visited Kellet in August, 1684, § and
" had more encouragement " there than in Kendal.
Under the Act of Toleration, Benson was licensed
(1689) as a Presbyterian teacher. The list does not state
his meeting place, but in the list of " meeting places for
Presbiterians certified and recorded, but appropriated to
no particular persons " occurs " Mr. George Benson's
house in Netherkehett " certified by Richard Wilson,
John Wilson and William Brathwait.||
* Calamy's Ace, p. 154.
•|- Yorkshire Genealogist, ii., 52.
% Heywood's Diaries, ii., 209, cf. also Yorkshire Genealogist, ii., 53.
§ Jolly's Note Book, p. 62.
ij Hist. MSS. Comni., 14th Rep. App., 4, p. 232. Kenyon Papers.
THOMAS WHITEHEAD, M.A., AND GEORGE BENSON. Ill
In June, 169 1, Benson's case was brought before the
Presbyterian Fund then recently estabhshed, and an
allowance of £8 a year was made to him beginning in
January, i6go-i. A year later (27th June, 1692) the
Managers of the Fund were informed of Benson's death,
and it was ordered " that the six month's allowance due
the 24th inst. be paid, and that it be left to a further
consideration whether the allowance formerly granted
to the said Benson shall be continued to his successor."
A week later £10 was granted to " Mr. Waddington who
succeeds Mr. George Benson at Kellet."*
In May, 1692, Jolly mentions " riding that morning to
preach in the stead of Brother Benson, who was taken
away by death, to the great loss of Kehett people and the
weakning of our poor association."! Benson's burial is
recorded in the Bolton-le-Sands parish register under
date 20th May, 1692, " Georgius Benson de Kellett
inferior." Calamy, who, in error, gives the year as 1691,
states that he was in his 76th year.:j: Larkham entered
his name in the list of deaths in the Cockermouth Church
Book as " Mr. George Benson, Tallantire 1692." § We
have been unable to find Benson's will. If he made one
it would probably be proved in the Manor Court of
Netherkellet, a " peculiar," the records of which are
missing.
Benson was a married man. His wife was probably
the Ann Benson who appears in the list of Cockermouth
Church members, jl and he had several children. *[|
* Minutes of the Presbyterian Fund, i., 40, 41, 52, 79, 84. It is curious
that at all these references Kellet is described as being in Cumberland. It
should be mentioned that tlie Fund at this period was supported and ad-
ministered by Independents as well as Presbyterians.
t Jolly's Note Book, p. 11 r.
J Account, p. 154. The age differs by two years from that obtained from
the record of Benson's matriculation and institution (Ante p. 106].
§ Lewis, p. 89.
II Lewis, p. no.
^Lewis, p. 116. Nightingale's Ejected, p. 711.
112 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
According to the received accounts, George Benson,
D.D., a distinguished Nonconformist author of unorthodox
views, was grandson of the Vicar of Bridekirk. Loftie's
Great ^Salkeld, p. g6, states that Dr. Benson was a son of
Joseph Benson of Great Salkeld, but we have found no
evidence that the Vicar of Bridekirk had a son Joseph.
HICHARI) FRANKLAND, M.A.
FACE P. 113.
113
VII.
Richard Frankland, M.A.
Early Life and Ejection.
THE most distinguished Nonconformist connected with
Kendal was Richard Frankland, M.A., Tutor of the
famous Academy at Natland.
Frankland was a Yorkshireman and claimed to belong
to the family of Frankland of Thirkleby in the North
Riding. This family, having about the middle of the
sixteenth century acquired a fortune in the cloth trade,
settled at Thirkleby, and after two or three generations
had attained a baronetcy in 1660. The connection was
implied by Richard Frankland's use of the arms of
Frankland of Thirkleby, and is specifically stated on his
memorial tablet at Giggleswick. Nevertheless, the con-
nection, if any, of the tutor with the baronets, must have
been very remote.*
* In the Genealogist, n.s., xix., 195, Frankland is, in error, identified with
Richard, son of William Frankland of Thirkleby, M.P., but that Richard
had died unmarried before 1664-5. Mr. Thomas Brayshaw, of Settle, possesses
a letter of Frankland's sealed with a heraldic seal, the arms on which are
clearly the same as those of the Thirkleby Franklands, namely az. a
dolphin naiant embowed or on a chief of the second two saltires gu, though
we cannot be certain as to the colours. The crest is certainly not that
of the Thirkleby family, which is given in the peerages as A dolphin ar.
hauriant and entwined round an anchor, erect ppr, but is perhaps a dolphin's
head. Several Franklands, contemporary with Richard Frankland, were
Dissenters. A Mr. Frankland {probably John Frankland of the Thirkleby
family') had a daughter Frances who married Radcliffe Scholefield and was
mother of the minister of that name who was one of Frankland's pupils.
In Hunter's Familice minorum gentium (p. 114) and Raines's Derby Honsehold
Books, p. Ill (Chet. Soc), Mrs. Scholefield is inaccurately stated to have been
the daughter of Richard Frankland the tutor. Penelope Frankland of
Manchester became in 1702 the second wife of John Pemberton of Liverpool.
John Pemberton, by a previous marriage, was ancestor of the Heywoods of
Liverpool, Manchester and Wakefield, and of the Milnes family now repre-
sented by the Marquis of Crewe. A Mrs. Frankland of Manchester (probably
Frances Frankland, mother of Mrs. Scholefield and Mrs. Pemberton, and
certainly not the wife of the Kendal tutor) had a boarding school for girls
much patronised by the Dissenters. Thoresby placed his sister with her in
114 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
John Frankland, Richard's father, was of Rathmell,
then in the parish of Giggleswick, but now a separate
parish. He was dead before 24th April, 1650, when
" the heirs of John Franckland, of Rathmell" were fined
^d. for not making suit of Court in the Court Leet and
View of Frank Pledge of Staincliffe Wapentake.* As it
was the custom to fine gentlemen I2d. and yeomen 6d.,
John Frankland would appear to have been a yeoman.
We presume that John Frankland's estate descended to
Richard Frankland, the Tutor. |
1684, and in 1698, when he visited Manchester again, he says, " There was not a
iace that I 1-Lnew, but good old Mrs. Frankland, who continues useful in her
station " (Thoresby's Diaries, i., 425 ; ii., 176, 322). A Mr. Frankland was
living at or near Bramham in 1695 when Oliver Haywood gave him £10 he
had received from Lady Hewley {Yorkshire County Mag., iii., 11). This might
be the John Frankland who entered the Academy in 1688. A Mrs. Frankland
of Bramah died at York in March 1742-3 {None, reg., p. 333). The name
occurs in the Giggleswick registers infrequently, and contemporary with our
Richard Frankland there appear to have been in that extensive parish, as
fathers of families, only Richard Frankland of Close House, Stephen Frankland
(son John, baptized 19th February, 1667-8), and Thomas Frankland of Knight's
Stainforth (daughter Genet, baptized 7th February, 1669-70). The first of
these is apparently the Richard Frankland who was married 4th December,
1660, to Elizabeth Foster, had children baptized in 1661, 1663, and 1668, and
was buried 22nd April, 1670, as " Richardus Frankland de Rawth : " On
5th January, 1690-1 " lilizabetha uxor Ricardi Frankland de Rathmill " was
bUried, and it is probable, though the register does not mention her widowhood,
that she was the widow of Richard Frankland of Close House. Other entries
relating to the family are William Harrison and Janet Frankland, married
23rd April, 1676 ; Ambrose Waddelove and Dorothy Frankland, married
nth May, 1682 ; Stephen Frankland and Margaret Uron, married 3rd March,
1692 ; Jane Frankland of Giggleswick buried 5th December, 1664 ; Thomas
Frankland of Stainforth buried 13th April, 1674 ; and Margaret, wife of
Stephen Frankland, of Stainforth, buried 28th April, 1695. Roger Frankland
of Gisburn parish was married at Preston (Lancashire) to Bridget Cowell of
Plumpton, 27th February, 1613-4 (Smith's Records of Preston Church, p. 99).
The court rolls of Staincliffe Wapentake, 1650-1653, mention, as owing suit,
several Franklands besides John. Miles and George occur in 1650, 1651, 1652,
William in 1651 and 1652, John of Alderhouse in 1652, William of Cressington,
1652, and George of Cressington, 1652 (P.R.O. Court Rolls, Gen. Ser., lalVai)
In these rolls the name is always given Franckland.
* Public Record Office, Court Rolls, Gen. Ser., ^99-
+ Unlike many of his contemporaries, Frankland left no diary, and no
coiitemporary wrote his life in any detail. We are therefore unable to compile
an intimate account of his life. Short lives of Frankland have been printed.
The first is the notice, probably written by Oliver Heywood, or based on the
life he wrote (cf. his Diary, Yorks. County Magazine, 1893, p. 20), given by
Calamy in the Account and Continuation. A fuller notice (afterwards reprinted
separately) was contributed to the Christian Reformer (1862) by the Rev.
R. Brook Aspland, and many additional facts are given by the Rev. Alexander
Gordon in the Dictionary of National Biography.
These three lives have been fully utilized, and every statement therein has,
if possible, been verified by reference to the authorities.
RICHARD FRANKLAND, M.A. : EARLY LIFE, ETC. II5
Richard Frankland was born at Rathmell towards the
end of 1630.* After spending six years at Giggles wick
School he was admitted, i8th May, 1648, as pen-
sionary at Christ's Cohege, Cambridge,! then under the
mastership of Samuel Bolton, a distinguished and cul-
tured Puritan. " He made good proficiency both in
Divine and Humane Learning, and had no small credit
in the University. While he was there it pleased God
to make him deeply in Love with serious Religion, by
blessing to him the profitable ministry of Mr. Samuel
Hammond, at St. Giles', Cambridge. "J
Frankland graduated B.A. in January, 1651-2, and
became M.A. 1655. He began his ministry at Hexham
in Northumberland, where his stay was short. He after-
wards preached for a time, first at Houghton-le-Spring
and afterwards at Lanchester§ in Durham. On 14th
For additional information one of the most important sources is the edition
of Oliver Hey wood's Diaries, which we owe to the untiring zeal of Mr. J.
Horsfall Turner. These volumes, with the companion volume of the Non-
conformist Register, also edited by Mr. Turner, have been invaluable to us,
as they must be to everyone studying the early history of dissent in the
northern counties. Other valuable sources, as yet unprinted, are the Minutes
of the Presbyterian Fund, for access to which we are much indebted to the
Trustees and'their courteous Clerk, Mr. G. Harold Clennell, the Lambeth MSS.,
the records of the Consistory Court of York, the Westmorland County Records,
and other authorities which are indicated in the footnotes.
Whenever we have asked for assistance we have had such a courteous
response that it is almost invidious to give here the names of some and not
all the gentlemen to whom we are indebted for isolated items of information.
In every case, we think, the gentlemen are thanked in a footnote, but we cannot
refrain from thanking the Rev. Alexander Gordon, RLA., for reading an early
draft of the memoir and making a number of suggestions and corrections.
We must also thank Mr. Thomas Bravshaw of Settle, not only for some useful
suggestions and the loan of a copy of Frankland's Reflections, but for permission
to reproduce in facsimile one of Frankland's letters, of which the original
autograph is in his possession.
* The Giggleswick registers are defective at this period. Mr. Gordon
calculates, from the age given on Frankland's memorial tablet, that the birth-
day was ist November.
t Dr. John Peile, late Master of Christ's College, kindly supplied, from the
College Register, Frankland's parentage and the dates of his university career.
The facts had previously been given in the D.N.B.
% Calamy's Ace., p. 284.
§ The Commissioners for Propagating the Gospel in the Northern Counties
granted " Mr. Richard Franklyn 7oli per ann. out of the impropriated Rectorie
of Lanchester, and loli out of'the revenue of the Commonwealth " apparently
in 1652 or 1653 (Lambeth MSS., vol. 1006, p. 427). The date of the beginning
of Frankland's ministry at Lanchester is given by Mr. J. W. Fawcett (Preface
to Lanchester parish register, vol. i) as 1651, but this seems too early, as
Frankland would presumably be at the university in that year.
Il6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
September, 1653 " he was solemnly set apart to the work
and office of the ministry, by several ministers, by fasting-
and prayer and imposition of hands."*
About 1655! Frankland removed from Lanchester to
Ellenthorp Hall, near Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, to
become chaplain in the family of John Brook, a Presby-
terian, who was twice lord mayor of York. Next he became
curate at Sedgefield, Durham, and before August, 1659,;
was presented by Sir Arthur Hesilrige to the cure of St.
Andrew's Auckland (or North Auckland), otherwise
called Auckland St. Andrew or the South Church, § near
Bishop Auckland, Durham, which living " was of good
value." [| Calamy, who is our only authority for this
period, says : —
while he was in his Living, he laid himself out to his utmost in
his Master's Work. He always expounded the Scripture on the
Lord's Day Morning before Sermon ; and besides his Preaching
in the Afternoon, catechiz'd the Youth, and explain'd to them
the Principles of Religion in a familiar Way. His Conversation
was exemplary and inoffensive ; and his Labours successful to
many Souls. *\\
In 1657 a scheme for a college at Durham was formu-
lated, and it is stated by Calamy that Frankland " was
pitch'd upon as a very fit Man to be a Tutour there."
According to some authorities the office was that of vice-
chancellor. Nevertheless, his name does not appear in
* The ordination probably tool-; place at St. Nicholas', Durham. In the
notice of Robert Leaver of Bolam in Calamy (Cont., p. 676), it is stated that he,
Mr. Franklin, Mr. Dixon, and Mr. Thompson were ordained there together ;
Franklin is almost certainly an error for Frankland.
f In this year William Cornforth was minister at Lanchester (Fawcett's
Lanchester parish register).
J The date is unknown. The list of incumbents now in the church gives
only the date of ejection, and describes him as an " intruder," and his name
does not occur in the parish register during the years i56i and 1662 {Informa-
tion of Rev. H. Gouldsmith, Vicar). Mr. Reginald Peacock kindly informs us
that the register of St. Helen's, Auckland, contains no reference to Frankland.
§ There is a detailed account of this beautiful church in Archceologia JEliana,
N.S., XX., 27-206.
|] Calamy's Ace, p. 285.
T[ Calamy's Ace, p. 285.
RICHARD FRANKLAND, M.A. : EARLY LIFE, ETC. II7
the list of officers nominated by letters patent 15th May,
1657.* The scheme of 1659 for making this college
into a university was still-born, but it is probable enough
that Frankland was to have had office in the university,
if the scheme had been carried into effect. It is inter-
esting to notice that the " Visitors," as appointed by
Oliver Cromwell, 15th May, 1657, of the proposed northern
university included Frankland's friends, Major-General
John Lambert, Sir Arthur Hesilrige, bart., and Sir
Thomas Liddell, bart., as well as John Archer of Oxen-
holme,! afterwards one of his Kendal intimates.
Frankland was married on nth October, 1658, to
Elizabeth Sanderson. | His marriage brought him into
relationship with some good Durham and Cumberland
families. This relationship may not have been without
its influence on his later career, as it probably led to
the beginning of his Academy, the first pupil of which
was a Liddell of Ravensworth, a relation of Mrs. Frank-
land.
Frankland was one of the ministers who signed the
certificate of Josias Dockwray prior to his admission to
the cure of Lanchester on 13th February, 1658. §
At the Restoration, Frankland, though technically an
" intruder," remained in possession of his living. But,
says Calamy,
after the King's Restauration, he was among the first that met
with disturbance. Sometime before the Bartholomew Act, one
* Fowler's Durham University, p. 17.
t Hutchinson's Durham, i., 523, 524.
X Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Sanderson, Esq., of Hedley Hope, co.
Durham, Keeper of Brancepeth Castle for King James I., by Barbara, daughter
of Thomas Liddell, Esq., of Ravensworth, was baptized 20th January, 1627.
Two of her brothers were officers in the Parliamentary Army, one a captain
and the other a colonel. Of her sisters, Barbara was the wife of Robert Jenison,
D.D., Vicar of Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Mary was the wife of Josias Dockwray,
minister of Lanchester, who conformed after being ejected in 1662 ; and
Helena was the wife of Thomas Curwen of Sella Park, Cumberland (Surtees'
Durham, ii., 343).
§ Lambeth MSS., vol. 999, p. 204.
Il8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Mr. Bowster* an Attorney, who had formerly appear'd to be
his Friend, was so forward as to ask him pubHckly before the
Congregation, wliether or no he would conform ? He told him
that he hop'd it was soon enough to answer that Question, when
the King and Parliament had determin'd what conformity they
would require. Mr. B. told him again that if he did not answer
then, he should be turn'd out of his Place. Mr. F. told him, he
hop'd the King's Proclamation for quiet Possessions would secure
him from such Violence. Mr. B. reply'd. Look you to that.
Soon after which this Mr. B. and one Parson Marthwait, (one
of no extraordinary Character) got the Keys of the Church, and
kept Mr. Fr. both out of the Church and Pulpit. He complain'd
to some of the neighbouring justices, who own'd it was hard
measure, but they were afraid to stand by him. He indicted
Marthwait and his Adherents for a Force and Riot, at the Quarter
Sessions, and the Indictment was found, but the Defendants
by a Certiorari remov'd the Matter to the next Assizes, and
there his Cause was heard, and the Clerk had mistaken praesenta-
tum est for praesentatuni fuit, in the Indictment, and his Council
were cow'd and he could not have Justice done to liim.j
Throughout the kingdom the bishops were anxious to
retain some, at anyrate, of their Presbyterian clergy,
and those who wished to conform had no obstacles placed
in their way. Bishop Cosin of Durham seems to have
been particularly anxious to induce Frankland to conform.
He
solicited him to conform, promising him not onlj^ his Living,
but greater Preferment upon his Compliance. Mr. F. told him
that his Unwillingness to renounce his Ordination by Presbyters
made him incapable of enjoying the Benefit of his Favour. This
en-jag'd him in a Debate with the Bishop, that was manag'd with
great Calmness ; and this was the Result of it : His Lordship
condescended to ask him, whether he would be content to receive
a new Ordination, so privately, that the People might not know
of it, and have it conditionally with such words as these ; If
thou hast not been ordained, I ordain thee, &c. He thank'd him,
but told him he durst not yield to the Proposal : At the same
* We are informed by Mr. H. B. Leighton, F.R.Hist.S., that the nanie
should be Bowser.
t Calamy's Ace, p. 285.
RICHARD FRANKLAND, M.A. : EARLY LIFE, ETC. II9
time assuring his Lordship, that it was not Obstinacy but Con-
science which hindered his CompUance. A Httle after, the
Bishop one day preached on i. Cor. 14 ult. Let all things be done
decently and in Order. Mr. F. within the compass of a few Weeks
being invited by a Neighbouring Minister to Preach in his Pulpit,
insisted on v. 26 of the same chapter ; Let all things be done to
Edification* The Bishop was offended at it, tlainking it done
in a Way of Contempt, and Contradiction, and threaten'd to
call him to account for it : But it was prevented by a sober
neighbouring Gentleman, a Justice of Peace, who was that Day
Mr. Frankland's Auditor ; and told the Bishop that he did
indeed in that Sermon speak against Pluralities, Nonresidence,
&c. But that he spake nothing but what became a sound and
orthodox Divine, and what was agreeable to the Doctrine of the
Church of England. |
Frankland was thus ejected from his hving because he
would not acknowledge, either publicly or privately,
that the ordination under which he had hitherto exercised
his ministry was of no effect. He seems to have returned
immediately to his home at Rathmell, and was apparently
living there some weeks before Bartholomew's Day (24th
August) 1662, or had sent his family there before him,
for on the 5th of the same month his daughter Barbary
was buried at Giggleswick. In 1664, 1666 and 1668 he
is mentioned as Mr. Richard Franckland of Rawthmell
in the Giggleswick registers in connection with the bap-
tisms of three of his children, J but . otherwise we know
nothing of him for several years. § He took no part in
the preaching which some of the ejected ministers carried
on. Probably he spent his time in study and in looking
* The Authorized Version has it " Let all things be done unto edifying."
t Calamy's Ace, p. 286.
J It is curious that two of these entries are clearly later, though almost
contemporary, insertions in the register.
§ The statement made in the Monthly Messenger of the Presbyterian Church
of England (April, 1907, p. 96), that he was in London in the Plague year, is
apparently based on a misreading of Calamy, who mentions Franklyn as a
minister who distinguished himself during the Plague. This was Robert
Franklyn or Franklin, ejected minister of Westhall, Suffolk (cf. Calamy's
Abridgement, p. 310-311 ; Ace, p. 6;8 ; Cant, p. 805). Some interesting
memorials of this worthy and his wife are printed in Co7ig. Hist. Soc. Trans.,
i., 345 ; ii., 387.
120 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
after his estate, and there can be httle doubt that he
attended the services of that church of which he was
deemed unworthy to remain a minister. At a later
period, in an apportionment of sittings in Giggleswick
Church, made by the churchwardens on 5th May, 1677,
three or more seats were assigned to " Mr. Richard
Frankland of Rathmell, Clerk."*
If the hero of the story has not been misidentified, it
would be during this period of retirement that occurred
Frankland's extraordinary visit to the King, the account
of which we quote from Aspland : — |
Mr. Frankland' s the N.C. minister his going to King Charles II.
Himself told me that he had a violent impulse upon his mind
to go to the King ; that he could neither study nor do anything
else for several days ; that he took up a resolution that he would
go to him. He acquainted some with it, who spent some time
in prayer, as himself also did at other times. He wrote down
what he intended to say to him, thinking it too adventurous to
speak to a King extempore, or what presence of mind he might
then have ; so he goes to the old Earl of Manchester, Lord Cham-
berleyne, who used him very friendly, and desired him that he
would bring him to speak to the King. The Earl would fain
have known what he would say to him, but he would not tell
him. The Earl appoints him a place to stand at, which the King
was to passe by to the Councell. When the King came out, 'That's
the man,' said the Earle, ' would speak to your Majesty.' The
King asked him, 'Would you speak with me ? ' 'Yes,' saith he,
' but in private.' So the King stept aside from the nobility that
followed. Then said Mr. Frankland, ' The Eternall God, whose
I am and whom I serve, commands you to reform your life, your
family, your kingdom, and the Church ; if you do not, there
are such judgments of God impending (at which words he grew
* We are indebted for this item to tlie Rev. Alex. Gordon.
t We are by no means certain that the King's frank visitor was not Robert
Franklyn already mentioned, who " is said to have addressed a letter to
Charles II. congratulating him on the Restoration, and urging him to improve
it by promoting religious reform" (Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., i., 346). The
authority for the anecdote seems good, as it was copied by Ralph Thoresby
from a day-book kept by Dr. Henry Sampson, both being Frankland's personal
friends. The date is certainly before 5th May, 1671, for Lord Manchester
died on that day.
RICHARD FRANKLAND, M.A. : EARLY LIFE, ETC. 121
pale and chang'd countenance) that wil destroy both you and
the kingdome.' ' I wil,' saith the King, ' do what I can.' Mr.
Fr. repeated this later part and added, ' I know the wrath of a
King is as the roaring of a lyon ; but for the sake of your soul
I have taken up this speech, and leave it with you.' The King
hasted away, saying, ' I thank you, Sir ; ' and twice looking back
before he went into the counsel-chamber, said ' I thank you,
Sir, — I thank you.' But he said and did not.
In 1665-6 a hearth tax was levied, and Richard Franck-
land of Rawthmell was assessed for two hearths. In
1672-3 he was assessed for three hearths.*
The reason for the increased estabhshment indicated
by these tax rolls is to be found in the commencement of
Frankland's Academy between the two dates.
* P.R.O. Subsidy Rolls, fjg, |J^.
122
VIII.
Frankland's Academy : Rathmell and Natland.
ON the 8th March, 1669-70, when George Liddell entered
as the first student in the Academy at Rathmell,
Frankland began the real work of his life.
Frankland's Academy was one of the first of a long
series of academies which filled for the Dissenters the
place of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, then,
and until the nineteenth century closed to the Dissenter
who was conscientious • enough to dissent. Without
taking oaths, which were, and were intended to be,
impossible to the Dissenter, no degrees were conferred.
Although many Dissenters still looked on their exclusion
from a national church as only temporary, there was
a growing feeling that the Dissenters must make their
own provision for the continuance of a learned ministry.
Yet there were then, legally, no pulpits for the ministers
to occupy and no congregations for them to preach to.
That there should be any candidates for the ministry
under such conditions would be surprising did we not
know the undaunted courage of the ejected ministers
whos'e sons formed the bulk of Frankland's early divinity
students.
Under the Indulgence of 1672 Frankland took out,
on 22nd July, 1672, a licence to teach, i.e., preach as a
Presbyterian in his own house at Rathmell, or as it is
wrongly copied in the entry book Rushmilne* (for Rath-
milne) .
According to Calamy, Frankland, " upon a call from a
* Cal. S.P. Dom., 1672, p. 372.
frankland's academy : rathmell and natland. 123
Christian Society there,"* became minister at Natland,
and thither he and his Academy removed between 20th
February, 1673-4, and 26th May, 1674,! these being
the dates when the last pupil at Rathmell and the
first at Natland were admitted. Aspland hints at
harassing law proceedings as amongst the causes of
the removal from Rathmeh. The legal proceedings may
have been the " some things amisse," mentioned by
Oliver HeywoodJ under date 30th January, 1673-4.
At a private day in my house God wonderfully melted, inlarged
my heart in prayer, particularly about sending for my sons home, §
I had been at great unceartaintys all the week, my thoughts
much perplext, arguments swayed strangely both ways, some-
times I was for it, sometimes against it, after that day my heart
was much quieted, in hopes of God clearing up his will to me —
behold on Saturday night, the very night after God abundantly
satisfyed my heart, by one letter from my father || Angier — whose
freedom I questioned in this affair, had another from Mr. Frank-
land, who is willing to entertain them, who (I am satisfyed) is
both able and faithfuU ; their grandfather also is willing, especially
upon further enquiry of my cozen John Angier, who hath given
him satisfaction of some things amisse there.
* Natland was one of the old chapelries of the great parish of Kendal. A
generation before Frankland's time Natland had been visited by " Drunken
Barnaby " (Richard Brathwait), but he had no eyes for anything there
excepting a pretty woman : —
Now to Natland, where choice beauty
And a Shepheard doe salute me.
Lips I relish richly roseack
Purely Nectar and Ambroseack ;
But I'm chaste, as doth become me,
For the Countreys eyes are on me.
Later we shall hear of other Shepherds of Natland, but whether descended
from Barnaby's luscious beauty we cannot say.
f A week before 23rd April, 1674, Mr. Richardson visited " Mr. Franklands
house in the north " (Heywood's Diaries, i., 334), which suggests that Frank-
land was at Natland at least a month before his first new pupil arrived.
X Diaries, iii., 161.
§ Oliver Heywood's sons were then studying with Henry Hickman, an
ejected Oxford fellow, near Stourbridge, Worcestershire (O. Heywood's Diaries,
iii., 155, D.N.B. art. H. Hickman). The sons were the first pupils admitted
to Frankland's Academy after its removal to Natland.
II i.e., father-in-law, the Rev. John Angier, of Denton.
124 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
If it was to escape the attentions of the magistrates
that Frankland removed into Westmorland, he was
early disappointed. The Westmorland authorities were
soon aware of the law-breaker who had set up an Academ}^
within their jurisdiction. On the 29th July, 1674, Oliver
Hey wood and other ministers " spent part of a day in
prayer at Mr. Cotton's at Denbigh,* on behalf of our
five sons with Mr. Frankland who is much threatened
and opposed in his work both of teaching and preaching."
" Oh how sweetly," continues Hey wood, " did God help
our hearts. Wednesday following Aug. 5 I had a letter
from my son Eliezer, which brings a return to prayer
for the justices condescended that he [Mr. Frankland]
should stay quietly till the next quarter sessions, viz.
at Michaelmas, then he might take an house 5 miles
from Kendal, but doe not prosecute at present."!
Michaelmas after Michaelmas came and went but still
Frankland stayed at Natland, well within the five-mile
limit from a corporate town. The magistrates, no doubt
illegally,:!: but perhaps to their credit, connived at Frank-
land breaking the law. Indeed Tong, one of Frankland' s
pupils, says it was " by the lenity of the Government "
that Frankland continued his academy. §
In its early days at Natland Frankland's Academy
contained very few pupils, probably fewer than a dozen,
a small though troublesome charge. As the result of
a suggestion, or a complaint, by Oliver Heywood, im-
provements were made in method. Writing to his father
on 17th December, 1674, Eliezer Heywood says, i. " Our
tutour according to your desire in your letter puts us
upon meeting togather to pray, every sabboth day night
* i.e., Denby in Kirkheaton parish.
t O. Heywood's Diaries, iii., i6i.
{ In 1676 Sir Philip Musgrave complained of the fewness of the Barony
magistrates " whose zeal for the Church has made them proceed to put in
execution the laws against the enemies of it." M. N. G. Gray's Presbyterianiatn
in Kendal, p. 8.
§ Tong's M. Henry, p. 201.
frankland's academy : rathmell and natland. 125
after he hath done preaching, we meet in our chamber,
and the young men are very wiUing. 2. Every Saturday
we chuse 12 or 13 divinity questions out of Amesius*
and dispute them pro and con before him on Munday
morning."!
Only a few weeks later Oliver Heywood and other
parents were concerned to hear from one of the pupils
that Mr. Frankland " was grown remisse and careles of
them." On 14th January, 1674-5, Heywood received
a letter from Frankland
who seems to complain of discouragements in his work from
friends as wel as opposition from enemys, saying if I may but
approve myself to God, and doe service that may be acceptable
to his servants, I desire no more — appealing to God in his en-
deavours that he hath not willingly [wittingly ?] omitted any
thing within the sphear of his power which he judged might have
a proper tendency to the advantage of those committed to his
charge. J
It is evident that at this early period the Academy was
in very serious danger. Tutor and pupils alike were
dissatisfied or discouraged, and Timothy Jolly, one of
the best of the latter, was very unwilling to continue his
studies. In 12 month, 1674 [February, 1674-5], his
father, Thomas Jolly, wrote " Some exercise also I had
as to the discouragement upon my younger son in his
place, but the lord heard solemn prayers in bowing his
heart to obey mee and to return unto Natland." §
A visit which Heywood made to Natland in April,
1675, seems to have settled any lingering doubts he may
have had concerning Frankland's performance of his
duties, and the young Heywoods' progress under him.
Heywood writes ; —
* William Ames, a Puritan theologian,
t Heywood's Diaries, ill., 164.
% Heywood's Diaries, iii., 164.
§ Jolly's Note Book, p. 19.
126 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Spent Lords day with them Apr. i8, was exceedingly melted and
carryed out in prayer and praise, had a considerable auditory it
was a good day,* Munday I heard their logick disputes, saw their
proficiency to my great satisfaction, as to humane learning.
Lords day night I went to my sons chamber-doore, heard them
at prayer together, Mr. Frankland and his wife gave them a
good character.!
A little later one of Heywood's sons ran into debt
buying books. Heywood had heard something not very
definite of this and " had formidable imaginations con-
cerning such miscarriages as I thought would cost them
their lives by the hands of justice, as a publick scandall
for some capital offence. "J This was early in January,
1675-6, and on the 27th of the same month Frankland
sent the unhappy father a " sad account of them, that
John had run 81i into debt."
In April, 1676, Heywood journeyed into Westmorland
to see his sons,
and though I had no good news of them, they having wasted me
a great deal of money I knew not how — but suspected the worst,
yet when I came thither I was comforted in all my bitter agonys
of affliction I had had for them, i, in that things were not so bad
as I imagined, they not having made such outrage as I feared,
theyr expences having been occasioned by Johns intangling
himself in borrowing 6 li. for Tho: Cotton, to pay for bookes
he had bought, and so shifting from one to another, which drew
him to needles expences and unsuitable company. §
Heywood, on this visit, tells us that he " was able to
discharge my sons quarterage to Mr. Frankland which
was 6 li. to pay my sons debts which they had contracted
which was near 8 li. — to leave 20 sh. in Mr. Franklands
* One of Heywood's sermons at Natland was " concerning spiritualizing
of all parts of human learning as Grammar, Rhetorick, Logick, Philosophy "
{Diaries, iv., 164).
t Heywood's Diaries, iii., 165.
} Heywood's Diaries, iii., 171.
§ Heywood's Diaries, iii., 172.
frankland's academy : rathmell and natland. 127
hands on their behalf."* As Heywood had two sons
at Natland a payment of £6 as " quarterage " suggests
that Frankland's fee for boarding and tuition was only
£12 a year for each pupil.
Thomas Jolly visited Kendal in 1676 : " My business
then at Kendale was to speak to the young schollars
with Mr. Frankland, where and at Bolton [le Sands] and
Lancaster I felt my whole man wonderfully renewed. "f
* Heywood's Diaries, iii., 144.
t Note Book, p. 30.
128
IX.
Frankland's Academy :
Student-Life and Course of Study.
THE Natland Academy had overcome its early difficul-
ties. Mr. Frankland had a houseful of young men,
of whom, in 1676, no fewer than six proceeded to Scotland
to take degrees. The students doubtless behaved like
other young men of their age, and pursued their studies
with varying degrees of assiduity.* But even a frank and
anxious parent like Heywood records no dissipation or
immorality either of his sons or their companions. | The
boys studied and played and ran into debt. To physical
exercise we know that they were not indifferent, for in
1679 when John Frankland died, Nathaniel Heywood
wrote to his uncle Oliver " He was the strongest man of
his age in or about Natland, and excell'd all of us in any
exercise of body — his distemper came by a strain got with
leaping." + The scholars went to " the river to bath
them," and probably the bathing included swimming.
On one of these occasions Eliezer Heywood had a narrow
escape from drowning. He was pulled out of the water
by Timothy Jolly, who told Oliver Heywood of the
adventure a quarter of a century later. §
One of Frankland's pupils was drowned while learning
swimming, |1 and at least one other died while at the
* Dr. Clegg informs us that " while Mr. Ashe was with Mr. Frankland, he
followed his studies closely, and lost little time ; for he never minded Diversions
of any sort, either then or afterwards."
t In Zachary Taylor's Popery, superstition, ignorance and knavery, 1698,
p. 27 (quoted later), there is more than a hint of immorality amongst the
students who were at the Academy in Frankland's last years.
% Heywood's Diaries, iv., 263.
§ Heywood's Diaries, iv., 164. Oliver Heywood knew of this circumstance
soon after its occurrence (cf. Diaries, i., 204), but had forgotten it by 1700.
II Heywood's Diaries, ii., 364.
frankland's academy : student life. 129
Academy. Joseph Lister of Kipping, the father of David
Lister, has left an account of his son's death : —
Mr. Frankland sent a messenger to inform me my son was fallen
sick of a fever, and was dangerously ill. I went to see him, and
found him very weak. I staid about a week with him, and all
that time he seemed better, and there was a great probability
of his recovery. It being the beginning of winter, I thought it
best for him to come home, and having ordered for his journey
as soon as he should be able to travel, I left him, expecting him
to follow me ; but in fourteen days all our hopes were over-
turned, for Mr. Frankland sent another messenger to tell me he
was worse after I went away, and desired me to go again ; which
I did, and got thither on Thursday in the afternoon. My son
was glad to see me, yet feared I should get my death by those
long journies, being verj?- cold, frosty and snowy weather. He
was now grown very weak, yet very sensible of his case, and on
Saturday, in the evening, he died very comfortably, having only
preached three times to great satisfaction, in the one and twentieth
5^ear of his age. So I had the happiness to be with him at his
death ; and wrote a letter to my dear wife that night — sent it
to her on the Monday, and on the Tuesday I laid him in his grave
at Kendall, and on the Thursday I got home again. I feared
this sad stroke would break my wife's heart, but blessed be God !
she bore it with uncommon fortitude.*
Apart from the brief letter by Eliezer Heywood, already
quoted, we have no account by a student of life at the
Natland Academy. At a somewhat later date we have
two accounts by Dr. Clegg which, though written of the
Attercliffe and Rathmell periods, give us what is probably,
in essentials, also an account of the Natland period of the
Academy. Dr. Clegg's first account is in his life of John
Ashe.j Ashe left Wirksworth School and was
plac'd under that well-known Tutor, the Rev. Mr. Frankland,
M.A., who had then under his Conduct, the most numerous and
* Life of Joseph Lister, p. 27.
t Assistance in preparing for death and judgment. A discourse occasioned
by the sudden death of the Reverend Mr. John Ashe, pp. 53-56. For the loan of
this scarce volume we are indebted to W. H. G. Bagshawe, Esq., of Ford,
and to the good offices of Mr. C .T. Tallent Bateman, of Manchester.
K
130 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
flourishing private Academy in England, and who was indeed,
by great Learning, Wisdom, and an admirable Temper, excel-
lently qualified for the Post and Service. In the space of a few
years he had to the number of three hundred and upwards under
his tuition ; some of them intended for the Law, some for Physick,
but most of them for the Ministry of the Gospel ; and I never
knew a Tutor so entirely belov'd by them all, nor one that so well
deserv'd it. His unaffected Gravity, sweetned with Candour,
Meekness and Humility, procur'd him that Esteem and Veneration
even from the most licentious, that made them ever afraid of
grieving or offending him.
Very few, indeed, of any Persuasion, convers'd with him, but
they respected and valued him ; for he was a Man of great
Moderation, of a truly charitable Disposition, and studious to
do good in all relations.
Yet his great Worth could not secure him from a great deal
of Disturbance and Vexation, which was given him by the Spiritual
Courts. He was frequently cited and prosecuted, and, at last,
excommunicated, to the great prejudice of both the Tutor and
his Pupils, as constraining him to remove frequently from place
to place, to keep out of their merciless hands ; and his Troubles
were renewed, and continued from year to year till his death ....
The candid Reader will forgive me this Digression ; I could
not forbear the Payment of this small Tribute of Gratitude to
one of the best of Men, my Reverend Tutor.
The Method observ'd in the Academy was this, —
The whole Family was called to Prayer exactly at seven in
the morning, Summer and Winter : About an hour after Break-
fast, the several Classes, according to their Seniority, were called
into the Lecture-Room, and the Tutor, and his Assistant, con-
tinued reading Lectures to them till Noon.
After Dinner, the Students that minded their business retir'd
to their Closets till six at night, and were then called to Prayers.
After Supper, the most diligent and studious met, eight or ten
in a Chamber, to confer about their reading, and any Difficulties
they had met with in it, and one of them prayed before they
parted. — On Thursdays the Students exhibited Theses, on such
Subjects as were given them, and disputed in publick on such
Questions as the Tutor appointed. On that night, after Supper,
they had often Disputations in their Chambers, on such Questions
as they agreed to debate. On Saturdays, before the Evening-
Prayers, one read in publick what was called an Analysis, or
methodical and critical Dissertation on some Verses of a Psalm
1
()>
- g
2 -^i-t^-i.-
frankland's academy : student life. 131
or some Chapter of the New Testament ; but this was not ex-
pected from any in their first years. After Supper, on that
night, they met in their Chambers to confer on some practical
Subject, arid concluded with Prayer ; which each perform'd in
his turn, but only one of a night.
Ashe continued at the iVcademy,
till he had gone thro' the usual Course of Logick, Metaphysicks,
Somatology, Pneumatology, natural Philosophy, Divinity, and
Chronology ; during which he writ over the accurate Tables his
Tutor had drawn up for instructing his Pupils in those Sciences,
which cost him no little Time and Pains.
One of the " tables " here mentioned is now in the
possession of Mr. W. Ridley Richardson, M.A., of Bromley,
Kent, a descendant of Christopher Richardson, one of
Frankland's pupils. It is a little book of nearly 200
pages. The inscription, "E libris Roberti Whitaker pret :
o6d. 1674," shows that it had at one time belonged to a
still earlier pupil, Robert Whitaker. The early part is
in Whitaker's handwriting, and we may presume that
on his removal from the Academy the book passed into-
the possession of Christopher Richardson, who may have
completed the volume — the latter part of which is in a
different handwriting to the earlier. This memento of
Frankland's Academy contains the " tables " in the
course of Logic. It begins " Quaestiones qugedam
LOGICS perspicue discussae et determinatae." A few
examples of the questions will indicate their nature : —
Qu. I. An disciplina ilia quae Rationem instituit rectius dicatur
Logica, an Dialectica ?
Qu. 2. An Tractatio Prsedicamentorum proprie pertinent ad
Logicam ?
Qu. An Causa sit tons omnis Scientiae. Aft.
Quest. An finis proprie possit Distribuis. Neg:
Dr. Clegg has also left us a description of his own student
life at Rathmell.*
* Clegg's Diary. Ed. by Kirke, pp. 20-23.
132 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1695 I '^^^s s^'^t ^o ^^^® Reverend Mr Franklands, at Rathmel,
a noted Academy in the North. He had at that time about
80 young men boarded with him and in the Town near him, to
whom he read lectures with the help of an assistant. About a
dozen more came near that time, and were formed into a class.
Amongst others Mr Harvey of Chester, Mr Bassnet, and Murray
of that Town, Mr Horrabin and others. We entered with Logick ;
I followed my studies very close and made as considerable a
progress as most there. One tutor was a Ramist, but we read
the Logick both of Aristotle and of Ramus,* and within the
compass of the first year I was thought an acute disputant in that
way. But about that time I fell into perplexing doubts about
the existence of God, and a future state, which put me on reading
all the books I could compass on these subjects much more
early than I otherwise should have done ; but I went on with
my studies thro' metaphysicks and pneumatology which took
up the three years I spent there. My bedfellow was Mr Edw.
Jolly a bulky young man, and not of the strictest morals, he was
the biggest man in the house and I the least. But there were
some serious youths, some of our class and some seniors that
met at our chamber for conference on some practical subject
and prayer on the Saturday afternoon, which was of great use
to me. On Thursday afternoon we sometimes met for disputation,
and often each night we had a conference on what we had been
reading that day. About a dozen of us agreed that one should
sit up all night and call the rest up next morning about four
o'clock, and we went to bed at ten or eleven. This we took by
turns and spent about fourteen hours each day in hard study,
during which time I eat very little and drunk less, and found
myself so very light and easy that I was ready to imagine that
with a very little help I could fly. But my weak constitution
could not long bear this course. The greatest inconvenience I
found was the coldness of the weather in that climate in the
Winter, which affected my feet more than any other part .
[An illness followed.] After this illness I grew more remiss in
my studies being advized not to hazard my health, and to prevent
the return of a like disorder I was persuaded to smoke Tobacco
which drew me into inconveniences, and caused the loss of much
precious time. Too much of it was also spent in conversing
with the Ladies, Mr Frankland's daughters, which first led me
* Petrus Ramus was a French philosopher who opposed the philosophy of
Aristotle.
FRANKLAND S ACADEMY : STUDENT LIFE. I33
to read Poetry and Novels and such like trash, which I found
reason to wish I had never meddled with. In the midst of these
dangers I had the happiness of a good wise affectionate real
friend Mr James Openshaw, a man of deep thought, of a clear
head, strict morals, great piety, and of a free communicative
temper to me. To his example advice and instructions it was
chiefly owing under God that I was not quite ruined at that
time.
In the 3rd year that I spent at Rathmel, Mr John Evans of
Wrexham in Wales (afterwards Dr Evans of Hand Alley, London)
became my bed-fellow. He was a man of very good natural
parts and gentile behaviour, and a close student. ]\Ir Jenkin
Evans afterwards Minister at Oswestry was another of my
familiar friends, a man of great seriousness. But there were
others I conversed with sometimes of a different stamp by whom
I was sometimes led into wild foolish frolicks, but blessed be
God I was preserved in some good measure free from scandalous
vices.
Dr. Clegg's account of the curriculum at Frankland's
Academy may be compared with the much more detailed
one of that of another Academy, of which the Tutor
was the Rev. John Kerr, M.D. The observations to the
honour of the Tutor, might, we are sure, refer as much
to Richard Frankland as to Dr. Kerr. The account is
quoted from one of the replies to the Rev. Samuel Wesley's
criticisms of the dissenting academies : — *
'Twas our Custom to have Lectures appointed to certain Times,
and we began the Morning with Logick : the System we read was
Hereboord, which is the same that is generally read at Cambridge.
But our Tutor always gave us Memoriter the Harmony or Oppo-
sition made to him by other Logicians. Of this the most Diligent
took Notes, and all were advis'd to read Smiglecius, Derodon,
Colbert, Ars Cogitandi, and Le Clerk, or whatever Books of that
nature we occasionally met with. Being initiated in Philosophical
Studies by this Art, we made another step by reading Goveani
Elenctica : which being done.
* A Defence of the Dissenters education in their private academies : in answer
to Mr. W — y's Disingenuous and Unchristian Reflections upon Vw. In a.
letter to a Noble Lord. 1703. Anonymous, but written by Samuel Palmer.
134 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
The next superior Class read Metaphy sicks, of which Fromenius's
Synopsis was our Manual : and by Direction of our Tutor, we
were assisted in our Chambers by Baronius, Suarez, and Colbert.
Ethicks was our next Study, and our System Hereboord : in reading
whicli, our Tutor recommended to our Meditation Dr. Hen.
More, Tull. de Q-ff. Marc. Antonin. Epictet. with tire Comments
of Arrian and Simplicius, and tlie Proverbs of Solomon : and
under this Head the Moral Works of the great Puffendorf.
The highest Class were ingag'd in Natural Philosophy, of which
Le Clerk was our System, whom we compar'd with the Antients
and other Moderns, as Aristotle, Cartes, Colbert, Staire, &'C. We
disputed every other Day in Latin upon the several Philosophical
Controversies ; and as these Lectures were read off, some time
was set apart to introduce Rhetorick, in which the short Piece
of J oh. Ger. Vossius was used in the School ; but in our Chambers
we were assisted by his larger Volume, Aristotle, and Tull. de
Oral. These Exercises were all perform'd every Morning, except
that on Mondays we added as a Divine Lecture some of Buchanan's
Psalms, the finest of the kind, both for Purity of Language and
exact Sense of the Original ; and on Saturdays all the superior
Classes declaim'd by Turns, Four and Four, on some noble and
"useful Subject, such as
De Pace,
Logican: magis inserviat ccBteris Disciplinis an Rhetorica ?
De Connubio Virtutis cum Doctrina, &c.
And I can say that these Orations were for the most part of
uncommon Elegance, Puritj^ of Stile, and Manly and Judicious
Composures.
After Dinner our Work began in order, by reading some one
of the Greek or Latin Historians, Orators or Poets : Of the first,
I remember Sallust, Curtius, Justin, and Paterculus : of the
second, Demosthenes, Tully and Isocrates Select Orations : and of
the last. Homer, Virgil, Juvenal, Persius and Horace. This
Reading was the finest and most delightful to young Gentlemen
of all others ; because it was not in the pedantick Method of
common Schools : But the Delicacy of our Tutor's Criticisms, his
exact Description of Persons, Times, and Places, illustrated by
referring to Rosin, and other Antiquaries, and his just Application
of the Morals, made such a lasting Impression as render'd all our
other Studies more facile. In Geography we read Dionysii Peri-
£Bgesis compar'd with Cluverius Ed. Bunonis, which at this
Lecture always lay upon the Table.
Mondays and Fridays we read Divinity, of which the first
frankland's academy : student life. 135
Lecture was always in the Greek Testament : and it being our
Custom to go tlirougla it once a Year ; we seldom read less than
SIX or seven Chapters, and this was done with the greatest
Accuracy. We were obhg'd to give the most curious Etimons,
and were assisted with the Synopsis Criticorum, Martinius,
Favorinus and Hesychius Lexicons : and 'twas expected that the
Sacred Geography and Chronology should be pecuharly observ'd
and answer'd too at Demand, of which I never knew my Tutor
spanng. The other Divinity Lecture was the Synopsis Purioris
Theologies, as very accurate and short ; and we were advis'd
to read by our selves the more large Pieces, as Turretine, Theses
Salmur, Baxteri Methodus, and Archbishop Usher. — And on
particular Controversies, many Excellent Authors ; as on Original
Sin, Plocceus, and Barlow de Natura niali : on Grace and Free-
will, Rutherford, Strangius, and Amyraldus : on the Popish
Controversie, Amesii Belarminus enervatus, and The Modern
Disputes during the Reign of King James : on Episcopacy, Altar e
Damascenum, Bishop Hall, and Mr. Baxter : on Church-Govern-
ment, Bishop Stillingfleet's Irenicum, Dr. Owen, and Rutherford :
and for Practical Divinity, Baxter, Tillotson, Charnock, &c. In
a word, the best Books both of the Episcopal, Presbyterian, and
Independent Divines, were in their order recommended, and
constantly us'd by those of us who were able to procure 'em ;
and all or most of these I can affirm were the Study of all the
Pupils with whom I was intimate.
I must not pass this over without an Observation or two to
the Honour of my Tutor.
1. That I never heard him make one unhandsome Reflection
on the Church of England, tho' I know he abhorr'd the profane
Faction that confidently assume that Honourable Name : but
have heard him speak with that high Character of the Piety,
Vertue, and Learning of my Lord of London,* as exceeds all
that the Episcopal Clergy themselves usually speak of that
Prelate.
2. That in all Controverted Points he never offered to impose
upon the Judgment of his Pupil. The Doctrine of the 17th
Article of the Church of England, which affirms the strictest
Predestination, has been a Question much agitated, and with
unaccountable Heat, and is therefore necessary for Divines to
understand : Hereupon he always took care to give us just
Ideas of it, by a View of all that has been said on everjT^ side,
* This would be Henry Compton, Bishop of London.
136 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
and forming perhaps invincible Arguments for his own Notions,
but yet witli great Generosity wou'd entreat us to consider tlie
Importance of the Point, and Danger of Error ; and left it to
our more ripe Judgments to determine our Assent. He was
the same Encourager of free and large Thoughts in every part
of our Studies. Thus he fill'd up the Character of a Curious
Critick, Penetrating Philosopher, a Deep and Rational Divine,
and an Accurate Historian. In a word, I must believe that no
Man living can perform Academical Readings better ; and that
his Pupils, in proportion to their Number, are equal in Learning
and Vertue to those of any University in Europe.
I have not said any thing of the Order of our House, and our
Moral Conversation, which in the most was unexceptionable.
My Tutor began the Morning with Publick Prayer in the School,
which he perform'd with great Devotion, but not with equal
Elegance and Beauty in English ; but in Latin, in which he often
pray'd, no Man cou'd exceed him both for exact Thought, curious
Stile, and devout Pathos.
At Divinity Lectures the Eldest Pupils pray'd, with whom
I have often join'd with peculiar Delight, and gone away with a
raised Mind. Men of lesser Genius were allow'd Forms of their
own Composure, or others, as they thought proper. Prayer in
the Family was so esteem'd, that I do not know that it was once
omitted ; and to prevent any Disorder, Nine a Clock was the
latest Hour for any Person to be Abroad. Obscene or Profane
Discourse, if known, wou'd have procur'd Expulsion, and the
smallest Vanities Reproof, which my Tutor knew how to give
with a just and austere Resentment. I do not say, my Lord,
but that some Pupils broke through these Rules ; For who can
restrain the Folly of Youth, or prevent the Ebullitions of vain
Wit which young Men are always fond of shewing : But I can
affirm that the Strictness of our Conversation either reform'd
these, or else Drove them from us, who immediately took
Sanctuary in the Church of England, which is fit to be reflected
on by Mr. W — y himself.
I can't be so particular with respect to other private Academies,
but I have heard by the most Creditable Evidence that Vertue,
Piety, and Learning, shine very bright among 'em. Those in
the West have shew'd their own Character by the numerous
Pupils they have bred, who are most of 'em of superior Learning
and distinguished Vertue : And for those Tutors, with whom I
have the Honour of any Acquaintance, I believe they are inferior
to none in any University, either for their Learning of every
frankland's academy : student life. 137
sort, or their Temper, and Generous, Pious Conversation. But
I must not enter on a particular Character, having given so full
an Account of our Method of Education already.
Frankland's theology and that of his Academy was
Calvinistic. Of this we are left in no doubt, for there
is contemporary evidence that Mr. Frankland's " little
Striphngs " were notorious Calvinists. Shortly before
Frankland's death a controversy took place between
Thomas Gipps, Rector of Bury, Lancashire, and James
Owen, minister of Oswestry. Many interesting books
and pamphlets were issued by the doughty combatants,
and one of Owen's tracts* contains the foHowing
passages : —
He [Gipps] wonders with what Confidence the little Striplings which
Mr. Frankl. Instructs, so soon as they have Commenced, he knows
not what Degree, are ready to determine the Cavtse between Arminius
and Calvin, as if they were Doctors of the Chair.
I am afraid our Rector is no great Philosopher ; for a Philoso-
pher, who inquires into the Reasons of things, wonders at nothing ;
but,
1. Why should he wonder that Mr. Fr.'s Pupils should with the
same freedom determine for Calvin, that many raw Youths that
come from the Universities do for liis beloved Arminius ? Can
that be a Crime in ours, which passes for a Vertue in theirs ?
2. To cure his wonder, I will tell him the Reason why they
determine against Arminius, because Judicious and Learned
Mr. Fr. who as little needs my Comtnendation, as he fears the
Rector's Censure, directs his Pupils to the Study of the Scriptures,
and their own Hearts, which will enable them betimes to exalt
the Free Grace of God, and to depress the proud and enslaved
Will of Man.
3. One that is a Genuine Son of the Church, will not wonder
that Mr. Fr. should acquaint his Scholars with the Orthodox
Ancient Doctrine of the Church of England, whose Learned
Divines subscribed the Decrees of the Calvinstic Synod of Dort,
in Conformity to the Doctrine of the English Church, which
* Tutamen Evangelicum, 1697, pp. 4-6. See also Charles Owen's Validity
of the Dissenting ministry, 1716 (p. 94), an abridgement of James Owen's
pamphlets.
138 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
preferred them after their return, and never Censured that Act
of theirs.
The Sense of the Church of England may be seen in her Articles,
whereof the Tenth is against Free-Will, the Thirteenth against
Works preparatory to Grace, and the Seventeenth for Predestination
and Election.
Why may not Mr. Fr. Scholars as well Determine for the
Doctrine contain'd in the Articles of the Church of England,
which they Sincerely and Honestly Subscribe, as Mr. G. and his
Friends do determine against the Doctrine of the Church, under
the odious Name of Calvinism ? Who yet make shift to Subscribe
her Articles, by the help of a sorry distinction, that they Subscribe
them not as Articles of Faith, but as Articles of Peace ; a Dis-
tinction that may help a Man to swallow the Mass or the Alcoran,
when his Peace and Temporal Advantages require it. Mr. Fr's.
little Striplings, (as he calls them) Thanks be to God, are better
instructed.
4. As to Scholastical Degrees, they are Ornamental Titles of
no great Antiquity in the Christian World, invented in the
Lateran Council, Ann. Dom. 1215. A wise Man values Persons
by their real Worth, and not by empty Titles, which are most
coveted by such as are least worthy of them ; and since the new
Conformity, clog'd with such conditions, as the Dissenters cannot
comply with.
The course of study at Frankland's Academy was
similar to that at the universities, and included all the
comparatively limited range of subjects which were then
regarded as essential to a learned man. All teaching
at both the Academy and the universities was done
in Latin. The scholars who had passed through Frank-
land's Academy and its successors were men of at least
as much culture as those who had been at the universities.
After naming a few ministers, including several of Frank-
land's scholars, Dr. Calamy, writing in 1713, says " tho'
they had mostly a private Education they were yet men
of that worth, that neither Oxford nor Cambridge would
have needed to have been asham'd to have produc'd
them."* In reply to attacks made by Samuel Wesley
* Ace, p. xxxii.
frankland's academy, student life. 139
(son of a Nonconformist clergyman and himself a 'vert
to the Establishment) on Nonconformists in general and
their academies in particular, Samuel Palmer* lays his
finger on the weakest spot of the Nonconformist academies,
the lack of libraries, for which the tutor's private col-
lection, however large, was a poor substitute: — j
Let it be observ'd, that we ever acknowledg'd, that the
Universities liave advantages superior, in many respects to our
private schools : and as I made this concession before, when I
positively declar'd, that we had ever cultivated a just esteem
of those honourable societies, and that it was our grief we cou'd
not have our education among 'em, (See my Def. p. 9) so upon
review we say that we have been always ready to pay every just
respect to 'em. But then we afhrm, that the superiority does
not consist in the wondrous learning of the publick tutors, or
that our private ones must needs be ignorant, and our pupils
proportionably blockheads, or that our candidates can't merit
the character of scholars under their conduct, and degrees too,
if we had power to confer 'em : But on account of the advantages
of the publick libraries, to which graduates are admitted, which
is a benefit we must needs want, and which can be obtain'd by
none but men of condition and fortune among us, who are able
to supply this defect by collections of their own, and therefore
besides the happy advantage of being able to write M.A. upon
a title page, if the riches and honours of the universities, if their
laboratories, gardens, and noble libraries, are to be brought
into the balance, I know no Dissenter that is fool enough to deny
their superiority to our schools, and tho' by our industry we
make some amends for these defects, we can't but regret that
we are unjustly barr'd from a converse with that part of the
learned world, whose works are not only chain'd to their classes,
but to a party that has got the possession of 'em.
A later authority. Principal Gordon, says of the
academies : —
They desired to keep alive in their land the solid substance of
the best university learning. They did not profess to grant
* Vindication of the Dissenters, 1705, p. 25.
t The students at the Manchester Academy of Chorlton and Coningham had
access to the line free library founded by Humfrey Chetham.
140 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
degrees ; though, had they done so, I suspect that a degree at
Rathmell in the seventeenth century, or one at Daventry in the
eighteenth, would have meant a good deal more than a contem-
porary degree either at Oxford or at Cambridge, if measured,
not by its value for merely social purposes, but by its worth as
an index of the intellectual stimulus promoted by careful and
enlightened study.*
Even the enemies of the academies gave testimony
to their status as educational institutions. Robert
Marsden, in his funeral sermon for one of Frankland's
conformist pupils, f says : —
He was bred up in his mother's way, (but this the best among
the Dissenters) the way of the Presbyterians ; which gives a
better education, and is less enthusiastick than that of the other
Dissenters, and approached nearest to the Church of England.
In this way he was designed for the Ministry, and in order
to it, sent (not to one of our Universities, but) to a private School
or Academy, of good account, in which way of education, would
naturally be instilled into him such notions as would tend to
disaffect him to the way of the Church.
But undoubtedly the highest testimony to the quality
of the teaching at the Academies is that the tutors, who
were usually Cambridge or Oxford men, were reproached
with breaking an oath which all graduates had to swear,
not to lecture in any other place than the other university.
The object of the oath was to prevent the establishment
of rival universities. If the " academies " were not
recognized as places where university learning was taught,
the reproach was without point. J
So well recognized was the completeness of the academy
course that the University of Edinburgh admitted
Frankland's students to degrees after only one session
at the University.
* Early nonconformity and education, p. 6.
■f Funeral sermon for Joseph Crompton, 1729, p. 18.
% Calamy's Cont., p. 177, contains a long argument on the question of
university oaths by Charles Morton, tutor of one of the academies.
frankland's academy : student life. 141
Aspland quotes a letter addressed by Frankland to
Thomas Elston, one of his earhest pupils, which refers
incidentally to several young men who were then about
to travel north to take the degrees denied to them in
England.*
My dear Friend, — I could not well be longer silent without telling
you how we are and enquiring how you doe. We all here (through
mercy) are in health, and, which is more, we are yet, through the
wonderful! care and protection of our Heavenly Father, in peace.
It seems strange to all that consider of it how it should be soe,
but I desire wholly to look beyond second causes as to this.
There be six of our family just now goeing for Scotland, in order
to their becoming graduates in the spring, viz : Sam Yates, John
Haywood, and his brother, Thom. Cotton, Chr. Richardson and
Gift Kirby. Their godly parents were very doubtfull what to
resolve about their goeing, in respect of the times, and that dark
cloud which still hangs over us. Yet at least [i.e., last] they have
concluded to let them goe, but have engaged me to goe along
with them. John Issot stays with me. Severall (through mercy)
of our late Dissenting Professors are now come in, and our
number is considerably increased. Thers great hopes of the
Gospells successe if our peace and liberty be continued. Dear
Friend, let us hear how it is with you, and with that worthy
family wherein God hath cast you. That relation you gave in your
letter of soe worthy a son of the late eminent Dr. Ames was noe
small comfort to me. I would willingly goe some miles to see
him (should Providence cast me into your parts) for his father's
sake, but whether ever that may be is very doubtfull. t
Pray, dear Friend, let me hear fully how it is with you in all
respects, and impart what news you have. Time will not suffer
me to enlarge : soe with mine and all our dear respects to you,
leaveing [you] in the armes of our gracious Father, I rest your
ever affectionately endeared friend.
Ri. Franckland.
Natl. Sept. 25, 1676.
* Aspland's Brief Memoirs of Frankland and Sampson, p. 16.
t The son of Dr. Ames here referred to would be WilUam Ames, M.A., one
of the early graduates of Harvard. He was ejected from Wrentham, Suffolk,
and was afterwards a Nonconformist there. Elston, to whom the letter was
addressed, was chaplain to a gentleman at Wattisrield in the neighbourhood
of Wrentham.
142
X.
Richard Frankland, M.A. :
Ordinations and Persecution.
WE have seen that Frankland had a thorough behef
in the vaHdity of his own Presbyterian ordination.
From 1662 to 1672 the Presbyterian Dissenters in the
North had managed without fresh ministers or else the
ministers were not ordained. In 1672 three young men
were ordained at Manchester,* but the example then
set was not followed until 1678. In the meantime the
ranks of the ejected ministers had been thinned by
death and conformity, and the young men who had
taken their places were not ordained and, according to
the view of the times, could not fulfil all the functions of
a minister, especially the administration of the sacraments.
Frankland had shown in his own case the importance
he attached to a definite ceremony of ordination or
setting apart for the ministry. No doubt, to set a good
example in this direction, he caused his assistant Issot
to be ordained. His reasons were probably those he
gave in a letter written at a much later date (9th August,
1694), but evidently embodying his life-long opinion.
I am troubled to hear that the persons you mention do upon
such weak grounds (so far as I understand them) put off their
ordination, especially when grave ministers would not only argue
them into their duty, but would likewise contribute their help
to them. If they should persist in their present course of preach-
ing without being ordained, it would give great offence, and also
open the mouths of those enemies of the truth, whom we have
* O. Heywood's Diaries, iii., 115. In Somersetshire George Trosse was
ordained in 1666 at a time when persecution was at its height (Isaac Gilling's
Life of Trosse, 1715, p. 21).
RICHARD FRANKLAND : ORDINATIONS. I43
sometimes more sharply reproved for their acting as ministers
without a due ministerial call ; besides, (as you hint) they might
first, in general, be ordained ministers, and then they might,
with better right, order and direct their people ; they cannot
expect to have the divisions that are amongst the people removed,
till Christ's disciphne takes place amongst them.
The ordination in 1678 of John Issot was the first
Nonconformist ordination in the North, apart from the
sporadic ordination in Manchester during the Indulgence
of 1672, and the ordination having been conducted under
Frankland's own supervision and at his suggestion, we
may be excused if we quote from Oliver Heywood* a
detailed account of it : —
Upon July 8, 1678, we had a solemne and weighty undertaking
upon our hands, and our God ordered the matter very graciously.
It was this, Mr. Frankland having been at my house, f but a little
before had spoken to me about a way for setting apart young
schoUars to the ministry, that some provision might be made
for a succession of fit persons in Gods way to doe Gods work, in
after-times (since so many were dying,) that might be regularly
set apart by examination and imposition of hands. We consented
to it in general, and in speciall the person to be ordained was Mr.
John Issot, who is Mr. Frankland's assistant in preaching and
teaching, living in his family, one of his schollars, my sons con-
temporary, an able serious young man. I was to bring Mr.
Dawson with me, Mr. Frankland was to bring one Mr. SleeJ with
him to carry on the work, the appointment was in May, the time
appointed was July 8 : in the interim one Mr. Darlington, or
Darn ton, § living near Rippon made his addresse to me with
requests to be set apart to his work, and Mr. Thorp of Hopton
Hall did also move on his own behalf. I acquainted Mr. Frank-
land therewith by letter, and had his consent and concurrence.
In the meantime I also writ to my good friend, Mr. Tho. Jolly
desiring his assistance therein, knowing his principles to be for
* Diaries, ii., 194-197; cf. also ii., 25.
t 17th May, 1678, " At night Mr. Frankland and his wife, son came to
us." {Diaries, ii., 63.)
} This was Anthony Sleigh, minister of Penruddock, Cumberland. •
§ John Darnton, who, though not ordained, was one of the ejected ministers.
There is a notice of him in Calamy, Ace, p. 831.
144 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
it, tlio' inclining to the Congregational way. At the time
appointed we met, which was at Richard Mitchels in Craven on
Munday, July 8, '78. When Mr. Frankland came, though he
brought some of his schoUars, yet he brought no minister, Mr.
Slee having been sick durst not travel so far. Mr. Jolly also
failed because he had no acquaintance with the persons to be
ordained, otherwise he would have come (for as himself saith in
a letter to me there by his son) ' I am heartily troubled that I
misse of such an opportunity of seeing such friends, of serving
the interest of the gospel, and giving a proof what my principles
are in these matters. ' Well upon these two thus failing and we
being but 3 to carry on the work, Mr. Thorp began to stagger
about staying, resolving to goe home, I discoursed him plainly
and fully, Mr. Frankland produced that text in Acts 13. i, 2, 3,
to prove there was but three to ordain and 2 ordained, for they
were but 5 in all : he was at last satisfied, stayed, he and I
preached to a full assembly of people on Tuesday at John Heys.
God did graciously assist, and afterwards I administered the
Lord's supper to about 20, wherein our dear Lord did graciously
manifest himself to our soules, and when we had got a little
refreshment we fell to our work of examining the young men
to lessen our work the day following. Mr. Frankland was our
mouth, examined them about Heb., in the Greek Testament, in
philosophy, in divinity authours. Mr. Thorp adhered to Mr.
Baxter in some points of faith justification, which Mr. Frankland
dis[puted ?],* which occasioned a short amicable dispute. So
we ended that days work and appointed to begin at 7 a clock the
morning after, began at 8 a clock on Wednesda}^ July 10, Mr.
Frankland begun the work with prayer, and after examination
of certificates proceeded. Mr. Thorp position'd on this thesis —
Datur Divina Providentia : had a learned discourse in Latin,
I and Mr. Dawson opposed him in a short dispute syllogistically :
then Mr. Issot positioned Quod Ordinatio per manuum imposi-
tionem per seniores (vulgo vocatos laicos) non est valida, it was
an excellent discourse, very large and cogent, yet we made our
objections. Then Mr. Darnton whose thesis was Non datur
omnibus Gratia sufficiens ad conversionem, he begged leave to
deliver himself in English which was permitted for the benefit
of such as were present, and did pretty well, though some of us
were not so fully satisfyed in his abilitys, yet having testimonial
of his pious conversation^ Mr. Frankland having known him
* Hunter (O. Heywood, p. 285) extends this " disowned."
RICHARD FRANKLAND : ORDINATIONS. I45
formerly in Northumberland, (he had preacht above 20 years
without ordination though he produced testimonials or appro-
bation by the commissioners for tryal of ministers in those parts,
he solemnly confessed his fault and defect, and had always
sought ordination, had never baptized, &c,) upon incouraging
grounds we entertained him, then we required them to make
a confession of their faith, which they did largely and distinctly.
Mr. Issot was exceedingly ample and exact, blessed be God
they all did well. Then Mr. Frankland inquired of them all
singly of their persuasion of the truth of the reformed religion,
their ends in entring into that calhng, diligence in praying,
reading, &c zeal and faithfulnes in maintaining the truth, care
of their flocks, familys, willingnes to submit to the admonitions
of their brethren and resolution to continue in their dutys against
all trouble and persecution &c. Mr. Dawson having been at
prayer before they made their confessions, then we proceeded
to imposition of hands, the question was whether we should do
that singly or conjointly. I apprehend it was most proper that
everyone should pray over them in particular ; so Mr. Frankland
began with Mr. Issot, who kneeled down before us, and when
Mr. Frankland came to those words (whom we set apart or
appoint) he having laid on hands, we did the like and kept them
on till the close ; then I prayed over Mr. Darnton, Mr. Dawson
over Mr. Thorp in like manner, then we gave them the right hand
of fellowship ov/ning them as our brethren in Christ's work, and
then we all sate down. I took a text and preacht upon it which
was Mat. 9. 38, insisting most upon the word — labourers, God
helping me graciously to open the laboriousnes of the ministerial!
calling, and presse it home upon them in particular, then I went
to prayer wherin God did wonderfully draw out my heart with
exceeding meltings for those brethren, for Mr. Frankland and
his scho liars, for the church, God helped them all to joyn, and
gave some remarkable evidences of his presence. Then we sung
part of the 132 psalm and so I dismist the assembly with pro-
nouncing the valedictory benediction. There was present in
this solemnity (besides us 6 that were imployed) divers others,
Mr. Frankland brought John Beck, a Christian friend out of
Westmorland, and some of his schollars, as my cozen Nath.
Heywood, Tim. Haliday, and from our side came my son John,
Mr. Gods-gift Kerby, Mr. Tho. Cotton, Mr. Christoph. Richardson,
my sons' companions, also Mr. Issot's father met his son there,
likewise some Christian friends in Craven were present, as Rich.
Mitchel, John Hey, their wives, Tho. Hey, John Wilkinson,
L
146 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Mtris Lambert &c, Thus God carryed us through the dutys of
the day with much satisfaction on all hands, some of the company
went part of the way homewards that night, the rest of us stayed
all night at those two houses who made us kindly welcome, (R.
Mitchel, John Hey), and lodged 14 of us, or 15, and were glad
of the opportunity, in the morning we all met again and took
our solemne and loving farewels of one another and so returned
to our homes. Blessed be God for this fruitful blossoming of
Aaron's rod, and the strong branches and sweet flowers issuing
thence, that are likely to prove pillars and ornaments in the
house of God. What a lovely sight was it to see so many hopefull
plants, and some willingly offering themselves in his despised
way in such an opposing day as this is ! Oh that the blessing
of Elijah might be upon Elisha ! there is hopes the vacant roomes
of God's deceased servants may be iilled up : Lord take thou
the glory and let the church have profit of these successours
labours.
On the first of August, 1679, Oliver Heywood, who
had lodged in Craven the previous night, " went forward
towards Westmorland attended with John Beck of
Kendal, [and] came to Mr. Franklands that night."
The next day, Saturday, he spent the morning discoursing
with Mr. Frankland and his scholars, and in the afternoon
went to Kendal, where he visited friends and was at the
Mayor's house. The Mayor at the time was Thomas
Jackson. Certainly the Mayor was not very strict in
enforcing the laws against conventicles, and we cannot but
suspect that he was a sympathizer with the Noncon-
formists. On the Sunday Heywood " preacht to Mr.
Frankland's people in a very full assembly in a great
hall belonging to Mr. Bellingham, farmed by Henry
Strickland, a very numerous assembly."* Probably
Henry Strickland's farm was at Stainton, as at a later
date Strickland is described as " of Stainton."
About the same time Heywood lent to Frankland a
copy of James Durham on Revelations.
In 1680 Frankland was in trouble with the ecclesiastical
* Heywood's Diaries, ii., 100, loi.
RICHARD FRANKLAND : ORDINATIONS. I47
authorities, probably for teaching without a hcence. As
Frankland was in York shortly before 24th August,
1680,* we may conclude that his business there was in
connection with this trouble. Evidently on this occasion
Frankland escaped the penalties or, having paid them,
received absolution. This we learn from Oliver Heywood,
who writes under date 29th May, 168 1 : —
Mr. Stanford! of Kendal was to publish an absolution of Mr,
Frankland, which was procured by Mtris JacksonJ off Mr. Cradock.
and instead of reading that, he said thus — I am to give you
notice that Mr. Rich. Frankland the ringleader of the Sectarys,
hath voluntarily submitted himself to the orders of the church,
and is reconciled to it, what his design is therin, I cannot divine
except it be to sue for his schollars pay to him, but methinks I
see him come with bended knees, tears in his eyes, confession in
his mouth, that he hath wronged the church of England, begging
pardon, promising reformation, and to be an obedient son of the
church, and resolving to come to the beginning of the service ;
and when he comes, good people let him come freely, and doe
not hinder him, but you'l say. How know you all this ? I
answer, I know no more of it than you doe. But the report
spread abroad of Mr. Frankland's conformity and people said
he had surely got a good living. §
Another ordination in which Frankland assisted took
place in Craven in August, 1680. On this occasion
Oliver Heywood, Joseph Dawson, and Thomas Jolly
met on the 24th, and spent the day in prayer and listening
to Timothy Hodgson, the candidate, praying and preach-
ing. Mr. Frankland did not arrive until evening, and
the examination of the candidate was deferred until his
arrival. When the ministers were consulting together
as to the work of the morrow, " Mr. Jolly moved to have
the ordination put off, but we had some reasons to the
* Heywood's Diaries, ii., 198.
•f Rev. Michael Stanford, Vicar of Kendal.
} Probably the wife of the Mayor of Kendal, whom Heywood saw in 1678.
§ Heywood's Diaries, ii., 21.
148 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
contrary which to us seemed weightier, and after some
debate we parted, Mr. Jolly returning home that night
and coming no more with us."* Jolly was evidently
much annoyed,! ^^'^ it may be that the annoyance was
shared by Frankland, who was absent from the ordination
at Sheffield on 25th April, 1681, of his pupil, Timothy
Jolly, son of Thomas Jolly. :j: Thomas Jolly's withdrawal
made no difference, and the ordination took place on the
following day. Heywood writes : —
I lodged at Rich. Mitchels again tliat night, Mr. Frankland at
John Heys, the next morning we met at John Heys about 9
a clock, half an hour after we begun with solemne prayer, Mr.
Dawson began, Mr. Issot followed, they were much helped, then
we fell to examining Mr. Hodgson who brought a testimonial
under the hands of Sr. John Hewly and Mr. Ward for his piety,
studiousness and conversation, then we examined him in the
languages, philosophy. Divinity. Mr. Frankland carryed on
that work, then he read his thesis upon this Qu. An ordinatio
ministri sine titulo i.e sine Ecclesia in qua or dinar etur sit csque
ridicula ac si quis mariius fingeretur esse sine uxore ? He main-
tained the negative, we all objected. After a considerable [time]
in this, he proceeded to his confession of faith and his answering
the several interrogatorys, accoi^ding to the Directory, and then
Mr. Frankland went to prayer, and at last I was appointed to
pray over him, and first lay hands on him, the persons that laid
hands on him with myself were Mr. Frankland, Mr. Dawson, Mr.
Wright, Mr. Issott, there was several schollars and others present,
some came off our side as my son John, Mr. Cotton, Mr. Kerby ;
with Mr. Frankland, Mr. Haliday, Mr. John Lister, Mr. Peter
Finch, besides John Beck, John Wilkinson, John Hey, Richard
Mitchel, Mtris Lambert and several more, — in the upshot of all
I preacht upon i Tim. 4. 15 and then shut up all with prayer,
singing, and pronouncing a blessing, we had done about half an
hour after 5, so that we spent 8 houres in the more solemne
ordinances of that day, which was indeed a sweet and blessed
day wherin God did graciously manifest his presence, blessed
be the name of our dear Lord.§
* Heywood's Diaries, ii., igS.
t Note Book, p. 43.
% Heywood's Diaries, ii., 199.
§ Heywood's Diaries, ii., 198, 199.
RICHARD FRANKLAND : ORDINATIONS. I49
Apropos of Timothy Jolly's ordination, Oliver Heywood
wrote : —
It is a wonderful transcendent mercy that in such a day as this
is, God raiseth up out of private schools so many young men
so well furnished with learning, gifts, graces for his work as a
seminary for the church to build up waste places of Zion.*
The next ordination in which Frankland took part
was that of John Heywood, one of his early pupils and
son of his old friend Oliver Heywood. Thomas Cotton
and Eliezer Heywood were intended to have been ordained
at the same time, but illness had prevented their presence.
The ordination took place in Craven on 23rd August,
1681, and Frankland prayed for half an hour or more
with much seriousness and gave the new presbyter the
right hand of fellowship.!
Mr. Jolly had been invited to assist in the ordination,
but he raised personal objections to the young candidate,
and also declared his judgment that he " ought to be
set apart in the church to which he was related. "J The
latter is, of course, the standpoint of the convinced Congre-
gationahst, and it is not surprising that Jolly was not
present. The place was selected as being a convenient
centre for the gathering, which was attended by many
of Frankland' s pupils.
Mr. Frankland took an interest in John Heywood,
recommended him as preacher in " two places toward
Westmorland in private houses," § where John Heywood
preached from September, 1681, to May, 1682.
" My son went to Mr. Franklands who made him
welcom, told him it should be his home while he stayd
in these parts." He " continued most of the winter at
* Diaries, ii., 201.
t Heywood's Diaries, ii., 204.
X Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 303.
§ Heywood's Diaries, ii., 205. One of these houses was John Thornton's
at Melling, 9 miles from Lancaster. The other house was John Thornbeck's at
Middleton Head, near Sedbergh.
150 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Mr. Frankland's," the distance of whose house from the
scene of John Heywood's labours necessitated a horse,
the keep of which at an alehouse " run up to incredible
charges."*
In 16S2 Oliver Heywood was again at Natland, and has
left an interesting account of the visit. f He left Coley
on May 15th with his friend Jonathan Priestley, baited
at Red Lion near Kildwick, and stayed the night at
Settle. On May i6th they baited at Thornton near
Ingleton, and were there joined by John Heywood.
Then they rode to Kirkby Lonsdale and " came to Mr.
Frankland at Rathmel " [sic] that night. J The events of
the following days are told in Heywood's own words : —
— 17 Wednesday morning God helped me in my parlour in
secret prayer lying alone. After prayers in the family breakfast,
We called all the family and schollars of the house together,
with all above 20, and I spent more than two houres with them.
praying, preaching purposely to the schollars from 2 Chron. 29.
II, " My sons be not now negligent." I had purposely studied
it. God helped me. After dinner Mr. Frankland, Jo. Priestley,
his son, Mr. Halliday, my son and I went to Kendal, went to
W. Sill, Mr. Mayor's, § Dr. Whitakers, returned.
18 — Attended the young men's disputations. After dinner
Jo. Beck came to see me. Mr. Frankland and I discoursed. I
read in Calderwood's History of Reformation.
19 — Friday. After breakfast and prayers, Mr. Frankland,
his wife, schollars, usual people came together at Mr. Cock's
above a mile ofi where I preached. We called to visit Mr. Archer
at Oxenholme.
20 — Saturday (Mr. Frankland taking physick and Mrs.
Frankland being at the market) I got several of the scholars
together and we spent some hours in the forenoon in prayer in
my room. Abr. Dawson, Jonathan Wright, Rawlinson, Mr.
* Heywood's Diaries, ii., 205, 208, 209.
t Diaries in Yorkshire Genealogist and Bibliographer, ii., 51.
} Rathmel should be Natland ; it is clearly an error either of Oliver Heywood,
the transcriber, or the printer, for the route shows that they had passed near
to Rathmell on the previous day.
§ James Cock, junr., Mayor of Kendal 1681-2. Like the Mayor previously
mentioned, Cock was apparently a sympathizer with the Nonconformists.
OXKNHOLME.
FACE P. 151.
RICHARD FRANKLAND : ORDINATIONS. 15I
Halliday, my John were exercised. God graciously helped.
We went to dinner at one o'clock. Afterwards I discoursed with
them, endeavoured to prepare for the Sabbath.
21 — Sunday, we had appointed the meeting at Mr. Frankland's
house, a very great assembly came. God helped me to spend
nearly 5 hours in praying and preaching on Mic. 5. 5. It was a
good day. After dinner about 5 o'clock Mr. Frankland and I
rode to Oxenholm, about a mile, to visit Mrs. Archer the sad
widow, her husband lying dead in the house,* I prayed with her,
so returned.
22 — Monday. I took my leave in prayer of Mr. Frankland's
numerous family. He and some schollars brought me on the
way. Mr. Buckley rode with me to Barton,! but Mr. HaHday
went with me to Lancaster.
We find Frankland and Jolly joining in an ordination
in June, 1682, so we may presume that their differences
were smoothed over. Robert Waddington, the person
ordained, was not a pupil of Frankland's, and was one
of Mr. Jolly's congregation. Jolly, though a Congre-
gationalist, was willing to meet the Presbyterians in the
matter of ordination, but the Presbyterians were less
accommodating. " Mr. Jolly moved that the people
with whom he had joyned as a member, yea as an officer,
or ruling elder, (viz. Mr. Jollys society) might expresse
their dedicating of him to God. Mr. Frankland was not
satisfyed with that, having no warrant, and as importing
some power, so it was waved. "|
The Presbyterians left the direction of the ordination
to Mr. Jolly, and he, Mr. Frankland, Mr. Benson, and
Mr. Heywood prayed. The service had lasted over five
hours, and Mr. Jolly was about to proceed to the laying
on of hands when Mr. Frankland and Mr. Heywood
" stopt a little " by asking the candidate some questions
* John Archer of Oxenholme was buried at the Parish Church 22nd May,
1682 (O. Heywood's Diaries, ii., 145). He had been Mayor of Kendal in
1648-9.
t i.e., Burton.
J He3rwood's Diaries, ii., 210 ; cf. also Jolly's Note Book, p. 48.
152 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
about his " design in taking on him that calling, his
faithfulness therein, his continuance in the work to his
dying day, &c." The six ministers present joined in
laying on hands and each gave the right hand of fellowship
and signed the certificate of the ordination.
153
XI.
Frankland's Academy :
Difficulties and Migrations.
THE time had now arrived when Frankland was to
feel the effect of the renewal of persecution which
marked the period from 1681 to 1687.
Early in 1683 Frankland was driven from Natland*
and had to seek a home for himself and his Academy
elsewhere. The Oxford Act, or the Five Mile Act of
1665, had prohibited residence by Nonconformist ministers
within five miles of their old livings or of any corporation,
unless they took an oath, as some did, to endeavour no
alterations in Church or State. The enforcement of this
act had varied in stringency at different periods and in
different places, but in 1683 stringency was the rule.
Unless Frankland had taken the oath, and the evidence
points the other way, he was clearly infringing the pro-
visions of the Five Mile Act all the time he was at Natland,
for that place is within five miles of the old corporation
of Kendal. The local authorities had evidently winked
at his offence, but the Government was urging them to
do their duty, and so Frankland had to go. His first
move was to Calton Hall, Kirkby Malham, seven miles
north-west of Skipton, the seat of Major-General Lambert,
then living in exile, and the residence of that Mrs. Lambert
who has already been mentioned as attending Issot's
ordination, f At Calton, Oliver Heywood visited Frank-
* He is described as of Natland in the Kendal parish register under date
2ist March, 1682-3, and he was at Calton 20th June, 1683, so that he left
Natland between these dates.
t Calton Hall passed to the Middletons by the marriage of Frances, daughter
and heiress of John Lambert of Calton, with Sir John Middleton, 2nd baronet
of Belsay Castle, Northumberland, who, like the Lamberts, was of Noncon-
formist sympathies. Frankland was evidently on friendly terms with the
154 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
land, as he had done at Natland, and preached on 20th
June, 1683. In August Hey wood was in the neighbour-
hood of Calton and intended to visit Frankland, but did
not as he heard that he was from home.* Perhaps
Frankland was looking for a house, for very soon after-
wards he and his Academy had removed again.
In November, 1683, Mrs. Stanley of Dalegarth wrote
to Sir Daniel Fleming, the local arch-persecutor of the
Nonconformists, apparently asking whether it would not
be possible for the magistrates to let Mr. Frankland
alone. The reply of Sir Daniel, dated gth November, 1683,
was " If your uncle would give up conventicling, teaching
scholars and taking of fablers, attend the church service,
and take the oath, he could live quietly in the country.
If not, the magistrates must be inquiring after him."f
The conditions suggested by Sir Daniel Fleming were
impossible. Nevertheless, we find that late in 1683
Frankland was again in Westmorland, and in Sir Daniel's
neighbourhood. His new home was Dawson Fold, in
Crosthwaite, a place, like Natland, well within the five
mile radius from Kendal, but his Academy was appar-
ently almost, if not quite, extinct. From 24th October,
1682, when the last scholar was admitted at Natland,
to 8th November, 1686, when he first went to Attercliffe,
only thirteen scholars were admitted, and there were
no admissions whatever after 6th February, 1684-5, until
November, 1686. Oliver Heywood expressly states that
Lamberts, and in the hope of finding fresh material about him we asked Sir
Arthur Middleton, the present (7th) baronet, if the Lambert family papers
contained any letters or other documents by or concerning Frankland. In
a courteous reply, Sir Arthur, who was in Egypt at the time, said " though
writing from memory I am certain that his name is not mentioned in any
paper that I have of the Lambert family. As Calton Hall was burnt down
it is not unlikely that many papers were burnt with it."
* Heywood's Diaries, Yorkshire Genealogist, ii., 253, 256.
■\ Fleming Papers, Hist. MSS. Comm., 12th Rep. App., 7, p. 193. Frank-
land's name does not appear in the letter, but as it is addressed to " Madam
Stanley at Dalegarth " there can be no doubt he was the person referred
to. Mrs. Stanley was Isabel, daughter of Thomas Curwen, Esq., of Sella
Park, whose wife was the elder sister of Mrs. Frankland, so that Mr. Frankland
would be uncle by marriage of Mrs. Stanley.
frankland's academy : difficulties. 155
Frankland was " taken off work," apparently soon after
June, 1683,* and therefore at this time.
Of the Dawson Fold period we obtain an interesting
glimpse from the records of the Consistory Court of
York. In 1684 sundry inhabitants of the parish of
Heversham were cited before the Court for not coming
to church, their names being Richard Franckland, gent.,
John Hinde and Agnes his wife, Joseph Hinde and Alice
his wife, Peter Ogden and Sarah his wife, Roger Dickenson
and Elizabeth his wife, and they were described as
" seperatists."
Inserted in the Court Book| is a certificate signed
by the Chapel- Wardens of Crosthwaite certifying to
Frankland's good behaviour while a resident in the
chapelry. As the certificate appears to be in Frankland's
autograph, it may be taken as first-hand evidence.
Excepting that we have extended the contractions, the
certificate reads : —
We whose names are hereunder subscribed, having been Chappel-
Wardens for the Chapelry of Crostwait in the parish of Heversham
in the County of Westmoreland for the 2 years last past that is
to say for the year of our Lord 1683 and 1684. And Mr. George
Birkett our late Minister dying in March last past 1684/5 think
meet to certify whome it may concerne that Richard Franckland
gentleman liveing at a place called Dawson-Fold in Lyth within
our Chappelry for almost a year that is to say from about Martin-
mas, in the year of our Lord 1683 till September in the year 1684
did both himselfe and Family keep due and constant communion
with us in the severall parts of gods publick Worship and gave
no just occasion to us, or to the said Mr. Birkitt [sic] our late
Minister or to any other person for to present him in the Arch-
bishops or Bishops Courts for any default as to the said Communion
dureing that time. And that Mr. MilneJ though Vicar of Hever-
sham the parish Church could not truely and justly make any
such presentment of the said Mr. Franckland, not being personally
* Heywood's Diaries, iv., 120.
t Diocesan Registry, York.
{ According to Nightingale's Ejected (p. 980), Thomas Milner was the
vicai's name.
156 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
acquainted with the manner of his walking with us. This we
certify this twenty ninth day of August in the first year of the
Reign of our Soveraigne Lord King James the 2d over England
&c and in the year of our Lord 1685. [Signed] William Strickland,
Thomas Doukers [?], Willm. Ormondy, his mark, Thomas
Dickinson.
This certificate shows the exact dates of the Dawson
Fold residence of Frankland, for there can be no doubt
of his identity with " Richard Franckland, gentleman."
His orders being Presbyterian left him, in the eyes of
the law, a layman, which explains the description of
him as " gentleman " instead of " clerk."
From this citation Frankland was eventually absolved
in July, 1686, he having claimed the benefit of the King's
pardon.
Probably Frankland was in York on business con-
nected with the Ecclesiastical Court on 24th March,
1684-5,* on which date he visited Oliver Heywood in
York Castle. Heywood was a prisoner convicted of a
riotous assembly, otherwise, in non-legal phraseology,
convicted of preaching to a congregation of Noncon-
formists.
According to the certificate, Frankland left Dawson
Fold in September, 1684. So far as is known, his next
place of refuge was Hartbarrow, sometimes called
Hartborough, near Cartmell Fell, Lancashire. When the
Academy arrived at Hartbarrow is not certain, but there
is a letterj from Richard Frankland, junior, dated
" Heartbarrow, November 24, 16S5," in which he states
that he " could not possibly write sooner, for we were
longer in our journey than we expected." This sentence
suggests that the removal had only just taken place,
and if this was so a whole year of Frankland's life is
unaccounted for. Certainly the Academy was in no
* Hunter's O. Heywood, p. 332.
i" Thoresby's Correspondence, i., 76.
frankland's academy : difficulties. 157
flourishing condition at the time, and we are inchned
to include Frankland's residence at Hartbarrow as well
as the Dawson Fold period as coming within the time
when he was " taken off work."
It is usually darkest just before the dawn, and the
darkness of Dawson Fold and Hartbarrow was fohowed
by the most briUiant period of the Academy's history.
Frankland removed to Attercliffe near Sheffield before
8th November, 1686, and a time of great prosperity
followed. The hands of the persecutors were stayed
by the genuine desire of James II. for a toleration of
Roman Catholics, which was only to be obtained by
tolerating Nonconformists as well. Frankland, on re-
moving to Attercliffe took out a fifty-shilling dispensation,
under the provisions of King James's Declaration for
liberty of conscience.*
The outlook was so promising and Frankland's repu-
tation so high that pupils flocked to the Academy, no
fewer than twenty entering during the first year at
Attercliffe.
Soon after the removal to Attercliffe the Academy
was again visited by Oliver Heywood, he being there on
2ist April, 1687, and advantage was taken of the visit
to arrange for the ordination on ist June following of
Oliver's son Eliezer and other candidates. As arranged,
the four candidates, Eliezer Heywood, Edward Byrom,
Samuel Angler, and Nathaniel Heywood, together with
Mr. Frankland, Mr. Dawson, Mr. James Bradshaw, Mr.
John Heywood, Mr. Issot, and Oliver Heywood, met
together at Mr. Heywood's house at Northowram. Mr.
Frankland, as was usual, took a prominent part in the
service, and after hearing what the candidates had to
say " expressed his satisfaction that God had raised up
young men to be so well armed against Arminians,
* Information of Rev. Alex. Gordon.
158 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Socinians, and others."* Another candidate was intended
to have been ordained at the same time, Mr. Matthew
Smith, but one of his congregations (he had two) insisted
on the ordination being in the midst of his own congre-
gation.
On nth September, 1688, Frankland, together with
Mr. Prime, Mr. Dawson, Mr. Timothy Jolly, and other
ministers, set apart, with four others, Mr. Abraham Daw-
son, Mr. Timothy Manlove, and Mr. Aldred.f
Whilst at Attercliffe Frankland's assistant at the
Academy, his only surviving son Richard, died in May,
1689, and this is the reason given for Frankland's last
removal. Within three months afterwards, in July or
August, 1689, Frankland and his Academy returned to
Rathmell.
* Hunter's 0. Heywood, pp. 353-4.
t Hunter's O. Heywood, p. 356.
''V \,'"''**
159
XII.
Frankland's Academy :
Toleration and Persecution.
FRANKLAND'S return to his native place coincided
with the coming into force of the Act of Toleration,
by which, under conditions not then considered onerous,
Nonconformists were allowed to worship in public. He
had thus every reason to hope that at last he would be
able to carry on his Academy without interference.
This hope was not fulfilled, for he soon found that
although worship was tolerated teaching was not.
The house at Rathmell had apparently been rebuilt
or enlarged in 1686, a stone bearing that date,* and
the initials R.^E. being still extant.
The first new pupil arrived at Rathmell on 23rd
August, i68g.
In September, 1689, Mr. Frankland was one of the
ministers who assisted in the exorcising of the demon
who troubled the " Surey Demoniack." This affair is
dealt with later.
Availing himself of the Act of Toleration, Frankland
had his house at Rathmell registered as a meeting house
on 8th October, 1689. f He had, says Calamy, " a
thriving Congregation, whom he kept in Peace, by his
Candour and Humility, Gravity and Piety, notwith-
♦ The dated stone is now over a window, but according to John Cockin
it was, some years before 1821, over the principal door {Congregational Histori-
cal Society Trans., iii., 23). It is evident from the description given by Cockin
that the present building at Rathmell is not part of the buildings of Frankland's
Academy, though it is probably on the same site. Even in Cockin's time
most of the original buildings had been removed. One of Cockin's informants
told him that the kitchen was very large, and that as a girl she had, when
playing at hide-and-seek, often hidden in the oven.
t None, reg., p. 145.
l6o THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
standing the different Principles they were of ; and he
was generally belov'd and exceeding useful."
In the following year (November, i6go) Jolly and
Frankland were asked to advise about the case of Mr.
Whalley and his people. Says Jolly, " wee mett about
it, alass ! weakness appearing and temptation approaching
on both hands, yet the lord gave us to agree in our advice
as to what could bee done in their case."* It does not
appear what the trouble was, but Whalley, one of Frank-
land's pupils, was the minister of Hindley nominated
by the Nonconformists when the possession of that
chapel was in dispute between the Establishment and
the Nonconformists.
Soon after the return to Rathmell the Fund, afterwards
known as the Presbyterian Fund, was established.!
Many of Frankland' s pupils were the recipients of grants
from that Fund. Before then private persons had
assisted pupils with Frankland. For example, there
were in December, 1690, two pupils at the Academy
maintained by Mr. Richard Stretton and Mr. Samuel
Slater, who, on the establishment of the Fund, were
transferred to its charge. :!: The managers of the Fund
were very careful of two things, one that the students
were really in need of aid and the other that they were
worthy of it. Of their method, the first two occurrences
of Frankland's Academy in the Fund's minutes are
quoted : —
8 Dec. 1690 Ordered that Mr. Richard Stretton to write to Mr.
Frankland to give his character to the managers of those two
young men now under his Tuition maintained at the charge of
Mr. Samuel Slater and his own.
5 Jan. 1690-1 Ordered that Mr. Richard Stretton to write
to Mr. Richard Frankland to know how farr those young men
* Jolly's Note Book, p. 102.
t Originally supported by Presbyterians and Independents. In 1693 the
Independents seceded.
X Presbyterian Fund Minutes, i., 16, 30 ; Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., i., 405.
FRANKLAND S ACADEMY : TOLERATION. l6l
under his tuition (for whom a share in this supply is desired)
will need help to make up what they have allowed from their
parents or friends, and competence for their continuance in ther
studies with him.*
Under these conditions it is natural that the allowances
varied, the maximum being £j and the minimum ;£5.
Between 1690 and 1696 thirty-six students at Frank-
land's Academy were the recipients of aid from the
Fund.j The number of pupils so aided was greater at
Rathmell than at any other academy of the period, a
proof of the high estimation in which Frankland's tuition
was held by those best qualified to judge. Besides the
Fund there were other means adopted of financing poor
scholars. Heywood mentions^ that on 12th May, 1695,
there were collected over thirty shillings for James
Whittel, a scholar of Mr. Frankland. Curiously enough,
a " brief " or begging letter, issued on behalf of the same
student, is still in existence. § It runs as follows, the
errors being reproduced : —
To all good christian friends and people to
whom these presents may Come Greeting.
Shew that wee the subscribers hereunto Inhabitants of the
Parish of Leigh wth others in the Countey of Lanekaster at
the speciall instance and request of the Bearer hereof John
Whittle of Pennington within ye said Parish but especially
in behalf e of James Whittle his son (now a youth about eighteen
years of age) who from his Childhood hath been educated and
brought upp in Schole learning att the pubhck schoole in Leigh
ever since by the help and Charitable Gift and yearly allowance
of James Wright of Pennington Aforesaid who by his last will
and testament left a small yearly pention towards bringing upp
of poor Schollrs And the father John Whittle (being A poor man)
of himselfe not able to continue him with \_sic] with Learning
bokes and Mantainance and forasmuch as ye youth hath given
* Presbyterian Fund Minutes, i., i6, 19.
t Jeremy's Presbyterian Fund, p. 12.
J Diaries in Yorkshire County Magazine, iii., 10.
§ A contemporary copy is in the Reference Library, Manchester.
M
l62 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
good testimoney and made proofe of his good proficience in
Learning Not oneley unto us but unto others who are more
Competent judges thereof And allso finding the Genius and
good Quahfications and disposition of the youth being solhcitious
to make a furtlier progress in Learning in hopes by God's Assist-
ance to become A more pubUck Instrument in the Church of God
and for and towards the furtherance of the Gospell of Christ
haveing Allready acquaintance with two students of Mr. Frank-
land's desireing to become A fellow student with them under
the same Tutor.
Wee therefore whose names are hereunto Subscribed upon
these Apparent grounds are more bold and encouradged thus to
recoinend his Case and Condition to the pious and Charitable
consideration of all good Christian friends and people to whom
thes presents may Come to be seen or read humbly entreating
hereby their Charitable benevolence towards his Reliefe hopeing
their Bowells of Compassion and Bountifull hands will bee
enlarged to promote so good A worke (as by Gods blessing and
Assistance may become effectuall) And for their healths happi-
ness and prosperity in so doeing (As in duty bound) will ever
pray. They Assuredly knoweing and verily believeing the con-
tents hereof to bee A Reall truth wee hereunto subscribe ye
22d of February Ann Dni. 1693
Robert Wright | Nathan Mort
John Wright -Trustees Jno. Hartley
James Starkey ) James Wood
Jno. Leech
William Harte
James Nayler
Matliew Astly
Henry Parr
William Balldwin
John Green
John Parr
Wee whose names Are here subscribed do upon sufficient
testimoney believe the within written Petition and do Recoinend
the Young man as A greate object of 3a- Christian Charity and
desire that hee may be encouraged.
H. Newcom
Robert Seddon
Jer. Alldred
Roger Balldwin
John Walker
rien. Pendleburey
Jo. Crompton
frankland's academy : toleration. 163
For reasons which do not appear obvious the Church
party were very anxious to annoy or suppress Frankland,
and when the ink of the Toleration Act was scarcely
dry he was in trouble. Mr. Gordon suggests that " per-
haps, like Philip Henry, when legal toleration was
secured, he began to hold his services in church hours,
and ceased to frequent the parish church."
On the 2nd February, i690-[i], he was excommunicated
for not appearing before the Chancellor in the Arch-
bishop's Court at York in answer to a citation issued
30th May, 1690. The influence, it is said, of Lord Wharton
and Sir Thomas Rokeby obtained for him the protection
of the Government, and on 22nd April, 1691, Viscount
Sydney* sent the following letter to the Archbishop of
York :—
Ld Arch: j Whitehall 22 Aprill 1691
Bishop of Yorke
My Lord
Being informed that Mr. Richard Frankland of the parish of
Giglewick in the County of York, stands excommunicated before
the Chancellor in your Grace's Court, on the second of February
last for non appearance tho' he had not any notice thereof till
about ten dales after the time he was cited to appear, the pro-
ceedings thereof being ex mero officio and without any presentment
or prosecutor, and the said Mr. Frankland being a person very
well affected to the Governmt, and haveing taken the oaths
appointed by Law, I desire your Grace will give Order, that
he may be permitted to appear in the said Court at a day to be
Appointed to make his defence to what shall be objected against
him, and may in the meantime be absolved from his excommuni-
cation, and if this will not stand with the Course of the Court
that your Grace will ex Officio suspend the giveing out of a
significavit in this case. I am My Lord Your Graces most humble
servant
Sydney.
The desire of the Government was carried out, and
* Secretary of State (December, 1690 — -March, 1692).
t State Papers Dom. H.O. Letter Book (Secretary's), 3, p. 53.
164 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
the absolution was read in Giggleswick Church. The
death of one Archbishop (Lamplugh) and the consecration
of another (Sharp) occurred in 1691, and probably caused
some delay in the proceedings against Frankland.
To a man like Richard Frankland, the trusted friend
of the older ministers and the respected tutor of the
younger ministers of both denominations, the movement
for a working union of Presbyterians and Independents
must have been one to commend itself. After some
discussion the London ministers drew up the " Heads of
Agreement assented to by the United Ministers in and
about London, formerly called Presbyterian and Congre-
gational." Dr. R. W. Dale* points out that it was a
union of ministers alone, and that the laymen were not
consulted. Nevertheless, there is no reason to suppose
that they disapproved of it. A similar scheme was on
foot in the northern counties, and Frankland was con-
cerned in it from the beginning. In 1689 there was a
meeting of ministers at Thomas Jolly's house, " but
because Mr. Pendlbury and Mr. Frankland were detained
from us wee did not what wee designed," and in 1690
Jolly visited Frankland, the former noting in his diary
" a speciall providence of god in ordering every cir-
cumstance of that visitt." Though not so stated it is
probable that these were preliminary conferences towards
union. In 1690 there was a " meeting for union at
Rathmell."t On 2nd September, 1691, there was a
meeting of twenty-four ministers at Wakefield to consider
the heads of agreement, Frankland being the senior
minister present. Oliver Hey wood requested Frankland
" to recommend the work on which they were met to
the blessing of God in prayer. Then Mr. Heywood took
the Heads of the Agreement and read them over
deliberately, pausing at the close of each paragraph to
* History of English Congregationalism, p. 475.
t Jolly's Note Book, pp. 96, 98, 139.
frankland's academy : toleration. 165 .
give any of the ministers present liberty and opportunity
to object. No objection was made by any person present,
except Mr. Frankland to a few of the articles, and his
objections were overruled. In fine they accorded in the
terms of the agreement, with little apparent reserve of
any dissentient opinion."*
In 1691, and again in 1693, there was an agreement
between Frankland and Jolly, presumably as representing
the Presbyterians and Congregationalists respectively,!
probably on similar lines to the London agreement.
This agreement was read at a general meeting of ministers
at Bolton on the 3rd April, 1693, and at the next meeting,
also at Bolton, on the 7th May, 1694, a letter was read from
Frankland. J
It is not unlikely that Frankland intended early in 1692
to settle again in Westmorland, as at the Quarter Sessions
held at Kendal on 15th January, i69i-[2] " The house
of James Garnett called Moss Side in Crosthwaite " was
licensed "for Mr. Richard Franklin to preach." §
On 9th February, 1690- 1, the Presbyterian Fund
ordered " that £20 per annum be allowed towards the
propagation the Gospell at Winterburne, Tosside, Star-
bottom and Burham in Craven in Yorkshire and that it
be left to the care of Mr. Richard Frankland to provide
able ministers to carry on the work of the Gospell in
those places." II We may assume that the suggestion
* Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 375.
t Jolly's Note Book p. 139.
t Add. MSS., 24485, p. 349.
§ Westmorland County Records : Kendal Order Book, 1669-1696. Mr.
Gordon says " Unless there is evidence of the spelling of Frankland as Franklin,
I should hesitate about this identification, especially at Kendal, where Frank-
land must have been well known. The name of Richard Franklin is familiar
to me as that of a theological writer in 1675 ; but I have not traced his career.
If the licence were in Frankland's favour, I should construe it as his intention
to return to the Kendal vicinity ; for no one would take out a licence restricted
to a single preacher, if that preacher were a mere bird of passage." There
is evidence that Frankland's name was spelled Franklin {e.g., by Matthew
Henry), and we have adopted Mr. Gordon's suggestion in lieu of our own, that
Frankland was intending a visit to Westmorland.
II Presbyterian Fund Minutes, i., 23.
•■ l66 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of this grant came from Frankland himself and that
he carried it into effect. It was probably as one result
of this vigorous attack from the Presbyterians that in
1692 the clergy of Craven formally petitioned Archbishop
Sharp to suppress the Academy. Under the Toleration
Act the clergy had no remedy for the intrusion of Mr.
Frankland's " able ministers " in their parishes, but a
side attack might serve the same purpose, and they selected
the Academy.
Archbishop Sharp was evidently at a loss what to do,
and consulted his brother of Canterbury, who, having
been a Presbyterian, might be expected to know how to
deal with such men. Archbishop Tillotson's letter in
reply has been preserved : —
Lambeth House, June 14, 1692.
My Lord
Yesterday I receiv'd your Grace's letter concerning Mr. Frank-
land, with the copy of an address to your Grace against him.
Yourself are best judge what is fit to be done in the case, because
you have the advantage of inquiring into all the circumstances
of it. If my advice can signify any thing, it can only be to tell
your Grace what I would do in it, as the case appears to me at
this distance. I would send for him, and tell him, that I would
never do any thing to infringe the Act of Toleration ; but I did
not think his case came within it ; That there were two things
in his case, which would hinder me from granting him a licence,
though he were in all things conformable to the Church of England.
First, his setting up a school where a free-school* is already
established, and then, his instructing of young men in so public
a manner in university learning, which is contrary to his oath
to do, if he have taken a degree in either of our universities,
and I doubt, contrary to the Bishop's oath to grant a licence
for the doing of it ; so that your Grace does not in this matter
consider him at all as a Dissenter. This I only offer to your
Grace as what seems to me the fairest and softest way of ridding
your hands of this business.
With my humble service to Mrs. Sharp, and my hearty prayers
* Giggleswick GramiiiEir School in the same parish but two or three miles
away from Rathmell.
frankland's academy : toleration. 167
for your health and a long life to do God and his church much
service, I remain, My Lord,
Your Grace's very affectionate
brother and servant
Jo. Cant.*
As advised by Tillotson, Archbishop Sharp had an inter-
view with Frankland, who himself a couple of years later,
related the circumstances in a letterf to Ralph Thoresby,
dated Rathmell, November 6th, 1694.
Honoured Sir
Yours of October 1 7th I received ; and though I have delayed
writing thus long, yet it is but a little wherein I can well satisfy
your request at present, and that especially, as to the altitude
of some of our Craven Hills. According to the observations
which formerly have been made, and which I find set down,
the hill called Pennigent is five hundred and eighty yards per-
pendicular height above the plains of our Rathmell Ings ; and
the hill called f ngle-borrow is about the same height ; and these
two are the highest hills in our country. The hill called Fountains-
fell is about five hundred and sixty yards high ; the hills called
Pendle-hill, and Hinkelshaw, are not much above five hundred
yards high ; and though Pendle-hill seem as great an hill as any
of them, yet I conceive the reason of its falling so much short
in altitude, is from its standing on a falling ground. I might
have mentioned some other hills, but these are the most remarkable
in our parts.
As to the conference I had with the present Archbishop, it
was at two times : the former was at Skipton, where many of
his clergy being present, would gladly have been hearers, but
he would not suffer one of them to be in the room with us. I
remember he began at first to be somewhat hot, but I was resolved
* Thos. Birch's Life of Tillotson, p. 290. Also printed in Newcome's Life
of Sharp.
fThoresby's Correspondence, i., 171. The letter was probably in fulfilment
of the promise made to Thoresby in September, 1694, when that gentleman,
on his way to Cumberland to enquire into the value of the estate of a Mr.
Salkeld, who had been proposed as a husband for Mrs. Thoresby's sister,
called at Rathmell and was " most obligingly entertained by the learned and
reverend Mr. Frankland." Thoresby procured from Frankland introductions
to, amongst others, Mr. Stanley of Dalegarth and Mr. Curwen of Sella Park,
kinsmen of Mrs. Frankland, and had with the tutor " much pleasing discourse
with reference to his son's memoirs and other memorable transactions, he
promised me an account of." (Thoresby's Diary, i., 265-270).
106 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
to abate him nothing ; he told me he would not suffer such work
to be done, as I was doing. I told him there was other work
much more proper for him, and of far greater importance, to be
done by him ; he asked me what it was. I told him, that as to
the exercise of severity, he should begin at horae, with those
of his own clergy, many of whom were scandalous, a great reproach
to religion, and stood need to be reformed. And for other work,
I told him, I judged it much more suitable for him to endeavour
union and agreement amongst good men, though differing some-
what in their notions, than to cause rents in the Church about
such poor and trivial things as ceremonies. He granted both ;
and after, became very moderate, and invited me to come and
see him, and we parted friendly. There were other things we
did freely discourse upon, but it is so long since, and the particu-
lars so far slipped out of my memory, that I fear I cannot give
you a just account of them, and therefore would rather refer you
to that letter I writ to Mr. Heywood about them ; only this I
well remember, that in general, the Archbishop did much yield
to, and comply with what I said.
The second conference I had with him, was at his own house
at Bishop-thorp ; where, to answer his invitation and my promise
I waited on him ; but he would not at all suffer, that we should
enter upon a debate about such things as were in controversy
betwixt us, though I did attempt it once or twice ; yet he was
very courteous ; he earnestly pressed me for to dine with him,
and would have sent for my daughter, who was at an inn-house ;
but I, being much straitened in time, did at last prevail for to
be excused. But I must view his library, take a pipe of tobacco
with him, and drink some of his wine bottles. And when I
took leave with him, he desired me to remember him in prayer.
I had at that time some free discourse with him : I told I had
observed the manner of his confirming baptized persons, at
Skipton. He asked me what I thought of it ; I said, I supposed
it was at first intended for admitting baptized persons to the
Supper Ordinance, who could give a good account of their know-
ledge and conversation ; he said it was, and that he had given
a strict charge to the ministers to bring none before him to be
confirmed, but such. I told him that then he was grossly abused
by them, because the persons brought before him were generally
ignorant, loose, and profane, and little or no means used for
their instruction and reformation : he asked me how I thought
this abuse might be remedied ; I gave him the best advice I
could. He read me that petition against myself, which several
frankland's academy : toleration. 169
ministers had presented to him ; but seemed to give so httle
regard to it, that he desired to be informed by me concerning
them and their walkings, promising to keep secret what I told
him. He said I had great friends at London, and that he knew
them. There were other things passed betwixt us, which I cannot
now relate, nor do I know at present where to find the Secretary's
letter ; but it was directed to the former Archbishop.*
That other work relating to my dear son, I should, above all
other things, most willingly have complied with your most kind
request in ; but when I may have ability or opportunity for it,
I know not. Your nephew is very well ; so with dearest respects
to yourself and Madam Thoresby, to your mother Sykes, to
brother, and sister Wilson, I take leave, who am. Sir,
Your very affectionate friend and servant
Richard Frankland.
In a postscript he added " Some things I have men-
tioned to you, which I should not have been free to
mention, but that I know to whom I write."
The letter to Heywood referred to in that to Thoresby
is dated Rathmell, August 9th, 1694.! The part relating
to the conference with the Archbishop is as follows : —
As to my conference with the Archbishop at Skipton, I shall
give you this brief account : he was somewhat warm at first ;
told me what complaints came against me ; that the course I
took tended to perpetuate a schism in the church, and that
therefore it was not sufferable. I told him they were fallible
in their judgments, as well as we ; and therefore desired that I
might fairly argue the case with him about schism, before he
determined any thing about it : withal, I told him there was
other work to be done, better and more proper for him, than to
fall on us. He asked what ? I told him it was better work to
endeavour reconciliation amongst sober Protestants, for strength-
ening the Protestant interest, at a time when it was so much
in danger ; and if he thought there was need of some severity,
to begin with the correction of his own clergy : he freely confessed
there was great need of both, and promised his utmost endeavour
in both ; adding, that he hoped we should find him an honest
man. I said, that candour and moderation went to make up
* Thomas Lamplugh.
t Thoresby's Correspondence, i., 175.
170 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
honesty, which he readily granting, I adde^, that should he not
exercise moderation, in respect of those good characters that
were given of him, he would frustrate the hopes of many sober
people. Upon this, he treated me very kindly, and desired me
to come and see him, which I did, in part, promise ; and since
that I waited on him at Bishopthorp, which he took very kindly,
and acquainted me with the malignant petition drawn up against
me, and with the number of the names subscribed and was very
inquisitive after our Craven clergy. I told him they abused him
as well as me, in presenting ignorant, unqualified persons to be
confirmed by him, he seemed much troubled at it : he was very
familiar in conference with me upon several things, but would
enter upon no debate. I had much ado to get excused from
dining with him ; but he going first to his chapel, though he left
me to my liberty as to that, yet I thought it better to content
myself with a pipe of his tobacco, and a cup of sherry : he told
me I had many great friends at London, and at parting desired
an interest in my prayers.
The friendly relations, established over a pipe of
tobacco, between the Archbishop and the Nonconformist
tutor appear to have had little influence in saving Frank-
land from efforts made by his enemies to strike at him
by means of the Ecclesiastical Courts. An indictment
against Frankland was quashed in London, 9th February,
i6g4(-5),* and in October, 1697, a case against him was
postponed by the Chancellor, apparently by order of the
Archbishop of York. Frankland in these cases appears
to have hoped something to his advantage by the pro-
duction of the Secretary's letter, doubtless similar in
effect to that which Lord Sydney wrote to the then
Archbishop of York on 22nd April, 1691. This letter
was lost or mislaid before 6th November, 1694, as has
been mentioned in Frankland's letter to Thoresby.
Again, writing on 14th June, 1697, to the same corres-
pondent,! Frankland says, "As to the Secretaries letter,
* Thoresby's Correspondence, i., 153.
t This letter is in the possession of Mr. Thomas Brayshaw of Settle, and
is printed in his Local repository, 1903. It had previously appeared in
Thoresby's Correspondence, i., 286.
frankland's academy : toleration. 171
I despaire almost of finding it, and if I could find it, I
think it would scarse put a stop to the malice of the
Court at York." Calamy's statement that Frankland's
legal troubles continued to his death is confirmed by
Frankland's letter, dated 25th October, 1697, quoted
on page 188.
The petty persecution he received at the hands of the
clergymen of the established church probably troubled
Frankland much less than the differences between the
two principal sections of N onconf ormists . Although alike in
doctrine, the Presbyterians and Independents were
diametrically opposed in their views as to ceremonies
and church government. Each side was stubborn,
thinking its own method not merely the most convenient
but the one ordained by God. In April, 1691, there
was an ordination which brough the two sects into antag-
onism. Nicholas Kershaw, one of Frankland's pupils
and minister in Craven, was the candidate for ordination,
and for the convenience of Frankland's thirty-eight
scholars who wished to be present, the ordination was
arranged to take place not in Kershaw's own meeting-
place but at Rathmell. This gave offence to Thomas
Jolly, who was one of the ministers invited to take part
in the ordination. He, as an Independent, thought that
the minister should be ordained in the congregation in
which he was to serve. Jolly objected also " to huddle
up the probation, approbation, ordination and election
in one dayes work," and to the manner in which Kershaw
passed his examination, and was not satisfied as to the
candidate's qualification, though Frankland testified to
the abilities of his pupil. The Presbyterian ministers
present, who were in a majority, answered or overruled
Jolly's objections. Jolly and Charles Sager, who seem to
have been the only Independents present, were tempted
to leave the congregation in their annoyance, but having
regard to the proposals then pending for a working union
172 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of Nonconformists, " let it pass and sate down peaceably,
nor departed from the meeting neither lest wee should
make too much nois in the countrey." But they would
take no part in the ordination, and would neither pray
over the candidate nor join in the laying on of hands.*
This unpleasant affair did not permanently affect
Jolly's interest in Rathmell, for in December, 1691, he
was there again, and records that the Lord " much
helped mee in mine exercise and convers at Rawthmell,
though I was under such discouragments there formerly."!
In November, 1692, there was a meeting at Rathmell
to consider the ordination of David Crossley, but he,
being a Baptist, was not thought worthy of ordination
by either Presbyterians or Independents.
Jolly's account of the meeting is as follows : —
As to that business of Mr. David Crosby [sic] wee mett at Rawth-
mell, hee had desired our advice and assistance about his being sett
apart to the ministry, the work whereof hee had taken upon
him too rawly and rashly, for his acquired accomplishments
were very inconsiderable, yet had hee presumed to preach and to
baptize also without ordination ; upon his acknowledgment of
his irregular proceeding herein wee were ready to sett him right,
but it then appeared that hee had fallen into further irregularity
in being rebaptized and in joyning himself to a people of that
perswation after hee had begun to treat with us about that matter ;
wee were thereby taken off from being helpfull to him as wee
designed.!
The Altham and Wymondhouses Church Book mentions
that " Mr. Crossley dealt unfairly with Pastor, Mr.
Frankland, &c.,"§ the unfairness, perhaps, being allowing
them to discuss his ordination when-he had placed himself
outside the Christian tolerance of the period by being
rebaptized. Frankland seems to have been reproached
* Jolly's Note Book, p. 104 ; Hunter's 0. Heywood, pp. 369-372.
t Jolly's Note Book, p. 108.
{Jolly's Note Book, p. 115.
§ Jolly's Note Book, p. 139.
frankland's academy : toleration. 173
for his share in this business, and gives his reasons for
what he had done in the matter in a letter to Heywood,
dated 9th August, 1694 : — *
As to David Crossley, though I did, at his request, mention him
in my letter to you, and also desired that the ministers would
appoint him a time for his waiting on them ; in order to their
having some conference with him ; yet I did not think it probable,
that they would judge him meet or qualified for ordination ; but
what I desired was, chiefly with respect to those poor people
amongst whom he preacheth, whom he imposeth on, by telling
them that he is wilhng to have a conference with the ministers,
and to submit the trial of his gifts to them with respect to ordina-
tion ; and, it is said, he gets much advantage in this way ; so
that I judged that, for the ministers to deal with him, and, upon
that dealing with him, not only to advise him, but also to signify
to those people by letters, under their hands, what their judgment
is concerning him, and his invading the ministerial office, might
be a special means, divinely warranted, for keeping those people
from being ensnared.
On 7th June, 1693, five ministers (Roger Anderton,
John Holland, Edward Rothwell, James Mitchel, and
Joseph Dawson), all of them pupils of Frankland's, were
ordained at Rathmell. The ordaining ministers were Mr.
Frankland, Mr. Heywood, Mr. Dawson, Mr. Carrington,
and Mr. Punshon, the two last being former pupils of
Mr. Frankland. A year later, on 6th June, 1694, Frank-
land took part in an ordination at Horton, near Bradford,
when two of his pupils (Jonathan Wright and Nathaniel
Priestley) and Accepted Lister were ordained."!
There are hints of differences between Frankland and
the ministers of north Lancashire, perhaps some friction
having arisen in the working of the Agreement for Union.
These came before the General Meeting of the Ministers
of Lancashire on April 9th, 1695, which agreed " to
declare that it is our desire they would, as it is our judg-
* Thoresby's Correspondence, i., 176.
t J. Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 379'
174 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
ment they ought to, compose their differences amongst
themselves and we shall rejoyce to hear of their agree-
ment."
At the meeting held on August 6th of the same year a
" paper sent in from the Rev. Mr. Frankland " was
referred to the consideration of the northern district,
and Mr. Frankland was " earnestly desired to attend the
general meetings if there be occasion." Perhaps in
response to this invitation " Mr. Frankland from York-
shire " was present at the general meeting held at Bolton
April 14th, 1696.*
It would appear that Thomas Jolly was the spokesman
of the ministers of the northern district. f
Frankland may possibly have made a prolonged stay
in Lancashire, for on June 2nd, 1696, Oliver Heywood
visited him in Manchester. J
In 1696 one of Frankland's earliest pupils, Thomas
Cotton, desired ordination, and Mr. Frankland consented
to assist, but when the day came Mr. Frankland was
unable to be present at the ordination, which took place
at Northowram, 25th November, 1696. §
Heywood says that Mr. Cotton seemed to have for-
gotten his Greek and Hebrew by learning other languages :
French, Italian, German, Dutch, but he prepared an
excellent Latin thesis. Cotton had been a tutor for
nearly twenty years, and had travelled extensively.
* Shaw's Manchester Classis, pp. 354-356 (Chet. Soc, N.S., 24).
t Jolly's Note Book, p. 140.
X Heywood's Diaries, Yorkshire County Magazine, p. 14. It is possible,
however, that there is a transcriber's error, and that it was Mrs. Frankland,
the schoolmistress, whom Heywood visited.
§ Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 390.
175
XIII.
Richard Frankland and the " Surey Demoniack."
IN 1689 Frankland had been one of the ministers who
assisted in the meetings held to exorcize the demon
supposed to have possessed one Richard Dugdale of
Surey, near Whalley. Frankland appears to have
attended only one of the meetings, that on 26th Septem-
ber, 1689, and he was not one of the ministers who
certified their belief in the demoniacal possession of
Dugdale. Eight years afterwards, in 1697, the two
ministers principally concerned (John Carrington and
Thomas Jolly) foolishly issued a pamphlet, which led
to a controversy in which Frankland's name was often
mentioned.
With the controversy as a whole we have here no
concern, but the references to Frankland are interesting
as showing how he was regarded in his own day.
The pamphlet which Carrington and Jolly put forward
was entitled : —
The Surey Demoniack, or, an account of Satans strange and
dreadful Actings, in and about the body of Richard Dugdale
of Surey, near Whalley in Lancashire ; And how he was dis-
possest by Gods Blessing on the Fastings and Prayers of divers
Ministers and People."
Carrington was the principal worker at the prayer
meetings which, as he thought, drove Satan out of
Dugdale. He tells the tale of his success with an evident
sincerity. There were many witnesses and signed affi-
davits. Richard Frankland, Henry Pendlebury, and
Oliver Heywood attended some of the meetings, and a
declaration that " we whose names are subscribed, being
176 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
ministers of the Gospel ... do verily believe the
Truth of the same (affidavits) and that the strange fits
of the said Dugdale were by a diabolical Power," was
signed by Thomas Crompton, Peter Aspinwall, John
Crompton, John Parr, Samuel Angier, Nathaniel Hey-
wood (whose name is misprinted " Nicholas Haywood "),
Samuel Eaton, and Nathaniel Scoles. Several of these
ministers had been at Frankland's Academy, and all
were well-known Dissenters. The " Surey Demoniack "
is interesting as showing how recently educated men
believed in the doctrine of satanic possession.
This pamphlet was followed by " The Surey Impostor:
being an answer to a late fanatical pamphlet, entitled
' The Surey Demoniack.' By Zach. Taylor, A.M.," 1697.
Zachary Taylor, though the son of an ejected minister,
had conformed and was Curate of Wigan and Chaplain to
the Bishop of Chester. He had evidently no belief in the
satanic possession of Richard Dugdale, whom he thought
to be, as was probably the case, an epileptic, if not an
impostor. He dedicates his work to the various ministers
concerned with the remark " the discovery of this cheat
is dedicated to you, gentlemen, not that it seeks your
patronage, but your Reformation." Dugdale had spoken
Greek and Latin. Taylor, after showing his inaccuracy,
remarks : —
But I wonder that the learned Academick Mr. Frankland, and
Mr. Sagar,* the so much commended Pasdagogue (out of Ignorance
am I to say, or Neghgence) suffer such a palpable piece of Knavery,
and Nonsense to appear in the World under the Approbation and
License, of their Names.
Taylor's indictment was followed by a " Vindication
of the Surey Demoniack," published in 1698, in which
Thomas Jolly explained that some of the errors mentioned
by Taylor were those of the press, and disclaimed re-
sponsibility for himself and the other ministers : —
* Charles Sager, of Blackburn.
RICHARD FRANKLAND AND " SUREY DEMONIACK " 177
I am not, neither are my Reverend Brethren accountable,
neither for the Typographical Errors, nor for those Mistakes
that were in the uncorrected Copy ; which, through I know
not whose weakness, is printed : The same I must say for my
Reverend Brother Mr. C. S. [Charles Sager] who many years
ago was deservedly commended, chief Master of the free-school
in Blackburn, as Mr. T[aylor]s Father was at Ratchdale.
As to my Reverend Brother, the truly Orthodox and Eminently
Learned Academick, Mr. R. F. he was but once at the Surey,
nor so much as once did see the Narrative (that I know of) that
is printed, as it's printed, before it was printed.
In 169S appeared " The Lancashire Levite rebuk'd :
or, a vindication of the dissenters from Popery, Super-
stition, Ignorance, and Knavery, unjustly charged on
them by Mr. Zachary Taylor in his book entituled, ' The
Surey Impostor.' In a letter to Himself. By an Im-
partial Hand." The author, who has not been identified,
joins Taylor in condemning Mr. Carrington's " Phansies,
and I doubt, unwarrantable Colloquies : " and is " griev'd
that he hath expos'd himself in so many insignificant
Fopperies, foisted into his narrative," but he takes
Taylor severely to task for his treatment of Mr. Frankland
and Mr. Sager.
And as for the other Gentlemen you call Assisters at the Im-
posture, you with such impudent scorn treat some of 'em in
your Book, as if they were such diminitive Underlings as were
fit for nothing, but to be trodden under foot. What an Astonish-
ment will this be, when it is known who these are ? And what
it is for, that these Men are expos'd ? One is the Learned
Academick, Mr. R. Fr. as you call him in Scorn, as if he were
some freshman to be hissed at by your Seniority : but he is
better known in the Nation than to be ridicul'd by any, but
such as Envy his Learning and Usefulness.
A second pamphlet with the same title has two other
casual references to Frankland : — ■
Obj. Again, you are about it, and about it ; and say. Hark
my Friend, are not your Divisions Unchristian ? Do not your
Conventicles make a Division ? and so are Schismatical : for
these are both one.
N
178 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Sol. Here's Learning, to puzzle Dissenters ; but I dare
venture it with some of the Lower Classes in Mr. Frank. Academy
to Answer ; will he not presently say, Syllogizari non est ex
Particulari.*
2 I have been told, (but not learned it from Mr. Frankl.)
that the Popish Worship is Idolatrous. j
Zachary Taylor's next contribution to the controversy,
" Popery, superstition, ignorance and knavery," 169S,
contains the following paragraphs, in which Frankland
is mentioned : —
But the Man still goes on, and would gladly know, What they
[the Surey ministers] are to be blam'd for ? I have told him
oft enough, but yet he enquires further, Is it for Fasting
and Prayer ? p. 9. His own Conscience told him that was not
the thing ; yet for all that, he will go on : They did believe
He {viz. Rich.) was possess'd. p. 9. And upon ihis Supposition,
what could be done otherwise ? Why, abler Divines ought to
have been consulted, and more Discretion used. But what
means my Friend, when he makes their Supposition to be the
Ground of their Devotion ? This is but odd Divinity, and
surely Mr. Fra . never taught it him ; for the Consequence of it
is, that if the Supposition be false, the Worship is Superstition :
The Quakers, with all the other Spawn of Fanaticks, the Papists
themselves not excepted, may justifie themselves on this Principle,
that Credulity and Supposition is a sufficient Ground of Worship,
[p. 6.]
The next Charge that I am made unjustly to lay against Dis-
senters, is that of Ignorance ; . . . I charged them either
with Ignorance or Neghgence ... in not discerning the
Numerical Quota 600, in the Devils pretended Greek Commission,
that was figured in Arabick Cyphers, to argue a Cheat. And
I cannot yet abate one Syllable in my Charge, let my Friend
value his Academick and Arch-pedagogue as he pleaseth. As
for the rest, my own Learning, I am like to be content with
it, nor need I envy the Academick whilst I have such a Stock
as will enable me to discover his Slips.
But, my Friend, I heartily pity your Learned Academick
and Arch-pedagogue, that have chosen such a Person as you
to be their Advocate ; for had they never betray'd their Ignorance
* Lancashire Levite rebuk'd, Second letter, 1698, p. 10.
t Lancashire Levite rebuk'd, Second letter, 1698, p. 23.
RICHARD FRANKLAND AND " SUREY DEMONIACK I79
before, they have now made it manifest to all the World ; for
I have an Indictment against you my Friend, for the same Crime.
I call it in you a Crime, which I did not in them, because yours
must be an affected Ignorance ; and go ask your Academick
if he reads but Ethicks to his Pupils, whether even there he
doth not find such Ignorance as this, condemn'd for Guilty . . .
But Goodman Friend, pray tell me what you call them that
make God to be Content, with whatever comes next to their
Tongues end ; that will not be at the Pains to Compose a sober
Form of Worship for him, but too often Foam out their
own Shame, and yet are not ashamed to Entitle it to, but will
needs have God admit it, for the Groans of his Spirit ? To close
this Head, if these be the lofty Notions your Academick infuseth
into his Disciples, I thank God I have no Reason to envy his
Learning, [pp. 12-15].
I read thus. Brethren, if a Man be overtaken in a Fault, ye which
are spiritual restore such an one in the Spirit of Meekness, con-
sidering thy self, lest thou also be tempted, Gal. 6. i. I will not
reflect upon my Friend, tho' if he be a Man named to me, 'tis
supposed he is as much as the Scotchman interested in the Lenity
of this Canon : But I will give him some Lines of a Letter,
which was also sent to me since my Answer went for the Press.
/ hear (saith my Correspondent) from pretty good Hands, that the
Academy in the North have the first Blessing of God upon Man
among them. Gen. i. 28. Neither he nor I can yet say, this is
true, tho' in a short time we possibly may give my Friend a better
Account of it : But if it be found true, pray tell me, will you
admit the Criminal to Ordination, or will you not ? If, let him
repent never so sincerely, your [sic'] resolve that you will not, I
must ask you from St. Paul, in the Case aforesaid, Whether you be
not Ignorant of Satan's Devices, v. 11. If you do, pray what hath
the Bishop of Chester done, that your selves, in the same Cir-
cumstances, will not do ? But I remember what my Friend
saith, / see One may better steal a Horse, than Others look over
the Hedge, p. 5. [p. 27.]
Frankland's reputation as a scholar is not imperilled
by errors in a book he never saw, but his share in the case
of the " Surey Demoniack " might easily be taken as
evidence that he believed in demoniacal possession. To
the divine of that period there was nothing even im-
probable in demoniacal possession. Zachary Taylor was
far in advance of his time.
XIV.
Frankland as Author.
IT is as a teacher that Frankland deserves to be remem-
bered, for he pubhshed httle, perhaps for the reasons
indicated by Samuel Palmer : — *
I presume 'twill be allow'd, that in less then ten years after that
Revolution [The Blessed Restoration], our condition wou'd not
permit us to breed any scholars to a capacity of publishing much
to the world, and by the time our Youth cou'd be suppos'd
capable, the Church took care to find somewhat else for 'em to
do ; The fire was continual and without intermission upon us,
by oppressing our schools, imprisoning our tutors, and dispersing
our pupils ; the fury of our enemies omitted nothing that cruel
laws stretch'd by the perfidy and malice of the executors cou'd
inflict upon us ; our own houses were not secure against spies,
informers, and persecutors, our papers .were, to be sure, a sacrifice,
and let the subject they contain'd, be what it wou'd, it was in
danger to be sworn heresy, phanaticism, or treason : And Mr.
Wesley himself owns, that his tutor was forc'd from his country,
and his pupils left to teach one another ! These were comfortable
circumstances indeed for a man to philosophise upon to hinrself ;
but very indifferent incouragement to spend the necessary
support of our life in libraries and printing to oblige the world !
In 1696 and 1697 Frankland was engaged in writing
his only book, and two letters connected with it have
been preserved. The first, which bears no address, was
evidently intended for Oliver Heywood, and is preserved
in the British Museum : — |
Rathmell March ist 169 If.
Revnd. dear Brother
I now send you my manuscript ; not a new copy of it
as I intended, but rather the former, yet Renewed in such parts
* Vindication of Dissenters, 1705, p. 27.
t Add. MSS. 4275, No. 95 (fo, 225).
%
FRANKLAND AS AUTHOR. l8l
as Stood most in need of it ; w^'' I thought would be better then
to have got it wholly writ over anew, unlesse I had more time
for overseeing and correcting it. As it is, I wholly commit it
to you, and to the honest Stationer your Neighbour, yet humbly
requesting of you (w^ y" freely promise) that you will adde a
p>^face to it. That a blesseing may attend your endeavours
about it, and all your worthy endeavours in the Church of God,
And that this Work of mine how mean soever in respect of its
Author ; Yet as designed in defence of the Glory of our Great
God, Father Son and Spirit, against a scoffeing Adversary ; May
find Acceptance ; Shall be the earnest prayer of
Your ever endeared Brother and
Servant in our Lord
Rich: Frankland.
We all give o'' dear respects
to y self and all yours.
The next letter was addressed to Ralph Thoresby : — *
Rathmell Jun: 14 97.
Most dear Sir
It doth much rejoyce me whenever I receive a few lines
from you, though I can scarcly get time to return one to you.
I hope my manuscript about the Trinity with dear brother Hey-
wood's preface to it, is got printed by Frank: Bentley of Halifax
stationer but it is not yet come to hand, for if I had it I would
have sent it to you. I am much troubled at what you write,
as to Mr. Hey wood's decay in health. Oh, how desireable were it,
if God saw it meet, that such a burning light were spared yet.
As to the Secretaries letter, I despaire almost of finding it, and
if I could find it, I think it would scarse put a stop to the malice
of the court at York : in other things you mention, I should be
be glad to answer your desires, if ever God give me opportunity,
who am, dear Sir,
Your truly affectionate friend and servant.
Rich: Frankland.
The book was published in 1697, and is a reply to a
plea for moderation towards disbelievers in the Trinity
which had been published in 1694 by a clergyman of the
Church of England, or, as Frankland hints, by one
* Thoresby's Correspondence, i., 286, We give a facsimile of this letter by
kind permission of Mr. Thomas Brayshaw, who possesses the original.
l82 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
professing to be a clergyman. It is a small quarto of
sixty-two pages, entitled : —
Reflections | on at Letter | Writ by a | nameless Author | to
the I Reverend Clergy of both Universities, | And on his | bold
reflections | on the | Trinity, &c. |
By Richard Frankland. |
London : 1 Printed for A. & J. Churchill, and sold by F. Bently |
Bookseller in Halifax, 1697. I
The book is exceedingly scarce, only four copies being
known to Mr. Gordon. One of these is in the posses-
sion of Mr. Thomas Brayshaw, of Settle, to whose courtesy
we are indebted for an opportunity of a leisurely ex-
amination. Mr. Aspland described it as " from first to
last harsh and intolerant," but a perusal does not suggest
to us that it is any worse in this respect than the
average theological controversial work of that period.
The best friend of theology cannot claim that its con-
troverted points have always been discussed in the most
polite and tasteful manner. So it is not surprising to
find Frankland flinging at his opponent such elegant
phrases as " blasphemous invectives," (p. i) " Idle vain
discourse," " a gross and abominable untruth " (p. 2), and
" does it not argue then the Author to be guilty of the
vilest Sophism and Deceit ; yea, such as is more suitable
for the Devil, the Father of Lyes, than for any fair
Disputant " (p. 10). Frankland's " proofs " are for the
most part drawn from the Bible, of the verbal inspiration
of which he was as, might be expected, a believer : —
" Are they the Words of any other Trinitarian, save of
Moses, Gen. i. 26 the infallibly inspired Penman of that
Book, or rather of the blessed Spirit himself, as speaking
by Moses? " (p. 36), and " the divinely inspired Evan-
gelist " (p. 40). Frankland's own position in the con-
troversy may be gathered from the following passages : —
I shall freely confess here, we could not at all have gone thus far
by the Dim Light of our own Reason, nor could so much as
FRANKLAND AS AUTHOR. 183
have thought on, much less, have asserted a Trinity of Persons
in the Unity of Divine Essence ; but when we have the great
and ever-blessed God going before us in the infallible Revelation
of sacred Scripture, and assuring us, that there be Three that
bear Witness in Heaven, and that these Three are One ; that
himself as Father, did, before the World was, and from Eternity,
beget the Son, in the Form of God, and equal to himself ; that
the Holy Ghost, in like manner, is God, proceeding and sent
from the Father and Son ; we can now safely follow God, and
improve sanctified Reason to the getting of true and right notions
about this sublime Mystery, and for Defence and Vindication
of it, and dispelling the Mists of those vile Aspersions and feigned
Contradictions, black-mouth' d Hereticks would fasten on it ;
and we can as truly tell the Author, that however this Mystery
be a very high Mystery, yet it is not (as he would perswade)
wholly unintelligible, but that we may have true Ideas of the
Father begetting, and of the Son's being begotten, and of the
Holy Ghost's proceeding from Eternity, (p. 13.)
And here I would demand of the Author, either to shew us the
way wherein infinite essence doth this, seeing it's undenyable
that it must be different from this of finite Beings ; or else give
us some pregnant Reasons, why it may not do it by terminating it
self upon it self, with the aforesaid reflex acts, or else ingenuously
confess, that a Trinity of Persons, or which is the same, Father,
Son, and Spirit in one and the same singular divine Essence, is
not only clearly reveal'd in the written Word, but is likewise
very fully consistent with true Reason and the Light of Nature,
as elevated and improved by divine Revelation ; and that he
hath greatest Cause to be humbled, for his bold blasphemous
Oppositions to, so great and clear a Truth. . . . But I must
tell the Author, that the whole of this his Discourse and Reasoning,
is full of Confusion, Deceit and Error, and might, at least, in
Part, have been rectified by himself, had he been well vers'd in
sound Philosophy, and if he had but assented to some common
Maxims granted by learned Men. (pp. 18, 19.)
The Three Divine Persons according to the Doctrine of all
orthodox Trinitarians, are not divided Beings, Minds, Natures,
Essences, but one and the same most pure and simple divine
Being, Mind, Nature, Essence, with three distinct relative
Properties, which do not so much as make any real Composition
in that one glorious Being, and yet are true Relations arising
from their proper Foundations in that one most simple immense
Being, as he may easily understand, from what hath been said,
184 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
if he have a Mind to be informed ; and so he might have satisfied
himself, that it contradicts no Idea of ours at all, that one divine
Person does the very same numerical Action another does.
(P- 38.)
Only thus much I must mind the Reader of, that in the whole
of this Discourse, I have not medled at all with Dr. Sherlock,
or those of his Party who assert that the Persons in the Trinity
are Three distinct infinite Minds or Spirits, and Three individual
Substances ; And whom this Author stiles real Trinitarians :
These I confess have given too just Occasion of Offence and
Scandal to all Sober Christians, who do not stand in need of
such Weapons for Defence of the Trinity against the Extreams,
either of Arius on the one hand, or of Sabellius or the Unitarians
on the other ; for seeing, I find, these justly censured by those
learned and worthy Persons — The Vice-Chancellor, and Heads
of the Colleges and Halls in Oxford in their Decree of Novemb.
25, A.D. 1695. I do fully acquiesce therein, (p. 51.)
The Dr. Sherlock to whom Frankland refers was
Wilham Sherlock, Dean of St. Paul's, who m 1691 pub-
lished a " Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity."
In vindicating the doctrine of the Trinity Sherlock had
laid himself open to the charge of Tritheism, as rank
a heresy as Socinianism, but he remained to his death
a dignitary of the Anglican Church. Frankland had, of
course, no sympathy with Arianism and Socinianism,
and it is one of the ironies of fate that the congregations
served by his pupils should, within the life-time of one
of them, have become the nursing places of the " heresies "
Frankland deplored.
A preface was contributed to Frankland's " Reflec-
tions " by his friend Oliver Hey wood.
On Thursday morning, March nth, 1696-7, Oliver
Hey wood records in his Diary " having sought God I
writ a preface to Mr. Frankland's treatise against a
Socinian."*
It is significant of the scarceness of Frankland's book
that its preface by Heywood was quite unknown to the
* Yorks. County Mag., 1893, p. 17.
FRANKLAND AS AUTHOR. 185
editor of Hey wood's " Works," to his biographer, Joseph
Hunter, and to Mr. T. S. James, who, in his " Presbyterian
chapels and charities " (p. 202), states that Hey wood
" shows no apprehension of Arianism or Socinianism,
which he certainly would have done had he perceived
any danger of it, since he expressed so much concern
when a point of Calvinism was called in question."
The preface written by Heywood occupies five pages, in
which is summarized the history of unorthodox views
of the divinity of Christ from the first century to the
seventeenth. Of the expounders of these views, he says :
" Some of them came to astonishing Ends, by the just
Judgment of God, and some by the sentence of Men, as
Servetus at Geneva, A.D. 1652." Heywood was pained
by there being a Unitarian controversy in England.
" Surely 'tis a thousand Fifties that in England, a Goshen,
a Land of Light, where the Gospel-Sun hath shined in
its Meridian Splendor, such black Fogs should rise out
of the bottomless Pit as to darken our Horizon." Of
the author and the book he was introducing Heywood
informed the reader that
This is the Attempt and Design of the ensuing Treatise, which
was put into my Hands by a very reverend and dear Brother,
whose Praise is in the Gospel, who is better known to the World
by the successful Fruits of his indefatigable Labours, sounding
viva voce, than by legible Characters in Scripture, having spent
much Time and Strength in his peculiar Province, with much
Advantage to the Church of God : His Learning and Capacity
elevates him above his Fellows, so that he needs no Epistle of
Commendation from me or any other Person ; his own Works
praise him in the Gate, and in the Consciences of many thousands ;
nor doth any (pruritus scripturiendi) Itch of appearing in Print,
prompt him to this Undertaking, but purely a Zeal for God, his
Cause, Truth, and Glory, and the preventing of young Students
being poisoned with Soul-destructive Errours, that have edged
his upright Soul, and moved his Able Hand to this uncouth
Undertaking : It's true, the Manner of handling this Subject
is something abstruse and intricate ; for the Subject is high and
l86 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
profound, and above the Reach of ordinary Capacities ; but I
hope it may give some Satisfaction to the learned and ingenuous
Reader, and that tliis and all other Helps Polemical and Practical,
may be of Use to the Church, is the Prayer of
Thy Soul-Friend
March ii ■ OH.
1697.
A little of Frankland's leisure in the last few months
of his life was occupied in copying recipes into a book
which his daughter Margaret acquired on 4th June, 1697.
In this book the first twenty-nine recipes are in one hand-
writing, and were evidently completed before 4th Novem-
ber, 1697. Afterwards the hand-writing varies with
almost every entry, but Richard Frankland's neat
hand-writing is easily recognizable in the recipes entitled
" Mrs. Tonstall's Lip-salve," " The true receipt of ye
Countess of Kent's Powder," and " How to make ye
best Gaskin Powder." The last recipe may be quoted,
as it is possibly enough the last thing he wrote apart
from the signature to his will. Down to " The Jelly
must be made thus " is in the venerable tutor's hand-
writing, the remainder in that of another person.
How to make y^ best Gaskin Powder
Take ye black tips of Crabs Clawes being taken in y^ month
of June, beat y'» and searse y™ in a fine Tems to soe fine a
Powder y' it will melt in your mouth, y" take 4 ounces of this
Powder one ounce of Pearle and half an ounce of Curril beat
and searse y" in y" same mann"^ and half an ounce of Leaf Gold
ground with a little loaf Sugar mix all well togather and make
this Powder into a pretty stif Paste w"> y^ Jelly, then take ye
4th Part of this Paste and work it on a trencher soe fine that
when it is out there is not one eye to be seen, then make it into
bals of what bignes you please, lay them on pye plates and set
in the stove to drye turning them every day.
The Jelly must be made thus
Take 14 viper Skins cutt them into peecis about an inch long,
boyl them in a quart of Carduas water over a Charcoal fire till
it come to a gyll or less of licquor, you must be carefull you boy[l]
itt not too dry, then strain it from the skins into a clean new
FRANKLAND AS AUTHOR. 187
pipkin, then give itt another boyl with a htle musk and amber-
grease tyed in a bitt of mushn and 10 or 12 spoonfull of red rose
water, with a Htle of the best saffron steeped in itt all night ;
when you have strained your jelly putt itt in.
Of Frankland's continued interest in Nonconformist
affairs we have a glimpse in a letter, dated 9th April,
1698, from Oliver Heywood, who writes " I have redoubled
solicitations from Mr. Frankland to put us on, in York-
shire, in addressing the King."* This was probably in
connection with the prosecution of Joshua Oldfield for
teaching without a licence. After much trouble the
proceedings against Oldfield were dropped " not without
intimation from his Majesty, (upon his having the state
of the case laid before him,) that he was not pleased with
such prosecutions."! Calamy remarks that " Mr. Frank-
land's case was parallel to this, only went much farther,
for he was excommunicated."
* Heywood's Works, i., 437.
t Calamy's Abridgement, p. 553.
i88
XV.
Frankland's Death, Will, and Family.
FRANKLAND'S life was now drawing to a close.
In the following letter* he mentions his indif-
ferent health : —
Octob'^ 25, 97.
Rev'i and dear Brother
Your comfortable letter together with your litle
Book (w;'' treating on a subject so suiteable for me, renders it
very p'cious to me) I have received ; and do heartily thank you
for them both : And now in Answer to the Queries you propose,
I say, In reference to the state of my Body, I have been afflicted
with Gravel and Wind, caused chiefly as I suppose through
bad digestion, for most part of a year, and which do yet Continue,
and are (esp : at some times) very painful and troublesome :
What the lord designs to do by Theise, as whether by means
of them more speedily to cut off ye Thread of a poor Toilsome
afflicted life, or whether onely to try me for a season, and ith
mean time to inable poor nature not onely to wrastle with them
but to get fro under them at length, for my part I cannot yet
see ; But This I am sure of, The providence is an Awakening
providence, And question not but is designed by a gratious wise
father for blessed ends, — -even to bring my great chang more
nearly within view and to p'pare me for it. And its not ye least
Comfort to me, that I am sure to be helped in this with your
prayers. As to your 2"^ w' I have done about y'' sp: [iritual] Court
I can now inform. That on Tuesday last I had a letter fro Mr.
Squire my proctor, w^^ Certifies That at y<? last Mich. Court,
My Case was put off by y'' Chancellor himself, till y'^ Thursday
after Andrew day, y^ last day of y*^ Tearm, so thinks They intend
no further proceeding. And he Conceives This was by Order
fro y= Archbishop. I have in this new experience of Gods Kind-
nesse to me and desire that as this and ye like mercies have
been bestowed through ye prayers of many, so thanks may be
given by many on my behalf As to y'' 3d W;' your litle Kinsman
* Add. MSS. 4275, No. 96, fo. 226.
FRANKLAND S DEATH, WILL, AND FAMILY. 189
doth, I must say, He studies hard, and makes good improvement.
As to y"^ last I have received nothing for him as yet fro my Lords
executors, but have procured for him aft . . . three pounds
ith half year, or (about) 61 a year, wc" I hope will be continued
for his time : but I suppose it may be Xmas at soonest before
we receive y= first half year, and then we shall endeavour to let
y'' know more exactly w' it comes to ; I will use my best en-
deavour to procure more for him. As to yr school I fear I can
do yo litle servise, Heres an honest mans son one Shaw, who
would be glad of such imployment, But I fear he will be too soft
and Bashful, and if y" have schollars forward in learning, I
doubt he may be short in point of sufdciency : Yet if for want
of one more able y« be minded to make tryal of him, upon y''
least hint fro y^ we shaU send him. So with our dear resp^^s
and servise to y"' self, wife, and sons : I take leave who am
Your very dear Brother and servant
Ri: Frankland.
[Addressed :] For the Rev'd M'' Ohver
Heywood at Northouram nigh Halifax.
Frankland was able to take part in an ordination at
Rathmell on 26th May, 169S, when nine of his pupils
were set apart for the ministry,* The Academy then
had no fewer than fifty scholars. On the first of October,
1698, Frankland died at Rathmell.
Dr. Clegg, one of Frankland's pupils, j thus describes
his last days : —
1698. In October following the great and good old man Mr.
Frankland died of the strangury, | or a universal decay. He
read Lectures to us till the day before his death in his bed. I
saw him depart ; he committed us all affectionately to God, and
died in great peace. § This was a wide breach ; now we are left
* Dukinfield Register, L. and C. Hist. Soc, xxxiii., 182 ; Hunter's O. Heywood,
P- 395-
t Diary, p. 22.
X Calamy says " in the latter part of his life, he was afflicted with the stone
and strangur}', and various other infirmities, which he bore with an exemplary
patience." Ace, p. 287.
§ In his life of Ashe (p. 54) Dr. Clegg gives additional particulars : — I can
never forget the Manner and Frame in which he left the World, being one
of the numerous, and sorrowful Flock, that then stood about his Bed. His
last Breath was spent in taking leave of us, and most solemnly and affec-
tionately recommending us to the Favour of God, and to the Conduct of the
great Shepherd.
igo THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
as sheep without a Shepherd. I was sent to desire Mr. Chorlton
of Manchester to preach his funeral sermon which he did from
Mat. 28. 20. In that journey I was in great danger by the Rivers
which were raised by the heavy rains. Mr. Chorlton was desired
to take the charge of the Academy, but declined it. Afterwards
others were proposed, as Mr. Lorimer, Mr. Tong etc. but none
was fully agreed on, and the young men began to drop away,
some to one place and some to another, and so that Academy
fell. Mr. John Owen had been assistant to Mr. Frankland
sometime before his death and was I think with him then* ; a
man of great piety, a serious fervent preacher who was of great
use to many, but his time was short, he did not long survive
Mr. Frankland, but died [27 June 1700] in Wales. I think Mr.
Chorlton after repented that he did not accept the call to Rathmel
when he met with so much uneasiness in Manchester.
Frankland was buried on 5th October at Giggleswick,
the burial register reading " Richardus Frankland de
Rathmell Cler: quinto die Octobris. A mural tablet to
his memory is still on the wall of the south aisle. The
monument is of black marble with plaster ornaments,
very similar to one in Kirkby Malham Church to the
memory of the son of General Lambert of Calton, in whose
house Frankland's Academy found refuge for a short
time.f
The inscription is : —
H. M.
Richardo Frankland, A.M.
Ex celebri Franklandorum de Thurtlebe
In agro Eboracensi gente,
Connubio vero stabili
Juncto uni ex filiabus
D. Sanderson de Hedley hope in Agro Dunel :
viro Optimo, et ab optimis Dilecto.
Theologo Venerando Pio,
Philosopho ad excogitandum Acuto
* O. Heywood, writing to Thoresby 7th November, 1698 (Correspondence,
i., 335), says, " Mr. Owen stays till Christmas." On the igth of the same
month Heywood visited Owen at Rathmell (Diaries, Yorkshire County
Magazine, 1893, p. 20). •
t Brayshaw's Notes on Giggleswick Church, pt. i, 18S5, p. 14.
Hunt Bros.']
FRANKLAND MEMORIAL IN
GIGGLESWICK CHURCH.
[Settle
FACE P. 190.
frankland's death, will, and family. 191
Ad explicandum Felici
Patri
Bene merente Posuere
Filiae
(Fratribus eheu, ante Parentes defunctis
vixit An : 67. Mens. 11. ob. An .^rae Xtian.
1698.
John Chorlton, who preached Frankland's funeral
sermon, was one. of his old pupils. He was minister of
Cross Street Chapel, Manchester, and for a few years
conducted an Academy in that town. Considering the
fondness of our ancestors for funeral sermons it is curious
that Chorlton's sermon on Frankland was never printed,*
though Mrs. Frankland wished it to be.f It was evidently
circulated in manuscript, and was read by Oliver Hey wood,
6th January, 1701-2.:!:
Frankland had made his will a few days before his
death. The following abstract is from the registered
copy at York (Ixii., 127).
Richard Frankland of Rathmell parish of Giggleswick co. Yorke.
Master of Arts. 27 September 1698. — first committing my
whole selfe spirit soule and body to the gracious acceptance of
the great and blessed God thro' the [word omitted] of my
Redeemer —
I discharge my brother in Law Mr. Robert Banlvs and Margaret
his wife from all Claims for tabling the said Margaret my sister
for about seaven or eight years. §
* Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 396.
t In 1699 Oliver Heywood, writing to Thoresby {Correspondence, i., 365 ;
Works, i., 439), said " Some draughts of Mr. Frankland's life are designed
to be printed with his funeral sermon, preached by Mr. Chorlton. I have
helped what I can, yet doubt nothing worthy of him, he having left us no
memoirs under his hand." In January, 1701-2, Heywood was evidently
collecting material for a life of Frankland, perhaps that which appeared in
Calamy (Diaries, iv., 293).
J Diaries, iv., 290.
§ The sister named in Frankland's will was the wife of the Rev, Robert
Banks of Beck Hall. She was buried at Giggleswick 5th April, 1700, as
" Margareta Banks de Rathmell." Her son, the Rev. Robert Banks, who
is also named in the will, was Vicar of Trinity, Hull, and a Prebendary of
York. Another son, who was also remembered by Frankland, was Joseph
Banks of Sheffield, who eventually settled at Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire,
was a member of Parliament, and founder of a family which attained a
baronetcy in the person of Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society.
(Burke's Extinct Baronetcies).
192 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
I discharge my nephew Mr. Joseph Banks of Sheffield in refer-
ence to my said Sisters tabUng provided he release to me all such
goods as lately belonged to my said brother Banks which were
granted by my said Brother to the said Joseph towards the
maintenance of my said sister : after such release to my exors,
1 give
20/- to said Brother Robt. Banks and
;^4 to sister Mrs. Margaret Banks his wife and
5/- each to said nephew Joseph Banks, his wife and two
children.
To Nephew Mr. Robert Banks of Hull and his children 10/- each.
To Anne Jacks wife of Richard Jacks of Longcliffe and daughter
of William Browne of Rathmell deceased 20/- and to each of her
sons viz' — Richard and Matthew 6/8.
To Mary Browne of Rathmell daughter of the said William
Browne £2i ^-nd to Jane her daughter 6/8
;^20 which I owe Richard Shaw of Blackhouse at Martinmass, to
be paid.
To Servants. — -John Swinglehurst 20/-, Richard Anderson 30/-,
John Waddilove £2,, William Swinglehurst ;^3, Jane Currer 30/-,
Francis Beckett 40/-, Easter Eadon 10/-, William Simpson,
Jane Ogden and Ellin Richardson 2/6 each. To the Overseers
of poor at Rathmell and Giggleswick ;^io.
Upon the first Lords [sic) in May yearly two wise sermons
of wise sober and vertuous learned men, one at Stainton Kendall
or Crooke and the other at Attercliffe or Rathmell or if that
meeting fail the same then to be preached at Pasture house or
to that Congregation now under Mr. Kershaw or where my
executors think most convenient, and for every sermon the
preacher to have 6/8.
To Wife Elizabeth my watch, gold ring, one good bedstead
&c. and £^0 per annum for her life to be paid by my 3 daughters
Elizabeth, Mary and Margaret.
To Eldest daughter Elizabeth £\o over what I give to my other
2 daughters.
Residue — including my messuages &c. in Rathmell and
Giggleswick — equally unto my 3 daughters but only to marry
with consent of my supervisors viz* — John Hay of Pasture house,
CO. York yeoman, Henry Strickland of Stainton co. Westmoreland
yeoman, Wm. Thornton of Birks co. Lane. yeom. and Richard
Walmsley of Rathmell co. York yeoman :
If said daughters marry without such consent, 40 marks to be
deducted from her portion at pleasure of such supervisors.
frankland's death, will, and family. 193
3 said daughters Elizabeth, Mary and Margaret to be executors
(sic) 10/- each to said supervisors.
Witnesses : — John Owen, Peter Peters, Christopher Weatherend
(No Probate in Vol. 1698-9.)
Mrs. Frankland survived her husband and died " at
York a httle before Christmas," 1706.*
Frankland's children were : —
(i) John, born 13th August, 1659, f entered the
Academy 3rd May, 1678, died 19th June, 1679, J ^.nd
was buried at Kendal Parish Church 20th June, 1679. §
(2) Barbary, II born i6th April, i66i,|| at Bishop
Auckland, buried 5th August, 1662, at Giggleswick.
(3) Elizabeth, baptized 25th August, 1664, at Giggles-
wick. She married . . . Hill of York and died at
York 20th June, 1739.**
(4) Richard, baptized 30th September, 1666, at
Giggleswick, entered the Academy 13th April, 1682,
died of small-pox and was buried at Sheffield 4th May,
1689. He was a young man of great promise, and of
so edifying a life that in 1694 his father contemplated
writing his biography, ff One of his letters is printed
in Thoresby's Correspondence, i., 76.
(5) Samuel, baptized 8th June, 1668, at Giggleswick,
buried at Kendal 21st March, 1682-3. ^ In the Church-
* None. Reg., p. 240. The D.N .B. says that she was buried 5th January,
1691, but though " Elizabetha uxor Ricardi Frankland de Rathmill " was
buried 5th January, 1690-1, at Giggleswick, we take this lady to have been
the wife of the other Richard Frankland of Rathmell. It is just possible
that the Rev. Richard Frankland was married twice, and each time to a
lady named Elizabeth, but we have found no evidence for it. Oliver Hey wood
corresponded with " Mtris Frankland, Craven" in 1700. (Diaries, vi.,
225, 227).
t D.N.B., following the Bishop Auckland register.
% Heywood's Diaries, ii., 264.
§ Parish Register.
!l It has been suggested [Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 21) that she was named
after Mrs. Lambert of Calton Hall, but it is more likely that she was the
namesake of Mrs. Barbara Sanderson, Mrs. Frankland's mother.
H D.N.B.
** None. Reg., p. 326.
• tt Thoresby's Diary, i., 265.
%X Parish Register.
0
194 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
warden's Accounts is the entry " Re& for Cloth for
Mr. Frankland son of Natland £o is. 6d."
(6) Mary, married 19th June, 1699, to " Mr. ... a
souldicr,"* a marriage which was regarded as a " sad
providence " by Rothwell. Dr. Clegg, who does not
mention her marriage, says she died of small-pox, appar-
ently soon after her father, f
(7) Margaret, baptized 13th September, 1672, at
Giggleswick, was married there, 19th June, 1701, to
" Samuel Smith of York, gent.," and was buried 22nd
September, 1718.J Her husband, to whom she was
second wife, was a grocer and a leading Nonconformist
in York, being one of the gentlemen nominated by Lady
Hewley in 1709, to manage her hospital at York.§ He
died I2th January, 1732.
A grandson and a great-grandson of Samuel Smith
and Margaret Frankland, were each twice Lord Mayor
of York. Mary Anne Smith, daughter of one and sister
of the other Lord Mayor was the wife of Richard Price
of Highfields Park, Sussex, and her daughter and heiress
was the wife of David Haig of Lochrin and mother of
James Richard Haig, F.S.A., J.P., of Blairhill, Co. Perth,
whose descendants are recorded in Burke's Landed
Gentry. Amongst them is Mrs. Alexander Stuart of
Lochrin House, Edinburgh, who has obligingly com-
municated some facts relating to her ancestors.
Of the characteristics of Frankland's children we know
little. One of the sons (John) was the strongest man
of his age about Natland and excelled all the scholars
* Rothwell's Note book. Inquirer, 1904, p. 628 ; Nonconformist register,
p. 51.
t On 28th August, 1701, "Maria uxor Charoli Harries de Ratlimell " was
buried at Giggleswick. Maria being the Latin form of lier name and tlie
date agreeing with that suggested by Dr. Clegg, it may be that this was Frank-
land's daughter. A son of Charles Haries had been baptized on 5th July,
1700.
X None. Reg., p. 261.
§ T. S. James's Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, p. 232.
FRANKLAND S DEATH, WILL, AND FAMILY. I95
in physical exercises. Dr. Clegg's reminiscences of the
daughters suggest that they were bright and attractive
girls, if somewhat frivolous. Did they not tempt the
young scholar from his serious studies by conversing
with him and leading him to " read Poetry and Novels
and such like trash " ? But Margaret, at any rate,
developed proper house-wifely interests, as is evidenced
by the book in which she wrote down or caused to be
written down some cookery recipes.* The dishes are
for the most part of an elaborate kind, and afford us no
clue as to the diet of the students in the Academy. It
may be that now and then, for a treat, the young meri
were allowed to taste the dishes prepared by Mistress
Margaret, for after the recipe of Mrs. Liddell's orange
pudding is written " But ye proof of ye pudding is in
eating D.H. Nov'^'^ 4"^ 97," and the initials and the date
correspond with Daniel Hawkins, who had entered the
Academy a few months earlier.
After Frankland's death, Clegg was minister of the
small congregation at Rathmell and also Chaplain in the
family of his old tutor, but having " no persons of
learning or ingenuity to converse with," he got, so he
says, into bad company. f
* Now in the possession of lier descendant, D. P. Haig, Esq., of Flemington
House, Invernessshire, who kindly lent it to us. It is referred to in a previous
chapter (p. 186).
t Clegg's Diary, pp. 23, 24.
196
XVI.
Frankland's Character and Portrait.
MR. CLEGG'S charming estimate of Frankland has
already been quoted. Other references to Frank-
land show the high esteem in which he was held by his
contemporaries and the ministers of the following genera-
tions.
Calamy says of Frankland : —
He was an eminent Divine and acute Metaphysician. A solid
interpreter of Scripture ; very Sagacious in discovering Errors,
and able in defending Truth : Witness his valuable Piece in
print against Socinianism. He was one of great Humility and
Affability. No very taking, but a substantial Preacher. Few
convers'd with him, but they respected and valu'd him. He
was a Man of great Moderation, very liberal to the Poor, studious
to promote the Gospel in all Places, and good in all Relations.
His contemporaries regarded his death as "a very
great loss to the Church of God," to use Samuel Angler's
expression.* Oliver Heywoodf says " another of our
worthies lately departed, Mr. Richard Frankland, that
famous tutor in Academic studies that has had three
hundred pupils under his tuition." William Tong refers
to him as the " reverend and learned Mr. Richard
Frankland J" and Dr. John Evans, one of his pupils,
wrote a poem on his death. §
In 1722 Benjamin Bennet, referring to Frankland as
" Mr. Franklin," says " a worthy and pious Person, that
* Dukinfield register, L. and C. Hist. Soc, xxxiii., 182.
t Thoresby's Correspondence, i., 338. A fuller testimony by Heywood to
Frankland's worth appeared in the preface to Frankland's Reflections, and has
already been quoted {Ante, p. 185).
X Tong's M. Henry, p. 201.
§ Jolly's Note Book, p. 140.
FRANKLAND S CHARACTER AND PORTRAIT. I97
never published on any other Subject, that I have heard
of, thought fit to exercise his Metaphysical Genius on
this Head," the subject of the generation and procession
of Jesus.*
In his sermon on the death of John Gledhill, preached
in 1728, John Barker referred to " the excellent Mr.
Franklin, who was so happy as to train up many very
worthy Persons for the work of the ministry, "f
Mr. Gordon has stated^ that " Jollie's Academy drew
a much finer and more varied set of men than Frank-
land's," but in any comparison of this kind we should
take into account the fact that Frankland's Academy
was for much of its time under persecution, while Jollie's
was during the time of Toleration.
His great courage is proved not only by his frankness
with King, Bishop, and Archbishop, but by the fact
that for nearly thirty years he conducted an illegal
Academy in defiance, all the time, of the ecclesiastical
courts and for most of the time of the laws of the land.
That he was either quite devoid of worldly ambition,
or kept it in strict subordination to his conscience, is
shown by his calm refusal of Bishop Cosin's offers. His
tolerant spirit is evidenced by the variety of the religious
connections of those who were educated by him.
Presbyterians, Independents, and Churchmen were all
amongst his scholars. That he was not tolerant of the
Socinian " heresy " is probably due to the spirit of the
time and to his own age when the subject became pro-
minent. Heresies of all kinds are usually most readily
accepted by younger men. But a man working, as
Frankland did, with a motto like Libera terra, liberque
animus (A free land and a free mind) , § taught his scholars
* Irenicum, p. 84.
t Barker's Sermon on John Gledhill, p. 33.
X Manning's History of Upper Chapel, Sheffield, p. 38.
§ The motto of the Franklands of Thirkleby.
igS THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
to think and enquire, and the result in another generation
or two was that the Socinian and even more heretical
views pervaded the churches. What was said of Dr.
John Evans* — " He enlarged his views of several things
beyond those of his education, as sincere and inquisitive
minds often see reason to do," might be said of others
of Frankland's scholars. A pupil of Frankland's, who
removed to Mr. Chorlton's Academy at Manchester and
who read anti-Trinitarian literature while there, con-
fessed that " he could never after be entirely reconciled
to the common doctrine of the Trinity, "f
Isaac Worthington, who entered the Academy 1691,
became an Anti-TrinitarianJ ; and doubtless others were
also.
So little being known of Frankland's personality, it is
fortunate that a portrait of him has been preserved. It
is in Dr. Williams's Library, and our reproduction is
from a photograph of the original oil-painting. The
artist is unknown, but we may hazard a guess that it
was painted by Mrs. Frankland's brother, Thomas
Sanderson of Hedley Hope, Esq. (died 1695). He was an
artist as we learn from his will, by which he bequeathed
" to Mr. Joseph Forster all my painted pictures, and all
my materials and instruments relating to the arts, except
all pictures painted by myself." § There is a modern,
and not very good, copy of the portrait in Mansfield
College, Oxford. It was painted by G. E. Sintzenich
and is reproduced in Bryan Dale's Yorkshire Puritanism.
* Dr. Wm. Harris's Funeral Sermon for Rev. John Evans, LL.D., 1730.
t Clegg's Diary, p. 23.
X Wallace's Antitrinitarian Biography, iii., 602.
§ Surtees' Durham, ii., 343.
199
XVII.
John Issot.
JOHN ISSOT, who was Frankland's assistant at
Natland, was a son of Edward Issot of Horbury,
near Wakefield, who was buried 26th February, 1 680-1,
aged 62.* The Issots were at this time staunch Non-
conformists. Several of them are mentioned by Oliver
Heywood, and the name occurs frequently in the Horbury
registers, but John's baptism does not appear therein.
Mr. Bryan Dale, in his posthumous Yorkshire Puritanism
(p. 85), assumes the identity of Frankland's assistant
with the Mr. Izott who, in 1662, was ejected from Nun
Monkton, but this seems very improbable. Frankland's
assistant was not ordained until 1678, and was then a
" young " man, and the contemporary of Heywood's
sons, whereas the ejected minister must in that year
have been at least 40, even if he were only 24 when he
was ejected.
A number of Issots were, in 1669, indicted for not
attending the parish church, | and in 1672 Mr. John
Issett, junior, took out a licence as a teacher at the
house of his father, Mr. John Issett, in Horbury, J being
described as a Congregationalist. Frankland's assistant
must have been much younger than the licensed minister
of 1672, who is very likely to have been the ejected
minister of 1662. §
Issot entered Frankland's Academy on 20th February,
1673-4, and eventually became " Frankland's assistant
* Heywood's Diaries, ii., 143 ; iii., 164.
t Bryan Dale's Yorkshire Puritanism, p. 85.
% Lyon Turner's Original Records, p. 332.
§ The Christian name of the ejected minister of Nun Monkton is not known
to the present incumbent.
200 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
in preaching and teaching."* In July, 1678, he was
ordained by Frankland, O. Hey wood and others. OHver
Heywood gives a long account of the ordination, which
we have quoted in our notice of Frankland. f He was an
" able serious young man," and it is evident that Heywood
had a high opinion of his abilities. Very soon after his
ordination he became minister of the society meeting
at John Hey's in Gisburn parish, and in February, 1680-1,
was before the justices, apparently merely as a witness
in connection with the death of a young woman who
had been seduced by a servant at the house where Issot
lodged. This " grievous scandall " troubled Oliver
Heywood much more than the details he records seem
to justify. " A sad rebuke," he says, " it is god knowes,
and it humbles them, and hope I will doe them good,
tho a sad rebuke under their circumstances."!
In August, 1681, he took part in the ordination of John
Heywood, Oliver's son.§
On I2th January, 1687-8, he died. Thomas JoUy,
who describes him as an " able faithfuU young minister
of Christ," says his death was " a sad blow and loud
sermon to Craven." || He was buried at Marton, January
17th, 1687-8.^1 It does not appear that he was married.
The family remained connected with Horbury for several
generations, and one of its descendants is the well-known
Yorkshire antiquary, Mr. John Lister, M.A., J. P., of
Shibden, whose ancestor, John Lister, of Shibden, married,
in 1699, Mary, daughter of William Issot of Horbury.
* Heywood's Diaries, ii., 195.
t Ante, p. 143.
t Heywood's Diaries, ii., 278.
§ Heywood's Diaries, ii., 21.
II Jolly's Note Book, p. 88.
T[ Heywood's Diaries, ii., 150.
201
XVIII.
Persecution Renewed.
ALTHOUGH it was soon withdrawn, King Charles's
Declaration of Indulgence had a considerable in-
fluence on Nonconformist history. It encouraged the
Nonconformists in the hope that toleration would come
soon, and it showed the magistrates which way the King
was inclined.
For its effect on the Nonconformists we have the
evidence of Sir John Reresby, a Yorkshire magistrate : — *
1672 Mar. 15. The King did issue out his proclamation for the
indulgence of tender consciences. This made a great noise not
only in the succeeding Parliaments (where at last it was reversed),
but throughout the kingdom, and was the greatest blow that
ever was given, since the King's restoration, to the Church of
England ; all sectaries by this means repairing publicly to their
meetings and conventicles, insomuch that all the laws, and care
of their execution, against these separatists afterwards, could
never bring them back to due conformity.
Although so generally accepted by the Nonconformists,
the Declaration of Indulgence was not approved either
by them or the members of the Church of England,
being regarded as an unlawful stretching of the royal
prerogative. When Parliament met it made short work
of the Declaration, forcing the King to cancel it on 8th
March, 1672-3. Henceforward no fresh licences were
issued, but those who had obtained licences continued
for a time to preach.
The magistrates were in a quandary, knowing not
how to act for the best, anxious to carry out the laws
* Memoirs, p. 86.
202 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
against Nonconformists, but still more anxious not to
offend the King by prosecuting those whom he had
licensed.
On ' 13th September, 1673, Mr. James Bellingham of
Levens wrote to Fleming asking for advice. " They
are here about us conventicalling, and Mr. Wilson and
selfe is at a stand what to doe. You have heard it
often, a word to the wise, but now a word to the foolish
would be acceptable."*
On 2oth November, 1673, the King made an Order
in Council for the suppression of popery, and for a brief
space the magistrates directed their attention to that
form of dissent, and the laws against Protestant Dis-
senters were in abeyance, and the magistrates were in
doubt what to do, as appears from Daniel Fleming's
letter to Sir John Lowther, dated 24th April, 1674 : — j
Yours I have lately received, and I shall here give you as full
an answer as I am able ; since I cannot waite of you at your
next sessions at Appleby, and I want the advise and assistance
of the Justices here in the barony of Kendall. We in this part
of the county, haveing noe publicke directions how to act against
Dissenters, save his Majestie's proclamation for suppression of
Popery, dated the 20th Nov last past, in pursuance of the same
wee issued out our warrants here in the Barony, requiring the
constables and churchwardens to returne us at our next Quarter
Sessions a perfect schedule of the names of all Papists and Popish
Recusants, and of all persons suspected to be soe.
As concerning our other sects of Recusants I thinke we shall
not further meddle with them at our next Quarter Sessions,
then to give the lawes against them in charge ; since I believe
the Constables and Churchwardens will not returne us their
names, and the Statute 3 Jac. 4 will not reach them for not
receiving the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. As for I2d. a
Sunday if you shall think fit to put that law in execution against
them I should thinke it may be better done by every single
Justice within his division, according to the Statute 3 Jac. 4
then by all the Justices at a Quarter Sessions ; however in this
* Fleming Papers, p. 103.
t Fleming Papers, p. 109.
PERSECUTION RENEWED. 203
and all other things of pubhck concerne, I thinke the Justices
on this side will endeavour to follow your examples as near as
we can. I thinke it unreasonable to expect that any Grand
Jury should find any indictment without oath, unlesse it be
upon their own knowledges. As for the Statute 35 Eliz. it is
a very smart law, and will reach I thinke, all Non-conformists ;
but whether you'le put it in execution against them, I submit
to your better judgment. I have not heard what the Justices
have done in Lancashire, being not at the last Assizes, nor doe
I believe that they have done much yet against the recusants.
Sir John Lowther replied on April 28tli, 1674 : —
I have received your letter, and submitted it to the Justices.
They approve, and have resolved to proceed against those who
absent themselves for one month, under the Statute of 23 Eliz.,
which is in general terms, and not confined to popish Recusants.
The fine is 20s. for the month.
In the same year the Nonconformist congregation at
Natland felt themselves in a sufficiently secure position
to ask Richard Frankland to become their minister and
to settle there with his Academy.* The security was
short lived. On 3rd February, 1674-5, an Order was
made in Council, and was enforced by a Declaration
dated 12th February, 1674-5, aimed entirely against the
Roman Catholics, excepting for one section, " And lastly,
We appoint, That care be taken for the Suppression of
Conventicles, hereby Declaring, That all Our Licences
were long since recalled : and that no Conventicle hath
any Authority, Allowance, or Encouragement from Us."
An immediate local result of this Declaration was that
on March 27th, 1675, a warrant against recusants and
conventicles was issued to the High Constables of Kendal
and Lonsdale wards. The names of offenders were to
be returned to the Sessions on April i6th.f At the
sessions named a long list was presented of persons who
had not repaired to church on March ist. The list does
* Ante, p. 122
\ Fleming Papers, p. ii8.
204 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
not include residents in Kendal itself or in Kirkland,
and cannot be taken as a complete record of the Non-
conformists of Kendal parish. Even for the chapelries
it covers it is probably more complete as a list of Quakers
and Roman Catholics than of Presbyterians and Inde-
pendents. The list, such as it is, is perhaps worth
printing. We have slightly re-arranged it from the county
records.* The names from Beetham and some other
neighbouring parishes are omitted here : —
Crook.
Alan Phillipson, gent.
Peter Bateman, husbandman.
Miles Bateman, waler.
Dorothy Bateman, spinster.
John Thompson, yeoman, Agnes, his wife.
Rebecca Thompson, spinster.
Sarah Thompson, spinster.
Richard Birkett, yeoman.
Richard Croudson, husbandman.
Miles Birkett, yeoman, Jane, his wife.
Mary Harrison, spinster.
Margaret, wife of Nicholas Wilson.
Dillicar.
John Faucett, husbandman, and Jane, his wife.
Docker.
Anthony Simson, yeoman.
Robert Simson and Mary, his wife.
Firbank [Kirkby Lonsdale parish].
Helen, wife of Royland Atkinson.
Dorothy Nicholson, spinster.
George Wharton, yeoman, and Agnes, his wife.
Jane Newby, spinster.
Robert Nicholson, yeoman.
William Toogood, yeoman, and Agnes, his wife.
Agnes Eskrigg, widow.
George Walker, yeoman, and Ellen, his wife.
John Mitchel and Marian, his wife.
Robert Shaw, yeoman, and Elizabeth, his wife.
Anthony Shaw, batchelour.
* Kendal Indictment and Order Book.
PERSECUTION RENEWED, 20^;
Mary Shaw, spinster.
Tabitha Williamson, widow.
Marian Birkett, wife of Stephen.
Grayrigg.
Anthony Duckett, esquire.
Anthony Borwick, yeoman.
James Washington, yeoman.
Elizabeth Browne, spinster.
Bartholomew Gilpin, yeoman.
Peter Meser [Moser], cordwainer.
William Fairer, yeoman.
Martin Simson, yeoman.
John Dickinson, yeoman.
James Rowlandson, yeoman.
John Beck, yeoman, and Sarah, his wife.
Elizabeth Simson, spinster.
Hugill.
Thomas Grave, yeoman, and Jane, his wife.
Isabel Salkeld, spinster.
Margaret Grave, spinster.
Miles Grave, yeoman.
Bridget Hale, spinster. '
Kentmere.
Thomas Couperthwait and Marian, his wife.
Barbara Bateman, spinster.
Dorothy Bateman, spinster.
Anne Bateman,* spinster.
Lambrigg.
Anne Wilson, widow.
Agnes Story, spinster.
Isabel Gardner, widow.
Elizabeth Ward, widow.
Henry Postlethwait, yeoman.
Margaret Story, spinster.
Richard Blacklin, yeoman.
Sarah Wilson.
John Warriner, yeoman.
Thomas Gardner, yeoman.
Marian Rowlandson, widow.
John Atkinson, yeoman, and Rebecca, his wife.
Long Sleddale.
Reginald Harrison and Jane, his wife.
♦ The surname is crossed out.
206 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Nether Staveley.
Nicholas Seward, yeoman, and Agnes, his wife.
Rowland Seward.
William Elleray, yeoman.
John Briggs, yeoman.
Jane Mackreth, spinster.
Isabel Mackreth, spinster.
Old Hutton.
John Thompson, yeoman.
John Atkinson, yeoman.
Mary Ambros, spinster.
Edmund Whittwell, yeoman, and Agnes, his wife.
Margaret Dawson, wife of Gabriel.
Alice Waugh, spinster.*
William Louinde, yeoman, and Margaret, his daughter.
Over Staveley.
John Nealson [sic], yeoman.
Sarah Nelson, spinster.
Thomas Hodgson, yeoman.
Christopher Hodgson, yeoman.
Agnes Hodgson, spinster.
William Muckeltt, yeoman. ,
Alice Harrison, spinster.
Richard Stephenson and Agnes, his wife.
Rowland Stephenson, yeoman, and Elizabeth, his wife.
Anthony Stephenson, yeoman, and Jane, his wife.
Laurence Bateman, yeoman, and Elizabeth, his wife.
Margaret Wilson, spinster.
George Thompson, yeoman.
Roger Borwick, yeoman.
Skelsmergh.
Anne Leyburne, wife of George. ,
Frances Leyburne, spinster.
Peter Mewson, gentleman, and Jane, his wife.
John Pickering, yeoman, and Anne, his wife.
Robert Stephenson, yeoman, and Ahce, his wife.
Anthony Garnett and Marian, his wife.
Elizabeth Piatt, widow.
Marian Piatt, Catherine Piatt, spinster. ' ,
Francis Baines, yeoman.
* In 1658 Jane Waugh, spinster, was committed to Kendal prison for dis-
turbing divine service at Old Hutton Chapel {Cal. S.P. Dom., 1658-9, p. 164)..
The family was evidently Quaker.
PERSECUTION RENEWED. 207
Agnes Harrison, widow.
Margaret Haleheard, wife of Henry, yeoman.
Anne Stephenson, wife of Anthony.
Isabel Nicholson, widow.
Margaret Beck, spinster.
Anne Layfeild, spinster.
Stainton [Heversham parish] .
George Crosfeild, yeoman, and Mabel, his wife.
Underbarrow.
John Wilkinson and Margaret, his wife.
Miles Bateman, yeoman, and Mary, his wife.
John Pepper, yeoman, and Mary, his wife.
James* Mastew, yeoman, and Dorothy, his wife.
Miles Halehead, yeoman.
Miles Hubbersty, Yeoman.
Thomas Cowper, husbandman, John Cowper, his son,
Dorothy, his daughter.
Isabel Hurler [?], widow.
Margaret, wife of Matthew Hodgson.
Whinfell.
Walter Nicholson, yeoman, and Ehzabeth, his wife.
James Dennison, yeoman.
Agnes Hellme, spinster.
Catharine Hellme, spinster.
Robert Wilson, yeoman.
John Pewley, yeoman, and Elizabeth, his wife.
Edmund Pauley, yeoman.
Elizabeth Hellme [Holme], widow.
Thomas Ward, yeoman.
Whitwell and Selside.
William Thorn eburrow, gentleman.
James Thorneburrow, gentleman, and Mary, his wife.
Frances Thorneburrow, widow.
Robert Atkinson, yeoman, and Margaret, his wife.
Thomas Garnett, yeoman, and Dorothy, his wife.
Margaret Atkinson, spinster.
Jane Atkinson, spinster.
Thomas Ayray, yeoman, and Phillis, his wife.
William Simson, yeoman, and Elizabeth, his wife.
James Cornes, yeoman, and Jane, his wife.
* Written in Latin " Jacobus." Possibly his name was Jacob.
208 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
In the following year the justices were again sending
out their warrants for the " return of recusants and
non-conformists to be legally proceeded against," and
Mr. Fleming wrote, on March 31st, 1676, to Mr. Nelson
asking him to let them have " an honest and understanding
jury," by which we suppose he meant one that would
convict. One of the advantages of the jury system is that
it has, on occasion, shielded those who wilfully broke
unjust laws and probably Fleming was in fear of such
a jury acquitting the recusants and Nonconformists,
even if, as would probably be easy enough, their crime
of not attending church was proved to the hilt. The
Churchwardens' Presentment Books* for 1677 contain
a list of Quakers presented for this crime, but no other
Nonconformists appear to be mentioned.
Kendal had by this time become a centre of con-
siderable interest to the Nonconformists. Several of the
older generation of the Nonconformist ministers had sons
under Mr. Frankland's care, and all were interested in
the Academy, where their successors were being educated.
In 1678 the condition of the local Nonconformists was
perhaps improved by the death of Sir Philip Musgrave, at
the age of 80. As a magistrate, he had pervaded Cumber-
land and the north of Westmorland. Despite his great
age, his activity continued almost if not quite to the
end of his life. At "jj he was, we are told, able to ride
93 miles in two days and a half, and then to be so little
weary as to go riding for pleasure the next day.f
Musgrave was an ally and, to some extent, a rival of
Sir Daniel Fleming, whose sphere of influence was the
Barony and North Lancashire.
Fleming, who probably appeared as a persecutor in
the eyes of the Nonconformists, was apparently looked
upon as being lukewarm in that duty by the more
* In the Chester Diocesan Registry,
t Cal. S.P. Dom., 1675-6, p. 196.
PERSECUTION RENEWED. 209
strenuous Musgrave, who, in February, 1675-6, writes :
" If a strict account be given of Justices whose zeal
for the Church has made them proceed to put in execution
the laws against the enemies of it, the number in this
county would be small, and fewer in the Barony of
Kendal."* When Fleming was in the persecuting frame
of rnind he had the moral support of Sir Philip, whom
Oliver Hey wood describes as "a great persecutor,"!
which is also the judgment of John Banks, the Quaker,
who mentions " one Phillip Musgrove . . . called
a Justice, an old Persecutor. "j On the other hand,
James Raine§ says " he was as good a Christian as he was
a brave soldier."
It was certainly Musgrave's duty, as a magistrate, to
see that the Nonconformists complied with the law, and
he cannot justly be described as a persecutor merely
on that account. But he carried his opposition to the
Nonconformists much further than his office compelled
him to do. He employed men to get up evidence against
them, agents provocateurs in fact, and the Quaker records
accuse him of unnecessary harshness to the " culprits "
who came before him by reason of their religious con-
victions. On the whole, we are more inclined to accept
Heywood's opinion of him than Raine's.
Musgrave's own sufferings and losses during the Civil
War and the Commonwealth had been considerable,
and he seems to have been not unwilling to pay off old
scores. As a member of Parliament he seems to have
conceived that his first duty was to the King, rather than
to his constituents.
In justice to the local " persecutors " it should be
stated that they were often urged on by the Government,
* Cal. S.P. Dom., 1675-6, p. 573.
t None. Reg., p. 56.
} Banks's Journal, p. 13.
§ Depositions from York Castle, p. 105.
210 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
and it is not unlikely that without that urging they would
have been quite willing to leave their neighbours in
peace.*
On January 24th, 1679-80, the Lords of the Privy
Council wrote to the Clerk of the Peace in Westmorland
urging the justices to enforce the laws against Recusants. f
The Fleming papers do not show any immediate result
of this pressure, but Daniel Fleming received a reward
for his zealous performance of his magisterial duties,
being knighted by King Charles IL at Windsor Castle
on 15th May, i68i.:|:
In 1680 Parliament had considered, without en-
thusiasm, a measure in favour of comprehension, but
the Bill was dropped. More successful was a Bill for
releasing Protestant Dissenters from the penalties of
the Act of 35 Elizabeth, which actually passed both
Houses of Parliament, but disappeared in some mysterious
manner before it could be presented to the King for the
royal assent. §
These attempts to ameliorate the condition of the
Dissenters were due to no growth of tolerance, but to
an increased fear of Rome. The Church and Parliament
realized that with Protestants divided the Roman
Catholics might, indeed had, become a danger to English
liberties. Early in 1681 the fifth and last Parliament
of Charles IL was dissolved, and for the remainder of
his reign the King was an autocrat. Nevertheless, he
held put hopes of frequent parliaments, and in the summer
* An incident showing tlie unwillingness of some of the authorities to
put in force the laws against Nonconformists occurred in 1684. The parson
of Kirklinton in Cumberland having notice of a conventicle required the
constables and churchwardens to suppress it. They refused, and he com-
plained to Mr. Warwick, a magistrate, and desired a warrant against them
tor their neglect, but could not oljtain it. So the parson swore an information
against the magistrate for his neglect of duty. Mr. Warwick's explanation,
that the matter was not mentioned to him, scarcely carries conviction with
it. (Fleming Papers, p. 195).
t Fleming Papers, p. 165.
J Shaw's Knights of England, ii., 255.
§ Dale's English Congregationalism, p. 441.
PERSECUTION RENEWED. . 211
of 1681 the London Gazette was filled to overflowing by
the loyal addresses of grateful subjects giving the King
thanks — for nothing.
In the " humble address of Your Majesties most Loyal
and most Obedient Subjects, the Mayor, Recorder,
Aldermen, Common Council and Commonalty, of Your
antient Burrough of Appleby,"* give thanks to the
King for his promise of frequent parliaments and his
promise to use his " utmost Endeavour to extirpate
Popery," and sundry other promises. So grateful are
they that they believe themselves obliged, " by all
the Ties of Duty and Gratitude," and " do humbly
tender at your Majesties Feet, our Lives and Fortunes,
in defence of your Majesties Sacred Person, Crown and
Government, against all those Your Enemies who shall
endeavour to subvert that Government, and Religion
of the Church of England (the best in the Christian
World) as it is now established by Law, and which Your
Majesty hath hitherto piously Preserved, and most
graciously declar'd constantly to Defend."
Good Churchmen and loyal were the Mayor 'and
Corporation of Appleby, nor were their brethren of Kendal
far behind. A mere extract wiU not suffice for the Kendal
address. We must quote it at length : — 7
May it please your most Sacred Majesty,
We your Majesties truly Loyal and Obedient Subjects, the
Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and Burgesses of your Majesties
Borough of Kirkby- Kendall in the County of Westmoreland,
do in all humilety (as in duty bound) desire to present our most
grateful, but most just Sence of Your Majesties late most Gracious
Declaration ; in which, as we cannot but admire your Majesties
extraordinary Condescention in communicating to all, even the
meanest of Your Subjects, the great reason of Your Actions ;
so are we infinitely obliged by those renewed Assurances of
Your Majesties constant Adherence to the wise and wholesome
* London Gazette, July 25-28th, 1681.
■\ London Gazette, August 29th — September ist, 1681.
212 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Laws already established for our common welfare both in Church
and State ; and are heartily glad to see the same so kindly
received, and so thankfully resented in so many Loyal and
Dutiful Addresses, with which we do most sincerely and chear-
fully joyn ; Heartily Declaring, that we who have experienced
Your Majesties great Clemency and Benignity towards the most
fro ward of Your Subjects (those mistaken Men, who will not
understand how perfectly their particular Good is involv'd in
the publick ; Who by your Majesties Fatherly Tenderness and
Pity, are made happy even against their Wills) We that have
felt the blessed Fruits of Your Majesties most profound Wisdom,
Care and Conduct in a secure Peace ; while our Neighbors abroad
do yet groan under the dismal mischiefs of War and Devastations.
We that daily find the great benefit of our established Laws
in the true Liberty of our Consciences, to worship our God accord-
ing to the Offices of the best Church in the world ; and in the
comfortable enjoyment of all the effects of our Civil imployments
and personal Industry should account our selves unworthy of
those Lives and Fortunes which by these means we enjoy, should
we not faithfully imploy them in the Service of Your Majesty,
Your lawful Heirs and Successors ; should we not with our
utmost Powers endeavour that Your Person be as truly Honoured
as it is Great ; and Your Government as easie to Your Self, as
it is beneficial to us.
This Declaration of our hearty Sense, as we humbly intreat
Your Majesty to accept, so we faithfully promise that all our
future actions shall make good, and by manifesting the sincerity,
shall somewhat recompence the slowness of it. In which Resolu-
tions we subscribe our selves, having caused our Common Seal
to be hereunto affixed, this 6th day of August, in the thirty third
year of Your Majesties Reign, which God long continue ; Thus Pray
Your Majesties Loyal and Obedient Subjects.
Kendal was slow,' a month after Appleby, in its address,
but what it lacked in promptness it made up in humour.
The sentences referring to the Dissenters " those mis-
taken men " and " the true Liberty of our Consciences "
are delightful.
In 1681 the King, much against his will, charged the
Justices of Middlesex to put the laws against Popish
Recusants into execution, and in December* supple-
* London Gazette, December i2-i5th, 1681.
PERSECUTION RENEWED. 213
mented this charge by commanding the Lord Mayor
and Aldermen and the Justices of Middlesex, and else-
where, " to use their utmost endeavours to suppress all
conventicles and unlawful meetings upon pretence of
religious worship," His Majesty declaring, "it is His
Express pleasure, that the Laws be effectually put in
execution against them, both in City and Country."
What local effects of this there may have been, we do
not know.
In the following year came an opportunity to the
local governing bodies to show their attachment to
King and Church. An " Association " for preventing
the accession to the throne of the Duke of York, a Roman
Catholic, was discovered and was made the occasion of
many loyal addresses to the King.
The number of these addresses is so great, and their
loyalty so pronounced, that we may be quite safe in
assuming them to have been sent in response to a request
from the Government. The " loyalty " may be taken
with a grain of salt, but the addresses are of interest as
indicating the official view of Nonconformity at the time.
Two addresses found their way from Westmorland : —
To the Kings most Excellent Majesty.
The Most humble Address of His Majesties Justices of the
Peace, and of the Gentlemen of the Grand Inquest for the County
of Westmorland, at the General Quarter-Sessions of the Peace
holden (by Adjournment) for the said County, at Kendal, the
28th day of April, Anno Domini 1682.
Great Sir
We Your Sacred Majesties most Loyal and most Obedient
Subjects, being very sensible of the great happiness which we
and all Your Subjects have enjoyed ever since Your Majesties
most joyful and most wonderful Restauration, by which our
Religion, Laws, Liberties, and Properties were miraculously
rescu'd from the great Prophaneness, Violence and Oppression
of such Persons who pretending indeed Zeal and Tenderness of
Conscience, pull'd down some Churches, turn'd others into
Prisons and Stables, Fought against. Imprisoned, and at last
214 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
most barbarously Murthered their Sovereign Lord, Your Majesties
Father of Blessed Memory, Plundered, Sequestered, Decimated,
and killed many of their Fellow-Subjects, contrary to the known
Laws of God and this Kingdom ; and we having too much reason
to suspect that divers restless wicked men are still endeavouring
to Ruine the Established Government in Church and State by
instilling into the minds of many, Principles of Rebellion, and
leading them into Plots and Treacherous Conspiracies, as appears
by the subtil insinuations of the late most Seditious Association,
are overjoyed that your Majesty is so well informed of their
Designs and Actions ; which we hope will render ineffectual all
their Rebellious and Fanatical Contrivances.
Then follow protestations of loyalty, and this apology
for not having sent the address earlier : —
And we the Inhabitants of this County do earnestly desire and
chearfuUy hope. That our being thus slow in Declaring according
to our Duty, shall be excused ; we being so remote, and having
no Lent-Assizes, and likewise conscious of our having been
ever truly Loyal to the King and Church of England, since very
few or no Gentlemen among us were engaged for the Rebels in
the late War.*
The address from the Corporation of Kendal is inter-
esting. The Corporation who suspected a revival of
the Commonwealth as the ultimate aim of the Association,
gave a smart rap at the plea for liberty of conscience,
" a liberty which themselves would never allow to others,"
and hinted to the King that the borough ought to return
members to Parliament. Curious is the fact that in
this formal document the borough is given its colloquial
name of Kendal instead of its proper name of Kirkby
Kendal.
To the Kings Most Excellent Majesty.
The Humble Address of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and
Burgesses of the Corporation of Kendall in the County of West-
morland.
* London Gazette, May 25-29th, it
PERSECUTION RENEWED. 215
Dread Sovereign,
When we reflect upon the late intended Association, (which
by Your Majesties great Wisdom was so timely discovered and
prevented) we can never sufhciently detest and abhor the per-
nicious Designs of those Catilines who were the Authors or
Abetters of that Conspiracy, wherein it is apparent, that the
Dethroning of Your Majesties Sacred Person, and Posterity, and
the Subversion of the present Government, was the only Object
of that Fanatick fury, which heretofore could not be appeased,
but by the Bloody Sacrifice of Your Royal Father of blessed
Memory, and by turning the best of Monarchies into Confusion
and Anarchy : And though an Ignoramus Jury would make
us believe, that this Monster had its Birth and Being from some
Votes in Parliament, we are so far from having so Dishonourable
a thought of that Wise and Great Council of the Nation, that
we hope (when Your Majesty in Your great Judgment shall think
fit to call a Parliament) that it will be the great Concern and
Care of that most Honourable Assembly to find out and punish
the Contrivers and Promoters of so Rebellious and Treasonable
Designs and Practices : And were we capable of sending Repre-
sentatives to Parliament, it should be the first good Service we
should desire of them : We cannot but admire and dread those
restless Men, who when they had imbrued their hands in the
Blood of their Sovereign, and thousands of his Loyal Subjects ;
had robbed and defaced the Church ; had enriched themselves
with the Spoils of their fellow Subjects, and after all these Villanies
committed, did peaceably and quietly Enjoy their Forfeited
Lives, and ill-gotten Estates under Your Majesties most gracious
Act of Oblivion ; yet are still attempting to act the same Tragedy
over again, under the same painted Scenes of Petitions and
Associations, Leagues and Convenants, behind which is nothing
but Blackest Treason and Rebellion ; for however Liberty of
Conscience (a Liberty which themselves would never allow to
others) and Reformation of Religion may be pretended, there
is nothing more certain than that the Royal Martyr observed,
and by sad experience found, " That the Devil of Rebellion
doth commonly turn himself into an Angel of Reformation : "
And as we do here declare our perfect hatred and abhorrence
not only of this but of all other Associations and Confederacies
whatsoever made without Your Majesties Consent, so we will
be ready with our Lives and Fortunes to defend and maintain
Your Majesties Sacred Person and Prerogative and the Estab-
lished Government in Church and State, and the Succession and
2l6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Descent of the Crown in its Right and due Course against all
Associating Factious Persons whatsoever. In Witness whereof
we have caused the Common Seal of this Your Majesties Corpora-
tion to be set hereunto the sixth day of May, in the Four and
thirtieth Year of Your Majesties most happy Reign.*
The Rye House " plot," discovered in 1683, was the
occasion for more loyal and humble addresses from
various parts of the country, in many of which it was
assumed that the Nonconformists were at the bottom
of the plot. The Society of Gray's Inn, for instance,
mentioned " the treasonable and horrid conspiracies
. . . designed and contrived by Fanatical Dissenters,
and other wicked and desperate Persons," and the Com-
missioners of the Lieutenancy within the City of London
referred to the conspiracy " amongst divers Persons of
Factious, Tumultous and Rebellious Spirits, known
Dissenters from the Religion established within these
your Majesties Kingdoms, and Common Enemies of
Monarchy itself. "|
The addresses from Westmorland did not so directly
accuse the Dissenters of complicity. There were three
addresses, one from the Justices and Grand Jury at the
Quarter Sessions, J another from Sir Christopher Philipson
and the rest of the Gentlemen of the Grand Jury at the
Assizes held at Appleby, and a third from Kendal. The
last is a fine example of an " address," exhibiting, not
loyalty merely, but a classical scholarship which suggests
that the new Vicar, the Rev. Thomas Murgatroyd, may
have had a hand in its composition : —
To the King's Most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen,
Burgesses, and Grand Jury, at the General Sessions of the Peace
holden for the Borough of Kirkby- Kendal in the County of
Westmorland, the Thirteenth day of July, in the Thii-fy fifth
Year of His Majesty's Reign.
* London Gazette, June 5-8th, 1682.
■f London Gazette, July g-iath, 1683.
X London Gazette, 2o-23rd August, 1683.
PERSECUTION RENEWED. 217
May it please Your Majesty,
When the Votes of the Senate could not prevail against Cjesar
to Dethrone or Exclude him, Brutus and his Bloody Associates
Conspired his Death. Thus fell the then greatest Monarch on
Earth by the hands of his Ambitious ungrateful Favorites. This
we mention (Dread Sovereign) with Horror and Astonishment,
when we hear (by Your Majesties Proclamations) of the late
Horrid Conspiracy against the Lives of Your Sacred Majesty
and Your Dearest Brother the Duke of York ; for since Your
Majesty, by Your great Wisdom and Conduct has happily
avoided those Rocks Your Royal Father of Blessed Memory,
Split upon and that You could not be drawn in by the Sirens
Songs of Tollerations, Exclusions, Comprehensions, and such
like Enchantments, to part with Your Crown and Scepter in a
formal way, the Malice of Your Enemies is turn'd into Despair
and Madness, and what was formerly intended by the Accursed
Association they would now Execute by this Execrable Con-
spiracy, as thinking themselves safe only (for the great Affronts
and Insolencies offer'd to Your Majesty and his Royal Highness)
by committing greater Evils, even the greatest imaginable,
The Barbarous Murder of God's Anointed, which must necessarily
have been attended with a general Massacre of all Your Majesties
good Subjects, the Desolation of Your Kingdom, and the utter
subversion of the Government. We have heard indeed of late
Damnable Hellish Plots against Your Majesties Person and
the Government, but do certainly conclude that Hell itself
never hatch'd a more Devilish Design than this which Your
Majesty hath so happily discovered, and which nothing but
Divine Providence (which has so eminently appear'd in the
Preservation of You, both by Sea and Land) could possibly
have prevented.
Now as we humbly offer our unfeign'd Thanks to the Divine
Majesty for so great a Deliverance, so we do assure your Majesty
of our utmost Detestation of this Horrid Villany, and that we
shall be ready to Sacrifice our Lives and Estates in the defence
of Your Majesty, Your Royal Successors and the Establish'd
Government ; and that we will look upon all Persons as Favourers
and Abetters of this Wicked Conspiracy, who shall not use their
utmost endeavours to bring the Conspirators to condign Punish-
ment.*
* London Gazette, August 23-27111, if
2l8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
For a time persecution of ordinary Nonconformists had
ceased, or if there was any going on it has left no traces.
The Quakers, however, continued to suffer. There were,
indeed, reasons why the Friends were persecuted more
than members of other denominations. They were most
active in their propaganda, utterly disrespectful of
magistrates, or at least persisted in conduct which magis-
trates thought to be disrespectful, they would not take
an oath even in a court of justice, a peculiarity to which
many of their early troubles were due, and they would
not pay tithes. On the tithe question they gave offence
to every clergyman, and to all laymen who were interested
pecuniarily in tithes. No wonder they suffered perse-
cution, and one cannot but admire the sturdiness with
which they suffered. The Quakers roused antagonism
for other than religious reasons. On the other hand, the
Presbyterians and Independents were much as other
men, even in their religious beliefs, and they were perse-
cuted solely because of their preference for one form of
worship to another, though perhaps in the background
of the persecutors' minds there was the belief that Non-
conformity was identical with republicanism. In i636
persecution of the Quakers was practically stopped, the
Earl of Rochester having informed Sir Daniel Fleming
that it was the King's pleasure " not to have those poore
people so troubled upon the account of their being
Quakers only."*
Two prominent Nonconformists died during this period
of persecution. Edward Briggs, an old Kendal carrier,
died 4th December, 1678, aged 64. Oliver Heywood,
recording his death, | says " this good old man " was
" a good man, great friend to ministers." Twenty-live
years earlier he had been described as "an holy, humble
Saint in Westmerland," who had been one of the Ouakers,
Papers, p. 201.
t None. Reg., p. 59.
PERSECUTION RENEWED. 219
but " whom God was pleased to deliver out of their
snares, with which, for some time, he was entangled."*
In 1682! died John Archer of Oxenholme, aged 71.
He had been a busy and useful public man during the
Commonwealth.:!: Afterwards, being a Dissenter, he was
disqualified. His family did not remain Nonconformists.
His daughter was the wife of Bishop Nicolson, and his
grandson Dr. John Archer was Mayor of Kendal and a J. P.
We have no information as to ministers in the district
excepting that we know that visitors to Mr. Frankland's
Academy preached both to the scholars and to the
townspeople. §
Thomas Jolly is our only authority for any account
of the state of the Nonconformist body here at this period,
and his information is not quite as definite as we would
wish. He hints at troubles and quarrels, and appears
to have endeavoured to make up the differences which
undoubtedly existed. What these difficulties were we
do not know, but we may perhaps hazard a suggestion
that they were the differences between the Presbyterians
and the Independents, who would appear to have formed
one body, though not a united one.
In August, 1683, Jolly was at Kendal on a " day
appointed for thanksgiving upon account of the late
untoward unhappy business at London, |1 concerning
which wee were willing to goe along with authority soe
far as wee could (besides the occasion and observation
of it, as it was the lord's day) and I took occasion also
to admonish professors as to some things in that case."T|
In the following year Jolly writes : "I did therefore
take this occasion to goe my Kendall circuit where my
labours in preaching were more than ordinary, and I
* Perfect Pharisee, p. 7.
t Buried at Kendal Church, 22 May, 1682.
X Ante, p. 13.
§ Ante, p. 150.
!| The Rye House plot.
T[ Jolly's Note Book, p. 55.
220 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
would have been of use for the binding up of that broken
Society."* The reference to the " broken society " is
interesting.
In the following year (1685) the congregation were
evidently more harmonious. Jolly had " much liberty "
at Kendal, " both in the week and on the Sabbath
following, God going along and meeting mee everywhere,
strengthening and supplying mee every way."t
In 1687 James II. issued his now almost forgotten
Declaration for liberty of conscience. | The King began
by acknowledging that " after all the frequent and
pressing endeavours that were used ... to reduce
this Kingdom to an exact conformity in Religion, it is
visible the success had not answered the design, and
that the difficulty is invincible " and then, making no
doubt of the concurrence of the Houses of Parliament
" when we shall think it convenient for them to meet,"
proceeded to suspend the penal laws and to give his
subjects leave to " meet and serve God after their own
way and manner ; be it in private houses or places pur-
posely hired or built for that use," but nothing was to be
preached against God, the meetings were to be public
and open, and the meeting places were to be made known
to the magistrates. The Church of England was duly
protected, but the oaths of supremacy and allegiance
and the several tests and declarations mentioned in
Acts of 25 and 30 Charles II. were not required to be taken.
This Declaration was the most tolerant that had been
issued, but it had, for that period, the great defect of
giving toleration to the Catholics as well as to Protestant
Dissenters, and it was not received favourably by the bulk
of the nation. Sir John Reresby§ probably expresses
the opinion of his contemporaries.
* Jolly's Note Book, p. 62.
t Jolly's Note Book, p. 76.
X London Gazette, April 4-7th, 1687.
§ Memoirs, p. 372.
PERSECUTION RENEWED. 221
1687 Apr 7. There came down the declaration for hberty of
conscience, gilded over with tenderness to his Majesty's subjects,
in general invitation to strangers of different opinions, improve-
ment of trade, and promising all this time to protect the bishops
and ministers of the Church of England in their functions, rights,
and properties and free exercise of their religion in the churches.
But the design was well understood, viz., to divide the Protestant
churches, that the Papists might find less opposition. The
Presbyterians or Calvinists, who most of them had begun to
conform, continued to come to our churches.* The Anabaptists,
Quakers and Independents made addresses to the King for this
Indulgence. ;
The addresses, to which Reresby's refers, were ardently
sought for on the King's behalf, and very many of them
are printed in the London Gazette, but we find no address
from the Kendal Dissenters amongst them.
James II. was known to be such an honest Catholic
that it was difficult for his contemporaries to believe
that he was really in favour of the toleration of Dissenters.
Some months after his first Declaration of Indulgence the
King made a progress. Says Sir John Reresby : — f
1687 Sep 12. It was generally observed in this progress, that the
King courted the Dissenters and discouraged those of the Church
of England ; for the Papists not being numerous enough by
much to contest with the Church of England, he thought to make
that party the stronger by gaining to it the Dissenters whom
he baited with liberty of conscience, and with telling them that
the desire he had that the test and penal laws should be taken
away was for their ease and securitj^ as well as the Papists.
The Dissenters were not taken in, and were generally
agreed that liberty of conscience must not be allowed
to Roman Catholics.
In June, 1687, when King James's Declaration was in
force, Jolly laboured " publiquly and privatly,"; and in
* Reresby was a South Yorkshireman, and no doubt refers to his own
locality. There is no evidence, that we are aware of, in support of the state-
ment that most of the Presbyterians had begun to conform.
t Memoirs, p. 381.
X Jolly's Note Book, p. 84.
222 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
that year he had a " call to Kendal."* He mentions that
his answer is in the Church Book, but, as the Altham and
Wymondhouses Church Book is only known from an
imperfect abridgement, we are unable to quote it, but
we know that the answer was in the negative. There is
nothing to show whether this " call " was from the bulk
of the Dissenters or merely from a section, but in either
case it suggests that the Independents were still strong
in the town. If it was a call from the whole body of
Nonconformists, it is evident that the pulpit was vacant,
and it may be that James Hulme was selected as minister
when Jolly declined the invitation. |
In the next year the King again published his Declara-
tion and ordered it to be read in the churches. The
Archbishop of Canterbury and six bishops petitioned
the King to be excused so doing, and were in consequence
committed to the Tower. They were tried for a libel and
acquitted on June 30th, 1688, amidst the rejoicings of the
whole nation. Remote as Kendal was from the capital,
the good news travelled quickly, and on July 4th the
church bells were set joyously ringing by ringers, whose
joy did not diminish their thirst for the free drinks pro-
vided, at the public expense, by the churchwardens. :!;
* Jolly's Note Book, p. 138.
t Thomas Jolly was an Independent, but he thought the duty of Non-
conformists was to work together in harmony. Calamy (Continuation, p.
559) says " He was very successful in making up Breaches in Churchtes ; and
was a son of Peace, speaking the Truth in Love. He drew up a large Essay
for further Concord amongst Evangelical Reforming Churches, and was very
active in promoting the Design, being of a Catholick healing Spirit."
% Local Chronology, p. 115.
223
XIX.
James Hulme, Died 1688.
rilHE call to Thomas Jolly to be minister in 1687
-L marks the beginning of a new epoch. The period
of persecution was ending, and although Jolly did not
accept the call the Kendal Nonconformists, in that year
or the next, secured James Hulme as their settled
minister.
It is probable that Hulme's congregation were scattered
over Kendal and Heversham parishes, and that they met
in small numbers in convenient farm-houses and barns,
just as they had been obliged to do during the perse-
cution.
Probably from these little groups developed, after
toleration, the more definite congregations meeting at
Crook, Stainton and Kendal, the latter from its central
situation being, no doubt, the most important.
Little is known of James Hulme, whose name is also
spelled Holm, Holme, and Holmes, who, in or about
1687, became minister of the Kendal congregation.
Oliver Heywood* says he was born in Rochdale parish,
and his age at death shows that he was born about 1630,
but the Rochdale parish registers of that period do not
contain the baptism of any one of the name. In 1660
Hulme was at Denton assisting John Angier and living
in his house. He preached before the Manchester Classis
on 14th August, 1660, the date of its last meeting. | It
is doubtful if at this time he was more than a candidate
for the ministry, but he is included as " Mr. James Holme
of Denton Assistant," in a list of ejected ministers,
* None. Reg., p. 73.
t Shaw's Manchester Classis, p. 346 (Chet. Soc, n.s., 24).
224 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
prepared in 169 1.* In this list candidates and preachers
are given apart from the ministers. Calamy also includes
Hulme, but as he was not beneficed, he must be regarded
as a silenced rather than an ejected minister. John
Angier, minister of Denton, writes in his diary that
" Mr. Holme took his leave," 2gth November, 1662.!
Calamy says " he often changed his habitation," but
gives no details except that he was in Holland part of
the time.^ A Mr. Hulme was preaching at Little Lever,,
near Bolton, Lancashire, in July, 1666, and October,
1667, § and in 1669 " Mr. Hulmes " was one of several
Nonconformist ministers " presented " by the church-
wardens of Blackburn " for preaching at Conventicles
at diverse chappels in this parish especially at Darwin
Chappell."!] The other ministers presented were Mr.
Thomas Jolly, Mr. Samuel Newton, Mr. Astley and Mr.
Parr, and from the presentments it appears that Hulme
and others used to preach at Darwen chapel by turns
every Sunday.
It is thus evident that James Hulme, for no doubt
these references are all to the Kendal minister, continued
his preaching throughout the persecution period. But
it is probable that Hulme conformed, as he, or another
person of the same name,^ held a position which only
a conformist ought to have held. In 1671 James Holme
is described as " Minister of Milnrow," and on 4th March,
1678-9 as " Curate of Milnrow in Butterworth." ** In
1677 he was " presented " by the churchwardens for
* Bodleian Library. Tanner MSS., 152, fo. 49.
t Raines MSS., xxiii., 433.
t Ace, p. 396.
(j Haywood's Diaries, i., 229, 246.
i[ Cliester Churchwardens' Books, 1669. He is named also in the Church-
wardens' Presentment Books, York, 1669, for a similar offence, his name
there being spelled Holmes.
U There was another minister of the same name, namely " Old Mr. James
Hulme, minister of Chelmorton," who was buried at Oldham, loth February,
1706.
** Raines MSS., xxxvii., 318.
JAMES HULME, DIED l68S. 225
not being duly admitted to the curacy he was serving,
and on 4th March, 1677-8, he appeared before the Consis-
tory Court and was ordered to obtain hcence or admission
and so to be certified at the next sitting of the Court.*
Milnrow was one of the numerous poor chapelries in
Lancashire for which it was difficult to find incumbents.
The stipend, being but £10 per year, was too small to be
attractive, and it is probable that strict enquiry was not
made into the full and complete conformity of anyone
who would take so profitless a duty.
Canon Raines, who had no doubt as to the identity
of the Milnrow curate with the Kendal minister, says
that Hulme " was like a vessel tossed on the sea and it
is well if he did not suffer shipwreck at last."
Hulme appears to have obtained this small curacy of
Milnrow just before the Indulgence. Consequently he
does not appear amongst the licensed ministers of 1672.
" At last had a call to Kendal in Westmoreland,"! says
Calamy, and from Hulme's association with Jolly and
Jolly's known interest in the Kendal congregation, we
may assume that it was on Jolly's recommendation that
Hulme settled at Kendal. If that was the case it is
probable that Hulme's sympathies were Independent,
while his upbringing with good John Angier of Denton
would give him that knowledge of the Presbyterian
position which would make him a suitable minister for
a congregation obviously composite.
Unless his stay in Kendal was very short indeed,
Hulme must already have been minister in 5th month
[July], 1688, when Jolly was " much alfiicted at the sad
condition of the congregation at Kendall." He says " I
could bring them a healing word, but, alass ! .1 could
doe htle healing work among them.":|:
* Chester Churchwardens' Presentment Book.
t Ace, p. 396.
J Jolly's Note Book, p. 90.
226 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
According to the Nonconformist Register Hulme died
at Kendal in November, 1688, aged 58, but the month
is an error. His burial is recorded in the parish register
under date October 17th, " Mr. James Holmes, Non:
Con: minister, Underbarrow." His will does not appear
to be extant. Calamy mentions that he had a son
" with whom he went into Holland breeding him up for
the ministry." The son was pastor of a congregation
at Uxbridge and died young.*
Jolly again visited Kendal on his favourite mission of
reconciling irreconcilables. He dates his visit 1688,
" soon after " the loth of 12th month. As the year
began 25th March, 12th month of 1688 would be February
of 1689. Coming so soon after Hulme's death, it is
almost certain that the visit was connected with the
choice of his successor. Respecting this visit, Jolly
says : —
The condition of the people of Kendall in the present conjuncture
and the engagement upon mee to goe thither did necessitate mee
to travel through much wett and foul way.t
* There is no reference to this son in the account of the Old Meeting, Ux-
bridge, in W. H. Summers's History of the Berks, S. Bucks and S. Oxon. Con-
gregational Churches.
t Note Book, p. 93.
227
XX.
Legal Toleration, 1689.
rriOLERATION had been anathema to the Presby-
J- terians in their hour of triumph, but after twenty-
seven years of wandering in the wilderness they were
willing to be themselves tolerated.
Of the feeling of the Commonwealth Presbyterians on
toleration, we cannot do better than quote the always
vigorous Thomas Edwards : — *
Pt. I. A Toleration is the grand designe of the Devil, his Master-
peece and cheif Engine he works by at this time, to uphold his
tottering Kingdom ; it is the most compendious, ready, sure
way to destroy all Religion, lay all waste, and bring in all evil ;
it is a most transcendent, Catholike, and Fundamental evil, for
this Kingdom of any that can be imagined : As original sin is the
most Fundamental sin, all sin ; having the Seed and Spawn of
all in it : So a Toleration hath all Errors in it, and all Evils,
it is against the whole stream and current of Scripture both in
the Old and New Testament, both in matters of Faith and
manners, both general and particular commands ; it overthrows
all relations, both Political, Ecclesiastical, and Oeconomical ;
and whereas other evils, whether Errors of judgement or practise,
be but against some one or few places of Scripture or Relation,
this is against all, this is the Abaddon, Apollyon, the destroyer
of all Religion, the Abomination of Desolation and Astonishment,
the Liberty of Perdition (as Austine calls it) and therefore the
Devil follows it night and day, working mightily in many by
writing Books for it, and other wayes, all the Devils in Hell,
and their Instruments, being at work to promote a Toleration.
Edwards but expressed in his own vigorous language
the opinion not only of the Presbyterians but of the
Anglicans and Romanists of his time. The Independents
Gangrcena, 1646, Part i., p. 58.
228 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
were in favour of toleration, and towards the end of the
Protectorate had actually achieved a toleration which,
in most respects, was more tolerant than the settlement
of 1689.
When the Act of Uniformity drove out of the Church
all but the Episcopalian clergymen, it threw the Presby-
terians on their own resources, and it is significant of the
small hold the Presbyterian system had on either people
or ministers that no attempt was made anywhere in
England to continue the holding of classes, presbyteries
or synods after the Restoration. The whole apparatus
of Presbyterian church government was dropped, and
but for some differences in the method of ordaining
ministers, the Presbyterians became almost identical
with the Independents. As a system of Church govern-
ment in England, Presbyterianism lasted less than a
score of years ; it was never universal, and it ended
suddenly in 1660. From 1662, throughout the persecu-
tion period, there is no sign of the survival of the Presby-
terian polity, and such congregations as continued to
exist were gathered churches independent of each other
and free from any interference from classis or synod.
When, in 1689, dissenting churches had legal recognition
of their right to exist no attempt was made to revive
the Presbyterian system. There were regular meetings*
of the ministers of both denominations, but these bore
no resemblance to the classes, presbyteries and synods,
all of which included lay representatives as well as
ministers. Thus the years of persecution had converted
Presbyterians into practical Independents, and had
made them willing to accept a toleration they were
unwilling to grant when the}^ had the power.
Not only were they willing to accept toleration, but
* These Association meetings were iield in Yorl>;shire during the liberty
allowed by the first Declaration of Indulgence, and were renewed under the
Toleration of James II.
LEGAL TOLERATION, 1689. 229
they were willing to accept it in a form which to us
nowadays appears distinctly and intentionally degrading.
The Act of Toleration of 1689 did not repeal any of the
numerous acts levelled against Protestant Dissenters
nor remove from the statute book the insulting preamble
of the Act of Uniformity of 1662 : " a great number of
people in divers parts of the realm, following their own
sensuality and living without knowledge and due fear
of God, do wilfully and schismatically abstain and refuse
to come to their parish churches."
The Act of Toleration did not alter the law; but it
relieved from the penalties of the law all those who broke
it after taking certain oaths, which very few Protestants
would have any scruples about taking.
The oaths which had to be taken were such as Roman
Catholics could not take, and so they received no tolera-
tion, and Anti-trinitarians were expressly excluded from
receiving any benefit therefrom.
Though it was far from being a perfect measure of
religious equality, the Act of Toleration is the foundation
of such religious liberty as we now enjoy, and from it
dates the legal existence of our oldest Nonconformist
congregations.
It is probable that shortly before the Act of Toleration
the dissenting ministers of Cumberland and Westmorland
began to meet together at regular intervals for counsel
and ordinations, as in 1688 James Noble, minister of
Brampton, was ordained.* In 1709 another Brampton
minister was ordained " by the Presbyterian ministers
in Cumberland,"! ^"^^l there were many later ordinations.
This meeting of ministers resembled the Association of
Commonwealth time, and, except by consent, had, so
far as we know, no disciplinary power, such as a Classis
or Presbytery would have. In the Minutes of the Presby-
* Scott's Fasti, i., 477.
+ Scott's Fasti, ii., 528.
230 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
terian Fund there are references which imply that
neighbouring ministers were consulted before the Fund
made grants to a new minister.
This meeting of ministers, Presbyterian and Inde-
pendent, continued until towards the end of the eighteenth
century, and is often mentioned in our later chapters.
One of the important results of Toleration was the
establishment by wealthy London congregations and
merchants of a Fund to assist students for the ministry
and country congregations and ministers. Established
in 16C9 the Fund was at first supported by Presbyterians
and Independents. In 1693 the latter withdrew and
formed their own Fund, and the original Fund became
known as the Presbyterian Fund.
One of the earliest local benefactions of the Fund
was for a monthly lecture at Milnthorpe. On 31st August,
1691, the managers agreed that £8 per annum be allowed
" towards the propagation of the Gospel at Milthrop in
Westmorland from the time of the setting up of a lecture
in that place." On 21st March, 1692 [i.e., 1691-2], Mr.
Richard Stretton reported that the lecture at Milthrop
commenced from the 29th of September last past, and
grants were made to Milthrop up to June, 1693.*
The first preacher was Thomas Jolly, who writes : —
A monthly exercise being sett up in Millthropp in Westmoreland
I was desired to begin it ; accordingly (with the consent of my
brethren) I went thither, though the way and weather was too
hard for mee, soe that I was much indisposed in my return and
necessitated to stay by the way.
The Milnthorpe lecture seems to have been discontinued
when the Fund grant ceased. In 1693 Jolly was invited
to Milnthorpe to lecture. His journey thither was " in a
cloud of doubts as to the opportunity there, yet I durst
not decline it, it proved a disappointment by the sus-
pending of that meeting."!
* Presbyterian Fund Minutes, i., 46, 65, 69, 98, 114.
t Jolly's Note Book, p. no, in, 118.
s ^
H u
" o
ii
-- E
:; o
231
XXI.
Mr. Dearneley to Mr. Thorneley, 1690-1700.
TN 1690, when the Presbyterian Fund obtained returns
-i- of dissenting congregations, the Kendal dissenters
were a " considerable company," and had a minister,
" Mr. Darnley," who had £2^^ per annum, but there was
no meeting house.* This want was supplied very soon,
as the dated pew-ends now in the Chapel vestry suggest
that 1691 was the date when the congregation found a
permanent home, whether a new chapel built for the
purpose, or an older building adapted. Where this
meeting-house was situated we do not know, but Mr.
Jennings told us of a tradition that the original building
was on the Fell Side and that Presbyterians and Friends
used it jointly. The FeU Side is probable enough, but
we cannot imagine two such antagonistic congregations
using the same building at the same time. Of the meeting-
house itself we know nothing beyond the fact that the
walls were rough-cast and the roof of slate.
The " Mr. Darnley " of the Presbyterian Fund MS. and
the " — Darneily," mentioned by Joseph Huntert as
being minister in Kendal in 1691, would probably be
identical with William Dearneley, Dearniley, Dearnelly
or Dearmerley, who entered Frankland's Academy at
Attercliffe 27th June, 1687. He was, perhaps, a son or
near relation of Nicholas Dernely of Manchester. J
Mr. Dearneley was ordained at Knutsford in September,
1692, and was then minister at Ringway, Cheshire. § He
* Presbyterian Fund MS. now being edited by the Rev. A. Gordon.
fAdd. MSS., 24484, fo. 232.
% Newcome's Autobiography, pp. 224, 304, 305.
§ Tong's M. Henry, p. 189.
232 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
had, before 24th May, 1692, been selected to succeed
Mr. Robert Moseley at Ringway, and the appointment
was discussed by the Cheshire associated ministers, but
there is in their resolutions no suggestion that Dearneley
was then at Kendal, although it is apparent that a prior
engagement with " the Manchester class " prevented
him going to Ringway as soon as Moseley desired to
leave.* Dearneley continued with the Ringway congre-
gation imtil his death, 28th May, 1701.
Dearneley's ministry at Kendal was a very short one.
He may have been elected in 1689, though 1690 is the
more likely date, and he seems to have severed his con-
nection with Kendal before beginning his negotiations
with the Ringway congregation early in 1692.
On 15th January, 1691-2, the house of James Garnett,
called Moss Side in Crosthwaite, was licensed for Frank-
land to preach in.f This would suggest that Frankland
was intending to return to Westmorland but he never
did so permanently.
In July, 1692, Jolly visited Milnthorpe and Kendal.
He says
In my journey to Milthrop I had some good experience of
divine assistance there and also at Kendall, where the wound
seemed to bee healed, but alas it . . . again, neither the
way of god being taken by that people nor the work being deep
enough, some further endeavours were used, oh that they may bee
blessed ! J
Later in the same year, in November, he was again
in the county.
My retireing in the gth m. [1692] was upon the occasion of my
housekeepers extreme illness. ... I had more than ordinary
excercise in this journey to Milthrop, not only that I was soe
harrased with the storminess of the season, but as to the very
dangerous case I left my housekeeper in, and the divided discord
* Christian Reformer, 1852, p. 298.
t Westmorland County Records. Kendal Order Book, 1669-1696.
% Note Book, p. 113.
MR. DEARNELEY TO MR. THORNELEY, 169O-I7OO. 233
and condition I found the people of Kendall in, but the Lord
helpt through all, leaving them and finding her somewhat better
at my return.*
Jolly now fails us, and as he did not die until some
years later, we may assume that even he tired at last
of the discord of the Kendal people.
For a few years darkness envelopes the history of
Kendal Nonconformity.
The Kendal Society for the promotion of morality was
started in 1692. This was one of a large number of
societies founded about that time, and both Churchmen
and Dissenters gave them their hearty assistance. The
members of the Kendal Society bound themselves to
abstain from drunkenness, lewdness, profane swearing,
and neglect of the Lord's day, and to strive to practise
and promote the contrary virtues. f
In September, 1694, the town was visited by an eminent
Presbyterian, Ralph Thoresby, F.R.S., but in this, as
in a previous visit in September, 1681, he names neither
chapel nor congregation. J On his way to Kendal he
had visited Richard Frankland at Rathmell, and later
on in the same journey mentions the minister at White-
haven and other Dissenters with whom he came into
contact.
Philip, Lord Wharton, who had long been a pillar of
strength to the northern Nonconformists, died on 4th
February, 1695-6. During his lifetime Lord Wharton
had begun the distribution of Bibles and other books
to poor children, in 1692 he assigned to trustees a
property of about 470 acres at Synethwaite, or Sinning-
thwaite, the rents and profits of which were to be ex-
pended for the purposes of this charity, and in 1693 he
signed some very elaborate " Instructions " to the
* Note Book, p. 114.
■f- Fleming Papers, p. 328.
J Diary, i., 107, 266.
234 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
trustees. The objects of the charity so founded were
primarily the distribution of copies of the Bible, Shorter
Catechism, Alleine's " Sure Guide to Heaven," and
Lye's " Principles of the Christian Religion," and at the
distribution of Bibles there were to be ten sermons
preached at specified places, some annually and others
in turns. Carlisle, Cockermouth and Kendal were to take
turns every third year and the preacher received ten shil-
lings, and twenty Bibles were to be distributed annually
at Kendal. It was a distinctly Nonconformist charity,
and in its early days the Bibles were distributed to the
children by Nonconformist ministers, but within a
hundred years of its foundation the charity had been
diverted from its original purpose and had become
an appanage of the Church of England, and so continued
for another hundred years. In 1898 a new scheme
was approved by which the charity was in part applied
to its original object.*
On 13th January, 1698-9, two dissenting meeting houses
were licensed at the Sessions held at Kendal, f One
was the house of Thomas Ellerey in Applethwaite and
the other the house of John Hind in Stainton.
This may perhaps be the beginning of the Stainton
congregation, but the fact that there were several licensed
places in Kendal and its neighbourhood does not neces-
sarily imply that they were intended for as many separate
congregations. In his " Vindication of the Surey
Demoniack " (p. 38), Thomas Jolly explains the motive
for licensing several places in the district where his work
lay, and the same reasons would apply to Kendal and
district : —
It's true, we have several Places besides my Chappel certified,
yet some of them are only for our more private Days of Prayer ;
* The Good Lord Wharton, by Bryan Dale, M.A., 1901. Mr. Dale had been
largely instrumental in preventing the further misappropriation of the charity,
and was one of the Nonconformist trustees appointed under the new scheme.
t Kendal Indictment Book, 1692-1724.
MR. DEARNELEY TO MR. THORNELEY, 169O-I7OO. 235
but they all belong to the same People, disposed as aforesaid,
and the most of what I have from them all, is but about 12I
per An. out of which I maintain an Assistant also, to supply on
the one hand, when I am at a more remote distance on the
other : Yet do we ordinarily all meet at our Chappel. Now
let Mr. T [Zachary Taylor] himself judg, where are the Pluralities,
and Worldly Interests.
That Kendal, Crook and Stainton were closely associated
is, we think, shown by the passage in Richard Frankland's
will (dated 27th September, 1698), which makes pro-
vision for " upon the first Lords [day] in May yearly two
wise sermons of wise sober and vertuous learned men,
one at Stainton Kendall or Crooke and the other at
Attercliffe or Rathmell . . . and for every -sermon
the preacher to have 6s. 8d."
In 1699 the Kendal congregation seems first to have
been assisted by the Presbyterian Fund. In that year
£4 los., being the grant for nine months, was paid,, but
no minister is named.* This item appears in the list
of grants, but there being no minutes of meetings about
this time we do not know the circumstances under which
the grant originated. The next list of allowances,!
25th December, 1699, to 25th December, 1700, gives us
the name of a minister, and is the only evidence we have
of this minister : —
" To Mr. Thorneley of Kendall 06 00 00."
Mr. Thorneley does not occur again as of Kendal,
but in the list of allowances for the next year is a six
months' grant to Mr. Thornley, minister at Chipping
Norton. Despite the variation in the spelling of the name,
which indeed in later grants is often spelled Thorley,
there can be little doubt that Mr. Thorneley of Kendal
removed to Chipping Norton where, as Mr. John Thorley
* Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 35.
t Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 41.
236 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
or Thornley, he appears to have remained for nearly
sixty years. The last grant to him by the Presbyterian
Fund was on 5th March, 1759, when he was allowed an
extraordinary supply oi £^*
Of Thorneley's earlier career nothing is known. He
may be the person referred to in a minute of the Congre-
gational Fund Board, 19th October, 1696, " Ordered
that Mr. Mather be desired to write to Mr. Jollie to know
wither Mr. Thorlie be Congregationall." Presumably
the occasion of the minute was a request for a grant
from the Fund.j The ordination in 1697 of a " Mr.
Thornley " is recorded in the Altham and Wymondhouses
Church Book, J and if these two items refer to our minister
it is probable that he was, in his early days, inclined to
Congregationalism. In later life he was presumably a
Presbyterian.
Two addresses, presented by the Corporation in 1701
and 1702, show that that body was still very loyal, but
the scholarly and learned touch of earlier addresses is
lacking. In the first address presented to William III.
the Corporation " do with all humility crave leave
gratefully to acknowledge the Preservation of our
Established Religion, Laws and Liberties, to be (next
under the Providence of Almighty God) entirely owing
to Your Majesty's sacred Person," and offer their services
in defence of the King against all opposers.§ The second
address was one of condolence on the death of King
William and congratulation to Queen Anne on her
accession. || Again the Establishment was in the thoughts
of the Mayor and Corporation. " We are so well assured
of Your Majesties great concern for, and tender care of,
our established Church and Government, that we can't
* Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 96, v. 155.
t Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., v. 146.
% Jolly's Note Book, p. 140.
§ London Gazette, October 2o-23rd, 1701.
II London Gazette, April 9- 13th, 1702.
MR. DEARNELEY TO MR. THORNELEY, 169O-17OO. 237
but think ourselves extremely happy, in the fair Prospect
we have of the welfare of both." The address has a
tame conclusion, for the Kendal Corporation merely
offered " our constant Loyalty and Obedience." Appleby
was more expansive, for the address from that borough*
contained a promise that " We will sacrifice our lives
and fortunes ... in supporting the Crown in the
Protestant Line, and the pure and unspotted Church of
England as by Law Established."
* London Gazette, May ii-i4th, 1702.
238
XXII.
William Pendlebury, 1701-1706.
THE next Kendal minister of whom there is any record
was William Pendlebury, who is described as of
Kendal at the date of his ordination in 1702.
Pendlebury was the son of James Pendlebury,* yeoman,
of Turton, Lancashire. Judging by his will, which was
proved at Chester in 1695, James Pendlebury was not
wealthy. To two sons he left one shilling each, they
having no doubt received their portions, to one married
daughter he left 20s., to two others 30s. each, and to the
only unmarried daughter £5. The legacy to William is
* William Pendlebury is usually stated to have been the son of Henry
Pendlebury, M.A., one of the ejected ministers of 1662, a man of distinguished
piety and learning and author of a number of theological works. This is
the parentage ascribed to him by C. Wicksteed {Lectures on the memory of the
just, 1847) and other authorities, and the Dictionary of National Biography,
in its notice of Henry Pendlebur}-, states that he was father of William. Our
doubts on the point were raised by Thoresby's passing remark (Ducatus
Leodiensis, App. p. 33) that Henry Pendlebury was " kinsman " of William.
Thoresby was a personal friend of William Pendlebury, and must have known
something of his friend's parentage. He was also a careful genealogist, and
it is scarcely likely that a genealogist would refer to a father by so vague a
term as " kinsman." Calamy also, who had a fondness for recording the
ministerial sons of the confessors of 1662, does not mention any son of Henry.
To settle the point we tried to see the will of Henr}' Pendlebury which was
proved at Chester in 1695. The will was not to be found, though a paper
which formerly covered it is in the Probate Registry. There is, however,
as we discovered subsequently in the Raines MSS. (xvi., 390), an abstract
of the missing will, which names no children and appoints Sarah, wife of the
testator, executrix. The widow, Sarah Pendlebury, made her will i8th
November, 1713. It shows that she resided at Walmersley in the parish of
Btiry. It is evidently the will of a childless widow, for, after providing for
the payment of her debts, the testatrix leaves all her property to Henry
Holt, a boy who was then living with her, with a provision that it was to go
to the boy's uncles if her executors were not satisfied with the boy's conduct.
This provision resulted in a lawsuit some years later. Mrs. Sarah Pendlebury
died 6th February, 171 3-4, and her gravestone is in Bury churchyard. At
Chester we found the will of James Pendlebury who lived at Turton, and had
a wife Ann and a son William. We know from the Nonconformist Register
(p. 62) that the mother of Mr. Pendlebury of Leeds, the " Widw. Pendlebury
near Turton in Lancr," died 18th November, 171 3, and from the Bolton
parish register we learn that on the 20th of the same month " .-^nn Pendlebury
of Turton, widdow " was buried. The identification seems complete. It is
a curious circumstance that on the very day that the widow, .\nn Pendlebury,
of Turton, died the widow, Sarah Pendlebury, of Walmersley, made her will.
WILLIAM PENDLEBURY, I7OI-I706. 239
as follows : " Item I give to my son William Pendlebury
the benefit of the field called the little hie field during
the terme of his mother's life and all the remainder of
my goods whether quick or dead after those legacies be
discharged." Nothing was left to the widow, so pre-
sumably she was otherwise provided for, and she was
sole executrix. James Pendlebury signed his will by
mark, so that he was either illiterate or too ill to write.
The valuation of his personal property was £59 17s. 9d.
The date of Pendlebury' s birth* and the place of his
early education are unknown. There is no hint in his
father's will that he was intended for a learned profession,
but on 17th January, i697[-8], he became a pupil of
Mr. Frankland at the Rathmell Academy. He had not
been there a year when the great tutor died, and on 6th
April, 1699, Pendlebury entered the academy in Man-
chester, conducted by John Chorlton, one of the ministers
of Cross Street Chapel. It is suggested! that he com-
pleted his education in Scotland and had the degree of
M.A., but this is very doubtful. J
Pendlebury settled at Kendal in 1701, and on 5th
January, 1701-2, the managers of the Presbyterian
Fund " agreed that Mr. Pemblebery of Kendall's allow-
ance be augmented from £6 to ;^io per annum." They
had at the same meeting agreed that " Ustenton and
Crooke nere Kendall 3 miles distance each, in Westmore-
land have two ministers and so lessen the allowance of
Kendall from £24 per annum to £17." § Ustenton appears
* His baptism is not in the registers of Bury, Bolton or Roclidale.
t By Niglitingale (Lancashire Nonconformity, i., 281) and others.
I The title page of Pendlebury's only book does not mention a degree, nor
does his name occur in any of the printed lists of graduates of the universities
of Scotland. Mr. J. Maitland Anderson has kindly examined for us the
manuscript graduation rolls of St. Andrews and has not found the name.
As ail the Scotch lists are very incomplete the absence of Pendlebury's name
does not prove that he was not a graduate. The probability is, however,
that he has been confused with his son of the same name who was iNLA. of
Glasgow.
§ Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., loi.
240 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
to be Stainton, but no grant seems to have been made to
that congregation.
On i6th June, 1702, Pendlebury was ordained, the
ceremony not being, as in several contemporary instances,
deferred until several years after the actual beginning of
the ministry. Matthew Henry describes the ordination :^*
The 1 6th day was a day of fasting and prayer, and imposition
of hands in a very great congregation at Warrington, where, I
trust, God was with us of a truth. The ordained were Mr. Rice
Pruthero, of Braggington in Montgomeryshire, Mr. James
Whittel, of Lee, in Lancashire, Mr. John Heywood of Blackley,
in Lancashire, Mr. Reynald Tetlaw, of Tinsel [Tintwistle] in
Cheshire, Mr. Jonathan Harvey, of Chester ; Mr. James Lawton
of Liverpool ; Mr. Nicholas Waterhouse of Ringhay and Mr.
William Pendlebury, of Kendal, in Westmoreland. The ordainers
were Mr. Risley, Mr. John Crompton, Mr. Eaton, Mr. Ainsworth,
Mr. Jones, Mr. Aldred and myself [Matthew Henry]. I prayed,
Mr. Jones preached from 2 Cor. xii. 15 . . . I took the
confession and vows, and Mr. Risley concluded with a serious
exhortation.
Pendlebury left one enduring memorial of his ministry
at Kendal, for it was he who began the register of bap-
tisms, but of his other work here there is no record.
His name continues in the list of grants from the Presby-
terian Fund until 1707. In the list for 1708, under
Kendal, his name again appears, but against it is written
" removed to Leeds. "f Although he is named in the
Westmorland list for 1707, it is certain that Pendlebury
had, on 4th April, 1706, become minister of Mill Hill
Chapel, Leeds.:]:
* Tong's M. Henry, p. 191 ; Williams's Memoirs of M. Henry, p. 143.
■j- Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 109, 131, 147, 160, 174, 190.
% Wicksteed gives the year as 1708, but Mr. E. Basil Lupton, who is writing
a history of Mill Hill Chapel, informs us that the Rev. George Eyre Evans of
Aberystwyth, has ascertained the correct date from the chapel register now
at Somerset House. The year 1706 is confirmed by a reference to Pendlebury
in the preface to T. Whitaker's Sermons, where he is stated to have " liv'd
in the same town with him [Whitaker] the last four years." As Whitaker
died in November, 1710, it would be 1706 when Pendlebury went to Leeds,
and he was certainly there before 24th June in that year, when one of his
children was buried at St. John's Church {Leeds Parish Register, Thoresby
Society).
WILLIAM PENDLEBURY, I7OI-I706. 24I
Pendlebury is mentioned occasionally in the Noncon-
formist Register and in Thoresby's Diary. One of
Thoresby's references is interesting as showing Pendle-
bury to be favourable to an attempt to enforce attendance
at a place of worship on Sunday : — *
1708 Nov. 7. This day was published in the church, an order
(dated the last sessions, wherein our pious Recorder was chiefly-
concerned,) for the more effectual restraining prophaneness
upon the Lord's-Day and whereas many pretend liberty of
conscience to exempt them from attendance upon the public,
and yet attend the worship of God in no place, but consume
their time either in idleness or debauchery ; the laws provided
in those cases shall be fully put in execution against them. It
was likewise, as my dear wife informs me, published at the
chapel, and Mr. Pendlebury blessed God publicly for putting
it into the hearts of the magistrates, and enforced it with a
very strict charge upon his hearers, as to their servants, &c.t
In 1709 Pendlebury's name occurs amongst those of
the ministers of the gospel " in the county of Lancaster "
who signed the ordination certificate of James Milne, :j:
minister of Walmsley Chapel.
Thoresby, though no longer a Dissenter, continued
for many years on friendly terms with the minister at
Mill Hill Chapel, of which he was one of the owners.
In 1713 he records a visit to Pendlebury, who then
lived at Little Woodhouse, about a mile from Leeds.
In 1720 Thoresby borrowed Dr. Niewentyt's Religious
Philosopher from Mr. Pendlebury, and in the following
year finished reading the book and returned it to its
owner. Early in 1722 Thoresby decided to sell his share
in the Leeds Chapel, and on January loth
* Wicksteed regarded this as some evidence that Pendlebury had had a
Scotch education, but rigid Sabbatarianism and compulsory church atfendance
were not confined to the Scotch. The law of England was at that time, and
probably still is, that every person must attend his parish church every Sunday.
The Toleration Act only gave liberty to choose a place of worship, but it did
not authorize complete abstention from public worship.
t Thoresby's Diary, ii., 11.
{ Nightingale's Lancashire Nonconformity, iii., 50.
R
242 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Walked to Mr. Pendlebury's about disposing of my part of the
chapel, which he highly resented, called it persecution, and re-
flected unworthily upon the founders, which I could not bear,
that they should be at so great a charge for an ungrateful genera-
tion, many of whom are vastly rich, yet affirm, (as Mr. Ibbetson
did to Mr. Hall, who has brought Mrs. H's part) that he will
rather spend 500I. in law than give lol. or 20I. to purchase a
part. Mr. P's passion moved my mind, but I restrained myself,
and the worst I said was that his expressions were very indiscreet
and ungrateful.
Mr. Pendlebury's wrath continued for some con-
siderable time, and the last glimpse we get of him from
Thoresby is on 4th June, 1722, when the diarist records
that he " wrote till eleven, after fretting at a letter from
Mr. Pendlebury, full of acrimony."*
Pendlebury collected or presented £5 towards the
fund raised for the erection of the chapel, which his
old congregation at Kendal built in 1720.
In 1726 Pendlebury published his only book, 7 of
which the title follows : —
The
practical influences
of the
speculative doctrine
of
Christianity
demonstrated.
In a Discourse upon i Tim. vi. 3
Last Clause.
By W. Pendlebury
Theologia est Scientia affectiva practica.
London :
Printed for Eman. Matthews, at the
Bible in Pater-noster Row ; and
John Swale, Bookseller in Leeds.
M.D. CC. XXVL
(12° pp. 24. 191)
* Thoresby's Diary, ii., 191, 304, 311, 335, 341.
t The book is now very scarce. There is a copy in Dr. Williams's Library
irom which our extracts are taken.
WILLIAM PENDLEBURY, I7OI-I706. 243
The preface contains little of biographical interest, but
as showing his standpoint is perhaps worth quoting : —
That Revelation of the Mind and Will of God which is contain'd
in the four Gospels; and the other Books of the New Testament,
ought to be esteem'd a more valuable Treasure than any thing
in this World, and to be dearer to us than our Lives : Inasmuch
as it gives us the fullest and most satisficing Account of the
Nature of true Happiness, and contains in it the most certain
and infallible Directions to obtain it.
The Source of all the natural and moral Evil, which we find
by Experience in the World, is evidently discours'd in the sacred
Books, beyond any thing that was taught Mankind in other
Writings. And the only Way for guilty Sinners to approach
the Throne of the Heavenly Majesty, who is justly displeased
with them, and to regain his Favour (which they forfeited and
lost by their Apostacy) is therein fully disclos'd.
This, we are told, is thro' a Mediator, who is therein describ'd
as to his Nature, Offices, Performances and glorious Acquisitions.
Therein we are acquainted what he has done and suffer'd and
what he has obtain'd for us, which is as much as we want or
can desire ; the Forgiveness of our Sins, and a never ending
Happiness, consisting in the full Enjoyment of God in Heaven ;
And likewise the Terms of our Acceptance, and Conditions of
our Title, thro' the Mediator, to the purchased Benefits, are
clearly unfolded to us. Since then the Gospel makes these great
and useful Discoveries to us, it cannot but be very shocking to
every sincere Believer, to see it so openly attack'd from so many
different Quarters, and that by men, who, as far as we know,
have been train'd up in some Reverence for it. To see Men
conquering the Prejudices of Education in Favour of Christianity,
looks as if they had met with some convincing Demonstrations,
sufficient to overthrow all the Proofs which have yet been alledg'd
for the Support of it.
But when they have spoke out all that they have to say in
Defence of their Infidelity, it amounts to no more but the Pretence
of some seeming Contradictions, Repugnancies to Reason, as
they think, in the Mysteries of Religion, and some imaginary
Absurdities in the Scriptures : All which is owing to their over-
magnifying of humane Reason, as if it were the Standard of all
Truth ; or to their ignorance of the Language, Phraseology, and
Customs of those Times and People, which are referr'd to in the
sacred Writings ; or to the Rashness and Precipitancy of the
244 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Men themselves, who will not be at the necessary Pains to find
out Truth, or free themselves from some Difficulties which attend
it, which might be done by close and serious Enquiries.
That this is the Case of the late Abettors of the Cause of
Infidelity, will appear from the unhappy Author of the Oracles
of Reason, and of divers others, who have expos'd their crude
and ill-digested Sentiments to the World : From a serious
Perusal of whose Writings we may easily observe, that 'tis not
close Thinking and impartial Reasoning, join'd with true
Learning, but a Narrowness of Mind, which disposeth Men to
consider a few Things, join'd with a certain Hardiness and
Obstinacy of Temper, which has made them Infidels.
Pendlebury commends the works of several apologists
of his day, refers to the " culpable Neglect of Jewish
Learning," and to the Boyle Lectures.
So that the Argument (one would think) by this time should be
almost exhausted, and the Dispute at an end. Yet we find
Infidelity still prevails amongst us, as much as ever. And tho'
it be a baffled Cause, it resumes new Life, and is as bold and daring,
as if it had the strongest Reasons, and the best Arguments in
the World to support it.
This naturally puts us upon Enquiry into the Cause and
Reasons of the Growth of Infidelity : And the only one which
I shall mention at this Time, is the too general Decay of serious,
practical Christianity amongst us. This disposeth Men to
Infidelity. While the Principles of reveal'd Religion have little
Practical Influence upon ^lens Hearts and Lives, they are prone
to suspect the Truth of the Revelation it self : The Prevalence
of Corruption within renders them disaffected to it, and indisposeth
them for receiving the Evidences of it.
The Natural Tendency of the Speculative Doctrines of
Christianity, to promote true Holiness and Piety in the World
is, what I have endeavour'd to make out in the following Sheets.
The substance of what I here offer to the World, was deliver' d
towards the Close of the last Year, in several Sermons to the
Congregation, to which I statedly minister : And I now expose
what I before preach' d to more publick View, not out of an
Opinion which I have of any extraordinary Management of my
Design, but because the Design itself is good : And I'm per-
s waded many will think so, who perhaps may see little Reason
to value the Performances.
WILLIAM PENDLEBURY, I7OI-I706. 245
I have been as little troublesome to the World as most Men,
during the Time of the late Paperwar, in which I perceiv'd all
Hands were at work. I was there content to be silent, and
let others speak their Sense. I hope then the World will
be so good-natur'd, as to suffer this small Practical Essay
to pass quietly along, which pretends to justle no one, but
the Unbeliever, nor give them the least Disturbance. I
have no Inclination to spend the rest of my Days in Contro-
versy ; I would rather be an instrument to proselite one Soul
to the Faith and Obedience of our Lord Jesus Christ, than be
famous for wrangling. 'Tis the Explaining (as far as may be)
the Defending, and Applying the main Principles of Christianity,
in which all serious and knowing Christians are agreed, which
is that delightful, pleasant Work, I desire to spend the Remains
of my Life in.
Finally, let us [my Brethren in the Ministry and all my Fellow-
Christians, both of the Established Church, and out of it] receive
the Truths of Religion, as they are plainly taught in the Holy
Scriptures, and be less fond on one Hand or other of Hypotheses,
or Ways of explaining them. As for my own Part, I have
endeavour'd to keep as close as I could to the Scriptures in
the following Account of the Doctrines. And tho' we must make
Use of our own Reason, and Judgment in all these Cases, yet I
urge nothing upon the Faith of Christians, but what shall appear
to them, upon an impartial weighing of Matters, to be the true
Sense and Interpretation of them.
Leeds, Sept. the W. Pendlebury.
29th, 1725.
The heads of the chapters show, sufficiently, the scope
of the work : —
I. The Text mention'd explain'd and divided, and the Method
of Treating upon it laid down. II. Of the Doctrine of the
Trinity in Unity. III. Of the Word's being made Flesh, or the
Incarnation of the Son of God. IV. Of Christ's Sufferings for
our Sin. V. Of Christ's Resurrection from the Dead. VI. Of
Christ's Ascension into Heaven. VII. Of Christ's Intercession
for us, at the Right-hand of God. VIII. Of the Future Judgment.
VIIL* Of the Office and Work of the Holy Spirit. IX. Of the
Mystical Union between Christ and Believers, &c. X. Of the
Communion of Saints. XL Of Justification. XII. Of the
246 THE OLDER NO^XONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Resurrection of the Body. XIII. Of Eternal Life. The Con-
clusion. A short Discourse upon 2 Epis. of John v. 9. by Way
of Appendix.
The text of the discourses is i Timothy, vi., 3, " The
Doctrine according to Godliness," and in a footnote the
author says " Any Man that will carefully consider the
original Text, will, I think, concur with me in the Trans-
lation which I have given of it, tho' something different
from the present English Version now in Use." Pendle-
bury's emendation of the Authorized Version's rendering
" the doctrine which is according to godliness," has not
been adopted by the Revisers. Pendlebury believed in
" the necessity of Faith in Christ or of a firm Belief of
the Principles of reveal' d Religion, to make Men truly
good." He says : —
My purpose is only to represent to you the Doctrine of our Salva-
tion, in the several. Branches of it, as it was undertaken and
accomplish' d by Jesus Christ ; and this only so far as it is clearly
revealed to us in the Writings of the New Testament, studying
to avoid being Wise above what is written. And in the Account
which I shall give of these Principles, I shall keep as close as
possibly I can to the Language of the Holy Scriptures, endeavour-
ing to give you the plain and obvious Sense of them, without
having recourse to Scholastick Terms, or Hypotheses of Mens
devising.
Pendlebury's view of the Trinity was strictly orthodox
and Calvinistic.
Pendlebury appears to have continued minister of
Mill Hill until his death,* which occurred at Bath on
23rd September, 1729. He was buried at St. Michael's
in that city on the 25th. f
Dickenson thus estimates the character of his friend,
* He has, however, been thought to have retured shortly before his death,
but in the None. Reg. (p. 304) he is described as minister, not late minister of
Mill Hill.
t Genealogist, n.s., x., 107.
WILLIAM PENDLEBURY, 170I-I706. 247
" A worthy useful man, a great loss to his family, con-
gregation and the church of God."*
Pendlebury's wih has not been found either at York
or at Somerset House, and no portrait of him is known
to be in existence.!
Pendlebury was twice married. His first wife was
Mary, second daughter of Ralph Worsley, of Piatt,
gentleman. J She was a grand-daughter of Major-General
Charles Worsley of Piatt, first M.P. for Manchester.
Wihiam Brownsword, vicar of Kendal, was also a con-
nection of this family. Mrs. Pendlebury died 12th Novem-
ber, 1710, aged 38, and was buried in the cemetery of
St. John's Church, Leeds. A copy of the inscription
there is given by Thoresby. The burial, 15th November,
is recorded in the Leeds parish register. His second wife
was Anne, daughter of Thomas Fenton, of Leeds, a
pronounced Nonconformist at whose house at Hunslet
dissenting meetings were held during the time of the
persecution. The marriage took place 8th April, 1713,
and by it Pendlebury became connected with the
Ibbetsons and other leading Nonconformist families in
Leeds. She died 2nd July, 1755, aged 59, and was buried
at Coley Chapel, Northowram.§ He had issue by his
first wife : —
1. Mary, died 22nd June, 1706, aged 11 days. Buried
at St. John's, Leeds.
2. Henry, born 29th August, 1708, died i6th July,
1712. Buried 17th July, " beginning in small pox."|| In
the Leeds parish register the name is given as Thomas.
* None. Reg., p. 304.
t Mr. T. W. Hand, City Librarian of Leeds, informs us that the fine extra
illustrated copy of Thoresby now in the Leeds Public Library contains no
portrait of Pendlebury. There is, we are informed by the Rev. John McDowell,
no memorial of him at Bath.
X Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis. Ed. by Whitaker, 1816, p. 33. The
marriage does not appear in the Manchester or the Didsbury registers.
§ None. Reg. gives in the editor's introduction (p. xii.) the inscription on
her gravestone which was then (1881) near an adjoining cottage.
II None. Reg., p. 258. His age is given as 54 (an obvious error) in Thoresby.
248 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
3. Deborah, died ist January, i7[o9-]io, aged 12 weeks.
Buried at St. John's. Burial 2nd January, recorded in
Leeds parish register.
By the second wife : —
4. Wilham, born nth August, 1714. M.A. Glasgow,
1735. Librarian of Dr. Williams's Library and after-
wards minister at Rotherham. He subsequently conformed
and became Rector of Burythorpe-cum-Acklam, and
died 22nd February, 1776. He was author of several
pamphlets.
5. Mary, born 26th June, 1717, married 24th June,
1755, to the Rev. John Houghton, whose name occurs
in a later chapter, and died 29th March, 1790, at Norwich,
aged 72.*
6. Anne, born i6th June, 1719, married at Leeds
26th February, 1744-5, Benjamin Dickenson, f of Ellen
Royd, near Halifax (son of the Rev. Thomas Dickenson,
minister of Northowram and successor in his congregation
and his Nonconformist Register of Oliver Heywood),
and died 2nd May, 1778, in her 6oth year. Buried at
Northowram. j Her husband died i6th February, 1798.
After Pendlebury there is another break in the recorded
ministers at Kendal. There are no entries in the register
of baptisms in 1707 and 1708. From this we may perhaps
conclude that there was no settled minister. Li 1709 the
number baptized was rather more than usual, so that we
shall probably not be wrong in giving that year as the
beginning of Audland's ministry. Li the interval between
1706 and 1709 we have no record of the congregation, and
its chapel was too insignificant to be noticed by Beeverell
in his account of Kendal published in 1707. §
* None. Reg., p. 337.
t None. Reg., pp. 232, 336.
J None. Reg., p. 337.
§ J. Beeverell's Delices de la Grande Brctagne, ii., 279.
249
XXIII.
Samuel Audland, 1709-1714.
AUDLAND was the son of David Audland of Preston.*
His ancestors had been burgesses of that town for
several generations, his grandfather, Wihiam Audland,
shoemaker, having been admitted a burgess in 1642.
William's son David was enrolled an in-burgess in 1662,
and was sworn 17th March, 1673.1 At the Guild of
1702 David was dead, and his son Samuel, described as
of Manchester, was enrolled an in-burgess. The Guild
Rolls and Samuel Audland's will both prove that Joseph
Smith, I the Quaker bibliographer, was wrong in supposing
Samuel to be the " rebellious son " of Anne Audland,
the Quakeress. It appears from Thomas Camm's Lying
tongue reproved, that the writer was uncle to Samuel
Audland. It is possible that Audland's mother was a
Camm, but more probable that the relationship arose
from Camm having married the widow of John Audland,
who was presumably brother to Samuel Audland's father.
In September, 1698, he seems to have been living in the
neighbourhood of Rivington or Chorley, for on the 15th
of that month he transcribed a sermon preached at
Rivington, only a week earlier, on the occasion of the
death of Samuel Crane of Chorley. § It is not unlikely
that he was studying with John Walker, of Rivington,
the preacher of the sermon. A few months later, on
* Preston Guild Roll, 1702 (MS. in Town Hall, Preston).
t Abram's Preston Guild Rolls (Record Soc).
t Catalogue of Friends' Books, i., 146. The assumed relationship with
Anne Audland is probably Smith's reason for classing Samuel Audland amongst
the Friends who " issued works which were generally considered unsound' or
adverse to the Principles of the Society." Bibliotheca Anti-Quakeristica,
P- 457-
§ Abram's Memorials of an old Preston family, pp. 5, 6. Audland's copy
of the sermon was still in existence in 1877.
250 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
i6th March, 1698-9,* he entered the Academy at Man-
chester conducted by John Chorlton. Wihiam Pendlebury,
his predecessor at Kendal, was a fehow-student at Man- .
Chester. From 1700 he would also be under James
Coningham, who joined Chorlton in that year.
As we have seen, he was still at Manchester in 1702
when the Preston Guild occurred.
There are several things which point to Audland having
been an Independent. He had no bursary from the
Presbyterian Fund, he was related to John Audland,
who was an Independent minister before he joined the
Friends, and he succeeded Anthony Sleigh, M.A., at
Penruddock. On the other hand, his absence from the
Fund list may have been due to him not needing its
help, and the Penruddock congregation, whatever it may
have been originally, was, by 1706, Presbyterian. 7
It would be shortly after Anthony Sleigh's death, in
June, 1702, that Audland became minister at Pen-
ruddock, :|: where he took part in a somewhat bitter
controversy arising out of Henry Winder's case.
During the Commonwealth Henry Winder had been a
member of the congregation at Greystoke, then under
Dr. Gilpin. Afterwards he was a Friend and was a
prominent man amongst them. About 1665 he left the
Quakers and rejoined Dr. Gilpin's congregation. The
Quakers are said to have resented Winder's withdrawal
from their Society.
In 1673 it was " revealed " to a female Friend that
Winder had, many years before, murdered one of his
own children. Two other Quakers also had similar
revelations. They brought the matter before a magis-
trate who undertook that Winder should appear at the
* Heywood's Diaries, ii., i6.
t Camm's Truth Prevailing, p. 31.
X Some of the facts about Audland have been kindly supplied by the Rev.
Alexander Gordon, M.A., and others have been obtained from the Rev. J.
H. Colligan's paper on Penruddock [Cunib. and West. Antiq. and ArchcBol.
Society, n.s., v.).
SAMUEL AUDLAND, I709-I714. 25 1
Assizes. The Friends could not prosecute, and though
they foretold some supernatural confirmation of their
story when Winder came before the judge, nothmg
happened, and there being no case Winder went away
without trial. He proceeded against the Friends for
slander, and his subsequent proceedings show little of
the Christian spirit of forgiveness.
In a very leisurely way these accusations gave rise to
a most interesting pamphlet warfare which began twenty-
two years after the " trial."*
The controversy, so far as it is in print, appears to ha\'e
been commenced by Winder in this pamphlet : —
The Spirit of Quakerism, and the danger of their divine revelation
laid open : in a faithful narrative of their malicious prosecution
of Henry Winder, and his wife, as murtherers, at the Publick
assize at Carlisle. By Henry Winder. With suitable reflections
on the said narrative : containing several other instances of their
pretended revelations, &c. 1696.
To Winder, Camm replied with :— -
An old Apostate justly exposed, his treachery to the Holy God,
his Truth and People manifested, his great wickedness and
uncleanness (which, by false covers, he has endeavoured to hide),
laid open, to the shame of him, and all his abettors. In a short
answer, or some brief remarks upon a very scandalous book
lately published, stiled. The Spirit of Quakerism, and the Danger
of their Divine Revelation laid open : subscribed, Henry Winder.
Also the nameless publisher thereof, as justly reprehended for
his enmity and great malice, in abusing an innocent people,
by heaps of most gross lies, slanders, base insinuations aud [sic]
inferences, frothy and scurrilous scoffs and taunts ; so void of
Christianity, that probably no man, with a name, would undertake.
By Thomas Camm, 1698.
Camm gives in this pamphlet some details of a scandal
in Winder's past life, for which the Friends had disowned
* The full story, which reflects little credit on any of the parties concerned,
should be read in the pamphlets themselves, which are all in the excellent
Friends' Library, Devonshire House, Bishopsgate, London. A somewhat
one-sided account is given by Dr. Benson.
252 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
him. The scandal had no bearing on the charge of
murder.
Winder's rejoinder was appropriately entitled : —
A Penitent old Disciple vindicated from the impudent clamours
of Thomas Camm, in a book by him entituled, An old apostate
expos'd. Wherein, for their necessary conviction, the virulent
lying, forgery, deep hypocrisie, and self-contradiction of some
Quakers, is further laid open by Henry Winder. With the
Publisher's self-defence. 1699.
In this he acknowledges the truth of Camm's strictures
on his private life. For that sin he and his wife had
repented, and he reminds Camm that though they were
Quakers when the sin was committed, the Friends had
not cast them out " but we left you."
Seven years later Camm replied with : —
Truth prevailing with reason, against clamour and railing ; and
the hypocrisie and confusion of Henry Winder, Ann, his wife,
and their abettors, further discovered and laid open, in a brief
examination and detection of their confused, but malicious
book, stiled, A Penitent old Disciple vindicated, &c. subscribed
to by Henry Winder. With a further reprehension of his abusive
Publisher. By Tho. Camm. 1706.
Audland now entered the field with : —
The Spirit of Quakerism cloven-footed ; or, immutable matter
of fact. Containing, i. A summary account of Henry Winder's
Case, and of the measures concerted by some Quakers to take
away his Life, by Lying Visions, Revelations, Prophecies, &c.
II. A full Discovery of their forging Confessions, dating them many
years before they could be significant ; putting a Witness his
name to a Certificate without his knowledge, &c. In which
their Refuges are expos'd, with a variety of Remarks and Im-
provements never before Publish' d. In answer to Thomas
Camm's late Pamphlet, entitled Truth Prevailing. By Samuel
Audland. With a preface by Mr. [Thomas] Dixon.
** [Mottoes]
London : Printed for R. Burrough, and J. Baker, at the Sun
and Moon, near the Royal Exchange in Cornhill 1707 4to
8 sheets.
SAMUEL AUDLAND, I709-I714. 253
" A vile piece " is the Quaker bibliographer's comment,
and it is really a flippant and clever pamphlet. It is
dedicated to Andrew Huddlestone, Esq., and contains
a preface in which Dr. Dixon mentions " my Friend,
Mr. Audland." As an account of the Winder case, it is
good. As might be expected, it has a strong anti-Quaker
bias, but Audland treats the Friends more as objects
for ridicule than as serious disputants. Yet he evidently
leaned to the extraordinary theory of the identity of
Romanism and Quakerism which Brownsword and many
other early writers against the Friends had had. This is
suggested by his comparison : —
St. Francis was a kind of Wollen Draper at first. St. Fox was a
Cobler, as its commonly reported. Botli rose from Mechanical
Employments, to invade the Ministerial Office without Ordina-
tion."
He tells several stories disparaging the Friends, in-
cluding the " Peed Dalton of Shap " anecdote, he says
of the Friends that " they are rude and uncivil out of
a principle of conscience," and " Now every one knows,
that Quakers have a special talent at foul language
whenever they have a mind to exercise." He is particu-
larly scornful of Camm, his logic and his style : —
I won't stand playing at low game witli Thomas Cam, nor make
remarks on every foolish word that he says. (p. 24).
Is not this a most perpendicular consequence ? Henry Winder
owns himself a sinner, therefore says Tom Cam, he's a murtherer.
Hard measure. I am able upon thorough information to assure
Tom Cam, that all his Friends don't meet with such severe
treatment, (p. 28).
The first thing that discovers itself in this book [Truth pre-
vailing], is a most lamentable and dismal fear, lest Henry Winder
should have some design upon the government, in publishing
these books ; lest he should have a mind to get the Act of Tolera-
tion revok'd, and the months of the Penal Laws open'd once
more. And you must know, that this touches the whole Party
again, at a very sore place, because their Liberty of Conscience
lies at stake.
254 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Oh this great man, Henry Winder ! Little does this Dreaming
Generation think, what a stroak he has in the Government. I
hope, that when all our Books, relating to this weighty affair,
come to be translated into Foreign Languages for the universal
benefit of mankind, this man will be taken for no less, then one
of Her Majesties most Honourable Privy Counsellors.
But is this concern in Tom Cam, real or dissembled ? If
it be real, if he doth indeed fear the loss of our Liberty of Con-
science, why has not Tom Cam been more kind to his Party, to
support their sinking Liberties, (pp. 37, 38).
Thomas Cam, has been pretending to Logick Maxims and to
instruct this ignorant age about revelation. Sure this great
man was sent to adorn this century. But there's one thing
falls out somewhat unhappily, and its a rub in his way to the
highest pitch of honour ; the man han't yet learnt to write true
English ; every part of his book abounds with such false language,
as mechanicks and the careless common people usually speak.
I suppose the reason of this may be, that writing true EngUsh
is one of the vain customs of this world, to which the People
of Truth ought not to be conform'd. (p. 52).
To the suggestion that the accusing Friends were mad,
Audland says : —
I really think, that the Women were not mad. Indeed, I have
little to say about the matter, only they bought and sold, writ,
and talk'd, and look'd, and manag'd their houses, just as if they
had been in their senses ; nay, for ought I can hear, they did all
things just as if they had been in their wits ; excepting this one
particular, in the matter of Henry Winder. I would rather in
Charity, impute this one irregularity to the Wildness of the
Quaker-Principle, than to the absolute madness of the women,
(p. 41).
The old Dissenters had a way of looking for " judge-
ments " upon all with whom they were not in sympathy,
and Audland was not exempt from a weakness which is
observable in most of the older Nonconformist divines
and which their enemies put down to hypocrisy rather
than to a profound conviction that God was on their
side. He tells what happened to the accusers of the
still living, venerable Henry Winder : —
SAMUEL AUDLAND, I709-I714. 255
Upon the whole here I would observe, how it hath pleased Almighty
God in his most Holy Providence, to deal with the Three Women
who used to come a pouring out their dreadful Prophecies against
Henry Winder. The Three Women were all well to pass at that
time ; but one of 'em liv'd to see her self very Poor, and Died
in great Poverty and Misery. The Survivor is already Miserable,
and likely enough to be thrown upon the Charity of the Parish
before she dies. Nay, and these miseries are propagated to
some of their posterity. ...
But alas, half of mankind han't sense enough to be mad, when
they see themselves baffled ! (p. 54).
It was answered by Thomas Camm in the following : —
A Lying-Tongue Reproved : in some remarks upon a scandalous
Pamphlet lately published, stiled, Tlie Spirit of Quakerism Cloven-
footed, &-C. Subscribed by Samuel Audland, and a Preface by
Thomas Dixon. The False and Foul Charges of Forgery, &c,
detected, and the Quakers cleared thereof. By Thomas Camm.
London : Printed and sold by J. Sowle, in White-Hart-Court, in
Gracious-Street 1708 8vo. 2 sheets.
In spite of its title Camm's Lying tongue reproved is a
dignified and at times pathetic contribution to the con-
troversy. Camm was related to Audland and his nephew's
flippant manner and rudeness had evidently hurt the
older man much more than if they had come from a
stranger.
Who besides a confident young man, that regards neither repu-
tation nor religion would ever venture to draw such a sordid
conclusion in my name. (p. 12).
I must tell him, such bantering and wild rhetorick is very
scandalous in one pretending his coat, and bespeaks no Christianity
but bad morals, (p. 12).
It would be more to his repute to learn to forget the same,
and study for a more modest and religious way of writing without
banter, (p. 17).
I am now come to the Conclusion of S. A's book, and I think
he will be mistaken in what therein he says he expects, as well
as in his Chapters before, neither he, H. W. nor any of their
friends is sent to the bottomless Pit, nor treated with the names
he suggests ; no, I rather pray for your true and unfeigned
256 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Repentance, and that God might forgive you all your hard
speeches against the Innocent, as I bless God I can heartily do ;
all the hard names, undervaluing scoffing taunts and jears, I
rejoyce in as my crown, as being worthy to bear and suffer them
patiently for the sake of Holy Jesus my Saviour ; only shall
desire Samuel Audland, when he is most sober and serious, to
consider what Spirit it is that has so far transported him beyond
the bounds of common Civility to me-ward ; let him reflect
upon himself for the many Taunts, Scoffs and idle frothy romances
in his book ; con-der [sic for consider] what has incited him to
such an undertaking : Is it prejudice, or preferment, or to get
gain ? I am very sure it's not to promote Godliness amongst
men, (if it be his work) and if he has been imposed upon by
another for any base end, upon ingenuous confession, I pray
God again forgive him, I can freely. And further ; I pray
what is the reason that I am not now worthy of my common
name with him, much less unckle, which heretofore was common
with him ? And tell me wherein I have merited such Treatment,
or been either unkind or uncivil to him in any respect ? I have
entertained him kindly at my house. Is it any thing of
Christianity or good nature to grow rude and uncivil ? or will
such treatment have any good effect ? I say let him soberly
consider of these things for his reputes sake, being a young man ;
for I am as much his unckle as ever and a well-wisher to him, and
all men. (pp. 24, 25).
On March 14th, 1707-8, Audland preached, at Pen-
ruddock, a funeral sermon on John Noble, a venerable
deacon of that congregation. This was printed with the
following title : —
A sermon preach'd at the funeral of Mr. John Noble, of Pen-
ruddock, near Penrith in Cumberland, March the 14th, 170I.
By Samuel Audland. To which is added, a postscript concerning
the Deceased, by another Hand. London : Printed for John
Clark, at the Bible and Crown in the Old-Change. 1708. 8vo
pp. [ii]. 46.
It is a carefully arranged discourse on the certainty of
death and on the need of preparing for it. One sentence
may be quoted : —
You are not made for your selves alone ; your Business here
SAMUEL AUDLAND, 1709-I714. 257
is to help in making this World better ; and if the Age you live
in he not better for you, it will be worse.
Audland's sermon occupies 29 pages of the pamphlet,
the remaining pages being by " an other hand."
Audland seems to have settled in Kendal early in 1709,
for an April 14th of that year the baptisms begin again
after an interval of more than two years. Of his ministry
here we have no particulars, and the churchwardens in
their replies to the Archdeacon in 1710 do not help us.
They evidently knew that there was a Dissenting meeting
house in their parish, but " we do not know whether
such be licensed."*
The Chapel register shows that the sacrament was
administered regularly during Audland's time. The
meeting-house was in need of frequent repairs. In
October, 1709, the windows in the south end of the chapel
were repaired at a cost of 4s. lod., and later in the same
month 15s. lojd. was collected for repairs of the chapel.
In 171 1 James Warriner's man repaired the glass windows,
in 1712 the holes in the slate of the meeting-house were
mended, and in 1713 the meeting-house was rough-cast.
The cost of the last work is given thus : —
4 July 1 713 For a quarter and a half of sand and leading
it for rough casting the meeting House . . ..30
For lime for Rough-casting the Chappel, for water and
blending . . . . . . . . . . . . ••37
To Richard Robinson at the Rough casting of the Meeting
House 7 Aug. . . . . . . . . • . ..34
In January, 1714, seven new panes were put in the
chapel windows at a cost of 9d., and in October, 1714,
James Penington was paid is. for mending the pulpit.
Audland published nothing while at Kendal. The
minutes of the Presbyterian Fund show that the ahowance
of ;£io per annum granted to Pendlebury was continued
* Visitation Papers, Archdeaconry of Richmond.
258 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
to Audland, the first year in which his name occurs being
1709.* In June, 1713, he and two Cumberland ministers
had a grant of £5 each as an extraordinary supply, j
During or immediately before Audland's ministry one
of the great leaders of the Nonconformists, Dr. Edmund
Calamy, visited Kendal. This was in 1709, on Calamy's
return from a visit to Scotland. Unfortunately he
mentions neither Nonconformist minister nor congregation
in Kendal. His route was via Kendal, Lancaster, Preston
and Wigan to Manchester, where he preached in the
"spacious and fine chapel "J {i.e., Cross Street Chapel).
In Kendal Chapel there was formerly a folio Baxter
in several volumes with an inscription stamped on leather
stating that it was presented by Mr. Samuel Audland
"to be enjoyed by his successors in the ministry." §
This book is not now to be found, but it existed some
30 or 40 years ago. It is probably the book referred to
in the following item in the register " 1709/10 Paid for
carrying Mr. Baxter's Works from London 7s."
Audland died 24th October, 1714, and was buried
at the Parish Church. His win|| throws a httle light on
his personal history, and is abstracted below : —
15th October, 1714.
I Samuel Audland of Kirkby Kendale in co. Westmorland,
Clerk.
My body to be decently buried at the discretion of my executrix.
I give to my Kinsman Henry Audland of the parish of Preston
in the County Palatine of Lane. 2s. 6d.
I give my fullest manuscript about interpreting the Scripture,
to my Revd. Brother Mr. Thomas Dixon of Whitehaven, as
also my MS. entitled a short view.
None of these legacies to become due until one whole year
after my decease.
* Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 219, 225, 231.
t Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 243.
} Calamy's Historical Account of my own life, 2nd ed., 1830, ii., 220-1.
§ Information of tlie Rev. J. E. Odgers.
II Riclimond Wills : Kendal Deanery.
SAMUEL AUDLAND, 1709-1714. 259
The rest of my goods I give to my mother Sarah Audland in
Kirkby Kendale in co. Westmorland, widow, whom I make
sole executrix.
Witnesses : Josias Shew. Samuel Audland.
Agnes Baxter.
Ri: Chambers.
An inventory was taken 2nd November, 1714, by
Christopher Barrow, Thomas Strickland, Jonathan Bir-
kett and Richard Chambers, and showed an estate value
£228 5s. lod.
The executrix, Sarah iVudland of Kirkby Kendale
and Richard Chambers her surety, entered into a bond
in ;^5oo, dated 12th November, 1714, for the performance
of the will.
The will suggests that Audland was either unmarried
or a childless widower. His mother, Sarah Audland,
was at a later date a benefactor of the chapel, as was
his kinsman William Audland.*
In 1704 Lady Hewley of York had settled her estate
on trustees to apply the income for the benefit of Dis-
senting ministers in the northern counties, and she died
in 1710, when the trust became operative. The object
of her charity was practically the same as that of the
Presbyterian Fund, and one of her trustees was the Rev.
Richard Stretton, one of the leading managers of the
Presbyterian Fund.| In 1712 it was thought that Lady
Hewley's Trustees would be able, at once, to take over
the assistance of the congregations in the northern coun-
ties. The Minutes of the Presbyterian Fund, 2nd June,
1712,1 record that
Mr. Stretton moving that he will take off, the 5 Northern Counties,
Yorkshire, Northumberland, Cumb^, Westmorland and Durham
* The name remained in the Kendal district, tliough wliether its bearers
were of the same family as the minister is not Ivnown. The grandmother of
Mr. Titus Wilson was an Audland, being the aunt of Dr. Audland.
t James's Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, p. 228.
X Minutes, ii., 213.
26o THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
from the allowance formerly given them from the Fund amounting
in all to above ;^220 on Condition that some Further Allowances be
made in Leiw of them amounting to £\o-] and that the first half
year be pd at Midsom"^ next. Agreed that his proposal be thank-
fully-accepted of and ye first half yr of his additionall list be
paide as soone as ye Trustees of ye Charity Mr. Stretton refers
to, begin to pay the Ministers of those Northern Countes.
There was however some litigation with the next of
kin before the Hewley Trustees got to business, and this
may be the reason that in 1713 each of the Cumberland
and Westmorland grants from the Presbyterian Fund
was an " extraordinary " supply, the recipients being
informed that the grant was " not to be expected any
more."*
One of these grants was to " Mr. Wyght of Brampton
if his allowance from the Congregational Fund be dropt."
On 8th November, 1714, the ^lanagers of the Fund
appointed a committee, consisting of Dr. Edmund Calamy,
Mr. Gunstan, Mr. Martin and Mr. James Coning-
ham, to consider the state of the necessitous congregations
in Westmorland and Cumberland and to report to the
Board. t In the following month, 6th December, 1714,
the committee was enlarged by the addition of Rev.
Thomas Reynolds and the Rev. Samuel Wright. j The
committee presented its report on 7th March, 1714-5,
and it was agreed
That Ten pounds be allowd Mr. Dickenson of Carlisle, ten pounds
to Mr. Seddon of Penrith, ten pounds to Dr. Rigby of Cauthwaite
or Salkeld, eight pounds to Mr. Dodson of Penruddock, five pounds
to Mr. Michael Hope of Hudlescough, eight pounds to Mr. Wyght
of Brampton, eight pounds to Mr. Stewart of Bleynerhasset
and six pounds to Mr. Bourne of Crooke ... all
these payments to commence from ]\Iids'' last. That besides
these Allowances there be a farther allowance of six pounds
* Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 243.
t Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 265.
X Presbyterian Fund Jhnutes, ii., 266.
SAMUEL AUDLAND, I709-I714. 261
to Alston jVIoor and Wiredale in Cumberland united when pro-
vided of a minister to the satisfaction of this Board And ten pounds
to Kendal ... on the same condition. And that the case
of Rosendale ... be considered when they have a proper
minister.*
In this resolution there is no hint of the grants being
" extraordinary " and merely casual. Henceforward the
Fund made itself responsible for these congregations,
and left Lady Hewley's charity to its own devices.
After Audland's death the congregation were for nearly
two years without a minister. The grant from the
Presbyterian Fund, being a personal one to the minister,
ceased. The Managers, however, decided on 7th March,
1714-5, to make a grant of £10 to Kendal " when pro-
vided of a minister to the satisfaction of this Board."
In the following month (4th April, 1715) " Upon Mr.
Dickenson's| representation of the state of the people
of Kendal, that they not having a stated minister since
Mr. Audlands death but being at a great expence for
occasional assistance, need the allowance formerly
granted," it was " agreed that, that allowance of ten
pounds be continued to that Congregation to commence
from Midsummer last." J
We may assume that the congregation were looking for
a minister during the two years, and an item in the
Chapel register, 3rd October, 1714, " 2 post letters to
Warrington about Mr. Lawton 6d.," suggests that they
were then endeavouring to secure as their minister the
Rev. Joseph Lawton, who had probably then begun his
long ministry at Gateacre.
The next minister was Caleb Rotheram.
* Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 266, 270.
t Probably a slip of the pen for Dickson, i.e., Dr. Thos. Dixon of Whitehaven.
% Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii., 270, 271.
262
XXIV.
Was Kendal Chapel
" Originally Orthodox " ?
THE erection of the Chapel in the Market Place was
one of the first fruits of Dr. Rotheram's ministry.
The congregation meeting there is now Unitarian. The
question to be considered is whether it was or was not
" originally orthodox," as stated by the writer of the
Manchester Socinian Controversy. That writer did not
condescend to proof of the statement, nor was it to
be expected that he should, the book itself being merely
part of the attempt made in the first half of the
last century by Independents to obtain for the use of
their denomination the Unitarian chapels of Presby-
terian foundation.
The writer of the Manchester Socinian Controversy
assumed, as he was justified in doing, that all the old
chapels were " orthodox," but he had overlooked the
fact that Kendal Chapel is not strictly one of the earliest
Dissenting chapels, though it happens to be one of the
oldest now in use.
Kendal Chapel was erected in 1720, and it were rash
indeed to assume that a chapel built at that time of
theological unrest was necessarily " orthodox."
At that moment various tests of orthodoxy were being
insisted upon, with great vehemence, by the ultra-
orthodox, and yet the founders of Kendal Chapel imposed
no religious test on either minister or congregation. So
far as the earliest available documents prove, the original
" trustees " were legally not trustees but owners, and
it was not until many years after its erection that a trust
deed was made, and that contained no doctrinal test
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 263
for either minister or people. Besides the three or four
men in whose name the building was held there were
numerous others who had property in the pews and whose
money had enabled the chapel to be erected. Even if
there was no trust deed there must have been some
morally binding implied trust which would prevent
the owners of the building from over-riding the rights
of the others who had invested money in the building.
The documents describe the congregation as a Protes-
tant Dissenting Congregation of Presbyterians, and at
that time " Presbyterian " was the label affected by the
less orthodox section of the Dissenters, the Presbyterians
having taken the place of the Independents as the most
liberal of the dissenting sects. The Presbyterians had
not, as a body, formally departed from orthodoxy as
regards the Trinity, but they had abjured some of the
doctrines of the Westminster Assembly's Catechism, the
standard of faith for the orthodox Nonconformists.
That a chapel founded in 1720 had, as Kendal Chapel
had, an open trust is some evidence that its founders
did not belong to the ultra-orthodox. They belonged to
the non-subscribing school of Dissenters and were willing
to risk the consequences of freedom.
The argument from the " open trust " may be pushed
too far. In 1714 a portion of the congregation of Upper
Chapel, ShefQeld, withdrew and founded Nether Chapel
(now Congregational). The disruption appears to have
been due to divergent views on church government,
particularly as to whether the minister should be appointed
by the trustees or the congregation, but the real foundation
of the trouble was that the trustees and the majority of
the congregation wished to appoint a minister who was
not sufficiently Calvinistic for the minority. Yet when
this minority withdrew and founded its own chapel,
and when its earliest trust deed was drawn up in 1737,
the trust was an " open " one. The trust of 1S27 was
264 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
strongly Calvinistic, but it does not appear when the
trust ceased to be open.*
It does not follow that all the congregation were
" non-subscribers," and indeed it is almost certain that
it contained some who were not, but the believers in
tests must have been in a minority, else why were there
no tests ? We may also be certain that Rotheram, the
minister for whom the chapel was built, would be on the
side of freedom from tests. He was from an Academy
at which were educated several of the most unorthodox
ministers of their generation, men, too, who were
Rotheram's intimate friends through life.
It may be suggested that an open trust merely meant
that unorthodoxy was so rare that no special provisions
were needed to guard against it. Whatever validity
this argument may have in reference to the oldest Non-
conformist chapels, it has not any in the case of a com-
paratively late foundation like Kendal. When that
chapel was built the doctrine of the Trinity was being
discussed on all sides.
The orthodox doctrine of the Trinity was, it is now
generally recognized, not a doctrine of the earliest
Christian church, but was evolved by theologians of the
first few centuries. In its early years the doctrine had
a hard fight for recognition. After adopting the Trinity
the Church prevented, as far as it could, all expression
of anti-trinitarianism. Nevertheless, there arose from
time to time heretics who, in preference to the Trinity,
worshipped the same one God that Jesus did. When
this happened the heretic was dealt with in so summary
a manner as to make heresy distinctly unpopular.
With the Reformation a fresh interest was taken in
theology, and discussion was prevalent. But the doctrine
of the Trinity was still one not to be discussed freely.
Those who took the heterodox side had to meet irrefutable
* Manning's Upper Chapel, Sheffield, pp. 54-57.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 265
arguments in the shape of miprisonment or burning to
death. On the Continent Servetus and the elder and
younger Socinus were perhaps the most powerful leaders
of the heterodox party, and in Poland and Transylvania
Unitarianism gained ground. Servetus was burned for
his heresy by John Calvin. In England there were in
the sixteenth century no great exponents of Unitarianism
but a few humble seekers after truth were burned at the
stake, and a few others were forced to recant their
heresies. And then the heresy appeared to be extirpated.
It was only appearance, for during the Civil War Socinian-
ism was rampant. In 1643 Francis Cheynell published a
pamphlet on
The rise, growth and danger of Socinianisme. Together with a
plaine discovery of a desperate designe of corrupting the Protestant
Religion, whereby it appears that the Rehgion which hatli been
so violently contended for (by the Archbishop of Canterbury
and his adherents) is not the true pure Protestant Religion,
but an Hotchpotch of Arminianisme, Socinianisme and Popery.
It is likewise made evident, that the Atheists, Anabaptists, and
Sectaries so much complained of, have been raised or encouraged
by the doctrines and practises of the Arminian, Socinian and
Popish Party.
Cheynell was a Calvinist and regarded Calvinism as
the " true pure Protestant Religion." His pamphlet is
interesting evidence that Socinianism had made progress
in England, and he refers to some earlier publications in
which Socinianism had been advocated.
In 1644 John Biddle, who is regarded as the father
of English Unitarianism, began the work which was to
lead him to prison, and in spite of persecution anti-
trinitarianism spread.
One need only look in Thomas Edwards's Gangrcsna,
published in 1646, to see that anti-trinitarianism was
rife at that time. Making ah allowance for Edwards's
very hearty dislike of the Independents and of the
dangerous claim they made for liberty of conscience,
266 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
it is evident that the anti-trinitarian heresy was by
no means unknown in the Independent and Baptist
churches at that time.
We have those who overthrow the Doctrine of the Trinity,
oppose the Divinity of Christ, speak evill of the Virgin Mary,
sleight the Apostles.*
Should any man seven yeers ago have said that of many in
England, (which now all men see) that many of the Professors
and people in England shall be Arrians, Anti-Trinitarians, Anti-
Scripturists, nay, blaspheme, deride the Scriptures, give over
all prayer, hearing Sermons, and other holy duties, be for Tolera-
tion of all Religions, Popery, Blasphemy, Atheism, it would have
been said. It cannot be : And the persons who now are fain,
would have said as Hazael, Are we dogs that we should do such
things ? and yet we see it is so ; And what may we thank for
this, but liberty, impunity, and want of Government ? f
Those two damnable Errors of denying the Doctrine of the
Trinity, and Divinity of Christ (if there had been no more) which
have been openly and publikely maintained by some, and are
held by many, were as just a cause for fasting and liumiliation,
as the Israelites golden Calf 4
To Edwards, of course, the Socinian heresy was con-
fined to the Independents and Anabaptists, but the
study of Socinian writers was not hmited to those sects.
In 1648 we find Ralph Josselin, a Presbyterian, reading
" Smalcius the Socinian, against the incarnation of
Christ," and being impressed by the " subtle witt " of
the author. §
In the same year (1648) an Ordinance for punishment
of blasphemy and heresy was passed by Parliament. ||
By this Ordinance recantation or death was the penalty of
such Persons as shall, from and after the date of this present
ordinance, willingly, by preaching, teaching, printing or writing.
* Gangrcsna, part i. Epistle dedicatory.
t Gangrcsna, 1646, pt. i., p. 58.
t Gangrcena, pt. i., p. 95.
§ R. Josselin's Diary, p. 62 (Camden, 3rd ser.]
II Lords' Journals, x., 239.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 267
maintain or publish that' there is no God ... or that the
Father is not God, tlie Son is not God, or that the Holy Ghost
is not God, or that they three are not one Eternal God ; or that
shall in like manner maintain and pubhsh, that Christ is not
God equal with the Father, or shall deny the Manhood of Christ,
or that the Godhead and Manhood of Christ are several natures,
or that the Humanity of Christ is pure and unspotted of all
sin ; or that shall maintain and publish, as aforesaid, that Christ
did not die, nor rise from the Dead, nor is ascended into Heaven
bodily, or that shall deny His Death is meritorious in the Behalf
of Believers ; or that shall maintain and pubhsh as aforesaid,
that Jesus Christ is not the Son of God ; or that the Holy Scripture
. . . is not the word of God ; or that the Bodies of men shall
not rise again after they are dead ; or that there is no Day of
Judgement after Death.
By the same Ordinance imprisonment was the penahy
of quite a number of other offences against orthodox
rehgion. The intention of the whole was to strengthen
Presbyterian Calvinism.
It would have been quite unnecessary for such an
Ordinance to have been made had the heresies against
which it was directed not been so common as to be a
serious danger to orthodox religion.
No one suffered the death penalty under this Ordinance,
but it was only through the intervention of Cromwell
that Biddle did not become a martyr. The Ordinance
ceased to have any validity at the Restoration.
In the early days of the Friends their orthodoxy was
very justly suspected, and we have already mentioned
that a Friend horrified his neighbours in Kendal by
preaching the simple humanity of Christ.*
In 1662 Biddle was indicted at common law and
imprisoned pending the payment of a fine. He died in
prison. In 1668 William Penn published his Sandy
foundation shaken, a Socinian book. He was imprisoned
for it, and in later editions the heretical portion was
modified.
* Ante^ p. 34.
268 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
In Spite of persecution there were, in 1676, three
meetings of Socinians in London, one being held in the
house of Mrs. Stutsky, a Polander, another at a hnen-
draper's in Coleman Street, and a third in Bell Alley in
the same street.*
One of John Biddle's converts, Thomas Firmin, caused
the issue of a number of Unitarian tracts. Their publi-
cation began in 1690 and continued for several years.
A great controversy resulted, some of the most dis-
tinguished of English theologians taking part in it.
Richard Frankland's little treatise was a contribution
to this controversy.
In 1695 the King issued " Directions for preserving
of unity in the Church," with the object of putting an
end to the discussion of the doctrine of the Trinity, a
doctrine which had been more damaged by its friends
than its enemies.
In the same year a Dissenter, anonymous, but known
to be John Chorlton, one of Frankland's scholars, pub-
lished Notes upon the Lord Bishop of Salishtuy's Four
last discourses to the Clergy of his Diocess, in which he
attributes the growth of Socinianism to the " Church-
mens over- valuing the Rational way of Preaching," by
which " they have conjured up the Evil Spirit of
Socinianism, which," he prophetically adds, " will
exercise all their skill to get down again."
In 1697 a young man named Aikenhead was hanged
in Scotland for Unitarianism. If the ministers had
interceded for him he would probably have been spared,
but, as a lawyer of the time says, " the ministers out of
a pious, though I think ignorant zeal, spoke and preached
for cutting him off." In England a law was passed in
the following year making it an offence to deny any one
of the persons of the Holy Trinity to be God. Various
civil disabilities followed conviction, and on a second
* Hist. MSS. Comm., nth Rep. App. 7, pp. 17, 18.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 269
offence imprisonment for three years was added. This
Act, after being practically a dead letter for over a century,
was repealed in 1813.
Despite discussion of the Trinity, there can be no
doubt that up to the end of the seventeenth century
the Presbyterian Dissenters were practically untouched
by Unitarian arguments, but they recognized how much
the Church of England was impregnated with Socinianism,
as we may see in the controversy between Thomas Gipps,
Rector of Bury, and James Owen, Minister of Oswestry.
While denying some of the imputations of the minister,
Gipps sneers at the evidently notorious Calvinism of
Frankland's pupils, while Owen* says " I do not know
any one Congregation of Dissenters that wou'd tolerate
a Socinian in their Communion." There is no reason
to doubt the truth of this remark of Owen's, but the
leaven was working, and after the next great controversy,
that in which Whiston and Clarke took the heterodox
side, the Presbyterians were in pretty much the same
position as the Church of England had been a few years
earlier. Their ablest ministers and best congregations
were squaring, as best they could, opinions they actually
held with opinions embodied in the creeds, the standards
of faith.
About the end of the seventeenth century Thomas
Emlyn of Dublin was converted to a form of Unitarianism
by the perusal of the works of strenuous defenders of
the doctrine of the Trinity. He published a book giving
his views of the person of Christ, and in 1702, having
been found guilty of denying the Trinity, was fined
;^iooo and sentenced to remain in gaol until the fine
was paid. He was in prison for two years. On his
release, being still unconvinced of his error, Emlyn
assisted Whiston and Clarke in the Trinitarian con-
troversy. Whiston was a Churchman, who, being driven
* A further vindication, 1699, p. 5.
270 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
out of the Church for heresy, became a General Baptist.
Samuel Clarke managed to explain his heresy without
retracting it and remained in the Church. Their works
gave rise to a famous controversy.
How extensively " heresies " had permeated the
Dissenting Chapels may be gathered from this extract
from a sermon on the general corruptions and defection
of the present times, published in 1714 by John Cum-
mings, M.A., Minister of the Gospel at Cambridge.
But some seem resolv'd to cast off all Reveal'd Religion, rather
than honour God with their Understandings, by submitting
their beloved Ideas* (for that's the charming Word) to his Revela-
tion. Hence, the Age swarms with False Teachers and Seducers,
who openly (for they are grown so impudent) bring in Damnable
Heresies — and inany follow their pernicious Ways, by reason of
whom the Truth is evil spoken of.
Socinianism and Arianis^n threaten to lay the Ax to the
Root of Christianity : Not only the Arminian Errors, but even
the vile Texts of Pelagius are the only Notions now in Vogue.
The Doctrines of Election and Predestination, of Original Sin,
the Depravation of Man's Nature, the Satisfaction of Christ,
Justification by Imputed Righteousness, the Work and Office
of the Spirit, in Regeneration and Sanctification ; the necessity
of Predestinating Grace, Man's Disability to Convert himself,
the Perseverance of the Saints, and other great Truths of the
Gospel, that are founded upon, or flow from These, are not only
generally exploded as Irrational ; and that by those who sub-
scribe ex animo to the XXXIX Articles, as Articles of Faith, in
which all these Points are either expressly asserted, or plainly
included, and the opposite Principles condemned. These Men
deal with their Subscriptions, as some Men are said to do with
their Oaths to the Government, they swear against Principle,
and to make amends for their Perjury, act in direct Contradiction
to their Oaths.
We wonder how many people there are to-day who
could take Mr. Cummings' catalogue of doctrines as
essentials of Christianity !
'■'■ The italics are in the original.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 27I
About the same time there was complaint of a general
neglect of creeds amongst the Dissenters. The Rev.
Joseph Crompton, one of Frankland's pupils, had about
1718 joined the Church of England after having been
a Presbyterian minister for some years. In the account
of his conversion he gives an interesting description of
the method of public worship amongst the Dissenters,
and, assuming that his statements are accurate, it is
not surprising that strict Calvinism was no longer the
rule in the Dissenting churches, which had ceased to
use the Assembly's Catechism and had no other creed
to replace it. Crompton's account* includes the following
passages : —
The use of Book-Prayers and Responses were indeed new things
to me ; there being no visible forms, nor so much as an Amen to
be heard in our Congregations, as utter'd by the people . . . (p. 37)
In the time of the Civil Wars ... a Directory for publick
Worship was establish'd, directing to the matter and order.
But not so much as that is now received amongst the Dissenters.
The Presbyterian Ministers at the Savoy-Conference say, " We
wou'd avoid both the extreme, that wou'd have no Forms ;
and the contrary extreme, that wou'd have nothing but Forms."
And yet the Dissenters have been in the former of these extremes
ever since, almost threescore years, and seem to be fixed to it.
The said Ministers proposed, a new Liturgy of their own
But neither that, nor any other was, or is used amongst the
Dissenters ... (p. 43).
The reading of the holy Scriptures is neglected more or less
in their congregations almost universally. That Prayer which
our blessed Lord himself made, cannot be admitted at all among
some, and but inconstantly amongst others. No Creed or Pro-
fession of Faith is used, except at the administration of Baptism ;
and why it should not be a part of ordinary publick worship,
I know not ; nor why the Ten Commandments are not also
made a part. These things are part of the reformed Liturgy,
(as it is call'd;) and whether the Dissenters, by the omission
of them, have carried the Reformation to a greater perfection
still, is, I think, not hard to be determined.
* Robert Marsden's Funeral sermon for Joseph Crompton, 1729.
272 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
One thing indeed they have much reformed viz the irreverent
carriage that was too common formerly in the congregations
of Dissenters ; as, sitting at prayer ; and men putting their
hats on at Sermon. But I wonder why kneehng at pubUck
prayers is so generally disused yet.
Mr. Boyse many years ago publickly recommended the more con-
stant reading of the Scriptures in our assemblies, but I understand
it hath been, and is generally neglected in London, and in some
other parts. And it is so, more or less, generally every where,
as far as I am acquainted : tho' I have heard several dissenting
ministers express their dislike of this, and wish this occasion
of objection against us were taken away : which might be done
without encroaching much upon the time desired for our own
Composures : and if these way a little to the holy Scriptures, I
think it would both do and be as well.
Tho' the way of praying used in our publick assemblies does
not admit the people to join at all in uttering their own desires,
(which I take to be a very great imperfection in our way ;) yet ;
methinks, they shou'd utter their Amen at the end. This the
Dissenters do not object against, but plead for ; yet in what
congregation of ours shall we hear it ?
But what I find the most fault with is, that the congregation's
prayers should wholly and always depend upon the direction,
ability, and temper of the Minister ; and that he should have
so much upon him, as the making of these, at the same time
that he is to use them, without any known prescribed matter
or form : and that there are no known rules for worship received
amongst them ; no certain terms, (but the general rules and
terms of Scripture, interpreted according to the discretion of
the Minister) upon which Christian people and their children
are admitted to the Sacraments (p. 46, 47).
Crompton must not be taken too literally. Whatever
may have been the practice in public worship, there can
be no doubt that the " Shorter Catechism " was well
known in Westmorland, where it was distributed broad-
cast by the Trustees of Philip, Lord W^harton.*
In 1717 another Unitarian controversy arose. Three
out of four Presbyterian ministers in Exeter were sus-
* In the Manchester Reference Library there is a copy of the " Sliorter
Catecliism " with " The gift of Philip late Lord Wharton deceased Distributed
by his Lordships Trustees 1720 " stamped upon it.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 273
pected of heresy. The committee of the churches there
appealed to the ministers to preach on the divinity of
Christ so that they could judge of the truth of the
suspicions. Peirce preached on the subject, but not
so explicitly as to satisfy the committee that he was
orthodox, and at a subsequent interview the managers
became convinced that he was unorthodox. In 1718
the Assembly of Devon and Cornwall resolved that each
minister present should declare his belief in the Doctrine
of the Trinity either in the words of the XXXIX Articles
or in those of the Westminster Catechism, or, if they
preferred, in words of their own. According to the
" orthodox " party it was the general sense of the
Assembly that there is but one living and true God,
and that Father, Son and Holy Ghost are one God. In
their declarations Peirce and Hallet, two of the suspected
ministers, gave their colleagues no reasons to suppose
them orthodox, and later were ejected from their places
for heresy. Meanwhile the trouble had spread to London,
the committee of the Three Denominations having been
asked to offer advice to the Exeter congregations.
Meetings were accordingly held in Salters' Hall on
February 19th and 24th, 1718-9. At the latter it was
moved that the advice should be accompanied by a
Declaration of the faith of the Assembly in the doctrine
of the Trinity, and the motion, after an excited debate,
was lost by four votes, 57 to 53, or, according to another
record, 73 to 69. This alarmed the orthodox, who very
naturahy saw in it proof that the ministers were not
sound in the faith, and on March 3rd a third meeting
was held, and a resolution was moved calling upon ah the
ministers to declare their faith in the doctrine of the
Trinity, and especially in the divinity of Christ. Dr.
Joshua Oldfield, the moderator, ruled that the motion
was irrelevant to the business under discussion, and
refused to put it to the vote. Whereupon sixty ministers
T
274 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
withdrew and formed a second assembly. The "sub-
scribers " or persons wilhng to subscribe their behef in
the Trinity were nearly all Congregationalists, and in-
cluded William Tong, one of Frankland's pupils. The
non-subscribers " were mostly Presbyterians, and
included Dr. John Evans, also one of Frankland's
pupils.
It is noteworthy that the non-subscribers disclaimed
sympathy with Arianism, and said that their orthodoxy
was not suspected. They gave as reasons for the course
they took that to have subscribed would have been to
take sides with one of the parties at Exeter ; that no
declaration in other words than those of Scripture could
serve the cause of peace and truth ; that the subscription
proposed was beyond that which was required by the
Toleration Act, and that it attributed undue importance
to the Assembly's Catechism ; that to have submitted
to the proposal would have been contrary to the principles
of Protestantism, and a surrender of Christian liberty ;
and, finally, that if such demands were complied with,
no one could tell where they would stop.
The occasion which gave rise to the Salters' Hall
meetings and the behaviour of the non-subscribers, con-
sidered together, are very suggestive of more unorthodoxy
than the non-subscribers would admit. It may be
mentioned that a reluctance to express a belief in the
nature of the Godhead in other than Scriptural terms
was a characteristic of all varieties of Unitarians through-
out the persecution period. The reason is obvious to
those who have searched the Scriptures for any definition
of the Trinity.
It may be suggested that this discussion, being in
the South of England, is no guide to the feeling amongst
Dissenters in remote Westmorland. There is however
sufficient evidence to show that even in the early years
of the eighteenth century there was communication
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 275
between different parts of the country, and that remote
Westmorland was not entirely cut off from London.
It happens, however, that we have evidence of theo-
logical strife in this county, and the facts are very per-
tinent to our enquiry. Controversy with the Quakers,
who denied some of the most cherished doctrines of the
Calvinists, was always going on in Westmorland, where
the Friends were very numerous.
These controversies must have familiarized everyone
who took any interest in theology with the strength and
weakness of orthodox doctrines. It is scarcely possible
for the doctrines in question to have been discussed
without changing some opinions. Without becoming
Quakers many people must have become aware, by the
arguments of the Friends, of the slight foundation on
which some of the orthodox doctrines had been built.
In. 1708 the Rev. John Atkinson, of Cockermouth,
previously of Crook, thought it necessary to reply to a
Quaker pamphlet, Absolute Predestination not Scriptural.
Atkinson's book, it is too large to be called a pamphlet,
as it occupies 158 pages, is entitled A discourse of election,
shewing the nature, the proof, the properties, the improve-
ment of election, to which is added, A vindication of this
doctrine of election.
In or shortly after 171 1 an incident occurred which
shows that some of the local ministers were narrowly
Calvinistic. Samuel Bourn was elected minister of
Crook and settled there in 171 1. " Here he first felt
the effects of an illguided and intolerant zeal for estab-
lished and prevailing systems ; For having declined,
from a regard to the principles of christian liberty, and
a consistent adherence to them, to subscribe the assem-
bly's catechism, then the received standard of orthodoxy
among the Dissenters, many of the ministers in the
neighbourhood refused to concur in his ordination.
This unfriendly and illiberal conduct, obviously tended
276 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
to fix a stigma on his character, and to raise prejudices
against him."* He was at this time a Trinitarian and
remained one until 1719 when, having read the books
pubhshed during the Trinitarian controversy, he became
an Arian. In the following year Bourn removed from
Crook.
In 1714 the Presbyterian congregation at Ravenstone-
dale elected a minister whose appointment was followed
by the secession of a portion of the congregation, " who,"
say Messrs. Dale and Crippen,f " were perhaps inclined
to Arianism which was about this time gaining favour
in many Presbyterian churches." The seceding party
had the help of Dr. Thomas Dixon, and in 1715 were
sufficiently strong to engage a minister of their own,
in the person of Caleb Rotheram, one of Dr. Dixon's
pupils.
The most interesting evidence of the spread of lati-
tudinarianism in these parts is afforded by the con-
troversy arising from a sermon preached in 1719 by
Joseph Dodson of Penruddock. The sermon was printed
under the title of Moderation and Charity. X
Dodson gives this account of its genesis : —
But here I think my self particularly obliged to give some Account
of the most prevailing Reasons which determin'd me to Preach,
and now to Publish the following Discourse ; which comes Abroad
so contrary to my first Intention.
When I was admitted to preach, as a Candidate for the Ministry,
I was, God knows, a rash, censorious, and ignorant Zealot ; had
high Conceits of my own Orthodoxy : and did not stick at con-
demning both Persons and Opinions, I had little, or no other
Acquaintance with, but what I had from the unkind and partial
Representations of Men ; for whom I entertain'd a very undue
Regard.
* Toulmin's Memoirs of Samuel Bourn.
t Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 3.
X " Moderation and Charity, recommended in a sermon preach'd at Keswick,
to the Associated Protestant Dissenting Ministers of Cumberland and West-
moreland. By Joseph Dodson, A.M. London : Printed for Eman. Matthews,
at the Bible in Pater-Noster-Row, 1720 (Price Six-pence)." 8vo. pp., viii., 36.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 277
But, I bless God, I was not long contented with an Implicit
Faith. I soon prevail'd with my self, to make some serious
Searches into the Nature of the Christian Religion : and to
study, with some Degree of Exactness, the principal Controversies
in Divinity, particularly those, which were manag'd with the
greatest Heat and Uncharitableness, and in which I, my self,
could not allow of any Sentiments different from my own, without
very hard Thoughts of the Persons who maintain'd them.
I soon very plainly discover' d that the genuine Spirit of true
Christianity, is a Spirit of Meekness and Love, a charitable and for-
bearing Spirit : and that this Spirit, attended with a Conduct suitable
to it, is every where recommended and enforc'd by the Gospel of Christ.
And, as to a great many of the most celebrated Controversies
in Divinity, I found, that even on that Side, which I apprehended
to be erroneous, a great many Things were urg'd, with such a
Degree of Plausibility, as might prevail in determining honest
and sincere Men to fall in with it.
When I had seriously considered these Things, and had also
made some proper Reflections, on the Frailty of Human Nature,
and the Prejudices of Education : I did not, in the least, doubt,
but that many, who differ'd from me, in the most controverted
Points, might be as sincere and honest in their Enquiries as my
self, and consequently be equally approv'd of, by an Omniscient
and Impartial God : And therefore, instead of pronouncing
Damnation against such, or so much as reviling or censuring
of them, I resolv'd, that I wou'd love them as Brethren, and
entertain as favourable Thoughts of them, as of those, whose
Notions happen'd to be agreeable to my own.
I was appointed, at a General Meeting of the Protestant
Dissenting Ministers of Cumberland and Westmoreland, in 171 8,
to be the Preacher at our next Meeting, April 1719 ; and, upon
this Occasion, I presently determin'd to prepare a Discourse in
Favour of Moderation and Charity, which had been my darling
Principles for some Years : As I had been mercifully deliver' d
from an Evil Spirit of Persecution, I gladly laid hold of the
Opportunity of discovering my Repentance, and of employing
my best Services, towards the strengthening of my Brethren.
Now as to the Reasons, which have occasion'd this Discourse
to be made publick, the Reader may take it thus.
A certain Reverend Brother, who, I hope, is a sincere and
honest Man, was greatly offended with the Sermon, and had the
Goodness to tell some of his Friends, that he had scarce Patience
to stay in the Place of Worship, till I had deliver'd it.
278 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
This presently took Air ; and some zealous, unknown Friend,
drew up a general, confus'd Charge against me, and transmitted
it to London, with a Design, as I have found Reason to apprehend,
to sink my Reputation with my Friends there. After some Time,
two* of the London Ministers wrote to the Gentleman who was
first offended with the Sermon, to desire of him a more full and
particular Account of this Matter.
Twas thenf he gave a free Vent to his Zeal against me, telling
them, that, as to the Business of Arianism, he believed all the
Ministers had the same Sentiments they always entertain'd,
unless the Preacher was gone into the New Scheme.
I now suffer under this Reproach, in common with a great
many of my worthy Brethren, in London, and elsewhere ; because
I, as well as they, declare against making any Human Forms
the Tests of Orthodoxy .
I hop'd that I had satisfy'd my Jealous Brother, as to my
Orthodoxy, with Respect to the true Divinity of our Blessed
Lord ; For when a Declaration of our Faith, as to this Particular,
was requir'd, I deliver'd my self in these Words ; / believe,
according to the Scriptures, that Christ made the World, and that
he who made the World is Eternal God. He publickly own'd
himself satisfy'd with this Declaration : But, alas ! Zealous
Orthodox Brethren find it to be no very easy Matter, to get rid
of their Suspicions of Heresy, when once thay have been possessed
by them.
Matters being thus represented at London, it was resolved
by some of my warm Brethren there that I shou'd not go un-
punish'd ; accordingly I am made to feel the Weight of the
malignant Influence of Protestant Popery : they are agreed, to
persecute me, to the utmost extent of their Power.
Blessed be God, the Secular Arm is not, and I hope never will,
be at their Service : But if they cannot Kill, they can beat
their Fellow Servant. Oh ! with what Zeal, have they labour'd
to wound my Reputation, in order to rob me of my Bread, where-
ever they had Hopes that their charitable Representations of
me might be of any Service this Way ! And it must be own'd,
that they have the Satisfaction, to see their kind Endeavours,
every where prove successful.
* Mr. Nesbit and Mr. Bradbury.
t This Reverend Brother has lately done me Justice, as to this Particular,
having giv'n it under his Hand, that he believes I have no other Faith con-
cerning the Holy Trinity, than what he has himself : This he had done, without
having receiv'd any New Proofs of my Orthodoxy.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 279
My Congregational Brethren, think me unworthy to receive
any further Supphes from their Fund ; And a valuable Gentleman,
from whom I have formerly received several Favours, has, of late,
neglected me, as I have too much Ground to suspect. Nay,
such has been their Zeal, in misrepresenting me, and so prevailing
has it prov'd, that even the Good-, the Charitable Mr. H—rl—y,
has thought fit to pass me by, in his last Distribution of, &c.
notwithstanding that he has had it under the Hands of my neigh-
bouring Brethren, that they believe me to be orthodox : and that
the only Reason why I refuse to submit to an humane Test, in
Matters of Faith, is the Fear of giving up my Liberty as a Christian,
as a Protestant, and as a Protestant Dissenter.
Endeavours have been us'd by some at London, to prejudice
my People against me, and cut off my Usefulness. At one
Time, it was mov'd to some of them, that they should made a
Declaration against the Antitrinitarian Doctrines : at another
Time, that they should manifest some Dislike of my Principles,
otherwise they could not expect any Thing from Pinners Hall Fund,
if ever I should leave 'em. And a certain Gentleman, to whom
I had wrote very freely, in my own Vindication, was so civil
to me, as to expose my Letter to a busy Zealot, and allow him
to transcribe it ; which, after it had undergone some material
Alterations, very much to my Disadvantage, was transmitted
to one of my Hearers, to be, by him, if judged proper, com-
municated to my People.
I cannot but observe from hence, that Nine or Ten Pounds
a Year, is not below my Adversaries Envy.
I am heartily sorry, that Men, who profess the greatest Zeal
against the Impositions of the Established Church, should appear
most forward in the Defence of Impositions upon their Dissenting
Brethren : and that they who have made the loudest Outcries
against Persecution, should take so much Pleasure in persecuting
those who differ from them ; and that they should be so obstin-
ately bent, in carrying on the fatal Design.
For my own Part, I cannot but think it incumbent upon me,
to appear in the Defence of my injured Reputation. And here,
I submit to the impartial Examination of every candid and
judicious Reader, what I delivered in the Hearing of my Brethren ;
and for which, I have suffered the Loss of every Thing, that my
mistaken Persecutors could deprive me of.
I have great Satisfaction in the Review of what I have done ;
and, with all my Soul, in this Publick Manner, contribute my
poor Assistance, toward the Support of the glorious Cause of
28o THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Christian Charity, and Christian Liberty : in the Defence of
which, there is, at this Day, so brave an Appearance, both in
the Established Church, and among the Dissenters.
Before I conclude this Preface, I cannot but observe, that
I had composed the following Discourse, some Time, before I
had any Notice of the unhappy Differences among the Ministers
at London.
The foregoing extracts are from the preface to Dodson's
work, but some extracts may also be given from the
sermon itself. Dodson points out that " those Truths,
both speculative and practical, wherein they universally
agree, are greatly superior in number, to those wherein
they differ," and his sermon throughout well illustrates
the standpoint of the latitudinarian ministers of his
and the succeeding generation. For this reason our
extracts are rather long : —
Fierce Contentions about Matters of Religion, eat out the very
Vitals of true Godliness ; and break in upon Christian Charity,
the most essential character, and distinguishing Badge of our
Holy Profession (p. i).
We may, we ought to, be Zealous in the Defence of Christian-
ity, and not suffer the Foundations thereof to be shaken, thro'
any Lukewarmness of ours; but still. Love, and Meekness,
and common Justice, which are due to all Mankind, should be
predominant ; and appear conspicuous in our whole Conduct,
towards erroneous Contenders ; their Errors, tho' great, will
by no Means justify factious Wrath, and unrighteous Calumny
(P- 3).
I desire that my Discourse may be chiefly apply'd to Dif-
ferences about the more difficult, abstruse, and doubtful Points
of Religion ; and to such as are of little Moment to the Church
of Christ, however determin'd (p. 4).
We must discover a moderate and gentle Disposition, by
studying more to find out Means and Terms of Peace, than
Matters of Quarrel, and Weapons of Contention (p. 6).
Tho' Mens Opinions ought to be charg'd with all the absurd
and evil Consequences which naturally flow from them, yet
Charity forbids us to charge those of our Brethren with them,
who may maintain the Principles from which they flow, if they
perceive not those Consequences, nor own and acknowledge.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 281
but disclaim and detest them. It is certainly the Height of
Uncharitableness, in such a Case as this, to tell them that they
prevaricate in such a Declaration ; and that they both see and
maintain the Consequences, tho' when they are charg'd Home
with the Absurdities thereof, for Decency's Sake, they disclaim
them (p 7).
Let Ministers, for Shame, give over censuring and reproaching
one another, on the Account of their different Apprehensions
of Things doubtful and unnecessary.
Let not any of us, who admire the Learning and Judgment
of Mr. Calvin, join with him in reproaching those who are of
a different Perswasion from him, in Matters of Religion ; let
us rather be concerned to find such an Allay to his great learning
and Piety, in the Reproaches* which he casts with so much
Bitterness, on those who durst oppose his celebrated Scheme
of Doctrines. How did this Great Man make too free with the
most Divine Laws of Charity ; and Moderation, when, in the
Face of the World, he called his Adversaries, Men void of Godli-
ness, impudent Impostors, filthy Doers, Confederates with wicked
Knaves, and devoted to the Interest of Satan ? (p. 9.)
I do not pretend to know what Truth there is in Grotius's
Remark, that for the most part, Men imitate the Manners of
those they have made Choice of for their Masters and Oracles, in
Matters of Opinion in Religion, but, I shou'd be sorry for the
Truth of what he is pleased to affirm, that whereas Melancthon's
Disciples are generally very mild and gentle : those of Calvin, on
the contrary, are Men of a rough and unfriendly Behaviour towards
those who differ from them in Matters of Religion.
We must discover a moderate and gentle Disposition, by
forbearing to rack the Consciences of one another with Sub-
scriptions to human Creeds. A Tyrannical inforcing our own
deify'd Phrases and Interpretations of God's sacred Word on the
Consciences of others, is no less than a setting up for Rabbies,
Fathers and Masters in Religion, and has been one of the chief
Fountains of the Schisms and Desolations of the Christian Church
(p. 12).
When Men set up their own fallible Interpretations for
Standards of Faith, by which they pretend we may and ought
* In a footnote Dodson states that he had " been charg'd with pouring
Contempt upon Calvin, and treating his Memory with Indecency and
Reproach." He defends himself from the charge, and expresses his high
opinion of Calvin's work and character, excepting his impatience with his
opponents.
282 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
to judge of Truth and Heresy, and oblige us to subscribe them
as the Word of God ; or which amounts to the same thing, as
containing the real and undoubted sense of his Word ; they
visibly detract from the Authority and Sufficiency of the holy
Scriptures, and lay unjust Restraints upon our Consciences.
But such is the Nature of a Zeal for Orthodoxy, that is not
according to Knowledge ; and such are the Effects of an usurp'd
Dominion over Mens Reason and Consciences, that if any stand
up for the Honour of the holy Scriptures, and plead that they
contain fully, and in clear and express Terms, whatever is of
Necessity to Salvation, to be known, believed, and practised ;
and insist upon their Liberty of subscribing these, and these
only, they are presently branded with Heresy, and set as a Mark
for the blind and ungovern'd Populace to vent their Fury upon
(P- 13)-
Would but Men consider, that Confessions of Faith, are
really no more than Declarations of the Faith of those that publish' d
them : that they are not so much Declarations what Men ought
to believe, as what they themselves, fallible both in their Opinions
and Interpretations, at present believe to be true ; they would
no more make use of them as spiritual Bonds, to tie up Mens
Consciences, Tongues and Pens, from varying from their Phrase-
ology or manner of treating of the deep Things of God.
And would they but also consider Ezekiel's Commination
against those that falsly say. Thus saith the Lord : they would
perhaps think it to be the safest Method to speak of the more
dark and doubtful Points of Religion, in the Language of the
Scriptures, rather than in that of fallible and partial Men ; and
to leave their Brethren at full Liberty to take the same Course
(pp. 13, 14).
What a Stir have some Men made, about Grace and Free-
will, and how liberal have they been of their Anathemas : and
yet, whoever will give themselves Leave to consider the Matter
carefully and impartially, will find there's an Unfathomable
Bddos in these Things, and be convinced that Men ought to be
very modest and moderate in every Thing respecting such high
and abstruse Points as these, . .
They, who will not own that there are great Difficulties in
Divinity, do but betray their own Ignorance and Unacquainted-
ness with the Writings of Divines, as well as with Holy Scriptures
(pp. 17, 18).
Most of the Points in Controversy, which are agitated with
so much Heat, and so little Charity, by the contending Parties,
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 283
are, if not dark in themselves, yet very much obscured by their
Logical Fallacies, and crabbed Metaphysical Distinctions :
whereby they have, in a great Measure, turned Men from the
Simplicity which is in Christ, and made it much more easy to
mistake the Truth, than find it (p. 19).
It is damnable, indeed, to deny Truths testify'd by God,
if we know that they are thus testify'd by him ; because this
is plainly to give him the Lie. But, if we deny a Divine Truth,
not believing that it is testify'd by God, such a Denial is by no
Means damnable, unless our not seeing it to be a Divine Truth,
is owing to a voluntary and avoidable Negligence (p. 25).
These Systems, Catechisms, and Creeds, are the Touch-Stones,
whereby they try the Truth and Falshood of Mens Opinions ;
and we may add, that they are the Standards, whereby the
several Parties interpret such Texts of Scripture, as are most
in Dispute, and on the Sense of which their Cause principally
depends ; thus making a Sort of Idols, of those Human Com-
posures, which might otherwise serve the Purposes of true Religion,
Men strive in Defence of them, at the Expence of Charity, and
even of common Justice. Would but Men, instead of borrowing
their Notions in Religion, from Systems, Catechisms, or Creeds,
which is the great Cause of such ungoverned Zeal in Defence
of them, study the Scriptures more, and from them learn their
Faith, there would, perhaps, be both less Difference in Opinion,
and less Heat and Uncharitableness on the Score of unavoidable
Differences.
Let us not be fond of a Party as such. 'Tis being zealous
Arminians, earnest Calvinists, rigid Lutherans, instead of con-
tenting our selves, with being plain and honest Christians, which
is one principal Cause of those Contentions and Animosities,
which are found among the celebrated Parties (pp. 28, 29).
Would Men be content with being call'd Christians, and would
they not divide uncharitably from their Brethren, who, in any
Point of Opinion or Practice, differ from them ; there would
of Necessity be more of Union, and more of mutual Forbearance
amongst them ; we should then hear less of Fines and Imprison-
ments, of Racks and Gibbets, of Cursing and Damning, on the
Account of Differences in Religion. Let us prefer Holiness in
our Brethren to Orthodoxy ; I mean, to what we our selves
esteem to be Orthodox, for no doubt every Sect is perfectly
Orthodox in its own Judgment (p. 30).
Though Dodson nowhere mentions the name it appears
284 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
that one of the objectors to Dodson's doctrine was the
Rev. John Atkinson of Stainton, who must not be con-
fused with his name-sake and contemporary, successively
of Crook and Cockermouth, who has already been men-
tioned in this chapter.
John Atkinson of Stainton replied to Dodson in a
pamphlet entitled Jesus Christ the Son, essentially the
same with God the Father*
Of the orthodoxy of John Atkinson there can be no
doubt, and it is possible that he could scent heresy where
none existed. But it is evident that he did not believe
that Dodson was " sound " in his Trinitarianism. Dodson
had declared his belief " according to the Scriptures,
that Christ made the World ; and that he who made
the World is Eternal God," on which Atkinson remarks :
This is a very uncertain Description of the Divinity of Christ,
and is no more than what the rankest Arian in the World may
say, upon their base and absurd Principles. One would think
that the Reverend Assembly of Ministers expected such a Declara-
tion from him, as would distinguish him from an Arian, or from
one, who denies Christ to be the one only true and most high
God ; but it is most evident this does not so : For who knows
in what Sense he takes those Scriptures that say Christ made the
World ? Whether in the Orthodox, or Arian sense ? Whether
Christ made the World as an Instrument only in the Hand of
God ; or as He who is the one only Creator of Heaven and
Earth ? Whether He is the same Independent Almighty
Creator, essentially considered, with God the Father, and God
* ' Jesus Christ the Son, Essentially the same with God the Father : And
Believers are sure that he is so. Prov'd and apply'd in two Sermons on
John vi., 69. Witli a preface, containing some brief remarks upon a sermon
and preface, published by the Reverend Mr. Joseph Dodson, A.M. By John
Atliinson, Minister of the Gospel at Stainton. Lond. 1722 " {12° pp., viii.,
42). Atkinson was author of two other contributions to the Trinitarian
controversy, viz., " An Answer to Mr. Benjamin Bennet's Irenicum : wlierein
the Doctrine of the Trinity is defended and the duty of believing it enforc'd
[&c., &c.]. By John Atlvinson, of Stainton, in Westmorland, tond. 1724 "
(12° pp., 48), and " The Father, the Word, or (Son) and the Holy Ghost, the
One True God : Together witli the Necessity of Believing it ; Prov'd and
apply'd, in two sermons, on i John, v. 7. With a dedication, plainly shewing
the unreasonableness, impiety, and dreadful effects, of Denying Christ to
be the Most High God. By John Atkinson, Minister of the Gospel at Stainton
in Westmorland. Lond. 1726 " (12° pp. xxvi. 36). There are copies of each
in the Jackson Library, Tullie House, Carlisle.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 285
the Holy Ghost ? The Arians, or New-scheme Men, explain
those Texts that attribute the Creation to Christ, of an Instru-
mental Cause ; and, they say, that Christ is such an Agent with
the Father in the Creation of the Universe, as is subordinate
both in Nature and Powers to him ; And so may this Author
mean, for any thing he has here said.
Atkinson was not satisfied with the first part of Dodson's
declaration, and as to the second part — " He who made
the World is Eternal God," he says : —
Now I cannot but wonder that this Piece of meer Equivocation,
of perfect Arian Cant, should satisfy any one of the Assembly
of Ministers, as he hints it did. But I am persuaded even that
one will declare the contrary.
Considering Atkinson's suspicions of Dodson's ortho-
doxy, it is to be expected that he would defend the
action of the Congregational Fund in withdrawing its
contribution to Dodson's congregation : —
Certainly he cannot imagine, if he be an Arian, or one who denies
Christ to be the most High God, that those who believe he is,
should allow him any thing towards his Maintenance as a
Minister.
We have given long extracts from Dodson's sermon,
not to prove that he was a Unitarian, for they do not
do that. What the sermon does prove is that in West-
morland, at almost the precise time of the foundation
of Kendal Chapel, doctrines were being preached which
were not " orthodox." At a time when the test of
orthodoxy was the Westminster Catechism with its
precise definitions of correct belief is a .minister preaching
against " creeds." At a time when the orthodox party
were insisting on a whole range of beliefs is a preacher
who puts beliefs on one side and inculcates " a spirit of
meekness and love . . . attended with a Conduct
suitable to it " as the essential part of Christianity.
We take Dodson to be typical of that section of Pro-
testant Dissenters which refused to submit to a human
28& THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
test in matters of faith and declined to give up its Christian
Hberty.
If we may follow the keen-sighted orthodox Atkinson
and believe that the non-subscribers were Arians, we have
as a corollary that the founders of Kendal Chapel were
Arians. This may have been so, but we do not know.
It is scarcely likely, however, that the founders of the
Kendal Chapel, though non-subscribing, and therefore to
some extent unorthodox, from the beginning, were entirely
Arian. The probability is that the congregation, believing
in freedom, laid more stress on points of agreement than
on points of disagreement, and in the hands of a tactful
minister such a congregation might well last forty years
without the inevitable fissure becoming too wide to be
bridged over. Orthodoxy was at a discount in the early
part of the eighteenth century, and it was not until
about the middle of the century that the Evangelical
Revival, originated in the Church of England by Wesley
and Whitefield, spread to the Dissenters and made it
no longer possible for controversial points to be ignored
by the ministers.
We have not, unfortunately, any definite information
as to the religious standpoint of Dr. Rotheram when he
was appointed minister of the congregation which, soon
afterwards, built Kendal Chapel. It is clear that he was
not in favour of subscriptions to creeds and tests. One
can scarcely conceive of a new chapel having an open
trust if that was not in accordance with the wishes of
the minister who would, there can be no doubt, be the
principal mover in the erection of the chapel. It is
probable that at Kendal there was repeated what
happened in Liverpool when Dr. Rotheram 's friend. Dr.
Winder, became minister at Castle Hey Chapel in 1718.
It is related that his
people were then (generally speaking) of very narrow sentiments ;
and seemed pretty much attached to certain human forms, and
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 287
systems of divinity ; which they were apt to look upon, as
standards of christian faith, and tests of orthodoxy.
Dr. Winder
took a great deal of pains to inlarge their minds, and to diffuse
among them the Christian spirit of candor, moderation, and
extensive charity. He shewed them the injustice of all imposi-
tions on the consciences of men : and that human authority,
in matters of religion, is ridiculous and absurd. Our Lord Jesus
Christ is sole lawgiver and king in His church. In the new
testament, are contained the doctrines, which he has reveled ;
and the laws, which he has injoined. And no one man, nor any
body of men, have any right to add thereto, or diminish there-
from : neither have they a right, authoritatively, to explane
the doctrines, or precepts of Christ ; and say, that ministers,
or people, are obliged to interpret, or understand, them, in this
or that sense, and in no other sense whatever. Upon these
principles. Dr. Winder earnestly exhorted his people to stand
fast in the liberty, wherewith Christ had made them free ; and
no more to be intangled with any yoke of bondage whatever.
He did not desire to be lord of their faith : but the helper of their
joy. And, therefore, he recommended it to them, to see with
their own eyes ; like the noble Beroeans, to search the scriptures
daily : that they might see whether things were just so, as they
had been taught ; or had received, by tradition, from their
fallible forefathers.*
We shall not, perhaps, be doing an injustice to the
Presbyterian ministers of the eighteenth century if we
say that the bulk of them were more or less unorthodox
and that most of them had departed very far from the
dogmatic standpoint represented by the Westminster
Catechism, and that amongst other " heresies " to which
they were tending was Unitarianism, in one or other of
its forms. Many of them, however, either shrank from
giving prominence to their advanced ideas or thought
the controverted points of theology not really essential
parts of true Christianity. In their preaching they
* Dr Benson's Memoirs of Dr. Winder prefixed to Winder's History of
Knowledge. Dr. Benson would appear by liis orthography to have been a
spelling reformer.
288 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
avoided these controverted points preferring to dwell
rather on the truths of the religion taught by Christ than
on those points which only the ingenuity of a Calvin or
a Westminster Assembly could extract from the Bible.
Whether it was good policy to ignore rather than to
combat the doctrines of so called " evangelical "
Christianity is a question which we need not discuss,
but one unfortunate result of the practice actually
followed is that the historian is unable to give specific
dates for the steps taken by ministers and congregations
on the way from Calvinism to Unitarianism. But there
are remarkable instances of how possible it was in those
days to ignore controversy. John Brekell, who was
minister of Kaye Street Chapel, Liverpool, from 1728
to 1769, "passed with his people as an orthodox man;
and from an idea, then very prevalent among free-
thinking ministers, he conceived it his duty not to en-
danger his usefulness among them by shocking their
prejudices." His " congregation never distinctly under-
stood what his real sentiments were on doctrinal points,"
but his assistant " judged from his private conversation
that he was an Arian," while Dr. Enfield who had ex-
amined Brekell's papers was satisfied that he was a
Socinian.* A similar, though much later, instance is
that of the Rev. Timothy Nelson of Great Salkeld who
has been claimed as an upholder of evangelical principles,
though when Mr. Wright, the Unitarian missionary,
visited him, he found that Nelson was an anti-trinitarian.f
A dozen years or so after the building of Kendal Chapel,
Ravenstonedale had for its minister a Scotsman, James
Ritchie, who, before January, 1734, was ejected from
his meeting-house by the Trustees. Legal proceedings
* Monthly Repository, xvii., 24.
t We may say that the Rev. J. Hay Colligan, M.A., to whom we mentioned
Mr. Wright's remarks, has had the opportunity of examining many papers
by and relating to Mr. Nelson, and is of opinion that " there would be no
difficulty in proving Nelson's orthodoxy."
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 289
followed, and eventually, some years later, Ritchie won
his suit. The excuse of the Trustees was that Ritchie
had not " duly quahfied himself to officiate in the con-
gregation by subscribing the Confession of Faith made
in 1647, and agreeing to the doctrine of Calvin, so that
they could not in conscience take the Lord's Supper at
his hands." After a year of Ritchie's ministry they called
another minister, and in January, 1734, when Ritchie
" applied to the Presbytery at Kendal for ordination,
seven of the trustees wrote to the members of the Presby-
tery refusing to have him ordained." The law suit
continued until 1747, when the defendants were ordered
to pay Ritchie's costs.*
We cannot say if Ritchie's original heresies included
anti-trinitarianism, but in 1753 he was an Arian.f
In 1736 Thomas Ashburner of Kendal printed John
Sedgfield's Jehovah Tsidkenu : or, a discourse on that
glorious title of Jesus Christ, the Lord our Righteousness.
Orthodox itself, this pamphlet shows that orthodoxy was
not then the vogue. Sedgfield writes : —
I do not expect that in a time when revealed Religion is become
Matter of Contempt and Ridicule among many of the learned
Part of the World, that this Doctrine should be relished by them,
who will receive nothing for Truth but what is commensurate
to the Rules of Philosophy and Logick ; but tho' this Doctrine
of the Imputation of Christ's Righteousness to us, as well as
many other Doctrines in the Scripture, have nothing in them
contrary to, yet many things above the reach of, human Reason ;
and whether I have the applause of some, or reproach of others,
for publishing this Discourse, I hope none of these things shall
move me.
To bring this record down to the time when the local
* One of the defendants was the " Rev. Mr. Milner," but he does not come
on the scene in the earlier years of the suit. It is almost certain that this
was the Rev. Ralph Millner or Milner, of Yarmouth, who was a native of Raven-
stonedale, and a pupil of Dr. Di.xon. In 1730 he was appointed minister at
Yarmouth, and shortly afterwards the orthodox members of that congregation
seceded and selected a minister more to their taste.
t Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 95.
tJ
290 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
ministers were practically all unorthodox, we find that
in 1767 the Associated Ministers of Cumberland and
Westmorland (The Cumberland Provincial) " though
professedly orthodox, were much more in sympathy
with latitudinarianism — if not downright heresy — than
with evangelical truth," with the result that when, in
April, 1767, the Congregational Church at Cockermouth,
which had an unordained minister, wished the sacraments
to be administered they " could only obtain the offer of
service from ministers who were known to be heterodox,
which they felt bound in conscience to refuse."*
A few months later the Cockermouth minister was
ordained, but no local minister took part in the ordina-
tion, the three ministers present being from Wiltshire
and Lancashiix.l
We find then that at the time of the building of Kendal
Chapel " heresy " of one form or another was common
in England, that a Trinitarian controversy was going
on in this county, and that the orthodox party were
convinced of the necessity of declarations of belief as
a means of stopping the progress of the heresy. We also
find that, knowing all this, the founders of the chapel
imposed no tests of any kind. Can there be any doubt
that they did this with their eyes open ? That they
were unorthodox enough to believe in freedom of thought
in religious matters and were unwilling to limit the free-
dom of themselves and their successors. The founders
may not have been anti-trinitarians, of this we have
no knowledge, but they belonged to the non-subscribing
party, suspected by the orthodox party to be unorthodox,
and we claim that they willingly and knowingly left it
open to their successors to exercise the right of private
judgment which they claimed and exercised for them-
selves.
♦ Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 97.
t Lewis's Cockermouth Church, p. 128.
WAS KENDAL CHAPEL " ORIGINALLY ORTHODOX " ? 29I
On the whole, we think there is more evidence for us
to claim Kendal Chapel as having always been unorthodox
than there was for the writer of the Manchester Socinian
Controversy to claim it as " originally orthodox."
D
292
XXV.
Caleb Rotheram, D.D. 1716-1752.
R. CALEB ROTHERAM, the most eminent of the
ministers actually connected with the present
chapel, was born 7th March, 1694, at Great Salkeld,
near Penrith.* As is shown in a note, several members
of the Rotheram family were at that time copyholders
in Great Salkeld. One of their holdings, a picturesque
farm-house, is still known as Rotheram Green. This
farm remained in the possession of the Rotherams until
a few years ago, and is now the property of R. Hey wood
Thompson, Esq., J. P., of Nunwick Hall. The house at
Rotheram Green was rebuilt in 1760. Whether its pre-
decessor was Dr. Rotheram 's birth-place or not we
cannot say, and we have been unable to ascertain the
name of Caleb's father, though wills at Carlisle, the
Great Salkeld parish register, and the episcopal tran-
cripts at Carlisle have been searched. The parish register
is defective at the period when Caleb would have been
baptized. That he was a near relation of Richard
Rotheram of Appleby is certain, and it is most probable
that he was a son of Edward Rotheram who was named
as supervisor of Richard's will in 1690.7
* Dr. George Benson's Memoirs of Dr. Winder in Winder's History of
Knowledge, i., 13.
t The Rotheram family had been in Great Salkeld for some time before
Dr. Rotheram's birth, and remained there until quite two hundred ^-ears
afterwards. In the list of subscribers to the building of a school-house there
in 1686 the names of Richard, William and Edward Rotheram occur as
contributing one shilling, one shilling and sixpence and sixpence respectivelv
(Lof tie's Great Salkeld, p. 87). Of these Richard was probably the Richard
Rotheram of the borough of Appleby, yeoman, whose will, dated 1690,
was proved in 1693, and is now in the Carlisle Registry. Richard Rotheram
left his free burgage in Appleby to his " dear wife Barbara," and his copyhold
estate in Great Salkeld to his son John, who was then under 21. In his will
he also names his daughter Jane, his three nieces, Hannah, Elizabeth and
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-I752. 293
Sarah Rotheram, and his nephew and godson Wilham Rotheram. The
supervisors of liis will included Edward Rotheram of Great Salkeld. The
son John Rotheram was probably the person of the same name who occurs
in the 1715, 1716 and 1717 lists of Great Salkeld tenants as a tenant in his
own right, and also in that of his wife. In 1724 he surrendered property by
virtue of a power of attorney from Thomas Pitts of London, who described
him as " my trusty and well beloved friend John Rotheram of Great Salkeld
yeoman." In 1732 he and his wife surrendered property rented at 2s. to the
use of Sara Rotheram, no doubt the daughter who, on 29th June, 1732, was
married to Thomas Nelson, and in 1735 they surrendered other property
to their own use during their joint lives and then to the use of Thomas Gibson,
who, on 30th June, 1726, had married their daughter Hannah.' John
Rotheram made his will 25th June, 1743, and died before nth October, 1743,
when the will was proved. He was evidently a Nonconformist, as he left
£5 to " the stock belonging to the Desenting meeting house," and orthodox,
as the preamble to his will reads " I give and bequeatli my soul to the Lord
my maker and Redeemer hoping only for Salvation in and through the merits
of my Dear Redeemer." He names his son Joseph, his daughters Hannah
Gibson, Mary Moorhouse and Sarah Nelson, and mentions, without naming,
his grandchildren, one of whom was the Rev. Timothy Nelson, M.A., of Great
Salkeld. John's only surviving son, Joseph Rotheram (another son John
had died before his father, being buried 4th April, 1727), who inherited his
father's copyhold property rented at gs. 4d., and had also his " household
stuff and husbandry gear," was in possession of the estate but a short time,
as he died in 1747. His estate was administered by his widow, Ann Rotheram,
8th March, 1747-8, and an inventory shows that his goods were valued at only
£30 15s., from which debts and funeral expenses amounting to £10 were to
be deducted. The paternal copyhold property at Great Salkeld, apparently
undiminished in extent, for the rent was still gs. 4d., passed to Joseph's son
and heir, Samuel Rotheram. He seems to have been prosperous. In 1760
he married Sarah Varty, and in the same year built or rebuilt Rotheram
Green, which bears that date with the initials S^S (= Samuel and Sarah
Rotheram). In the same year he and his wife surrendered the property to
themselves jointly and were admitted tenants 8th December, 1 760. Apparently
Samuel Rotheram began the collection of curios which long adorned Rotheram
Green and included a grandfather clock with his name and date 1760. Samuel
died before 18 14 and was succeeded by his eldest son John, who was admitted
to the tenancy 4th April, 1814, subject to the life interest of his mother, who
had remarried Robert Lowthian, and subject also to a mortgage of £120
and interest. Apparently John was succeeded by his son John, who seems
to have died without being formally admitted tenant, and in 1824 Isaac
Rotheram, eldest surviving son and copyhold heir of Samuel Rotheram
and also uncle and copyhold heir of John Rotheram, deceased, was admitted
tenant, the rent still being gs. 4d. In the following year Isaac Rotheram
in consideration of his natural love and affection for Charles Rotheram, his
brother, surrendered to him the house and part of the estate at the yearly
copyhold rent of 4s. 6d., part of the ancient rent of gs. 4d. Charles Rotheram
had lived at Lowther New Town for some years, his fifth child, born 1816
being the first to be born at Great Salkeld. He died 26th June, 1855. aged 81,
and was succeeded by his son Charles Rotheram, who died 6th February,
igo4, aged 89, and was the last of the family to live at Rotheram Green.
His name occurs in the list of subscribers to the cost of rebuilding Great Salkeld
school, as that of his ancestor had in a similar list 170 years earlier. Reverting
to the early years of the eighteenth century, we find Thomas Rotheram holding
a copyhold estate in Great Salkeld, the yearly rent of which was 2S. 4d. He
occurs in the lists of tenants 1715-1717, and was buried 12th May, 1725, his
wife Elizabeth being buried 3rd February, 1721-2. His son and heir, admitted
to his father's holding in 1716, was William Rotheram, whom we take to be
the nephew and godson named by Richard Rotheram of Appleby in 1690.
This William appears to be identical with the Rev. William Rotheram, some-
time master of Hexham and Haydon Bridge Grammar Schools (buried at
Haydon 6th April, 1734), and if so was father of the Rev. John Rotheram who
surrendered a property, rent 2S. 4d., in 1787. If we have not misidentified
him, this John Rotheram is noticed in the Dictionary of National Biography.
294 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Dr. Rothcram retained some connection with his native
place until about the time he settled in Kendal. He occurs
in a list of tenants of the manor of Great Salkeld, dated
17th October, 1715, as holder of two estates there, one
of which was called Hoggs. In a list dated i8th April,
1716, he again occurs for the same properties, but his
name is given as Caleb Richardson. In the list of 6th
October, 1716, the correct name is restored, and on 3rd
May, 1717, the list gives in the place where Caleb
Rotheram's name had appeared " Jacobus Ireland,
Idem pro Rotherams, Idem pro Hoggs." The explana-
tion of the change is given in the manor court roll 21st
February, i7i6[-7]. On that date Caleb Rotheram and
John Nelson came to the court and surrendered a
messuage and tenement lying in Great Salkeld of the
annual rent of 6d. to the use of James Ireland and his
assigns for ever.
Caleb Rotheram was instructed in classical learning
by Mr. Anthony Ireland, at that time master of the Great
Blencow Free Grammar School, and studied for the
His relationship to the Rev. Joseph Rotheraiu, his successor in this
estate, is not given in the manor rolls, nor is any light thrown on it
by the memoir of John Rotheram in Surtees' Durham, Sunderland section,
1908, p. 182. The Haydon Chapel registers contain, we are courteously
informed by Mr. J. W. Robinson, the following references to William
Rotheram's' children : — Margaret (baptized gth November, 1720, died 21st
September, 1779) ; Elizabeth (baptized 3rd January, 1722-3, married 12th
August, 1752, to the Rev. Richard Wallis) ; John (baptized 18th July, 1725) ;
WiUiam (baptized 25th April, 1728, buried' 7th August, 1746). The Rev.
William was buried 6th .\pril, 1734, and his widow, Agnes, 5tli February, 1771.
Apparently this branch of the Rotheram family was not resident. William
appeared in person at the Court in 1726, but in 1731 appeared by his attorney,
as did the Rev. John Rotheram in 1787, Another of the family, Edward
Rotheram, possibly a brother of Richard and Thomas, was living in Great
Salkeld in 1690 when Richard Rotheram named him as a supervisor of his
will. As he does not occur in the 1715 list of tenants we may perhaps assume
that he was then dead. It is not unlikely that he was the previous owner
of the estate which Caleb Rotheram sold in 1716-7, and probably he was
Caleb's father. The information here is not offered as a complete genealogy
of the Rotheram family. It was collected to settle the parentage of Dr.
Rotheram and in an attempt to ascertain the names of the originals of some
fine portraits, formerly at Rotheram Green, now possessed by F. Nicholson.
The wills in the Probate Registry at CarUsle, and the manor court rolls of
Great Salkeld, part of the Honor of Penrith, are the main sources of informa-
tion. The dates from the Great Salkeld parish register were kindly supplied
by the Rev. C. J. Gordon, Rector of Great Salkeld.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-I752. 295
ministry at the Academy of Thomas Dixon, M.D.,* at
Whitehaven. Mr. Barclay, f a Scots gentleman then living
in Whitehaven, taught him mathematics, in which subject
and natural philosophy, Dr. Rotheram excelled. |
Rotheram's first settlement was at Ravenstonedale, §
but he does not occur in the printed lists of ministers. ||
That he was there is however certain, as is shown by
this resolution of the managers of the Presbyterian
Fund, 3rd October, 1715 : — ]|
An allowance being granted Mar. 7 171 4-5 to the congregation
of Russendale in Cumberland [sic] when a minister approved shall
be settled there notice being now given from Mr. Dickson of
Whitehaven that Mr. Caleb Rotheram is sent thither by the
neighbouring ministers and well approved by them this Society
thereupon approves the said Mr. Rotheram and that five pounds
be allowed him next Christmas and five pounds more next Mid-
summer if he continue a year out to satisfaction.
Very soon Rotheram left Ravenstonedale for Kendal,
and on 2nd July, 1716, it was
agreed upon the motion of Mr. Coningham that ten pounds be
allowed to Mr. Caleb Rotheram at Kendal in Westmorland
and that ten pounds be also allowed to Mr. James
jMallison now of Rosendale where he succeeds Mr. Caleb
Rotheram.**
Presumably this allowance was to date from the pre-
vious Christmas, as Rotheram is called minister at Kendal
* Dr. Dixon was a pupil of John Chorlton's at Manchester, and graduated
M.A. at Edinburgh 1709 and M.D. at Aberdeen 1718.
t This was perhaps John Barclay, M.A., Edinburgh, 1705, minister of North
Berwick from 1713. He was " a good sensible man, with not many words
or topics of conversation, but a great mathematician " (Scott's Fasti, i., 340).
t Benson's Memoirs of Winder in Winder's History of Knowledge, p. 13.
§ Joseph Hunter, Add. MSS., 2.^484, fol. 232.
II Rev. W. Nicholls' Ravenstonedale, Rev. Bryan Dale and Rev. T. G.
Crippen, Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 91 : Rev. J. H. Colligan (Ibid., iii., 217).
We called attention to this and other omissions from the list in our note in
Ibid., iv., 59.
Tf Minutes, ii., 273.
** Minutes of the Presbyterian Fund, ii., 289.
296 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
in the 1715 list of allowances.* The earUest date for
Rotheram in the chapel register is 23rd May, 1716.
Rotheram was only 22 when he became minister of
Kendal. He was ordained in 1717, probably in August,
as in that month 19s. was spent out of the public con-
tributions " at Mr. Edwd. Blackstock's at Mr. Rotheram's
ordination."! As Mr. Blackstock's numerous businesses
included that of innkeeping it would seem that the
occasion was celebrated by a modest repast.
In all probability the congregation had fallen off in
numbers in the interval between Audland's death and
his successor's appointment. The register contains very
few baptisms between 1716 and 1719, and as Rotheram
seems to have been a careful man we may account for
it rather by the fewness of the congregation than the
negligence of the minister. But if the congregation
was small when Rotheram began his ministry here in
1716 he must have been a very successful minister, as
the body soon reached the respectable number of 205.
This is the figure given in the returns 1 made to Dr.
John Evans originally in 1717 and corrected in some
instances to 1729. Of the 205, fifteen had votes for
Members of Parliament, in other words were owners of
land worth at least forty shillings yearly. In rank ten were
gentlemen, the remainder being yeomen and tradesmen. §
It is interesting to compare the Kendal returns with
those from the other Dissenting congregations in the
county. " Croch alias Croke " (now Crook) had 130 of
a congregation, and only one voter.
* Minutes, ii., 293.
t Chapel Register (Somerset House).
J fames's Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, p. 681.
§ At tlie same period Bishop Gastrell of Cliester was obtaining returns
from the church clergymen, and he embodied their answers in his Notitia
Cestriensis, of which the manuscript, unpublished so far as concerns West-
morland, is in the Chester Diocesan Registry. He says " There are 4 or 5
papist familyes, some presb: and abundance of Quakers in this parish." Of
Natland he says " the chapel being now ruinous no divine service is per-
formed. 1717."
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., 1716-1752. 297
Ravenstonedale had at the time two Nonconformist
congregations. The Presbyterian congregation had a
minister, but the number of hearers is not stated, the
Independent one had 300 hearers and three voters, the
congregation being mostly tenants of Lord Wharton.
Stainton, classed as Independent, had 130 hearers,
mostly yeomen, tradesmen and labourers. The number
of voters is given as 86, an incredible figure when com-
pared with that of the other chapels. Josiah Thompson's
MSS. give the number of hearers as 86.
Of the same period we get another glimpse in the
replies made by the Churchwardens at the Archdeacon's
Visitation in May, 1717.* The Kendal churchwardens
replied to one question, " We do not know that any Person
wholy neglects all publick worship or Prophanes the
Lords Day," which speaks well for Kendal or badly for
the candour of the churchwardens. To a question relating
to Dissenters they answered " Thers but two meetings
of Dessenters in our Town the one of Presbeterians, the
other of Quakers. We do not know whether their meeting
houses are licensed or no, the Presbeterian Ministers
name is Mr. Rodderham." At the same Visitation the
chapel wardens of Crook reported " There are two meetings
of Dissenters in our Chappelry, That is there is the Meeting
of the Phanatticks and Mr. Burn their Teacher and there
is the meeting of the Quakers and John Thompson their
Teacher. Their places are licensed." We could not find
the return for 1721 for the town of Kendal, but the returns
from the chapelries are of interest. From Crook, " there
are Quakers and Phenaticks in our Chapelry " ; Gray-
rigg, " We have some Quakers " ; Hugill, " We have no
dissenters but Quakers vizt. John Harrison and his
family and Nicholas Suert and his family," and " We
have no quaker meeting house in our chapplry " ; Kent-
mere and Long Sleddale wardens knew of no Dissenters ;
* The original records are in the care of Mr. W. H. Satterthwaite of Lancaster.
298 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Selside, " We have but onely one presbeterian and about
16 or 17 professed papists in our Chapellary. We have
no dissenting meeting house or teacher amongst us " ;
Staveley, " We have no Dissenters but Quakers " ;
Underbarrow, " nothing to present " ; and Old Hutton,
" One Quaker. No meetings." These visitation papers
do not give the idea of a large dissenting population.
The chapel began to attract gifts and legacies in
Rotheram's early years. In August, 1716, £^ was
received from Mrs. Sarah Audland for the use of the
congregation, and on 2nd February, 1716-7, this sum was
paid " towards the purchase of Jn°. Butlar house," which
seems to have been in Finkle Street, and was doubtless
the house in Finkle Street towards the purchase of which
sundry other small gifts and legacies were applied. It
was settled upon trustees for the use of the congregation.
Though the price of the house is given in the minute
book as £'/y, and the amount of the gifts as ;^i04 5s. 7d.,
the minute book says that the gifts were applied to the
purchase and " what they came short was made up,
by a sale of goods in the shops* and a subscription among
the people." Either there is a figure short, and the house
really cost, say, ;^i77, or else some portions of the gifts
and legacies had been spent before the Finkle Street
property was purchased.
One of the first fruits of Rotheram's ministry was the
erection of the present chapel in 1720. |
It appears by an Indenture of ist September, 1719,
that Thomas Wilson of Patton in the parish of Kirkby
Kendall yeoman in consideration of the sum of ;£i30
* This looks as if the congregation knew of the utility of a bazaar even at
this early date.
t In a paragraph in the Unitarian Herald for 17th March, 1882, on the
restoration of the Chapel in that year it is said that " some old Meeting house
must have stood upon its site, as foundations of old walls, pavement, and
a well were opened in course of the restoration." The reasoning is faulty.
There certainly was a building on the site, but it was not a meeting house.
This is shown by Collinson's will (1723), which refers to the " Messuage . .
lately rebuilt and converted into the Meeting House." Clearly the present
Chapel dates only from 1720.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-I752. 299
granted the Market Place property to Stephen Williamson
of Natland, yeoman, John Harrison, yeoman, Edward
Blackstock, yeoman, John Moore, mercer, Thomas
Strickland, cordwainer, and William Collinson, mercer,
all within Kirkby Kendah. The deed does not mention
the object of the transfer, nor does it state that it was a
trust. The declaration of trust would probably be in
another deed, unless, as is possible, the trust was only
an implied one and was not at that time expressed by
deed. Some probability is given to this theory by the
fact that William Collinson considered it necessary to
bequeath to his fellow trustees his share in the Meeting
House. No trust could be more open than one that
depended entirely on the wishes of the trustees and the
terms of the trust created by the will of William Collinson
(1723) show that that also was open. " The Protestant
Dissenting Congregation of Presbyterians," and " Protes-
tant Dissenters from the Church of England " are phrases
which do not bear any doctrinal significance.
The money for purchasing the ground and erecting
the meeting house was obtained by subscription and the
sale of seats. The full lists are given in an appendix.
Seven of the subscribers were dignified with a " Mr."
before their name, the minister paid for the pulpit and
sounding board, and there was a subscription amongst
the ladies of the congregation for the purchase of a cushion
for the pulpit. One interesting list records the assistance
received from " our brethren abroad." The " brethren "
included such well-known men as Thomas Rejaiolds,
Samuel Wright, D.D., Benjamin Grosvenor, D.D., William
Harris, D.D., Jabez Earle, and Benjamin Avery, D.C.L.
Probably collections were made in the chapels at the
places named in the list,* and it is interesting to see how
* There is evidence that this was so at Brampton where the register shows
that 17s. 4id. was collected (Trans., Cumb. and West. Antiq. and Arch. Soc,
N.S., iii., 108). As the Kendal accounts show only 17s. 2d. received from that
source, z^d. remains unaccounted for, unless it was the cost of transmission.
300 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
far afield some interest was taken in the doings of the
Kendal congregation. It is not unlikely that the pulpits
of many of these chapels were filled by fellow students
of Rotheram's, and in one case — Leeds — the minister had
himself served the Kendal congregation. In the grant
from Dumfries, the largest sum received from " abroad,"
we may perhaps see the influence of Mr. Edward Black-
stock, who came from Caerlaverock parish in the presby-
tery of Dumfries. Doubtless also the fact that Kendal
was a great place of resort for Scotch merchants and pack-
men had enlisted the sympathy of the Dumfries people.
The amount raised " abroad " was £132 14s. 4d., £166
17s. 6d. was collected at Kendal, and the sale of seats
produced £g^ los., a total of £394 is. lod.
It is probable that the chapel, when built, was free
from debt.
In March, 1722-3, a hymn book, costing is. 6d., was
purchased for Matthew Birkett, the first clerk of the
chapel.
An important endowment was left to the chapel in
1723 by William Collinson of Kirkby in Kendal, mercer,
who has already been mentioned as one of the first
trustees. By will he left to trustees the bulk of his
property for the use of the congregation. The portion
of his will relating to this is as follows : —
Imprimis I do give and devise unto my trusty and well beloved
friends John Harrison of Kirkby in Kendal aforesaid gentleman,
John Moor of the same mercer, Edward Blaickstock of the same
innholder, Stephen Williamson of Natland . . . yeoman
and Daniel Scales of Skelsmergh . . . yeoman and unto
their heirs and assigns for ever All that close or parcell of ground
called Bayley Close with the appurtenances scituate lying and
being on the West side of a street or gate in Kirkby in Kendal
aforesaid called Strickland-Gate in the customary tenancy of
Mabel Whitehead widow her assignee or assignes and held of me
being the lord or owner of the seigniory thereof ; according to
the custom of tennant right by the payment of a reasonable
fine arbitrary on change of lord by death and of tennant by
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., 1716-I752. JOI
death or alienation, and by payment of the yearly customary
rent of one pound eight shillings and of certain other duties
and services therefore due and of right accustomed And also
all those burgages, messuages, and tenements lyeing in Kirkby
in Kendal aforesaid and held of me as lord or owner of the
seigniory thereof by the custom there called burgage tenure
by (inter alia) the payment of severall and respective yearly
rents and now or late being in the respective and severall tenures
of Thomas German, Roger Wakefield, Gabriel Shaw, Thomas
Wilson tanner Mr. Edward Whitehead, Myles Atkinson, Richard
Fell, James Sinkinson, Matthew Birkett, James Fisher, Henry
Shaw, Jonathan Dodgson, Richard Leese, Jonathan Wilson,
John Garnett, Robert Barrow, William Foster and Myles Garnet
or some of them TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the said messuages,
burgages, lands and premises with the appurtenances unto them
the said John Harrison, John Moor, Edward Blaikstock, Stephen
Williamson and Daniel Scales their heirs and assignes TO the
use and behoof of them the said John Harrison, John Moor,
Edward Blaikstock, Stephen Williamson and Daniel Scales their
heirs and assignes for ever NEVERTHELESS upon and subject
to the severall trusts and to the intents and purposes hereafter
mentioned declared and expressed for and concerning the same
That is to say upon trust and confidence and to the very intent
and purpose That they my said trustees or some of them, their
heires and assignes shall and may yearly and every year receive
and collect the yearly or other rents issues and profitts of the
said premisses and of every part thereof and after a retainer of
the costs charges and expences of my said trustees or any of
them necessarily and reasonably to be made by them or any
of them, their heires and assignes as often as the same expences
costs and charges shaU be so made to pay over the same rents
issues and profits of the premisses or residue thereof unto such
Minister or Teacher of the Protestant Dissenting Congregation
of Presbyterians as shall from time to time officiate in the Meeting
House now erected in Kirkby in Kendal aforesaid behind the
Eastern End of the Market Place there or in any other place
in Kirkby in Kendal aforesaid to be hereafter used by such
Protestant Dissenters from the Church of England by Law
established after that and whensoever the aforesaid Meeting
House shall not be used for the assemblies of such Dissenters : and
also upon the further trust and confidence that whensoever the
number of my said five trustees shall by death or by removall
of their residence to the distance of above twenty miles from'
302 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Kirkby in Kendal aforesaid be reduced to the number of two,
that then and in such case tlie two remaining or surviving trustees
and such of tliem as shall be so removed if any such shall be
so removed shall and may by good and sufficient conveyance
and assurance convey and assure all and every the said Premisses
with the appurtenances unto five discreet persons living within
Kirkby in Kendal aforesaid or within the space and distance of
twenty miles thereunto TO HAVE AND TO HOLD unto them
their heirs and assignes for ever to and upon the severall trusts
intents and purposes before mentioned for and concerning the
same and every part thereof and that the like further conveyances
and assurances shall and may from time to time be made to
five persons inhabiting as aforesaid as often as the number of
the trustees shall be reduced to that of two as aforenamed for
ever to the intent that the said trusts may be perpetuated. AND
I do give devise and bequeath unto the said John Harrison, John
Moor Edward Blackstock, Stephen Williamson and unto Thomas
Strickland of Kirkby in Kendal aforesaid their heires and assignes
all that messuage with the appurtenances lately rebuilt and
converted into the Meeting House aforesaid and heretofore
conveyed to them and me by Thomas Wilson of Patton TO
HAVE AND TO HOLD unto them the said John Harrison (&c)
their heirs and assignes for ever.
Signed sealed and published to be the last Will and Testament
of the said William CoUinson on the twenty third day of December
Anno Dni 1723 in the presence of Thomas Shepherd Jacob Morland
Alan Chambre.
As this was a bequest of real property the question
arose, Was it forbidden by the Statutes of Mortmain ?
The opinions of two lawyers were taken. W. Gilpin
was of opinion that " the devise being made to the
trustees for the benefit of a Protestant Dissenting Minis-
ter, is not within any of the Statutes of Mortmain, for
he is no such ecclesiastical or religious person as is
intended thereby nor can it be brought under the law
against superstitious uses, that being only meant of
Popish superstitions." Mr. Alan Chambre's more lengthy
opinion was in agreement with that of Lawyer Gilpin.
Another difficulty about Mr. Collinson's bequest was
that his personalty was not sufficient to pay his debts.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-I752. 303
The trustees therefore found it necessary to raise £100
towards paying Mr. ColHnson's debts before they could
obtain his legacy. The amount was raised by mortgage
on the Finkle Street house and six guineas afterwards
returned by Mr. Colhnson's executors to the trustees
was apphed to " some extraordinary repairs of the said
house."*
The growing wealth of the Kendal congregation is
indicated by the reduction, in 1723, of the allowance
from the Presbyterian Fund from ^^lo to £j ,\ but extra-
ordinary grants were, in 1729, 1730 and 1731, made to
Mr. Rotheram.t
The legacies, received in 1732, of Rowland Scales of
Skelsmergh and Daniel Scales § of Skelsmergh, each of
£10, went to reduce the mortgage on the Finkle Street
house. Evidently at this period revenue balanced ex-
penditure, and all extraordinary gifts and legacies were
put to capital account.
In the following year, 1733, Rotheram began his
Academy, jl
Whether this implied that after seventeen years the
* It was Dr. Rotheram himself who advanced the money on mortgage.
Eight years later a couple of legacies enabled the trustees to pay off £20. In
1737 a new mortgage deed was prepared for £100, Dr. Rotheram having
advanced £20 for necessary repairs. In 1747 and 1751 legacies reduced the
amount to £75, at which the mortgage stood when Caleb Rotheram, junior,
took over the mortgage. He transferred it to his sister, Sarah Whitehead,
and in 1759 it was reduced £5 by a legacy from Mrs. Hannah Gowthrop.
t Minutes, iii., 18.
% Minutes, iii., loi, 120, 143.
§ Daniel Scales of Skelsmergh, chapman, died 22nd November, 1724, aged
36, and was buried in the chapel yard, the inscription on his brass being given
in the notice of his grandson, John Thomson, trustee. He married (by licence,
dated gth November, 171 7) Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Leece of Strick-
landgate, chapman. Possibly he had a second wife, as on ist November,
1 731, the will of Isabel Scales of Kirkby Kendal, formerly of Skelsmergh,
widow, was proved by the two executors, Robert Harrison and Edward
Blackstock, and the date of the receipt of the legacy suggests that it accrued
to the chapel on the death of this widow. Daniel Scales's daughters married
John Thomson and Benjamin Atkinson, of whom there are further particulars
in the list of trustees. Rowland Scales was probably a brother of Daniel.
The Scales family appear to have been numerous and prosperous in Kendal
and neighbouring parishes.
II See the next chapter (p. 319).
304 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
minister's salary began to shrink or his growing family
made it necessary for him to seek additional sources of
income, we do not know. But it is possible that both
causes operated, for Kendal was passing, or had just
passed through, a crisis in its commercial history. The
doleful story is told in a petition, dated 13th March,
1728-9, of several gentlemen of Kendal to the Lords of
the Treasury.*
The petitioners state " that Kendal has been a place
of great trade by the manufacture of several sorts of
woollen stuffs and tanning of leather ; that the turf,
hitherto their usual fuel, being exhausted, the expense
of firing has caused almost the entire loss of their trade."
The}/ evidently wished the duty on coals imported via
Milnthorpe to be abolished for their benefit, but the
Commissioners of Customs reported to the Lords of the
Treasury that " there has been shipped at Whitehaven,
and entered at the port of Lancaster, and discharged
at Milnthorpe, within that port, in five years past, up-
wards of 368 chaldrons of coal, for which duty has been
paid and the quantity has increased of late years, besides
upwards of 1000 chaldrons discharged at Grange, Penny
Bridge, and Rampside places in Lancaster waters," and
they add the significant warning that " if coals landed
at Milnthorpe be exempted from the duty, the other
places may demand the same."
Whether the petitioners got their desire or not it is
certain that trade did not entirely leave the town, though,
as we have suggested, its diminished quantity may have
been the indirect cause of the establishment in Kendal
of Rotheram's Academy.
At the ordination of John Herries, minister of Bramp-
ton, by the Provincial meeting of ministers at Brampton
on loth April, 1734, Rotheram took the confession and
* Shaw's Calendar of Treasury Books and Papers, 1729, p. 66.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-I752. 305
proposed the questions, and also signed the certificate of
ordination.*
In ^7Z7 the three survivors of the original trustees or
owners, Edward Blackstock, John Moore and Stephen
Williamson transferred the trust to Edward Holme,
woollen draper ; Myles Harrison of Lincoln's Inn, gentle-
man ; Robert Wilson, shearman ; Jonathan WiUiamson
of Natland Mihbcck, yeoman ; Benjamin Wilson, weaver ;
John Harrison, innholder ; John Strickland, cordwainer ;
and Jonathan Dodgson, grocer, and the trust was further
explained by deed of 3rd October, 1738. The trustees
were to hold the property and to
permitt and suffer such Minister or Teacher of the Protestant
Dissenting congregation of Presbyterians who now is or hereafter
shall for the performance of divine worship therein be called
and appointed by a majority of such persons of the said Congre-
gation who have for the space of one year before such call or
appointment been contributors unto the publick expences of the
said congregation.
Thus from the first the whole of the subscribers to the
funds of the Kendal Chapel have had the power to elect
their own ministers, a power which in many Presbyterian
churches was retained by the trustees, and in most
Independent churches was confined to the church
members.
We have interesting references to Rotheram in a
diary kept by Richard Kay, of Baldingstone, a surgeon,
who died in 1751, aged 35. | In 1742 Kay and a kinsman
visited Whitehaven, and on their return journey stayed
over night in Kendal. The diary under date June nth,
says, " This day in the morning we left Carlisle, came
* Cunib. and West. Antiq. and Arch. Soc, n.s., iii., 115, 116.
t The diary has not been published, and its present whereabouts is not
known to us. Our extracts have been suppUed, with his usual courtesy,
by Mr. William Hewitson of Bury, who saw the original document more than
a dozen years ago. The MS. was known to Joseph Hunter (what Noncon-
formist document did he not know ?), and he refers to the extract of 12th
June, 1742, in Add. MS. 24484, fo. 232.
X
306 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
through Perith [Penrith], Shap, to Kendal and lodge
there," and on the following day
12. This day in the morning the Revd. Mr. Rotlieram of Kendal
and Mr. CarHsle* (Doctor in Physick) in town came to our inn
to breakfast with us. After some conversation Mr. Rotheram
(a great and useful philosopher) invited us to his house to see
his Orrery, show'd us some of his apparatus and some philosophi-
cal experiments. Before dinner we took our leave of him and
the Doctor, and when we had dined we set out from Kendal
through Burton, Bolton [le Sands], Lancaster to Garthstang
[Garstang] and lodge there.
On May 27th, 1743, Mr. Rotheram was admitted a
Master of Arts of Edinburgh University, and then im-
mediately gained the degree of Doctor of Divinity by
public disputation, his inaugural dissertation being on
the Evidences of the Christian Religion. | Dr. Rotheram
made his only appearance as an author! with this dis-
sertation. It was printed at Edinburgh in the same year
with the title of " Dissertatio . . . de religionis
Christianae evidentia." In it
he clearly refuted the notion, admitted by Locke {Hum. Und.
iv. c. 16 § 10,) strongly insisted on by Tindal, [Christianity as Old
as the Creation, p. 163) and more lately revived by Evanson,
(Letters to Hurd, p. 9) " that the probability of facts depending
on human testimony, must gradually lessen in proportion to the
distance of the time when they happened, and at last become
entirely evanescent. "§
It is probable that when Dr. Rotheram took his degree
at Edinburgh he was in that city to deliver a course of
lectures. Within a month he was lecturing in Manchester
and amongst his auditors was the young surgeon, Robert
Kay, whose diary affords us the following information : —
* This was Dr. George Carlyle, a Trustee of the ChapeL
t Catalogue of graduates of Edinburgh, 1858, p. 241.
% It is not improbable, however, tliat he was the R. C. wlio corrected a
matliematical correspondent in Ashburner's Agreeable miscellany, 1749, p.
176.
§ Monthly Repository, 1810, p. 219.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-I752. 307
1743- June 17. I went in the afternoon to Manchester to
attend the Philosophical Lectures of the Revd. Mr. Rotheram,
D.D. from Kendal in Westmoreland. He shew'd us something
of the different nature of matter.
June 20. Went in the afternoon to Manchester ; heard a
lecture concerning the Attraction and Repulsion of Matter by
Mr. Rotheram, D.D. We subscribed our guineas apiece each.
June 21. Took a ride to Manchester. They begin exactly
at 5 o'th'clock ; we have had a lecture concerning Electric '
Attraction.*
We are inclined to think that Dr. Rotheram's lecturing
engagements took him away from Kendal for a few
months of each year. The register of baptisms shows
long intervals followed by a number of baptisms, which
might thus be explained. As examples, we may mention
that the seven baptisms recorded in 1743 all took place
after June, in 1744 the five baptisms were from April to
October, in 1745 the first baptism was in June.
In 1745 Kendal was visited by a notorious and unwel-
come person, the Young Pretender. The vanguard of
the rebel army arrived on November 22nd, on the following
day the Lords Murray, Kilmarnock, Ogilvy and Nairne
came in and were mostly quartered in Strickland-gate.
On the evening of the 24th " came in the Highland
Clans with their pretended Prince in their front ; he had
walked from Penrith that day which is 20 miles, and
was quartered on Thomas Shepherd Esq."f The gentle-
man who thus had forced upon him the honour of receiving
royalty was probably of Dissenting origin, though, as
he was a magistrate, must have been a Churchman at
* These lectures by Dr. Caleb Rotheram are probably those attributed to
his son. Dr. John Rotheram, in the following newspaper paragraph preserved
in a scrap-book in the Kendal Public Library : " Two or three years ago I
had sent to me for inspection — by a gentleman who knew I was interested
in anything relating to Kendal — A MS volume of lectures delivered at Man-
chester, by Mr. John Rotheram of Kendal, about (as near as I can remember)
1745. They were on Natural Philosophy, one or more being on Water.
From this it would appear that John Rotheram was known as a lecturer of
repute throughout the north . . . W.W."
t Ray's History of the Rebellion, p. 138
308 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
least nominally. He would no doubt be a Whig in
politics, and he was a friend of Dr. Rotheram's.*
Mr. Shepherd lived at the best house in the town, one
in Stricklandgate, occupied at a later date by the Misses
Thomson. I
The rebels seem to have quartered themselves, whenever
possible, on the Whigs, and we may be sure that the
'members of the congregation had billeted on them more
than their fair share of the invaders. On the retreat
the Young Pretender again took up his quarters with
Justice Shepherd, and on the succeeding night the same
bed he had slept in was occupied by the Duke of
Cumberland.
No legacy appears to have been received by the chapel
trustees from 1732 until 1747, when William Audland'sl
legacy of ;^5 was received, being applied to the reduction
of the mortgage, as was £20 which was received in 1751
(six years after his death) as a bequest from Edward
Blackstock, an original trustee of the chapel.
We have seen by his loans to the chapel that Dr.
Rotheram, if not a man of wealth, was not without
means. In 1747 he undertook to buy from Thomas
Sedgwick the estate of Collinfield. This consisted of
about 24 acres, and included a residence which is con-
sidered one of the most perfect manor houses in the
county.
The price was to be £660, and the purchase was
dependent on Thomas Sedgwick being able to give a
good title. It appeared, however, on some legal pro-
* See Dr. S. Nicholson's letter quoted on p. 322. The name of Shepherd occurs
in the Chapel register, which does not, however, contain the baptism of the
J. P. of 1745, who was the son of Thomas Shepherd of Kirkby Kendal, gent.,
whose will was proved in 1732. There was also a well-to-do family of the
name in Natland at this period.
t Local Chronology, p. xxvi.
% Wil'i'am Audland of Kirkby Kendal, tailor, was a kinsman of the Rev.
Samuel Audland. His will was proved by his widow 30th May, 1739, and it
was probablv on her death that the legacy accrued to the Chapel.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-I752. 309
ceedings,* that other people had an interest in the
property. However, on 3rd August, 1751, Dr. Rotheram
paid his money, and Sedgwick and the others executed
an indenture of bargain and sale. Then the other parties
would not carry out their full share of the bargain, and
so three weeks later (24th August, 1751) Dr. Rotheram
sold the property to Sedgwick, receiving back the purchase
money. The next year Sedgwick found a purchaser for
his property in John Yeates of Kirkland, tanner, j
Though Dr. Rotheram did not acquire possession of
Colhnfield he was a landowner, as the foUowing adver-
tisement (from the Newcastle Journal, ist August, 1752)
bears witness : —
To be publickly sold to the highest bidder, at Mr. John Greenhow's,
the sign of the White Lyon in Kendal, in the county of Westmor-
land, on Friday the 15th of September N.S. 1752.
A freehold estate, pleasantly situated in the township of
Helsington, one mile from Kendal, known by the name of Prize-
head-end, late belonging to the Rev. Dr. Rotheram, deceased,
consisting of a good dwelling-house, with garden and orchard,
and suitable outhouses, all new and in good repair, above 43
acres of arable, meadow and pasture ground well fenced and
watered, with plenty of peat-moss and common-right, and pays
a small modus in lieu of tythe. The present farmer, Thomas
Robinson, will show the premisses. For further particulars,
apply to Mr. Anthony Strickland, or Mr. Thomas Harrison of
Kendal. Time for entry and payment will be fixed at the day
and place of sale.
Dr. Rotheram's health, " which had received a severe
shock from some very heavy family afflictions, began
rapidly to decline "% dl the latter end of 175 1. In the
spring following he went to Hexham to be attended by
his eldest son, John Rotheram, M.D., who was in practice
there. He died at Hexham, Sth June, 1752, and was
* The case is reported in Vesey's Cases in Chancery, Hardwick, ii., 57.
t From an abstract of title copied by Mr. Jennings.
X Monthly Repository, 1810, p. 219.
310 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
buried in the Abbey Church, where a tablet* to his
memory was placed on the wah. It was inscribed : —
To the Memory of
Caleb Rotheram, late of Kendal, D.D.
who successfully united
The Force of Genius and Industry
In the Cause of
Religion, Truth, and Liberty.
The Holy Scriptures
were his Favourite study.
The Doctrine which he taught,
And the Rule of his Life.
With ardent Piety,
Extensive Knowledge,
Unlimited Benevolence,
and Rational Affection,
He adorned the Characters
Of Minister, Tutor, Parent, and Friend.
He died June VIII. MDCCLII.
Aged LVIII.t
Dr. Rotheram is also commemorated by an inscription
on a headstone against the wall of his own chapel yard : —
In Memory
Of
The Rev. Caleb Rotheram, D.D.
who died June 8th 1752, Aged 59.
He was the esteemed Minister of the
Congregation worshipping at this Chapel
for 36 yeai"s.
His remains are deposited at Hexham
Where he died.
*In August, 1905, Mr. J. P. Gibson, of Hexham, made a search for this
tablet, and was able to find only a small and broken piece of the upper
part of the frame. He suggested that it had been destroyed in 1871,
when Hexham Abbey suffered a drastic restoration. Nevertheless, the
recent History of Northumberland (iii. 198) contains a copy of the inscription
without any suggestion that the stone was not still to be seen on the
west wall of the north transept. A. B. Wright (Hexham, p. 98) describes
it as "a black slab inserted in a handsome stone edged with white."
t In another version of the inscription the 9th line reads " The Doctrines
he taught," the 12th " With extensive knowledge," and the 17th and i8th
" He died June 8th, 1752 aged 58," and the nth line is omitted.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-1752. 3II
" As a protestant Dissenter he was
a credit to his profession ;
for he was a friend, a faithful friend,
to Liberty,
the distinguishing principle
of that profession."
In April, 1752, probably on the eve of his departure
for Hexham, Dr. Rotheram made his will. From the
original now filed at the Probate Registry, Lancaster,
the following abstract is made : —
Last will and testament of me Caleb Rotheram of Kirkby Kendall
in the county of Westmorland Doctor of Divinity of which will
I have caused two parts to be written both of the same tenor
words and form.
First I desire that my body may be interred in a decent and
plain manner and I order that no mourning shall be given at
my funeral.
My messuage and tenement &c called Pryzetend lying in
Helsington, Westmorland to my son John Rotheram and tp
Mr. Anthony Strickland Pewterer and Mr. Thomas Harrison
Tanner both of Kirkby Kendall to sell and out of the moneys
from thence to be raised, I order that said son John shall receive
and retain to himself ^400 for the payment of which sum I have
given to him my bond and which said money is all that I intend
to give him out of my effects (save upon such contingencys
happening as hereinafter mentioned). All debts to be discharged
out of the residue.
Messuages and dwelling houses and two shops in Kirkby
Kendall to my son and daughter John Ecroyde and Mary his
wife for their lives and then to the child or children of the said
John Ecroyde begotten on the body of the said Mary his wife,
if no such issue then to son John Rotheram he to pay £^0 each to
my other children, and the said messuages &c are charged with
the payment of ;^3 los. yearly " to my dear wife Ann " during
life provided she shall so long continue my widow and if she
marry again to have an annuity of 30s. only. To said wife
all such goods as are now in my possession that were devised
to her in and by the last will and testament of Mr. Edward
Blackstock her late husband and also £^0.
Daughter Sarah Rotheram and sons Caleb and William
Rotheram to be joint executors and to ehare equally all personal
312 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
estate not before disposed of, they securing tliereout one annuity
oi £io I OS. to my wife during Iter widowhood, the annuity to be
reduced to one half if slae remarry. The legacies to my wife
to be in lieu of, and to be annulled if she claims, her thirds.
If either or both Caleb or William die, daughter Sarah to have
their shares.
The guardianship and tuition of son William " and the care
of his education" to son John. Dated 5 April 1752 [signed]
Caleb Rotheram.
Witnesses Edward Holme, John Thomson, Jas. Dowker.
Sarah and Caleb Rotheram were sworn executors
i8th June, 1752, power being reserved to the other
executor, Wilham. Filed with the will is a bond for
£500, dated i8th June, 1752, the parties being Sarah
Rotheram of Kendal, spinster, Caleb Rotheram- of Kendal,
gentleman, and John Rotheram of Hexham, Doctor of
Physick.
Dr. Rotheram's will has a seal bearing a stag passant,
while each party to the bond sealed it with a shield
bearing a coat of arms which is not quite legible, but
appears to be party per fess a pale counterchanged,
three trefoils.
It is noteworthy that Dr. Rotheram's will does not
contain any religious preamble such as, though the
practice was dying out, were still not uncommon
among Dissenters. Was this because he was unwilling
to use the common form of such preambles as expressing
more than he could believe ?
Dr. Rotheram's funeral sermon was preached at
Kendal on June 14th by his old friend and pupil the Rev.
James Daye of Lancaster. The sermon was published,*
so that we may learn how Dr. Rotheram was appreciated
by those best qualified to know, albeit we may deduct
something from an estimate which occurs in the course
* The Christian's service, compleated with honour. A sermon occasioned
by the death of the Reverend Caleb Rotlieram, D.D., wlio died June 8,
1752, a3tat. 59. Preached at Kendal, June 14, 1752. By James Daye
. London : Printed for J. Noon [&c,] 8vo. pp. iv. 24.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., 1716-I752. 313
of a funeral sermon preached before and dedicated " To
the Society of Protestant Dissenters, in Kendal " in
the following terms, the italics being left as in the original.
Gentlemen,
It is not a common character, to possess the shining quahties,
which compose, what we justly call, a great man, — Such are
but rarely born into the world : And, when they are, they are
not always placed in a sphere, equally large, with their merit.
In higher ranks of dignity, and influence over mankind, we often
find the worthless person, while superior abilities are confined
to a more contracted station. — Yet, in this the wise providence
of God has consulted the general good of men, by disposing, in
• proper intervals of time and place, those worthies, whom he
designs for any great service. This, or that, place enjoys the
blessing, as he sees fit ; And wherever the great mind is stationed,
it makes room for itself ; and, like the sun, is the center of hght
and heat to all within it's own horizon.
You have been the happy people, thus favoured by indulgent
heaven, for a long time. For six and thirty years, the best things
have been well proposed to you, and I hope, as well entertained
by you. The great esteem you always bore for this eminent
person is one proof of it ; and your sentiments, so much the same
with his, another. A third must be, your continued steadiness,
now he is removed from you, to practise, what he, from his great
master, so acceptably proposed to you. — It would, indeed, be
strange, if the most perfect harmony had not subsisted between
you and your worthy pastor, while learning was so well applied,
and religion rationally set forth, to the pious and judicious.
It is, to comply with the respect you bore for him, that I
publish this discourse. — If I have not done justice to his character,
you will excuse it, in one who could not be wanting in a due
regard to his merit.
That his memor^^ may flourish, not only in your esteem, but
in your christian character, most expressive of the doctrine,
delivered by him ; and, that the blessing of God may carry on
all the good, begun by him, 'till it be finished in you, is the hearty
prayer of,
Gentlemen
Your respectful friend,
and humble servant,
Lancaster, James Daye.
July 3, 1752.
314 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Besides the eulogy of the preface Mr. Daye's testimony
includes the following passages : —
I am sure, not only you, his most intimate friends ; but all,
that have known, or heard of the late reverend Dr. Caleb
Rotheram, must revere the name, and honour the worthy
character, adorned with so many qualities, amiable in themselves,
and extensively profitable to mankind. It is with pleasure you
will always survey the blessing you have injoyed in him for a
great number of years.
As a minister, his abilities were great ; his delivery graceful,
his performances instructive, lively and entertaining ; his senti-
ments nervous ; his arguments strong ; and his expression just.
With these talents, together with great moderation, impartiality,
and a calm judgment, he became not only a popular preacher,
but was equally applauded by the most judicious. From his
early youth he exerted himself to serve this society. Studying
with unwearied application, and labouring his compositions ;• — -
at the same time, preacher to himself, — he gained that experience
in the practice, as well as the theory, of Christianity, by which
he always had a thorough acquaintance with his subject, and
treated it in a most masterly way. What he delivered was first
trisd upon his own mind. — When you felt the force of truth ; the
weight of all had been first poised in his heart. He spoke to the
edification of all : So, that every particular among you might
think the address was only to himself. In sacraments he excelled.
He is the fittest to declare the love of God to others, who has felt
it, shed abroad in his own heart.
His friendship with his brethren in the ministry was truly
cordial. And I do not know, whether I may not properly call
him the cement of love and harmony in the friendly association
of the two counties.* His learning, piety, sincerity, experience,
and good sense, gave him authority among his brethren, whom
he always treated with affection, freedom, and respect, and mostly
found the same returns of respect and esteem from them.
As the head of a religious society, he was a great ornament to
this place.
As a protestant dissenter, he was a credit to his profession ;
For he was a friend, a faithful friend to liberty, the distinguishing
principle of that profession.
* Westmorland and Cumberland.
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-1752. 315
Mr. Daye also made reference to Dr. Rotheram's
character as a good townsman and head of a numerous
family, and informed his hearers that " perhaps some
memoirs of Dr. Rotheram's hfe and character may, here-
after, be communicated to the pubhc by another hand."
Dr. Rotheram left no works from which his precise
theological standpoint can be ascertained, but the manu-
script drawn up by Mr. Hawkes in 1839 says " the senti-
ments of Dr. Rotheram were certainly not orthodox,
though not avowedly Unitarian. His views on the
Trinity seem to have been far removed from those of the
Church of England, and were probably the most moderate
form of Sabellianism."
James says " At Kendal there was Dr. Caleb Rotheram,
who Mr. Hadfield allows to have been an Arian, which
Drs. Bogue and Bennett leave doubtful."* But James,
on further consideration, came to the conclusion that
" the Arianism of Dr. Rotheram was too easily admitted
by Mr. Hadfield."! The Rev. Alexander Gordon says
" his theology, and that of most of his divinity pupils,
was Arian. ":j: Whether SabeUian or Arian, all authorities
allow that Rotheram loved and taught liberty of thought.
We have quoted Daye, now we will quote another old
pupil, Samuel Lowthion : — §
He was solicitously and affectionately concerned for the improve-
ment and usefulness of those under his care, especially that they
might be inspired with the love of liberty and clearly understand
the genuine principles of Christianity, and in order to this per-
mitted, encouraged, and assisted them to think freely upon every
subject of natural and revealed religion.
Dr. Rotheram's friend, George Benson, D.D., had
abandoned, before his ordination in 1721, his Calvinistic
* Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, p. 129.
t Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, p. 842.
% D. N. B.
§ Sermon on ordination of Rev. Caleb Rotheram, Junr., of Kendal^ 1756.
3l6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
views,* and Henry Winder, D.D., another intimate
friend, was an early advocate of religious liberty.
It is not unreasonable, remembering Daye's statement,
that Rotheram " was a friend, a faithful friend to liberty,"
that Dr. Rotheram's influence at Kendal was similar to
that already mentioned as having been exercised at
Liverpool by Dr. Winder, f On his appointment the con-
gregation may have been orthodox, but of this we have
no knowledge, but by the time the chapel was erected
it was sufficiently free to impose no tests on its ministers
or members. Certainly the results were the same in
Kendal as in Liverpool, for Dr. Benson says of Dr. Winder
that " by his private visits and public labors he had great
successes in diffuseing among them the generous spirit
of liberty and extensive charity," characteristics of the
Kendal congregation in its palmy days, as well as of all
the congregations which came under the influence of
men educated at Kendal and at Warrington.
Dr. Rotheram was twice married. His first wife, and
the mother of all his children, was Mary Strickland of
Kendal, a daughter of Thomas Strickland of Strickland-
gate, one of the first trustees of the chapel. The marriage
licence bond, which is dated 23rd March, 171S, is now
at Lancaster, Thomas Strickland was the bondsman,
and the marriage was to take place at Thornton, Kirkby
Lonsdale or Kendale.
She died 17th April, 1746, aged 52, and is commemorated
by the large stone against the waH in the front yard of
the chapel.^ Mrs. Rotheram was related to many of the
* Hutchinson's Cumberland, i., 285.
t Ante, pp. 286, 287.
% William Christie states (Monthly Repository, vi., 129) that Caleb Rotheram,
junior, was a nephew of George Benson, D.D., and if this was correct Dr.
Rotheram must either have married a sister of Dr. Benson's or vice versa,
or the two Doctors must have married two sisters. But no such connection
is traceable. Dr. George Benson was, like Dr. Rotheram, a native of Great
Salkeld. He married (i) 1726, Mrs. Elizabeth Hills, widow, and (2) Mary,
daughter of William Kettle of Birmingham (Hutchinson's Cumberland, i.,
285). It is probable, however, that Mr. Christie had confused two college
CALEB ROTHERAM, D.D., I716-I752. 317
families connected with the chapel in its early days, and
was a cousin of Ephraim Chambers, author of the
Cyclopcsdia.
The second wife of Dr. Rotheram was Edward Black-
stock's widow, Ann, to whom he was married 12th
February, 1746-7.
Dr. Rotheram's children were : —
1. John Rotheram, M.D., born 26th January, 1719-20,
baptized at Kendal Chapel. A fuller notice of him and
his children appears in the list of Dr. Rotheram's pupils.
2. Hannah, born 8th March, baptized at the Chapel
8th April, 1722, died 15th and was buried i6th May, 1722,
being the first to be interred in the chapel ground.
3. Thomas, born 21st October, baptized at the chapel
24th November, 1723. Died young.
4. Mary, born 8th November, baptized at the chapel
loth December, 1725. Married at the Parish Church
17th September, 1746, to John Ecroyde of Kendal,
apothecary, later described as surgeon.
Mr. Ecroyde died in 1775, and his obituary in the
Newcastle Chronicle (August 12th, 1775) says he was
" an eminent surgeon ... a person most eminent
in his profession, whose death is universally lamented
by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance."
Mr. Ecroyde's daughter was married in 1769 to John
Claxton of Kendal, surgeon and apothecary, who died
in 1812 and was buried June 3rd in the chapel yard.
Mrs. Claxton had predeceased him, having died at Liver-
pool in 1810. Mr. John Claxton's family were baptized
at the chapel. Ecroyde, the eldest son, was a surgeon,
and died on the Gaboon River, Africa. Caleb, another
son, was a captain, and was lost at sea off Mauritius.
The descendants of the eldest son include Mr. Ecroyde
friends of Dr. Priestley, botfi mentioned in the early pages of the Doctor's
autobiography, namely, Mr. Rotheram and Mr. Alexander, the latter of whom
is stated by t'riestley to have been a nephew of Dr. Benson.
3l8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Claxton, of Oxton, Birkenhead, a well-known rose grower,
and Mrs. Albert Nicholson of Dubhn. Several of the
later Claxtons are descended, maternally, from James
Nicholson, one of Rotheram's scholars.*
5. Sarah, born 22nd February, baptized at the chapel
24th March, 1728. She was one of the executors of her
father's will i8th June, 1752, and was then unmarried.
She married Thomas Whitehead, one of her father's pupils,
of whom there is a notice in another chapter.
6. Edward, born i8th April, baptized at the chapel
6th May, 1730. Died young.
7. Caleb, born 21st November, baptized at the chapel
6th December, 1732, Minister of Kendal.
8. William, born ist November, baptized at the
chapel 17th November, 1734. Was in the Marines,
becoming a captain in 1759, major 1777, lieutenant-
colonel 1791, and colonel 1794, and commander of the
troops at Portsmouth dockyard. He died a major-general.
9. Hannah, born 22nd April, baptized at the chapel
22nd May, 1737. Died young.
* The Claxton material, by Ecroyde Claxton, 1905.
%
319
XXVI.
Dr. Rotheram's Academy, 1733-1752.
TN the eighteenth century it was almost the rule that
J- the Dissenting minister kept a private boarding
school for boys. It may be that ministerial duties were
lighter then than now, but under the conditions pre-
vaihng in that century and the first half of the nineteenth
century the combination of duties worked well and con-
gregations seem not to have suffered by the minister
devoting part of each day to teaching.
Instead of a school for boys, Dr. Rotheram conducted
an academy for young men. His academy was not so
distinctively a theological school as some of the academies
had been, about two-thirds of his pupils being men not
intending to become ministers.
According to the Dictionary of National Biography
Rotheram educated about 120 laymen and 56 divinity
students. His academy began its work in 1733, and was
carried on until a few months after Rotheram's death.
The Presbyterian Fund recognized Rotheram's Academy
from the beginning. On 6th May, 1734, a letter was read
from " Mr. Rotheram of Kendall relating to the state of
the Dissenting Interest in the North," and the managers
agreed that Mr. Rotheram " be encourag'd by an allow-
ance of Thirty two pounds per annum for four years
. for four students to be instructed by him in
academical learning at Kendall."* It appears that the
four students were to undertake " to settle with any con-
gregation in the North that shall call them."| Evidently
then the Kendal Academy was intended as a training
* Minutes, iii., 191.
t Minutes, iii., 200.
320 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
place for ministers who were to work in an unprofitable
field, and many of them did so — for a time.
So well satisfied with the Academy were the managers
of the Fund that in 1737 they agreed to continue the
four bursaries for another four years, and, — a further
proof of their confidence, — left the selection of the " four
students out of the North " to Mr. Rotheram. They
also " agreed that an extraordinary supply of twenty
pound be granted to Mr. Caleb Rotheram for finishing
his apparatus for Experimental Philosophy."* Rotheram
was to give every half year an account of the conduct
of the students under his care. From 5th March, 173S-9,
to the end of his life Dr. Rotheram received an extra-
ordinary allowance of £10 annually, doubtless an acknow-
ledgment of the value of his Academy. | In 1740 it was
agreed " That notwithstanding Rule the 3rd any of the
students to which we grant allowances may be sent to
Kendall." t
It would appear that the Academy suffered during
the invasion in the '45, as on 6th January, 1745-6, the
managers of the Presbyterian Fund " agreed that the
Sum of £10 be granted to Dr. Rotheram and Dr. Latham
[of Findern Academy] each in consideration of their late
sufferings to be paid immediately." §
In 1747 some of the students had been giving trouble
to the Tutor, and on 7th December a letter from Dr.
Rotfieram was read to the managers of the Fund, and it
was resolved " that Dr. Avery be desired to acquaint
Dr. Rotheram that the conduct of the students who
have lately left him and whom he mentions in his letter
is very displeasing to the board." || Whatever the trouble
may have been, it caused no loss of confidence in Dr.
* Minutes, iii., 243, 244.
t Minutes, iii., 275, etc.
J Miiiutes, iii., 300.
§ Minutes, iii., 391.
II Minutes, iii., 428.
DR. ROTHERAM'S academy, I733-I752. 32I
Rotheram, who, a month or two later, was granted his
usual extraordinary allowance of £10.*
A year later (December, 1748) the continuance of the
Academy at Kendal was hanging in the balance. The
Presbyterian Fund, however, decided to continue for
another four years the bursaries to four students, and
passed a resolution desiring Dr. Rotheram " by all means
to continue the Academy."!
In 1750 the Kendal Academy attained its full meed
of recognition by the Presbyterian Fund. On April 2nd
the second rule relating to students was taken into con-
sideration, and it was " agreed to Mr. Barkers alteration
and that the rule for the future stand thus That the
Students encouraged by this fund be placed at Findern
or Kendall or such other Academy in England as the
managers of it shall approve and at Carmarthen in
Wales and at the Universities in Scotland." On the same
day a fifth student was sent to Dr. Rotheram. j The
Doctor continued to report on the work of his pupils until
the spring of 1752, his last letter being read 6th April,
1752. § In October in the same year the Board agreed
that " Messrs. Tho. Whitehead, Isaac Smithson and
Caleb Rotheram lately under the care of Dr. Rotheram
deceased be desired to remove to Mr. Caleb Ashworth at
Daventry, and be there allowed £10 a year."l| The
increase in the bursary is noteworthy. None of the Fund's
pupils under Rotheram had received more than £8 per
annum.
Besides the Presbyterian Fund, Lady Hewley's Fund
made grants to students at Rotheram's Academy^ as also
did the Baptist Fund.
* Minutes, iii., 431.
t Minutes, iii., 445-
{ Minutes, iii., 468, 469, 470.
§ Minutes, v., 10.
§ Minutes, v., 21.
^ T. S. James's Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, p. 83.
322 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
One of Rotheram's early pupils was Samuel Nicholson,
M.D., and from family papers we are enabled to give
some details of the fees, subjects of study and student
life at the Academy. Samuel Nicholson after having
spent some time at Glasgow University wished to study
for the ministry. His father, Matthew Nicholson of
Liverpool, wrote to his cousin, Edward Blackstock of
Kendal, one of the original trustees of the Chapel, asking
for Mr. Rotheram's terms. Mr. Rotheram's reply, dated
September, 1735, was
You may please to acquaint Mr. Nicholson that I have good
convenience for lodging his son in my House, that the terms
on which I take young men are eight guineas a year for lodging
and boarding, and four guineas a year for Learning, they find
their own Fire and Candle in their Rooms, and wash their own
wearing Linnen, That if they go through a whole course of
Mathematicks, as that obliges me to a particular attendance
when' their other Lectures are over, I have a distinct considera-
tion for that Branch of Instruction.
In forwarding Mr. Rotheram's letter, Mr. Blackstock
writes, " I doubt not but Cosen Samuel will like Kendall
well itt being a very wholesome Air," offers him a room
in his own house " and fare as I doe " if he does not like
being at Mr. Rotheram's, and in a postscript says, " if
either you or any of your friends wants any Kendall
stockines, cottons, ruggs, &c., none shall serve them
better than E. B."
At this period of his life Samuel Nicholson was not a
good correspondent. In one of his letters he says he is
at a loss what to write,
being diffident of my power to give you the least entertainment
and having no news at all. I shall then acquaint you with the
happiness I enjoyed j^esterday, in the company of the most
ingenious men in Westmoreland. I mean Mr. Rotheram and
one Justice Shepard the most accomplished gentleman, lawyer
and scholar in these parts. We were shooting all day for wood-
cocks and din'd with the Justice and were handsomelv enter-
•t
V
H
j 2
-4j
I 1 ^' L* ^ ^ ^ '^ ^
s^
s ^ •« ^ i v"^
^
X ^ '^S ^
•vl '^ i ^
^ > J • V 4 ^ x^ ^
§^^ C^.^ ^ -i; ^ <
>5 4 ^
^.
DR. ROTHERAM'S academy, I733-I752. 323
tained, and had the conversation that was to be expected from
men of parts, learning and knowledge of the world.
In a postscript he says, " I forgot to tell you that Mr.
Day* was with us a shooting."
Samuel was joined by a younger brother James, but
their stay at Kendal was interrupted by the deaths,
in February, 1735-6, of their father and mother. On
March 8th, 1735-6, Mr. Rotheram rendered his account
to Samuel Nicholson, preceding it by condolences, " I
have subjoyned," he says, " the acct. you desired, and
in the article relating to Mathematicks have charged you
as low, as I do any of those who continue with me four
years, which I desire you to accept as an instance of my
respect for you." The account is as follows : —
i s. d.
Your own Boarding and Education from Jan. 8th to
Feb. 15 I 5 10
For Mathematicks i i 00
For Bro. James whilst he was witli me o 15 0°
Magazine
3
0
I
0
10
6
3
2
4
Samuel Nicholson appHed to his old Tutor for advice
on the choice of a profession, and received the following
reply, which is equally pleasing from its frankness and
its kindness : —
Kendal May loth 1736.
Dear S'',
As the case in which you desire my sentiments is of great
Importance to you, I do not think proper to make you wait any
longer.
* Probably the Rev. James Daye, minister at Lancaster.
324 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Upon the observations I have made concerning your Genius
and Dispositions I should be exceeding glad to see you employed
in the Ministry ; and hope you would do good service and find
great Comfort in being so employ'd, but I freely own your voyce
was somewhat discouraging to me from the first Time I heard
it. If you have any Hope that you could surmount that dif-
ficulty, and attain a good Pronunciation, I would earnestly
recommend it to you, to pursue your design for the ministry ;
and I believe both Demosthenes and Tully laboured under greater
natural Imperfections in this Respect than you do : their success
in the attempt to remove this Impediment to publick speaking
(as related by Plutarch) may encourage you to attempt it :
But if upon Trial you have no hope to succeed in it, it would
I think be advisable that you should apply yourself to such
studies as are directly subservient to the practice of Physick,
for how well so ever a person may be quahfyed in other Respects,
if he be to speak much in publick, a good Pronunciation is
necessary to render him acceptable. I assure you of my hearty
Prayer for direction to make such a choice as may place you
in the most Comfortable and useful station in Life . . . My
dearest unites with me in the heartiest Respects to your self and
Mr. James.
Your Assured Friend and Servant
C. Rotheram.*
James Nicholson instead of returning to the Academy,
entered the eldest brother's warehouse and eventually
became a merchant. Samuel Nicholson returned to
Kendal, and was there in July, 1736. From one of the
family letters (31st July, 1736) it appears that at that
time Mr. Rotheram had had some intention of leaving
Kendal. The writer, John Nicholson, says " We hear Mr.
Rotheram stays at Kendall. Should be glad to know if
it be so or no."
The Nicholson letters do not give us at all a bad im-
pression of Rotheram in the capacity of a tutor.
George Benson, D.D., a distinguished divine, says :
Dr. Rotheram was a considerable scholar in many branches of
* Addressed " To Mr. Samuel Nicholson in Dale-Street in Leverpoole.
Free E.B."
DR. ROTHERAM's academy, 1733-I752. 325
literature. But he chiefly excelled in mathematics and natural
philosophy which he taught in Kendale for many years with
great reputation. He also kept an Academy in which he taught
the other branches of philosophy and divinity with great success.*
In the funeral sermon Daye says :
As a tutor, his capacity was equal to his depavtment. His public
spirit, desirous to propagate useful knowledge, and his tender
concern for the interests of young persons, inclined him to take
upon himself the direction of youthful studies, for which he was
excellently well qualified, and, therefore, incouraged by great
and good men, and chose, as the mean of carrying on their worthy
designs of inlarging useful knowledge, and propagating rational
and religious light among men. He was of a most communicative
temper, and his lectures were rather the open informations of
a friend, than the dictates of a master. As he was an impartial
lover of truth, he incouraged the most free and unbounded inquiry
after it, in every branch of science. To this may be chiefly
ascribed his great success in this undertaking ; which appears
from the number of those, who have been raised to a degree of
eminence among the dissenters, from the experience they derived
principally from him. Some of the greatest pleasures of my
life were those,' which my worthy tutor made me sensible of,
from the friendly assistance and incouragement he afforded me.
It is mostly to Dr. Rotheram, as the instrument of the blessing
of God, that I thus publickly own myself obliged, for any degree
of usefulness, as a minister of Christ.
It is difficult to reconcile the general consensus of
opinion as to the merits of Dr. Rotheram as a teacher
and the undoubted success of his Academy with the
comments made in a letter to a friend by George Walker
(afterwards F.R.S.) about the time he left Kendal, where
he studied from 1749 to 1751. Walker writes : — |
I will tell you of a piece of practical knowledge I have lately
gained. Our good academical tutor thought it not his duty
to instruct me in this or in any other kind of practice, but, as
some recompense for the sums he got from us, filled our brains
* Memoirs of Winder, p. 13.
t Essays on various subjects. By George Walker, F.R.S. 1809. i., xvii.
326 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
with a deal of line speculative knowledge, without once showing
the several useful and entertaining purposes, to which these
particular branches of learning were adapted. We have learnt
plane trigonometry, and to measure towers and castles upon
white paper, without knowing that a quadrant existed but by
name. We have learnt spherical trigonometry, without the
convenience of a globe, and with but a faint idea of the situation
of the several circles in the various positions of it. We have
read philosophy, without being assured that there was a planet
in the heavens, unless our faith were much greater than our
experience ; and lastly we have studied astronomy, without
the knowledge of one star in the firmament.
If the letter refers at all to Kendal, we can only assume
that the writer was in a jocular vein. But as it is not
dated and bears no address, it is possible that it refers
to one of the other places where Walker studied. It
appears that Walker returned home in 1751, and in the
interval between his return and the beginning of the
session at Edinburgh in November was under the care
of Hugh Moises, M.A.* Walker was only at Edinburgh
for one session and then removed to Glasgow. The letter
is more likely to refer to Edinburgh than to Kendal,
for it certainly implies that the writer, a boy of 17, was
well acquainted with what ought to be taught and where,
before he went to Kendal at 15, was he likely to have
been taught the sciences ?
Assuming that it does refer to Rotheram's Academy,
" May we not be permitted," says V. F.,|
to make some allowances for the flippancy of a youthful writer,
under the influence, perhaps, of some temporary pique, rather
than suffer it to have any effect in detracting from the well
earned reputation of so approved a teacher, both of theoretical
and practical mathematics, as Dr. Rotheram was universally
acknowledged to be ? His eminence in this particular depart-
ment of science caused the Academy at Kendal to be eagerly
* Monthly Repository, 1810, p. 475.
t Monthly Repository, 1810, p. 218. V. F. was the Rev. William Turner
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
DR. ROTHERAM'S academy, I733-I752. 327
resorted to, not only by students for the ministry, but by many
who were afterwards to fill various departments of civil and active
life. And the writer of this could easily show from a perusal of
papers in the Doctor's own handwriting, in his possession, that
he not only instructed his pupils in the theory of the mathematics
and natural philosophy, but also possessed the happy talent of
illustrating them with great success, by means of experiments
performed with an extensive, and, for that time, well constructed
apparatus.
Walker's remarks cannot outweigh the known facts
about the equipment of Dr. Rotheram's Academy for
the teaching of natural philosophy. We know from an
advertisement that Dr. Rotheram had an orrery and
an air pump, and it is scarcely conceivable that, having
such instruments, he should not also have had such
commonplace aids to study as a globe or a quadrant. As
a matter of fact, Dr. Rotheram possessed a " considerable
apparatus in mechanics and hydrostatics " which had
belonged to John Horsley, F.R.S.
On Horsley's death in 1731 his instruments were
purchased by Dr. Rotheram. They and others were
included in the instruments offered for sale in the
following advertisement and were purchased by a clergy-
man near Liverpool, by whom they were sold to the
Trustees of the Warrington Academy. When that
Academy was discontinued the instruments were trans-
ferred to the New College, Hackney, and in 1821 were
in Dr. Williams's Library, Red Cross Street.* We
have not been able to trace their later history, but we
are informed that they are no longer in Dr. Williams's
Library.
An advertisement in the Newcastle Journal of Novem-
ber nth, 1752, gives one a slight idea of the calibre of
the books in Dr. Rotheram's library, and mentions a
few scientific mstruments : —
* Hodgson's Northumberland, pt. 2, vol. 2, p. 444.
22Q THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
This day is published, A catalogue of the Library of the late
Rev. Dr. Rotheram of Kendal. Amongst which are,
Poli Synopsis, 5 torn. Harrington's Works
Clerici Comment. 6 torn. Bayle's Dictionary, 5 vols.
Bibliotheca Fratror. Polonor. Rapin's History, 2 vol.
8 torn.
Wallisii Opera, 3 tom. Locke's Works, 3 vol.
Buxtorfii Lexicon Chalda? Philosophical Trans, abridged,
7 vols.
Clarke's Works, 4 vols. Forster's Discourses, 2 vols.
Tillotson's Works Universal History, 20 vols.
Which will begin to be sold at Kendal (for ready money only, the
lowest prices fixed in the Catalogue) on Monday the nth of
December, 1752.
Catalogues may be had of Mr. Anthony Strickland, or Mr.
Ashburner, in Kendal, Dr. Rotheram in Hexham ; and of the
Booksellers in Newcastle, Durham, Darlington, Sunderland,
Alnwick, Berwick, Carlisle, Wigton, Cockermouth, ^^^litehaven,
Penrith, Lancaster, Preston, Wigan, Ormskirk, IManchester and
Liverpool.
Gentlemen by applying to Mr. Anthony Strickland, in Kendal,
may depend upon having their orders faithfully executed.
*^* The entire apparatus, belonging to the late Rev. Dr.
Rotheram, (amongst which are a neatly contrived and new
Orrery, a compleat Air-Pump, with Receivers, &c.) will be sold
upon very reasonable terms : The particulars may be viewed
at the House of Dr. Rotheram in Hexham, who will treat about
the same, and by whom Letters (post paid) will be duly answered.
It would have been interesting to have seen the
catalogue of Dr. Rotheram's library, but we have not
succeeded in discovering that a copy exists.
During Dr. Rotheram's illness his Academy was con-
ducted by his assistant, Richard Simpson, who is also
said to have continued it after Rotheram's death until
1753. The Presbyterian Fimd's students were removed
before the end of 1752, and it is probable that Mr.
Simpson merely continued the Academy until the
managers of the Fund and the parents of the students
had had time to make other arrangements.
DR. ROTHERAM'S academy, I733-I752. 329
The motto of Dr. Rotheram's Academy might well
have been " Civil and religious liberty," so frequently
is that phrase used in connection with its alumni. " Civil
liberty " imphed a general support of the Whig pohcy,
and the abolition of such statutes as still affected the
civil rights of Dissenters.
" Religious liberty " was the liberty of private judg-
ment unfettered by creeds imposed either by Church or
State. Arians as most of Rotheram's pupils were and
perhaps remained, some few of them were pioneers of
Unitarianism, and boldly advocated it at a time when
it was illegal to do so. Some, though they had not the
temerity to preach Unitarianism, carried their congre-
gations safely through the evangelical reaction, and left
them prepared to accept the ministrations of a Unitarian
successor. Others of Rotheram's pupils entered the Church
of England and formed part of the group of divines who
managed to combine the thirty-nine articles with
Unitarianism.
We know the names of very few of Dr. Rotheram's
lay pupils. They included John Wilkinson, who was
the greatest ironmaster of his century ; and James and
Robert Nicholson, Liverpool merchants, who were the
originators of the first alum and copperas works estab-
lished in Scotland.
In a later chapter we give a list of Rotheram's pupils
based on that published in the Monthly Repository for
1810 which is a list of divinity students only, though the
names of a few of the 120 laymen whom he educated are
mentioned on p. 477 of that volume. From various
sources we have been able to add a few others, and the
identifications have been revised throughout.
330
XXVII.
Supplies, 1752-1754.
TT7HEN Dr. Rotheram's illness caused him to visit
VV Hexham he left his Academy in the care of the
assistant tutor, the Rev. Richard Simpson, and it was
conducted by him for a short time after the Doctor's
death. It does not appear that Simpson had any con-
nection with the Chapel other than occasionally occupying
its pulpit. He had studied under Dr. Philip Doddridge
whose Academy at Northampton he entered in 1745.
He was for several years assistant to Dr. Rotheram
in his Academy, and in this case, as in several of the
other academies, the tutor and his assistant were appar-
ently of different schools of religious thought. Simpson's
posthumous work. Seven practical and expeyimental
discourses on the most important subjects, we are in-
formed, shows that he was " intensely evangelical,"*
which is confirmed by another writer, who says the
sermons are of " thoroughly evangelical doctrine." | The
list of Dr. Doddridge's pupils says that Simpson was in
Westmorland and afterwards at Warley.J Nightingale
suggests that the place was most likely to be Raven-
stonedale ; Dale and Crippen§ suggest that he " may
have gone thence to Stainton, near Kendal, from which
place he removed about 1763 to Warley";|| while Mr.
Colligan states definitely that a person of this name
was at Stainton from 1749 (?) — 1763. We have no
* Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 97.
t Turner's Halifax Books and Authors, p. loi.
% Monthly Repository, x., 687.
§ Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 97.
II Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 219.
SUPPLIES, I752-I754. 331
direct evidence that Simpson was ever settled at either
Ravenstonedale or Stainton, and the remark in the hst
of pupils may be merely a reference to his work at
Kendal. One baptism by the " Revd. Mr. Simpson "
is entered in the Chapel register 6th November, 1755,
and three on 25th April, 1756, these being our only notes
of his existence from the closing of the Academy until
his appointment to Warley. In August, 1764, he succeeded
William Graham, a Unitarian, as minister of the Presby-
terian (now Congregational) Chapel at Warley, near
Halifax, and remained there until his death in 1795 or
1796.* He was buried at Warley.
Mr. Turnerf says that Simpson " walked annually to
Westmoreland and enjoyed perfect health until very
advanced age."
Besides Mr. Simpson several other ministers are named
in the Chapel register as having baptized one or more
children. From 5th April, 1752, to 25th April, 1756,
there were only sixteen baptisms, and the number of
ministers who baptized the children suggests that ser-
vices at the Chapel were conducted by the neighbouring
ministers, some of whom may have been candidates for
the vacant pulpit. Mr. Daye of Lancaster, who baptized
two children in July, 1752, was educated by Dr. Rotheram,
and a notice of him appears in the list of Rotheram' s
pupils ; Mr. Dickenson, minister of Penruddock, baptized
a child in 1753 ; the Rev. Mr. Richie, who also baptized
a child in 1753, was James Ritchie sometime of Raven-
stonedale, with whose Calvinistic people he had a long
and successful lawsuit.
* The date of Mr. Simpson's death and his age are given differently by
the authorities. According to Turner's Halifax Books and Authors (p. loi)
he died in February, 1796, aged 78. Miall gives the date of deatli as 1795
and the age as 85, while the Rev. Jas. Moncrieff, the present pastor of Warley,
informs us that " he died in 1795 on Dec. 23rd in the 72nd year of his age."
The gravestone which would probably have settled both points is, Mr.
Moncrieff informs us, not now accessible, as the organ is built over it.
■\ Halifax Books and Authors, p. loi.
332 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
John Houghton appears to have served the Kendal
congregation in the capacity of a temporary minister,
" a warming pan," if such a being is possible in Dissenting
churches. Joseph Hunter* says that " in the interval
between the two Rotherams, about 2| years, — Houghton
was much at Kendal as I find by a letter of the younger
Caleb written in Aug. 1753 from Daventry." Con-
temporary evidence is found in the Minutes of the
Presbyterian Fund, 8th April, 1754 (v. 57), when " a
letter from Mr. Leechman, Professor of Divinity at
Glasgow, to Dr. Benson was read giving a satisfactory
account of Mr. James Wood, Mr. Newcomb Cappe, Mr.
James Garner and Mr. John Houghton, the last of whom
is removed to Kendal."
John Houghton was born at Liverpool about 1730, and
went to Dr. Doddridge's Academy in 1747.! On the
Doctor's death he removed to Glasgow University,
which he appears to have left in 1753 or 1754 to try his
prentice hand as a minister at Kendal. So slight was his
connection with the place that his ministry there has
escaped the notice of his biographers, and is not men-
tioned in the life prefixed to his son's Sermons. From
Kendal he went to Piatt and was apparently minister
there in 1755 when he married Mary, daughter of
William Pendlebury,^ of Leeds, previously minister of
Kendal. ' In 1756 he removed to Hyde Chapel, Gee
Cross, in 1761 to Nantwich, in 1771 to EUand, and in
1782 to Wem. In 1788 he retired from the ministry
and joined his son, the Rev. Pendlebury Houghton,
minister at Norwich, in conducting a classical school at
Norwich. He was " esteemed a sound scholar, as he
certainly was a severe disciplinarian." §
* Add. MSS., 24484, fo. 232.
t Monthly Repository, x., 687.
t John Houghton of Fallowfield, Dissenting minister, and Mary Pendlebury
of Manchester, married 24th June, 1755 (Manchester Registers).
§ Taylor's Octagon Chapel, Norwich, p. 54.
SUPPLIES, 1752-1754. 333
While at Hyde Houghton had conducted a schooL* It
is probable that he was more successful as a schoolmaster
than as a minister. It is recorded that few communicants
were added during his ministry at Hyde. The Rev.
James Brooks, a successor at Hyde Chapel, has recordedj
" that previous to leaving he had for a time much mental
anxiety owing to his unwillingness to distress the feelings
of the good people by mentioning his intention to leave.
At last he mustered courage, and said to one of his
hearers — ' Jonathan, I am very sorry to inform you
that I am leaving you.' The answer was — ' Well, sir,
then I reckon we must get another.' Mr. Houghton,
calling on another of his hearers, said, ' If I thought that
all the congregation were as indifferent to me as Jonathan
Rowbuck I would not stop at Hyde another day.'
Mrs. Houghton died at Norwich 29th March, 1790,
and a few months later the " Revd. John Houghton of
Norwich married Augt. 3 1790 to Mrs. Eliz. Reddy at
Yarmouth. He 60, she abt 40 yrs. old.":}:
John Houghton died i6th May, 1800, aged 69, and
was buried at the Octagon Chapel, Norwich.
* Whitworth's Manchester Advertizer, October 3-ioth, 1758, p. 3.
t Middleton's Hyde Chapel, p. 14.
% Nonconformist Register, pp. 337, 232.
334
XXVIII.
Caleb Rotheram, the younger. 1754-1796.
AFTER an interval of over two years the Chapel again
had a settled minister in the person of Caleb
Rotheram, son of Dr. Rotheram, who became minister
probably towards the end of 1754. He was a native of
Kendal, having been born there on November 21st,
1732,* and his baptism is recorded in the Chapel registers
as having taken place December 6th in the same year.
He is said, in the list of Dr. Rotheram's pupils,! to
have entered his father's Academy in 1748. But it was
some years later that he received a student's grant from
the Presbyterian Fund, the " case of Mr. Caleb Rotheram's
being admitted to an allowance as a student with his
father," being first considered by the Board on 2nd
December, 1751,+ and on 6th January, 1751-2, it was
" agreed that Mr. Caleb Rotheram be allowed 81. a year
as a student with his father at Kendal, to commence
from Midsummer last, as one of the four extraordinary
students." §
On 2nd October, 1752, he was one of the students
" lately under the care of Dr. Rotheram deceased "
whom the Board " desired to remove to Mr. Caleb
Ash worth at Daventry," and to whom was granted ;;^io
a year. || On 4th December, 1752, Dr. Benson reported
that Rotheram and the others were " now ready to go
to Mr. Ash worth," and he was directed to " write to
* The date of his birth has erroneously been given as ist November, 1736.
t Monthly Repository, 1810.
t Presbyterian Fund Minutes, iv., 81.
§ Presbyterian Fund Minutes, v., i.
II Presbyterian Fund Minutes, v., 21.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, 1754-1796. 335
them to go as soon as may be to Daventry." At Daventry
Rotheram was a fellow student with Joseph Priestley,
who mentions him as one of the " particular friends " at
the Academy, with whom in after years he kept up more
or less of a correspondence and friendship with whom was
terminated only by death of those who were dead, " and
I hope it will subsist to the same period with those who
now survive," the latter number including Rotheram.
As Caleb Rotheram, junior, was the first of the Kendal
ministers who became a Unitarian in the modern accepta-
tion of the word, it is interesting to read what Priestley
says of the Academy where he and Rotheram were
educated. In his Memoirs,^ written about 1795, Dr.
Priestley says : —
In my time, the academy was in a state peculiarly favourable
to the serious pursuit of truth, as the students were about equally
divided upon every question of much importance, such as
Liberty and Necessity, the sleep of the soul, and all the articles
of theological orthodoxy and heresy ; in consequence of which,
all these topics were the subject of continual discussion. Our
tutors also were of different opinions ; Dr. Ashworth taking
the orthodox side of every question, and Mr. Clark, | the sub-
tutor, that of heresy, though always with the greatest modesty.
We were permitted to ask whatever questions, and to
make whatever remarks, we pleased ; and we did it with the
greatest, but without any offensive, freedom. The general plan
of our studies, which may be seen in Dr. Doddridge's published
lectures, was exceedingly favourable to free inquiry, as we were
referred to authors on both sides of every question, and were
even required to give an account of them . . . Notwith-
standing the great freedom of our speculations and debates, the
extreme of heresy among us was Arianism ; and all of us, I
believe, left the academy with a belief, more or less qualified, of
the doctrine of atonement.
Rotheram completed his course at Daventry at Mid-
summer, 1754. In a letter read before the Presbyterian
* 1809 edition, p. 15.
t This was Samuel Clark, afterwards minister of Birmingham Old Meeting.
336 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Fund Board on 2nd December, 1754, Dr. Ashworth
mentions that at Midsummer five students left him, of
whom " Mr. Rotheram remov'd to Dr. Benson."* Dr.
Benson was undoubtedly an unorthodox man, and we
may presume that young Rotheram studied with him
for a short time.
It would probably be at Christmas, 1754, that Caleb
Rotheram, junior, succeeded his father as minister at
Kendal, and when the Kendal congregation obtained the
minister for the completion of whose education they seem
to have kept the pulpit vacant. Rotheram was certainly
minister before 3rd March, 1755, at which date the
Presbyterian Fund granted him ^5 as an extraordinary
supply, t
In August, 1755, a new trust deed was made. By it
the Chapel property was transferred by the surviving
trustees under the 1737 trust, namely, Edward Holme,
Myles Harrison, Benjamin Wilson, and John Strickland
to new trustees, George Carlyle, M.D., Thomas Dodgson,
mercer, Richard Harrison, tanner, Thomas Gibson, the
elder, tanner, Benjamin Atkinson, shearman, George
Birkett, shearman, and William Strickland, pewterer, all
of Kendal.
In the same year, on 24th September, Rotheram
married Dorothy, daughter of John Markett, of Meopham,
Kent, gentleman.^ The marriage, no doubt, took place
in the South of England, but the husband did not waste
much time on his honeymoon. On the 29th of September
he despatched a trunk containing his and his wife's
luggage to Liverpool by sea, the happy couple doubtless
travelling by a more expeditious route. On the 8th of
October the trunk arrived at Liverpool and was there
shipped in the " Fair Chance," Benjamin Clark master.
* Minutes, v., 71.
t Minutes, v., 76.
t Kendal Chapel Register, 1770.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, 1754-I796. 337
for Milnthorp, directed to Mr. Anthony Strickland in
Kendal. The merchant or shipper to whom it had been
sent in Liverpool was Robert Nicholson, a former pupil
of Dr. Rotheram's, and therefore no doubt an old friend
of the son's, and sufficiently well acquainted with the
family to call the daughter " Sah." The weight of the
trunk was 2 cwt. 3 qrs. 141b., and at the rate of id. per
lb. the charge was £1 6s. lod., with an additional fourpence
for " cartage on board the ship." Which particulars,
unimportant as they are, have come down to us in a
letter book in which Mr. Nicholson copied his corres-
pondence.
It is to be hoped that in reviewing his financial
position prior to marriage Rotheram had not depended
to any great extent on the continuance of the annual
grant which the Presbyterian Fund had, for half a
century, made to the Kendal ministers. On 6th October,
1755, on the motion of Dr. Benson, the Board had " agreed
that the allowance to Kendall be continued to Mr. Caleb
Rotheram to commence from Christmas next," but at
the next meeting, loth November, 1755, on the minutes
being read, " there being some objection with regard
to Kendal, it was ordered that the further consideration
of that place be postponed till some account be given
of the circumstances of that congregation." The further
consideration took place on 4th June, 1759, when it
was agreed " that the allowance of seven pounds a year
formerly granted to Kendal in Westmorland, be with-
drawn, as raising more than £30 a year."* The grant
had been paid regularly to Midsummer, 1752. One
would think that the grant might well have been with-
drawn much earlier, and it was probably to encourage
Dr. Rotheram as a tutor that the step was not taken
sooner. The loss of the grant of £y does not seem a
* Minutes, v., 84, 85, 139, 160.
338 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
very serious one, and its discontinuance gave Kendal the
honourable status of a self-supporting congregation.
Rotheram, whose ministry was the longest in the
history of the chapel, was ordained on 26th August,
1756. The " Record of Transactions in the Provincial
Meeting of the Ministers of the Protestant Dissenting
Congregations in Cumberland " contains a full account
of the ceremony.*
At Keswick April 21st 1756.
Members as above (referring to the record of the transactions
of the preceding day, April 20th, in the same place, where the
following persons are mentioned as present, Messrs. Jolly, Buncle,
Dean, Saunders, Biggar, Robison, Corrie, Johnstone, — with Mr.
Caleb Rotheram from Kendal, and Mr. James McMillen from
Great Salkeld and Plumpton) with Mr. Thomson.
Mr. Simon Corrie preached this day, according to appointment,
on 2 Timothy 2 and 15 v. ; Study to shew thyself appro\-ed unto
God &c.
Mr. Buncle represented that he had good authority to say
that it was the desire of the congregation at Kendal (who have
made an unanimous choice of Mr. Caleb Rotheram, son to the
deceased Doctor Rotheram Minister there, to be Minister there)
to be ordained Minister among them, and the said Mr. Rotheram
now present, having produced Testimonial, which was read, and
with which the Provincial declare their satisfaction, both as to
his learning and good moral character, for the Ministry, declared
his willingness to accept of the said charge, and is willing to refer
his Ordination to the judgment of the Provincial, onlv beg'd
leave humbly to offer, if agreeable to the Provincial, that the
Revd. Mr. Samuel Lowthian, at Newcastle, may be allowed to
preach the sermon on that occasion. He being reinoved, and
the same taken under consideration — the said proposal and
request was in every part of it, agreed to by this Meeting, and that
the said Ordination shall be at Kendal on the twentieth and sixth
day of August next, of which Mr. Rotheram is to acquaint the
said Mr. Lowthian and appoint the said Mr. Rotheram the
following pieces of Tryall — the following subject for Thesis — An
Status future Retributionis, sine ope Divina> Revelationis,
stabilivi possit ? And for Sermon, John 5. 44. How can ye
* From a copy in the possession of the Trustees.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, 1754-1796. 339
believe which receive honour one of another, and seek not the
honour that cometh from God. Ordered also that he exhibit
a confession of his faith, and answer such questions as are usually-
proposed on such occasions.
Mr Dean is appointed to give the Charge
Mr. Jolly to propose the Questions.
Mr. Robison to pray over the Candidate.
Mr. Buncle, the Prayer immediately before Sermon.
Mr. Saunders to support Mr. Dean.
Mr. Biggar to support Mr. Jolly.
Mr. Buncle to support Mr. Robison and
Mr. Johnstone to support Mr. Buncle for the long Prayer,
or prayer immediately before Sermon.
Mr. Rotheram being called in the whole premises were intimated
to him.
Kendal August 25, 1756.
Members of the Provincial now present are, Messrs. Jolly,
Buncle, Dean, Saunders, Biggar, Smith, Rotheram, with Mr. Day
of Lancaster, and Mr. Lowthian of Newcastle — Absent Mr.
Robison, Corrie, Johnstone, Thomson and McMillan. Penruddock
still vacant. Mr. Rotheram being enquired if he was now ready
to deliver the Exercises appointed to him, viz, His Thesis, An
Status futurjc Retributionis, sine ope Divinae Revelationis,
stabilivi possit, And for sermon Jo. 5. 44. How can ye believe,
who receive honour one of another, and seek not the honour
which cometh from God ? Declar'd he was now ready, and he
delivered them accordingly and also exhibited a Confession of
his faith. And he being removed, and the opinion of all present
asked with respect to the said discourses and Confession, all
unanimously declared their satisfaction with the said discourses
and Confession.
He was called in, and the same intimated to him accordingly
And then the said Mr. Rotheram gave in a petition from the
members of his Congregation, Humbly desiring the Provincial
to proceed to Ordain the said Mr. Rotheram to the Ministry
among them, and the Provincial agreed to proceed according!)- ;
the said Mr. Rotheram having declared his readiness to submit
to them.
Mr. Smith is appointed to open the service, and to read some
portions of Scripture suited to the occasion And in regard Mr.
Robison, who was appointed to pray over the Candidate, is not
come up, therefore, at the desire of Mr. Buncle his supporter,
and of the Ministers present, Mr. Day agreed to take that part.
340 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Mr. Buncle is to pray the Long prayer.
Mr. Lowthian to preach.
Mr. Jolly to put the questions to Mr. Rotheram.
And the said Mr. Rotheram to read publicly his Confession.
And Mr. Dean to give the charge and conclude the service
with prayer.
Kendal August 26 1756.
Members present as yesternight, and the Congregation being
met ; the persons above mentioned performed their several
parts, according to appointment. And the said Mr. Caleb
Rotheram was set apart to the sacred office of the Ministry by
prayer, and the lajdng on of the hands of the Ministers present —
And
After public worship there was given the said Mr. Rotheram a
Testimonial of his said Ordination, signed by the Ministers
present, Members of the Provincial, and by the above Messieurs
Day and Lowthian.
A comparison of the names of the ministers present
at the meeting at which Rotheram's ordination was
decided upon, and those present at the ordination,
suggests that some of his fellow ministers did not approve
of the ordination. If this were so, it could only have
been because Rotheram was known or suspected to be
" unsound " from the orthodox point of view.
So far as we can find the theological sentiments of the
ministers who took part in the ordination, three (Thomas
Jollie of Cockermouth, James Daye of Lancaster, and
Samuel Lowthion of Newcastle) were unorthodox, three
(Adam Dean of Huddlesceugh, Edward Buncle of Penrith,
and Thomas Smith of Alston Moor) were orthodox, and
of one (James Saunders of Blennerhasset) we know
nothing. All the ministers who were present at the first
meeting, but did not take part in the ordination, were,
with one exception, probably orthodox. The exception
was Isaac Robinson of Carlisle. He was a pupil of Dr.
Rotheram's and a personal friend of the family, and his
absence was probably unavoidable. Mr. Thomson, who
was present at the first meeting, has not been identified.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 34I
It may be that he was a layman present to represent the
Kendal congregation. If so he would be the first John
Thomson, whose daughter became Rotheram's second
wife.
The evidence available does not make it at all clear
that the abstentions were due to theological differences.
One result of Rotheram's ordination was the resump-
tion, on 2ist November, 1756, of the quarterly adminis-
tration of the sacrament, which had apparently been
discontinued for twelve years.*
In 1758 Psalm books for the chapel and five dozen
copies of Mr. Milner's Catechism were purchased.
In 1759 5s. lod. was paid to Mr. Strickland for " com-
munion plates, &c."
In 1759 Mrs. Hannah Gawthrop's legacy of ;^5 was
received. Mrs. Gawthrop (the " Mrs." was an honorary
title then bestowed on all ladies of good position, and
did not necessarily imply marriage) was the sister of a
trustee and a member of a family long connected with
the Chapel. She was born 30th October, 1696. Her
will is interesting, for it contains one of the old-fashioned
preambles from which it is possible to get an idea of the
religious belief of the testator. She says,
I being at this time of sound and perfect mind and memory
praised be Almighty God therefore yet considering the certainty
of death and the uncertainty of the time and the manner thereof,
do for the settUng my temporal concerns make . . . this my
last will and testament as ensueth first committing my soul into
the mercyful hand of Almighty God my Creator, and my body
to the Earth to be decently interr'd at the discretion of my
executor.
This is a preamble which might be made, as we believe
this one was, by a disbeliever in the Trinity, and it may
be compared with a contemporary orthodox preamble
from the almost contemporary will, dated 1743, of a
* Chapel Register (Somerset House).
342 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
kinsman of Dr. Rotheram, namely John Rotheram of
Great Salkeld, yeoman, which begins " I give and bequeath
my soul to the Lord my maker and Redeemer hoping
only for Salvation in and through the merits of my Dear
Redeemer." Mrs. Gawthrop's legacy to the Chapel is
as follows : —
Also I hereby give and bequeath to Thomas Dodgson mercer
Richard Harrison tanner, Thomas Gibson weaver WiUiam
Gawthrop tanner George Birket shearman and WiUiam Strick-
land pewterer all of Kirkby Kendal aforesaid Trustees of the
Meeting of Protestant Dissenters (called Presbyterians) within
Kirkby in Kendal aforesaid and their successors, Trustees thereof
for the time being the sum of five pounds upon Trust neverthe-
less, that they the said Trustees and their successors shall and
do from time to time place at interest the same, and pay apply
and dispose of the interest arising therefrom to and for the use
of the Minister of the said People or Meeting for the time being.
Mrs. Gawthrop died 14th December, 1758, aged 62.
In 1761 the congregation collected £1 5s. on a petition
from Halt whistle in Northumberland, and in 1772 £1 lis.
io|d. was coUected for " the society of protestant dis-
senters at Haltwhistle to assist them in the purchase of
a field."*
In 1763 there occurred what has been supposed to be
a secession of orthodox Presbyterians from the Market
Place Chapel.
The earliest account of this secession is that of Joseph
Hunter, I who says, on the authority of " Thompson's
note in 1773," that " about 1766 a congregation of
Scotch Seceders and a few English Calvinists formed
themselves into a society, and invited a Mr. Macquay
from Scotland who was ordained among them. In the
course of a few years Mr. Macquay was suspected of not
being perfectly orthodox and quarrelled with them. He
' Chapel Register.
■Add. MSS., 24484, fo. 232.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 343
removed to Tockholes in Lancashire or near it and they
had no other minister."
Considerably later, but with more precision as to the
date, is the account by the Rev. John Inghs,* who, after
referring to the doctrinal changes at the Market Place
Chapel, says : —
While these changes were in progress, thirty-one persons in
and about Kendal, who styled themselves " Seceders and others,
well-wishers to the cause of Truth and Reformation," presented
a petition to the Associate (Anti- Burger) Presbytery of Edinburgh,
dated April, 1763, praying that ministers might be sent from
Scotland to preach the Gospel.
Nightingale I follows this account, and adds " The
petitioners, . . . had formerly attended the old
chapel in the Market Place, but on the appearance of
Unitarianism they seceded, and took the course just
indicated."
The Rev. Marshall X. G. GrayJ says : —
During this period the character of the teaching in the Meeting
House was undergoing a change, and [the younger] Rotheram,
by his Arian views, was preparing the way for the frank Uni-
tarianism which invaded the pulpit in the Market Place in later
years. ... In April, 1763, thirty-one of the more orthodox
members seceded, and presented a petition to the Edinburgh
Presbytery of the General Associate Synod — one of the branches
of the Secession Church — praying that preachers might be sent
to Kendal.
Of these different accounts the earliest appears to be
nearest the truth. The petitioners of 1763 were Seceders,
but not many of them could have been members of the
Market Place Chapel. All the word " Seceders " meant
was that its bearers were members of one of the Scotch
Secession churches. There have always been many
* Reminiscences of the United Presbyterian Church of Kendal, 1865, p. 6.
t Lancashire Nonconformity, i., 284.
X Presbyterianism in Kendal, p. 14.
344 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Scotch people in Kendal, perhaps these " Seceders " had
tried Rotheram's preaching and found it wanting in the
doctrines which, to the Scotch Seceders, were essentials
of Christianity ; but it is almost certain that few, if any,
of the petitioners of 1763 were or had been members of
the Market Place Chapel.
Unfortunately there is no Chapel minute book for
this period, but there is another document which would
undoubtedly have shown immediately the loss of so
large a portion of the congregation as thirty-one members.
This is the register of baptisms, which shows that in
the three years before 1763 twenty-three children were
baptized, while in the same number of years after 1763
twenty-five children were baptized. There is in these
figures nothing to suggest that the founders of Scotch
Presbyterianism in Kendal had seceded from Rotheram's
congregation.
Had we the names of the petitioners we should probably
be able to say which, if any, had been connected with
the Market Place Chapel. Failing the names we can
only say that we have no evidence that the petitioners
of 1763 were members of Mr. Rotheram's congregation.*
As the result of the petition of 1763 a minister was
appointed, and in 1764 was succeeded by the Rev. James
McQuhae, who, about 1772, was censured by the Synod
for taking part in the ordination of a minister belonging
to another Church. Whereupon the minister rebelled,
turned Independent, and with the bulk of his congre-
gation was compelled to leave the chapel. McOuhae
and his followers founded the Congregational Church in
Kendal. The Scotch Presbyterian minority remained in
possession of the chapel, but with insufficient members
* The Rev. Robert Gray, Clerk of the Edinburgh Presbytery of the United
Free Cliurch of Scotland, the successor of the Presbytery to which the Kendal
" Seceders " petitioned in 1763, kindly made a search for the records of the
Presbytery for that year, but without result. These should have given the
petitioners' names.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, 1754-1796. 345
to pay a minister's stipend, and from 1780 to 1823 t'he
Seceders' church was in a state of suspended animation.
In 1823 the cause was revived and flourished until 1843,
when the Synod deposed the minister for holding " New
Views " on the Atonement. As in 1772, the Synod's
interference was followed by the secession of the bulk
of the members, who formed another Congregational
Church. The Church is now prosperous, having nearly
as many members as it had before the split of 1843,*
and is now part of the Presbyterian Church of England.
If the Scotch Presbyterian Church was truly a split
from the Market Place congregation, the latter seems to
have been strengthened by the secession. A time of
considerable activity followed, and as a minute book of
the period has been preserved, we are able to give parti-
culars. In January, 1764, a subscription was raised to
pay off the mortgage on the Parsonage House in Finkle
Street, then occupied by Mr. Isaac Steele. The mortgage,
with interest, was but ;^74 9s. 3s., and was held by Mrs.
Sarah Whitehead, sister of the minister. Sufficient was
raised not only to discharge the mortgage but to leave
a balance for the repair of the Chapel. The subscription
list is of interest as showing the principal people interested
in the Chapel at that time : —
A copy of subscriptions for discharging the mortgage on the
Parsonage House and for repairing tlie Presbyterian Cliapel,
Kendal.
i s. d.
Josiah Sliaw of Cheapside, London . . . . . . 20 o o
C. Rotheram . . . . . . . . . . ..1000
Thomas Gibson .. .. .. .. .. ..1000
Samuel Gowthrop .. .. .. .. ..1000
John Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 o o
* Reminiscences of the United Presbyterian Church of Kendal for one hundred
years, edited by John Inglis, 1866 ; and Presbyterianism in Kendal : a historical
sketch, by Rev. Marshall N. G. Gray, M.A., 1908. Both tell the story of
orthodox Presbyterianism in Kendal.
H6
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Anthony. Strickland
Thomas Dodgson . .
WiUiam Gowthorp
George Birkett
James Wilson
Sharnall Sturman
James Patrick
Thomas Harrison
Matthew Whitaker
Richard Wilson . .
William Strickland
Thomas Holme junr.
Catherine Hardy
Eliz. Atkinson
Ellen Thirnbeck . .
• £^o
o
o
lO
o
o
5
o
o
2
lO
o
2
lO
o
2
2
o
2
2
o
o
o
o
o
o
O
ID
6
O
lO
6
o
7
6
loo 17 6
The mortgage was paid off on 8th February, 1765. On
nth November, 1765, Mr. Josiah Shaw,* of Cheapside,
London, whose name occurs as the largest subscriber in
the Hst just given, gave another £20 to be placed at
interest to pay the produce thereof to the minister of the
Presbyterian Chapel in or near the Market Place in
Kendal until a Parsonage House shall or may be built or
purchased for the use of the said minister, and then the
said sum to be applied to that purpose. This gift was lent
to Mr. Rotheram. In 1778 it was repaid by him and
devoted to the purchase of the Lord's rent on Ralphford
Hall.
It is curious that in February a subscription should
have been made for discharging the mortgage on the
Parsonage House, and that in November Mr. Shaw should
have given money the interest of which was to be paid
to the minister until a Parsonage House was built. We
* Josiah Shaw, who was a hosier, died 2nd December, 1765, and was buried
in tlie Chapel yard. It is evident tliat he must liave died at or near Kendal,
wliere he was perhaps on a visit. He was a native of Kendal, liaving been
born there 26th April, 1714, and was baptized the same day at the Chapel.
His brother, James Shaw, lived in Kirkland.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-1796. 347
can only conclude that the Parsonage in Finkle Street
was no longer considered suitable for the purpose of a
minister's house.
In 1767 the waste lands of Kendal were inclosed by
Act of Parliament, but instead of becoming the property
of adjoining landowners the inclosure was for the " benefit
of the poor, and for enlightening and cleansing the
streets." If the inclosure had been administered by the
Corporation the Dissenters could have had no share in
its management ; but a separate trust, the Kendal Fell
Trust, was established. Several Dissenters were elected
to the trust, and at the first meeting of the Trustees,
held 15th July, 1767, a Dissenter, Thomas Holme, junior,
was elected Clerk, which office he held until his death
in 1801.
At the Parliamentary election of 1768 Mr. Rotheram's
name occurs in the list of freeholders as voting for John
Robinson, Esq., and Thomas Fenwick, Esq. In 1770
Mrs. Rotheram died. The Newcastle Journal of October
6th gave a notice of her which is too characteristic of the
newspaper obituary of the period to be omitted : —
From a Correspondent. On Friday the 28th ult. died at Kendal,
greatly and deservedly lamented, the Lady of the Rev. Mr.
Rotheram, dissenting minister of that place ; whose christian,
social and conjugal virtues rendered her life a blessing to herself
and all around her. Her fidelity to private connections, the
sincerity of her friendship, and the simplicity and strict integrity
of her manners, were accompanied with a true and unaffected
politeness which precluded all austerity of behaviour. Her con-
versation was adorned by good sense, and enlivened by a most
agreeable chearfulness. And whilst the propriety of her conduct
commanded the good opinion of the judicious ; her amiable
deportment engaged the affections of all.
In the year in which his wife died Rotheram was
corresponding with the Ven. Francis Blackburne, who,
though an Archdeacon in the Established Church, had
348 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
adopted and was advocating Unitarian opinions.
Rotheram suggested that it was the Archdeacon's duty
to leave the Church, and two letters have been printed*
in which the Archdeacon gives his reasons for not doing so.
The state of the congregation in 1773 is given in
Hunter's MS. if " The number of Dissenters at Kendal
is nearly the same as it hath been for half a century
past, viz. about 200, respectable for their fortune, character,
and regard for the interests of religious liberty." That
this was not merely flattery is shown by two collections
in this year for other societies of Protestant Dissenters,
£S 2s. 3d. being raised for Weardale and £^ 17s. 6d. for
Hindley and Wigan.J
In 1774 Mr. Rotheram preached at the opening of a
newly-built Dissenting Chapel at Wigton.§ The other
ministers who took part in the ceremony were Mr.
Robinson 1 1 of Kirkland, near Wigton, and Mr. Miln of
Carlisle.
In 1777 Nicolson and Burn published their great
history, and referred to the Chapel thus, " There is also
in this town a presbyterian dissenting meeting-house,
with other meeting-houses of different denominations."^
An important addition to the endowment of the Chapel
was made in 1777 when Mr. Thomas Gibson conveyed
to Mr. Rotheram his house in Stramongate, called Ralph-
ford Hall, in consideration of the sum of los. and an
annuity of ;{i6 to Mr. Gibson and his wife. On 6th June,
* Blackburne's Works, i., xlix.
tAdd. MSS., 24484, fo. 232.
$ Chapel Register.
§ Cumberland Pacquct, October, 1774.
II The Rev. Anthony Robinson of Kirkland was a Baptist minister and
author of " A short history of the persecutions of Christianity," Carlisle,
1792. Mr. Miln of Carlisle was minister of the now defunct Protestant Dis-
senters' congregation, and was probably not orthodox. Of the history of
the chapel at Wigton we know nothing. We have no reason to suppose that
it was Unitarian, the only Wigton chapel we can hear of being one which,
we are informed by the Rev. J. H. Colligan, was founded by the Secession
Church of Scotland.
*\ History, i., 80.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 349
1777, Rotheram conveyed the property to trustees to
pay the annuity already mentioned, and a guinea a year
to Sandes's Hospital, and after deducting the taxes,
assessments, and expenses of repairs to pay the remainder
of the moneys arising out of the property to the minister
of the Chapel. The trustees had power to add any part
of the gardens or crofts to the chapel yard. Doubts
having arisen as to the legality of the benefaction, coun-
sel's opinion was taken. The counsel advised that the
gift was invalid because the sum of los. was not a sufficient
consideration bona-fide, and because the Mortmain Act
required gifts of this kind to take place immediately
without any reserve to the giver. The difficulty was
overcome by Mr. Gibson generously transferring the
property to the trustees without reserving any annuity
to himself or his wife, and his deed to this effect was
immediately enrolled in the Court of Chancery as the
Mortmain Act required. At the same time, to prevent
any claim from the Lord or the heir-at-law in case Mr.
Gibson should die within a year after conveying the
premises, the Lord's rent of 19s. due to Christopher
Wilson was purchased for £28, by which means the tenure
was altered from burgage to freehold, and the possession
secured. The trustees of Ralphford Hall obtained part
of the purchase money of the Lord's rent by borrowing
Josiah Shaw's gift of £20, the loan to be repaid whenever
it should be demanded for the use of the minister or for
the purpose of building or purchasing a parsonage house
according to Josiah Shaw's intention. In 1780 the
parsonage house, so long foreseen by Josiah Shaw, was
ordered to be erected. At a meeting of the minister
and members of the congregation of Protestant Dissenters,
held on May 14th, 1780, it was ordered that the Trustees
of the Chapel estates should as soon as conveniently
may be, " cause the old shops and warehouses at the
East end of the Market Place in Kendal, being now
350 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
ruinous, to be taken down, and a dwelling house with
proper offices and conveniences for the residence of the
present and succeeding ministers to be built on the ground
where the said shops and warehouses now stand," and they
were authorized to borrow on mortgage not more than
£300 to defray the expenses. The resolution was signed
by twenty-six persons.
In 1777 a collection, amounting to £4 i6s. 6|d., was
made for the building of a Protestant Dissenting Meeting
House at Maryport.*
An interesting episode in 1781 connects Mr. Rotheram
and Kendal Chapel with the beginnings of Unitarianism
in Scotland. William Christie, of Montrose, had become
a Unitarian, and had to undergo the social persecution
which was the lot of all the very few persons who at
that time in Scotland openly renounced Trinitarianism.
So unpopular did Christie find himself that he did not
suppose that any Scottish clergyman would baptize his
children. Dr. Priestley, to whom Christie had written
on the subject, arranged that his friend, Mr. Rotheram,
should baptize the children, and the Kendal minister
made a journey to Montrose, at Mr. Christie's expense,
and performed the rite, j There is a record of the baptisms
in the Chapel register. Mr. Christie afterwards founded
at Montrose the first Unitarian congregation in Scotland
and became its minister. It is probable that Mr.
Rotheram was the first Unitarian minister to officiate
in Scotland. Some years afterwards, in 1783, Mr.
Christie repaid the visit by calling on Mr. Rotheram,
whom he described as "an amiable and deserving
person " in Kendal. J
The parsonage was probably completed in I78i,§ and
in 1782 new trustees were appointed not only for the
* Chapel Register.
t Dictionary of National Biography, Article, Christie, Wm.
% Monthly Repository, vi., 129.
§ Nightingale gives the date 1777.
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL, ENTRANCE
AND OLD PARSONAGE.
FACE P. 350.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 35 1
chapel but for the other trusts. The surviving trustees
of the meeting house under the trust deed of 1755 were
Dr. George Carlyle, who was disquahfied by having
removed to Carhsle ; Wilham Gowthrop of Kendal,
tanner ; and William Strickland of Kendal, pewterer.
Their successors in the trust were James Ainslie, doctor
of physic ; James Wilson, shearman ; Thomas Holme,
mercer ; John Thomson, the younger, merchant ; Isaac
Steele, dyer ; Samuel Gowthrop, the younger, hosier ;
Edward Holme, grocer ; and Matthew Whitaker, tobac-
conist, all of Kendal. The trustees of the houses in
Finkle Street and Market Place were Dr. Ainslie, William
Strickland, Matthew Rodick, John Thomson, John
W^ilson, James Cookson, John Irving, and Thomas Relph ;
and the trustees of quit rents were William Strickland,
William Mawson, Robert Gawthrop, George Birkett, and
Thomas Rodick, who took the place of William Gowthrop,
Thomas Nelson, William Fothergill, Richard Mattison,
and Richard Wilson.
Kendal Dissenters took a leading part in establishing
the Dispensary in 1782. The first annual report gives
the names of many of the congregation in the list of
subscribers ; the Committee of twelve subscribers in-
cluded Messrs. Rotheram, Samuel Gawthrop, and John
Thomson, junior ; the first Physician was James Ainslie,
M.D., and one of the Surgeons was John Claxton.
Sunday schools were begun in Kendal early in 1785,
and it is probable that Mr. Rotheram was an active
promoter of them, if not the most active. We have not
seen a list of the first officers, but in 1787 Mr. Rotheram
was honorary secretary, Isaac Steele and Thomas Holme
were members of the committee, and a number of
members of the congregation were amongst the sub-
scribers.
In 1785 a subscription was entered into for establishing
Sunday schools, and the subscribers had a meeting in
352 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
March at which a committee was elected and masters
were appointed to instruct eighty boys and girls.* In
the following month f the same newspaper gave this
account of the newly-established schools : —
We hear from Kendal that they have now two Sunday schools
there. The subscriptions are los. 6d. each for which two tickets
are delivered, admitting two scholars. The children meet in the
morning, and attend the masters to church, after dinner they
meet again, and are kept at their books till four, the masters
then walk with them an hour, when they return to school, and
continue till six at which time they are dismissed. The' most
happy effects on the morals of the rising generation are promised
from these laudable institutions, which are equally suggested by
religion and sound policy.
The Sunday schools rapidly increased in number, and
in 1787 J there were six schools in Cordwainer's Hall
(New Biggin) ; Redman's Yard, No. i ; Redman's Yard,
No. 2 ; The Hospital ; Fox Yard ; and Royal Oak.
It will be observed that none was in connection with a
place of worship. There were in the six schools 270
scholars, the subscriptions amounted to £68 4s. o|d., and
the expenses included a payment of £^1 12s. for salaries
of the masters. We cannot say how long the Sunday
schools were conducted by a committee representing all
denominations, but it was not until thirty years later
that the Chapel Sunday school was begun.
Kendal was, in 1786, the scene of " tumultous meet-
ings " of journeymen weavers who were endeavouring
to improve their position. " Daring outrages " were
also attributed to the workmen, and the middle- class
people became alarmed. The magistrates therefore
appointed special constables, and by a proclamation
dated 19th October, 1786, informed the workmen that
they were
* Newcastle Chronicle, 29th March, 1785.
t gth April, 1785.
X State of Sunday Schools in Kendal, 1787.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 353
determined to prosecute with the utmost severity of the Law,
all persons concerned in any illegal combinations for regulating
their trade, or who shall by any means disturb the peace of the
" town, and they are also determined effectually to protect all
those Journeymen who continue at or will peaceably return to
their work.
The numerous special constables who were appointed
included the following and, perhaps, other members of
the Chapel congregation : —
John Thomson, jun.
Isaac Steele.
George Mason.
William Strickland.
Thomas Relph.
Sam. Gawthrop, jun.
William Badenoch.
James Patrick, jun.
Robert Gawthrop.
Matthew Rodick.
Thomas Rodick.
Andrew Henderson.
We may perhaps take it that it was at the suggestion
of Mr. Rotheram that a number of Kendal youths became
students at the Manchester Academy, an institution
established in 1786 to carry on the traditions of the older
academies of Frankland and Rotheram, and the War-
rington Academy, at each of which a university education
had been given to Dissenters, whether intended for
the ministry, some other profession, or for commerce.
At the Manchester Academy, which still exists, though
limited in scope, as the Manchester College, Oxford, three
young men from Kendal were admitted in 1787, namely,
Edward Holme (afterwards M.D.), Edward Wakefield,
and Frederic Maude ; in 1788 William Maude was ad-
mitted, in 1790 Charles Morland, in 1792 Warren Maude,
and in 1795 Edwin Maude. Excepting Dr. Holme, all
of these were students intending to follow commerce.*
* Roll of Students.
2 A
354 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
In 1786 the ladies of the congregation subscribed ;^8 12s.
for the purchase of a crimson velvet cushion and cloth
for the pulpit, and green cloth for the desk. The sub-
scribers were Mrs. Hardy, Mrs. Cockrill, Mrs. Lowman,
Miss Greenhow, Miss Thomson, the Misses Gawthorp,
Miss Holme, Mrs. Nutter, the Misses Thomson, the
Misses Steele, Miss Mawson, Miss D. Rotheram, Miss
Cookson, Mrs. Mary Harrison, Miss Whitaker, and Miss
Ainslie.
Stephen Brunskill, a Methodist preacher, made, in
1787, an attempt to establish Wesleyan Methodist
preaching in Kendal. While in the town on this errand
he attended the " Arian chapel " in the forenoon and
heard one of the Countess of Huntingdon's preachers in
the afternoon.*
To commemorate the " glorious Revolution " of 1688,
which gave Dissenters from the Established Church free-
dom to worship after their own fashion, the Kendal
people, principally, no doubt, those connected with the
Market Place Chapel, erected in 1788 the well-known
Obelisk standing on Castlehow Hill. It was inscribed : —
" Sacred to Liberty.
This Obelisk was erected in the year 1788,
In memory of the Revolution in 1688. "f
An early critic of the Obelisk, writing in 1792, said
" I think it is too small an object for the noble mound
it stands upon. When I saw it yesterday, at a distance,
it looked like a tall chimney."
After celebrating the centenary of the British con-
stitution the congregation looked nearer home and
improved their own constitution by making fresh rules
for conducting the business of the religious society meeting
in the Market Place.
* Life of Stephen Brunskill of Orton, 1837, p. 36.
tC. Nicholson's Annals, p. 21.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-1796. 355
The powers of the trustees being strictly Hmited by
the trust deeds, the chapel had never been under the
control of an oligarchy. The minister was elected by the
subscribers, but could not, apparently, be removed by
them. Church affairs were discussed and settled at an
annual meeting of subscribers. In the intervals between
the annual meetings the minister seems to have been
the only person responsible, a state of things which in
the hands of an autocratic minister would leave very
little real control to the subscribers. By the new
regulations the subscribers elected each year two chapel
wardens, who acted as a permanent committee of the
subscribers.
The preamble to the regulations discusses the ad-
vantages of various methods of chapel government, and
decides in favour of government by all persons who had
contributed for one year to the support of public worship.
If they had decided otherwise the trust deeds would
have had to be set at defiance. It is noteworthy that
there is nothing to suggest that subscribers had to be
" elected " before they could become subscribers, as is
the case in the rules now in force, and there was no
religious test of any kind.
The following is a full copy of the resolutions with their
■ preamble taken from the Minute Book : —
Kendal Deer 25 1788.
It is necessary to the continuance and good order of religious
societies, that certain regulations be agreed upon, for the direction
of their procedings in cases where their common interest is con-
cerned. In the election of a minister, such previous regulations
are particularly necessary ; as for want thereof, improper persons
have been introduced, divisions have prevailed, and other unhappy
consequences have insued.
In some places, the minister is chosen by the owners of pews ;
a very wrong method ; because several members of the society
have no property of that kind ; and some of the pews belong to
others who live at a distance, or attend other places of worship.
This right of election is sometimes vested in the communicants
356 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
But, in most societies, their number is so small, that it is not
fit, this power should be in them exclusively of others.
The last mode of election is by the body of subscribers at large.
Those who contribute to the support of public worship, have a
just right to the appointment of their minister.
For these reasons and considerations,
We who are members of the society of Protestant Dissenters
assembling in the chapel near the Market Place in Kendal
Resolve
1. That two of the subscribers to the public expenses of the said
chapel, shall be annually elected on Christmas day, under the
name of chapel wardens, to direct the necessary repairs and
also to inake the usual collections for the minister, clerk, and
poor.
2. That it be recommended to the chapel wardens, to meet on
the first Tuesday in every month, to attend to the affairs of
the society, and consult with the minister and any subscribers
that chuse to attend.
3. That in case of a vacancy by the death or resignation of the
minister, the chapel wardens procure supplies, and by personal
or written notice call a meeting of the subscribers, to be held
in the chapel, for the purpose of electing a minister.
4. That at this meeting, every person who has been a subscriber
one year before, shall be entitled to vote.
5. That any subscriber residing at a distance, or prevented from
attending, may send his or her vote in writing to one of the
chapel wardens, after due notice given of the intended meeting.
6. That at this meeting the elder chapel warden shall preside
and assisted by his colleague, shall take the votes in writing.
7. That the minister so elected by a majority of subscribers,
shall be intitled to all the benefits and endowments of the
chapel.
8. That new trustees of the chapel estate, when wanted, be
appointed on Christmas day, or sooner, if judged necessary
by the chapel wardens.
g. That the same method be observed in the election of a clerk.
10. That Mr. Samuel Gawthrop and Mr. John Thomson be chapel
wardens for the insuing year.
In testimony of our agreement to these resolutions, we respec-
tively sign our names
Henry Ainslie • Matthew Whitaker
Jas. Ainslie Jas. Wilson
James Watson Robt. Anderson
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-1796. 357
John Armstrong John Claxton
Wm. Wade James Wilson
Wm. Patton Wm. Pearson
Mary Harrison Isaac Steele
Thomas Irvine Matt". Rodick
A. Henderson Thomas Relph
Wm. Stott Tlromas Rodick
Will: Fothergill James Patrick
Thomas Holme Elizabeth Cockrill
Eleanor Thirnbeck Dorothy Lowman
John Thomson James Potter
Ann Gawthrop James Cookson
Saml. Gawthrop Robert Gawthrop
James Wilde J as. Ormiston
Margt. Gibson Ann Greenhow
Agnes Mawson
In spite of the " glorious Revolution " Dissenters still
laboured under many disabilities. Of these the Test and
Corporation Acts were particularly obnoxious, as by
them the conscientious Dissenter was excluded from
most public offices. The loss to the public was great,
as the Acts kept out of public work a class of men who,
as shown by experience both before and since these Acts
were in force, were eminently qualified to serve the
public interests.
A committee had been formed for conducting an
application to Parliament for the repeal of these Acts,
and of this committee Mr. Edward Jeffries was chair-
man. At the annual meeting of the Chapel on December
25th, 1788, it was resolved that the congregation approved
of the application, and Mr. Rotheram, Mr. Thomson,
and Mr. Gawthrop were desired to signify their appro-
bation and concurrence to Mr. Jeffries. This application,
if made, failed, and at the annual meeting, 25th December,
1789.
a letter from the Rev. Wilham Turner of Newcastle upon Tyne,
was read, proposing a meeting of Ministers and Deputies in the
Northern Counties, for the purpose of forming a well connected
358 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
union among the Dissenters through the Kingdom, by means of
Deputies sent from large districts to a general meeting in London,
to conduct an application to Parliament for the repeal of the
Corporation and Test Acts,
and it was
Resolved — that this Congregation approve of the measure pro-
posed and that the Revd. C. Rotheram, Doctor Henry Ainslie,
Mr. John Thomson and Mr. Isaac Steele be desired to attend
the said meeting of Ministers and Deputies for the Northern
Counties.
The chapel yard was, in 1791, becoming inadequate
to the needs of the congregation, and on May 3rd, 179 1,
the minister and chapel wardens resolved : —
That the ground adjoining to the Chapel being not more than
sufficient for the burial of the dead who have been members of
the said Society, for the future no persons be interred there, who
have not usually attended religious worship in the said chapel —
and their fa;milies.
1791 saw what we may regard as the beginning of
organized and aggressive Unitarianism in England, for
in that year the Unitarian Society was founded. The
first list of members of " The Unitarian Society for
promoting christian knowledge, and the practice of
virtue, by distributing books " included the names of
Mr. Rotheram and of Dr. Henry Ainslie, of Kendal.
The chairman of the first meeting of the Society, held
9th February, 1791, was Michael Dodson, son of the
Rev. Joseph Dodson, whose mildly heretical views had,
nearly seventy years earlier, caused so great a com-
motion amongst local Dissenters. The Society was
frankly Unitarian, as the following extracts from the
" Rules &c."* will show : —
While therefore many well-meaning persons are propagating with
zeal, opinions which the members of this society judge to be
* There is a copy of this scarce tract in the Reference Library, Manchester.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 359
nnscriptural and idolatrous, they think it their duty to oppose
the farther progress of such pernicious errors, and pubhcly to
avow their firm attachment to the doctrines of the Unity of
God, of his unrivalled and undivided authority and dominion,
and that Jesus Christ, the most distinguished of the prophets,
is the CREATURE and messenger of God, and not his equal, nor
his vicegerent, nor co-partner with him in divine honours, as
some have strangely supposed. And they are desirous to try
the experiment, whether the cause of true religion and virtue
may not be most effectually promoted upon proper unitarian
principles, and whether the plain unadulterated truths of
Christianity, when fairly taught and inculcated, be not of them-
selves sufficient to form the minds of those who sincerely embrace
them to the true dignity and excellence of character to which
the gospel was intended to elevate them.
Rational christians have hitherto been too cautious of publicly
acknowledging their principles, and this disgraceful timidity
hath been prejudicial to the progress of truth and virtue. It
is now high-time that the friends of genuine Christianity should
stand forth and avow themselves. The number of such, it is
hoped, will be found to be much greater than many apprehend.
And their exaraple, if accompanied with, and recommended by
a correspondent purity of life and morals, will naturally attract
the attention of others, and produce that freedom of enquiry,
that liberal discussion, and that fearless profession of principles
embraced after due examination, which can be formidable to
nothing but to error and vice, and which must eventually be
subservient to the cause of truth and virtue, and to the best
interests of mankind.
This public acknowledgment of Unitarianism does not
seem to have injured Rotheram in the eyes of his town's
people, and early in the following year we find him
taking a prominent part in the town's meeting held to
protest against the African slave trade. Indeed, it is
probable that he inspired the " public meeting of the
Gentlemen, Clergymen, Manufacturers and Inhabitants
of Kendal," which was held under the chairmanship of
Mr. Richard Brathwaite, Mayor of the borough, on 23rd
January, 1792. The meeting " On taking into Considera-
tion the many grievous and oppressive circumstances,
360 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
which necessarily attend the continuance of the African
Slave Trade, wherein no Regulation can possibly be
made to render just and equal that, which in its com-
mencement and progress, is founded in a violation of the
rights of mankind, and destructive to every tender and
social tie ; Resolved, That it is our duty to petition
Parliament to put a stop to, and abolish so iniquitous
and oppressive a traffic."*
No doubt Rotheram drafted the resolution. He, the
Mayor, and the Rev. Mr. Tatham, of St. George's Chapel,
were appointed a committee to draw up the petition ;
steps were taken to interest Appleby in the same good
cause, and Sir Michael le Fleming, the county member,
was requested to present the petition to the House of
Commons.
All parties in Kendal seem to have been agreed in
their condemnation of the slave trade, but they were
not so in regard to the object of another public meeting
held later in the year. At a " very numerous and respect-
able meeting of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Bur-
gesses and Inhabitants of this Burgh " held in the Moot
Hall on December 14th, 1792, under the chairmanship
of the Mayor, William Petty, Esq., it was resolved
unanimously : —
That in the present crisis, it appears to be the duty of all good
subjects, to declare their attachment to the constitution of this
Kingdom and to oppose every measure which may tend in any
degree to subvert it. That we being duly sensible of the blessings
we enjoy under our happy Government of King, Lords and
Commons, hold it indispensably necessary to give our utmost
assistance in support of the same ; and at all times to exert our
best endeavours to suppress sedition and licentiousness. That
we are determined to assist the civil magistrates in preventing
all illegal associations, and all conspiracies against the public
peace, and in discouraging the circulation of any books, papers,
or writings, which may tend to inflame the minds of the people
* Cumberland Pacquet, 7th February, 1792.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 361
against our present happy constitution. That the Magistrates
of this Burgh be requested not to grant Licences to any Inn-
keeper who shall suffer any seditious assemblies, or meetings, to
be held in their houses.*
The reference to books, papers or writings was probably
occasioned by Paine's Rights of man, then being exten-
sively circulated, and which had recently been " publicly
burnt at the Market Cross at Burton in Kendal," and
perhaps elsewhere in the locality.
A fortnight later than the town's meeting the con-
gregation had their annual meeting, and the occasion was
taken to pass a resolution of which the tenor was the
opposite to that passed at the Moot Hah, it being unani-
mously agreed : —
That from a grateful sense of the blessings we enjoy under the
present Government, we think it our duty at this time to express
our sincere attachment to our sovereign, George the Third, and
to the Principles of the Constitution as established at the glorious
Revolution in 1688. We also embrace this opportunity of
declaring our disapprobation of all seditious and unconstitutional
publications, which tend to disturb the peace of society. Rejoicing
in the Constitution of this country, consisting of King, Lords and
Commons, we confide in the wisdom of the Legislature to remedy
any defects which may be in the best form of government ; and
trust that every measure will be adopted to protect all his Majesty's
faithful subjects in the enjoyment of civil and religious liberty
and promote the welfare and happiness of the community.
Signed on behalf of the meeting by
C. Rotheram, Minister.
Matthew Whitaker,
John Thomson, Chapel Wardens. f
The resolution passed by the Kendal Dissenters is so
very moderate in tone that it is difficult for us to realize
the amount of courage that was needed to sign and
publish the document. The occasion was a crisis in the
history, not only of England, but of Europe. The French
* Cumberland Pacquet.
t Cumberland Pacquet.
362 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Republic had been declared, and the fate of the deposed
King was foreseen. Revolutionary ideas had penetrated
every country, and what was called " sedition " was rife
in England. The " sedition " for the most part took the
form of a demand for Parliamentary reform, but the
Government was alarmed and was anxious for a show
of public opinion in favour of repressive measures at
home and of war with the Republic. On the initiative
of a man who is always called John Reeves, Esq., very
many meetings were held in support of the Government,
and of these meetings the town's meeting at Kendal
was one. Protestant Dissenters were naturally the back-
bone of the Reforming Party. Our own Revolution of
1688 had secured them a limited measure of religious
liberty, but they still laboured under many disabilities
as compared with the Churchmen.
The Dissenters knew from personal experience that the
Constitution was far from perfect, and they hoped for
its amendment. The Birmingham riots of the year
before, when Dr. Priestley's house was wrecked by a
Church and King mob, had shown that they could not
depend on the Government for protection from its riotous
supporters. The Dissenters also knew how easily the
putting down of sedition might result in the loss of
freedom of speech and of freedom of the press. They
could not therefore join in the resolutions of the town's
meeting, and they did what they could to show that
public opinion was not all on the side of the reactionaries.
It is a matter of history that the reactionaries carried
the day. War with France began very soon and Parlia-
mentary reform was delayed for more than a generation.
During the long war and the consequent loss of freedom
of speech, Protestant Dissenters had the honour of pro-
viding many of the sufferers in the cause of reform and
freedom.
Mr. Rotheram died 30th January, 1796, and was
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 363
buried in the chapel yard, where there are gravestones
bearing the following inscriptions : —
The Rev. Caleb Rotheram
40 years Minister of this Chapel
died Jan. 30 1796 aged 63.
Near this place
are deposited the remains of
Edward
the third son of the
Rev. Caleb Rotheram and Hannah his wife
who died Aug. i 1801 aged 7.
Caleb Charles, their fourth and youngest son,
died at Liverpool
May II 1 81 3 aged 17
and was buried at Gateacre.
Hannah,
Relict of the Rev. Caleb Rotheram,
died at Liverpool May 14 1820 aged 62
and was buried at Gateacre.
John their oldest son,
died at Douglas, Isle of Man,
Aug. 20 1831 aged 40.
William,
their second son,
died at Liverpool, October 14, 1859, aged 67
and was buried
at Smithdown Road Cemetery.
Here is buried
Dorothy
the Wife of Caleb Rotheram
Minister of this Chapel
who died Sep. 28 1770 aged 37.
Her piety and benevolence
adorned by an amiable deportment
engaged the affection and esteem
of her husband and friends
who lament her departure
in the christian hope
of a resurrection of the just
to a blessed immortality.
Edward Rotheram, 1801.
364 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Administration of Mr. Rotheram's estate (under £3,500)
was granted i8th February, 1796, to his widow Hannah.
He is the subject of a eulogistic poem written by Ehza
Daye, of Lancaster : — *
To the memory of the late Rev. C — R —
Where heavenly precept bright example taught.
And truths divine, a clear conviction wrought ;
Aided by that persuasive eloquence,
The charm of language, and the force of sense.
Wlien death has silenc'd that instructive speech,
Nor more that tongue important truths shall teach ;
While memory's darling records she can trace.
In characters no time or change erase.
The muse her mournful tribute humbly pays.
For ever true to friends of former days ;
Returning health seem'd lighting up his eye.
And rais'd his drooping friends to transient joy ;
When, in behalf of Afric's claim.
To fair humanity he gave his name.
If this, the latest act from me requir'd,
" The last is good," he said, and — he expir'd.
So set the Christian, so his glories rise.
As summer's suns descend in azure skies.
Mr. Rotheram was twice married, first, as already
mentioned, to Dorothy Markett, who died in 1770, and
by whom he had no issue. His second wife was Hannah
daughter of John Thomson, of Kendal, merchant. She
was baptized at the Chapel 2nd March, 1758, and married
at Selside Chapel 27th May, 1789. When a widow Mrs.
Rotheram continued to reside in Kendal and to attend
the Chapel, but died at Liverpool 14th May, 1820, | and
was buried at Gateacre Chapel. By his second wife he
had issue : —
I. John, born 14th January, 1791, baptized at the
* Poems on various subjects, 1798, p. 53. Elizabeth Daye was the daughter
of the Rev. James Daye of Lancaster, who preached Dr. Caleb Rotheram's
funeral sermon. She died 23rd January, 1829, in the 96th year of her age,
and is buried in the yard of St. Nicholas Street Chapel, Lancaster.
■\ Monthly Repository, xv., 365.
CALEB ROTHERAM, THE YOUNGER, I754-I796. 365
Chapel 25th February, 1791, died at Douglas, Isle of Man,
20th August, 1831.
2. William, born 21st May, 1792, baptized at the
Chapel 4th July, 1792, died at Liverpool 14th October,
1859, aged 67. Buried at Smithdown Road Cemetery,
Liverpool.
3. Edward, born 9th August, 1794, baptized at the
Chapel 14th September, 1794, died ist August, 1801,
aged 7. Buried in the Chapel yard, Kendal.
4. Caleb Charles (posthumous), born 15th April, 1796,
baptized at the Chapel 8th May, 1796, died at Liverpool
nth May, 1813, aged 17. Buried at Gateacre.
366
XXIX.
John Harrison, 1796-1833.
MR. ROTHERAM was succeeded by the Rev. John
Harrison of Lancaster.
Friendly relations had existed for a long time between
the congregations of Kendal and Lancaster, Mr. Harrison
had been not infrequently a visitor to Kendal, and indeed
had there baptized several of Mr. Rotheram's children.
He was thus no stranger to the congregation which, on
April 15th, 1796, " unanimously agreed that an invitation
should be given to the Rev. John Harrison of Lancaster
to succeed the late Mr. Rotheram in the ministry of this
Chapel."
John Harrison was born at Gateacre, near Liverpool,
6th February, 1761. His father, Edward Harrison, a
watchmaker, removed to Warrington when his son was
very young. Edward Harrison had attended Gateacre
Chapel and after his removal to Warrington joined the
Cairo Street congregation. He died February 3rd, 1802,
aged 70, and was buried at Cairo Street, his gravestone
being near the chapel door. The mother of the minister
appears to have lived with her son during her widowhood,
and on 29th July, 1811, was buried in Kendal Chapel
yard. John Harrison was educated at the Warrington
Grammar School, the headmaster at that time being the
Rev. Edward Owen, M.A., a classical scholar of some
distinction. From the Grammar School he proceeded, in
1777,* to the Warrington Academy. Here he was under
John Aikin, D.D., of whom he used to speak in the
warmest terms of respect and to whose " judicious
* Monthly Repository, ix., 529.
Rev. JOFIN HARRISON.
FACE p. 36C.
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 367
development and careful management he would attribute
whatever qualities he possessed, to which he attached
most value." The writer of the memoir in the Unitarian
Chronicle (1833, P- 221) says : —
He made his first essay as a preacher at the early age of 19, at
Risley, a few miles distant from the place where he lived ; and
he was accustomed to describe, in a most entertaining manner,
the consternation that came over him just as he was ascending
the pulpit, on descrying a large troop of his friends and relations,
who had arrived from Warrington to witness his maiden exhibition,
and from whom he had effectually concealed, as he flattered
himself, the knowledge of the ordeal he was going to pass through.
In 1781* he became minister of St. Nicholas Street
Chapel, Lancaster, and remained there until his removal
to Kendal. While at Lancaster he married Alice Housman
and thus became brother-in-law of the Rev. Robert
Housman, M.A., incumbent of St. Anne's Chapel in the
same town, an eloquent and popular preacher of intensely
" evangelical " views. Whatever Harrison may have
thought of his orthodox brother-in-law, it is certain that
his near connection with the unorthodox Harrison was
a subject of annoyance to Robert Housman, whose
memoirs do not once mention Harrison by name.
Housman suspected Harrison, and probably with
reason, of being part author of "an angry and rather
absurd pamphlet " in which Housman's theology was
attacked. The occasion of the pamphlet was a sermon
preached by Housman in 17S6,
in which the principal doctrines of the Gospel were enumerated,
and the necessity of believing them with a true heart was proved
and enforced . . . The total depravity of man by nature ;
the absolute inefhcacy of good works to procure acceptance with
God ; justification, only through the voluntary sacrifice of Jesus
Christ ; the influences of the Holy Ghost, first to enlighten the
understanding, to purify the affections, to renew the will, and
* 1782 is the date given in the Monthly Repository, ix., 529.
368 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
then to superintend and controul them in the way of hoHness
and peace ; were set forth with a warmth, an energy, and an
impressiveness, which startled and dismayed.*
Harrison was by no means averse from theological
controversy, and his brother-in-law's theology, though so
very narrow, offered a very broad target. It is to be
regretted that " to this petulant production Mr. Housman
vouchsafed no answer."
In 1793 Harrison published
Specimens of the manner in which pubhc worship is conducted
in Dissenting Congregations : with a service for baptism ; the
celebration of the Lord's Supper, and, the Burial of the dead.
By J. H. . . . Preston : Printed and sold by Thomas
Walker 1793. 8° pp. x. 114.7
The preface is signed and dated " H. Lancaster, Jan:
ist 1793." We gather from it that Harrison favoured
a liturgy, but he did not wish to force one on his con-
gregation, though they " have had the liberality to
indulge him in the frequent use of a written form."
The motive of the Specimens is shown by the following
extracts from the preface : —
That a general odium has been raised against Dissenters, in every
part of the Kingdom, can be matter of information to none ;
for the effects of it have been manifested in a way, disgraceful
to a Country that has any pretensions to civilization, or any
right to boast of her freedom. The most absurd calumnies,
when levelled against them, have met with ready credit ; and
men of truly constitutional principles, whose attachment to their
country is as firm, and (to say the least of it) equally enlightened
with that of their calumniators, have been reproached as inveterate
Republicans and enemies to the Constitution both in Church and
State.
In many cases it may be the wisdom and duty of the injured,
to support the misrepresentations of their enemies with that
calm temper, which bespeaks true dignity — but must they, when
* R. F. Housman's Life of the Rev. Robert Housman, p. xxxi.
t There is a copy in the Warrington Museum.
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 369
conscious of the purity of their intentions, hear themselves
stigmatized as vipers* who carry a sting ready to be plunged into
the bosom of the country which nourishes them, and remain
silent under the odious imputation ? Must they be continually
marked out as objects of distrust and suspicion, and rest satisfied
without attempting their own justification ? Is it not on the
contrary, an act of justice to themselves, and of charity to those,
who misrepresent their principles through ignorance, to shew
from incontrovertible evidence, that there is nothing in their
tenets which can lead them to become enemies to the civil con-
stitution of this Kingdom ? Religion and Politics are indeed so
distinct from one another, that it seems difficult to conceive
how any particular system of religious faith, can be naturally
and peculiarly allied to any particular political system. It would
be impossible, for instance, to prove that the doctrines of the
Established Church are more suitable to the nature of our Govern-
ment, than those of any other Church whatever. The only
inference meant to be drawn from this observation, is, that it
is the greatest injustice to charge, indiscriminately, all with
disaffection to the civil, who from pure motives of Conscience,
dissent from the ecclesiastical establishment of their country.
To prove the injustice of this charge is the Author's principal
object. He would long since have attempted it, had not the
most effectual mode of attaining it required some deliberation.
Appeals have been made to History, by many writers, to prove
the invariable attachment of Dissenters to the constitution which
was established in the last century; but the prejudices against
them have proved too inveterate to give way to these attacks —
their fancied disaffection is supposed to arise from their religion ;
and till the absurdity of this supposition be unmasked, they
must still hear reproaches of all others the most grievous to
ingenuous minds.
Under these mortifying circumstances, the following plan was
at length suggested and immediately adopted ; to lay before
the public a set of Prayers agreeing in sentiment, as nearly as
possible, with those in general use amongst the rational Dissenters,
in their public worship, together with offices for Baptism, adminis-
tration of the Lord's Supper, &c. These, as they would exhibit
a general and accurate view of their religious principles, it was
* Harrison's note on this metaphor is as follows : " The author is not answer-
able for the incorrectness of this metaphor ; — it graced a speech, replete with
language of similar liberality and decency, delivered upon a public occasion
in this town."
2B
370 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
thought, might convince the candid, however they may vary
from tlie creed of others, that they contain nothing that can
biass the pohtical opinions of those who use them. Not a single
trace will be found of disaffection to that form of Government,
under which this nation has so long flourished. On the contrary,
upon proper occasions, Dissenters have always been in the habit
of petitioning for the continuance of this blessing, in language as
earnest and sincere as that of the Established Church.
In 1/95 Harrison issued a sermon The true method of
preaching Christ. The text was i Thess. v. 21, " Prove all
things, hold fast that which is good." In this discourse he
professed " only to furnish a few plain arguments against
those who stigmatize moral preaching as not preaching
Christ." This made it necessary for him to " touch
briefly upon some doctrines, which may be thought
worthy of a more laboured refutation."
In 1796 Harrison settled in Kendal. He is said to
have, at first, lived at a pretty cottage named the Ghyll,
on the road to Scout Scar ; he then removed to Castle
Dairy in Wildman Street, the Parsonage House at that
time being occupied by Mr. John Barrow, Deputy Recor-
der, who resided there until his death in 1822. Apparently,
Mr. Harrison then removed to the Parsonage in front of
the Chapel, and he died there.*
Harrison was a tall man, and, in his later years was of
venerable appearance, being styled the " High Priest "
of Kendal by his neighbours.
There were no matters of great moment occurring in
the first few years of his ministry. In 1796 the annual
meeting agreed that the resolution of 1791, concerning
the burial of strangers in the chapel yard, should be
" for the future most strictly adhered to."
It is probable that many, if not most, of the Kendal
Dissenters were opposed to the war with France. Never-
theless, when in November, 1797, at a public meeting
* Origin of Nonconformity in Kendal. Cutting from the Kendal Mercury.
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 371
held in the Moot Hall, it was resolved to make a sub-
scription " for the relief of the children and widows of
the sailors and marines who fell in the late action of the
British Fleet commanded by Admiral Lord Duncan, with
the Dutch Fleet, and of the sailors and marines wounded
in that action," several of the congregation subscribed,
Messrs. R. Gawthrop, W. Gawthrop, and J. Cookson
being of the number.
In 1797 it was resolved to take the most effectual
methods to guard against the water which flowed from
Mr. Willan's property into the burial ground and to
defray the expense by contributions amongst the Society.
In 1799 the annual meeting decided that six times in
every year a collection should be made to establish a
fund for necessary repairs. In 1800 it was resolved that
a congregational subscription be made in aid of the
" Manchester College for the Education of Young Men
for the Ministry." This was the college now known as
Manchester College, Oxford, but in spite of the title
given to it in the congregational minutes it was not
a theological college merely, though probably the chapel
subscription would be expended for the benefit of divinity
students only.
At the annual meeting of 1801 the resolutions adopted
in 1788 for the regulation of the business of the congre-
gation were re-adopted with merely verbal alterations.
The annual meeting of 1802 was held in October
instead of the usual month, December. The probable
reason for the change was the urgent nature of the
business which was to consider a plan for rebuilding the
whole of the Chapel property extending from the Market
Place to Finkle Street. The " present ruinous state of
the buildings " is referred to in the resolution which em-
powered a committee (Mr. Harrison, Mr. Thomson, Mr.
Cookson, and Mr. Relph) to carry the plan into execution
and to borrow money on mortgage. The premises were
372 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
to be rebuilt and the improved rent was to be divided
between the minister and the trustees. The trustees
with their portion were to pay off the mortgages on the
Parsonage House and the newly-erected buildings. When
this was accomplished the rent was to be paid to the
minister except an annual sum of ;;^io, which the trustees
were to reserve for keeping in repair or for the improve-
ment of the whole property of the Chapel — " thereby
providing a fund to prevent any casual diminution of
the minister's stated salary." It was further recom-
mended that when the rebuilding was completed trustees
should be appointed for these and all the other properties
of the Chapel.
Notwithstanding the ruinous state of the buildings
nothing seems to have been done, and in December,
1803, the annual meeting merely assented to the previous
resolutions and recommended the Chapel Wardens to
call a general meeting of the subscribers early in the
ensuing spring to carry into effect the whole of the
resolutions.
It was apparently during 1804 that the property was
rebuilt, and in that year the concluding part of the
resolutions of 1802 was acted on to the extent of passing
a resolution that trustees should be appointed for the
Meeting House and the whole of the property belonging
to it conjointly, and the following persons were nominated
for that purpose : — Samuel Gawthrop, Robert Gawthrop,
William Mawson, Isaac Steele, James Wait, James
Cookson, Thomas Cookson, William Cookson, Matthew
Whitaker, Thomas Relph, James Wightman, and Anthony
Fothergill. The property of the Chapel and congregation,
it may be mentioned, was vested in several sets of trustees,
and the effect of this resolution would be to incorporate all
the properties into one trust — on the face of it a sensible
proceeding. But at the meeting of 1805 the minute book
records that
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 373
It was proposed by Mr. Robt. Gawthrop that he would pay the
expence of a new deed for the Quit Rents — that there should
be separate deeds for each trust and that the same persons should
be nominated Trustees of the said separate trusts, as those that
were chosen at the last meeting (excepting Mr. James Wightman
who had died in the interim) lest all the trusts should get into
one hand.
This motion was carried.
Dissentient
ist. Because the above motion flies in the face of the unani-
mous resolution of the preceding meeting, which resolution was
made to prevent expence and which would have been acted upon
except for the death of Mr. Wightman and which was expressly
entered into, to unite more intimately the Society by consolidating
their interests and their funds.
2nd. Because the same reasons exist against all the trusts
being in the name of all the same persons, while the division of
trusts must inevitably encrease the expence of deeds three or
four fold, besides incurring the inconveniences, which the
unanimous resolution of the annual Christmas meeting 1804
was entered into to prevent.
Other cogent reasons might be adduced but the subscriber
contents himself with the above. Signed John Thomson
Inserted at the request of Mr. Thomson
by John Harrison Min"^.
The permanent sinking fund was, as decided in 1802,
established, and by its means the Parsonage House
mortgage which Mr. Harrison had taken up from Mrs.
Rotheram in 1812 was extinguished in 1817.
The minute book from which have been taken most
of the details concerning the internal affairs of the Chapel
contains no entries after 1805, and the next minute
book is not to be found.
On February 28th, 1806, the Rev. Henry Robinson,
M.A., Vicar of Kendal from 1789, died. He is reputed
to have been a Unitarian, as indeed were many church
clergymen of his generation. Whatever his precise shade
of belief may have been, he was on friendly terms with
the Market Place Dissenters, and the Monthly Repository *
* Vol. 5 (1810), p. 454.
374 '^HE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
the organ of the Unitarian body, recorded his virtues in
the following verses, signed J. T. : —
On the Death
of the Rev. Henry Robinson,
Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and late Vicar
of Kendal 1806.
With pious grief we seek thy honoured urn,
A Christian pastor, father, friend, we mourn,
A generous mind, with various learning fraught.
With cheerful wit and manliness of thought.
Thy love paternal speak thy children's tears.
Shed for the guardian of their infant years ;
Thy liberal spirit, cultured and refined.
Imposed no shackles on a brother's mind ;
Thy sacred office, free from bigot zeal.
Was spent to gain thy flock's eternal weal.
Lowly thou liest ! — thy virtues will survive,'
And registered in Heaven for ever live !
Faith and religion look beyond the tomb.
And dwell with rapture on the world to come !
Yet friendship mournfully bends o'er thy bier.
Mingling its sorrows witli thine orphans' tear.
Mr. Robinson was in 1799 secretary of the Kendal
Sunday Schools, the committee of which included at
least one member of the Market Place Chapel.
During Mr. Harrison's ministry Kendal Chapel wa§
visited or attended by some well-known men. William
Wordsworth, when staying in Kendal with his friend
Thomas Cookson, a trustee of the Chapel from 1S15 to
his death in 1S33, was an occasional worshipper at this
Chapel.* There or at Mr. Cookson 's Wordsworth made
the acquaintance of John Gough, the blind mathematician
and botanist, whom he depicted in " The Excursion,"
and no doubt learned the story of James Patrick who
was the prototype of the Wanderer in the same poem.j
* W. Pearson's Papers, &c., p. 13. Wordsworth, however, was opposed
to the Dissenters' Chapels Bill, which alone prevented the Kendal chapel ftom
falling into the hands of people wlio had no connection with the place. Knight's
Letters of the Wordsworth Family, iii., 302.
t W. Pearson's Papers, &c., p. 13.
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 375
De Ouincey is said to have attended the Chapel occa-
sionahy, and Coleridge also, or if not they met the more
prominent members of the congregation elsewhere, and
both received a very favourable impression. De Quincey
makes several references to the circle, of which John
Gough may be regarded as the centre. An Anglican
Bishop, Richard Watson,* preferring the Lake District
to the duties of a Welsh see, had settled at Calgarth.
A Quarterly reviewer (Dr. T. D. Whitaker) had written
an article in which " some sneers are dropped with
regard to the intellectual character of the neighbourhood
in which he [the Bishop] has settled." After mentioning
Southey, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Charles Lloyd, and
Professor Wilson, De Ouinceyf says : —
The meanest of these persons was able to have " taken the con-
ceit " out of Dr. Whitaker and all his tribe. But even in the town
of Kendal, about nine miles from Calgarth, there were many
men of information, at least as extensive as Dr. Watson's, and
amply qualified to have met him upon equal terms in conversation.
Gough, the blind mathematician and botanist of Kendal,
is known to this day ; but many others in that town had accom-
plishments equal to his.
A more general reference but equally complimentary
to Kendal is also in Lake Reminiscences : —
I can add my attestation to that of Mr. Coleridge himself, when
describing an evening spent amongst the enlightened tradesmen
in Birmingham, that nowhere is more unaffected good sense
exhibited, and particularly nowhere more elasticity and freshness
* Bishop Watson, like some other bishops of his day, was perhaps not
unjustly suspected to be heterodox. De Quincey, who heartily disliked him
says (Lake Reminiscences " Coleridge ") : — " Now, if the reader happens to
recollect I:iow soon the death of Dr. Markham followed the sudden dissolution
of that short-lived administration in 1807, he will see how narrowly Dr.
Watson missed this elevation ; and one must allow for a little occasional spleen
under such circumstances. How grand a thing, how princely, to be an English
archbishop ! Yet, what an archbishop ! He talked openly, at his own
table, as a Socinian ; ridiculed the miracles of the New Testament, which
he professed to explain as so many chemical tricks, or cases of legerdemain ;
and certainly had as little of devotional feeling as any man that ever lived."
t Lake Reminiscences.
3/6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of mind, than in the conversation of the reading men in manu-
facturing towns. In Kendal, especially, in Bridgewater, and in
Manchester, I have witnessed more interesting conversations, as
much information, and more natural eloquence in conveying it,
than usually in literary cities, or in places professedly learned.
In 1810 the Auxiliary Bible Society of Kendal and its
vicinity was formed. The committee, of which five mem-
bers were Churchmen and five Dissenters, included the
Rev. John Harrison and Mr. John Greenhow. Thus in
its origin the Kendal Bible Society had the co-operation
of some of those persons whose opinions at a later date
were to be stigmatized at its annual meeting by the Rev.
Mr. Latrobe and defended by Mr. Hawkes.
Westmorland was visited in 18 13 b}^ that energetic
Unitarian missionary, Richard Wright, who gives this
account of his visit : — *
I preached in two places in Kendal.
1. The Presbyterian meeting-house three times ; the congre-
gations respectable and very attentive ; and
2. In the Unitarian Baptist place of worship twice, which was
well filled both times. I was much gratified \^dth the christian
intercourse I had with friends of both parties.
3. Kirkby Lonsdale. There is one Unitarian here ; but there
had been no Unitarian preaching. I preached in a room, which
was very well filled, and the people were attentive. Having
begun the business for them, I expect our Unitarian Baptist
friends at Kendal will keep up an occasional lecture here.
In 1814 the distressed state of the inhabitants of
Germany was arousing commiseration, and on February
25th a public meeting, at which the Mayor (Thomas
Holme Maude I) presided, was held for the purpose of
taking the matter into consideration. A committee was
appointed, Robert Gawthrop being one of the members,
and a subscription was started.
* Monthly Repository, viii., 6i.
t Four of Mr. Maude's sons had studied at the Manchester Academy, the.
forerunner of Manchester College, a fact which seems to indicate a certain
amount of sympathy, on his part, with dissent, though at that time, filling
the office he did, he could not have been a Dissenter.
JOHN HARRISON, 1796-1833. 377
Richard Wright was again in the northern counties
in 1814, but we find no reference to a visit to Kendal.
He went, however, to Great Salkeld, and his account
of the visit is interesting if only from his references to
the Rev. Timothy Nelson, M.A., a minister who is usually
spoken of as being orthodox : — *
On my return from Scotland, in the year 1814, I spent a few days
in Cumberland. At Great Salkeld, I found an excellent old
gentleman, Mr. Nelson, who had for many years been the Presby-
terian minister in that place, and at Plumpton Street a village
a few miles from it. He was an Antitrinitarian, and had the
most cheering views of the character and government of God.
I had a great deal of interesting conversation with him. I
preached twice at Great Salkeld, and once at Plumpton Street,
and had pretty good congregations. The good old man was
about eighty years of age ; yet he seemed in good health, his
powers quite sound, and was still active. He lived on a small
paternal inheritance, which had been possessed by his family,
for a number of generations. On a part of this estate stood the
little meeting-house, which had been erected by one of his ances-
tors. This is one of the few places in that northern district which
had not passed from the Presbyterians into less liberal hands.
Here, amidst the surrounding shades of reputed orthodoxy,
liberal and rational views of Christianity, and the mild and
benevolent spirit of the Gospel, still had an abode. Few if any
of the neighboring ministers cared to associate much with a
man who could not acquiesce in their narrow views, illiberal
spirit, and ostentatious and obtrusive plans ; still he was cheerful
and happy.
For ought I know Mr. Nelson is still living ; but it will be well
for our brethren whose situation in the north may enable them
to do it, to do what they can to prevent the little chapels occupied
by him, either on his death or the termination of his labors, from
passing into the hands of the Calvinists ; who certainly have
no right to them. An active young minister, placed at Great
Salkeld, might act as a missionary in Cumberland and Westmor-
land, besides officiating as Mr. Nelson's successor.
In 1815 the surviving trustees of the Chapel under the
* Wright's Missionary life and labours, 1824, pp. 308-310. As to Nelson's
orthodoxy, see the footnote on p. 288.
378 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
deed of 1782 resigned their trust to Thomas Cookson,
merchant, Joseph Whitaker, tobacconist ; Thomas Relph,
saddler ; Edward Harrison, mercer, all of Kendal ; John
Gough of Scalthwaiterigg, gentleman ; Anthony Fother-
gill, cardmaker, and William Patten, both of Kendal.
As indicating the generosity of the Kendal congregation
at the time, it may be mentioned that the collection in
1817 for Manchester College, York, amounted to £9
17s. 6d.*
Though the congregation was helping the College
financially it does not appear to have produced any
candidates for the ministry, the only divinity student
admitted from Kendal being Samuel Wild Cockcroft in
1824. As his baptism is not recorded in the Chapel
register he was presumably not connected by birth with
the congregation.
Kendal again had a successful visit from a Unitarian
missionary sometime between i8th July and 21st October,
1818. Mr. Wright gives this account : — |
I knew both the congregations in Kendal would have been glad
of a visit from me, but ... it not being in my power to
reach them, Mr. Horsfield visited them in my stead.
I. Presbyterian Chapel.
Here he preached twice, and had very good audiences con-
sidering the unfavourable state of the weather.
2. The Unitarian Baptist place.
Here also Mr. H. preached twice. The meeting-house was
completely filled, especially the last time ; notice of the subject,
the popular Doctrine of the Atonement, having been previously
given. A number of Calvinists attended. Mr. H. reported to
me that he was received by the friends belonging to both societies
with much respect and affection, and spent his time among them
with much pleasure : that the two societies are in perfect harmony
with each other : -that a library is established at the Presbyterian
place, to which the members of both societies subscribe, and
* Monthly Repository, xii., 635.
t Christian Reformer, 1819, p. 250.
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 379
which is said to have aheady done good, not only by promoting
information in the two congregations, but by helping to awaken
a spirit of enquiry, and promote religious information in the
town.
Fellowship funds had been suggested by Dr. Thomson
as a means by which the stronger congregations could
help the weaker ones, and as Dr. Thomson was a native
of Kendal and was connected with the Market Place
Chapel, it was only proper that the Chapel should have
its Fellowship Fund. In 1822 Mr. Harrison wrote to
the Monthly Repository (xvii. 93) a letter announcing the
establishment of such a fund : —
Kendal Feb. 14 1822.
Sir,
I have the satisfaction to announce to the Unitarian public,
the establishment of a Fellowship Fund in the religious society
with which I am connected. Upon the regulations for managing
the institution, and the objects to which it is to be devoted, it
is unnecessary to enlarge, as they are conformable to the well-
known plan originally suggested by the late Doctor Thomson,
and coincide with those which have been so frequently detailed
in your pages. The great end we have in view, is to join with
our brethren in aiding the progress of the truth as it is in Jesus,
and we hope, that we shall strengthen our own hands by con-
tributing to strengthen theirs, in this great and good cause.
It gives me additional pleasure to state further, that at the
time when this establishment took place, it was unanimously
resolved to have an annual collection, the amount of which
should be alternately given to the College at York and to the
London Unitarian Fund. The collection for this year will be
appropriated to the use of the latter. In following up both
these plans, I have no doubt we shall soon be joined by the whole
of our society, when they see that the pecuniary exertions are
individually below the notice of those whose means are the most
limited, but collectively efficient and available to such valuable
purposes.
I am induced to mention another subject of importance to a
few neighbouring congregations, in the hope that the information
we want may be supplied by some of your correspondents. The
last Lord Wharton left, by will, a number of Bibles to certain
380 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Dissenting societies, (of whicli ours was one,) to be distributed,
at the discretion of the ministers, among the young. For a
considerable time this was done in conformity to the conditions
stated in the bequest, but about thirty years ago the distribution
was transferred to the clergy of the Establishment, without any
reason assigned, or any known authority for such a deviation
from the will of his Lordship. This statement was made to the
commissioners sent by Parliament to inquire into the abuses of
Charities, but they knew nothing of the subject, and did not
seem to consider it as within the scope of their powers. If
inserted in your miscellany, it may possibly meet the eye of
one better informed ; and should this be [the] case, any explana-
tion of the business, through the mediura of the Repository, will
be acceptable to many of its readers in this part of the kingdom.*
John Harrison.
In April, 1822, the " Unitarian Dissenters attending
the Chapel in the Market-place of the town of Kendal "
petitioned Parliament for an alteration of the marriage
law ; the petition being presented in the Commons by
Mr. Brougham and in the Lords by Lord Thanet.f The
petition, which many other congregations also sent up,
set forth " that the marriage service required by law, is
inconsistent in several points with the religious belief
which the petitioners conscientiously entertain," and
prayed " that a law may be passed to legalize the solemni-
zation of matrimony by the dissenting ministers of their
persuasion in their respective places of worship in England
and Wales, as it is already permitted to various other
classes of dissenters. "J Both Houses ordered the petition
to lie on the table, and the relief prayed for was not granted
in the form suggested. When the same question was
under consideration a few years later the Westmorland
Advertiser and Kendal Chronicle of 13th August, 1825,
printed a long article in favour of the Unitarian Marriage
* Lord Wharton's bequest and its misappropriation liave been noticed on
P- 234.
■\ Local Chronology, p. 50.
% Commons' J ournals (lyth April, 1822), Ixxvii., 178; Lords' Journals (2nd
May, 1822), Iv., 146.
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 381
Bill. The Unitarians, unlike the Quakers, were never
allowed to marry according to their own forms until the
same relief was granted to all Dissenters by the Act of
1837-
From the beginning of the anti-slavery agitation the
Presbyterian (Unitarian) Dissenters had been second
only to the Society of Friends in their assistance of the
movement. It is therefore not surprising to find several
gentlemen of the congregation amongst the small number
of signatories to a requisition to the Mayor of Kendal
to appoint a public meeting " to take into consideration
the propriety of addressing a petition to the House of
Commons, on the present state of slavery in the British
Colonies." Amongst the signers of the requisition were
Mr. Harrison, Robert Gawthrop and John Thomson. The
Mayor, William Pennington, appointed a meeting to be
held in the Town Hall on April 30th, 1823.
The Burial Ground was extended, and in March, 1824,
the first corpse was interred in the extension.
After many years Mr. Harrison again ventured into
print with a pamphlet* entitled " The testimony of
Jesus to the supremacy and free grace of God. A sermon,
preached at the Unitarian Chapel, Kendal." It occupie'd
16 pages, and was printed by Richard Lough of Kendal.
Its dedication reads, " To the Society of Unitarian
Christians, Kendal, this discourse, recently delivered
before them, and now published at their request, is
respectfully inscribed, by their affectionate pastor, John
Harrison, Kendal, October, 1824."
In the same year a four-page leaflet with the title
" Westmoreland Advertiser and Kendal Chronicle "
appeared from Mr. Harrison's pen. It was a comparison
of the Advertiser and the Chronicle (from which it was
* Another work has also been attributed to John Harrison of Kendal, viz.,
the Etymological enchiridion, but as its title page states it to be by the
Rev. J. Harrison, Incumbent Curate of Grimsargh, there can be no doubt
that the attribution is an error.
382 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
reprinted) to the disadvantage of the former, in the
matter of allowing religious discussion in their pages,
and is, incidentally, a defence of Unitarianism. The
following passage gives Mr. Harrison's view of Uni-
tarianism : —
Our great leading tenet, from which our distinguishing title is
derived, is the unity of God, and that he alone is the sole object
of worship ; and we believe that the doctrine and worship of
one God is incompatible with the doctrine and worship of a
Trinity because three persons, subsistencies or intelligent agents,
each of which is God and Lord, cannot be one individual God
and Lord. — So far it may be said, that we are only Deists. True :
but in the next article of our creed no Deist will go along with
us. We believe not only in God but in Christ ; we admit that
the Scriptures contain the revelations which God has made to
mankind at sundry times and in divers manners, and that the
whole series of these revelations were finally completed by the
mission of Jesus, the Christ or anointed of God. We believe
that God set his seal to his mission by enabling him to work many
miracles — that his precepts have the same authority as if they
proceeded immediately from God ; and we admit the great facts
of his death, resurrection and ascension — that he is made head
over all things to his church, and appointed to raise the dead,
and judge the world. We look upon one great object of his
mission to have been, to reconcile men to God, to declare the divine
placabilit}', and to be the Saviour of sinners, not by being hoty
and righteous in their stead, but bj^ leading them to true re-
pentance and the practice of all righteousness.
Probably about the same time a letter contributed to
the Kendal Chronicle and signed " Amicus," Mr. Harrison
no doubt,, was reprinted as a broadside. It refers to a
document issued by the Society of Friends. The writer
says : —
it may be considered as a kind of postscript to the Yearly Epistle,
and its declared object is to " disclaim all connection with certain
professed members of their denomination, who do not allow the
divinity and atonement of the Lord Jesus Christ." This docu-
ment, it seems, is to be understood as referring chiefly to the
schism which has taken place in America, for the writers of it
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 383
" lament the trials which their brethren upon that Continent
have been subjected by the dissemination of Anti-Christian
doctrines." Then follows a summary of their Creed or a state-
ment of their religious principles, at the conclusion of which I
find this passage — " Our Society from its earliest establishment
has received these most important doctrines of holy Scripture
in their plain and obvious sense, and we do not acknowledge as
in fellowship with us, as a Christian community, any body of
religious professors, which does not thus accept them and accredits
as ministers those who attempt to invalidate any of these doctrines,
which we deem to be essential parts of the Christian religion."
The writer takes exception to this statement, and
shows that Wilham Penn, in his Sandy Foundation
shaken (1668) and in his Apology, expressed ideas which
" seem to coincide in a great measure with the Sabelhan
or Indwelhng and even with the Unitarian scheme," and,
adds " Amicus,"
To the testimony given by Penn, might be added that of Fox,
Whitehead and Pennington — The atonement, preached by them,
was not an outward atonement, but an inward and spiritual one,
to be accomplished in the soul of every candidate for salvation.
" Amicus " was certainly right in his contention that
the Friends had not always and invariably been Trini-
tarians. It has been shown in an earlier chapter that
in the very earliest days of Quakerism a Friend was
preaching in Kendal the doctrine of the humanity of
Christ, a doctrine quite incompatible with that of the
Trinity.*
We have mentioned that the earliest Sunday schools
in Kendal were undenominational, but here, as elsewhere,
religious differences crept in, and early in the nineteenth
century the Sunday schools were attached to the different
churches and chapels.
In 1825 an anonymous author issued A seymon, written
for the use of the children assembling for instruction, at the
* Ante, p. 34.
384 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Unitarian Meeting House in Kendal (i2mo, pp. 12).
The author says : —
I wish, with all christian sincerity to assure those into whose
hands this Article may fall, that I submit it to the perusal of my
friends with much apprehension of its receiving their appro-
bation. I should have wished to have secured for it the revision
and sanction of my venerable friend, the Rev John Harrison ;
but I have not solicited such a favour from any one, as it is not
my desire to be known.
We should judge from the sermon that the instruction
in the Sunday school at this period was mainly such
as in the present day is given in the elementary schools,
and not purely religious, and that the Sunday school was
held in the Chapel itself.
In 1827 Mr. Harrison published The duty of confessing
Christ before men. A sermon delivered before the Society
of Unitarian Christians in Kendal, which was printed by
Richard Lough at the Chronicle Ofhce. In this sermon
he warns his hearers against the dangers they have to
face : —
From direct persecutions we have perhaps little to apprehend ;
but our integrity may insensibly give way before indirect dis-
couragements. Against the former the mind summons all its
powers of resistance, and the struggle, though tiercel}^ maintained
for a time, generally ends in establishing the rights of conscience,
and fixing a deeper attachment to them in the heart ; — but the
latter work silently and more surely — they lull our fears and
gradually undermine our principles by persuading us there is no
need to call them into exercise. The history of religion in all
countries sufficiently proves the truth of this observation and in
our own particularly, who knows not that the zeal which shone
so bright amidst intolerance and edicts against imputed heresy,
in these times of comparative liberality and ease, had lost much
of its fervour, and is in some breasts become totally extinct.
Such is the moral mechanism of our nature — " the mind takes
arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing hopes to end
them " ; but gentle attacks create no alarm, and it quietly sur-
renders the post which would have been obstinately maintained
against a more rude assault.
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 385
He defends " rational Christianity " though " the use
of reason in rehgion has been supposed by some to lead to
infidelity," and contends that
The great principle laid down by our Saviour, for tlie direction of
his disciples, was, that they should " call no master on earth."
his gospel is to be considered as a charter of freedom from the
impositions of human authority in matters of religion. Every
christian is to judge for himself between truth and error, and to
be fully persuaded in his own mind as to the soundness of the
opinions he finally adopts. To a departure from this principle
are to be traced up all those corruptions which have so long
obscured the beauty and simplicity of divine truth. Hence it
is that the religion of Christ has been looked upon as a kind of
state instrument, whose chief use is the preservation of social
order, and to secure this end it has been decked out with a pomp
and pageantry ill-suited to the spirituality of its nature, whilst
no attention was paid to keep it pure and undefiled in point of
doctrine. The christian priesthood, in their eagerness for power,
overlooked these significant words of their master, " my kingdom
is not of this world," as in their zeal to decree rites and ceremonies
for the celebration of public worship, they set at nought the equal
rights of their fellow christians.
The evils resulting from such an unjust assumption of power
have indeed in part been obviated in this country by the tolerant
spirit of the times ; but still they are not entirely removed :
instead of positive enactments against the rights of conscience
certain disabilities are attached to the exercise of those rights —
we may worship God according to the dictates of our consciences,
but some privileges must be given up for this indulgence — and
thus the principle of interference with religious profession is still
maintained, somewhat softened indeed but rendered more seduc-
tive in its operation.
His hearers are to protest against these disabilities,
they are to profess and support the truths which Christ
was sent by God to preach.
He came to correct the prevailing errors respecting the divine
character and the nature of true religion, and to dispel the darkness
which then obscured the future destinies of man. For satisfaction
upon these interesting subjects, we have deemed it our duty to
search the scriptures, and resting our faith upon the testimony
2 C
386 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of Jesus and his Apostles alone, we believe in one God, the creator
of heaven and earth, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ
— the sole glorious object of worship to all his intelligent offspring.
But to this beloved son of God we are further indebted for the
animating expectation of future life and immortality, confirmed
by his own death and resurrection. That the dead shall be raised
and judgment pass upon all moral agents according to the nature
•of their conduct, is clearly taught in the gospel, and in this all-
•concerning truth is contained the most powerful motive to right-
eousness of life.
In his exhortation to maintain public worship Mr.
Harrison tells us something of the state of his own con-
gregation : —
I would exhort you to confess Christ before men by maintaining
a proper sense of the importance of religious institutions, and by
a regular and serious attendance upon them. Far is it from mj'
intention to insinuate that such an exhortation is peculiarly
needful in your case — on the contrary, it affords me sincere
pleasure thus publicly to state, that generally speaking, your
■conduct in this respect has been such as bespeaks sincerity and
zeal in your religious profession. I have even the gratification
•of observing, that besides a regular attendance upon the stated
means of christian edification, a laudable desire of improvement
has induced some among you to meet together on the evening
of the Lord's day, and that of this number the young form a
considerable proportion.
What a delightful prospect does this hold out to yourselves, your
iriends, and the religious society with which you are connected.
By persevering in this course, your minds will gradually expand,
and your views take a higher aim — you will in the most satis-
factory manner repay the cares of those who feel a deep interest
in your welfare, and become enlightened and iiseful members of
the church of Christ. Under these circumstances there is, I
trust, little ground to fear that you will become indifferent to
religion itself, or negligent of its instrumental duties ; but on the
contrary every reason to hope that you will always consider a
regular attendance upon the public worship of God, and upon all
the ministrations of the gospel as one of your most sacred duties.
In concluding the sermon the preacher refers to himself.
He had lately had pressed upon him a serious review
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. ^8y
of the duties attached to his office and the manner in
which he had discharged them, and how far his ministry
had contributed to their edification and the general
progress of rehgious truth. He pleaded his best endeav-
ours and good intentions, but was afraid the imperfections
of his services must often have required their utmost
indulgence. In fulfilling his duties he had in many
instances been guided by circumstances as they arose and
these had frequently led him into the discussion of
controversial questions. " Still," he says, " you will bear
me witness, that the general strain of my preaching has
been practical rather than controversial."
The sermon was preached on December 9th, 1827, when
Mr. Harrison had occupied his position for 32 years, and
was looking forward to the end of his ministry, " an
event which in the natural course of things cannot be long
delayed, and which circumstances may possibly accel-
erate."
The Test and Corporation Acts under which Dissenters
had suffered for more than a century were repealed in
1828. During the linal agitation for their repeal the
" Unitarian Dissenters residing in the Town of Kendal "
petitioned Parliament on the subject, praying that
" those acts, or such parts of them as require the Sacra-
ment to be taken according to the usage of the Church
of England, and conformity to that Established Church,
as a qualification to the enjoyment of civil office, may
be repealed."*
Though the Test and Corporation Acts were duly
abolished, it was some little time before Dissenters were
really able to take their proper part in municipal work.
Indeed, it may be said that the corporations generally
remained closed to Dissenters until the Municipal Cor-
porations Act of 1835 was put into force. Under the old
* Commons' Journals (nth June, 1827), Ixxxii., 540 ; Lords' Journals (31st
May, 1827), lix., 372.
388 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
system the corporations were self-elected. Under the
new the majority of the council were elected by the
ratepayers.
Mr. Harrison died at the Minister's House on 6th May,
1833, and was buried in the Chapel yard, the funeral
being conducted by the Rev. George Lee. The Kendal
Chronicle eulogized him in these words : —
Mr. Harrison's talents and acquirements were of no ordinary
kind — he was an excellent scholar — his understanding was acute
and vigorous — his temper generous and cheerful — his manners
kind and unaffected — and his spirit so truly catholic and christian,
that it was evident he had been much with Jesus, and had im-
bibed the spirit of his gospel, pure and unadulterated. His
pulpit services were clear, rational and scriptural, his appearance
dignified and venerable, his voice remarkably fine, and his whole
manner simple, impressive, and devout. His character was
modest and retiring, so that the world knew him not, but in
losing him, the sacred cause of civil and religious liberty has
lost one of its firmest and most enlightened friends.
Fuller appreciations of him appeared in the Christian
Reformer of 1833 (p. 227) over the signature of " W.L.,
Liverpool," evidently an intimate friend,* and in the
Unitarian Chronicle of the same year (p. 221). From
the former we make some extracts : —
The remote situation in which he was there called to labour —
the small number of Unitarian ministers of the present day by
whom he was personally known — the importance of the station
as a conspicuous depositary of Christian truth in the North-
western district of England, and the success which attended his
ministerial services, amidst opposition and obloquy — all these
circumstances justify a more lengthened notice of his talents
and character than would otherwise be required in the obituary
of a periodical publication.
An intimacy of more than a quarter of a century between
himself and the writer of this sketch of his life, was more than
sufi&cient for a full estimate of his open and generous character ;
* Probably the Rev. William Lamport, minister of St. Nicholas Street
Chapel, Lancaster, 1804-1829.
JOHN HARRISON, I796-1833. 389
in which piety, benevolence, cheerfulness and intelligence, were
the most prominent features. If he was not a great man, he was
a clever and good man ; if he did not discover new truths, he
had a rapid perception of them, and a perspicuous manner of
expressing them. . . .
Mr. Harrison was familiar with one of the strong-holds of
Unitarianism ; for he knew the strength of that line of argument
which disproves the doctrine of the Trinity, by the absence of
all reference to it (in the New Testament) where there would be
a moral certainty of its being taught — and explicitly taught —
had it constituted an essential tenet of the Christian faith. . . .
To the testimony of his hearers, may be added the highly-
respectable and valuable opinion of Mr. Ottiwell Wood, in favour
of his talents in the interpretation of controverted passages of
scripture. When the opportunity presented itself, the energies
of his clear understanding were made to bear with resistless effect
on unscriptural glosses ; and in a very few sentences would the
error be detected, and the true sense triumphantly established.
It was the great happiness of his life to feel himself connected
with a religious society who could estimate his merits, and who
would neither retard his progress in the pursuit of truth, nor
censure its explicit avowal. He felt himself circumstanced as
a minister of his elevated and fearless spirit, and uncompromising
integrity, would wish to be. He was the beloved friend, as well
as the respected pastor, of his flock. He was not treated as the
humble companion of the rich. He was not trampled upon
because he was paid. He was not degraded to the level of a
mechanical labourer, because he deemed himself worthy of his
hire. Full of animation in social intercourse, his pure mind still
sustained the dignity of his profession. Never can the writer
of this tribute to his memory forget the vivid smile of welcome
with which he greeted his arrival, come when he would, and
circumstanced however his venerable host might be, through
domestic grievances and professional duties.
This good man suffered much bodily pain in the latter part
of his life, but he endured what was inflicted with singular
fortitude. That fortitude was partly the result of high-minded-
ness, but chiefly the effect of those cheerful views of the moral
administration of Providence, which he derived from his Unitarian
principles. Alas, for the sorrows of the homestead and the
hearth ! those trials which must not be told beyond the spot
where they were felt and mourned and surmounted ! Our friend
knew them well and bore them well, for he had that unfading
390 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
and unfailing hope which is a light from heaven and a guide
towards heaven.*
The Unitarian Chronicle estimate is equally eulogistic : — ■
The remark that the life of a scholar seldom abounds with adven-
ture, is true, for the most part, in a still higher degree of the
devoted and conscientious preacher of the gospel.
With talents, and a habit of mind that would have justified
him in seeking for a wide and public sphere of action, he chose
to devote himself humbly and unostentatiously to the duties of
the ministry, regardless of all beside, so long as his conscience
approved itself to God, and he was useful to his brethren of
mankind.
The prevailing feature in Mr. Harrison's intellectual character
was clearness and strength, and, at the same time, extent of
perception ; the main points and bearings of any subject upon
which he had to be employed, he could in a moment seize upon ;
and presenting them to his hearers in lucid and perspicuous
language, he was often enabled to produce conviction, when
more elaborate efforts would have failed. His sermons, without
perhaps ever rising to eloquence, in the ordinary acceptation of
the term, or containing passages of great power or splendour,
were distinguished by a simplicity and precision of style, and by
a weight of matter, which rivetted the attention, and to his
stated hearers brought far more delight and improvement, than
the most striking displays of oratory would have done.
The effect of his pulpit services, was, in no small degree, en-
hanced by his venerable and patriarchal appearance. Gifted, too,
by nature with a voice of uncommon power and sweetness, and
enforcing the solemn and awakening truths of the gospel with
the modesty of an inquirer rather than the authority of a master,
he acquired a personal influence over the minds of his hearers
that no talent, however exalted, could command. Never was
there a man with equal pretension to guide the belief of others
less disposed to exercise dominion over faith ; and, as was
natural, that deference which he disclaimed was in a more ample
portion awarded to him. Few ministers who were equally
acceptable in their public services have so seldom quitted their
pulpit ; absence of personal vanity and a retiring disposition
were striking peculiarities in the character of the excellent indi-
vidual to whose memory this imperfect tribute is addressed.
* The " trials " referred to are no doubt the deaths of his wife and children.
JOHN HARRISON, 1796-1833. 391
Applause for his outward gifts was what he least courted ; he
was content to do his duty at home quietly and unostentatiously,
regarding the final end of his ministry, the salvation of souls,
rather than gratifying an unholy taste for novelty in others,
and pandering to his own self-complacency.
A man of such a cast of mind as this could not entertain any
sectarian or confined views of the of&ce of a Christian minister ;
and, accordingly, the efforts of Mr. Harrison in advancing the
cause of human improvement were not restricted to the pulpit.
His co-operation was eagerly sought, and, so long as he was
blessed with health and strength, as willingly yielded, whenever
any measure of public utility was brought forward in the town
in which Providence had fixed his station. That religious faith
which he advocated he considered to have its end in the mental
and spiritual elevation of his species, and every thing which
conduced to the same result he thought to be within his province ;
he no more fancied that his sabbath duties comprised the whole
of what was required from him, than he conceived that the sum
and substance of religion consisted in attending upon religious
ordinances.
Mr. Harrison committed to the press several publications ;
but the modesty and unassuming disposition which have been
mentioned as so characteristic of him, would not allow him to
seek for them more than the local circulation which the circum-
stances that gave rise to them demanded, although they were
possessed of a general and a permanent interest. . . . He
published also an excellent though little known work, in
a series of monthly numbers, called the " Christian Instructor.
or Occasional Expositor." This was called forth by a rude and
ignorant attack upon the Unitarians, it is believed, in one of the
Kendal newspapers, and consists of twelve short essays upon
the principal points of the Unitarian faith ; they are clear, con-
vincing, temperate ; every way honourable to the advocate, and
calculated to serve the cause he espouses.
Mr. Harrison had, for some time before his death, laboured
under an infirm state of health, and was occasionally absent
from his pulpit the last few months of his life. The Sunday
but one before his decease he was observed to preach with greater
animation than he had displayed for a long period, (and his
delivery was for the most part of a very animated character,)
as if he sought to pour out upon his beloved hearers his whole
soul ere he left them, in the same way as the lamp gathers its
expiring light into one blaze before it expires in the socket. On
392 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
the succeeding Sabbath he was up and dressed early in the
morning as for his usual services ; and though it was obviously
impossible that he could undertake them, his thoughts were all
directed to his charge ; in the evening, as if anxious to bid fare-
well to the sanctuary in which he had so long and so faithfully
ministered, he left his house with much difficulty, and sat a while
in the Chapel-yard ; on the ensuing morning, his spirit was
summoned away by Him who gave it, Providence granting a
wish he had often and earnestly expressed, that he might be
spared a lingering death.
His remains were interred in the burying ground adjoining
the chapel, and the melancholy dispensation improved on the
subsequent Sunday to a very numerous and deeply sorrowing
congregation, by Mr. Lee, from Lancaster. Not, however, to a
congregation sorrowing as those without hope, but mingling with
a sense of bereavement gratitude to God, who had lent them so
long the blessing of such a minister, and knowing that the best
tribute of respect they could pay to his memory, was a faithful
obedience to the lessons he taught.
Harrison married Alice, daughter of Robert Housman*
of Lune Bank, Skerton, Lancaster, maltster, by his wife
Agnes Gunson of Ulpha, Westmorland.
Mrs. Harrison died 4th August, 1832, and was buried
in the Chapel yard. The children of Mr. Harrison, all
born before he came to Kendal, t were : (i) Agnes, born
4th May, 1785, buried at Kendal Chapel 25th May, 1831.
(2) Edward, born 23rd August, 1786, who became a
trustee of the Chapel and is noticed separately. (3)
Robert, born 2nd January, 1788, buried at Kendal
Chapel 7th April, 1809. (4) Ellen, born 31st March,
* The Housmans had been connected with Lancaster for many generations.
Several times persons of the name were churchwardens. Mrs. Harrison's
uncle John was Mayor of Lancaster in 1787, and one of Iier brotliers, Lieut. -
CoL William Housman, was a member of the Corporation, while another
was the erstwhile famous Rev. Robert Housman, founder and first incumbent
of St. Anne's, Lancaster, a well-known Evangelical clergyman. Mrs. Harrison's
sister, Mary, married John Higgin, Keeper of Lancaster Castle, and was
mother of William Higgin, Bishop of Derry, and of John Higgin, Town Clerk
of Lancaster, and grandmother of W. H. Higgin, Q.C. (Information of Mr.
W. Hewitson).
t An eld Bible in the vestry of the Kendal Chapel contains a memorandum
recording the dates of the cliildren's births, taken from the Register of St.
Nicholas Street Chapel, Lancaster.
JOHN HARRISON, 1796-1833. 393
1789. (5) Thomas, born 28th May, 1790, and (6) Alicia,
born 8th July, 1791, died 17th April, • 1868, aged yj ,
buried in the Castle Street Cemetery.
The following is the memorial to John Harrison and
his wife in the yard behind the Chapel : —
Beneath this Stone
he the remains of the
Rev. John Harrison,
who died May 6th 1833, Aged 72 Years. •
During 37 years he was
the eloquent and admired preacher
of the Gospel at this Chapel :
and like his Predecessors, he was a strenuous
and consistent advocate of
Christian Liberty.
Alice, the wife of the Rev. John Harrison,
was interred near this place
August 4th 1832. Aged 77 years.
The Rev. George Lee who conducted the service at
Mr. Harrison's funeral was long associated with Kendal,
being for many years editor of the Kendal Mercury. He
was the son of the Rev. George Lee of Hull, and
grandson of John Lee who was buried at Elland
1790.* Born in Hull loth September, 1805, he studied
at Manchester College, York, 1821-1826, and then
became minister at Boston. In 1829 he removed to
Lancaster, and there remained until 1835 when he became
editor of the Mercury, a position he retained until his
death. During his journalistic career he did not entirely
abandon ministerial work, but preached occasionally at
Kendal and elsewhere. His voice was " dreepy," to use
a Westmorland word expressive of drawling, a fact which
probably explains his change of profession.
According to a journalist who had worked under him,
Mr. Lee was " one of the kindest of men, who wrote one
* G. E. Evans's Antiquarian Notes, i., 73.
394 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of the worst hands for ' copy ' in the world."* Mr. Lee
died at Kendal 5th June, 1862, and was buried in the
Castle Street Cemetery, where there is a gravestone
inscribed to his memory.
On 2rd May, 1842, he was married at the Chapel to
Jane Agnes, daughter of Joseph Whitaker (trustee, 1815).
She was born 24th February, 1812, and died 30th August,
1866. Mr. Lee's son was the well-known Rawdon B.
Lee (trustee, 1868), of whom there is a notice in another
chapter. Other children were George Whitaker Lee
(born loth June, 1843, died 26th November, 1862) and
Ann Elizabeth (born 13th October, 1847, died 5th
August, 1865), both of whom were buried with their
parents in the Castle Street Cemetery.
* Yorkshire Bibliographer, i., igi.
395
XXX.
James Kay and the Unitarian Baptists.
DURING Harrison's ministry at the Market Place
Chapel a separate congregation, the Unitarian
Baptists, had its beginning and ending, the bulk of the
members joining the older Unitarian congregation.
The founder of the congregation was the Rev. James
Kay,* who was the son of James Kay of Heap, near Bury,
by his wife Betty, daughter of Charles Hill. Born 21st
June, 1777, he was baptized at Bury Parish Church loth
July, 1777. His father died in 1779. Kay, having
studied at Rotherham College, accepted the call of the
New Street Congregational Church, Kendal, and was
solemnly set apart to the pastoral ofiice 29th July, i8oi.t
In 1810, " after a severe struggle with his old faith,"
Kay, having adopted Unitarian and Baptist J opinions,
withdrew from the Congregational ministry, and with
some of his congregation established a church of Unitarian
Baptists of which he became minister. Mr. John Greenhow
was perhaps the principal member of the congregation,
and James Braithwaite, Robert Atkin, Richard Smith
and others were active workers.
William Jennings was another who came to Unitarianism
apparently through Mr. Kay. He had been a member of
the Inghamite Chapel, but seceded or was excluded on
the question of adult baptism. He then joined the con-
gregation in the New Street Chapel, and followed Mr.
* We are indebted to Mr. William Hewitson, of Bury, for many of the
biographical facts, practically all hitherto unpublished, relating to Mr. Kay.
t Evangelical Magazine, 1801, p. 374.
I It is possible that Kay had Baptist opinions from the beginning of his
ministry, as amongst the records transferred to the Market Place Chapel is
a register of births (not baptisms) beginning in February, 1801, certified by
James Kay, Protestant Dissenting minister.
396 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Kay when he formed his separate congregation. He
does not appear to have become a Unitarian as soon
as Mr. Kay did, for in 1813* we find him controverting
as not being " scriptural " the sentiment of Richard
Wright " that if any members of a Christian church do
verily deny the divine mission, miracles and resurrection
of the Lord Jesus Christ, the other members of that
church have no right whatever to exclude them on that
account from Christian communion." At a date not
much later he was certainly a Unitarian, and went with
Kay's followers to the Market Place Chapel, of which
he became a useful member. Fond of controversy, he
attended the Rev. Robert Wilson's lectures on doctrinal
points in connection with the attempt of the Calvinists
to gain possession of the Chapel ; and replied to the
orthodox arguments in several pamphlets. j It is not
by his polemical efforts, that Jennings is to be remem-
bered, but by his enormous size, he being " the stoutest
and heaviest man, that, perhaps the town of Kendal
has ever contained." At his death, we are told by D.
K. K., his coffin had to be double the breadth and depth
of an ordinary stout man, and the window of the second
story bedroom had to be taken out, and his remains
allowed to slide down a gangway of planks into the ad-
joining yard as the stairs and doorways within the house
were too narrow to allow the passage of the cofhn. In
business Jennings was a corn-merchant, cheese-monger
and wholesale grocer, and in these capacities was charged
with having raised the price of the people's food. J He
* Monthly Repository, viii., 591.
t D. K. K., i.e., Mr. H. W. Duncan, published in 1890 an interesting little
volume of Reminiscences of persons and places in Kendal from which here
and elsewhere we have quoted.
J In the good old days when corn was dear and the working people were
on the verge ot starvation the charge of raising the price of food was often
brought against the corn-merchants. Though these men may have increased
their prices when stocks were low, the real causes of the scarcity were the
Corn Laws, which prevented the operation of the economic law of supply
and demand.
JAMES KAY AND THE UNITARIAN BAPTISTS. 397
was a promoter of the New Union Building Society,
which combined with the ordinary objects of a building
society, the political object of increasing the voting
strength of the True Blue or Liberal party in the county.*
Of this society Jennings was secretary, and being some-
what of an architect, designed the plans for many of the
houses it built. Jennings was buried in the chapel yard
on 3rd January, 1833, aged 51.
Mr. Kay's congregation could not have been a large
one, I and as Kay had an earthenware shop in Strickland-
gate, | we may surmise that his salary was small and had
to be supplemented from other sources.
The Unitarian Baptists, or " dippers " as thev were
called, met for worship in the Caledonian Room on the
south side of the Market Place. Their baptisms were
performed early on, Sunday mornings in the River Kent
and the Anchorite's Well. The last birth registered by
Kay was on 9th September, 1816, and in 1817 his health
giving way, he resigned the pastoral charge and left
Kendal. § His congregation continued for a short time,
but do not appear to have chosen another minister, and
eventually joined the Market Place congregation. As
they or some of them still retained their opinions against
infant baptism, the separate register of births was con-
tinued, the first entry signed by John Harrison being
that of a child born 3rd May, 1818. Probably that was
the year in which the two societies were united, though
between July and October the Baptists were still in
existence as a congregation. ]|
* Its political character is shown by the toast, " Equal rights, equal laws
and liberty of conscience," proposed at its first anniversary, November, 1826
{Local Chronology, p. 68).
tit was a generous one nevertheless, as witness the collection of £3 iis.
for "Distressed Germans" in 1814 (Kendal Chronicle, 13th March, r8i4).
% It appears from the Register of births that Kay lived in New Street, 1803-
1804 ; Kirkland, 1806-1810, and Stricklandgate, 1812-1815.
§ Nightingale gives the date of Kay's departure as 1820, but he had not
correct information.
II Christian Reformer, 1819, p. 250.
398 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Kay's subsequent career is of interest. When he left
Kendal his intention was to leave the ministry and to
live on and cultivate an inherited estate at Heap Fold,
Heap, his native place. However, in 1819, he was invited
to take charge of the Unitarian congregation at Hindley,
near Wigan, where he remained two years. Though he
was comfortably situated there he had a large family,
and in order to give them more scope he decided to
emigrate to the United States. In company with seven
other families, he and his wife and children arrived there
in June, 1821. His early experiences as an emigrant are
told in a letter to his friend, Robert Greenhow, of Kendal.*
Northumberland, Pennsylvania
LTnited States of America
July 6, 1822.
Emigration to a foreign country with a large family is much
more pleasing in theory than in practice. It is impossible for
any one to conceive, when seated on his own comfortable hearth,
laying plans for his future execution in a foreign country, the
many disappointments, perplexities, anxieties and distresses
that will assail and surround him before he obtains a comfortable
settlement in a land of strangers.
For some months after my arrival in the countrj^ I felt strong
doubts of the propriety of the step I had taken. I well nigh
lost my wife and Samuel by that insidious and dangerous disease
of hot climates, the dysentery. But though this sickness of my
family was a most painful trial, yet I met with so much sympathy
and kindness as tended most powerfully to support my mind,
and gave me a high idea of the beneficence of the friends to
whom I had been introduced.
The physician that attended my family with unwearied dili-
gence, though an entire stranger to me before, refused to receive
a single dollar for his attention, whereas had he charged as he
usually did, I could not have had less than 200 dollars to have
paid. Thus I began to feel, that though in a land of strangers,
I was in a land where the best feelings of the heart were cherished,
and where every grace of Christianity was in full exercise.
* Christian Reformer, 1823, p. 100.
JAMES KAY AND THE UNITARIAN BAPTISTS. 399
Having now been in this country more than twelve months,
I am enabled to form a more correct and dispassionate judgment
of the step I have taken. And now I am not only satisfied \vith
my removal from the land of my fathers, but feel every day
increasing cause for gratitude that I was induced to take this
step. My circle of friends and acquaintances is as large as ever
it was in the old country, and I never met with more kindness
and attentions than I have received and continue to receive in
this country. My sphere of usefulness as a minister was never
so extensive as it is now, and my prospects of success never so
flattering as at present. As soon as my wife and family were
sufficiently recovered, I removed to this town, which is distant
from Philadelphia 134 miles, and delightfully situated on one
of the most beautiful and picturesque rivers I ever saw. You
will recollect that this is the town where the great and good
Dr. Priestley spent the latter years of his useful life, and where
he published some of his most useful works. Here, then, I sat
down as a minister, having a very small number of Unitarian
friends, who were desirous I should settle here and be their
minister.
Among this number is Joseph Priestley, the grandson of the
Doctor. I had scarcely commenced my duties as a minister
before I found I was in a nest of hornets. Every pulpit in the
neighbourhood sounded the tocsin of alarm, and warned their
respective hearers to have nothing to do with the new minister,
and studiously to keep from hearing him. I was called upon
to give a confession of Unitarian views of truth, through the
medium of the newspapers, and shortly after a small piece was
published in defence of the doctrine of the Trinity, by a respect-
able Lutheran minister, and most industriously circulated. I
attended both these calls. And now, after a residence of nine
months, I have the pleasure to say that the face of things has
completely changed. The Lutheran minister who wrote against
me is become a decided Unitarian, and a spirit of inquiry is afloat
to the distance of thirty or forty miles, and a very considerable
number have become openly and avowedly Unitarians. I
regularly preach at stated intervals in Northumberland, Sunbury
(the county-town) and Milton, and occasionally at Chiles-quaque,
New Berlin, Lewisburg, and Pennsborough, in all which places
a spirit of inquiry is excited. In the month of February last,
I was elected Principal of the College in this town, which I have
conducted by the assistance of my son Samuel, who takes the
classical and mathematical departments. In consequence of
400 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
this election, I am in possession of a large house and five acres of
land, most delightfully situated on the Susquehanna, and besides
make a regular charge for every pupil. Our prospect of success
in the College is not very flattering, as the whole Calvinistic
interest is against us. But perhaps we may ultimately succeed.
If not, I am in possession of a comfortable house, which will
give me time to determine what other course to take.
I promised to write to my highly-esteemed friend James
Braithwaite ; I hope you will shew him this letter which will
supersede the necessity of my writing directly to him. Tell
him that I am now well satisfied with the country and its climate ;
but I think that many persons come here who had better remain
in the old country.
It is not the country for any mere professional man without
money ; the professions are filled up. The mere labourer has
no business here. The weaver with a little money would be
sure to better his circumstances. Weavers in Philadelphia can
earn six dollars per week, and can be very well supported for
two. The farmer with a little money and a competent share of
perseverance could not fail to succeed. These are the only
persons who appear to me to be likely to improve their circum-
stances by the change, unless, perhaps, I mention the annuitant,
who may certainly live cheaper here than in England.
Our friend Campbell is going on pretty well, though his health
of late has been very bad.
The Unitarian cause is spreading in every direction with a
rapidity with alarms the Orthodox most sadly. They rage and
oppose us in the most violent manner ; still the cause proceeds
and is making converts every day, from the Halls of Congress
to the extremity of the Union. Our mutual friend. Little, is
become the pastor of a Unitarian congregation just established
in the Capital, with the most pleasing prospects of success and
usefulness. I have had the pleasure of an interview with him,
and a few days ago had a very pleasing letter from him, giving
me an account of the opening of their new church (for every place
of woi;ship here is called a church).
When I came to this country, I brought with me a number
of Unitarian tracts, which have been very useful in aiding our
cause. If any friend should be coming from your neighbourhood
to this country, we should be glad if you would make up a packet
of tracts and books for us. You will excuse this liberty : I am
begging in a good cause.
JAMES KAY AND THE UNITARIAN BAPTISTS. 401
Kay was heard from again in 1827, when he was-
engaged in " a controversy on the great Unitarian ques-
tions with an able and acute disputant of the orthodox
schooL" He asked for a grant of tracts from the Tract
Society, and says " If they knew the smah remuneration
I receive for my services as a minister, they would conclude
that I have it not in my power to expend much on the
purchase of books. I suspect that I have not received,
clear of all expenses, £30 per annum for all my labours
since I came to this country."*
At Northumberland he remained until his death. A
tablet in the church there is inscribed " Rev. James
Kay, the faithful pastor of this Church for twenty-five
years, and a true disciple of Christ, he went about doing
good. A grateful people here record his worth. Bom
June 21, 1777. Died September 22, 1847." His wife,
Hannah (probably nee Ibbetson), was born at Halifax
2ist March, 1776, and died 2nd October, 1850. Of the
numerous children of the Rev. James Kay, all but one
of whom were born at Kendal, Charles H. Kay died i8th
August, 1851, and Elizabeth, wife of Isaac Pugh, died
24th April, 1896. Mr. James I. Kay of Pittsburgh, Pa., is
a grandson of the Kendal minister, and has supplied to
Mr. Hewitson some of the information embodied above.
* Christian Reformer, 1827, p. 243.
2 D
1'
402
XXXI.
Edward Hawkes, M.A., 1833-1866.
'R. HARRISON'S successor was the Rev. Edward
Hawkes, M.A. He was the son of the Rev. James
Hawkes* (1771-1846) successively minister of Congleton,
Dukinfield, Lincoln and Nantwich.
Edward Hawkes was born on July 27th, 1803, in
Manchester, and was educated at a private school there
and at Glasgow University, | where he graduated M.A.
n 1824.
From 1827 to 1833 he was Secretary of the Widows'
Fund, having previously been a teacher. When he
accepted the invitation to Kendal he was described as
of Pendlebury,:]: but the family record § has it that it
was not Pendlebury but Pendleton, near Manchester,
and that he had, at the instance of his friend Mr,
Duckworth, filled the pulpit there for nearly three
years.
Mr. Hawkes was elected minister on 20th June, 1833,
and new trustees were appointed in the same year. The
new trust deed was dated 14th December, 1833. The
retiring trustees, of whom there were only three sur-
viving, under the trust of 1815, were Joseph Whitaker
of Kendal, gentleman ; Thomas Relph, late of Kendal,
* A memoir of James Hawkes appears in the Rev. Alexander Gordon's
Dukinfield Chapel, p. 64. James Hawlves, wiio was not related to the better
known Rev. William Hawkes, of Mosley Street Chapel, Manchester, had
married Ann, daughter of Joel Marshall, a prominent member of the Lough-
borough congregation. Mrs. Hawkes was sister of the Rev. William Marshall
and of the wife of the Rev. Edward Higginson (Rev. W. H. Burgess's History
of the Loughborough Unitarian Congregation, p. 15).
t When he went to college his father presented to him a tortoise-shell snuff
box, with the condition that he should never take snuff.
% Unitarian Chronicle, 1833, p. 224.
§ In Memoriam, Rev. Edward Hawkes.
The Rev. EDWARD HAWKES, M.A.
FACE P. 402.
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 403
but then of Cartmel, co. Lancaster, saddler ; and William
Patten of Kendal, tea dealer, formerly a weaver. The
new trustees were James Braithwaite, flour dealer ;
George Hinde, gentleman ; George Relph Greenhow,
ivory comb manufacturer ; Cuthbert Relph Greenhow,
gentleman ; Thomas Webster, druggist ; William Jolly,
shopkeeper ; and John Pearson, canvas manufacturer,
all of Kendal, and Thomas Ainsworth of Summer Hill, in
Ulverston, gentleman.
On 24th June, 1835, Mr. Hawkes married Miss Jane
Greenhow, and so became connected with perhaps the
most influential family in his congregation.
Mr. Hawkes was a militant Unitarian, and his con-
troversies were by no means few. One of the earliest
arose from the indiscreet introduction of Trinitarian
theology at a temperance meeting. There had been two
temperance societies in Kendal, one advocating " modera-
tion " in the use of intoxicating liquors, and the other
total abstinence. The moderation party suggested a
union of the societies on a basis including two pledges,
a recommendation to those who signed either of them
to offer " sincere prayer to God for the assistance of his
Holy Spirit, in order to its conscientious and persevering
observance," and a rule that " no sentiments upon
party politics or controversial theology be allowed." The
Total Abstinence committee were willing to co-operate
on the principle of each society retaining its own laws
and modes of operation but uniting at monthly meetings.
A general meeting of the Total Abstinence Society was
held, at which Mr. Hawkes proposed the plan of union
suggested by its committee. The plan of the Temperance
Society was proposed as an amendment, and it having
been stated that the rules had been altered to make it
more acceptable, the amendment was carried and the
union of the two societies effected. It was not, however,
mentioned that the alterations in the rules included the
404 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
erasure of the rule prohibiting controversial theology.
Shortly afterwards a Trinitarian (the Rev. Henry Calder-
wood) occupied the greater part of the time at a meeting
of the Youths' Society, in lecturing on the Deity of
Christ.
At a subsequent meeting (8th Feb., 1836) Mr. Hawkes
made some observations on the importance of adhering
to the rule prohibiting controversial theology. He had,
he said, thought the recommendation of the Society
" to offer prayer to God for the assistance of his Holy
Spirit " in some measure an infringement of the rule,
but that he had never objected to it as an individual.
To the astonishment of most of those present the Secretary
announced that there was no such rule. Mr. Hawkes
then withdrew his observations. The discovery of the
adoption of the rule giving a sectarian character to the
Kendal District Society for the Suppression of Intem-
perance was promptly followed by the formation of
another society, the " Liberal Temperance Society,"
at a public meeting held at the Oddfellows' Hall, Kendal,
on February 14th, when Mr. G. R. Greenhow occupied
the chair. The speakers were Messrs. John Gill, Brock-
bank, Swinglehurst,* Pearson, Jolly, and T. Poole and
the Rev. Edward Hawkes. A committee was appointed
to meet at the Temperance Coffee-House, but the land-
lady informed the members that " she was not authorized
to allow the Committee to hold its meetings there." Thus
boycotted the Liberal Temperance Society made arrange-
ments for a house of its own, and was able to announce
that " The Liberal Temperance Hotel and News-Room "
would be opened early in March at the house of Mrs.
Dixon, Finkle Street. A Full report of the proceedings
in this matter was issued from the Mercury office, and was
followed by a reply on behalf of the Temperance Society
* Probably E. Swinglehurst who contributed a report on teetotal progress
in Kendal to the Preston Temperance Advocate, 1835, p. 70.
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 405
signed by E. W. Wakefield, Robert Hunt, Henry Calder-
wood, George Benson, Robert Cragg and J. J. Wilson,
to which Mr. Hawkes made a rejoinder.
In these, his early useful years at Kendal, Mr. Hawkes
was a leader amongst the teetotallers, and the local
societies were strong. On Whit-Tuesday, 1837, the
Kendal Auxihary Temperance Society held its second
annual festival, " amidst the romantic beauties of Pine
Crags." Tea was served to 140 persons and addresses
were given by Messrs. J. Gill and Thomas Poole, and by
two Unitarian ministers, the Rev. Franklin Howorth and
Dr. J. R. Beard.*
An Act of Parliament, passed in 1837 (6 and 7 Wihiam
IV., chapter 85), enabled marriages to be solemnized in
Nonconformist places of worship, and the " separate
building, commonly caHed and known by the name of
the Unitarian Chapel, situated at the east side of the
Market-place in Kendal " was, on 4th July, 1837, duly
registered for this purpose. 7 In the foHowing June
notice was given that the chapel was, on 4th July, 1837,
registered for the solemnization of marriages, but on this
occasion the chapel is described as " a separate building
named the Dissenting Chapel situated on the east side
of the Market-place. "I The change in the description
of the chapel was probably made in connection with the
claim of the Scotch Presbyterians, mentioned later, it
being regarded as important at the time that the
Unitarianism of the congregation should not be made
too prominent.
In 1837 3- Unitarian was elected to represent Kendal in
Parliament. This was George William Wood, who later
was to render useful service to Nonconformity by his work
for the Dissenters' Chapels Act. Mr. Wood was the son
* Preston Temperance Advocate, 1837, p. 54.
■\ London Gazette, 25th July, 1837, p. 1926.
X London Gazette, 19th June, 1838, p. 1388.
406 THE OLDER NONCONFORMIYT IN KENDAL.
of a Unitarian minister, the Rev. William Wood, of Leeds.
He became a prosperous merchant in Manchester, and
like most of the Unitarians of his generation took an
active part in public work. In 1832 he was elected M.P.
for South Lancashire, but was defeated in 1835. Mr.
Wood stood as " a friend to Civil and Religious Liberty "
and he seems to have had no previous connection with
Kendal. When on i8th March, 1837, he made his first
speech, he stated that "he was probably a stranger to all who
then heard him, but he did not feel himself altogether a
stranger to Kendal. He had known for many years and
highly respected their excellent townsman the late Mr.
Thomson — a gentleman whom he believed had often
acted as one of their leaders in their political struggles in
former days. He had enjoyed the friendship of Mr.
Thomson's son, the late lamented and distinguished
Dr. Thomson of Halifax, who was a native of this town
and whom he had often heard speak of the independent
spirit of its inhabitants, and of the exertions of the free-
holders of the town and neighbourhood in their struggles
for the freedom of Westmorland." He also knew Dr.
Dalton and Dr. Holme. It is probable enough that his
introduction to Kendal was due to Dr. Holme. At this
meeting Mr. Hawkes was one of the speakers, and he and
two or three other members of the congregation signed
the requisition to Mr. Wood. Mr. Wood was elected
without a contest, the Tory who had been nominated
having withdrawn. Mr. Wood's address of thanks is
dated 25th July 1832, a curious misprint for 1837.
Although Mr. Wood was one of Mr. Hawkes's own
denomination, Mr. Hawkes did not shrink from taking
him to task when he thought it necessary. In 1839 ^^•
Wood had seconded the Address, and in doing so had
referred to the " satisfactory state " of the manufactures
of the kingdom. The Anti-Corn-Law League was then
active and Mr. Hawkes was one of its local leaders, and
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 407
at an indignation meeting of electors and working men,
over which Mr. Hawkes presided, the Member of ParHa-
ment was severely reprimanded for having taken so
cheerful a view of the state of manufactures, which,,
instead of being in the condition described by Mr. Wood,
were believed by the meeting to be in " a most alarming
and precarious state." The meeting expressed its behef
that Mr. Wood had inflicted irreparable injury on the
repeal of the Corn Laws and voted its " total want of
confidence in Mr. Wood's ability and sincerity." The
meeting took its tone from its Chairman. A similar
protest was made by the Kendal Anti-Corn-Law Associa-
tion, but on reconsideration at a later meeting the
Association blamed Mr. Hawkes for taking part in the
workmen's meeting and accepted as satisfactory an
explanation made by Mr. Wood. No permanent ill-
feeling seems to have resulted from this affair.*
Mr. Hawkes was the recipient in 1838 of a silver cream
jug subscribed for and, to quote the inscription, " Pre-
sented by a number of the working classes of Kendal as
a mark of respect to the Rev. Edward Hawkes, M.A.,
for his constant endeavours to promote their mental,
and moral welfare. Aug. 8th, 1838."! The cream jug,
a beautiful piece of workmanship, is in the possession
of Mr. Hawkes's son, Mr. J. E. Hawkes of Birkenhead.
In 1838 the Unitarian congregation were threatened
with the loss of their chapel and its endowments. The
circumstances were these : An orthodox Calvinistic con-
gregation had, some sixty years before, begun as Presby-
terian, but had soon become Congregationalist. Though
efforts were made to continue a Presbyterian congregation
they eventually failed, and for a considerable period
* We are indebted to George William Rayner Wood, Esq., J. P., of
Singleton, for access to his grandfather's papers relating to the period when
Mr. G. W. Wood was M.P. for Kendal.
t In Memoriam, p. 13.
408 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
there was in Kendal no congregation of Presbyterians
other than the Unitarian congregation.
In 1823 the United Associate Presbytery of Annan
and Carhsle made a successful attempt to re-introduce
Calvinistic Presbyterianism into Kendal, and in 1838
there was a congregation meeting in a chapel in the
Woolpack Yard.
Encouraged by proceedings elsewhere this congregation
of Scotch Seceders, as they were commonly called, decided
to claim the chapel and endowments held by the
Unitarians. It is not necessary to assume that the
only or even the principal motive of the Seceders was
a mercenary one. No doubt the possession of the chapel
and endowments had some weight on both sides of the
controversy, but we shall probably be doing less than
justice to the Seceders if we do not recognize that their
chief anxiety was to prevent the continued misappro-
priation, as they considered it, by the Unitarians, of
property left, as they argued, for Presbyterian use.
Their opinion was that the founders of the chapel were
orthodox Calvinistic Presbyterians, just as the Seceders
were, and that the endowments left to the Chapel would
be administered more in accordance with the wishes of
the founders by Seceders than by Unitarians.
The Unitarians looked at the matter from a different
standpoint. In their trust deeds they found no doctrinal
tests, and they thought that tests were omitted because
their ancestors believed in religious liberty and had no
desire to fetter the beliefs of their successors. The Uni-
tarians therefore held that they were morally and legally
entitled to the benefits of a foundation deliberately left
unfettered by tests. In addition, there were sentimental
reasons. The Unitarians had historic continuity with
the founders of the chapel. The pews they sat in had
in many instances belonged to their ancestors and them-
selves ever since the building of the chapel, they them-
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866.
409
selves had been baptized in the chapel, and their fathers
and grandfathers were buried in the chapel yard.
The Seceders' claim was made formally in a letter to
the trustees of the chapel sent by Mr. Somervell, a
trustee of the Scotch Seceders' Meeting House, Woolpack
Yard, threatening to take legal measures to obtain
possession of the Presbyterian Chapel and endowments,
Market Place. The letter was read at the " General
Meeting of the Protestant Dissenting Congregation
assembling for religious worship at the Dissenting Chapel,
Market Place, Kendal," 31st December, 1838, the Rev.
Edward Hawkes being in the chair, and this resolution
was passed : —
1st That a letter having been sent to the Trustees of this Congre-
gation by Mr, Somervel, a Trustee of the Scotch Seceders' Meeting
House, Woolpack Yard, Kendal, threatening on the part of the
Scotch Seceders to take legal measures to obtain possession of the
Presbyterian Chapel and Endowments, Market Place, Kendal,
We the undersigned hereby pledge ourselves to guarantee the
Acting Trustee against loss or injury in defending our property,
to the amount stated opposite to our several names.
The list of members of the congregation with the
amount of the sums guaranteed is interesting : —
i
s.
d.
i
s.
d.
Rev. Edwd. Hawkes 50
0
0
Mr. R. Smith
I
0
0
Rev. Geo. Lee
10
0
0
,, A. Hudson . .
I
0
0
Mr. W. Jolly
5
0
0
,, E. Swinglehurst
I
0
0
Mr. J. Pearson .
2
0
0
,, J. Rexstrow . .
I
0
0
Misses Thomson .
• 15
0
0
,, R. Dornan
I
0
0
Misses Steele
. 100
0
0
„ J. Gill
I
10
0
Misses Rodick
. 100
0
0
,, E. Tyson
I
0
0
Mr. S. Todd
5
0
0
Margaret Taylor . .
2
0
0
Mr. W. Pearson .
20
0
0
Mr. W. Willan . .
I
0
0
Mr. J. Spedding .
I
0
0
,, C. Docker
I
0
0
Mr. J. Poole
2
0
0
,, J. Thompson
5
0
0
,, A. Roper
2
0
0
Mr. Henry Martin
I
0
0
,, R. Bateman.
I
0
0
,, J. Garside
I
0
0
„ W. Hunt
I
0
0
Miss Harrison
I
0
0
410 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Mr. R. Cookson . . ;^i o o Misses Braithwaite ;^2 o o
,, A. Taylor . . i o o J. Robinson . . 200
,, W. Garside . . 200 Mr. Rptheram . . 50 o o
,, J. Whitehead 100
With a congregational guarantee fund of considerably
over ;{400 the congregation had no hesitation in appealing
for assistance to those whose interest in the matter was
almost as great as that of the congregation. If Kendal
Chapel had had to be surrendered to the Scotch Seceders,
there would have been no safety for any of the Unitarian
churches of early foundation. The congregation accord-
ingly resolved " That Mr. Hawkes, as Minister of the
congregation, be authorized to receive, on behalf of the
Trustees, any additional pecuniary assistance from
friends unconnected with the Congregation."
The claim of the Scotch Seceders does not appear to
have received a legal decision. Doubtless they were
waiting the result of the final decisions in the two well-
known cases of the Wolverhampton Chapel and Lady
Hewley's Trust. The first of these had been in progress
from 1817, the second from 1830, and in 1842 the House
of Lords decided in both cases that Unitarians were not
entitled to endowments left by their Presbyterian fore-
fathers, even when there was no definite restriction as
to doctrine. Mr. Hawkes was one of the few ministers
to whom a proof of the Historical Illustrations was sub-
mitted by the appellants in Lady Hewley's case.
The decision of the House of Lords had the contrary
effect to what had been anticipated by the victors.
Instead of the Unitarian chapels falling into the hands
of various sects of Trinitarian Dissenters, a vigorous
agitation sprang up for the alteration of the law, and
eventually the Dissenters' Chapels Act was passed.
Kendal may be said to have had a considerable share
in this agitation, for it was largely due to George William
Wood, M.P., for the borough, that the measure was
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 4II
passed, though he did not hve to see his work accom-
pHshed.
In August, 1842, immediately after the decision in the
Hewley case, a committee, of which Mr. Wood was
chairman, was formed to secure an alteration of the law.
The committee explained to the Government the situa-
tion in which Unitarian congregations were placed by
the Hewley decision, and asked for a statute of limitation,
their claim to relief being based simply on long and
unquestioned possession of the properties, though the
committee believed that open trusts were left open by
their founders in order to allow of freedom of opinion.
The committee was reconstituted a few months later
and continued its work on behalf of the anti-trinitarian
congregations. Negotiations were going on throughout
1843, the member for Kendal taking a leading part in
them, until his sudden death in October, 1843. He was
succeeded as chairman by Mr. Mark Philips, M.P., and
in 1844 the committee's efforts were crowned with success,
the Bill passing both Houses by large majorities. Amongst
those who voted for the 2nd and 3rd readings and against
all amendments were the Premier (Sir Robert Peel),
Mr. W. E. Gladstone, Lord John Russell, and Mr. Henry
Warburton, Mr. Wood's successor as M.P. for Kendal.
The county member, Alderman Thompson, voted against
it.
The Dissenters' Chapels Act received the royal assent
on 19th July, 1844, and as, by it, twenty-five years' usage
was admitted to protect any religious opinions not
expressly excluded by a trust deed, the Unitarians
remained in possession of the Market Place Chapel.
It is noteworthy that, though the Chapel had often
previously been called the Unitarian Chapel, there was,
during and shortly after the years of uncertainty from
1838 onwards, an attempt made to restore to it the older
designation of Protestant Dissenters' Chapel or Dissenting
412 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Chapel. We have seen how, in 1838, the title of the
Chapel as registered for marriages was changed, and an
advertisement issued in connection with a sermon by
the Rev. William Gaskell, husband of the novelist, shows
the same tendency.
On Sunday next,
July 2ist,
the
Rev. W. Gaskell, M.A.
of Manchester,
will preach at the
Dissenting Chapel,
Market-Place,
for the benefit of the
Sunday Schools.
Morning service to commence at 11 o'clock ; Evening Service at
6 o'clock.
A Collection will be made each Service.
Kendal, 20th July, 1844.
Hewetson, Printer, Finkle Street, Kendal.
As soon as they were secure in the possession of
their chapel the congregation set about the long neglected
work of putting their property in good repair. A sub-
scription was started to which members of the congrega-
tion subscribed nearly £500, and an appeal was made
to other congregations and individuals for help, which
was generously accorded. The circumstances are related,
■ — probably by Mr. Hawkes — in a printed paper issued
in 1845 :—
Appeal of the English Presbyterian Congregation, in Kendal,
to their Presbyterian and Unitarian Brethren, for subscriptions
towards the repair of their chapel and the property attached to
it, and towards the liquidation of an old debt.
This Chapel was founded in the early part of last centiiry
(1720), for the use of the congregation of Protestant Dissenters
commonly called Presbyterian, without any imposition of doctrinal
tests ; and the endowments now attached to it, consisting chiefly
of houses and shops in the town, were given by bfenevolent mem-
bers of the congregation, long since deceased, for the support of the
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 413
Minister for the time being. About forty years ago it became
necessary to pull down and rebuild a large portion of the houses
and shops which time had reduced to a state of comparative
ruin. To make the new buildings as commodious as possible,
and thereby to secure an increased rental, the Trustees (who
are all now dead) were obliged to borrow £1,^26, and to purchase
some adjoining property to secure a right of way.
For a considerable period the rental was maintained at an
amount which fully justified the Trustees and Congregation in
the step they had taken ; and by means of the surplus rental
an old debt of ;^300 on the minister's house was gradually paid off.
For a number of years past, however, the trade of the town has
been declining ; rents have necessarily been reduced ; houses
and shops have been frequently untenanted ; and the annual
demand for repairs increased ; and, instead of a surplus, the
rental has of late years barely met the charges of interest, repairs
and expenses of management. At the last Annual Meeting,
held December 31st, 1844 after providing for the above expenses,
with the aid of the congregational subscriptions towards the
minister's salary, there remained for the Minister only £g towards
his salary for the half year ; the deficiency having to be supplied
by a very few members of the congregation.
It has been suggested that a portion of the property might
be sold to reduce the debt : but as the trust deeds contain no
power of sale, the congregation are advised that, even were it
likely to be advantageous, it is not practicable.
There is one circumstance which renders the liquidation of
the debt very urgent. The mortgagee of ;^2,ooo is an aged person
who holds the title deeds of the whole property ; and in the
course of nature the Trustees must very soon be called upon
to provide for the payment of that sum.
The uncertainty in which the congregation have been kept
as to the security of their enjoyment of their chapel and en-
dowmejits, until the passing of the Dissenters' Chapels Act,
prevented their making those exertions to liquidate the debt
which they would otherwise have made. They now, however,
though deprived of the assistance of most of their wealthier
members by death or change of residence, have commenced the
liquidation of the debt thus transmitted to them by their ancestors,
by subscribing nearly ;/^500, and they earnestly and hopefully
appeal to their christian friends for their generous assistance.
The congregation have the satisfaction to state that the Com-
mittee of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association have
414
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
resolved to make the very liberal grant of £^o in aid of the object
in view.
The Rev. Edward Hawkes, M.A. Minister of the Congregation,
is authorized to receive Subscriptions.
Subscriptions may be forwarded also to the following gentle-
men : —
Treasurer,
Mr. James Braithwaite, Acting Trustee, Kendal.
Bankers
Wakefield & Co. Kendal.
Masterman & Co. London.
Local treasurers.
Thomas Ainsworth Esq. Trustee, The Flosh, Ravenglass.
G. R. Greenhow Relph Esq. Trustee, Kevan Ila, Uske.
John Watson Esq. 56 Holborn Hill, London.
William Rotheram Esq. Liverpool.
Thomas Rodick, Esq. J. P. Gateacre, Liverpool.
William Rayner Wood, Esq. J. P. Manchester.
Ministers of Congregations.
Congregational
G. R. Greenhow Relph,
Esq., Trustee . .;^ioo o o
Mrs. Greenhow . . 20 o o
Misses Thomson . . 100 o o
Miss Relph . . 30 o o
Misses Rodick . . 100 o o
Rev. Edward
Hawkes, M.A. . . 10 o o
Misses Steele . . 100 o o
Rev. George Lee . . 300
Thomas Ainsworth,
Esq , Trustee (loan
at 3 per cent.) . . 100 o o
William Pearson,
Esq., High Cragg 500
Mr. James Braith-
waite, Acting
Trustee . . . . 100
Mr. John Robinson 100
Subscriptions.
Mr. Edgar Robinson
Mr. William Garside
Mr. William Willan
Mr. Edward Tyson
Mr. Ashton Roper
Mr. Septimus Rawes
Mr. John Garside . .
Mr. Henry Rudd . .
Miss Isabella Jenkinson o
Mr Adam Taylor . .
Mr John Pearson,
Trustee . .
Mr. John Poole
Miss Elizabeth Smith
Miss Margaret Taylor
Miss Agnes Willan
Mr. Robert Bateman
Mr. Richard Smith
Mrs. Line . .
£^
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
1 0
10
0
0
10
0
0
10
0
0
10
0
0
10
0
0
10
0
0
2
6
0
2
6
0
2
6
0
2
0
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 183V1866.
415
■ General Subscriptions
British and Foreign Unitarian Association . .
William Rotheram, Esq., Liverpool
John Watson Esq. 56 Holborn Hill, London
W. Strickland Cookson Esq. Bedford Square, London
William Rayner Wood, Esq. Manchester . .
Mrs. Wood, Manchester
James Heywood, Esq. Manchester ..
Samuel Alcock, Esq. Manchester
James Aspinall Turner, Esq. Manchester . .
S. Dukinfield Darbishire, Esq. Manchester . .
The printed list ends here, but in a MS. book and other
papers the following additional subscriptions are recorded :
£50
0
0
100
0
0
20
0
0
20
0
0
10
0
0
10
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
Kendal
Mr. John Richardson ;^o 5 o A Friend, Kendal .
B. Worthington, Esq. 200
£^ o
Leeds
F. Lupton Esq.
• ^5
0
0
I. D. Lucceck
• £2
0
0
Thos. W. Tottie Esq. 5
0
0
J. Lupton . .
0
0
W. Brown . .
5
0
0
J. Atkinson
0
0
Hamer Stansfield Esq. 5
0
0
David Metcalf
0
0
E. G.
I
0
0
H. H. Stansfeld
0
0
Darnton Lupton .
2
0
0
T. Holmes . .
0
0
James Buckton .
2
0
0
Liverpool
R. E. Harvey
£5
0
0
Timothy Jevons
■ £5
0
0
J. P. Heywood
5
0
0
Ottiwell Wood Esc
1- 5
0
0
B. H. Jones
5
0
0
C. Tayleur . .
10
0
0
Misses Mather
5
0
0
J. Cropper . .
5
0
0
Dr. Winstanley
5
0
0
Jas. Rawdon
2
0
0
S. J. Clegg Esq. . .
5
0
0
— Gair Esq.
5
0
0
Edw. Cox Esq.
5
0
0
R. P. Rodick
5
0
0
Misses Yates
5
0
0
Th. Rodick Junr .
5
0
0
Tho. Bolton
5
0
0
Messrs. Allen
I
I
0
John D. Thornely
5
0
0
0. P.*
5
0
0
A Liverpool friend
10
0
0
Thomas Thornely
Tho. Jevons
5
0
0
Esq. M.P.
5
0
0
Another list gives O.P. (Mrs. Dawson).
4i6
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Bury
Thos. Grundy Esq. ;^io o o Mr. T. S. Grundy and
Mrs. T. Grundy . . lo o o brothers . . . . ;^io o o
London
;/^5 o o Mark Philips Esq.
M.P
2500 Edw. Enfield Esq. . .
Presbyterian Fund
Henry Warburton
Esq. M.P.
J. A. Yates Esq. . . 10 o o A Friend
James Coppock Esq. 10 o o B. L. Jones Esq
Dr. Bowring, M.P. 500
[No address]
5
0
0
3
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
Miss Travies
£^
0
Additional
names
from loose papers
Rev. John Robberds
£^
0
0
Isaac Dawson Esq.
i^
0
Mr. Willmer
I
0
0
Mr. Tate . .
0
5
Rev. J. H. Thorn . .
I
0
0
Lindsey Aspland Esq.
I
I
Henry Booth Esq.
2
0
0
Mrs. Edwards
A Friend (Mrs.
Portsmouth
I
0
Banks) . .
I
0
0
Mr. W. Gaitor
I
0
Sam. Thornely Esq.
I
0
0
Mr. J. Robinson . .
I
0
Mrs. Roger Gaskell
0
10
0
Mr. John^Richardson
Mrs. Broadbent . .
I
0
0
junr.
0
5
Miss Gaskell
I
0
0
Misses K. and M.
Dawson . .
I
0
0
Mr. Hawkes spent many weeks in collecting subscrip-
tions:
The list of subscriptions, probably not quite exhaustive,
shows how generally and generously the English Uni-
tarians assisted the Kendal congregation, encouraged,
no doubt, by the manner in which the congregation had
itself subscribed.
The names on this old list of subscribers are interesting.
vSome notice of those who were or became trustees are
given elsewhere. William Rotheram was son of Caleb
Rotheram the younger ; Thomas Rodick, J. P., was a
merchant in Liverpool, and had a country seat near
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 417
Arnside, where he died 7th June, 1855, aged 67 ; Wilham
Rayner Wood, J. P., of Manchester, was the son of G.
W. Wood, M.P. ; Wihiam Pearson of Borderside, was
one of Mrs. Hawkes's brothers-in-law and author of an
interesting volume of essays.
William Willan, who died 30th May, 1875, aged 71,
was a foreman house carpenter, and married a daughter
of Richard Smith, and thus became brother-in-law of
Alderman John Robinson, a trustee. Mr. Willan's
daughters, Agnes and Margaret, had a school in Strick-
landgate ; Richard Smith was a weaver, a gifted contro-
versialist, a decided Unitarian and esteemed for the
courage with which he expressed his opinions.
The list of general subscriptions included some well-
known Unitarian names, amongst which may be men-
tioned James Heywood, M.P., James Aspinall Turner,
M.P., and Samuel Alcock,* of Manchester.
The Leeds list includes Judge Stansfeld and several
members of the Lupton family ; the Liverpool list
contains the names of John Pemberton Heywood, the
Misses Yates, several Thornelys,| John Cropper, and the
Rev. J. Hamilton Thom.
It would probably be on this occasion that " the chapel
was re-roofed, the walls stone finished, and an organ pur-
chased which had been in use in the old Roman Catholic
* Samuel Alcock died at Burrow Hall, Kirkby Lonsdale, on 28th September,
1858, aged 68, being buried at Tunstall. Though credit is not given to him
in the histories of the Owens College (now the University of Manchester) there
can be little doubt that it was he who suggested to John Owens the foundation
of a college on an entirely unsectarian basis. Owens had been an Independent
and a nominal Churchman. In his later years he was very intimate with his
neighbours, Mr. Alcock, the Rev. J. G. Robberds, the Rev. J. J. Tayler, the Rev.
William Turner and Mr. Robert Nicholson, my father, all of whom were mem-
bers of the only denomination in which freedom from tests was not only a
principle but a practice on which its own colleges were conducted. The Man-
chester New College was then in Manchester and they were all connected with
it. My mother was present on many occasions when these friends discussed
unsectarian education, for which Alcock was an enthusiast. If he did not
suggest the foundation Alcock was certainly the one, of all the founder's friends,
most likely to understand and appreciate the importance of the essential idea of
the foundation — education unfettered by theological tests — and that is perhaps
whv he was named as executor with George Faulkner, the founder's partner
and life-long friend, who was a Churchman. — F.N.
t Including Samuel Thornely, my grandfather.— F.N.
2 E
4l8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Church."* According to Mr. Jennings, the first organist
was Wihiam G. Garside, engraver on stone, a signed
specimen of whose work as a monumental mason is now
on the chapel wall. Garside was also a painter and an
engraver. Mr. Jennings possessed a view of Kendal
Church engraved by Garside.
Garside supplied Mr. Hawkes with a panel on which
he had painted the " arms " of Hawkes impaling those
of Greenhow, and he also engraved for Mr. Hawkes an
armorial bookplate, with the motto " Honeste et audax."
Mr. Hawkes used to say jocularly that the motto was
intended to be read " Honesty and owd Hawkes."
Possibly to mark the beginning of a new era in the
history of the renovated chapel, the Rev. George Harris
of Newcastle, a famous Unitarian minister of that time,
preached two sermons in the chapel on August 2nd,
1S46. The bill announcing the sermons was printed by
the Rev. George Lee at the Mercury Office, and the
chapel is styled the " Protestant Dissenting Chapel,"
there being no reference to Unitarianism. The same
peculiarity is observable in an undated handbill, probably
of the same year, announcing a course of lectures by Mr.
Hawkes on " the principal features of Christianity," to
be delivered on ten successive Sunday evenings beginning
October 4th.
During Mr. Hawkes's time the congregation was the
recipient of a bequest of £1,000 from Dr. Holmej of
Manchester, who died in 1847
* Nightingale's Lancashire Nonconformity, 1., 283.
t Edward Holme was a native of Kendal, and his baptism is recorded in
the chapel register nth March, 1770, " Edward son of Thomas Holme, mercer,
Stricklandgate." This Thomas Holme, mercer, was a Trustee of the Chapel
from 1782 to his death, in September, 1801, and the Doctor's grandfather,
Edward Holme, mercer, was a Trustee from 1737-1755. The Doctor was
educated at Sedbergh and afterwards at the Manchester Academy. In
Manchester he had the further advantage of being for two years an inmate
of the house of Thomas Percival, M.D., F.R.S., for whom he acted as amanuen-
sis and reader. He pursued his studies at Gottingen, Edinburgh and Leyden,
where he took his degree of M.D. in 1793. In the previous year he had begun
practice in Manchester, and had been elected Honorary Physician to the
Infirmary. In spite of this good beginning it was 20 years or more before
EDWAKD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 419
Dr. Holme's fortune was about £50,000. University
College, London, received the largest share of this, but
£2,000 was left to Cross Street Chapel, Manchester,
numerous friends and relatives, including the Misses
Sarah and Elizabeth Thomson and Miss Hannah Steele
had legacies, and £1,000 was left to the Market Place
Chapel, where he had himself worshipped when a boy
and with which his family had been connected for more
than a century.
In 1S47 Mr. Hawkes, who was ever on the alert to
defend Unitarianism, printed a reply* to the Rev. J.
A. Latrobe, who, in the course of a speech delivered at
the annual meeting of the Kendal Auxiliary Bible Society
in June, 1847, had said : —
But while the Society might be looked upon as a Peace Society,
as binding all Christians in union, it must also be regarded as
an aggressive institution. It attacks all the bulwarks of sin
and Satan ; it makes no truce with essential error, but pours a
flood of divine light on darkness ; on the darkness of Socinian
and Social Infidelity, on Mahometan Imposture, on Heathen
Superstition, on Popish Corruption, &c.
^Ir. Hawkes indignantly denied the propriety of des-
cribing Unitarians as Socinians. "To be called a
Socinian," he says, " is regarded by the Unitarian
Christian as a libel, little short of being called a ' Trini-
tarian' or an ' Idolator.' " He concluded his letter to
he became really successful in practice. He was a member of the Literary
and Philosophical Society, its secretary for four years, vice-president for
forty-six years, and president from 1844 to his death. He was one of the
founders of the Portico Library and its president for twenty-eight years,
first president of the Manchester Natural History Society and of the Chetham
Society, and filled other positions of the kind. He died November 28th,
1847, aged 78, and was buried in Ardwick Cemetery near his old friend and
fellow northcountryman, John Dalton. He was never married. A memoir,
with a portrait, of Dr. Holme appears in Dr. E. M. Brockbank's Honorary
Medical Staff of the Manchester Infirmary, p. 191.
* " A discourse published for the benefit of the Rev. J. A. Latrobe, minister
of St. Thomas's Church, Kendal. By the Rev. Edward Hawkes, M.A.,
Minister of the Protestant Dissenting Chapel, Market Place, Kendal. The
Profits to be devoted to the promotion of Christian knowledge, truth and
charity amongst the Evangelical Clergy. London : J. Chapman." [1847]
12° pp. 12.
There is a copy in the Jackson Library, Tullie House, Carlisle.
420 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Mr. Latrobe " In hope of your improved Christian
knowledge and temper."
A Httle later in the same year Mr. Hawkes addressed
a public letter* to Alderman Thompson, the newly
re-elected M.P. for Westmorland, in which exception
was taken to Mr. Thompson's words, " The Socinian
Chapels Bill — a bill for securing to Socinians and their
chapels a portion of the funds left for religious purposes
by benevolent members of the Protestant Church. This
was also inconsistent with Protestant principles." Mr.
Hawkes protested against the application to the Uni-
tarians of the name Socinian, which, though " given to
them by their ignorant and uncharitable opponents, they
uniformly disavow and reject," and he made a further
protest against the Dissenters' Chapels Act being des-
cribed as the Socinian Chapels Bill. Mr. Hawkes signed
the letter as " Your unrepresented constituent, Edward
Hawkes, Lane Foot, near Kendal."
From 1850 to 1852 the Parish Church was being
restored, and amongst the discarded material of the
old church were some carved stones which found their
way to the burial ground of the Chapel, and were there
preserved for 50 years. They were then returned to
the Parish Church, as appears by an inscription on the
outside of the east end of the church : —
Stones removed from the Church at the Restoration in 1850.
They were preserved in the LTnitarian Burial Ground and lianded
over by the Trustees of tliat Body in igoi.
In accordance with a growing feeling as to the un-
hcalthiness of there being crowded bm-ial grounds in
towns, there was an Order in Council, dated 29th March,
1854, that not more than one more body should be
buried in each grave in the Unitarian Burial Ground,
and that burials there should be discontinued from and
* Probalily in the hlercufy, but it was also printed as a broadside.
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 42I
after ist January, 1855. By Orders in Council Sth
February, 21st May, and 21st July, 1855, the date was
successively extended to ist June, 1855, ist August,
1855, and loth September, 1855, on which date pre-
sumably, as there was no later Order in Council, burials
in the chapel yard entirely ceased.*
The death of the Emperor Nicholas, in 1855, was the
occasion of a letter from Mr. Hawkes to the Kendal
Mercury. It was reprinted as a broadside, f and Mr.
Hawkes told Mr. Jennings that he considered it one of the
best letters he had ever written. It dealt with the
horrors of war and with the difficulties of the Crimean
War then at its most discouraging period. In this letter
Mr. Hawkes propounded the theory, since elaborated
by M. Bloch, that war would ultimately become im-
possible.
The weapons, and other means of destruction employed in the
present contest, have been wonderfully increased in the rapidity
and range of their operation, and the deadliness of their character.
Ingenuity is still actively engaged in inventing still more huge
and destructive weapons, so that it is certainly within the range
of possibility that the art of warfare may be brought to so tre-
mendous a pitch of desolation as to destroy itself — to render
the resort to arms so terrible and desperate that no nation will
possess the hardihood, nay the madness, to risk its fatal and
ruinous effects.
Another suggestion of Mr. Hawkes 's is that in order
to end the war it might be desirable or necessary to
appoint a dictator : —
An absolute monarch can secure the most perfect secrecy in
carrying out all his military plans, and has only to command
and be immediately and implicitly obeyed. While, in our free
representative government, no mighty armaments can be raised,
* London Gazette, 31st March, 1854, p. 1016 ; gtli February, 1855, p. 481 ;
25th May, 1855, p. 2011 ; 24th July, 1855, p. 2833.
t "The death of Nicholas. To the Editor of the Kendal Mercury. 'How
are the mighty fallen.' "
422 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
no provision for their effectiveness secured, no action of any
material nature adopted or commenced without the consent of
many parties, or without much pubhc discussion and comment.
To place ourselves, therefore, on some kind of level with our
formidable enemy it seems to be almost an unavoidable necessity
to entrust some leader with a dictatorial, and all but absolute
authority, to conduct the war according to his uncontrolled
judgment, and to supply him with the amplest means for carrying
into effect every design he deems to be essential.
In 1858 the Corporation took over the Whitehall
Buildings and transformed them into the Town Hall.
Amongst other alterations of the building it was proposed
that there should be added a clock tower at a cost of
from ;£300 to £400. Mr. Hawkes entered the arena as
an aggrieved and overburdened ratepayer who objected
to the expenditure of this money " for the desecration
of a neat classical Town Hall." In a letter to the West-
morland Gazette he affirmed " that the town clock, in
its present situation amply satisfies the wants of the
town as an index to the correct time," and " that the
erection of a clock tower on the new Town Hall would
injure the appearance of the building and would incur
a large and useless expense." The Mayor, Mr. John
Wakefield, offered to present a clock, and, despite the
opposition of Mr. Hawkes, a tower was built for it.
In i860 and 1861 Mr. Hawkes preached a series of
popular addresses on religious subjects. These were
printed.*
* " Come unto me all ye that labour." A popular address, No. i. By
Edward Hawkes, M.A., Kendal. Manchester : A. Ireland & Co., i860.
12° pp. 14-
Consolations of the Gospel. A popular address. No. 2. By Edward
Hawkes, M.A., Kendal. Manchester : Johnson and Rawson . . . Kendal :
T. Atkinson. 12° pp. 16.
The Father unchangeable : The God of Moses and the Prophets the God
of Jesus and the Apostles. A popular address. No. 3. With prayers. By
Edward Hawkes, M.A., Kendal. Manchester : A. Ireland and Co. 1861.
12° pp. 16.
The two first were also issued together under the title of " Two popular
addresses, on the persuasive character of the Gospel, and the consolations
of the Gospel."
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 423
On July 30th, 1861, Mr. Hawkes performed the cere-
mony at the marriage of the well-known Rev. Goodwyn
Barmby at Troutbeck Bridge Chapel, Windermere.
In 1862 Mr. Hawkes was interesting himself in a dis-
cussion, in the Westmorland Gazette, on the Parish Church
bells.
He was, for many years, a frequent writer for the
Mercury, of which his friend, Mr. Lee, was editor. One
long series of letters was written in the Westmorland
dialect under the nom de plume of " Tauld Toon Clock "
(The old Town Clock).
The early years of Mr. Hawkes's ministry were years
of progress, and he made an important position in the
town for himself. That his work was not signalized by
a great increase in the congregation was due to some
extent to the interest he took in the material progress
of his young men. For many of these he found openings
away from Kendal to their personal advantage, no doubt,
but not to that of the congregation.
Mr. Hawkes died January 15th, 1866, and was buried,
not in the chapel yard, which was closed, but in the Castle
Street Cemetery, where there is a gravestone with the
following inscription : —
The resting place of the Rev. Edward Hawkes, M.A. for 32
years Minister of the Unitarian Chapel in this town, died 15th
January 1866 in his 63rd year.
By the courtesy of the Rev. H. W. Hawkes and Mr.
J. E. Hawkes we are able to quote a notice of Mr. Hawkes
which was read by the former at a family gathering in
commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Edward
Hawkes. It gives some interesting information as to
Mr. Hawkes's private life, and a fair estimate of his
public work : —
Edward Hawkes was an M.A. of Glasgow University and was
a scholarly man. He was passionately fond of reading, and
424 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
had accumulated a large library, which entirely filled one side
of a fair-sized room and overflowed on to tables, chairs, floor
and wherever else there was room. I do not think that the bulk
of these books were of much value, as he could not afford costly
works, and chiefly bought off second hand book dealers. A
good ninnber were on old-fashioned divinity subjects ; many
were biographies and collections of anecdotes, and some were
classics. They were not methodically arranged yet their owner
could put his hand on almost any of them in the dark, as indeed
he often did on sleepless nights, when he sought a book to beguile
time.
Mr. Hawkes was very artistic in his tastes, as some of his
descendants are. He collected volumes of engravings as far as
his nreans would allow, and the walls of the library, (as we called
the upstairs room we almost entirely lived in, and which was
really tvTO rooms thrown together) were adorned with brackets
upholding good copies of well-known sculptures, busts and
statuettes. Pictures also abounded, though none of much merit
or value.
In addition to this taste for painting and sculpture he had
in his earlier days had a turn for sketching and catching portraits.
His touch was light and clean. When a boy of twelve he made
a pencil copy of a well-known picture of the crucifixion, which
showed very real ability.
Music was also part of his artistic temperament.
The I\endal Museum owed a good deal to Mr Hawkes, who, I
believe, was one of the prime movers in its formation, and who
lectured sometimes at the literary meetings held in connection
with it. He presented to it, amongst other objects, the barometer
which his friend John Dalton always carried with him when
mountaineering to measure the height of the respective hills in
the Lake District. It was a plain wooden-cased mercury baronreter
that looked home made.
He was a great lover of nature. Scenery, skies, the beauties
of the changing seasons were an unfailing source of delight to him.
In his younger days he was a great pedestrian, walking, I have
heard, fifty or more miles a day in the Lake District. He was
also a good swimmer, a skater and in other ways athletic. I
remember his playing cricket with some boys, when his foot
slipped and in falling he broke his leg. Indeed he had at one
time or another broken or dislocated many limbs, and had nar-
rowly escaped death in other ways.
Another of his strong interests was Politics. He was a sturdy
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 425
Liberal and a born lighter, as his father had been before him.
I owe my Christian name of Henry Warburton to the fact that
a Member of Parliament for Kendal, of that name, was elected
at the time of my birth, largely, I have been told owing to the
energy and electioneering ability he displayed. He made good
use of his connection with sitting members, especially Mr. George
Carr Glyn (afterwards Lord Wolverton), not for his own benefit,
but for that of young Kendal men, more than one of whom,
through his influence, got situations in the clearing-house and in
the London and North Western Railwa3% of which Mr. Glyn was
Chairman.
He was also one of the band of lecturers who successfully
agitated the country in opposition to the Corn-laws, and secured
their repeal.
Mr. Hawkes was a thorough Democrat, in so far as his sym-
pathy with the poor of the town went, and he defended their
rights and interests, again and again, against the aggressions of
the wealthy and greedy. He carried on incessant warfare against
attempts to alienate common-lands belonging to the whole town-
ship, in order to provide eligible building sites for the well-to-do,
and it was owing to his slashing letters in the local papers, his
powerful and scornful speeches at town-meetings, and his general
watchfulness that Kendal still retains much of its present common
land. Ancient pathways were also an object of his vigilance,
and many a charming walk through the fields has been kept
open to the public through his efforts.
He was a democrat also in his frank intercourse with working
people. He put no side on with the humblest, but met them
as man to man. He was largely concerned in the Mechanics'
Institute where he lectured and discussed frequently at one time,
and was always an advocate for education. As a consequence
he was very popular amongst the working classes, who, on one
occasion, subscribed for and presented him with, a silver cream
jug bearing an inscription. I have, not many years ago, met
with several working men who retained a warm affection and high
respect for him, and who spoke of what the town owed to him.
As a preacher, as far as my memory and judgment go, he
was more refined and cultured than stirring or powerful. He
almost invariably wrote and read both his sermons and prayers,
and on the very rare occasions when he preached without manu-
script (owing once or twice to his having left his sermon at home
by accident) he so entirely adopted his written style and delivery,
that everyone thought he had his manuscript before him.
426 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
I have very little recollection of the matter of his sermons.
They were quiet and rarely controversial. What his theological
position was I hardly know. In those days the older Unitarianism
was almost universal, and James Martineau, and John James
Tayler were looked on as dangerous and heretical innovators.
And yet I think his mind was of a rationalistic order. He laid
no stress on the miracles and other supernatural elements of the
Bible, and, had he lived later would have probably welcomed
the newer thought. Personally, I do not think the pulpit was
his right and fitting place. He would have been happier and
more useful as a barrister ; but when a man has been brought
up and educated with a view to one profession, it is very difficult
to break away from it and make a new start.
, He was acknowledged to be a most delightful conversationalist
and companion. He was witty, had a wonderful store of apt
anecdotes on almost every subject, and was overflowing, as a
rule, with good humour. He could however, on occasion, be
bitingly sarcastic and severe.
With great powers of mind, real goodness of heart and with
undeveloped possibilities in his nature, he was wasted and buried
alive in a stagnant country town such as Kendal then was, and
as a result lost heart and energy. He was a square peg in a
round hole, or vice versa, and felt his life largely a failure.
In one of his last conversations with me, he pathetically said,
" If I had to write my own epitaph it would be ' Nearly did
it ! '"
Mrs. Hawkes had died at Lane Foot, near Kendal, on
September 29th, 1847, " after a decline of several years,"
and was buried in the Chapel yard,* where there is a
headstone inscribed : —
The last resting place of
Jane
wife of the Revd. Edward Hawkes, MA
Minister of this chapel
and fifth daughter
of John Greenhow of this town
and Ann his wife
* The closing of the burial ground at the Chapel prevented the burial of
Mr. Hawkes with his wife. He, as has been mentioned, was buried in the
cemetery.
EDWARD HAWKES, M.A., 1833-1866. 427
Born Deer. 23 1809
Died Sepr. 29 1847
An infant daughter Clara
is buried in the same grave.
Mr. Hawkes had issue, Louisa, born 7th June, 1837,
died 2nd November, 1890 ; John Edward Hawkes, born
4th March, 1839, ^ow of Abbot's Well, Birkenhead, to
whom we are indebted for much help in the compilation
of this chapter ; Hester Emily, born 28th November,
1841, wife of Washington Champion Rawlins, J.P. ; the
Rev. Henry Warburton Hawkes, born 26th October, 1843,
Unitarian minister in Liverpool, Bootle and West Kirby,
and sometime a voluntary missionary in Japan ; and
Clara, born 30th July, 1846, died November, 1846.
428
XXXII.
Recent History.
THE history of Kendal Chapel during the last sixty
years or so is rather melancholy reading. Its
decadence set in during the later years of Mr. Hawkes's
ministry. An unfriendly but probably accurate observer
stated that " it is with difficulty a congregation sufficient
to carry on the service is maintained."* This was pre-
sumably towards the end of Mr. Hawkes's time, but
shortly afterwards the congregation showed that it had
some inherent vitality by reviving the annual tea meeting
which had been suspended for a long time. On December
31st, 1866, a tea meeting and festive party was held in
a large room in the town, at which about 80 persons
were present. " The hearty goodwill and friendly sym-
pathy which animated all present, were regarded as a
happy augury for the future energy and religious life of
the congregation."!
The pulpit was served by supplies for nearly two years,
from 2ist January, 1866, to 5th January, 1S6S. During
this period some of the best known men in the Unitarian
ministry occupied the pulpit, many of them preaching
on three or four Sundays. Amongst them may be men-
tioned the Revs. C. B. Upton, John Robberds, S. A.
Steinthal, John Lunn, John Cropper, Henry Green, J.
Hamilton Thom, John Shannon, Charles W. Robberds,
Dr. James Drummond, Dr. G. V. Smith, T. E. Poynting,
Dr. J. R. Beard, J. Page Hopps, Goodwyn Barmby, A.
W. Worthington, W. Blazeby, Dr. Marcus, W. H. Herford,
M. C. Frankland, James Black, Henry Warburton
* James's Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, 1867, p. 842.
t Unitarian Herald, January 4th, 1867, p. 7.
RECENT HISTORY. 429
Hawkes, W. Binns, G. H. Wells, J. Harrop, and Thomas
Jones.
At length a minister was appointed, the choice of the
congregation falling on the Rev. James Edwin Odgers,*
M.A., whose term of oihce, however, covered only one
year, from ist January to 31st December, 1868. His
service at Kendal Chapel was too short to have affected
its history seriously, but his subsequent ministerial and
tutorial career suggests that by Mr. Odgers's resignation
the Chapel lost a minister who might have restored it
to great usefulness.
In June, 1868, a new trust deed was executed. The
retiring trustees under the deed of 1833 were Messrs.
George Relph Greenhow Relph, Thomas Webster, and
Thomas Ainsworth. The new trustees were John Green-
how, Esq. ; John Robinson, plumber ; Robert Atkin,
weaver ; Rawdon Briggs Lee, newspaper proprietor ;
and Edgar Robinson, leather merchant, all of Kendal ;
William Thornely, gentleman, and Alfred Thornely,
gentleman, both of Windermere, and Robert Burning
Holt, of Orrest Head, Windermere, gentleman.
Before Mr. Odgers's term had expired the congregation
had secured his successor — the Rev. John Tait Russell.
He was born in Glasgow in 1841, and had attended the
chapel there, of which H. W. Crosskey was minister.
He studied at Manchester New College, London, from
1861 to 1S68. Kendal was his first appointment. He
had a hearty though informal welcome at the congre-
gational party.
At the morning service on Sunday, 27th December,
1868, an induction service was held. Mr. Odgers read
* Mr. Odgers was born at Plymouth 14th April, 1843, received his education
at Manchester New College, and graduated at London in 1865. After 15
months as assistant minister at Renshaw Street, Liverpool, he came to
Kendal. Afterwards he was minister at Bridgwater (1869-1878), Toxteth
Park (1878-1882), and Altrincham (1882-1893). In 1882 he was appointed
Theological Tutor to the Unitarian Home Missionary Board, of which he
was Principal from 1884-1801. In 1894 he was appointed Hibbert Lecturer
on Ecclesiastical History at Manchester College, Oxford.
430 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
the Scripture lesson and offered up a solemn prayer.
The Rev. William Gaskell of Manchester also prayed.
Then the Rev. H. W. Crosskey of Glasgow gave Mr.
Russell the right hand of fellowship, and, in earnest and
affectionate words, welcomed him to the arduous work
of the ministry. Mr. Russell in reply expressed the
aims and hopes with which he entered on his labours.
Mr. Gaskell then delivered an address to the young
minister and his congregation, in which he set forth the
duties of both, arising out of the connection which had
been voluntarily formed, and exhorted them to make
it fruitful in spiritual profit. Mr. Crosskey preached at
the evening service.*
One of the first fruits of Mr. Russell's ministry was the
re-establishment of the Sunday School on February
14th, 1869. It opened with 14 scholars, and by May
i6th had increased to 38 scholars with 12 teachers. j
The Sunday School continued to be successful. At the
annual party on 2nd January, 1871, Mr. Russell dis-
tributed the prizes and stated that the school was in a
flourishing and healthy condition, having improved
during the year in the number, good conduct and regu-
larity of the scholars.
In the same year was held a combined meeting of the
Unitarian congregations of Lancaster, Preston and
Kendal.
The third reunion of the three congregations was held
at Kendal on September 25th, 1873.^ The visitors
arrived in the morning and made a full day, principally
devoted to seeing the neighbourhood. But in the evening
there was a social meeting at which Councillor John
Robinson presided, and addresses were given by Messrs.
Dalby and Richardson of Preston and the Rev. J. C.
* Unitarian Herald, ist January, 1869.
t Unitarian Herald, 21st May, 1869.
% Unitarian Herald, 3rd October, 1873.
RECENT HISTORY. 43I
Lunn of Lancaster on behalf of the visitors, and by Mr.
Russell and Mr. Greenhow for the Kendal friends.
At the Sunday School treat in January, 1874, it was
reported that the School still continued successful, thanks
principally to the ladies of the congregation. The school
had quite as many scholars as there was accommodation
for, and the need of a new school was beginning to be
felt. Later in the year (September) a bazaar was held in
the Mechanics' Institute in aid of a fund for erecting a
Sunday School in connection with the Chapel. Mr.
Russell gave an address at the opening of the bazaar.*
On March 31st Kendal had a visit from the Rev.
Charles Wicksteed, who dehvered a lecture in the Chapel,
which, on this occasion, was well filled.
Mr. Russell's term as minister expired on 5th April,
1874. He and Mrs. Russell were the recipients of a
of a walnut stationery case and a card basket respectively
as expressions of the esteem in which they were held by
the Sunday School scholars and teachers. f
Mr. Russell was minister at Macclesfield from 1875
to 1885, when he retired through ill health. He died
27th February, 1888.
Mr. Russell's successor was the Rev. WilHam Birks,
a native of Stoney Middleton, Derbyshire, where he was
born 29th April, 1843. After studying at the Unitarian
Home Missionary Board College, 1864 to 1867, he became
minister at Hastings in 1867 and removed to Gloucester
in 1870. From Gloucester he came to Kendal, his
ministry dating from 2nd December, 1874. The con-
gregation had a social meeting in the Oddfellows' Hall
in April, 1875, to welcome Mr. Birks. Councillor Robinson
was the chairman, and proposed the welcome, being
supported by Messrs. Greenhow and Crossley. Mr. Birks
replied. The Rev. Joseph Lee of Barnard Castle was
* Unitarian Herald, 2nd October, 1874.
t Unitarian Herald, 30th October, 1874.
432 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
also a speaker.* The new Sunday School was brought
a little nearer by another bazaar, held in September,
1875, in the Mechanics' Hall. Though the rain came
down in torrents on the opening day the attendance was
good. Mr. Birks spoke on the objects of the bazaar and
recited some original poetry composed for the occasion. |
Harvest Thanksgiving and Hospital Sunday services
were held on the last Sunday in October. J
Mr. Birks ceased to be minister 28th June, 1877. §
In 1877 Mr. Birks's resignation and the death and
removal of trustees made a new trust necessary, although
the trust deed was but nine years old. Of the old trustees,
Messrs. Edgar Robinson, William Thornely and R. D.
Holt were disqualified by removal beyond the twenty-
mile radius from Kendal, and Messrs. John Greenhow
and Alfred Thornely were dead. The surviving resident
trustees were John Robinson, Robert Atkin and Rawdon
Briggs Lee, who, with the first three, transferred the trust
to Philip Bateman, dyer ; James Crossley, iron moulder ;
Samuel Naylor, warehouseman ; James Tyson, bank
porter ; William Bolton, tailor ; Martin Hodgson,
tailor ; John Barwise, maltster ; and Fergus Lamb,
gardener, all of Kendal.
The pulpit had been vacant nine months when the
Rev. James Macdonald was, on ist April, 1878, appointed
minister. He was born in Oldham in 1845, and was a
student of the Unitarian Home Missionary Board. He
had been minister at Nantwich from 1869 to 1873 and at
Sunderland for four years before coming to Kendal.
For some time fresh life animated the Kendal congre-
gation, and the membership began to increase. In
* Unitarian Herald, 23rd April, 1875.
t Unitarian Herald, loth September, 1875.
% Unitarian Herald, 5 th November, 1875.
§ Subsequently he was minister at Wolverhampton, Portsmouth, Banbury,
Sunderland and Aberdeen. He retired in 1893. He was interested in astronomy,
and was elected F.R.A.S. in 1887.
RECENT HISTORY. 433
January, 1880, it was stated that during the previous
18 months there had been an increase of 17 subscribers.
Towards the end of 1879 Mr. Macdonald gave a series
of Sunday evening lectures which attracted a considerable
number of strangers.
In January, 1880, the members of the Book Societies
connected with the chapel had a soiree at the Mechanics'
Institution,* and on 29th December the members of the
congregation held their annual entertainment in the
Oddfellows' HalLj
In June, 1881, the Sunday School teachers and children
had a happy gathering at Spitall Wood. They had tea
in the Dutch Barn, but drenching rain prevented the
singing of hymns in Mrs. Birkett's farm-yard as in former
years. J
In Mr. Macdonald's early years the chapel was renovated
and a new Sunday School was built.
In September, 1881, the chapel was closed for the
purpose of " improving the barn-like appearance of the
ceiling, putting in a new heating apparatus, in place of
the unsightly stoves, and also erecting a new organ."
Other matters wanted attending to, but the committee
intended to defer until the following Spring the removal
of the " antiquated leaden windows, and the dilapidated
seats on the cold flag floor." But the organ builder was
loath to erect his new organ and then have it damaged by
the chapel being again filled with workmen and material,
and the committee barkened to his counsel and decided
to proceed with the work at once. Having insufficient
funds, the committee earnestly appealed " for the con-
tinuance of that prompt generosity they have so far been
favoured with, in order that they might be enabled to
meet further liabilities."
* Unitarian Herald, 23rd January, 1880.
t Unitarian Herald, 7th January, 1881.
X Unitarian Herald, loth June, 1881.
2 P
434 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Then began the restoration of the chapel, of which
the Unitarian Herald* gave the following account : —
Rev. J. Macdonald, has taken great interest in the restoration,
and been most assiduous in seeing that the work was carried out
thoroughly well in every detail. The cost of alterations and
fittings is close upon ;^iooo. An artistic memorial window is
given by Mr. John Robinson.
The restoration of the chapel has been very complete, all the
old fashioned seats and the three decker pulpit having been
removed, and all the floors and windows taken out ; in fact very
little remains of the old building but the walls. The new seats
are made of the finest figured pitch-pine, open ends, with sloping
and moulded backs. . . . All the aisles and the vestibule are
tiled with 4 inch tiles, the space within the communion rails
being laid with encaustic tiles of a very rich pattern. The neat
pitch-pine rails to the communion, with the gilded ornamental
brackets and the drapery about the reading desk, give this part
of the chapel a very handsome appearance. The ceiling of the
chapel is divided into panels and richly corniced ; the beams
in the ceiling are also panelled and beaded, and panelled pilasters
with ornamental capitals are carried down from each beam to
the floor. In the centre of the panelled ceiling is fixed a very
fine sunlight, which illumines the building remarkably well. In
addition to the above has been built a very handsome stone
porch, which connects the two entrances into the chapel. The
porch is lighted with two three lighted stone mullioned windows,
filled in with coloured glass. The doors in the porch are hung
in two, and are of a very beautiful design with drapery panels.
The new organ was thus described by its builders,
Messrs. Wilkinson & Sons, of Kendal :—
This instrument contains two complete manuals, the compass
extending from C C to G, 56 notes each. The Pedal Organ
extends from C C C to F, 30 notes.
Great Organ.
Feet.
1. Open Diapason CC 8
2. Hohl-Flote CC 8
3. Dulciana (grooved) C 8
* 17th March, 1882.
Pipes,
metal
56
wood
56
metal
44
RECENT HISTORY.
435
9
lo
II
12
13
14
Harmonic Flute
Principal
Fifteenth
Vidon Diapason
Rohr-Flote
Flute d'Amour i
Voix Celeste
Geigen Principal
Piccolo
Mixture (2 ranks)
Oboe
Feet.
C 4
CC 4
CC 2
Swell Organ.
Feet.
CC 8
CC 8
rooved) C 8
C 8
CC 4
CC 2
Pipes.
44
56
56
metal
wood and metal
metal
wood and metal
metal
15. Pedal Bourdon
CC various
CC 8
Pedal Organ.
Feet.
CCC 16 wood
Couplers.
16 Swell to Great.
17 Swell to Pedals.
18 Great to Pedals.
Accessories.
2 Composition Pedals to Great Organ.
I Swell Pedal.
2i Octaves of German Pedals.
Pipes.
56
56
44
44
56
56
112
56
Pipes.
30
General Summary.
Stops.
Pipes
Great Organ
6
312
Swell
8
480
Pedal
I
30
Couplers
3
Total 18 stops.
Total 822 pipes.
The outer Casing is of Polished Pitch-pine, with Moulds and
Chamfers pointed in black, that portion in connection with the
Manuals and Pedals being of Dantzic Oak. Hydraulic Power is
employed to give the Wind-supply. The Front Screen Pipes
are in Plain Gold, and are without ears — in the style of the
French.
436 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
When the new organ was inaugurated Mr. Smallwood,
assisted by his pupil, Mr. J. S. Winder, gave a recital.
An offertory was taken, the proceeds of which were
appropriated to the restoration fund.
The Chapel was re-opened at an afternoon service on
Thursday, i6th March, 1882, when a sermon was preached
by the Rev. S. A. Steinthal, of Manchester. The weather
was most unfavourable and the attendance was small.
Mr. Wilkinson, the builder of the organ, presided thereat,
and well proved its qualities by skilful performance.
In the same month that the chapel was re-opened for
service the foundation stone of the Sunday School was
laid by Miss Ann Kay Greenhow, of Anchorite's House,
Kendal, on Friday morning. A silver trowel was pre-
sented by Mr. Councillor Robinson to Miss Greenhow,
bearing the following inscription : — " Presented to Miss
A. K. Greenhow on the occasion of her laying the founda-
tion stone of the Unitarian Sunday School, March loth,
1882."
The following description shows the intentions of the
builders of the School : —
The school, which is now being built at the east side of the chapel,
will be about 46 feet long by 22 feet wide, and 15 feet of a glass
dome. It will be entirely lighted from the roof with coloured
glass. The ceiling will be a fine dome shaped one with enriched
frieze and ornamental brackets running all round, supported on
twelve panelled pilasters ornamented with twelve beautiful
Corinthian capitals. Round the dome above the frieze will be
fixed foliage leaves about 18 inches high, above these again will
be placed two rows of enrichments. The glass in the dome will
be divided into three bays, separated by ornamental beams.
The school will also be panelled all round with the best figured
pitch-pine about 3 feet 6 inches high. At one end there will be a
raised platform about 22 feet by 12 feet for the purpose of recitals
and other entertainments when required. The school will
be approached from the outside by a neat stone porch. There
will also be two extra rooms at the end of the school for use when
tea parties &c are held. A separate entrance will be made into
RECENT HISTORY. 437
the schoolroom from the chapel. It is proposed to decorate the
school when built by painting and gilding the Corinthian capitals,
frieze and pilasters, and the other elaborate ornaments in the
beautiful dome shaped ceiling, and it will be, when completed,
one of the handsomest schoolrooms either in this town or neigh-
bourhood.
The cost of the restorations and buildings of 1881-2
was £j.,y6^. To raise the funds the usual expedient was
tried, and in May, 1882, a two days' bazaar was held in
the Town Hall. The bazaar was opened by Mr. James
Wrigley of Holbeck, Windermere, and amongst those
present were the Mayor of Kendal (Mr. W. Bindloss),
Mr. H. Swinglehurst, Mr. Ainsworth, Councillor Robinson,
and Miss Greenhow. The receipts of the first day's sale
were £104 los., and the total receipts slightly exceeded
By this and various efforts all but £300 of the cost
of the restoration and the school had been met, and to
clear off this small balance a " Grand Bazaar and Old
English Fancy Fair " was held in St. George's Hall,
Kendal, on 9-1 ith March, 1893, during the ministry of
Mr. Mills.
Although it had opened so well, Mr. Macdonald's
ministry at Kendal was fated to end unpleasantly. On
31st December, 1886, he ceased to be minister. He
was afterwards at Gloucester and Sunderland, but event-
ually retired from the ministry. For a time he was a
printer in Manchester, where he died 7th February, 1909.
To Mr. Macdonald succeeded the Rev. Herbert Vincent
Mills, whose term of office began ist July, 1887, and still
continues.
438
XXXIII.
Crook and Stainton Chapels.
CLOSE to Kendal were, at an early date, two Noncon-
formist chapels, one at Crook, in Kendal parish,
and the other at Stainton, in Heversham parish, to whose
histories a chapter may be devoted, as we are able to add
a little to the information given by the Rev. Benjamin
Nightingale.*
Persecution has been suggested as the reason for the
out-of-the-way position of the two chapels, but this is
improbable. In the days of persecution there were no
chapels, and the further suggestion that the Five Mile Act
had a specific bearing on the choice of situation is in-
validated by the fact that both were well within the five
mile radius from the borough of Kendal. The probability
is that at the time of their foundation, which appears
in both cases to have been after persecution had ceased,
Crook and Stainton were convenient centres for the
congregation using them.
Mr. Nightingale made a suggestion that Crook owed
its origin to the ministrations of the Rev. Gabriel Camel-
ford, ejected, in 1662, from Staveley, which Mr. Night-
ingale identified with Staveley in Westmorland, only
2j miles from Crook. In this identification Mr.
Nightingale was followed by the Rev. J. H. Colliganj and
by the maker of the map which accompanies Mr.
Colligan's paper.
It was not, however, Staveley in Westmorland, but
Staveley in the parish of Cartmel, Lancashire, from which
* Lancashire Nonconformity, i .
t Trans. Cong. Hist. Soc, iii., 225.
CROOK AND STAINTON CHAPELS. 439
Camelford was ejected,* and moreover the scene of his
labours as a nonconformist minister was on the west
side of Windermere. Camelford was a member of the
Congregational church at Tottlebank in Colton, which
was established iSth August, 1669, and became its first
pastor, f Camelford was described as of Staveley within
Cartmell in a deed of 1669, and as of Furness Fell when
he took out a licence as a Congregationalist under the
Indulgence of 1672. + In 1677, when he and his wife
were " presented " for being " seismaticos," he was des-
cribed as of Cartmell Fell.§
Considering the distance of Crook from Furness Fell,,
we may reasonably conclude that Camelford can have
had httle connection with the origin of the Crook con-
gregation, which indeed is not heard of until long after
his death.
The date of the formation of the Crook congregation is
not known. Crook is not mentioned by name in the
Presbyterian Fund MS. which Mr. Gordon is editing, but
it may be the anonymous " well inclined people " men-
tioned in that record as being " 5 miles W. of Kendall."
They longed after means of grace, but were destitute of
preaching. The distance and direction from Kendal
agrees more closely with the house at Crosthwaite, which
was licensed in 1692 1| than with Crook. But Crosthwaite
may have been a forerunner of Crook.
The earliest reference we have found to the congregatioa
at Crook^ is that contained in the will of the Rev. Richard
* Baines's Lancashire. Ed. by Croston, v., 642 ; Shaw's Plundered
Ministers' Accounts, p. 12 ; Calamy's Ace, p. 413.
t H. Swainson Cowper's Hawkshead, p. 122. Tottlebank is regarded as
the oldest Baptist Church in Lancashire, but Mr. Nightingale remarks that it
was " as much Congregationalist as Baptist for many years of its early
history," and Dr. Shaw [Vic. C. H. Lane, ii., 74) says it was not a Baptist
Church' until 1725-
% Cal. S.P. Dom., 1672, pp. 574, 676.
§ Churchwardens' Presentment Books, Chester.
II Ante, pp. 165, 232.
^ There was, of course, an episcopal chapel at Crook at an earlier period.
In 1684 Benjamin Dennyson was curate. (Aldingham Parish Registers, p. 128,
Lane. Par. Reg. Soc.)
440 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Frankland in 1698. He made provision for a " wise
sermon " to be preached annually at Crook and two
other congregations by " wise sober and vertuous learned
men." The first minister of whom we have any record
was John Atkinson, and we know only the year of his
departure. In May, 1701, John Atkinson, " a Presbiterian
priest," was ordered by the magistrates to be indicted
at the next sessions for " preaching without taking the
oaths and signing the Articles of religion," and accordingly
on loth October following " Johannes Atkinson nuper
de parochia de Kendall Presbiter (Anglice) Presbyterian
minister " was duly indicted for preaching without a
licence and was promptly discharged.* The description
of Atkinson as lately of Kendal enables us to identify
him with the John Atkinson who became, in 1701, minister
of the Congregational Church at Cockermouth. We are
told by Lewisj that Mr. Atkinson's Church at Crook
" gave him dismission, as appeared unto us under their
hands, dated October 5, 1701." This would seem to
imply that Crook was an organized Congregational
church, but there is no other evidence that it was, and
very soon after Atkinson's time it was receiving grants
from the Presbyterian Fund. Atkinson, who was one of
Frankland's pupils, had probably been at Crook for only
a very short time.
The first reference in the Presbyterian Fund Minutes
to Crook is on 5th January, 1701-2,^ when it was agreed
" Ustenton and Crooke nere Kendall 3 miles distance
each, in Westmoreland have two Ministers and so lessen
the allowance of Kendall from £24 per annum to £17."
Nevertheless it does not appear that Crook was then
receiving a grant from the Presbyterian Fund, though
it may have had one from another Fund whose grants
were known to the managers of the Presbyterian Fund.
* Kendal Indictment Book, 1692-1724.
t Cockermouth Church, p. 120.
$ Minutes, ii., loi.
CROOK AND STAINTON CHAPELS. 44I
In 1705 " Mr. Steevenson per Mr. Harris " had a grant
of £4* and from the hsts of grants 1707-1711 we learn
that Mr. Stevenson was then minister at Crook. f
Stevenson is probably the Alexander Stephenson who
entered Chorlton's academy at Manchester in July 1699,
amongst his contemporaries there being Audland and
Pendlebury. Evidently he fell into poverty, as in 1716
IS. was given to " Mr. Stephenson formerly Minister at
Crook," and in 1723 3d. was given to " Mr. Stephenson,"
out of the money collected at the sacrament at Kendal
Chapel and usually bestowed on the poor of the
congregation.
Samuel Bourn was the next minister. Having " received
an importunate invitation to settle with a smaU society
at Crook, near Kendall, in Westmoreland, ... he
accepted, and went to reside there in 171 1. In this
retired situation he spent nine years in a close application
to his studies."! Of Bourn's religious difficulties mention
is made in chapter xxiv. (p. 275). Some of Bourn's
congregation did not approve of infant baptism, but while
respecting their views and preparing for the use of his
congregation a service for the dedication of infants, he
did not share their opposition to infant baptism for
several of his children were entered in the Kendal register
of baptisms. Bourn had an extraordinary grant from
the Presbyterian Fund of £2 on 8th June, I7i3,§ and on
7th March, 1714-5 ,the Fund increased its annual allow-
ance to the minister at Crook to £6, the payment to
date from the previous Midsummer. || In Bourn's time
the Crook congregation is stated to have numbered 130,
of whom only one had a vote.^ According to Toulmin,
* Minutes, ii., 147.
t Minutes, ii., 174, 190, 219, 225, 231.
J Toulmin's Memoirs of Samuel Bourn.
§ Minutes, ii., 243.
II Minutes, ii., 269.
If James's Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, etc., p. 681.
442 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Bourn continued at Crook until 1720, but he did not
receive the Fund grant after 1719, and on ist November
in that year it was agreed that the allowance formerly
made to Mr. Bourn at Crook and Harborough* be con-
tinued to Henry Knight, who in 1720 was paid the grant
of £6 as minister of Crook and Harborough, and occurs
again yearly to 1724, the grant having been reduced to
£5 in 1723.1 Henry Knight was at Dob Lane, near
Manchester, in 1724, and in 1739 removed to Cross
Street, Cheshire. In 1725 the Fund made a grant to
Crook and Harborough, but the minister's name is not
given. J
From 1726 to 1730 Abraham Ainsworth is named as
the minister. § He was the son of the Rev. Ralph Ains-
worth, sometime of Rivington, and was baptized loth
September, 1696. 1| The baptism of one of his children is
recorded in the Kendal Chapel register. His successor
was John Helme, who is named in the 1731 and 1732 lists
of allowances, Tl it having been agreed 5th April, 1731,
" that the allowance to Crook be continued to Mr. Helm
from the time of his settlement." ** Helme was the minister
of that name who was afterw^ards at Penruddock and
Walmsley and died 1760.
To John Helme succeeded John Jackson, to whom the
Fund allowance was continued, 6th May, 1734, from his
settlement, and was continued to 1737.7 7 In the 1738
list Crook and Harborough are stated to be vacant, and
no minister is again named in the annual lists. The
Minutes of the Fund show, however, that there were
* This is presumably Hartbarrow, where Franldand's Academy had its
home for a short time.
t Minutes, ii., 356, 372, 396, 419; iii., 18, 30.
% Minutes, iii., 42.
§ Minutes, iii., 59, 72, 89, 109, 129.
II Dukinfield Register.
^Minutes, iii., 151, 166.
** Minutes, iii., 143.
•j-f Minutes, iii., 191, 196, 215, 234, 251.
CROOK AND STAINTON CHAPELS. 443
ministers who stayed only a short time. ' On 2nd October,
1738,* the managers of the Fund continued the allowance
to Crook to Mr. Benjamin Street,! and on nth October,
1739, an extraordinary supply of £5 was granted to "
Smith of Crook."! Crook appears in the list of allowances
for 1742, no minister being named.
On 3rd March, 1745-6, the managers of the Fund
" agreed that the allowance formerly made to Crook and
Harborough be granted to Mr. Jno. Blackburn at Russen-
dale (Ravenstonedale) from Midsummer last, tih the
congregation at Crook and Harborough revive. "§
The congregation never revived. The site of the chapel
is unknown.
Stainton is in Heversham parish, and in that parish
two licences were taken out in 1672. Both of the houses
licensed were for Presbyterians. It is probable that one
of the licences, at any rate, was for Milnthorpe, where
there was twenty years later a body of Dissenters.
Stainton Chapel was commenced in 1697 and opened in
1698, and amongst the subscribers to the cost of building
were John Dickinson, Edward Briggs, Roger Dickinson,
Thomas Wilson, Mary Pennington, Henry Strickland and
Myles Addison. ||
Frankland's interest in the congregation is shown by
his legacy, left in 1698, for an annual sermon to be
preached at Stainton and other places.
In recent years the Chapel has been re-seated, and the
original pew doors, dated 1698, have been placed in a
vestry. They are carved in the same manner as the com-
temporary pew doors at Kendal Chapel. The full series
* Minutes, iii., 269.
t One of Rotheram's pupils. Afterwards minister at Chester and Maccles-
field. Died 1764.
J Minutes, iii., 292. Smith may be the John Smith who was one of
Rotheram's pupils.
§ Minutes, iii., 392.
II H. C. Brookes in Kendal Mercury, 5 April, 1912.
444 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
were E.I. ; EBMF ; RDED ; TWMP ; HSES ; MAHP ;
Of three of these we give a photograph.
On 13th January, i698[-9], 10 Wilham III. the house
of John Hind in Stainton was allowed and licensed for a
house of religious worship according to law.* John
Atkinson is the first we find described as minister of
Stainton. He was probably there as early as 1703, when
a son of " Mr. John Atkinson of Stainton " was baptized. f
Atkinson of Stainton, who must not be confused with
his namesake of Crook, was an " orthodox " man, and it
was no doubt the accident of having a Calvinistic minister
right through the time of change that stamped Stainton
with its orthodox character. It is stated to have received
a grant from the Presbyterian Fund, J but the only
reference we have found to the congregation in the
Minutes of the Fund is a doubtful one where it is named
Ustenton, and no grant appears to have been made.
In the list prepared about 1717 by Dr. John Evans,
Stainton is said to have had a congregation of 130 hearers,
mostly yeomen, tradesmen and labourers. The number
of voters is given as 86, § an incredible figure when com-
pared with that of other chapels, and is probably merely
a blunder. Josiah Thompson evidently also quoting
from Evans's list gives the congregation in 1715 as 86. ||
When John Atkinson died we do not know, but John
Kilpatrick, or Kirkpatrick, was minister of Stainton in
1734. He and his successor, James Scott, who was
minister in 1739, were Scotsmen. Judging by his
later career Scott was strongly orthodox. Unpleasant
circumstances led to his removal, in 1741, to Horton in
Craven. From there he removed to Tockholes in 1750,
and thence to Heckmondwike, where he was for a long
* Kendal Indictment Book, 1692-1724.
t Kendal Chapel Registers.
J James's Presbyterian Chapels and Chanties, p. 695.
§ James's Presbyterian Chapels and Charities, p. 695.
11 Josiah Thompson's MSS. (Dr. Williams's Library).
CROOK AND STAINTON CHAPELS. 445
period tutor to an orthodox academy. He died in 1783.
A " Rev. — Collins left Horton for Kendal " in 1741,*
and it is just possible that he and Scott changed con-
gregations. There is a long break in the list of ministers,
and although Mr. Cohigan places in the breach, Richard
Simpson as minister from 1749 (?)- 1763,! it is probable
that during part of that time Thomas Dickinson was
minister. On 14th October, 1754, when administration
of his estate was granted to Richard Gilpin Sawrey,
Dickinson was described as " late of Stainton, Protestant
Dissenting Minister." In 1772 we are informed J that
" the congregation at Stainton is reduced very low
by the decay of some families and the removal of others.
Their numbers do not exceed 30 or 40," and again in 1773
" Phinton [i.e., probably Stainton] and Great Salkield
are not inserted in this list as those two places are allmost
deserted having only occasional service." However the
Rev. James Somerville is named as minister in 1772.
In three years he removed to Ravenstonedale. The
chapel has since been served by supplies. The congre-
gation is Congregationalist.
* Miall's Congregationalism in Yorkshire, p. 284.
t Cong. Hist. Sac., iii., 219.
t Josiah Thompson's MSS.
446
XXXIV.
The Registers of Baptisms and Burials of the
Market Place Chapel and of Births of the
Unitarian Baptist Congregation.
THE Register of Kendal Chapel is probably the oldest
non-parochial register of the county, though the
continuous record does not begin as early as 1687, as is
stated by Nightingale.* The origin of the error is that
preceding the register of baptisms there is a list of births,
the earliest of which was in 1687. But it is quite evident
that this list of births is not contemporary, for it is
grouped by families instead of being chronological merely,
as it would have been had it been written up at the time.
The baptismal register proper begins in August, 1702.
From that date to 1838 the record is almost continuous,
though at two or three periods there were very few
baptisms, or the registers were not properly kept. The
latter is probably the explanation as in Dr. Rotheram's
day some of the baptisms celebrated by the Presby-
terian minister were entered, not in the Chapel register,
but in that of the Parish Church. We have added a few
of these to our transcript.
The first burial (1722) in the Chapel ground is entered
amongst the baptisms of that year. Several burials took
place in the Chapel yard, and are recorded in the Parish
Church register, 1725-1734. The Chapel register of
burials begins in 1756 and is continuous to 1834.
The Chapel Register, now in Somerset House, is in two
volumes numbered Westmorland 6.1.3042 and West-
morland 6.2.2896.
* Lancashire Nonconformity, i., 281.
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 447
The title of the first volume is : — •
" A Register belonging to the Congregation of Protest-
ant Dissenters in Kendal Westmoreland. Containing an
Account of all the Briefs, which have been tend'red, and
read in that said Congregation, since ye nth of June,
1709. And also an Account of ye children that have been
baptis'd.
And how our Publick Contributions are bestowed."
The list of briefs is a very long one, but it is not of
sufficient local interest to justify our printing it. A
" brief " was a royal authority for the collection in places
of worship of contributions in aid of church building and
other semi-public works. Individuals who had suffered
from fires and other misfortunes also obtained briefs and
presumably collected money by virtue of them. The
system was open to many abuses, and was eventually
discontinued. The amounts collected on briefs at Kendal
Chapel suggest that the Kendal Dissenters thought that
charity should begin at home, for usually a very small
sum and often nothing was contributed unless the object
was one which might be expected to appeal to a North
Country Dissenter. Thus when the famous Bristol
Church of St. Mary Redcliffe was destroyed by fire and a
brief was obtained for its rebuilding the Kendal Dissenters
contributed nothing, the entry in the register reading
" 1709 July 17 The Brief for St. Mary Redcliff Church
was read in our meeting and nothing was given or collected
upon it
Witness our Hands
Samuel Audld, Minister
Jonathan Birkett
Tho: Strickland "
The " account of the children " baptized is given in full
below.
The accounts showing how " our Publick Contributions
are bestowed " contain some items of interest. The
448
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Contributions were made at the quarterly sacrament, and
were spent in small grants to the poor of the congregation,
to travelling men and women who had attracted the
attention of the minister, in the carriage of Lord Wharton's
charity books and in minor repairs to the fabric of the
chapel. They show incidentally that at no period in the
history of the congregation was the sacrament discon-
tinued, excepting for brief periods which might easily be
the result of a minister's illness or removal. The only
long period when no accounts are given of money collected
at the sacrament was towards the end of Dr. Rotheram's
ministry and during the interregnum which followed his
death.
Our transcript is from a copy made about the time
of the transfer, and has been checked by the original.
In transcribing the frequently recurring words " son "
and " daughter " have been abbreviated to " s." and
" d.," and the dates have been reduced to uniformity.
The register of births of Unitarian Baptists does not
form part of the Market Place Chapel register.
James s. of Tho
Moore was born
Feb. 7 1687
Ellin d. of
Apr. 22 1689
Dorothy d. of
Jul. I 1691
John s. of
Mar. 24 1692/3
Sarah d. of
May 14 1695
Agnes d. of
Sep. 19 1697
Simon s. of
May I 1699
Jane d. of
May 29 1700
Margret d. of
Nov. 23 1 701
Tho s. of
Jun. 19 1706
Ellin d. of John
Thornbeck
born Jan. 15 1708/9
Margret d. of Sam Williamson bom Oct. 4 Bapt. Oct. 8 1699
Ellinor [d. of] S.
Williamson bom Mar. 30 Bapt. April 3 1701
Sam s. of Sam Williamson . . born Aug. 10 Bap. 18 1707
Hannah d. of Will. Gowthorp of Underbarrow
born Oct. 30 1696
William s. of William Gowthorp of Underbarrow
b
orn Feb. 7 1709
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS.
449
Henry s. of Tho Gibson . .
Elizabeth d. of Tho Gibson
Mary d. of Tho Gibson
Tho. s. of Tho Gibson
Margret d. to Will. Mawson
George s. of Will. Mawson
John s. of Will. Mawson
Sam. s. of Will. Mawson
born Jul. lo bap.
22 1695
born Jun. 7 bap.
13 1697
born Feb. 9 bap.
18 1699
born Jan. i bap.
13 1708
born Sep.
30 1696
born Mar.
24 1702
born Aug.
19 1705
bom Mar.
24 1708
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
Children baptised since August 1702.
Agnes d. of Thomas Hayton bap. . . . . Aug. 3
Agnes d. of Stephen Williamson . . . . Aug. 10
Agnes d. of William Warriner, Crook . . Aug. 11
Joseph and Benjamin sons of Robert Wilson Sep. 15
John s. of Tho. Gibson . . . . . . Nov. 10
John s. of John Harrison . . . . . . Dec. 20
Joseph s. of Wm Pull . . . . . . Dec. 23
John s. of John Pull . . . . . . . . Apr. 19
Edward s. of Tho. Holme . . . . . . May 9
Agnes d. of Robert Scot . . . . . . June 22
William s. of William Shepherd . . . . June 29
James s. of Jaraes Cock . . . . . . Jul. 6
Henry s. of Henry King . . . . . . Jul. 19
Mary d. of Robert Nicholson . . . . Jul. 28
Ellen d. of John Higgins . . . . . . Sep. 5
Benj" s. of John Harrison, Cartmelfell . . Oct. 5
John s. of Henry Robinson . . . . . . Oct. 26
Tho. s. of Sam. Williamson . .
John s. of Mr. John Atkinson of Stainton
Elizabeth d. of John Braithwhait Crook
Mary d. of Tho. Dodshon
William s. of Richard Clark, Crook
Robert s. of Stephen Williamson . .
Jonathan s. of George Birket Crook
Margret d. of Tho. Holme . .
Hannah d. of William Shepherd
Robert s. of Robert Nicholson
John s. of William Mawson . .
Richard s. of Tho Holme, bap. Dec
of the same month
John s. of William Brockbank
Jul.
Jul.
Jul.
Sep.
Oct.
Oct.
Nov. 23
Nov. 30
Dec.
Jan.
Apr.
Sep.
Oct.
Oct.
Dec.
Apr.
Sep.
22 born the ei
2;hth
born Oct. 27 1705
2 G
Apr.
19
Apr.
18
Jun.
I
Jun.
26
Aug.
30
Mar.
II
Mar.
19
Mar.
20
May
16
Jun.
.5
Jun.
10
450 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
[No entries 1707, 1708.]
Children baptised since March 1709.
1709 Ann d. of Rob' Harrison of Barley Bridge
born
John s. of Stephen Williamson
Elizabeth d. of William Brockbank bap. and
born
Margret d. of Tho^ Dodgshon
Lydia d. of Mr. Tho. Moor
1 710 John s. of Thomas Poole of Hartbarrow . .
Tho s. of Robert Harrison of Barley Bridge
born
Deborah d. of Thomas Holme
Isabell d. of Edward Blackstock
William s. of Josiah Shaw . .
Susanna d. of Thomas Walker
Samuel s. of William Gowthorp of Under-
barrow . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 7
Sarah Gouge d. of Mr. Giles Whitthome w"
she was three weeks old . . . . Oct. 26
1 71 1 Thomas s. of Mr. William Shepherd of
Hipshow . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 23
Alice d. of George Ellerson . . . . . . Apr. 8
William s. of William Mawson . . . . Aug. 5
Anthony s. of Stephen Williamson, was bap.
w" he was a fortnight and 4 days old . . Sep. 24
Mary d. of Edward Blackstock, born upon ye
Tuesday sevennight before . . . . Nov. i
1712 John s. of William Gowthorpe, he was born
the Saturday sevennight before . . Jan. 9
Joseph s. of Mr. Thomas Moor, born Jan.
28 10 min. past 12, bap. . . . . Feb. 8
Elizabeth d. of Josiah Shaw, born and bap. Feb. 28
Jonathan s. of Thomas Dodgshon, born 11,
bap. . . . . . . . . . . May 25
Sarah d. of William Brockbank, born Jun.
22, bap. . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 24
Isabel d. of Robert Harrison of Barley
Bridge, b. Aug. 11, bap. . . . . Sep. 3
Joseph s. of Mr. Sam. Bourn of Pow-bank,
b. Jul. 23, 3 weeks and a day before bap. Aug. 14
171:5 Elizabeth d. of Mr. William Shepherd of
Hipshow, b. a fortnight before bap. . . Jan. 6
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 45 1
1 71 3 Robert s. of Thomas Bricks of Nubikin in
Russendale, b. about a fortnight and 3
days before bap. . . . . . . . . Apr. 5
Joseph s. of WiUiam Gowthroppe of Under-
barrow, b. Jul. 30., bap. . . . . Aug. 17
1714 Samuel s. of Mr. S. Bourn, b. Dec. 21, bap. Jan. 5
Thomas s. of Stephen Williamson, b. Jan. 5,
bap. . . . . . . . . . . Jan. iS
Josiah s. of Josiah Shaw, b. and bap. . . Apr. 26
[Last entry in Audland's handwriting.]
[No baptisms 1715.]
1716 Eleanor d. of William Mawson, b. May 29,
bap. . . . . . . . . . . Jun. i^
Mary d. of Mr. John Harrison, b. and bap. Aug. 7
Both by Mr. Bourn.
[No baps. 1717, 1718.]
1719 s. of Tho. Walker, bap. . . . . Aug. 9
[Rotheram's writing begins.]
Rowland s. of Daniel Scales, bap. . .
Rebecca d. of Mr. John Harrison, bap.
Thomas s. of Henry Gibson
William s. of Anthony Fothergill, Russen-
dale
John s. of Caleb Rotheram, min'', b. and bap.
1720 James s. of Josias Shaw
Elizabeth d. of Joseph Allen
1 72 1 *Thomas s. of George Braithwhaite, Stot Park
Mary d. of Daniel Scales
Agnes d. of Patrick Dixon, a Dragoon
William s. of Will™ Watherston, a Dragoon
Margaret d. of Will™ Stalker, a Dragoon . .
Mary d. of Tho. Hunt, a Dragoon
Margaret d. of Geo. Birkett
Enos s. of Rich<i Noble (a Conformist)
1722 Jonathan s. of Matthew Birket, b. and bap.
Hannah d. of C. Rotheram, b. Mar. 8, bap.
William s. of William Hunter
Margaret d. of Henry Gibson
* The Kendal parish register records an additional name for this year,
"1721 March 20 Robert s. of Robt. and Ann Wilson of Stricklandgate was
bap. by Mr. Rotherham."
Aug.
II
Oct.
6
Oct.
20
Dec.
29-
Jan.
26
May
23
Oct.
S
Apl.
5
Apl.
27
Jun.
3
Jul.
14
Jul.
24
Aug.
29
Nov.
7
Dec.
II
Apr.
5
Apr.
8
Apr.
22
Apr.
22
452
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
N.B. — My daughter Hannah was the first
that I baptized pubhckly and her
dear Remains were the first that
were deposited near the Meeting
House . She slept in Jesus May 1 5th,
and on the i6th a pretty httle Gar-
ment was laid up in the wardrobe
of the Grave to be worn again at the
Resurrection. Blessed be God for
the Hope of this. Mr. Atkinson of
Stainton preach'd on this solemn
occasion.
Ruth d. of Mr. Anthony Fothergill, Russen-
dale, bap.
Thomas s. of Robert Greenhow
James s. of Thomas Nivyson (a Scotchman)
Robert s. of Josiah Shaw
*Henry s. of James King, b. and baptized
1723 Ruth d. of John Robinson . .
Adan d. [sic] of William Middleton
John s. of Tho. Harrison
Elizabeth d. of Daniel Scales
Thomas s. of John Strickland
Thomas s. of C. Rotheram, min^', b. Oct. 2
bap.
John s. of Rob* Greenhow . .
Richard s. of Joseph AUein . .
1724 Agnes d. of Stephen Nelson
Elizabeth d. of Henry Gibson
Agnes d. of Samuel Barr
William s. of John Robinson
Dorothy d. of Rich<i Noble
Robert s. of Robert Wilson . .
James s. of John Atkinson, Crostwhaite
1725 Richard s. of Tho. Harrison
John s. of Robert Mills
Thomas s. of Stephen Nelson
Mary d. of John Strickland . .
Mary d. of C. Rotheram, b. Nov. 8, bap
1726 Elkanah s. of Rich^ Noble . .
Jul. 10
Sep. 4
Sep. 16
Dec. 10
Mar. 2
Jun. 19
Aug. 5
Sep. 7
Nov. 13
Nov. 17
Nov. 24
Nov. 28
Mar. 2
Jul. 20
Sep. 27
Dec. 8
Dec. 20
Dec. 28
Mar. 2
Mar. 23
Apr. 12
Jun. 9
Jul. 24
Nov. 23
Dec. 10
Jul. 14
*This baptism is recorded in the Kendal parish register, " 1722 Mar. 2.
.Henry s. of James King and Margt. liis wife of Fincal street was bap. by the
Presbeterian Minister."
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS.
453
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
James s. of Robert Wilson . .
Elizabeth d. of Stephen Nelson
Rob* s. of Samuel Barr
Mary d. of Tho. Harrison
Elizabeth d. of John Gardiner
Agnes d. of Jos. AUein
Elizabeth d. of Rob* Nicholson
Joseph s. of John Robinson
William s. of John Strickland
Margaret d. of Will™ Hunter
Sarah d. of C. Rotheram, b. Feb. 22
bap.
Lydia d. of Jno. Birket of Powbank
John s. of John Crossfield
Robert s. of Edmond Warriner
Robert s. of John Atkinson
John s. of Thomas Harrison
Isabell d. of Stephen Crowkeld of
fell
Hannah d. of Mr. Ab"^. Ainsworth
John s. of Joseph Allen
Hannah d. of Mr. John Wilkinson
John s. of Robert Wilson
Isabel d. of Rob* Nicholson
Deborah d. of George Braithwaite
Agnes d. of John Birket
Dorothy d. of Stephen Nelson
Edward s. of C. Rotheram, b.
bap.
Elizabeth d. of John Strickland
Mary d. of John Robinson . .
William s. of Stephen Crowkeld
Mary d. of Joseph Allan
Richard s. of Robert Wilson
John s. of Edmond Warriner
George s. of Matthew Whitaker
Robert s. of Robert Nicholson
Jane d. of Mr. John Helme . .
Agnes d. of John Crossfield . .
Agnes d. of John Atkinson . .
Elizabeth d. of George Taylor
Benjamin s. of George Braithwaite
Benjamin s. of William Hunter
Cartmel-
1727-
Apl. iJ
Sep. 27
Oct. 13.
Oct. 24
Oct. 25
Oct. 28-
Oct. 30-
Dec. 20'
Jan. 4
Jan. 23
Feb. 28
Mar. 24
May 13
Jun. 2
Sep. 8
Sep. i6-
Sep. 17
Dec. 3
Jan. 3
Jan. 12
Jan. 14
Jan. 21
Apr. 6
Aug. 14
Sep. 23
Jan. 21
May 6-
Jul. 20
Nov. 17
Feb. 4
Feb. 4
Feb. 23
Feb. 28
Mar. 18
Apr. 29
May 25
Jun. 6
Jul. 5
Jul. 21
Sep. 14
Nov. 10
454
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
Ann d. of Mr. Alexander Boyde*
Agnes d. of George Birket . .
Henry s. of William Cherry
Jane d. of Mr. Richard Holme
Sarah d. of Edmond Warriner
Matthew s. of Matthew Whitaker
Jonathan s. of John Robinson
Thomas s. of John Strickland
Caleb s. of C. Rotheram, b. Nov. 21, bap.
Hannah d. of John Birket of Poolbank
George s. of Richard Murthwaite, Russen
dale
Thomas s. of Richard Holme
Joseph s. of Joseph Allan
Thomas s. of Mr. Edward Holme . .
Eleanor d. of Joseph Higgins
Margaret d. of Matthew Whitaker . .
William s. of Timothy Parsons
Joseph and Mary twins of Rob* Wilson
Deborah d.-of Mr. Boyde
Richard s. of Stephen Crowkeld
William s. of Thomas French
John s. of Samuel Cherry
Eleanor d. of Jonathan Peele
Ann d. of John Crossfield
, William s. of William Cherry
William s. of C. Rotheram, b. Nov. i, bap
Hannah d. of Thomas Harrison
Sarah d. of Mr. Boyde
Sarah d. of John Strickland
John s. of John Harrison of Poolbank
John s. of Cornelius Clark
Mary d. of Joseph Higgins . .
Rebecca d. of Richard Holme
William s. of Edward Holme
Stephen s. of John Williamson
James s. of John Williamson
James s. of Timothy Parsons
Elizabeth d. of Rob' Atkinson
Frances d. of Mr. Boyde
Nov. 23
Nov. 29
May 21
Jun. 6
Jun. 13
Jun. 15
Jun. 15
Oct. 22
Dec. 6
Dec. 27
Jan. 25
Mar. 27
Jul. 3
Aug. 6
Aug. 19
Oct. 25
Nov. 20
Nov. 27
Dec. II
Dec. 26
May 5
Jun. 9
Aug. 28
Oct. 6
Oct. 13
Nov. 17
Dec. 10
Dec. 10
Dec. 29
Feb. II
Mar. 5
Apr. 13
May 29
Jun. 25
Jun. 30
Jun. 30
Jul. 27
Nov. 30
Feb. 27
* This baptism is also recorded in the parish register " Anne dau. of
Mr. Alexander and Anne Boyed of Stricke. bap. by Mr. Rotheram."
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS.
455
1736 Benjamin s. of I. Atkinson (Tanner
James s. of Thomas French
James s. of Matthew Whitaker
George s. of Matthew Whitaker
Margaret d. of John Atkinson
WiUiam s. of Cornehus Clark
George s. of John Birket of Poolbank
Thomas s. of Robert Wilson
Elizabeth d. of John Strickland
James s. of John Harrison, Poolbank
Mary d. of Stephen Crowkeld
Elizabeth d. of John Crossfield
1737 Hannah d. of C. Rotheram, b. Apl. 22, bap
Rebecca d. of Mr. Edw*! Holme
Edward s. of Rob' Nicholson
Margaret d. of Sam' Gowthorp
Ann d. of Rob* Atkinson
Lydia d. of William Colton
Joseph s. of Joseph Allan
1738 James s. of William Cherry . .
John s. of Richard Holme . .
Margaret d. of Jeremiah Nicholson
John s. of Robert Grahame
1739 John s. of John Strickland . .
Edward s. of Mr. Edward Holme
Ann d. of Mr. Rob' Greenhow
Matthew s. of Matthew Whittaker
William s. of David Stot
William s. of Joshua Pull
John s. of John Harrison
1740 Lydia d. of Mr. Richti Holme
Ann d. of Sam' Gowthorp .
John s. of Joseph Higgins .
Manuel s. of John Crossfield
Ann d. of Robert Wilson
John s. of John Atkinson
John s. of Sam' Magill of Sailes
1 74 1 Dorothy d. of Mr. Edw<^ Holme
Andrew s. of Rob' Grahame
John s. of Hugh Miles
Hannah d. of Sam' Gowthorp
Lucy d. of Joseph Melbourn
Jane d. of Matthew Whitaker
May 18
Jun. 15
Jul. 8
Jul. 8
Sep. 6
Sep. 6
Oct. 7
Nov. 28
Feb. 13
Feb. 22
Feb. 22
Feb. 27
May 22
Jul. 5
Sep. 15
Sep. 25
Dec. 18
Dec. 26
Jan. 22
Mar. 26
Dec. 15
Dec. 31
Jan. 21
Aug. 12
Aug. 22
Oct. 2
Dec. 23
Feb. II
Feb. 17
Mar. 4
Apr. 20
Jun. 30
Aug. 3
Jul. 20
Oct. 5
Oct. 8
Oct. 21
Apr. 6
Jul. 4
Aug. 2
Nov. 30
Jan. 26
Jan. 28
456
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
Mary d. of Thomas Coulthred
Daniel s. of Mr. John Thompson
Mary d. of John Morton
Janet d. of David Stot
Mary d. of WilHam Dixon . .
Isaac s. of John Harrison Poolbank
Hannah d. of John Strickland
Margaret d. of James Wilson
Peter s. of Thomas Morris . .
John s. of Francis Cunningham
Margaret d. of Samuel Gowthorp
Elizabeth d. of Joseph Milburn
John s. of Mr. Edward Holme
Richard s. of Will"" Dixon . .
James s. of William Penman
Agnes d. of Matthew Whittaker
Mary d. of David Stot
Sarah d. of Mr. Sam' Gowthorp, born
Anthony s. of William Fothergill, bom
William s. of Mr. Samuel Gowthorp, bom
Thomas s. of John Atkinson,* bap.
Samuel s. of Mr. Samuel Gowthorp, born
Margaret d. of William Fothergill, born
Thomas s. of Mr. Thomas Dodgson, mercer,
bap .
Ruth d. of William Fothergill, born
Agnes d. of Thomas Gibson, jun' bap.
Richard s. of Mr. Edward Holme . .
John s. of John Smith at Burneshead
Mary d. of John Mires
Mary d. of Samuel Gowthrop
John s. of Rob' Atkinson
Jacob s. of Isaac Scarth
Jane d. of James Stilling, Brigstear
Rebecca d. of Mr. Thomas Dodgson
Margaret d. of John Tomson
George s. of James Watson . .
William s. of John Bell
Robert s. of Robert Grahme
Thomas s. of Thomas Morris
Catherine d. of Jacob Dunbavin
Mar.
12
Apr.
29
May
2
Jul.
18
Oct.
24
Jul.
18
Aug.
21
Aug.
25
Nov.
14
Dec.
4
Dec.
13
Dec.
15
Apr.
19
Jun.
18
Oct.
3
Oct.
II
Oct.
14
Jun.
22
Jun.
18
Jan.
9
Aug.
17
Oct.
II
Jan.
30
Jul.
25
Dec.
II
Nov.
18
Nov.
25
Jan.
9
Jan.
13
Feb.
19
Mar.
16
May
23
May
25
May
27
Jul.
4
Aug.
4
Sep.
26
Oct.
23
Feb.
II
Mar.
5
Also entered in the parish register as " bap. by Dr. Rotheram."
Mar.
5
Apr.
2
Apr.
3
Apr.
5
Jul.
19
Jul.
19
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 457
1752 Nathaniel s. of George Taylor
James Dearg s. of Archibald Lyle . .
Anthony s. of William Fothergill . .
Mary d. of Thomas Thompson
[End of Rotheram's writing.]
Margaret d. of Isaac Scarth (by Mr. Daye)
Margaret d. of Mr. James Wilson (by Mr.
Daye)
Mary d. of Mr. J. Thomson (by Mr. Dickin-
son of Penruddoc) . . . . . . Nov. 5
Susannah Maria d. of George Carlyle, M.D.
by Mr. Dickinson, sen. . . . . . . Oct. 31
^^753 Anne d. of Thomas Nelson, grocer, born Jul.
6, bap. by the Reverend Mr. Richie of
Great Salkeld . . . . . . . . Jul. 22
William s. of John Maclintoch, born July
16, bap. by Mr. Dickinson . . . . [no date]
Edward son of Mr. Edw<i Holme, bap. by
Mr. Dickinson, sen"^ .. .. .. Jan. 11
1754 Ann d. of William Fothergill, born . . Jun. 21
1755 Robert and Rebecca, s. and d. of Mr. Samuel
Gowthrop . . . . . . . . Feb. 15
Elizabeth d. of Mr. Rich<i Harrison, b. Mar.
20, bap. . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 12
John s. of Mr. Thos. Nelson, grocer, b. Apr.
22, bap. by Mr. Andrews . . . . May 24
John s. of Mr. Jn° Thomson, bap. by the
Revd Mr. Simpson . . . . . . Nov. 6
1756 Charles s. of Mr. Archibald Lyle, bap. by
Mr. Simpson
Elisabeth d. of John Fife, bap. by Mr. Simp-
son
Elizabeth d. of John M^lintoch by Mr.
Simpson
Agnes d. of George Taylor
William s. of Robert Sanderson [corrected
to] Anderson
Robert s. of John Smith
Anne d. of Mr. William Fothergill . .
James s. of James Stilling of Brigstear,
aged 3 years
Agnes d. of James Stilling of Brigstear,
aged 3 months
Apr.
25
Apr.
25
Apr.
Aug.
25
29
Aug.
Aug.
Sep.
29
30
23
Sep.
25
Sep.
25
458
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1756 Isaac s. of Robert Graham of Natland Mill
James s. of Mr. James Wilson, Shearman
1757 John s. of John Craig
Elizabeth d. of Mr. Thos. Gibson jun''
John s. of John Thomson, Farmer at Scalth
waiterig Stocks
John s. of Peter Halliday, Innkeeper
Mary d. of Mr. Richard Harrison, Tanner .
George s. of George Hamilton, Gardener .
William s. of John Atkinson, a mason
James s. of Alexander Bowman, Gardener.
John s. of James Watson, Pedlar
Anne d. of James Watson, Pedlar . .
William s. of Thomas Nelson, Grocer, very
weak, the other twin dead
Stephen s. of Anthony Williamson, Tanner
Catharine d. of Thomas Hunter, a Shoemaker
Isabell d. of Thomas Gardner, an old Soldier
John s. of Robert Gowdie, a Weaver
James s. of James Drummond, a soldier . .
Thomas s. of Thomas Thomson, son-in-law
to Jos Allan
Mary d. of Samuel Allan, weaver . .
1758 Hannah d. of Mr. John Thomson, Merch'
David s. of James Major, a Smith in Gray-
rigg
Henry s. of John Thomson the Farmer at
Hipshow
Margaret d. of William Pearson, Reed-
maker
Thomas s. of Mr. Thomas Nelson, grocer . .
Jane d. of John Mclintoch, Journeyman
Stocking-Weaver . .
John s. of Robert Anderson
1759 John s. of Mr. James Wilson, Shearman . .
James s. of Peter Halliday, Innkeeper
Dorothy d. of George Taylor, Barber
Jane d. of John Smith, Taylor at Burneside
Thomas s. of Mr. Thomas Greenhow of
Stainton
William s. of John Black, late of Stainton
John s. of Mr, William Fothergill, Card-
maker
Nov. 10
Dec. 19
Jan. 30
Feb. 10
Feb. 20
Feb. 23
Mar. 16
Mar. 20
May 8
May 29
Jun. 6
Jun. 6
Jul. ID
JuL 18
Oct. 23
Oct. 23
Nov. 6
Dec. 8
Dec. II
Dec. II
Mar. 2
Mar. 19
May 22
Aug.
27
Sep.
17
Sep.
24
Dec.
24
Feb.
25
Jun.
I
Jun.
I
Jun.
6
Jun.
20
Jul.
8
Jul. 9
Sep.
19
Sep.
20
Sep.
30
Oct.
21
Dec.
2
Apl.
20
Jun.
I
Jun.
9
Jul.
3
Feb.
27
Mar.
15
Mar.
22
Mar.
22
Apr.
12
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 459
1759 Thomas s. of Mr. Richd Harrison, Tanner Aug. 27
Margaret d. of Rob* Graham of Natland
Beck
Ann d. of Mr. Richd Wilson, Shearman
William s. of John Craig, a Soldier
Mary d. of George Hamilton, a Gardener.
Ellen d. of James Watson, Pedlar . .
1760 James s. of John Thomson, Farmer at
Hipshow . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 19
Joseph s. of Thomas Thomson, Woolcomber,
Stramnaongate
Janet d. of John Mitchell in Stricklandgate
John s. of William Rawson in Finkle Street
Anthony s. of Anthony Williamson of
Kirkland . .
1 76 1 Margaret d . of J ohn Maclintach, Stramongate
Ann d. of Robert Gowdie, a weaver
William s. of Mr. James Wilson, Shearman
Agnes d. of Mr. James Wilson, Shearman. .
John s. of John Black, Gardener..
Thomas s. of Peter Halliday, Innkeeper in
Highgate . . . . . . . . . . May 3
Alexander s. of Alexander Bowman, Gar-
dener . . . . . . . . . . May 10
Margaret d. of John Crosfield, of Fellside. . Aug. 16
Eleanor d. of William Swainson, of Kirkland Sep. 27
Agnes d. of Mr. Richard Harrison, Tanner,
Stramongate . . . . . . . . Oct. 15
Jane d. of George Hamilton, Gardener,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Nov. 12
Dorothy d. of Mr. Thomas Nelson, Grocer,
Highgate . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 1 1
Thomas s. of Mr. Richard Wilson, Shearman,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Dec 21
1762 Robert s. of Andrew Graham, Blacksmith,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Jun. 13
William s. of William Fothergill, Strick-
landgate . . . . . . . . . . Jul. 15
John s. of Thomas Thomson, Strammongate Jul. 18
Mary d. of George Birkett, jun'', Strickland-
gate Oct. 3
Rachel d. of John Mitchel, Weaver, Strick-
landgate . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 21
460 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1763 Hannah d. of James Taylor, Weaver, Fellside Feb. 6
Isabella d. of William Rawson, Watchmaker Feb. 13
James s. of John Black . . . . . . Feb. 27
Thomas s. of James Wilson, Shearman,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Jun. 19
William s. of Peter Halliday, Innkeeper,
Highgate . . . . . . . . . . Aug. I
Anne d. of George Symon, Gardener, High-
gate . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 7
Hannah d. of John Maclintach, Strammon-
gate . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 7
Mary d. of William Fothergill, Stricklandgate Nov. 27
Andrew s. of Andrew Graham, Burneside. . Dec. 31
1764 Joseph s. of Joseph Allan, jun'', Highgate.. Feb. 26
Robert s. of Robert Anderson, Baker,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Mar. i8
Ellen d. of John Stanley, Shoemaker, Far
Cross Bank . . . . . . . . Apr. 2
Edward s. of George Hamilton, Strickland-
gate . . . . . . . . . . May 13
Isabel d. of Jane Stot, Highgate . . . . May 19
George s. of Richard Wilson, Shearman,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . May 27
Elijah s. of Jacob Middleton, Taylor,
Market Street . . . . . . . . Jun. 17
Elizabeth d. of George Birkett jun'', Strick-
landgate . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 7
1765 William s. of Thomas and Agnes Thomson,
Strammongate . . . . . . . . Jan. 13
John s. of John and Christian Macdonald,
Kirkland . . . . . . . . . . May 8
Agnes d. of Andrew and Esther Graham,
Burneside . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 18
Elizabeth d. of James Wilson, Shearman,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Sep. 29
Peter s. of Peter Halliday, Shoemaker and
Innkeeper, Highgate . . . . . . Oct. 9
Eleanor d. of William Rawson, Strickland-
gate . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 2&
1766 Thomas s. of Alexander Bowman, Highgate,
Gardener . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 2
Mary d. of John Maclintach, Strammongate Apr. 13
John s. of John Black, Kirkland . . . . Apr. 13
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 461
1766 Margaret d. of George Birkett jun"", Strick-
landgate
Anne d. of Joseph Shaw, Highgate
Tabitha d. of John Sinclair, Kirkland
Agnes d. of Jacob Middleton, Market Street
Esther d. of Andrew Graham, Burneside
Robert s. of Mr Richard Wilson, Shearman,
Stricklandgate
Jean d. of William Mackay, Soldier in the
8th Regiment
Margaret d. of Mr. James Patrick, Strick-
landgate
1767 John s. of George Symonds, Gardener,
Highgate . .
John s. of Joseph Allan, Stricklandgate
Harriet d. of William Fothergill, Strickland-
gate
Elizabeth d. of Myles Baldwin, Highgate
Richard s. of Mr. James Wilson, Shearman,
Stricklandgate
Joseph s. of George Hamilton, Underbarrow
Richard s. of Thos. Thomson, Stramgte . .
Eleanor d. of Thos. Thomson, Stramgte . .
1768 Margaret d. of Andrew Graham of Burneside
Robert s. of John Maclintach of Strammon-
gate
Agnes d. of Richard Wilson of Stricklandgate
William s. of Joseph Shaw, Highgate
Joseph s. of William Rawson, Stricklandgate
Anne d. of Andrew Henderson, Gardener. .
George s. of George Birkett, Shearman,
Stricklandgate
1769 Mary d. of Thomas Holme, Mercer, F. Street
James s. of Joseph Allan jun'', Kirkland . .
Thomas s. of Thomas Christell, All-hallows
Lane
Agnes d. of Robert Anderson, Stricklandgate
William s. of George Symonds, Gardener,
Highgate . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 6
Thomas s. of John Mitchell, Weaver,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Nov. 5
Mary d. of James Bennet, Weaver, French
Lane Nov. 26
May
18
May
25
Jun.
25
Aug.
3
Aug.
10
Aug.
31
Sep.
13
Sep.
21
Feb.
I
Feb.
6
May
18
Sep.
20
Oct.
II
Oct.
25
Oct.
29
Oct.
29
Apr.
6
Jul.
2
Jul.
31
Aug.
21
Aug.
21
Dec.
II
Dec.
II
Feb.
14
Apr.
30
Aug.
27
Sep.
17
Dec.
14
Jan.
7
Jan.
19
Jan.
26
462 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1769 Ecroyde Claxton s. of John Claxton, Sur-
geon, Market place
1770 Elizabeth d. of James Cookson, Stramongate
Joseph s. of James Wilson, Shearman,
Stricklandgate
Christopher s. of Andrew Graham, Smith,
Burneside . .
Edward s. of Thomas Holme, Mercer,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Mar. 1 1
Johns, of George Henderson, Far Cross Bank Apr. i
Catharine d. of Daniel Campbell, Kirkland Apr. 11
Sarah d. of George Hamilton of Underbarrow Aug. 12
Alice d. of George and Dinah Ford of
Bewcastle . . . . . . . . . . Sep. 6
David s. of Joseph Shaw, Highgate . . Nov. 25
Agnes d. of John Maclintach, Strammongate Dec. 16
1 771 Martha d. John Macheaver, Serjeant in the
20th regiment . . . . . . . . Jan. 27
Hannah d. George Birkett, Stricklandgate. . Feb. 17
Josiah s. and Elizabeth d. of Jos. Lewth-
waite, Kirkland . . . . . . . . Mar. 5
Margaret d. of Richard Wilson, Strickland-
gate . . . . . . . . . . May 5
Jane d. of John Claxton, Surgeon.. .. Sep. 10
William s. of William Rawson, Watchmaker,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Sep. 22
Elizabeth d. of Thomas Holme, Mercer,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Oct. 13
John s. of James Bennet, Weaver, French
lane . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 20
Thomas, grandson of Thomas Thomson,
Stramondgate . . . . . . . . Nov. 20
John s. of Benjamin Brokenshear, a Soldier,
Kirkland . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 28
1772 Isabella d. of William Fothergill, Strick-
landgate . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 16
John s. of John Mitchell, Weaver, Strick-
landgate . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 23
Anne d. of John Shuttle worth, French lane Mar. i
Isabella d. of Alexander Lambert, Far
Cross bank . . . . . . . . Apr. 9
Mary d. of James Wilson, Shearman,
Stricklandgate Apr. 26
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 463
1 772 James s. of George Hamilton of Underbarrow May 3
John s. of William Yair, Far Cross Bank. . Jul. 15
1773 John s. of Thomas Holme, Mercer, F.
Street . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 2
Ellen d. of William Thomson, Weaver,
Fellside . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 10
James s. of Andrew Graham, Burneside.. Feb. i
Elizabeth d. of John Benson, Kirkland . . May 20
Charles s. of John Claxton, Surgeon, Market
Place . . . . . . . . . . Jun. i
Ann d. of Isaac Steele, Drysalter and Dyer,
Highgate . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 7
John s. of John Anderson, Weaver, Strick-
landgate . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 15
Mary d. of Joseph Shaw, Gardener, Highgate Sep. 5
Charles s. of William Dixon, Taylor,
Stramongate . . . . . . . . Sep. 12
John s. of George Birkett, Shearman,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Sep. 19
Isabella d. of James Bennet, Weaver,
French Lane . . . . . . . . Nov. 14
Thomas s. of Samuel Cummim, Weaver,
French Lane . . . . . . . . Dec. 5
1774 Thomas s. of William Mawson, Hosier,
Stramongate . . . . . . . . Feb. 27
Tabitha d. of John Shuttle worth. Weaver,
French Lane . . . . . . . . Mar. 6
Margaret d. of Andrew Henderson, Gar-
dener, Stricklandgate
Thomas s. of Thomas Rodick, Linen-draper,
Stricklandgate
Isaac s. of Isaac Steele, Dyer, Highgate . .
William s. of John Mitchell, Weaver, Strick-
landgate
Mary d. of Joseph Allan, Taylor, Kirkland
1775 Caleb s. of John Claxton, Surgeon, Market
Place . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 19
John s. of Mary Simson, a poor Scotswoman,
Stramongate . . . . . . . . Mar. 13
William s. of James Cookson, dyer, Stra-
mongate . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 9
Mary d. of Agnes Wilson, widow of Rich^
Wilson, Stricklandgate . . . . . . May 5
Mar.
20
Apr.
24
Jul.
16
Oct.
2
Oct.
13
464 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1775 Thomas s. of William Elyetson, Scar-sykes,
Ravenstonedale . . . . . . . . May 26
Catherine d. of Isaac Steele, dyer, Finckle
Street . . . . . . . . . . Jul. 2
Sarah d. of William Mawson, Hosier, Stra-
mongate . . . . . . . . . . Jul. 23
Mary d. of Andrew Graham, Smith, Burne-
side . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 18
James s. of William Millighan, Linen-draper,
Mercer's Lane . . . . . . . . Nov. 26
1776 Agnes d. of George Birkett, Shearman,
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Feb. 18
Richard s. of Mary Barker, Stramongate. . Aug. 25
John s. of Joseph Lindsay, Cabinet-maker,
French Lane . . . . . . . . Dec. 20
1777 Sarah d. of William Millighan, Linen draper,
M. Street Jan. 26
James s. of Joseph Shaw, Gardener, High-
gate . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 9
Margaret d. of William Mawson, Hosier,
Stramongate . . . . . . . . Mar. 23
John s. of John Claxton, Surgeon, Market
Place . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 10
Richard s of James Cookson, dyer, Stramon-
gate May 18
Ann d. of Thomas Thomson, Woolcomber,
Market Place . . . . . . . . May 25
Joseph s. of Joseph Allan, Taylor, Kirkland Jun. 28
Isabel d. of John Shuttleworth, Weaver,
French Lane . . . . . . . . Jul. 21
Sarah d. of James Bennet, Weaver, Highgate Jul. 27
Ann d. of Isaac Steele, dyer, Finckle Street Aug. 22
John s. of James Allison, Weaver, Kirkland Sep. 13
1778 George s. of John Smith, Mason, French
Lane . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 22
Mary d. of John Claxton, Surgeon, Market
Place
Mary d. of Isaac Steele, dyer, Finckle Street
Josiah s. of Joseph Allan, Taylor, Highgate
1779 Hannah d. of John Nichol of Edinburgh,
Mariner
Jane d. of Joseph Shaw, Gardener, Highgate
Jane d. of John Jardine, Taylor, Kirkland
May
10
Aug.
23
Oct.
4
Apr.
4
May
16
Oct.
10
Dec.
5
Jan.
30
Mar.
26
Apr.
10
May
28
Jul.
15
Aug.
28
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 465
1779 George s. of William Milligan, Linen draper,
Highgate . .
1780 Elizabeth d. of John Claxton, Surgeon . .
William s. of James Watson,' Shoemaker,
Stramongate
Sarah d. of John Thomson jun'. Merchant,
Finckle Street
George s. of John Armstrong, dyer, Kent
Lane
Hannah d. of Isaac Steele, dyer, Finckle
Street
Benjamin s. of Robert Sinkinson, Strick-
landgate
Catherine d. of Robert Parker, Milnthorp Nov. 18
1 78 1 Elizabeth d. of John Jardine, Taylor,
Highgate . . . . . . . . . . May 20
Ann d. of James Bennet, Weaver, Fellside May 27
Mary d. of John Thomson, Merchant,
Finkle Street .. .. .. .. Jul. ir
Mary d. of John Grant, Shoemaker in the
militia, Highgate . . . . . . Jul. 19
William the s. of William Christie, Merchant
at Montrose . . . . . . . . Aug. 16
Jane the d. of William Christie, Merchant
at Montrose . . . . . . . . Aug. 16
William s. of Christopher Grey, Strickland-
gate . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 26
Jane d. of John Armstrong, dyer, Kirkland Oct. 7
William s. of William Milligan, Linen
draper, Highgate . . . . . . Oct. 8
George s. of William Edwards, Weaver,
Highgate . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 14
Gawens. of James Allison, Weaver, Kirkland Oct. 21
Elizabeth d. of Isaac Steele, dyer, Finckle
Street
John s. of Alexander McMaster, Serjeant,
44th Regiment
Adam s. of William West, Lancaster i year
and 8 months old
Ann d. of William West, Shoemaker, Lan-
caster
1782 WiUiam s. of William Mawson, Hosier,
Stramongate
Nov.
6
Dec.
12
Dec.
30
Dec.
30
Jan.
31
2 H
466 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1782 Ellen d. of Joseph Shaw, Gardener, Highgate Feb. 11
Isabel d. of James Watson, Shoemaker,
Stramongate . . . . . . . . Mar. 7
John s. of James Stilling, Weaver, Militia,
Beast Fair . . . . . . . . Sep. 15
John s. of John Thomson, Merchant, Finckle
Street . . . . . . . . . . Sep. 25
Ann d. of Robert Sinkinson, Stricklandgate Oct. 20
1783 James s. of James Watson, Shoemaker,
Stramongate . . . . . . . . Feb. 16
Margaret d. of Isaac Steele, dyer, Stramon-
gate . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 8
James s. of John Grant, Shoemaker, Finckle
Street . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 21
1784 Elizabeth d. of John Thomson, Mercht,
F. Street . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 17
John s. of Peter Holland, tobacconist,
Finckle Street . . . . . . . . Apr. 18
Mary d. of William Milligan, Highgate . . Apr. 25
Ann d. of James Watson, Shoemaker, Stra-
mongate . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 20
T785 Thomas s. of Robert Sinkinson, bookmaker,
Highgate . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 6
Robert s. of Barney O'Neil, Waller, Kirk-
land . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 20
Sarah d. of Joseph Shaw, Gardener, Highgate Mar. 27
William s. of John Armstrong, dyer. Kirk-
land . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 5
Hannah d. of John Thomson, Merch',
F. Street . . . . . . . . . . Jul. 5
Mary d. of John Myers, Ropemaker, in
Highgate and Ellen his wife, born Sep.
16, 1785, was baptized Septr. 18, 1785 by
me C. Rotheram, P.D. Min'' . . . . Sep. 18
Jo- Ann d. of Arthur Walker, gardener,
and Jane his wife, b. Oct. 30 . . . . Nov. 6
1786 Ann d. of Isaac Steele and Mary his wife,
Stramongate, born Mar. 9 . . . . Apr. 7
Rebekah d. of James Watson, Cordwainer,
and Rebekah his wife, b. Mar. 23 . . Apr. 16
Margaret d. of Matthew Whitaker, Tobac-
conist, and Ann his wife, b. May 15 . . Jun. 11
Ann d. of William Atkinson, Waller, and
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 467
1786 Margery his wife, b. and bap. Jul. 20,
1786. Kirkland .. .. .. .. Jul. 20
Joseph s. of John Musgrave, tanner in
Highgate, and Ann his wife, b. Oct. 23 Nov. 19
Agnes d. of John Thomson, Weaver, Entry-
Lane, and Ann his wife, b. Aug. 22 . . Nov. 26
Michael s. of Robert Sinkinson, hookmaker,
and Agnes his wife, Highgate, b. Nov. 10 Dec. 10
Jane d. of David Jack and Jane his wife,
Gardener at Belle-isle in Winander Mere,
b. Nov. 8, bap. Dec. 13, 1786 at Belle-isle Dec. 13
1787 James s. of John Bowman, weaver, and
Elizabeth his wife, Highgate, b. Feb. 23 Mar. 25
Hannah d. of Charles Johnson, Weaver, and
Agnes Middleton, Workhouse, b. Mar. 12 Apr. 3
Margaret d. of Robert Petrie, Gardener,
Finckle Street, and Mary his wife, b.
May 7
John s. of John Armstrong, dyer, Kirkland,
and Elizabeth his wife, b. Aug. 29 . .
Matthew s. of Matthew Whitaker, Tobac-
conist, and Ann his wife, b. Aug. 28 . .
1788 Jane d. of William Paton, weaver, and Jane
his wife, b. Jan. 9, 1787
John s. of Thomas Miller, Tobacconist, and
Janet his wife, b. Jan. 16
Mary d. of William Atkinson, Waller, in
Kirkland, and Margery his wife, b. and
bap.
Ann d. of James Stilling, Weaver, Banks,
and Isabella his wife, born Apr. 10 . .
Reginald s. of John Armstrong, Burneside,
and Mary his wife, b. May 18. .
John s. of William Ross, Cooper, Brewery,
and Blanche his wife, b. Jun. 19
John Christian s. of David Jack and Jane
his wife, Winandermere, b. May 28 . .
James s. of James Watson, Shoemaker,
Finkle Street, and Rebekah his wife,
b. Aug. 17 Sep. 14
William s. of Charles Johnson, Weaver,
Stricklandgate, and Agnes his wife, b.
Nov. 30 . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 8
Jun.
24
Sep.
23
Sep.
23
Jan.
6
Jan.
20
Feb.
27
May
3
Jun.
15
Jul.
13
Sep.
8
468 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1788 David s. of John Musgrave, Tanner, High-
gate, and Ann his wife, b. Oct. 31 . . Dec.
A Register belonging to the
Congregation of Protestant-Dissenters.
Kendal, 1789.
Kendal Meeting Christenings
1789 Margaret d. of Robert Sinkinson and Agnes
his wife, Market Place, b. Jan. 13 . . Feb. 8
Jane d. of John Bowman, Weaver, Higli-
gate, and Elizabeth his wife, b. Feb. 12 Mar. i
Joseph s. of Matthew Whi taker. Tobacconist,
Fishmarket, and Ann his wife, b. Feb. 16 Mar. 29
Jane d. of Robert Petrie, Gardener, Finckle
Street and Mary his wife, b. May 22 . . Jul. 12
Alicia Ann d. of John Thomson, Merchant,
Finckle Street and Hannah his wife, b.
Aug. 15 Sep. 24
William s. of William Ross, Cooper at the
Brewery, and Blanche his wife, b. Oct. 25 Nov. 22
1790 Jane d. of Jane Smith, Kirkland, b. Jan. 4 Feb. i
Margaret d. of John Armstrong, Dyer, High-
gate and Elizabeth his wife, b. and bap. Jun. 18
Ellen d. of John Armstrong and Mary his
wife, Burneside, b. Oct. 28 . . . . Dec. 6
1 791 Allan s. of Allan Myers, Woolcomber, Far
Cross Bank, and Ann his wife, b. Feb. 2 Feb. 16
John s. of Caleb Rotheram Min'' and Hannah
his wife, b. Jan. 14, bap. by Revd John
Harrison of Lancaster . . . . . . Feb. 25
Mary d. of Charles Johnson, Weaver, and
Agnes his wife, Stramongate, b. Mar. 26 Apr. 3
William s. of James Echlin, dyer, and Agnes
his wife, Highgate, b. Apr. 7 . . . . Apr. 24
[The following note is inserted here]
We the undersigned certify that the name
Echlin in the Register of William the
son of James Echlin and of George
the son of James Echlin, subsequently
registered in this book in 1793 has
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 469
always been spelled Eglin and is now
so spelled.
Charles Docker
William Patton
Edwd Holme
I, George Taylor Eglin do hereby certify
that I am the son of James Eglin and
Agnes his wife, and the person mentioned
in the certificate of Baptism. That my
grandfather was called George Taylor
and that such Christian name of George
Taylor was given me by my father
whose surname was Eglin but described
in the register of baptisms Echlin.
Dated this 12th day of August 1837.
George Taylor Eglin.
Witness
Jas. Goad, Solicitor
Ulverston.
179T Margaret d. of William Atkinson, Waller,
and Margery his wife, b. Jun. 7 . . June 14
Daniel s. of James Stilling, Waller, and
Isabella his wife, Fellside, b. Jun. 4 . . June 22
Thomas s. of Thomas Mackrel, Corporal in
the 44th Regiment, and Margery his
wife, Kirkland, b. Jul. 17 .. .. July 21
William s. of John Musgrave, Tanner, and
Ann his wife, Wildman St., b. Jul. 9.. Jul. 24
Elizabeth d. of James Watson, Cordwainer,
and Rebecca his wife, Finckle St., b.
Sep. 6 . . . . .... . . Sep. 25
Thomas s. of William Milligan and Martha
his wife, Mantua maker, Finckle St.,
b. Oct. 29 . . . . . . . . Dec. 18
1792 Andrew s. of Thomas Millar, tobacconist,
and Jane his wife, Stramongate, b. Dec.
27, 1791 . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 8
Mary d. of Robert Petrie, Gardener, and
Mary his wife, Finckle Street., b. Apr. 14 May 6
William s. of Caleb Rotheram, Min^ and
Hannah his wife, b. May 21, bap. by the
Rev. Mr. Harrison, Lancaster . . . . Jul. 4
470 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1792 John s. of the late John Jackson and Mary
his wife, b. Sep. 28 . . . . . . Oct. 14
Thomas s. of William Ross, Cooper at the
Brewery, and Blanche his wife, b.
Oct. 16 . . . . . . . . . . Nov. II
1793 John s. of John Bowman, Weaver, and
Elizabeth his wife, Highgate, b. Mar.
29, 1792 . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 21
Jane d. of John Musgrave, Tanner, and Ann
his wife, Wildman St., b. Jan. 25 . . Feb. 24
Elizabeth d. of Hamilton Edwards, Weaver,
and Elizabeth his wife, Wildman St.,
b. Feb. II .. .. .. .. Mar. 10
George s. of James Echlin, dyer, and Agnes
his wife, Highgate, b. Mar. 29 . . . . May 21
Jane d. of Charles Johnson, weaver, and
Agnes his wife, b. May 15, Stramongate Jun. 2
Sarah d. of Ann Myers, widow of Allan
Myers, b. Jul. 13, Far Cross Bank . . Jul. 29
Agnes d. of the late Matthew Rodick, linen
draper, and Elizabeth his wife, Strick-
landgate, b. Aug. 8 . . . . . . Dec. i
1794 Mary Ann d. of Dawson Gardner, Cabinet
maker, and Elisabeth his wife, Strick-
landgate, b. Mar. i . . . . . . Mar. 23
Elizabeth d. of Hamilton Edwards, weaver,
and Elizabeth his wife, Branthwaite
Brow, b. May 12 .. .. .. Jun. 8
Edward s. of Caleb Rotheram, Minister, and
Hannah his wife, b. Aug. 9, bap. by the
Rev. Mr. Harrison of Lancaster . . Sep. 14
Robert s. of Robert Petrie, Gardener,
Finckle St., and Mary his wife, b. Oct. 30 Nov. 5
Sarah d. of Robert Petrie, Gardener,
Finckle St., and Mary his wife, b. Oct. 30 Nov. 5
1795 John s. of John Armstrong, Cotton Works,
Burneside, and Mary his wife, born Sep.
25, 1794 Jan. 8
David s. of Samuel Relph, Tanner, Highgate,
and Agnes his wife, b. Mar. 25 . . . . Apr. 22
Mary d. of Thomas Thompson, Woolcom-
ber, and Mary his wife, Stramongate, b.
Apr. 18 May 24
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 47r
1795 John s. of John Musgrave, Tanner, and Ann
his wife, Kirkland, b. May 26 . . . . Jun. 21
James s. of WiUiam Ross, Brewer, and
Blanch his wife, Wildman St., b. Aug. 19 Sep. 15
Ellen d. of Robert Petrie, gardener, and
Mary his wife, Finckle St., b. Oct. 23. . Nov. 29-
Isabella d. of Hamilton Edwards, weaver,
and Elizabeth his wife. Market Place, b.
Oct. 31 . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 29^
1796 Caleb Charles s. of C. Rotheram, Minister,
and Hannah his wife, b. Apr. 15, bap. by
Rev. J. Harrison, Lancaster . . . . May &
Kendal Meeting. Christenings. John Harrison Min'',
John s. of Alexander Eraser, a soldier, and
Sophia his wife, being one week old . . Sep. 4
John s. of John and Elizabeth Mc.CuUey. . Dec. 4
1797 Alexander s. of Richard Ware, a soldier,
and Janet his wife, being 8 days old . . Feb. 17
1798 John s. of John Armstrong of Burneside, b.
Eeb. 25 . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 6
1799 Margaret d. of Robt and Mary Petrie, b.
Eeb. 23 . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 7
Elizabeth d. of Thomas and Elizabeth
Cookson, b. Oct. 14 . . . . . . Nov. 10
1800 John s. of John and Elizabeth Bowman, b.
Dec. 7, 1799 . . . . . . . . Feb. 3
Margaret d. of William and Margaret Cook-
son, b. Apr. 26 . . . . . . . . Jun. 8
1801 William Strickland s. of Thomas and
Elizabeth Cookson, b. June 18 . . Jul. 12
John Allen, s. of John Allison and Catherine
his wife, b. Jan. 3 . . . . . . Aug. 9
1802 Margaret d. of Jas. and Agnes Pennington,
bap. at their house . . . . . . Nov. 14
1803 James s. of Thomas and Elizabeth Cookson,
b. Feb. 18 . . . . . . . . Apr. 24
David s. of William and Mary Kennedy,
bap. at my own house . . . . . . Jul. 14
John s. of James and Alice Corbet, b. Jul. 4 Aug. 7
1804 John s. of Thomas and Elizabeth Cookson,
b. Sep. 7 . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 7
Eleanor d. of William Mawson, b. Sept. 13 Oct. 14
472 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1805 Henry s. of Agnes Pennington, bap. at her
house Apr. 28
Ameha d. of WiHiam and Jane Savage, bap.
at the Meeting, being 5 months old . . May 5
James s. of James and AUce Corbet, being
8 weeks old . . . . . . . . July 18
Thomas s. of Rob' and Nancy Rigg, b. Nov.
27 . . . . . . ..... . . Dec. 25
1806 Thomas s. of Thomas and Elizabeth Cook-
son, b. May 31 . . . . . . . • Jun. 29
Elizabeth d. of James and Jane Creighton,
b. Sep. 28 Oct. 26
1807 Mary d. of James and Alice Corbett, b. Jun. 21 Aug. 25
Mary d. of Robert and Ann Rigg, b. Nov. 23 Dec. 20
1808 Richard s. of Thomas and Elizabeth Cook-
son, b. Mar. 13 . . . . . . . . Apr. 13
Henry James s. of William and Mary
Wightman, b. Mar. 17, 1805 . . . . Jul. 24
Bennet, s. of William and Mary Wightman,
b. Mar. 26, 1808 Jul. 24
1809 Jane d. of Jane Creighton, a widow, b.
Feb. 18 . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 2
John Stubs s. of James and Agnes Willan,
b. Jun. 23 . . . . . . . . Jul. 23
Agnes d. of John Harrison, Tailor, and
Agnes his wife, b. Dec. 4 . . . . Dec. 28
Richard s. of Robert and Ann Rigge, b.
Dec. 7
3810 James s. of James Cassells, M.D., and Mary
his wife, b. Mar. 23
Henry s. of Thomas and Elizabeth Cookson,
b. Apr. 10
Elizabeth d. of James and Alice Corbet, b.
June 30
381 1 Newton Douglas s. of William and Mary
Wightman
Susannah d. of James Cassells, M.D., and
Mary his wife, b. Apr. 14
Thomas s. of Thomas Parkinson and Martha
his wife, being about 15 weeks old
1812 Eliza d. of William and Mary Wightman. .
Hannah d. of Thomas and Elizabeth Cook-
son, b. Mar. 17 .. .. .. •• Apr. 16
Dec.
31
Apr.
15
Jun.
29
Sep.
2
Jan.
29
Apr.
28
Oct.
27
Feb.
18
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 473
1812 Mary Ann d. of Robert and Ann Rigge, b.
Jun. 16 JuL 5
Jane Adeline d. of Robert and Agnes Boyd,
being about 11 days old .. .. Aug. g
John s. of James Cassells, M.D., and Mary
his wife, b. Aug. 20 . . . . . . Aug. 23
Robert s. of John Harrison, Tailor, and
Agnes his wife, b. Jul. 31 . . . . Aug. 30
1813 Anthony Fothergill, s. of James and Alice
Corbet, b. Jan. 12 . . . . . . Mar. 7
Walter s. of James Cassells, M.D., and Mary
his wife, b. Aug. 9 . . . . . . Aug. 22
George s. of Thomas and Ellen Scott, b.
Apr. I . . . . . . . . . . Sep. 19
Ann d. of Joseph Whitaker and Elizabeth
his wife, b. Sep. 8 . . . . . . Nov. 2
1 81 4 Mary d. of William and Mary Wightman,
being one month old
Thomas s. of James and Agnes Willan . .
Margaret d. of Robt. and Ann Rigg, b.
Feb. 16 . .
Sarah d. of Thomas and Elizabeth Cookson,
b. Apr. 14
Edward s. of Robert and Isabella Gudgeon,
b. Jul. 24
1815 William s. of James and Alice Corbett, b.
Apr. 10
Elizabeth d. of Joseph Whitaker and
Elizabeth his wife, b. Aug. 10
John Mason, s. of Edward Harrison and
Agnes his wife, b. Nov. 13 . . . . Dec. 6
1816 Elizabeth d. of Robert Brooks and Jane
his wife
Hannah d. of Robert Gudgeon and Isabella
his wife, b. Jun. 15 . . . . . .
Edwin Mitford s. of Thomas and Elizabeth
Cookson, b. Sep. 23
George s. of Edwd. Harrison and Agnes
his wife, b. Nov. 28
1 8 1 7 Eleanor d. of Joseph Whitaker and Elizabeth
his wife, b. Apr. 20
Elizabeth d. of Edwd. Docker and Rebecca
his wife, about 3 months old . .
Feb.
24
Mar.
6
Mar.
13
May
24
Aug.
16
May
II
Sep.
10
May
26
Jul.
14
Oct.
22
Dec.
19
Apr.
21
May
II
474 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
i8i8 Thomas s. of Robert Brooks and Jane his
wife, being i month old . . . . June 2S
Edward s. of Edward Docker and Rebecca
his wife, about i month old . . . . Sep. 6
Margaret Airey d. of Edward Harrison and
Agnes his wife, b. Nov. 21 . . . . Dec. 20-
1819 Mary d. of Thomas and Elizabeth Cookson,
b. Jan. 2 . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 8
James s. of Margaret Golden, a widow, b.
May 29 . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 27
Jane d. of Robert and Isabella Gudgeon . . Sep. 25
1820 Elizabeth d. of Robert and Jane Brooks,
being about i month old . . . . Jan. 2
Alice d. of Edward and Agnes Harrison,
being about i month old . . . . Jan. n
John s. of William Wightman . . . . Sep. 3
Henry s. of Jonathan Roy and Jane his wife Oct. 28'
1 82 1 Mary Anne d. of Edward and Rebecca
Docker, b. Aug. i . . . . . . Aug. 26
1822 Isabel d. of Alexander Orcherton and Isabel
his wife, b. Jan. 16 . . . . . . Feb. 17
Thomas s. of James and Margaret Strachan,
b. Apr. 22 . . . . . . . . May 26'
1823 Robert s. of Edward and Agnes Harrison, b.
May 21 . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 15
Mary d. of Joseph Barret and Ann his wife,
b. Nov. 27 . . . . . . . . Dec. 21
1825 Edmund s. of Jonathan and Mary Harker,
b. Mar. 15, 1824, bap. . . . . . . Apr. 10
1826 James s. of Thos. Glover and Ann his wife,
b. the 26th . . . . . . . . Aug. 27
1828 Margaret d. of John Rakestraw and Eliza-
beth his wife, b. Nov. 21, 1825. . . . Sep. 21
Robert s. of John Rakestraw and Elizabeth
his wife, b. Aug. 24 . . . . . . Sep. 21
1 83 1 Henry s. of John Rakestraw and Elizabeth
his wife, b. Jul. 11 . . . . . . Aug. 14,
1834 Mary Ann d. of John Rakestraw and Eliza-
beth his wife, b. Feb. 11 . . . . May 25
William Newton s. of James Spedding and
Rebecca his wife, born Apr. 27, 1836
1837 William s. of Margaret Stewart, b. Feb. 3,
bap. May 7
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 475
1837 William s. of William Hunt and Isabella
his wife, b. May 3 . . . . . . May 27
John Horsfall s. of Robert Atkin and Martha
his wife, b. . . . . . . . . Jun. i&
1838 John s. of Anthony Hudson and Agnes his
wife, b. . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 17
1843 Elizabeth d. of Anthony Hudson and Agnes
his wife, b. . . . . . . . . Feb. 6*
Although the burial ground was used from 1722, the
first interment being that of an infant daughter of Dr.
Rotheram (see Register of baptisms, 1722), the chapel
register of burials does not begin until 1756.
Mr. Jennings supplied us with the following notes
of earlier burials at the chapel recorded in the parish
registers.
1725 Apr. 24 Thomas Gibson of Stramongate bur. at the
Presbittrion meeting house.
Oct. 2 Sarah Ogton of Fincal street bur. at the
Presbitiran meeting house.
Thomas Strickland of Stricklandgate bur.
at the Presbeterian meets house.
Jno. Foster, a soldier bur. at the Presbeterian
Meeting House.
Mary d. of Joseph Allan of Kirkland at ye
meeting house.
Register of Burials.
1756 Mary Mawson, aged 82
Ann d. of Mr. William Fothergill, aged i . .
Margaret Nevison, advanced in years, her
age not mentioned
Mrs. Mary Harrison, the widow of Mr. John
Harrison .aged 80
1757 Elizabeth d. of Thos. Thomson, son-in-law
to J. Allan, aged i
Mr. Benjamin Atkinson, Shearman, died
May 2, aged 36 . .
Martha Saul, d. May 17, aged 75 . .
George Augustus Gale, d. Oct. 6, aged 38 . .
This entry is not in the original register, but occurs in the transcript.
1726
Jan. 23
1728
Apr. 30
1734
May 30
Mar.
Apr.
14
2»
Jul.
30
Sep.
5
Feb.
15
May
May
Oct.
4
19
8
Dec.
3
Dec.
17
Mar.
II
Apr.
8
Aug.
27
Sep.
26
Mar.
21
476 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1758 John Crossfield, Cobler, d. May 2, aged 65. . May 3
William Burnyeats, a journeyman comber,
d. May 29, aged 51 .. .. .. May 30
Jane Woodburn, d. Oct. 22, a poor woman
advanced in years . . . . . . Oct. 23
Nathaniel s. of Geo Taylor, Barber in Kirk-
land, aged 6 . . . . . . . . Oct. 31
Mrs. Mary Harrison, late wife of Mr. Thos.
Harrison, Tanner, who dep. this life
Thursday night Nov. 30 between 12 and
I, aged 70 . .
Mrs. Hannah Gowthrop d. Dec. 14, aged 62
1759 Agnes Baxter, advanced in years
Mr. Thos. Gibson, weaver, d. Apr. 6
Mary d. of John Gowthrop, aged 2
William s. of Rich'^ Burnyeates, aged 5 . .
1760 Mary wife of Mr. Archibald Lyle of Common
Garden d. March 19, aged 33
Anne, widow of Mr. Thomas Wilson of
Patten, who departed this life Mar. 24,
aged 90 . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 27
William s. of John Craig, a soldier in the
East Indies . . . . . . . . Apr. 25
John Stevenson, a Tanner, Highgate, aged 34 May 15
Jane, widow of Thomas Gibson of Stram-
mongate, aged 95, within a few days
of 96 . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 12
William s. of Robert Anderson, Finckle St.,
aged 4 . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 30
A very young child of Agnes Robinson's . . Nov. 2
1 761 Mary wife of John Thomson of Hipshow,
Farmer, aged 42 . . . . . . . . Jun. 15
John Thomson of Hipshow, Farmer, aged 45 Jun. 18
1762 John s. of John Black in the first year of his
age Jan. 9
James s. of John Thomson, late of Hipshow,
in the 2"^ year . . . . . . . . Jan. 29
Margaret d. of Robt. Graham of Natland
Beck, in the 3rd year . . . . . . May 13
Richard Harrison, Strammongate, who
departed this life Sep. 14, aged 37 . . Sep. 16
George s. of George Hamilton, Strickland-
gate, aged 5 Oct. 20
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 477
1762 Jane d. of George Hamilton, Stricklandgate,
first year . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 22
Rachel d. of John Mitchel, Weaver, Strick-
landgate . . . . . . . . . . Dec. I
William s. of William Fothergill, in the
first year . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 25
1763 Robert Graham of Natland Mill, aged 50. . Dec. 24
1764 Isabel d. of John Mitchel, Weaver, aged 7. . Feb. 15
1765 Robert s. of John Smith of Burneside,
aged 8 . . . . . . . . . . Jul. 20
Mr. Anthony Strickland, who departed this
life Oct. 30, aged 69 . . . . . . Nov. i
Mr. Josiah Shaw, late of Cheapside, London,
Hosier, who departed this life Dec. 2,
aged 51. See Reg"^^ 1714 •• •• Dec. 4
1766 Robert s. of Robert Anderson, Strickland-
gate, aged I . . . . . . . . Feb. 4
Mrs. Rebecca Dodgson, wife of Mr. Thomas
Dodgson, Mercer in Stricklandgate, who
departed this life July 22, buried at the
Sepulchre, Fellside, aged 46. See Register
of Christenings Oct. 6, 1719 . . . . Jul. 24
Mrs. Mary Harrison, sister of the above Mrs.
Dodgson, who departed this life Aug. 21,
aged 50. See Aug. 7, 1716 . . . . Aug. 22
Mrs. Mary Thomson, wife of Mr. John
Thomson, who departed this life Sep,
7, aged 45. See Reg'' Apr. 27, 1721 . . Sep. 9
1767 Tabitha d. of John Sinclair, who was bap.
Jun. 25,1766 . . . . . . . . Jan. 27
Margaret d. of Mr. James Patrick, who died
the 22nd, of the small-pox by inocu-
lation [see Reg'' of Baptism] Sep. 21, 1766 Nov. 23
Margaret d. of Mr. Matthew Whitaker who
departed this life Nov. 23rd, aged 34.
See Reg'' Oct. 25, 1733 . . . . Nov. 26
Thomas Morris who departed this life Dec.
25, aged 57 . . . . . . . . Dec. 27
1768 John Simpson from the Poor House, aged
upwards of 80 . . . . . . . . Mar. 6
George Birkett of Stricklandgate, Shearman,
who departed this life the 22^^ in the
67th year of his age . . . . . . Apr. 24
478 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1768 Thomas s. of Alexander Bowman, aged 2.
See Mar. 2, 1766 .. .. .. Sep. 25
Hannah d. of Thomas Harrison who died
Oct. 8, aged 33. See Dec. 10, 1734 . . Oct. 10
Robert s. of John MacUntach. See Jul. 2 Nov. 6
1769 Rachel Radcliffe, aged 16, Stricklandgate Feb. 16
A child of John Maclintach's, that died in
the birth . . . . . . . . . . Sep. 8
1770 George s. of John Shuttleworth of Kirkland,
aged I . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 6
Ann Harrison, grand-daughter of William
Colton's wife, Stricklandgate, aged 18.. Jul. 15
Dorothy the dear, beloved, wife of Caleb
Rotheram, who died at 5 in the morning,
Septr. 28, aged 37. She was born May 29,
1733, and married to C. Rotheram Septr.
24, 1755. The daughter of John Markett
of Meopham in Kent, Gent. . . . . Oct. i
John Maclear, Entry, Stricklandgate, aged 87 Dec. 16
1 771 Prudence, widow of Henry Gibson, who died
Mar. I, aged 83 . . . . . . . . Mar. 3
Sarah Maclear, widow of John, who died
Mar. 31 . . . . . . . . . . Apr. i
Elizabeth d. of Joseph Lewthwaite, Kirkland Aug. 28
Thomas, grandson of Thomas Thomson,
bapfd Nov. 20 . . . . . . . . Dec. 15
1772 Mary Allan, Highgate, who died Feb. 10,
aged 22 . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 11
Elizabeth d. of Thomas Holme, Mercer,
bap. Oct. 1771 .. .. .. .. Jul. 2
John Holme, Grocer, who died Aug. 15, aged
28 . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 17
John s. of George Symonds, aged 5. See
Feb. I, 1767 . . . . . . . . Oct. 4
George Symonds, Gardener, Highgate, aged
78
Anne d. of John Shuttleworth in the ist year
John s. of Benjamin Brokenshear, bap. Dec.
28, 1771
1773 John s. of Thomas Holme, bap. the 2nd inst.
James Shaw, Kirkland, who died Mar. 24,
by a fall from his horse, aged 52. See
Register of baptisms. May 23, 1720 . . Mar. 26
Oct.
19
Nov.
II
Nov.
13
Jan.
5
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 479
1773 Agnes d. of John Shuttleworth, aged 16.
Fr. Lane . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 29
Ann d. of Isaac Steele junr. See Aug. 7,
1773, baptd. .. .. .. .. Aug. 8
Matthew Whitaker, Tobacconist, who died
the 15, aged 77 . . . . . . . . Oct. 17
EHzabeth wife of WilUam Strickland,
Brazier, who died the i8th inst. aged
36, Stricklandgate . . . . . . Dec. 21
1774 Agnes Lowman, widow, aged 84, Kent Lane Mar. 28
Sharnall Sturman, formerly of Wapping,
London, late of Kendal, who died the
24th inst., aged 74, Stramongate . . May 29
John Armstrong who died the 20th inst.
aged 82, Stramongate . . . . . . Jun. 22
John Mitchell, aged 2. See Register of
Baptisms, Feb. 23, 1772 . . . . Sep. 14
William Colton, Woolcomber, from the
poor house, aged 81 . . . . . . Dec. 19
1775 Elizabeth Atkinson, widow of Benjamin
Atkinson, in Stricklandgate, who died
Dec. 31, aged 51. See Reg. 1723 .. Jan. 2
William Stephenson, a laborer at Benson
Hall, aged 68 Oct. 29
Mary d. of Joseph Allan, aged i. See Regis-
ter 1774 .. .. .. .. .. Dec. 21
1776 Mary Jackson, Kirkland, who died Jan. 2,
aged 59 Jan. 5
James s. of William Millighan, an infant,
bap. Nov. 26, 1775 . . . . . . Feb. 8
Mary wife of Joseph Allan, aged 85, from
the Workhouse . . . . . . . . Mar. 15
Agnes, widow of George Birkett, Strickland-
gate, aged 86 . . . . . . . . Mar. 27
Joseph s. of Joseph Allan jun"^ aged 12, bap.
Feb. 26, 1764 . . . . . . . . Jul. 18
Susan wife of Wilson, Stricklandgate,
aged 54 Aug. 2
Margaret d. of Widow Margaret Gibson,
aged 22 . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 9
1777 John s. of Joseph Lindsay, an infant. See
Dec. 30, 1776 .. .. .. .. Feb. 3
Oct.
24
Nov.
10
Nov.
20
Dec.
23
Jan.
I
480 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1777 Thomas Henderson, a soldier's son, aged 8,
from Workhouse . . . . . . . . May 15
Jane d. of John Claxton, Surgeon, aged 5. . Jun. 12
Joseph s. of Joseph Allan, Taylor, Kirkland,
an infant . . . . . . . . . . Jun. 30
Thomas s. of Jane Stroddart, Highgate,
aged 6
Isabel d. of John Shuttleworth, an infant. .
Elizabeth widow of Edward Holme, aged 62,
Market Place
Ann d. of Isaac Steele, Finckle Street, an
infant
1778 Joseph Allan, from the Workhouse, aged 81
Alexander Douglas of Bolton, Lancashire,
aged 26. He died of a consumption at
the King's Arms in this town, on a
journey to his friends at Wigtown in
Galloway . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 13
1779 James s. of John Mitchell, Finckle Street,
aged II . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 6
Agnes widow of Anthony Strickland, aged
73, Stricklandgate . . . . . . May 5
John s. of George Birkett, aged 6, Strick-
landgate
Sarah d. of James Bennet, Weaver, aged 2
Agnes d. of George Birkett, aged 3 . .
Ann d. of Thomas Thomson, aged 2
Sarah d. of William Mawson, aged 4
Mary d. of John Claxton, Surgeon, aged i
Joseph s. of Thomas Thomson, aged 19 . .
1780 John Sinclair, aged 70, Kirkland . .
George s. of John Armstrong, dyer, Kent
Lane, an infant . . . . . . . . Jun. 22
Agnes, widow of Matthew Whitaker, aged
73, Fish Market . . . . . . . . Jun. 27
John Smith, taylor, Natland Beck, aged 64 Oct. 31
Jane d. of John Irving, Stricklandgate, an
infant . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 26
Agnes, widow of Robert Graham, Kirkland,
aged 63 . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 27
1 78 1 Jonathan Birkett, Stramongate, aged 76 Feb. 13
Thomas Gibson of Stramongate, aged 73.
Three years before his death he conveyed
Aug.
19
Aug.
27
Sep.
9
Sep.
10
Sep.
25
Nov.
22
Dec.
10
Apr.
la
Apr.
19
Jul.
4
Jul.
29
Oct.
2
Dec.
16
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 481
1 781 Ralphfordhall in Stramongate to trustees
for the use of the Protestant dissenting
Minister, paying one guinea every Easter
Tuesday to the Blue coat hospital in
Kendal . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 10
Tabitha d. of John Shuttleworth, aged 7,
Fr. Lane . .
George Taylor, Barber, Kirkland, aged 66
Elizabeth Cookson, Stramongate, aged 84
Thomas Dodgson, Stricklandgate, aged 76
Thomas Harrison, Stramongate, aged 84 . .
1782 Richard Holme, Brazier, Stricklandgate,
aged 75 Jan. 20
William Gowthorp, formerly a tanner,
Highgate, aged 73 . . . . . . Feb. 7
Isabel d. of James Watson, Shoemaker, an
infant . . . . . . . . . . Mar. ir
Thomas s. of William Mawson, Hosier,
aged 8 . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 13
Mary wife of Joseph Allan, Fish Market,
aged 41 . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 26
1783 John s. of John Claxton, surgeon, aged 6. . May 24
Helen wife of Matthew Whitaker, Tobac-
conist, aged 29 . . . . . . . . Aug. 5
Gawen s. of James Allison, Weaver, Kirk-
land, aged 2 . . . . . . . . Oct. 5
Joseph Allan, Taylor, Fish Market, aged 46 Dec. 10
James s. of John Grant, Finckle Street, an
infant . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 22
1784 Jane wife of James Ormiston, baker,
Highgate, aged 64 . . . . . . Aug. 12
James s. of James Watson, shoemaker, aged I Sep. 7
1785 Willliam s. of Christopher Grey, Highgate,
aged 3 . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 25
Elizabeth Johnstone, Stricklandgate, aged 74 Jun. 2:
Mary d. of Wilham Milligan, Highgate,
aged I Jun. 5
Ellen d. of Joseph and Jane Shaw, aged 4. . Oct. 30-
1787 James Patrick of Kendal, Linen draper,
aged 70, was buried the 5th day of Mar.
1787 Mar. 5,
Mary Gibson, widow of Thomas Gibson,
aged 82 Apr. 20-
2 I
482 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1787 Agnes Winder of Kirkland, aged 16 . . Aug. 6
John Thomson Esq' of Kendal, aged 77 Aug. 9
Mary, wife of Isaac Steele, aged 41, was
buried the 14th day of November, 1787,
and in the same grave, her infant which
died soon after its birth . .
1788 Elizabeth Turner of Kirkland, aged 55
Dorothy Holme of Market Place, aged 47
William Mawson of Stramongate, Hosier,
aged 44
Samuel Gowthrop of Finckle Street, Hosier,
aged 77
Jane, wife of William Paton, Weaver,
aged 32
Elizabeth Holme of Market Place, aged 42
Margaret d. of Robert Petrie and Mary his
wife, aged i
Catharine Hardy, widow of Rev. John
Hardy, aged 81 . .
Nov. 8, 1788. Reed eight shillings being in full for the
Register Duty on Christenings and Burials to the
2<^ of October 1788 W. Pennington.*
Sarah d. of Joseph Shaw, gardener. High-
gate, aged 4 . . . . . . . . Dec. 7
End of 1st volume.
Nov.
Mar.
Apr.
14
8
24
May
2
May
7
Jul.
Aug.
6
14
Aug.
14
Aug.
23
jThe 2nd volume begins :
A Register belonging to the Congregation of
Protestant-Dissenters in Kendal.
1789.
1789 Mary Fothergill d. of WiUiam Fothergill,
Cardmaker, Stricklandgate, aged 25 . . Apr. 3
James s. of James Forth, a soldier, Kirkland,
aged 6 months . . . . . . . . Jul, 2
Daniel Murray, Kirkland, Weaver, aged 76 Aug. 8
1790 Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Holme, mercer,
Finkle St., aged 43 . . . . . . Jun. 15
Elizabeth, wife of John Maclintach, stocking
weaver, Stramongate, aged 71 . . . . Sep. 15
* Similar entries occur later.
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS. 483
1 790 Mary d. of William Paton, Weaver, Highgate,
aged 6 . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 3
Jane, wife of William Barnes, Highgate,
aged 83 . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 21
George s. of William and Martha Milligan,
Stramongate, aged 11 . . . . . . Dec. 3
William Stot, Highgate, Ropemaker, aged
50 . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 27
1 791 Jane d. of Robert Petrie, gardener, and
Mary his wife, Finckle St., aged i y.
and 9m... . . . . . . . . Feb. i
Margaret d. of John Armstrong, dyer, and
Elizabeth his wife, Highgate, aged 8
months . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 21
George Lockhart, Linen draper, Strickland-
gate, aged 56 . . . . . . . . Mar. 18
Robert Anderson, gardener, lately employed
at Dockwray Hall Mills, Stricklandgate,
aged 60 . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 29
John s. of Robert Petrie, gardener, and
Mary his wife, Finckle St., aged 6 . . Jul. 3
An infant, s. of John Jackson, weaver, and
Mary his wife, Highgate, aged 8 days. . Sep. 22
Isabel Thomborrow, servant to Edward
Holme, grocer. Market Place, aged 59.. Dec. 13
1792 Allan s. of Allan Myers, Woolcomber,
Far Cross Bank, and Ann his wife, aged i Apr. 16
Mary d. of Charles Johnson, weaver, and
Agnes his wife, Stricklandgate, aged i . . May 7
1792 William Barnes, Highgate, aged 87 . . May 14
John Jackson, weaver, Highgate, aged 23 Jul. 15
Jane d. of Jane Smith, Highgate, aged 2. . Aug. 21
Jane d. of Matthew Rodick, Mercer, and
Elizabeth his wife, aged 11 months .. Oct. 11
1 793 William s. of William Milligan and Martha his
wife, Mantua maker, Kent Side, aged 11 Feb. 13
Allan Myers, Woolcomber, Far Cross Bank,
formerly a soldier, aged 40 . . . . Jun. 30
Martha Milligan, mantua maker, wife of
William Milligan, Kentside, aged 41 . . Jul. 12
Mary Anderson, Widow, Hospital, aged 48 Oct. 24
Matthew Rodick, Linen draper, Strickland-
gate, aged 51 .. .. .. .. Nov. 11
484 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1794 William Fothergill, Cardmaker, Strickland-
gate, aged 74 Jan. 15
Thomas s. of William Ross, Cooper at the
Brewery, aged i year and 3 months.
Small-pox . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 20
Elizabeth, wife of David Stott, Gardener,
Highgate, aged 84 . . . . . . Jan. 26
Elizabeth d. of Hamilton Edwards, Weaver,
and Elizabeth his wife. Market Place,
aged I . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 15
William s. of John Musgrave, Tanner, and
Ann his wife, Wildman St., aged 2,
Small-pox . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 3
Laetitia Birkett, widow of Jonathan Birkett,
Tanner, Stramongate, aged 86 . . Jun. 30
Elinor Thornbeck, Finckle St., aged 85 . . Dec. 21
1795 Thomas Rodick, Linen draper. Market
Place, aged 61 . . . . . . . . Feb. 12
John s. of John Armstrong and Mary his
wife, Burneside, aged 7 months . . Apr. 27
Margaret Gawthrop, Finckle St., aged 51. . Jul. 28
David Shaw, corporal in the nth Regiment
of Light Horse, aged 24 . . . . Aug. 2
Mary d. of Thomas Thompson, Woolcomber,
and Mary his wife, Stramondgate, aged
6 months . . . . . . . . . . Nov. 3
John s. of the late John Jackson, Weaver,
and Mary his wife, Highgate, aged 3
years . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 11
1796 Rev''. Caleb Rotheram, who had been
40 years Minister at the Meeting . . Feb. 5
John Anderson . . . . . . . . May 2
James Watson sen'' . . . . . . . . Aug. i
Elizabeth Cookson wife of James Cookson,
dyer . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 30
1797 Hannah d. of James Lickbarrow, aged 9
years . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 15
Mrs. Brockbank, aged 88 years . . . . May 4
[No burials in 1798 recorded.]
1799 Elizabeth, wife of James Braithwaite and
d. of James Cookson, aged 29 years . . Feb. 28
Andrew Henderson, aged 74 . . . . Apr. 14
Richard Cookson, s. of James Cookson . . Sep. 16
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS.
4«5
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1813
Mrs. Cockerill
Ann Henderson, widow of Andrew Hender-
son, aged 66 yrs. . .
Isaac Steele, sen''
Edward s. of Mrs. Rotheram
Thomas Holme
William Strickland . .
Mrs. Ann Gawthrop, aged 91 yrs.
Mrs. Lowman, aged 85 yrs.
Mrs. Relph, aged 56 yrs. . .
James Wightman, aged 45 yrs.
Mrs. Mawson, aged 54 yrs. . .
James Lickbarrow, aged 54
Miss Ann Gawthrop
James Cookson, aged 65
Matthew Whitaker jun"", aged 19 yrs.
David Stott, aged 91 yrs. . .
Mrs. Rodick, widow of Thomas Rodick
James Watson, Shoemaker
James Creighton
Robert s. of the Rev. John Harrison, aged 21
years
John Greaves
Ellen Allen d. of Agnes Thompson
Newton Douglas, infant son of William and
Mary Wightman . .
Margaret Henderson d. of Andrew Henderson
Ellen Harrison, widow of Edw^ Harrison
of Warrington and mother of Rev. John
John Harrison, aged 76
Rebecca Barrow
John Claxton, surgeon
Burials — J. Harrison min'.
John Harrison, tailor, aged 50
Robert s. of John Harrison, tailor, aged
about 6 months . .
Thomas Relph, Saddler, aged 70, d. Apr. 30
Thomas Irving, aged 75, d. Oct. 21
Catherine Hodgon, wife of Alderman
Hodgson (and daughter of Isaac Steele),
aged 38, d. Nov. 10
1814 James Willan, aged 38, d. Mar. i
Jan. 9
Mar. 15
Dec. 23
Aug. 6
Sep. 6
Apr. 14
Apr. 20
Sep. 23
Nov. 15
Jan. 8
Jan. 14
Jun. 13
Nov. 10
Feb. 23
May 13
Jun. 10
Sep. I
Apr. 3
Jan. 19
Apr. 7
Mar. 21
Jul. 24
Feb. I
Mar. 15
Jul. 29
Apr. 24
Jun. 3
Jan. 18
Jan. 24
May 5
Oct. 22
Nov. 15
Mar. 3
486 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1 814 Isabella, wife of William Wade, aged 71,
d. Mar. 25
1815 Alice Corbett, wife of James Corbett, d.
May 18
William, infant son of James Corbett
Matthew Whitaker, d. Jul. 17, aged 75 . .
John Shuttle worth, d. Sep. 11, aged 84
1816 Agnes Thompson, d. Jun. 25, aged 89 . .
The infant of Christopher Workman, aged
I year
Rebecca Watson, aged 69 . .
Isabella Patten, aged 57
Mary, wife of William Wightman, aged 37
181 7 William Wade, aged 80
Eleanor, infant d. of Joseph Whitaker . .
Samuel Thompson, aged 67
James Willan, aged 11
181 8 Benjamin Allen, aged 47 . .
Elizabeth d. of Robt. Brooks, unfortunately
drowned, aged 2 years
1819 Samuel Gawthrop, aged 70
1820 Ann Watson, aged 35
Mary Steele, aged 41 yrs. . .
Mary d. of Robert Petrie, aged 28 yrs. . .
The infant son of Mr. Richard Lough . .
1 82 1 A child of Robt Atkin's
The wife of Thomas Thompson, aged 64 . .
The wife of Robert Atkins, aged 46
Jane d. of Robt Gudgeon, aged 18 months Apr. 13
Mrs. Mary Harrison, aged 94, d. Apr. 15. . Apr. 20
An infant son of William Jennings . . May 8
182 1 Agnes, widow of John Harrison, Tailor,
aged 49 yrs. .. .. .. .. Jun. 17
Anthony Fothergill, d. Jul. 5, aged 6g yrs. Jul. 9
Alice, infant d. of Edward and Agnes
Harrison . . . . . . . . . . Sep. 14
1822 A daughter of William Cockroft, aged about
6 years . . . . . . . . . .
The wife of Mr. Robert Rigge
The wife of James Stott, aged 74
Sarah Gawthrop, d. Jun. 7, aged 76 yrs.
Ann, wife of John Stockdale, aged 61
William s. of John Garside, aged 6 yrs.
Mar.
28
May
21
Jun.
18
Jul.
20
Sep.
13
Jun.
28
Jul.
3
Aug.
22
Aug.
23
Nov.
3
Apr.
21
May
4
Aug.
3
Aug.
12
Jun.
I
Jun.
5
Feb.
5
Jan.
31
Feb.
17
Oct.
8
Oct.
17
Jan.
12
Feb.
26
Mar.
2
Jan.
6
Jan.
18
Apr.
II
Jun.
II
Jun.
24
Jul.
23
MARKET PLACE CHAPEL REGISTERS.
487
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1829
1830
1831
Agnes Thompson, aged 66 yrs.
Mrs. Rodick, d. Mar. 28, aged 66 yrs. . .
William Docker, aged 9 yrs.
Robert Brooks, aged 36, d. Aug. 15
Hannah, wife of John Thomson Esq., d.
Sep. 6, aged 70 years . .
Mary, widow of Isaac Steele, d. Sep. 13 . .
John Allison, aged 22
Christopher Workman, d. Mar. 14, aged 40.
His was the first body laid in the new
ground
George Cowan, aged 70
Robert Petrie, aged 76
John Corbett, d. Apr. 15, aged 21 yrs.
Mary Cooper, aged 45
Hannah, wife of William Wightman, aged 37
Mrs. Ramsay, aged 85
Elizabeth, wife of James Glover (Clerk),
aged 68 . .
Mrs. Birket, aged 93
Thomas Thompson, aged 69
James, infant son of Thos. and Ann Glover
Richard Holme, aged 76 years
Robert Atkins, aged 54 yrs.
Thomas Glover, aged 30 yrs.
Margaret Busher, aged 91
Miss Birkett, aged 63
Miss Rebecca Gawthrop, d. Feb. 4, aged
73 yrs
Jane Brown, aged 89
Edward Docker, aged 57
Edward Harrison, aged 41
Mrs. Fothergill, aged 57
George Kirkby, aged 53
Margaret Whitaker, aged 43
Mary Stubbs, aged 68
James Busher, aged 83. He was killed by
falling down Scouts Scar
Mary Holme, aged 61
Elizabeth Corbett, aged 20.
Hannah Thomson, aged 45
James Stockdale, aged 36 .
Richard Lough, aged 40
Feb. 2
Apr. 4
Apr. II
Aug. 17
Sep. 9'
Sep. 16
Oct. 22
Mar. 16
Apr. II
Jan. iS
Apr. 20'
Mar. 12
Jun. 30
Aug. 15
6
26
Sep
Sep
Nov. 30
Jan. 15
[no date] Jan.
Jun. 26
Dec. 2
Jan. 27
Jan. 31
Feb. II
Feb. 24
May 8
Aug. 16
Sep. 20
Sep. 21
May 31
Feb. 25
Jul. 25
Sep. I
Nov. 29
Jan. 4
Feb. 2
Feb. 6
488
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1831 Mrs. Strickland .aged 89 . .
Margaret, wife of Richard Smith, aged 48
years
Agnes d. of the Rev. John Harrison, aged 46
John Thomson Esq., aged 75
Catherine Allison, aged 63 . .
John Thompson, aged 68 . .
1832 Margaret Bellingham, aged 72
Mary Jane d. of Thomas Webster, aged 5
years
Alice, wife of the Rev. John Harrison, aged
77 yrs
James s. of Robert Davies, aged 5 yrs.
William s. of Robert Davies, aged 2| yrs. . .
Jane Cloudsdale, d. of Wm. Patten, aged 45
James Glover, the Clerk of the Meeting,
aged 72
James Stott, aged 79
Peter Halliday, aged 67
Jonathan Atkinson, aged 25
1833 William Jennings, aged 51
Maria d. of Thomas Webster, aged 2 years
John Bateman, aged 19. He was the s. of
Robt Bateman, weaver. Union Buildings
Revd. John Harrison, Minister of the Uni-
tarian Chapel in Kendal, died on the
6th of May 1833, aged 72, and was
buried in the Chapel ground by Geo.
Lee
1833 Ann d. of Robert Davis, aged I yr. Interred
by Geo. Lee
Jane Busher, aged 77
William Wightman, aged 59
1834 Margaret Thompson, aged 84 ; d. at the
Workhouse, and was interred . .
[No entries 1835-54.]
1855 Jane Sirr, buried Apr. 15, 1855. E.H.*
Feb. 17
Apr.
10
May
25
Jul.
25
Aug.
22
Sep.
4
Jan.
I
Mar. 8
Aug.
4
Aug.
6
Aug.
14
Aug.
21
Sep.
5
Sep.
16
Sep.
19
Nov.
2
Jan.
3
Jan.
27
May 7
May 10
May 10
May 24
Sep. 27
Dec. 14
* This entry occurs in the transcript only.
unitarian baptists registers. 489
Kendal Unitarian Baptists.
Register of Births.
Although copied into the same volume as the trans-
cript of the registers of the Market Place congregation,
this is a distinct record belonging to the congregation of
Unitarian Baptists, which eventually joined the Market
Place congregation but retained its objection to infant
baptism. The original register does not appear to be at
Somerset House.
The entries are all, more or less, in the form of the
first entry. The subsequent ones have been abbreviated,
but all the essential facts are preserved. Each entry,
from 1801 to 1816, is signed by " James Kay, Protestant
Dissenting Minister," from 1818 to 1830 by John
Harrison, and from 1833 to 1836 by Edward Hawkes.
1801 These are to certify that Hannah d. of John
Greenhow and of Ann his wife, was born
in Stainton in the parish of Heversham
in the County of Westmoreland the 1 7th
day of February, in the year one thousand
eight hundred and one. Registered by
me, James Kay, Protestant dissenting
minister.
John s. of William Chambers and Mary his
his wife, b. in Leith, North Britain . . Aug. 4
1803 Dorothy d. of John Greenhow and Ann his
wife, b. in Stainton, par. of Heversham Jan. 27
Samuel s. of James Kay and Hannah his
wife, b. in New Street, Kendal . . . . May 5
1804 Rachel d. of Richard Jackson and Agnes his
wife, b. Highgate, Kendal . . . . Sep. 5
James s. of James Kay and Hannah his
wife, b. New Street, Kendal . . . . Sep. 20
1805 Mary d. of Richard Smith and Margaret his
wife, b. Kirkland, in the par. of Kendal Jan. 3
490 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1805 George Alexander s. of William Chambers
and Mary his wife, b. in Wigton, Cumber-
land . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 27
John s. of Richard Jackson and Agnes his
wife, Highgate, Kendal, b. . . . . Jun. 4
Eliza d. of John Greenhow and Ann his wife,
b. in Stainton, par. of Heversham . . Aug. 25
1806 John Ibbetson s. of James Kay and Hannah
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Feb. 9
Thomas s. of Joseph Brockbank and
Margaret his wife, b. Highgate. . . . Sep. 7
1807 Sarah d. of Richard Smith and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Jan. 5
John s. of John Richardson and Hannah his
wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . . . Jan. 27
George Relph s. of John Greenhow and Ann
his wife, b. at High House, Stainton . . Aug. 7
1807 Elizabeth d. of James Kay and Hannah his
wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Sep. 24
1808 John s. of Robert Atkin and Mary his wife,
b. Kirkland . . . . . . . . Feb. 6
Margaret d. of James Braithwaite and
Isabella his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . May 1 7
Hines s. of Richard Jackson and Agnes his
wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Oct. 20
Ann d. of James Jennings and Betsy his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . . . Nov. 9
Robert s. of James Kay and Hannah his
wife, b. Kirkland
1809 Elizabeth d. of Joseph Brockbank and
Margaret his wife, b. Highgate..
Mary d. of John Poole and Ellen his wife,
b. Tatham, Lancashire . .
James s. of Richard Smith and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland
Christiana d. of John Beattie and Christiana
his wife, b. Orton, in par. of Orton . . Mar. 8
Agnes d. of Thomas Trotter and Dorothy
his wife, b. Highgate . . . . . . Oct. i
Jane d. of John Greenhow and Ann his wife,
b. Kirkland . . . . . . . . Dec. 23
1 810 Jane d. of James Braithwaite and Isabella
his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . Jan. 9
Nov.
20
Jan.
3
Jan.
5
Jan.
15
UNITARIAN BAPTISTS REGISTERS. 49I
1 8 10 Mary d. of Jame [sic] Kay and Hannah his
wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . May 9
John s. of Joseph Bainbridge and Margaret
. . his wife, b. Captain French Lane, Kendal Jun. 2
Wilham s. of Jacob Scott and Ann his wife,
b. in Co. Armagh . . . . Aug. 5
Robert s. of Robert Atkin and Mary his wife,
b. Kendal . . . . . . . . . . Sep. 15
John s. of John Beattie and Christiana his
wife, b. Orton . . . . . . . . Oct. 2S
Joseph s. of John Richardson and Hannah
his wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . Dec. 22
181 1 Agnes d. of Richard Smith and Marg. his
wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . . . Jan. 24
Margaret d. of John Poole and Ellen his
wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . . . Feb. 22
181 1 William s. of William Johnson and Betty
his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . Mar. 15
Joseph s. of Joseph Radclifie and Ellen his
wife, b. Fellside, par. of Kendal . . Apr. 26
James Cookson s. of Joseph Bainbridge and
Margaret his wife, b. Kirkland . . Aug. 19
Jane d. of Thomas Trotter and Dorothy his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . . . Aug. 21
Eleanor d. of James Braithwaite and
Isabella his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . Oct. 26
Martha d. of William Jennings and Hannah
his wife, b. Highgate . . . . . . Nov. 14
Margaret d. of Joseph Brockbank and
Margaret his wife, b. Highgate. . . . Nov. 26
1812 Charles Hill s. of James Kay and Hannah his
wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . . . Jan. 5
George s. of James Jennings and Elizabeth
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Feb. 6
Harfield s. of William Chambers and Mary
his wife, b. Wigton, Cumberland . . Feb. 25
Cuthbert Relph s. of John Greenhow and
Ann his wife, b. Highgate . . . . Oct. 17
William s. of John Beattie and Christiana
his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . Dec. 8
492 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1813 Margaret d. of Richard Smith and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Feb. 12
Mary d. of Robert Atkin and Mary his wife,
b. Kendal . . Apl. 6
Hannah d. of John Richardson and Hannah
his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . Apr. 18
Mary d. of James Braithwaite and Isabella
his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . Jul. 25
Agnes d. of John Poole and Ellen his wife, b.
Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Aug. 5
Sarah d. of John Greenhow and Ann his wife,
b. Highgate . . . . . . . . Nov. 19
1814 Isabella d. of Joseph Brockbank and
Margaret his wife, b. Highgate.. .. Mar. 16
Jane d. of Joseph Bainbridge and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Jun. 18
Frederick s. of James Kay and Hannah his
wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . . . Jul. 2
Rachel d. of John Radcliffe and Ellen his
wife, b. Fellside, Kendal . . . . Sep. 29
Elizabeth d. of James Braithwaite and
Isabella his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . Nov. 24
1 815 George s. of Richard Smith and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Mar. 3
Rachel d. of John Richardson and Hannah
his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . Jun. 7
Alfred s. of James Kay and Hannah his wife,
b. Stricklandgate . . . . . . . . Aug. 31
James s. of James Jennings and Elizabeth
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Sep. 28
1 81 6 Thomas s. of John Poole and Ellen his wife,
b. Stricklandgate . . . . . . Jun. 13
Ellen d. of Richard Smith and Margaret his
wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Apr. 8
Sarah d. of James Braithwaite and Isabella
his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . Sep. 9
1818 Elizabeth d. of Richard Smith and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland, John Harrison,
Min' May 3
Ann d. of James Braithwaite and Isabella
his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . . . Dec. 2
Registered by me John Harrison Protes-
tant dissenting Minister.
UNITARIAN BAPTISTS REGISTERS. 493
1819 Thomas s. of John Poole and Ellen his wife,
b. Strickland Place . . . . . . Jun. 13
182 1 Thomas Shaw s. of James Braithwaite and
Isabella his wife, b. Stricklandgate . . Nov. 10
1823 William s. of John Poole and Ellen his wife,
b. Strickland Place . . . . . . Jul. 5
1819 William s. of Richard Smith and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Dec. 25
1 82 1 George s. of Richard Smith and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . Nov. 23
1824 David s. of Richard Smith and Margaret his
wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . May 9
1826 Margaret d. of Richard Smith and Margaret
his wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . May 13
Henry s. of John Poole and Ellen his wife,
b. Kendal . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 9
1822 Mary Ann d. of William Jolly and Barbara
his wife, b. Preston, co Lancas^r . . Jul. 25
1823 Dorcas d. of William Jolly and Barbara his
wife, b. Preston, co. Lancaster. . . . Sep. 13
1828 Sarah d. of William Jolly and Barbara his
wife, b. Kirkland . . . . . . May 6
1830 Eliza d. of William Jolly and Barbara his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . . . Feb. 15
1833 William s. of Henry Martin and Susan his
wife, b. Kendal. Registered by Edward
Hawkes Protestant Dissenting Minister Sep. 23
1834 William s. of William Jolly and Barbara his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . . . Jan. 9
Mary Ann d. of John Raixtrow and Elizabeth
his wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . Feb. 11
James s. of William Witts and Jane his wife,
b. Kendal . . . . . . . . . . Sep. 3
1828 Agnes d. of William Willan and Sarah his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . . . Jul. 22
1832 Margaret d. of Anthony Hudson and Agnes
his wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . Apr. 12
1833 William s. of Henry Martin and Susan his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . . . Sep. 12
1834 Jane d. of Anthony Hudson and Agnes his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . . . Mar. 13
1836 Henry Kirby s. of Henry Martin and Susan
his wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . Jan. 6
494 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1836 John s. of John Raixtrow and Elizabeth his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . , . . Aug. 19
Jane d. of William Jolly and Barbara his
wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . . . Oct. 30
1835 Mary Ann d. of Anthony Hudson and Agnes
his wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . Oct. 24
1836 Margaret d. of William Willan and Sarah
his wife, b. Kendal . . . . . . Apr. 3
1837 Louisa d. of Edward Hawkes and Jane his
wife, b. Kendal. Registered by me
James Hawkes, Protestant Dissenting
Minister . . . . . . . . Jun. 7
1838 Christopher Davison s. of Adam Taylor and
Mary his wife, b. Kendal. Registered by
Edward Hawkes . . . . . . . . Mar. i
1839 John Edward, s. of Edward Hawkes and
Jane his wife, b. Kendal. Registered by
James Hawkes . . . , . , . . Mar. 4
495
XXXV.
Monumental Inscriptions.
THE majority of the inscriptions now to be found in
the Chapel-yard are printed in the notices of the
Ministers and Trustees whom they record. The remainder
of them are printed below with a record of their present
positions in the yard, which position is probably not in
all cases that in which the stones were placed originally.
Sacred | to the Memory of | Agnes, the beloved wife of | John
Cowperthwaite | who departed this hfe | February 22nd 1852, |
aged 44 years. | Also of Ann Cowperthwaite | youngest daughter
of the above | who departed this life | August 19th 1853, aged
15 years. | Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord. | This
rstone is placed here | by her affectionate son | W" George
Cowperthwaite. |
{Flat stone in the yard behind the Chapel.)
Here lieth the body | of William Dawner | late of Kendall |
Who departed this | life the of July | Anno Dom 1729 | .
Etat suae 63.
{Altar tomb in the yard behind the Chapel. The inscription is very
indistinct.)
Near this place are buried, | Andrew Henderson, | who died
April II, 1799, aged 74, | and | Ann his wife, | who died March
12, 1800 aged 66. | Ann and Margret | their only Daughters,
caused this | Monument to be erected. | Also the above Margaret,
who died the | nth day of March 181 1, aged 37 Years. |
[Tablet against the wall of the Chapel.)
The Carlisle Journal of 20th April, 1799, thus records
Henderson's death : " Died a few days ago, at Kendal,
Mr. Andrew Henderson many years keeper of the
common garden at Stricklandgate-end, much respected."
496 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Blessed | are they | who mourn | for | they | shall be | com-
forted. I Blessed | are the | merciful : | for | they shall | obtain |
mercy. | In Memory of | Sarah Garside, | Who Died January 3rd
1852, I aged 60 years. | She was a faithful wife, | and an affec-
tionate mother. | This stone was cut and erected | by her surviving
husband, W. C. Garside, engraver. |
{Tablet against wall of Chapel.)
To I the Memory of | George Lockhart. | Who Died the 15th
of March 1791 | Aged 56 years. (
{Headstone against the School wall.)
Near this place are buried | John Patrick of Barnard Castle |
who died May 10. 1763. aged 51 years. | Margaret the daughter
of 1 James and Mary Patrick | who died Nov. 22. 1767. in her
infancy. | James Patrick of Kendal | who died March 2. 1787,
aged 71 years. |
{Headstone against wall of Chapel.)
James Patrick, linen draper, was the prototype of the
" Wanderer " in Wordsworth's " Excursion." Jas.
Patrick's widow died at Penrith, 13th December, 1810.
Matthew Rodick, | MDCCXCIII. | Elizabeth Rodick, |
MDCCCXXIII. I Jane Rodick. | MDCCXCII. |
{Flat stone in the yard behind the Chapel.)
Mary Rodick | eldest daughter of | Matthew and Elizabeth
Rodick I MDCCCLIV. |
{Flat stone in the yard behind the Chapel.)
Two or three generations of the Rodicks were con-
nected with the Chapel. Matthew Rodick was a linen
draper and merchant in Stricklandgate. His will was
proved by his executors, William Pennington, Robert
Gawthrop and James Waith, 30th November, 1793, the
estate being sworn under £5000. His daughters, Margaret,
Elizabeth and Agnes, were buried in Castle Street
Cemetery. They were generous supporters of the Chapel
during their long life-times, and were active in all public
THE GRAVESTONE OE "THE WANDERER."
FACE p. 496.
MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. 497
charitable movements. Thomas Rodick, J. P., of Liver-
pool, son of Thomas Rodick, linen-draper, was baptized
at the Chapel in 1774, and contributed to various funds
raised in connection with it.
Near this place are buried | Josiah Shaw who died DeC^ 2: 1765
I aged 51 I and also | James Shaw his Brother | who died March
24 1773 i aged 52 I The widow of James Shaw | ordered this
inscription | as a testimony of her regard | for their memory. |
{Headstone against the wall of the Chapel.)
Josiah Shaw was a London hosier and was a benefactor
of the Chapel. He was the son of Josiah Shaw who
contributed to the original fund for building the Chapel.
To the memory | of Mr David Smith | late of Hereford Merchant
I who departed this Life | in the 30th year of his Age | August
the 12"' 1743 I This Monument is erected by his Affectionate
Widow I Elizabeth Smith | I am a Stranger with Thee | and a
Sojourner | as all my Fathers were |
{Headstone against the wall of the yard behind the Chapel.)
In memory of | William Stott | who died Decmber 24, 1790.
aged 40. I Elisabeth the wife of David Stott | who died January
23. 1794. aged 84. I And of | David Stott who died June 7
1807 I aged 91. I Sarah the wife of James Stott died | April 8.
1822. aged 73. I
{Headstone against the School wall.)
WiHiam Stott was baptized nth February, 1739-40,
so that the age given on the stone is incorrect. He was
the son of David Stott who survived him 17 years.
Near this place | is buried | Anthony Strickland of Kendal |
who died Ocf 30'^ 1765 aged 69. | In testimony of the respect
I due to his memory | his affectionate widow | hath caused this
monument to be erected. | The righteous hath hope in his death.
I Here also is buried | Agnes the widow of Anthony Strickland |
who died May 2. 1779. aged 73 | respected and lamented.
{Tablet against the School wall.)
2 K
498 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
The Newcastle Chronicle thus records his death : " On
Wednesday se'nnight died at Kendal in the 70th year of
his age, Mr. Anthony Strickland, who by a long and
irreproachable course of temperance and industry, the
most endearing and tender affections and a steady con-
scientious observance of the religious, moral and social
duties, lived happy in himself, beloved by his friends,
and universally respected."
Near this place | are deposited the remains of | James Wight-
man, I who died tlie fourth day of January | A.D. Eighteen
Hundred and Five | aged XLV years |
{Tablet against the wall of the Chapel.)
499
XXXVI.
Lists of Subscribers and Seat-Holders, 1720 ;
Chapel Wardens, 1789-1815 ; and Clerks.
THE " Accompts relating to the Meeting House,"
entered by Dr. Rotheram in the oldest minute book
are interesting not only from the local point of view, but
as showing how the money for a Dissenting Chapel was
obtained nearly 200 years ago.
[P-5]
A copy of the subscriptions for purchasing ground and building
a Meeting House in Kendal.
i s. d.
Mr. John Harrison . . . . . . . . .. 20 00 00
Mr. John Moore . .
Mr. Stephen Williamson
Mr. William CoUinson
Mr. Edward Blackstock
Mr. Daniel Scales
Mr. Will'" Shepherd
George Lawson
Thomas Gibson . .
Thomas Wilson . .
Thomas Strickland
Richard Robinson
Josiah Shaw
John Carter
John Thornbeck . .
John Willison
Wilham MacMath *
William Audland
Obadiah Thornbeck
20
0
0
20
0
0
12
0
0
10
0
0
10
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
3
0
0
I
10
0
2
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
I
0
0
0
10
0
125 II
* So spelled in the original, but it may be intended for William Mackreth,
who was Mayor in 1737-8.
500
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
[P- 7]
Mrs. Rebecca Harrison
Mrs. Hutton
Mrs. Watson
Henry Gibson
Matthew Birkett
James Greenhow
Robert Greenhow
Rebecca Wilson . .
Thomas Hayton . .
Mary Dodgson
Ehzabeth Hodgson
Margaret Wilson . .
Martha Saul
Agnes Garnet
George Brocklebank
George Birket Sen"^^
The Pulpit and Sounding
of C. Rotheram Minister there
[p. 9]
No.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
lO
II
12
13
14
15-
i6.
An Account of the Seats.
Owners
For the Accomodation of Strangers
Mr. Blackstock
Henry Gibson
Mr. Shepherd
Thomas Gibson
Mary Dodgson
Mrs. King . .
Daniel Scales
Mr. John Moore
Mr. Jn° Harrison
Mr. Rotheram
Matthew Birket and Steph" Nelson
Rob', James & Jn° Greenhow . .
George Birket
£5
o
o
3
oo
o
2
2
o
2
2
o
2
2
o
2
o
o
3
o
o
2
2
o
I
I
o
2
2
o
O
lO
o
I
I
o
O
2
6
O
JO
o
o
lO
o
o
10
o
Board made at the Expense
13 12 o
41
6
6
125
II
0
166
17
6
Prices
£
s.
d.
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
4
10
0
3
10
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
10
0
0
0
0
3
10
0
3
0
0
2
10
0
2 10 o
200
ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS AND SEAT-HOLDERS.
501
17-
18.
;^2
19. John Carter one half at ;^i. 5. . .
The other half allowed to Mary Herbert
and daughters,
[p. 11] Ace' of Seats continued.
25-
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Rob' Nicholson, Tho Hayton and Will™ Audland
Thomas Harrison . .
Josiah Shaw
Edd Holme now Rich<^ Holme
Mr. W'l^ Collinson
since his decease sold by the Trustees to Mr
Edward Holme for £S. 17. 6.
Stephen Williamson
of whorQ the Trustees for the Sake of peace
agreed to take £2.. 10.
Margt and Rob' Wilson
John Thornbeck
Thomas Wilson
Thomas Strickland . .
John Atkinson one half
S. Williamson
o o
o o
53 10
53
10
d 3
10
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
0
5 10 o
4
0
0
3
10
0
4
0
0
2
15
0
2
10
0
2
5
0
2
5
0
2
5
0
97
10
0
3
0
0
94 10 o
The " Account of seats " on pages 9 and 11 of the
minute book is the original 1720 hst with later additions.
No. 30 was written in 1730. Appended to the list are a
number of notes containing the later history of many
of the pews. These notes are summarized below : —
No. 2. Sold by Mr. Blackstock's Trustees to Mr. Sam. Gowthrop
for £^. Jun. 8 1747.
Given by Robt. Gowthrop, Commercial Inn, Kendal, to
Rev. Edward Hawkes. Aug. 16. 1844 (Together with
7 and 29).
502 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
No. 4. Sold by John Lister to Mr. Sam' Gowthrop for £t,. 3s.
Nov. 10 1769.
No. 7. Sold by Henry King to James Stott for ;^o. 10. 6 Nov. 7
1778.
Given by Robt. Gowthrop to Rev. Edward Hawkes.
Aug. 16. 1844 (Together with 2 and 29).
No. 12. " N.B. Half the Seat No. 12 was allow'd to Matthew
Birket as Clark and Stephen Nelson bought the other
Half z.t £x. 15. The half allowed to Birket was sold
to Mr. John Atkinson of Kirkland for £1. 15 on 19 Sep.
1735. Sold by Jn° Atkinson and T. Nelson to Tho^
Rodick for £^. 10. o on 11 Sep. 1772. Sold by Mr.
Badenoch trustee under the will of Thos. Rodick to
Mr. Robert Rigge for £1. is on Jan. i 1808.
No. 19. One half sold by Elizabeth Garnet to Mr. John Harrison
Silk man for £1. 5. o [no date]. Mr. Harrison sold
his half to Agnes Dawney for ;^i. 5. o on May 23 1730.
No. 23. Sold by Mr. Richard Holme to Mr. Archibald Lyle for
£■2. I OS on Aug. 28 1756. Sold by Mr. Archibald Lyle
to Mr. James Patrick for £1.1. Aug. 1762. Sold by
M. Patrick widow of J as. Patrick to Mr. Waith for
£-2. 2. on 19 Feb. 1798.
No. 27. Sold by Mrs. Noble of Lancaster executor of Mrs. Ellin
Thornbeck to Mrs. Rotheram and her sons. July
1796.
No. 28. Sold by Thomas Williamson \_sic] to George Birkett for
£-2. 2. o on Feb. 16 1765. Sold by G. Birkett to Thomas
Webster for £z. o. o on July 20 1840. Given by Thos.
Webster to Mr. John Barnicle " during the time he is
a member of the Protestant Dissenting Chapel in the
Market Place Kendal. ... I afterwards give the
said pew to the Chapel Wardens for the time being for
the use of the Chapel generally." Apr. 28. 1866.
No. 30. The half next the wall was sold to John Atkinson of
Windy Hill for ;^i. 5. on 3 May 1730. He bought the
other half at the same price on i June 1731. Sold by
John Atkinson to W. Fothergill for £2. 2. on 28 Aug.
1756.
[p. 12] " In consequence of the Pulpit being removed to the centre
of the North East wall of the Meeting Miss Steele's
seat No. 6 was done away, its site being occupied by
the Pulpit. Miss Steele's agreed to take the seat No.
5 heretofore belonging to Mr. Thomas Cookson and
ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS AND SEAT-HOLDERS.
503
[P- 13]
Mr. T. Cookson agreed to take No. 4 belonging to Mr.
Samuel Gowthrop, who surrendered his right in it
to him in consideration of No. 7, a new seat gained by
the alteration, on the other side of the pulpit, being
assigned to him in lieu of what he gave up." *
[In Dr. Rotheram's handwriting.]
A copy of the Subscriptions for a Cushion for the pulpit.
£ s. d.
Mrs. Margaret Washington
Mrs. Ann Dodgson
Mrs. Margaret Moore .
Mrs. Lydia Moore
Mrs. Margaret Holme .
Mrs. Deborah Holme .
Mrs. Mally Harrison .
Mrs. Isabella Blackstock
Betty Williamson
Betty Gibson
Eleanor Thombeck
Hannah Shepherd
Mary Shaw
[p. 15] An Account of the Assistance we received
Brethren abroad.
Gainsborough
Nottingham
Mr. Beck
John Scot
Mr. Brown Merch' in Lond:
Mr. Reynolds
Mr. Brown Mini-
Mr. Wright
Mr. Gravener
Mr. Evans
Mr. Harris
Mr. Earle
Dr. Avary
Mr. Wilson in Pay Of&ce
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
2
6
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
2
6
0
2
6
0
5
0
0
2
6
2
15
0
from our
i
s.
d.
4
17
6
14
12
6
I
I
0
0
2
6
I
I
0
4
0
0
3
3
0
5
0
0
3
3
0
3
3
0
I
I
0
I
I
0
2
2
0
I
I
0
* This memorandum seems to date from the early years of the nineteenth
century.
504
THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Mr. Tatnal
Mr. Bovel
Dr. Rigby
Dr. Gibson
Russondale
Carlisle . .
[p. 17] The Account continued
Crook and Hartbarrow
Horsley . .
Garsdale . .
Wolverhampton
Norwich . .
Penruddock
Brampton
Lancaster
Great Salkeld
Huddlescough
Leeds by Mr. Pendlebury
Mr. Rawlandson a Scotchman
Mr. Eaton
Swaledale
Stainton . .
Atherton alias Chowbent
Tunley
Wharton Hall Lancashire
Bolton
Leeds by Mr. Moult . .
Whitehaven whereof 8 pounds
Mr. Tho. Lutwidge
iven by
[p. 19] The Account of Assistance continued
Keswick . .
Penreth . .
Bury in Lancashire
Mr. Slater of London Merc"^ . .
Scotland from Drumfries
Mr. Stobo
Mr. Robert Brown
I 5
I I
3 3
I 13
I 9
55
0
8
£
s.
d.
3
18
6
I
3
0
0
14
0
I
5
0
3
0
0
0
17
0
0
17
2
3
6
6
I
I
0
I
6
0
5
0
0
0
10
0
I
1
0
0
7
0
2
17
6
2
2
0
I
12
6
0
13
6
4
7
6
2
2
0
16
14
6
54
15
8
£
s.
d.
I
6
0
I
10
0
0
19
0
I
I
0
16
16
0
I
I
0
0
5
0
22 18 o
54 15 8
ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS AND SEAT-HOLDERS. 505
£55 o 8
Collected at Kendal
Money arising from the Sale of Seats
132 14 4
166 17 6
94 10 o
394
I 10
£
s.
d.
33
5
7
6
0
0
5
0
0
30
0
0
20
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
[p. 21] An Account of the Gifts and Legacies given
to the Protestant Dissenters in Kendall.
Mrs. Mary Robinson . .
Mr. James Atkinson of Kendall
Mary Clark of Kirkland
Mr. John Atkinson of Kirkland
Mrs. Agnes Williamson of Natland
Mrs. Sarah Audland
Mrs. Rebecca Harrison of Stramondgate
Mr. John Harrison having bought the House
in Finkle Street &c of John Butlar and his
Wife for 77 li: He consented that it should
be settled upon Trustees for the Use of the
Congregation: The Gifts above were applied
to that Purchase and what they came short
was made up, by a sale of goods in the shops
and a subscription among the people.
Chapel Wardens, 1789 to 1815.
For many years two Chapel Wardens were elected at
each annual meeting. The meeting was usually held on
Christmas Day. In the following list the dates are those
of the years in which the wardens were in office, each
warden usually serving two years in succession. No
wardens are recorded for 1795 and 1813 : —
Samuel Gawthrop (1789) ; John Thomson (1789-90)
Isaac Steele (1790-91) ; James Cookson (1791-2)
Matthew Whitaker (1792-3) ; John Thomson (1793-4)
Andrew Henderson (1794) ; Thomas Relph (1796)
Thomas Cookson (1796-7) ; Robert Gawthrop (1797-8)
Anthony Fothergill (1798-9) ; William Cookson (1799-
1800) ; Samuel Gawthrop (1800-1) ; James Brathwaite
506 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL,
(10O1-2) ; Isaac Steele (1802-3) ; Thomas Cookson
(1803-4) ; William Mawson (1804-5) ; John Thomson
(1805-6) ; Mr. Relph (1806-7) ; Thomas Cookson (1807-8) ;
Joseph Whitaker (1808-1811) ; Mr. Relph (1809-1811) ;
Mr. Fothergin (1812, 1814-5) ; Edward Harrison (1812) ;
Mr. Relph (1814-5).
Clerks.
The first clerk of the Chapel was Matthew Birket, who
was allowed a free seat when the Chapel was built in
1720.
The minute book records the election, on 13th February,
1791, of Thomas Wharton ; on 24th May, 1801, of James
Dent ; and on 25th December, 1809, of James Glover.
Glover was clerk for many years and died in office. He
was buried in the Chapel yard 5th September, 1832.
507
XXXVII.
Trustees of the Chapel and Market Place
Property, 1719 to 186S.
1. Stephen Williamson of Natland, yeoman (1719).
Retiring trustee in 1737 and then described as of Natland
Milbeck. His wife Dorothy was a kinswoman of Alderman
William Penny, of Lancaster (founder of a charity there) and by
his will dated 2 March 1715 she was to receive his " bigger silver
tankard " (Gastrell's Notitia, ii., 3, Chet. Soc, 22). Several of
their children are recorded in the Chapel register. He was brother
of Jonathan Williamson (Trustee 1737). Administration of his
estate was granted 15 July 1766 to his brother Thomas. He
was of Carnforth at the time of his death.
2. John Harrison, yeoman (171 9).
The Harrison family were associated with the Chapel for several
generations and a brass on the Chapel wall (exterior) commem-
orates this Trustee, his father and his son : —
Near this Place [ are interred the Bodies of |
Myles Harrison of Blaikholme | who (July 7 1730
John Harrison V departed j April 17 1737
Benjamin Harrison his Son ) this life (Feby. 23 1731
/ 93
Aged j 54
I 28
^TTHptTM iv krifxia, eyiipirai ev Ao^rj.
Myles Harrison, the first named on the brass, was the son of
Myles Harrison of Blaikholme and was bap. at Cartmel 15 Apr.
1638. He was a yeoman at Blaikholme. In 1677, when residing
in Cartmel Fell, he and his wife, and Gabriel Camelford, gent,
[an ejected minister] and his wife were " presented " by the Church-
wardens as " seismaticos " {Churchwardens' Presentment books,
Chester). He was described as of Kendal in 1730 when Ms will
was proved by his son John, the trustee. John Harrison, the
trustee, the second named on the brass, was connected with the
Kendal congregation, though so late as 1703 he was described as
508 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of Cartmel FelL Besides the son Benjamin, named on the brass,
who was baptized in 1703, the trustee had two sons John and
Myles (Trustees 1737), a daughter Mary, born and baptized
7 Aug. 1 7 16, and buried at the chapel 21 Aug. 1766. Her will
was proved 3 Oct. 1766 by her brother Myles. Another daughter,
Rebecca, baptized 6 Oct. 1719, married Thomas Dodgson (Trustee
1755). Mary Harrison, who died at the age of 80 and was buried
at the Chapel 5 Sep. 1756, was probably the widow of the
Trustee.
3. Edward Blackstock, yeoman (1719).
Retiring trustee 1737 and then described as a merchant.
One of the founders of the Chapel. He was a Scotsman, a
member of a family living at Blackshaw in Caerlaverock, near
Dumfries. From the same hamlet came his cousin Matthew
Nicholson, of Liverpool, ancestor of one of the present writers.
Blackstock was in Kendal as early as 1709. He was a merchant
engaged in the Kendal trade, an innkeeper at the Crown and Mitre
Inn, and seems also to have been postmaster, an office then
usually held by an innkeeper. Blackstock made money in his
various avocations, and his will, dated 16 Feb. 1742, shows that
he then owned the Crown and Mitre in Stricklandgate, 8 acres of
land called Blackbanks alias Blaikbanks, in Strickland Kettle,
and two closes of land (7^ acres) called Lee-Yeat alias Leegate,
on the upper side of the highway from Kendal to Ambleside. In
this will he mentioned that most of his money ' ' lies in trade which
is very uncertain." He left ;^20 to the Chapel. Blackstock was
twice married, his first wife being Deborah Scales whom he married
at the parish church 3 July 1709. She was probably sister of
Daniel Scales of Skelsmergh whose descendants, the Thomsons,
were for so long connected with the Chapel.
Blackstock's second wife was named Anne, and subsequently
married Dr. Rotheram.
By his first wife Blackstock had issue three daughters, Isabella,
Mary and Sarah, the baptisms of the first two being recorded in
the Chapel register 16 May 1710 and i Nov. 171 1 respectively.
Mary was married at Colton 20 Feb. 1733-4 to Hugh Holme of
Kendal, and a brass in the parish church records her death 4 Dec.
1741.
Three altar tombs in the front of the Chapel have brasses with
the following inscriptions :
Here lieth | Edward Blackstock of Kendal | By his private
Conduct I And his public Spirit | He justly gained a general
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 509
Respect ] And departed this Life | On the 9th of May 1745 | In
the 68th Year of his Age. I
Here lieth the Body of | Isabella Blackstock | Eldest Daughter
of I Edward and Deborah Blackstock who | departed this Life |
under the comfortable j Hopes of a better on | the 24th of
February, [ Anno Domini 173 1 | Anno ^Etatis 22. |
Here lieth the Body of | Deborah Blackstock | the late Wife of |
Edward Blackstock | of Kendal Merchant | who departed this
Life 1 the 15th of November | Anno Domini 1733 | Anno ^Etatis
suae 52. I
4. John Moore, mercer (1719).
He was a retiring trustee in 1737 and was then described as
a woollen draper. He was doubtless the son of Thomas Moore,
whose birth 24 Mar. 1692-3 is recorded in the Chapel register.
According to Bellasis's Church Notes (ii., 44) the father was a
Quaker. John Moore's marriage or that of one of his brothers
is recorded in the Northowram register 11 Oct. 1722 : " Mr. More
of Kendall and Mrs. Anne Gream of Heath near Halifax."
A brother, Simon Moore, whose birth is recorded in the Chapel
register and whose baptism took place at the Church i May 1699,
was Mayor of Kendal 1728-9, and died 1750, and a sister Agnes
was married (licence dated 4 Dec. 171 7) to Mr. John Rowes of
Kendal. Esther Moore who was married 14 Apr. 1702 to James
Cock, was probably a relation, and Cock doubtless belonged to
that family of Cock of Birkhagg members of which had served
the office of mayor of Kendal in 1653 and 1681, James son of
James Cock was baptized 6 July 1703 [Chapel register).
5. Thomas Strickland, cordwainer (1719).
Son of Anthony Strickland by Mary Levens. One of the
original Trustees, he was a subscriber of £^ towards the purchase
of the ground. His daughter Mary was Dr. Rotheram's first
wife and his sister Mary was mother of the two Dodgsons, trustees.
" Thomas Strickland of Strickland gate bur. at the Presbeterian
meeting house " 23 Jan. 1726 [Parish register).
6. William Collinson, mercer (1719).
One of the original trustees of the Chapel and its first large
benefactor. Possibly a son of William Collinson, Mayor of
Kendal 1673-4. His bequest to the congregation is mentioned
on p. 300.
510 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
7. Edward Holme, woollen draper {1737).
Retiring trustee 1755 and then described as a mercer. He is
presumably identical with Edward son of Thomas Holme baptized
9 May 1703. His widow Elizabeth died in 1777. Edward Holme
had a large family and two of his sons were trustees in 1782.
If tradition may be believed it was from his house in Finkle
Street that on Saturday 14 Dec. 1745 was fired the shot that
killed one of the rebels who accompanied the Pretender.
8. Myles Harrison, of Lincoln's Inn, gentleman (1737).
Retiring trustee 1755 and then " of Lincoln's Inn, esquire."
A well-known Kendal barrister, whose portrait in oils is with
those of other local worthies in the Town Hall. He was the son
of John Harrison (Trustee 1719) but his baptism is not in the
Chapel register. The Chapel being without minister in 1 714-15
when Harrison was born the baptism probably took place else-
where. On 25 Nov. 1732 Myles Harrison son of John Harrison
of Kendal, gentleman, was admitted a student of Lincoln's
Inn {Lincoln's Inn Admissions) and on 23 Oct. 1738 he was called
to the bar, the famous Horace Walpole being called at the same
time. Harrison declined to become a Bencher of his Inn in
1758 {Lincoln's Inn Black-books, iii., 317, 365). He wels Recorder
of Kendal 1777 to his death. Though Harrison belonged to a
Dissenting family, he must in later life have been a Churchman,
if only a nominal one, or he could not have held the office of
Recorder.
Bellasis mentions that he played the violin and had but one
eye {Westmorland Church Notes, ii., 29), and Mr. Jennings said he
was best known as " tarve blind lawyer " (the half -blind lawyer).
He was buried in the parish church, where there is tlie following
inscription : —
Here lieth Myles Harrison of Lincolns Inn Esqr. Recorder of
Kendal who d. February the i6th A.D. 1797 aged 82. Frances
Harrison his wife d. January the 17th 1783 and Sarah Harrison
their da. who d. January the 15th A.D. 1775 are also here interred.
Also Elizabeth Harrison their youngest da. who d. Mar. 20th 1833
aged 82 (Bellasis's Westmorland Church Notes, ii., 29).
9. Robert Wilson, shearman (1737).
Several of his children were bap. at the Chapel 1724 to 1740.
10. Jonathan Williamson of Natland Milbeck, yeoman (1737).
His will, in which he describes himself as of Natland yeoman,
is dated 18 January 1752, and is now in the Lancaster Registry.
MVLES HARRISON,
Recorder of Kendal.
FACE p. 510.
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 5II
He left his freehold and customary estate in Natland to his brother
John, subject to the payment of £^0 to his brother-in-law
Jonathan Peile and of ^20 to his brother Stephen Williamson
(Trustee 17 19). To his brother Thomas Williamson he left his
reversionary right in freehold property in Patton given him by
his uncle Thomas Wilson, subject to the payment of /200 after
the decease of his aunt Anne Wilson in such manner as she shall
direct in and bj^ her last will. The will was proved on 27 April
1752. The inventory showed personal property above ;^40.
The aunt Anne Wilson named in the will was buried in the Chapel
yard 27 Mar. 1760 being 90 years old.
11. Benjamin Wilson, weaver {1737).
Son of Robert Wilson and bap. 15 Sep. 1702 {Chapel register).
He was a retiring trustee in 1755.
12. John Harrison, innholder (1737).
Probably son of John Harrison (Trustee 1719) and if so was
baptized 20 Dec. 1702.
13. John Strickland, cordwainer (1737).
Retiring trustee in 1755, and then described as of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, cordwainer.
He was not identical with the John Strickland who was
Mayor in 171 7-18, and was a mercer. He was the son of Thomas
Strickland (Trustee 1719) and brother-in-law of Dr. Rotheram.
He married Elizabeth Kirkby and had numerous children whose
baptisms are recorded in the Chapel register from 1723 to 1743.
He was Master of the Poor House at Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
His son William was a trustee in 1755.
14. Jonathan Dodgson, grocer (1737).
Son of Thomas Dodgson, of Kendal, mercer, by Mary, daughter
of Anthony Strickland. Although several of Thomas Dodgson's
children were baptized at the Chapel, their father doss not appear
to have been one of the congregation. Their mother was probably
the Mar}' Dodgson who subscribed two guineas and was an
original seatholder. The trustee was born 11 May 1712 and was
baptized 25 May. He was hving 29 Jan. 1 741-2 when he proved
his father's will but died before 1755.
15. George Carlyle, doctor of physic (1755).
A retiring trustee in 1782 and then described as of the city of
Carlisle.
512 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Dr. Carlyle's father, William Carlyle, was a surgeon in Carlisle,
where the son was born ii Nov. 1715. He practised as a phys-
ician at Kendal, but soon after his election as a trustee, removed
to Carlisle where he remained until his death 21 Oct. 1784 aged 69.
Nicholas Carlisle {Carlisle family, p. 129) says his " skill was sought
through the whole of the North of England, and is still [1822]
remembered and spoken of with gratitude and respect."
His first wife was Margaret daughter of John Fairbank of
Highgate, Mayor of Kendal in 1732-3. She was baptized at
Kendal Church 8 May 171 6, married there 9 May 1741, and died
without issue 26 February 1744, aged 28. Her will was not proved
until 23 Dec. 1751 when her husband had remarried. Dr.
Carlyle's second wife, whom he married at Kirklinton, 3 Sep.
1 75 1 was Dorothy Dacre daughter of Joseph Dacre Appleby of
Kirklinton Hall. By her, who died 17 Aug. 1805 aged 88, he had
many children, one of whom, born at Carlisle, was the Rev.
Joseph Dacre Carlyle, B.D., Chancellor of Carlisle and a dis-
tinguished Oriental scholar, of whom there is a memoir in the
" Dictionary of National Biography."
16. Thomas Dodgson, mercer (1755).
Elder brother of Jonathan Dodgson, trustee (1737), but his
baptism does not occur in the Chapel register. In 1742 he was
one of the executors of his father's will. He lived in Stricklandgate.
Died, aged 76, and was buried in the Chapel yard 2 Oct. 1781.
Married Rebecca dau. of John Harrison and sister of Myles
Harrison, (Trustee 1737). She was bap. at the Chapel 6 Oct.
1 71 9, and died 22 July 1766 and was buried at the Sepulchre,
Fellside. He had issue Thomas (bap. 25 July 1749) and Rebecca
(bap. 27 May 1751). On 10 Oct. 1781 administration of the
estate (above ;^30o) of Thomas Dodgson of Kendal, gentleman,
was granted to his sister Catherine Hardy, widow, so the pre-
sumption is that he died without surviving issue. Catherine
Hardy was the widow of the Rev. John Hardy and was buried in
the Chapel yard 23 Aug. 1788. Miss Dyson, an adopted daughter
of Miss Harrison, daughter of Myles Harrison, possessed a portrait
of Thomas Dodgson.
17. Richard Harrison, tanner (1755).
One of the Harrisons of Pool Bank.
His grandfather John Harrison of Pool Bank married Catheiine
dau. of Anthony Strickland and sister of Thomas Strickland one
of the first trustees (1719). His father Thomas Harrison of
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 513
Stramongate died at the age of 84 and was buried in the Chapel
yard 16 Dec. 1781. Richard Harrison, the trustee, was baptized
12 April 1725 at the Chapel. He lived in Stramongate, was
married and had several children whose names are recorded in
the Chapel register, 1 755-1 761 and he died 14 Sep. 1762 aged 37.
He was buried in the Chapel yard but there is no memorial to him
though his sister is commemorated by a headstone :■ —
In Memory | of | Mary Harrison | late of Pool Bank | in the
township of Crosthwaite | and parish of Heversham | and of
New Street, Kendal, Spinster, | Born October 14th 1726. [ Died
April 15th 182 1. I Multis ilia bonis flebiUs occidit | Nulli fiebilior
quam mihi. | This stone was erected by her | Affectionate great
nephew | Thomas Harrison Bateman | A.D. 1859. |
18. Thomas Gibson the elder, weaver (1755).
The Gibsons had been members of the congregation before the
present Chapel was erected. Thomas Gibson subscribed ^^5 and
Henry Gibson £2 2s. towards the cost of erection and both were
seatholders. Thomas was buried in the Chapel yard 24 April
1 725 as is recorded in the parish register and his widow Jane was
buried 12 June 1760 aged within a few days of 96. His son, the
trustee, was born i Jan. and bap. 13 Jan. 1708. He was a con-
siderable benefactor of the Chapel, the Ralphfordhall property
having been presented by him (see p. 348). He was buried in
the Chapel yard where there is a headstone against the wall of
the Chapel with this inscription : —
Here lie the remains of | Thomas Gibson | who died April 6.
1 78 1 aged 73 I Rational piety, simplicity of manners | and
inviolate integrity | distinguished his character. | He was a firm
friend of religious liberty | for which he testified his regard | by
a generous donation to this Chapel. | Here also is buried |
Elizabeth Cookson his sister [ Who died July 27, 1781 aged 84.
His wife Mary was buried in the Chapel yard 20 April 1787
aged 82 but there is no stone to her memory.
From the sister named in the inscription were probably
descended the Cooksons to be named later.
Henry Gibson of Stramongate, weaver, elder brother of the
trustee, born 10 July 1695, "^^^^ also a member of the congregation.
His will was proved 27 Aug. 1730, the inventory showing person-
alty ^175 7s. 3d. His widow Prudence, died i March 1771 aged
83 and was buried in the Chapel yard.
2 L
514 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
19. William (iowxHROP, tanner (1755).
The Gawthrops, whose name is also spelled Gawthorp, Gow-
thorp and Gowthrop, were members of the congregation for over
150 years, but do not appear in the early lists of subscribers.
The first of the family was William Gawthrop of Blaickbank in
Underbarrow, yeoman, whose will was proved 26 Oct. 1730
(Inventory ^62 iis. 6d.). The births or baptisms of five of his
children are in the Chapel register. Of these Hannah is noticed
•on p. 341 as a benefactor ; Samuel, was the father of Samuel
(Trustee 1782) ; and William, was the above trustee. The
trustee was born 7 Feb. 1709, lived in Highgate and died 5 Feb.
1782. He appears to have been unmarried. His will was proved
(under ;^30o) 16 March 1782, his nephew William and two nieces
being the executors. He is commemorated by a tablet on the
Chapel wall (exterior).
Here is buried I William Gawthorp | who died Feb. 5, 1782,
aged 73. I This monument is placed | as a respectful testimony |
to the memory | of a sincere friend | and honest man. |
■20. Benjamin Atkinson, shearman (1755).
An altar tomb in the Chapel yard is inscribed : —
Here lie the remains of Benjamin Atkinson | of Kendal Shear-
man I who departed this Life | the 2.^ day of May 1757, | in the
37* year j of his Age. | Elizabeth, the second daughter | of
Daniel and Elizabeth Scales [ Relict of Benjamin Atkinson | died
31st day of December 1774 | Aged 51 years.
Elizabeth Scales, whom he married at Helsington 13 Mar.
1745, was baptized at the Chapel 13 Nov. 1723.
21. George Birkett, shearman (1755).
George Birkett, of Strickland gate, died 22 April 1768 in his
■67th year and was buried in the Chapel yard. His will, in which
he is described as a shearmandyer, was proved by his widow
Susan, 2 May 1768.
In the Chapel yard is an altar tomb inscribed to a contemporary
of the same name ; —
Here lie the remains of ] George Birkett | of Kendal Shearman-
dyer I who departed this Life | the 3d day of January 1754 in
the 55"' year of his Age. | Also Agnes his Wife who ) died March
the 25"' 1776 aged 86 |
This George was married, by licence dated 23 July 1720, to
Agnes Wilson of Kendal. George Birkett was an original seat-
JAMES AINSLIK, M.D.
FACE P. 515.
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 515
holder and his family retained their pew until 1840. Another
original seatholder was Matthew Birket, whose seat was allowed
to him gratis in consideration of his services as clerk. He was
a periwig maker and was married, by licence dated 29 Aug. 1720,
to Isabel Brocklebank of Scalthwaiterigg. The name occurs
frequently in the Chapel registers.
22. William Strickland, pewterer (1755).
Retiring trustee 1782.
Son of John Strickland (Trustee, 1737), was bap. at the Chapel
23 Jan. 1727 and buried there 14 Apr. 1802. He was a brazier
and pewterer in Stricklandgate. His first wife Elizabeth Brown
died 18 Dec. 1773, aged 36 and was buried at the Chapel. His
second wife, to whom he was married 30 July 1776, was Hannah
daughter of Samuel Gawthrop. She was bap. at the Chapel 30
Nov. 1 741 and was buried there 17 Feb. 1831 aged 89.
23. James Ainslie, doctor of physic (1782).
Ainslie was born at Jedburgh, Scotland, 2 April 1732. Having
graduated M.D. at Edinburgh in 1754 he settled in Kendal as a
physician and acquired a great reputation in the town and district.
He was interested in almost every philanthropic institution in the
town and was one of the founders of the Dispensary in 1782, of
which he was Physician, and of the Sunday Schools in 1785.
Eventually he purchased the estate of Hall Garth in Over Kellet,
but did not sever his connection with Kendal, where he died 25
February, 1790. His first wife was the daughter of Montague
Farrer of Carlisle. His second wife, whom he married in 1773,
was Mary, daughter of Henry Wilson of Kellet. She, who had a
large fortune and a benevolent mind, survived Dr. Ainslie for
30 years, dying at Hall Garth 29 April, 1820, aged 73. A portrait
of Dr. Ainslie, painted by Romney, is now in the Cartwright
Memorial Hall, Bradford. By his first wife Dr. Ainslie was
father of two sons, Montague Farrer Ainslie, K.C. (1759-1830) and
Henry Ainslie, M.D. (1760- 1834), both of whom attained great
distinction at Cambridge. Dr. Henry Ainslie was physician to
St. Thomas's Hospital, London, and in 1802 Harveian orator. In
spite of his Cambridge training Dr. Henry Ainslie continued his
connection with the Market Place Chapel and he was an original
member of the Unitarian Society established in 1791, the first
society in England for Unitarian propaganda.
24. James Wilson, .shearman (1782).
5l6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
25. Thomas Holme, mercer (1782).
Son of Edward Holme (Trustee, 1737), and was baptized at the
Chapel 6 Aug. 1733. He carried on business as a mercer and
woollen draper until his death when his stock was purchased by
his brother Richard. In public life his main work was in con-
nection with the Kendal Fell Trust of which he was the first
Clerk.
Thomas Holme, who died suddenly of apoplexy while on his
way to visit the Rev. John Harrison at the Ghyll, was buried in
the Chapel yard 6 Sep 1801. He had married at Kendal 5 Nov.
1767 Elizabeth daughter of John Thomson the elder of Kendal,
and sister of the Rev. Caleb Rotheram's second wife. She, who
was buried at the Chapel 15 June 1790, inherited property from
her father which passed to her son. Thomas Holme had two
children, Mary (baptized at the Chapel 14 Feb. 1769, buried there
I Sep. 1830, having died on 28 Aug.) and Edward, baptized at
the Chapel, 11 Mar. 1770, who was the distinguished physician
Edward Holme, M.D., F.L.S., of Manchester, a great benefactor
of the Chapel, who is noticed on p. 418.
26. John Thomson the younger, merchant (1782).
Retiring trustee 1815 and then described as gentleman.
The Thomsons, like some other families connected with the
Chapel, were of Scotch origin. The first of the family in Kendal
appears to have been John Thomson, father of this trustee. He
was probably a native of Dumfries, and seems to have settled in
Kendal about 1741. He was a wine merchant, and is described
in the Gentleman's Magazine as " a person of truly, respectable
character and exemplary life." He died 9 Aug. 1787 aged 77
and was buried at the Chapel. The terms of his will, in which
he describes himself as " esquire," suggest a much larger per-
sonalty than the /600 at which it was sworn. He left landed
property to his son-in-law and daughter Holme, ;£2,500 to his
daughter Hannah, his furniture to his wife, sundry small annuities
to relations in Scotland, and the residue to his son John.
He had been twice married, his first wife being Marjr daughter
of Daniel Scales of Skelsmergh. She was baptized at the Chapel
27 April 1721, and dying 7 Sep 1766, was buried there. The
children of this marriage included John Thomson, the trustee,
Elizabeth wife of Thomas Holme (trustee), and Hannah wife of
the Rev. Caleb Rotheram.
The trustee, John Thomson, the second, was baptized at the
Chapel 6 Nov. 1755. He followed his father's business but had
JOHN THOMSON, M.D
FACE p. 517.
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 517
retired from it long before his own death. He was throughout
hfe an active Reformer and an enthusiastic electioneer. In 1819
when aU the reformers in the country were shocked by the brutal
dispersal of a reform meeting at Manchester, he in company with
Brougham and others addressed a county meeting held in Kendal
to demand an inquiry into the circumstances. Tlie hustings
were erected in front of Mr. Thomson's premises in Stricklandgate
(Local Chronology, p. 37). His political interests remained to tlie
end and only a few weeks before his death he took part in the
keenly contested election of 1831, when the Reform Bill was the
principal bone of contention.
The following broadside shows his unabated spirit :■ —
" God save the King !
Worthy freeholders of Westmoreland ! You have nobly
fought the fight of Freedom. ^ — The day is won — Your spirit has
forced the Anti-Reformers to sue for terms — one of their Can-
didates has " GIVEN IN," and they have agreed not to oppose
the return of Mr. Nowell, a man who has pledged himself to vote
for the Bill, the whole Bill, and nothing but the Bill.
JOHN THOMSON.
Kendal, Wednesday,
May ^th, 1831.
" Richard Lough, Printer, All-Hallows Lane, Kendal."
He died 21 July 1831 and was buried at the Chapel. On his
gravestone the date is given 1830.
John Thomson II. married Hannah, who died 6 Sep. 1823 aged
70 years and was buried at the Chapel.
Several daughters and one son constituted the family of John
Thomson II. The son was Dr. John Thomson, born 16 Aug. 1782.
He is usually stated to have been born in Stricklandgate, but the
Chapel register shows that John Thomson II. was then living in
Finkle Street and presumably the son was born there. He was
baptized at the Chapel 25 Sep. 1782. He was educated at
Appleby Grammar School and was afterwards a divinity student
at the Manchester Academy for four years.
Then he officiated for two and a half years as minister at
Bostock {Roll of Students, Manchester Academy). Changing his
profession he studied medicine and graduated M.D. at Edinburgh
in 1807. He began practice in Halifax in 1808, removed to Leeds
in 1817 and died of typhus fever, 18 May 1818. He was buried
at Blackley Chapel, near Halifax, and a subscription was raised
for the erection of a white marble memorial in the Northgate
5l8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
End Chapel, Halifax. In 1815 he had married, at Kendal Parish
Church, Charlotte only daughter of Joseph Cartledge, M.D., of
ELland. Dr. Thomson, though only 35, had attained a con-
siderable professional reputation. He was an enthusiastic worker
for Unitarianism and suggested the Fellowship Funds which in
the early years of the last century did much to strengthen
Unitarian congregations and foster their propagandist work.
The Rev. William Turner gave in his address to the students at
Manchester College in 18 18, an estimate of Dr. Thomson's
character, from which we make the following extracts: —
" though he was educated for the ministry in this very seminary,
previous to its removal from Manchester, he spent the greater
part of his life as a member of a lay profession. Having from the
most honourable motives, which though connected with the wel-
fare of others, were known to few besides himself, relinquished,
with great reluctance, the profession of his first choice, he did not,
at the same time, relinquish his religion, or any of the proper
modes of testifying his attachment to it ; he did not yield to the
peculiar temptations which the profession which he adopted
seems to present, to fall into a neglect of public worship ; but
while he was very sensible that, in cases of necessity, mercy must
be attended to in preference to sacrifice, he always arranged his
ordinary business so as to be ready for the services of God's house.
. He never excused himself (though who had a better right?)
on the plea of ' knowing more than his teachers,' or of ' being
able to pray and read at home,' or on any of the other frivolous
excuses, which in general are nothing but mere excuses, and are
never practically acted upon, even up to their paltry extent ; nor
was he led, by ambition or fashion, to join the popular religion
at the expense of his own established principles ; but, considering
himself as upon the footing of his meanest fellow-christian, in a
concern in which all are equal, he was never ashamed to present
himself before God in the company of the meanest, and to receive
instructions, founded on the word of God, though given by the
humblest of his Master's servants.
I wish also to hold up the character of Dr. Thomson to you, my
young friends, as an example for your imitation, ... in his
readiness at all times to take an active part in any scheme of
private or public benevolence ; or for the advancement, in any
way, of any important interest of his fellow-creatures. In the
active discharge of his professional duties among the poor, he is
known to have been particularly exemplary ; in this great cause
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 519
he fell, alas ! an honourable but lamented sacrifice ! He was also
a great promoter of Bible Societies, and of Savings Banks. At
the very time of his death, I know, from having been engaged in
correspondence with him upon the subject, he was endeavouring
the establishment of a Philosophical Society in Leeds, on a scale
well suited to the capacity and energy of his mind. .
What a debt of gratitude does the cause of free religious
investigation owe him for the establishmnet of the West Riding
Unitarian Book and Tract Society ! With what ease and cheer-
fulness will our several societies be enabled to assist each other
and encourage rising institutions, when his proposal of Fellowship
Funds shall have been carried into general effect ! " *
Dr. Thomson's death called forth many expressions of regret
which were collected together in a small pamphlet printed by
Richard Lough, Finkle Street. The collection included a poem
by Dr. Thomson on Dr. Currie, who had been a fellow student at
Edinburgh with Dr. Thomson's grandfather.
The Thomson inscriptions in the Chapel yard are given below.
Here lie the Bodies of | Daniel Scales of Skelsmergh | who died
Nov 22"<i 1724 aged 36 | And of Daniel, David, Mary and James
I his grandchildren who died in their | infancy the tender offspring
of I John and Mary Thomson of Kendal [ And of Mary daughter
of Daniel Scales | and wife of John Thomson | who died Sep'' 7*^^
1766 aged 45 I Christian Piety and Meekness Prudence | and
Charity adorned her Life | and endeared her Memory. | And of
John Thomson [ who died August 6"' 1787 aged 77 | respected
and lamented. I
John Thomson | son of John and Mary Thomson | 1830 | Hannah
Thomson | his wife | 1823 | Hannah | the fifth child of [ John
and Hannah Thomson [ 1829. |
A.A.T. 1842.
Alicia Anne Thomson, | died September 29*'' 1842 | aged 53
years. |
27. Isaac Steele, dyer (1782).
Probably a son of Isaac Steele of Finkle Street who was buried
at the parish church in 1775. The trustee is described as dry-
salter and dyer and lived successively in Highgate, Finkle Street
* {Monthly Repository, xiii., p. 463.) The same volume of the M.R. (p. 523)
Contains a poem on Dr. Thomson signed "L" and probably written by
Isabel Lickbarrow.
520 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
and Stramongate. He died in 1800 and was buried in the Cliapel
yard 23 Dec. He was twice married and both his wives were
buried in tlie Chapel yard. His daughter Catherine, bap. at the
Chapel 2 July 1775 was the first wife of Alderman Jonathan
Hodgson, hosier, three times Mayor of Kendal, who frequently
attended the Chapel. Mrs. Hodgson is commemorated by a
headstone against the school wall inscribed :• —
Catherine [ Wife of | Jonathan Hodgson, Hosier, | and Daughter
of I Isaac and Mary Steele | all of Kendal departed this Life |
Nov lo'h 1813, aged 38 Years. | Blessed are the dead | which die
in the Lord. |
The trustee's son, Isaac Steele, bap. at the Chapel 16 July 1774,
founded in 181 1 the Westmorland Advertiser and Kendal Chronicle,
which he edited until 1813.
David Jackson, Mayor of Kendal in 1785, married 29 Sep.
1760 Eleanor Steele, probably a relation of the trustee.
28. Samuel Gowthrop the younger, hosier (1782).
Retiring trustee in 1815, and then described as " gentleman."
His father Samuel Gawthrop, hosier, was brother of William
(Trustee 1755) and is commemorated by the following inscription
on an alter tomb in the Chapel yard : —
Samuel Gawthrop | died May HI., MDCCLXXXVHL | aged
LXXVII. I Ann his wife | died April XV MDCCCIII. | aged
XCI. I
His will was proved by his son Samuel 26 May 1788, the Act
Book spelling the father's name Gowthrop and the son's Gawthrop.
The trustee was born 11 Oct. 1748, was buried in the Chapel yard
5 Feb. 1819, aged 70. He was the first Chapel warden, being
elected in 1788, and again in 1800.
Robert Gawthrop, a brother of the trustee, was baptized at the
Chapel, and was for very many years an active member of the
congregation. He was Chapel warden in 1796. Towards the end
of his life he removed to Lancaster and took the opportunity of
presenting his pews in Kendal Chapel to Mr. Hawkes for the
benefit of the congregation. In business he was a cotton dealer
and cotton twist manufacturer. " He was much respected for his
active exertions in every good cause, and for his beneficence to
the poor." {Inquirer, 31 Aug. 1844). He was buried in the yard
of the Unitarian Chapel, St. Nicholas Street, Lancaster, and his
gravestone is inscribed ; —
ROBERT GAWTHORP.
FACE p. 520.
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 521
To the Memory | of Robert Gawthrop Esq. | Born at Kendal 15"'
February 1754 | Died at Lune Villa, near Lancaster, | 22nd
August 1844. I Also Catherine his wife, | who died 26'^ February
1852 1 aged 61 years.
Inside the same chapel there is another memorial. F. Nicholson
possesses a portrait of Robert Gawthrop which we reproduce.
29. Edward Holme, grocer (1782).
Retiring trustee 1815 and then described as shopkeeper. Son
of Edward Holme (Trustee 1737). Baptized by Mr. Dickenson
senior 11 Jan. 1754. Librarian of the Kendal Book Club. Some-
time a grocer in the Newbiggin. He afterwards hved with his
brother Richard in the Market Place and their niece Mary Holme
(d. 1830) sister of Dr. Holme, resided with them as housekeeper.
He died at Kendal in July 1840 aged 88 [Kendal Mercury, 11 July
1840).
30. Matthew Whitaker, tobacconist (1782).
Son of Matthew Whitaker, tobacconist, was baptized at the
Chapel 23 Dec. 1739. He carried on the business of a tobacconist
with great success. Was Chapel warden for two years, and died
17 July 1 81 5, being buried in the Chapel yard. He was twice
married, his second wife, Miss Ann or Nanny Shaw, whom he
married in 1785 [Newcastle Chronicle, 19 Mar. 1785), being the
mother of several children, including Joseph (Trustee 1815).
Mr. Jennings told us that Whitaker was best known as " Scotch
Matthew," a sobriquet which probably referred to the snuff he
sold rather than to his own nationality, for he was a Kendal man.
Perhaps the other tobacconists sold only the local snuff, the
famous Kendal Brown. Several generations of the family are
recorded on an altar tomb in the back yard of the Chapel : —
Here lie the remains of I Matthew Whitaker | who died Oct. 15
1773, aged 77 I Agnes his widow | who died June 25, 1780, aged
73 I and eight of their offspring. | Here also is buried | Helen the
wife of I Matthew Whitaker jun. | who died August 3 1783 |
aged 29 I M. Whitaker Jun. j died May 10 1807 aged 19 | M.
Whitaker sen. | died July 17th 1815 Aged 75. | Eleanor, the
infant daughter of | Joseph Whitaker | died May 3'd 1817 |
Margaret, daughter of | Matthew Whitaker senior ] died May
28"' 1829, Aged 43. I Nanny the wife of | Matthew Whitaker
senior, | died May 7"' 1834. Aged 88 | She was a truly good
christian. | The bible was her friend and monitor, | and God her
refuge.
522 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
31. Thomas Cookson, merchant (1815).
He was the son of James Cookson of Stramongate, dyer, and
his baptism is recorded in the Chapel register g April 1775. The
trustee was a friend and kinsman of William Wordsworth, who
when visiting Mr. Cookson was an occasional attender at the
Chapel. .He died at Ramsey, Isle of Man, 20 Oct. 1833, aged 62.
One of his sons, William Strickland Cookson, baptized at the
Chapel in 1801, was educated at Kendal Grammar School, and
became a solicitor in 1813. He attained great distinction in his
profession and in 1 860-1 was President of the Incorporated Law
Society. He was Treasurer of the National Association for the
Promotion of Social Science. Died at Hampstead, 5 July, 1877.
The stone on the family grave in the Chapel yard is inscribed : —
In Memory of | James Cookson, | who died Feb>' 13, 1806. Aged
65. And of I Elizabeth his wife | who died August 28, 1796 |
Aged 60. I Also of | Richard, their son | who died Sep'' 13, 1799,
I Aged 22. I William, their second son, died | in Jamaica, in
July 1815, aged 41. | Thomas, their eldest son, died | at Ramsey
in the Isle of Man, [ October 20, 1833, aged 62. |
32. Joseph Whitaker, tobacconist (1815).
Retiring trustee in 1833 and then described as gentleman. He
was the son of Matthew Whitaker (Trustee 1782) and was born
16 Feb. 1789 {Chapel register). According to Mr. Jennings he was
" no business man and was fond of angling, like his grandson
R. B. Lee." He was Chapel warden for some years.
He was married at Kendal to Elizabeth Hunter [Carlisle Journal,
16 Mar. 181 1) and three children are recorded in the Chapel register.
His daughters were considered two of the handsomest girls in
Kendal. One married the Rev. George Lee and was mother of
R. B. Lee (Trustee 1868), and the other married Mr. Rogers.
33. Thomas Relph, saddler (1815).
Retiring trustee 1833 and then of Cartmel, co. Lancaster, saddler.
The following inscription in the Chapel yard probably refers
to his parents :- —
In Memory of | Mary [ wife of Thomas Relph. | A long and pain-
ful illness, supported | with Christian piety and resignation, |
terminated her earthly course, | on the 13"' of November, 1804, |
in the 56"' year of her age. | Also of | Thomas Relph, | who, by
the benevolence of his [ disposition and the integritj- of his |
conduct did honour to his religious | profession. | He died April
30"' 1813 I aged 70 years.
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 523
34. Edward Harrison, mercer (1815).
Son of the Rev. John Harrison. He died at the age of 41 and
was buried at the Chapel 16 Aug. 1828. He married Agnes
daughter of George Mason of Kendal, druggist, and several of
their children were baptized at the Chapel. Their eldest son
John Mason Harrison, died 10 May 1869 and was buried in Castle
Street Cemetery .
35. John Gough, of Scalthwaiterigg, gentleman (1815).
This trustee was the well-known " blind philosopher." The
son of Nathan Gough, a Quaker, he was born at Kendal 17 Jan.
1757. Before he was three years of age he lost his sight. Never-
thelesss he became an eminent mathematician and, still more
remarkable, a distinguished botanist. The interesting story of
how, by the sense of touch, he overcame the loss of his sight, is
well told in Nicholson's Annals and need not be repeated. He
coached pupils in mathematics and several wranglers were amongst
those who benefited from his instructions. Dr. John Dalton,
F.R.S., was one of his pupils. Wordsworth and Coleridge were
amongst his admiring friends.
Gough died at Fowl Ing, 28 July 1825, and was buried in the
parish church yard, but his funeral sermon was preached in his
own place of worship by his old friend the Rev. John Harrison.
The Westmorland Advertiser of Saturday 13 Aug. 1825 gives the
following report : —
On Sunday last, a funeral sermon for this highly-distinguished
and much-respected man was preached in the Unitarian Chapel,
in this town, by tlie Rev. J. Harrison. The Reverend Gentleman
took his text from the sublime and pathetic poem in the 14th
chapter of the book of Job, verses from the 7th to the loth,
inclusive ; — " For there is hope of a tree if it be cut down, and it
will sprout again, and that the tender branch thereof will not
cease, though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock
thereof die in the ground. Yet through the scent of the water
it will bud, and bring forth like a plant. But man dieth and
wasteth away ; yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is he ?"
After refuting the hypotheses maintained by some theologians,
and deducing from reason, historical facts, and the received
opinions of eminent annotators, the doctrines contained in this
beautiful passage, the venerable pastor gave a beautiful illustra-
tion of the death-scene ; and in terms of praise, made noble
allusion to him who, by the icy hand of death had been snatched
524 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
from this fleeting scene of trial to an existence more perfect through
all eternity. The audience was evidently much affected by the
impressive and edifying discourse ; and the worthy minister
(who had long enjoyed the social and intellectual intercourse ol
the memorable defunct), when speaking of Mr. Gough as a social
and intellectual companion and good moral character, let fall
the half -restrained tear of friendship, at the dissolution of the
bond which no power but death could have put asunder."
36. Anthony Fothergill, cardmaker (1815).
The Fothergills appear to have come from Ravenstonedale, as
the first occurrence of the name in the Chapel register is the
baptism 29 Dec. 1719 of " William son of Anthony Fothergill,
Russendale." William, who lived in Stricklandgate, was a card-
maker and in conjunction with William Pennington invented in
1 75 1 a pricking machine for cardmaking {Local Chronology.
p. xxix.). He died aged 74 and was buried at the Chapel 15
Jan. 1794. His son Anthony, the trustee, was baptized at the
Chapel 3 Apr. 1752, and was buried there, having died 5 July
1821 aged 69. Mrs. Fothergill died in 1828.
37. William Patten, weaver (18 15).
Retiring trustee 1833 and then described as tea-dealer formerly
a weaver.
38. James Braithwaite, flour dealer (1833).
Was connected with the Unitarian Baptists.
An inscription on a raised flat-stone in the back yard of the
Chapel gives the following particulars :■ —
Sacred to the memory of | James Braithwaite | of Shaws Brow |
Who died January 19* 1847 | and Isabella, his wife | who died
July 31"' i860, I and was interred | in Castle Street, Cemetery. |
Also Jane, their daughter | who died December 13"' 1836. |
Also Thomas Shaw | their son | who died at Liverpool, [ August
31"^' 1879 I and was interred | in Walton Churchyard. |
Another inscription in the Chapel yard presumably refers to a
different family : —
Erected in Memory of | Elizabeth | Wife of James Brathwaite, |
of Kendal Ironmonger, | and Daughter of | James and Elizabeth
Cookson, I who died Feb. 24 1799 Aged 29 years. [
39. George Hinde, gentleman (1833).
According to Mr. Jennings Mr. Hinde had been a cobbler and
a collector of the hair-powder tax, but became very well off by
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 525
inheritance from his wife's relations. So far from being ashamed
of liis original business he was intensely annoyed one day on
returning from market to find that his wife and daughter had
burned his cobbler's tools. He became a Churchman and his
name, as one of the churchwardens, is inscribed on the Church
tower. His daughter was a worker in the Unitarian Sunday
School. She was the wife of Richard Nelson, Mayor of Kendal
in 1885-6.
40. CuTHBERT Relph Greenhow, gentleman (1833).
The Greenhows of Stainton and Kendal, though coming to the
trusteeship only in the nineteenth century, had been connected
with the Chapel from its erection. Towards the building of the
Chapel James Greenhow contributed £2 and Robert Greenhow
^3, and they and John Greenhow were original seatholders. They
may have been brothers, and if so were not Westmorland men by
birth, as Robert Greenhow was certainly the son of John Greenhow
of Horwich, Lancashire, who died in 1733 aged 83, who according
to the family story was son of the Rev. John Greenhalgh, D.D.,
Rector of Bury, and Chaplain to the famous Charlotte, Countess
of Derby.
Of the three original seatholders James was married by licence
dated 16 July, 1719, to Elizabeth Robinson of Millbridge,
Heversham. He removed to Lancaster and in the graveyard of
St. Nicholas Street Chapel there is a stone recording his death
21 Dec. 1781, aged 95, and his wife's death, 19 Aug. 1785, aged 90.
John Greenhow, another of the original seatholders, was a carrier
at Heversham, and he died shortly before 2 March 1748-9, when
his will was proved.
The other seatholder and the ancestor of the trustee, was Robert
Greenhow, who died 16 Aug. 1766 and was buried at Heversham.
His will, in which he is described as "of Stainton, gentleman,"
was proved 6 Sep. 1766. He had married by licence dated
27 Oct. 1 72 1 Anne Dodgson of Kendal, who was a daughter of
Thomas Dodgson of Kendal, and sister of Jonathan and Thomas
Dodgson, trustees of the Chapel. Two of Robert's children are
recorded in the Chapel register, the elder being Thomas Greenhow,
baptized 4 Sep. 1722, who resided at Stainton and died 13 April
1797. In his will he is described as " gentleman," He had a
large family : — Robert, his eldest son, who is mentioned in another
chapter as an intimate friend and correspondent of James Kay,
the Unitarian Baptist, removed to Wrexham, and died 29 Aug.
1829 aged 72, and was buried in the Dissenters' graveyard at
326 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Wrexham. Another son, Thomas, was baptized at Kendal
Chapel 20 June 1759, and buried at Stainton Chapel where there
is a mural tablet recording his death 14 Jan. 1838 aged 78. Other
sons were John, Richard and Samuel. The last was father of
Richard Greenhow, who settled at Wrexham, was owner o± the
Pant Iron Works there and a trustee of the Wrexham meeting-
house (Palmer's Wrexham Nonconformity, p. 90), and his grandson
is Mr. R. Relph Greenhow of Cardiff, who has obliged us with
some particulars of the Greenliow family.
John Greenhow of Kendal, third son of Thomas of Stainton,
was born 2 March, 1764. He was a woollen manufacturer, and
died 22 Feb. 1818 aged 53, and was buried at Heversham. The
inscription on his gravestone says " He exemplified the belief
of pure Christianity by a uniform practice of the duties it incul-
cates." Of his wife Ann, who died at Low House, Bowness,
Windermere, 27 May 1847 aged 74, it is stated that " She was an
humble and faithful follower of her Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ"
(Bellasis's Westmorland Church Notes, i., where several Greenhow
inscriptions are printed).
Like Robert Greenhow, John Greenhow was of Baptist
principles, and the births of several of his children are recorded
in the Unitarian Baptist section of the register. It was not until
after the Baptists had united with the Market Place congregation
that the Greenhows became prominent members of the Unitarian
Chapel. John Greenhow married Ann, daughter of George Relph
of Penrith, a relation of Joseph Relph the poet, and had a large
family, the daughters being Ann, married at Bowness 5 May 1852
to William Pearson of Borderside ; Hannah, who died at Birth-
waite, Windermere, 1 7 March 1875 ; Eliza, wife of Thomas Grundy
of Bury, solicitor ; Mary, wife of Alfred Grundy, solicitor ; Sarah,
Jane, wife of the Rev. Edward Hawkes, and Dorothy, wife of
Oliver Ormrod Openshaw of Bury. The sons were Samuel,
John, Cuthbert and George, the last three being trustees of the
Chapel.
Cuthbert Relph Greenhow, the trustee named above, was born
in Highgate, Kendal, 17 Oct. 1812, and was educated at
Manchester College, York, 1830-1833, being intended for the law.
He married a Miss Jackson, who died shortly after the birth of
an only child who died in infancy. Mr. Greenhow died 7 Aug.
1837 a-ged 25 and was buried in the Presbyterian (Unitarian)
Chapel yard at Bury, Lancashire. There is an inscription to his
memory on the family grave at Heversham.
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 527
41. George Relph Green HOW, ivory comb manufacturer (1833).
Retiring trustee 1868 and then described as " George Relph
Greenhow Relph of Beechhill, Usk, in the county of Monmouth
esquire."
He was a brother of Cuthbert R. Greenhow (Trustee 1833)
and was born at High House, Stainton, 2 Aug. 1807, the date in
the Unitarian Baptist register (7 Aug.) being an error. When the
subscription for the repair of the Chapel was made in 1845 he
contributed ;£ioo. He took the additional surname of Relph on
inheriting the estate of his maternal uncle Cuthbert Relph of
Cheshunt. In 1867 he served as High Sheriff of Monmouthshire.
" After an active, happy life," he died 7 Feb. 1880 and was buried
at Heversham (Bellasis's Church Notes, i., 254). His wife Anne
died 12 Oct. 1885.
42. Thomas Webster, druggist (1833).
Retiring trustee 1868, and then of Kirkby Lonsdale, gentleman.
Besides being a druggist he had a glass and china warehouse, and
was a manufacturer of mineral waters. From the last mentioned
trade he acquired the nickname of " Pop " Webster.
He had a seat in St. George's Church and when the parish
church was restored in 1850-2 he presented to it one of the
clerestory windows. In 1866 he gave his pew in the Chapel to
a friend during the time he remained a member and afterwards
to the Chapel wardens for the use of the congregation.
43. William Jolly, shopkeeper (1833).
He seems to have come from Preston to Kendal, and to have
been a Baptist as his children are entered in the register of births.
He was probably the " W. I." of Kendal who contributed to
the Christian Reformer (1828, p. 446) some " Suggestions for the
promotion of Unitarianism." In this he advocated the employ-
ment by the British and Foreign Unitarian Association of zealous
ministers to attend the annual meetings of the congregations as a
" means of promoting zeal, love and personal religion in every
Unitarian congregation."
In the very early years of the Temperance movement he was an
earnest advocate of teetotalism as opposed to the " moderation "
pledge of the early Temperance societies. In the Preston Tem-
perance Advocate (1834, P- 37) ^e gives his experience ; " I regret
it is not in my power to advocate the Temperance cause with
eloquent language, but I take a deep interest in the promotion
528 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of it. It has been the means of loosing the chains of intemperance
in which I was bound by the habits and customs of my country.
It is upwards of two years since I drank any intoxicating
liquors ; none of my family (a wife and five children) ever wishes
for or expects it, and though a little while since we had a birth,
and to-day we have had a funeral of my wife's mother, we used
no intoxicating drink on either occasion. . . ."
44. John Pearson, canvas manufacturer (1833).
This trustee is honourably mentioned by Mr. H. W. Duncan
[Reminiscences of persons and places in Kendal, pp. 125, 126), as
the leader of the more active spirits in the congregation, who
took up propagandist work in the town. He describes him
(p. 127) as " about the middle height and weight, stooped much,
and seemed to be growing somewhat feeble, but always bright
and cheerful and loving-hearted." On 7 Mar. 1839 he was married
at the Chapel to Mrs. Mary Tomlinson.
45. Thomas Ainsworth, of Summer Hill in Ulverston, co.
Lancaster, gentleman (1833).
Retiring trustee, 1868, and then described as of " No. i in the
New Road in Kirkby Kendal and of the Flosh in the county of
Cumberland, esquire."
He was the son of David Ainsworth of Preston, and was born
in 1804, and was educated by the Rev. William Lamport of
Lancaster and Mr. Currie of Birmingham. He was a flax spinner
and was also interested in other commercial and manufacturing
enterprises in West Cumberland. He served as high sheriff of
Cumberland in 1861, and was a J. P. but did not qualify. His
interest in the Chapel at Kendal was very great. He rode or
drove over from Summer Hill — 13 miles — on alternate Sundays
in order to join in public worship. Being fond of music and a
good musician, he frequently played the organ in the chapels
at Kendal and Preston. He was President of Manchester New
College, London, from i860 to 1863 and his three sons were
educated there. He died in 1881, leaving by his wife, Mary
Laurie, daughter of the Rev. John Stirling, D.D., of Craigie, co.
Ayr, several children. The eldest son, the late David Ainsworth,
of The Flosh, was M.P. for West Cumberland from 1880 to 1885,
He died 21 Feb. 1906 and his widow is Mrs. Ainsworth of Wray
Castle, near Ambleside. The second and third sons were John
Stirling Ainsworth, now M.P. for Argyllshire, and the late Rev.
W. McQuhae Ainsworth, Unitarian minister.
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 529
46. John Greenhow, esquire {li
Brother of Cuthbert Ralph Greenhow (Trustee 1833). Born
at High House, Stainton, i July, 1799. For some years he was a
woollen manufacturer at Bury, but returned to Kendal, and lived
at Anchorites House. There he died 22 March 1873. His wife,
Ann daughter of John Openshaw of Pimhole, Bury, died at
Anchorites House, 22 Jan. 1874.
He had several children, the eldest being John Openshaw
Greenhow, C.E., who died in Kendal 25 Sep. 1877. The second
son Robert Gawthorpe Greenhow, born at Bury and educated at
Kendal Grammar School, was a mechanical engineer and was
mayor of Llanidloes three times. Mr. Greenhow's daughters
were Mary, who married Richard Eadson, and Anne Kay Green-
how, the latter still well remembered in Kendal for her keen
interest in all philanthropic work, and particularly for the part
she took in the erection of the Sunday School. Miss Greenhow
is an octogenarian, and is living (191 1) in South Devon.
47. John Robinson, plumber (i^
Retiring trustee 1877. Brother of Edgar Robinson (Trustee
1868) and for long one of the most active members of the congre-
gation. He was in business as a plumber and was also a licensed
victualler, being landlord of the Rainbow Hotel, and for services
to the Licensed Victuallers' Association received a testimonial of
silver plate. When a youth he was librarian at the Unitarian
Chapel, where books were exchanged after evening service, and
for many years he was Chapel Secretary. He was an alderman of
Kendal. Died at Kendal 22 Dec. 1896 in his 79th year.
48. Robert Atkin, weaver (i(
Retiring trustee 1877.
Son of Robert and Mary Atkin of Kendal, where he was born
15 Sep. 1810, his birth being recorded in the register of the
Unitarian Baptists. According to Mr. Jennings he was one of the
singers at the Chapel, and was a member of the Kendal Brass
Band. He was first secretary of the Working Men's Newsroom
opened in 1844.* Mr. Hawkes used to help him in drawing up
the annual report. Mr. Atkin was a model of thrift and tem-
perance. He died of heart disease a few years ago.
* Cornelius Nicholson says this was established in 1841 and was remodelled
in 1844. The name of the institution was the Working Men's Reading
Association.
2 M
530 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL
49. Rawdon Briggs Lee, newspaper proprietor (i
Retiring trustee in 1877. He was the only son of the Rev.
George Lee, editor and proprietor of the Kendal Mercury, and
grandson of Joseph Whitaker (Trustee 18 15). The trustee was
born at Kendal 9 July 1845, and was educated at the Friends'
School. He took a keen interest in country sports, and before
he left Kendal was well known as an angler, a cricketer, deputy
master of the local hounds and an authority on wrestling. In
1869 he began to get together a kennel of dogs and bred many
prizewinners. In 1883 he joined the staff of the Field and con-
ducted its Kennel department until shortly before his death.
His " Modern Dogs," in four volumes, is regarded as the authority
on the subject. Though Mr. Lee had long lived in London, he
never severed his connection with his native district and regularly
fished the Levens Hall water until the year before his death, when,
while at Kendal, he had a paralytic seizure. He was a Fellow
of the Zoological Society. He died 29 Feb. 1908 aged 63. His
name is recorded on his father's gravestone in the Castle Street
Cemetery.
50. Edgar Robinson, leather merchant (1868).
Retiring trustee 1877 and then of Douglas, Isle of Man. He
was the son of a journeyman shoemaker of whose " extraordinary
industry " the Carlisle Journal of 6 July, 1799 gave the following
instance : "A few weeks ago a journeyman shoemaker in Kendal
of the name of Robinson, earned £1 i6s. 2d. in one week. The
master who employs him says he can average £1 los. per week
when in health." Edgar Robinson was Messrs. Somervell's
traveller when first they began business.
He was brother of Alderman Robinson (Trustee 1868).
51. William Thornely of Windermere, gentleman (1868).
Retiring trustee 1877 and then of Westbrow, Hampstead, co.
Middlesex, gentleman. One of the Liverpool family of Thornely.
Born 9 Jan. 1819. Died at Hainpstead 28 March 1904. Interred
at Toxteth Park Chapel. Mr. Thornely left a very large estate,
the net personalty being proved at over a quarter of a million.
He left ;^250 each to the London Domestic Mission, St. George's
Road, St. Luke's ; the Liverpool Domestic Mission, the Mansfield
Street Church and Mission, Bethnal Green, and the Liverpool
North End Mission.
TRUSTEES OF THE CHAPEL. 531
52. Alfred Thornely of Windermere, gentleman (1868).
Brother of William Thornely (Trustee 1868). Born 10 July
1829. Died I March 1875 at The Bingle, Windermere, and
interred at St. Mary's Churchyard, Windermere.
53 Robert Durning Holt of Orrest Head, Windermere,
gentleman (1868).
Retiring trustee 1877 and then described as of Liverpool
merchant. Son of George Holt, cotton broker, of Liverpool.
Born 1832 and became a leading merchant in Liverpool, and was
also well-known as a politician and philanthropist. He was the
first Lord Mayor of Liverpool. He died 11 December, 1908.
532
XXXVIII.
List of Frankland's Pupils.
OF the older Nonconformist academies Frankland's is
the only one of which we have an approximately
complete list of pupils.
Evidently Frankland himself kept a careful record of
those whom he had taught. His list is not now known
to exist, but it was copied by at least two people, and
these copies eventually found their way into print. The
two versions differ slightly.
The first list appeared in print in 1745 as an appendix
to Dr. Latham's funeral sermon on Daniel Madock, one
of the pupils. It was prefaced by the following remarks : —
The Catalogue annexed, has been desired by some that were
educated there, and may be acceptable to others whose Friends
were ; for many of those ^^oung Lights are now set as to us, but
will shine out again in the Firmament above.
However, it is a proper Apology for the Dissenting Academies
and Seminaries of good Literature ; when it is observed what
excellent Characters they have produced ; and in the Jewish
Idiom, How many Streams from one Fountain made glad the City
of God.
Latham's list contains 303 names, two of which are not
included in Oliver Heywood's list. Latham's list was
reprinted by Aspland in his memoir of Frankland in the
Christian Reformer in 1S62.
Oliver Heywood's version of the list was printed in
1881 by J. Horsfall Turner in his Oliver Heywood's
Diaries, etc., ii., 9. It contains 304 names, one of which
is not in Latham's list. This list was written by Hey wood
on nth October, 1698, and on 31st January, 1698-9, he
" scarcht also and found out 22 hopeful young [men]
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 533
entered on the ministry bred up under Mr. Frankland,
that are dead since they began on the work. These
I writ also." (Diaries in Yorks. County Magazine, pp.
20, 21.)
Heywood's hst is, to a shght extent, annotated. Against
some names he has written " D," presumably the result of
his searches, such as that already mentioned in January,
1699, into his own record of deaths. Seventeen names
have against them an asterisk. The meaning of this mark
has not been explained, but we have come to the con-
clusion that the pupils thus marked conformed and
became Church of England clergymen. Of the seventeen,
no fewer than six certainly conformed, two others took
degrees at English universities and must have conformed
to do so, several are unidentified, and the other two or
three may have been starred in error.
The list which follows is a copy of Latham's list, but
inserted in parentheses is every variant in spelling or
date or note given by Heywood.
Annotations of the list have been attempted by the
Rev. Richard Astley and by Mr. Horsfall Turner. Mr.
Astley's annotations appeared in the Monthly Repository,
181 1. Only a few names had been dealt with when the
list was discontinued. The explanation is given in a
later volume of the Monthly Repository (1813, p. 181).
The Rev. Richard Astley had offered to complete his list,
and the editor replied : " We are obliged to Mr. Astley
for his offer, but we declined the continuation of the list
referred to, on the remonstrances of several of our readers,
as being uninteresting and useless."
In 1814 some supplementary annotations were pub-
lished by Dr. Joshua Toulmin in his Historical view of
the state of the Protestant Dissenters.
In 1885 Mr. Horsfall Turner printed in his Heywood's
Autobiography, vol. 4, " Notes respecting Mr. Frankland's
pupils, mainly compiled by the Rev. R. Slate." The
534 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
number of names annotated was 139, and some of the
identifications were certainly erroneous.
The late Master of Christ's College, Cambridge (Dr.
John Peile) supplied us with information about students
in his college. His notes have since been published in
the Biographical Register of Christ's College.
In our list most of the names are annotated. The
difficulty attending the identification of the pupils can
be appreciated only by those who have made similar at-
tempts. We have made much use of Mr. Horsfall Turner's
publications, of the many local Nonconformist histories,
and of Mr. George Eyre Evans's works, but perhaps the
most important source of information has been the
Minutes of the Presbyterian Fund. In addition to these,
many sources not specially Nonconformist have been
examined with very good results, and in quite a number
of cases wills and other original documents have been
consulted. In the annotations the main idea has been
to give an outline of the career of the pupil as briefly as
possible, and only to depart from the outline when we
had what we thought was fresh matter, or information
illustrating the theological standpoint of the scholar.
In many cases the identiiications must be regarded as
conjectural.
A Catalogue of the Young Men brought up
BY Mr. Frankland.
These came to Rathmell.
I. George Lyddell [Lyddall]. Mar. 8, 1669.
Frankland's first pupil was a kinsman of Mrs. Frankland,
being a son of Sir Thomas Liddell of Ravensworth. Bom 21
May 1655, he was admitted to Christ's College, Cambridge (of
which his father had been a member), 21 Oct. 1672, under
Dr. Ralph Widdrington. Frankland's share in his tuition is
ignored in the College register where it is stated that he was
educated at Morpeth under Mr. Spinck {Information of Dr. Peile,
Master of Christ's). Liddell was living and unmarried in 1697
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 535
(Surtees' Durham, ii., 213). The Liddell family received a
baronetcy in 1642, baronies in 1747 and 1821 and the Earldom
of Ravensworth in 1874.
2. Anthony Procter [Proctor D.]. April 7, 1670.
Being marked D in Heywood's list he was, we may presume,
dead before 1702. Anthony is a very common Christian name
in the Procter family and identification is not easy. It has
been surmised that this scholar was the son of Anthony Procter,
ejected vicar of Well, near Bedale, who conformed in 1671, but
the dates forbid the identification, the son of the vicar of Well
being born about 1668 {St. John's College Admissions, ii., 103).
Dr. Peile informed us that Anthony son of John Procter of New-
castle-upon-Tyne was admitted to Christ's College, Cambridge,
1672, and that Anthony son of Thomas Proctor, born at Tawler (?)
Yorkshire was admitted to the same college in 1673. It is prob-
able that the first of the Christ's men was Frankland's scholar,
and that he became a clergyman at Newcastle-upon-Tyne [Records
of the Merchants Adventurers of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, ii., 324).
He graduated B.A. in 1675. There are references to clergymen
of the name in Metcalfe's Ravenstonedale Registers, iii., p. v.,
Kendal and County News, 5th May, 1888 ; Kenyon MSS., p. 228 ;
Nightingale's Ejected, p. 1109; Vic. Co. Hist. Lane, viii , 84, 216).
Anthony Procter was the name of a great grandson of Frankland's
early patron Alderman Brook (Dale's Yorkshire Puritanism) .
3. Thomas Whittaker [Whitaker]. July 6, 1670.
Son of Robert Whitaker, M.D. of Healey, Lancashire. Born
in 1 65 1 and was a member of the Independent Church at Wymond-
houses under Thomas Jolly. Laureated M.A. at Edinburgh, 1674.
In 1675 or 1676 he became minister of the Congregational Church
meeting at the Mainriding house, Leeds. Imprisoned in York
Castle for 18 months. In 1691 his congregation built Call Lane
Chapel and Whitaker remained its minister to his death, 19 Nov.
1 710. He was author of " Comfort for parents mourning over
their children that die young," " The Christian Sanctuary," 1704,
and of a posthumous volume of " Sermons on several occasions,"
1712, the last containing a memoir by Timothy Jolly (Rev.
Bryan Dale : History of early Congregationalism in Leeds. Cong.
Hist. Soc, ii., 314).
4. Henry Ormorett [Ormond D] July 6, 1670.
Being marked D in Heywood's list he had probably died before
1702.
536 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
5. Thomas Elston. July 6, 1670.
M.A. Edinburgh, 1674. In Jolly's Note book (p. 40) is the
passage " I had some speciall encouragement in the grace and
gifts of Mr. EJston and Mr. Issot for the work of the ministry,
as to Mr. E, the grace of God was the more wonderfuU in him.
considering his education, and accordingly hee held forth the
grace of God more abundantly in his ministry." Presumably
Elston's early education was defective, or he had been brought
up in a latitudinarian household. The two men were both
Frankland's pupils so that in preparation for the ministry they
had had equal advantages. Tutor in the family of Samuel
Baker of Wattisfield to the latter end of 1685 (Browne's Congre-
gationalism in Norfolk and Suffolk, p. 470). Minister (Congre-
gational) at Woodchurch, Tinglaw, Topcliffe, Yorkshire, 1684 (?)-
1709, and at Chesterfield 1709 to his death 31 Mar. 1710 aged
59. His funeral sermon, preached by T. Whitaker, is printed
in " Sermons on several occasions," 171 2. He was a " cousin "
of Ralph Thoresby {Diary, ii., 59).
6. Thomas Bailife [Bayly, July 6]. Nov. i, 1670.
Unidentified. O. Heywood {Diaries, iii., 157) mentions a son
of Mr. Samuel Baily of Allerton in Bradford parish, who " preacht
a sweet solid experimental sermon," 24 June 1673. This was
probably Samuel Bailey of Topcliffe, who died 5 Dec. 1675
aged 27.
7. John Holsworth [Holdsworth]. Feb. 20, 1672.
Born at Birstall. Admitted to Christ's College, Cambridge,
30 Jun 1 67 1, but took no degree {Information of Dr. Peile).
Ordained 4 Sep. 1689, when he " had been a preacher
at least twelve years, and was loth to be drawn to this work
through a sense of his own insufficiency ; but we knew him to
be a pious man and a good preacher, and therefore promised to
deal gently with him. He was one of Mr. Frankland's scholars,
but, by reason of his father's low estate, could not continue long
enough, but came home and taught school, and now preacheth
at Morley, Alverthorpe, Pontefract. He did answer tolerably,
and had a good thesis concerning justification, and disputed "
(O. Heywood, quoted by Hunter, p. 363). Married 11 June
1696 to Mary Banke {None. reg.). Minister at Cleckheaton.
Died 15 Dec, 1711 and was bur. at Birstall {None. reg.).
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 53/
8. Jeremiah Farrer [Farrar* July 24 1673]. July 29, 1672.
Laureated M.A. Edinburgh 1676. He became a. preacher, as
appears by two references to his father, Jeremiah Farrar of
Robertstown {None, reg., p. 65, and O. Heywood's Diaries, ii.,
143). The asterick to his name in Heywood's list suggests that
he was a conformist.
9. Samuel Yates [dead]. August 23, 1673.
Only son of Robert Yates, rector of Warrington (ejected
1662). Bap. 18 Nov. 1656. Laureated M.A. Edinburgh,
1677. He began preaching immediately, and in 1678 succeeded
his father as minister of the Warrington nonconformists ;
although at that time there could legally be neither congregation
nor chapel, and he did not survive until legal toleration was
granted. He was buried at Warrington Parish Church 5 July
1683. On 4 Dec 1679, he married Dorothy Peake (grand-
daughter of Charles Herle, M.A., rector of Win wick and
prolocutor of the Assembly of Divines), by whom he had an
only surviving child who became the wife of Matthew Nicholson
of Liverpool. Several of the sons of Matthew Nicholson were
educated by Dr. Rotheram, and descendants have been con-
nected, either as students or committee men, with the Warrington
Academy and its successor Manchester College in its various
localities, one of the present writers being a member of the
committee of Manchester College, Oxford.
10. Robert Whittaker [Whitaker D], August 27, 1673.
Is marked D in Heywood's list and therefore died before 1702.
He was a son of Dr. Robert Whitaker and he or his father is
referred to as " the little medicus Rob. Whitaker," in Zachary
Taylor's Refutation of Mr. Jolly's Vindication, 1699, p. 18. In
his father's will, dated 4 Oct. 1703, he is mentioned as
deceased and a legacy of books is 'eft to his son Joseph {Raines
MSS., xxiii., 323). He was not identical with Robert Wlaitaker
of Fordingbridge, Hants, who had been minister there almost
fifty years at his death in 171 8 (Warren's Funeral sermon, 1718 ;
Calamy, Ace, 91 ; Cont., 128), nor with the son of the Fording-
bridge minister who was still living when Calamy wrote.
11. Timothy Jolly [Jollie]. August 27, 1673.
Son of Thomas Jolly, of Altham (ejected 1662) and after-
wards Independent minister of Wymondhouses. Remained with
Frankland until Dec. 1675, though he appears to have been
538 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
unwilling to return to him in 1674 (Jolly's Note book, p. 19).
Minister of Upper Chapel, Sheffield, 1681-1714. Miall {Cong,
in Yorks, p. 351) says he was a Presbyterian, and he was certainly
ordained by presbyters. But his congregation was Independent
and he was himself inclined that way. Two years after Frank-
land's removal from Attercliffe, Jolly began an academy there,
and educated many distinguished men. He was author of a
" Memorial or Character of T. Whitaker, M.A." included in
Whitaker's Sermons. He is noticed in the D.N.B. and in J. E.
Manning's History of Upper Chapel, p. 27.
12. Thomas Ingham [*]. August 27, 1673.
Son of Robert Ingham of Fulledge, near Burnley. Entered
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, as a sizar, 4 July 1674, and
graduated B.A. 1677 {Information of W. Chawner, M.A., Master
of Emmanuel). Is described as "clerk" in the Preston Guild
rolls, 1682 and 1702. He is " starred " in Heywood's list and
was apparently a conformist, but seems to have been unsatis-
factory to the ecclesiastical authorities. He was " suffered "
to preach at Coppull Chapel, by Wm. Haydock, vicar of Standish.
After Haydock's death (17 13) Ingham was, on a complaint by the
inhabitants, ordered by the Bishop to desist from preaching
there. Having the support of Mr. Samuel Crook of Coppull
(No. 116) Ingham remained at Coppull, but was presented by the
wardens for clandestine marriage, drunkenness and officiating
without the Bishop's licence. Crook quarrelled with Ingham and
locked up the chapel in 171 5 and in December of that year Sir
Edward Chisenhall informed the Bishop that " for ten years
past, Mr. Thomas Ingham had served the cure, and constantly
read the prayers in the Church every Sunday, and gave good
content in his sermons to the inhabitants and all other his
benefactors and hearers " {Preston Guardian Sketches in local
history, 23 March, 1878). He died about 1729.
13. George Carter [*]. August 27, 1673.
Being " starred " in Heywood's list it is probable that he
became a clergyman.
14. John Heapy [*]. Sept. 12, 1673.
Anglican clergyman. Occurs as " Minister of Burtonwood
Chapel " in the Warrington parish registers 1680. There are
confused references to him in Beamont's Warrington church
notes from which it appears that he was buried 1680 (p. 84), was
frankland's pupils. 539
still minister in 1689 (p. 219) and perhaps later (p. 220). Was
perhaps the John Heapy of Fearnhead schoolmaster whose
will was proved 1730 {Index to Chester wills). A Warrington
person of the same name and his wife Elizabeth were in 1677
presented for absence from church {Visitation papers, Chester,
1677).
15. John Issot [D]. Feb. 20, 1674 [i.e., 1673-4].
Frankland's assistant, of whom there is a fuller notice in the
present volume (p. 199).
To Natland.
16. John Heywood. May 26, 1674.
Son of the Rev. Oliver Heywood (ejected 1662). Born 18
bap. 27 April 1656 at Northowram. Proceeded to Edin-
burgh University, 1676. Laureated M.A. 1677. Ordained 1681.
School teacher at Kirkheaton 1678. Minister in Craven 1678-
1681 ; at Rotherham, 1693-5 • Pontefract, 1694-1704. Died at
Balifield, near Sheffield. Bur. at Hansworth, 6 Sep. 1704 (O.
Heywood's Diaries : W. Blazeby's Rotherham ; the Old Meeting
House, p. 93-97). One of his letters is printed in Letters addressed
to R. Thoreshy.
17. Eliezer Heywood. May 26, 1674.
Brother of No. 16. Born at Northowram, 18 Apr. 1657.
Graduated at Edinburgh 1677 but does not appear to have
received his degree of M.A. until 1708 {Edinburgh graduates, p.
183). Ordained i June 1687. Chaplain in the family of Mr.
Taylor at Walling Wells 1678-1699. Minister at Dronfield to
his death 20 May 1730. Ancestor of the Hey woods of Mansfield
and Nottingham (O. Heywood's Diaries).
18. Thomas Cotton. [May 26] June 3, 1674.
Son of an ironmaster in Yorkshire. Was at Mr. Hickman's
before going to Natland. M.A. Edinburgh 1677. Travelled
abroad with young gentlemen and on his return had an offer
of a living if he would conform. Ordained at Northowram 25
Nov. 1696 by Oliver Heywood and others. Minister at
Hoxton, Ware in Hertfordshire, and St. Giles in the Fields,
Bloomsbury. He was a minister of great eminence when in
London and in 1 719 took the liberal side in the agitation respecting
subscription to the Trinity. He died in 1730 and was bur. in
Bunhill Fields. His sermon before the Societies for Reformation
540 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of Manners was printed in 1702 (Toulmin's History, p. 255;
Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 390).
19. Christopher Richardson. June 3, 1674.
Only son of Cliristopher Richardson, M.A. of Lassells Hall,
Kirkheaton (ejected Rector of Kirkheaton, and finally minister
in Liverpool) of whom there is a notice in D.N.B. The son was
bap. at Kirkheaton, 15 June 1656, and had studied with Mr.
Hickman before going to Natland (Hey wood's Diaries, i. 334).
He was laureated M.A. at Edinburgh, 1677. In 1683 his father
gave him the Lassells Hall estate, and there he resided to his
death. He was bur. at Kirkheaton 28 Aug. 1721. It is not
known that he was a minister and it is assumed that he was
engaged in tuition. He was twice married and had a large
family. Pedigrees of his descendants appear in Crisp's Visitation,
vol. 5, and Notes, vol. 6 {Inforination of Mr. Wm. Ridley Richard-
son, M.A., of Ravensfell, Bromley, Kent, a descendant).
20. GoDSGiFT Kirby [Gods-gift Kerby]. June 3, 1674.
Only son of Joshua Kirby, M.A. of Wakefield (ejected 1662).
Was laureated M.A. at Edinburgh 1677. In 1681 Thoresby
{Diary, i. 109) described him as " a religious and ingenious young
minister." He died at Cold Hindley 22 Nov. 1686, aged 28,
and was bur. at Wakefield. Heywood styles him " a scholler,
a young preacher, hopeful" {Diaries ii. 149).
21. John Bowles [D]. June 20, 1674.
Being marked D in Heywood's list had, presumably, died
before 1702.
22. [Richard Foxcroft.* June 20, 1674].
Starred in Heywood's list, and probably became a clergyman.
Dr. Peile informed us that a person of the same name was admitted
to Christ's College, Cambridge, 29 May 1673, aged 16, being
described as son of Edward and born at Thornton, Yorks, and
educated at Kirkby Lonsdale. He did not take his B.A. degree
until 1677-8, an unusually long time, which leaves room for a
year or so with Frankland. He was ordained deacon by the
Archbishop of York June 1679 and priest Feb. 1680-1. From
1686 to 1701 he was Incumbent of Hoole. The " Mr. Foxcroft
a Leicester conformable minister " who is mentioned by O.
Heywood in 1695 {Yorks. County Mag., p. 16) 'was probably
John Foxcroft who preached an assize sermon at Leicester in
1697-
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 54I
23. John Nessbatt [Nisbet D. Jan. 24, 1674-5]. June 28,
1674.
Perhaps the John Nisbett who was laureated M.A. at Edinburgh
1680. Toulmin identifies him with John Nesbitt, {1661-1727)
an Independent minister. As this identification would make
this student only 13 at entrance, it is improbable. Moreover
this scholar is one of those marked D. in Heywood's list, and was
therefore dead before 1702. There is a good notice, by Alex.
Gordon, of John Nesbitt in the D.N.B. which does not identify
him with Frankland's scholar.
24. Joseph Boyce [Boys, April 16 1675]. April 16, 1674.
A native of Leeds and a friend and life-long correspondent of
Ralph Thoresby who describes him [Ducahis, App. 118) as " em-
inent for his polemical and practical tracts." In a letter to
Thoresby [Corresp., i., 288) Boyse gives a list of his works
and a brief autobiography : " You know I had never the honour
of any residence at our public Universities, having been only
three years under Mr. Frankland's care, and about two under
Mr. [Edward] Veal's at London. My first essays in preaching
were for three quarters of a year with the worthy Mr. French, at
Sir Thomas Roberts's in Kent. I then spent three quarters of a
year more in the Countess of Donegal's family in London. Thence
I went over to Holland, and spent near that time (chiefly) in
Amsterdam, where I preached in what they call the Brownist
Church, and had the unusual hap, though a known Presbyterian,
to be kindly treated by a congregation of very sour Independents.
I thence came into Yorkshire, and was thence frighted (you know
how) into a compliance with an unexpected invitation to Ireland,
September, a.d. 1683, where I was ordained to Wood-street
congregation the February following, 83-4, and have since con-
tinued iTiy ministry there now these twelve years, excepting
what interruption the troubles here gave me for about a year
and four or five months. And thus you have a short account
of the several steps of my short pilgrimage." He remained at
Wood Street until his death in 1728. In this sketch of his life
Boyse omits to mention what must have been one of his earliest
engagements. On 4 July 1680 he preached at Newington-green,
and amongst his hearers was Thoresby who says {Diary, i., 48)
" Which I rejoiced in as the first fruits of our generation." Boyse
lodged with Thoresby in 1699 when he returned to his native
place to marry Rachel Ibbetson {Diary, i., 328). Boj'se was at
jirst co-pastor of Wood Street with Dr. Daniel Williams, founder
542 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of Dr. Williams's Library, and he afterwards had as his assistant
Thomas Emlyn, the Unitarian, " till a difference arose between
them upon the doctrine of the Trinity. The conduct of Mr.
Boyse on that occasion subjected him to much severe censure."
(Smith's Bibliotheca Anti-Qviakeriana, p. 82).
25. Shadrack Sherburne [Shadrach Sherburn, April 22,
1675]. April 22, 1674.
Probably identical with Sydrah Shereborne, of Brayton, York-
shire, son of Robert Shereborne, clerk, who was admitted to
St. John's College, Cambridge, as a sizar, 22 June 1675 aged 18.
In the College Admissions (Part IL 55) he is described as " bred
at Selby." He graduated B.A. 1678. The father, Robert
Sherborne, M.A. was ejected from Cawood in 1662, but appears
to have conformed subsequently as he became assistant to his
father the Vicar of Brayton.
26. David Lister [D]. May 12, 1675.
Elder son of Joseph Lister of Bradford. Was dedicated by
his parents " to the Lord's work and service in the Lord's ministry,
if he would please to accept of him." In the school of Mr. Noble
at Morley he " profited much . . . till he was fit for university
learning, but it was not convenient for me to send him to the
university at this time, I therefore let him remain another year
with his old master to learn logick ; and in that time he became
a good proficient in the art, before he went to Mr. Frankland "
(J. Lister's Autobiography). He was at Natland for three and a
half years, died at the Academy and was buried at Kendal in
1677. The account of his death is quoted on p. 129.
Joseph Lister had another son. Accepted Lister, minister at
Kipping, in whose ordination Frankland took part in 1694.
According to Hunter, Accepted Lister had been a pupil of Frank-
land's, but he does not occur in any of the lists (Hunter's O.
Hey wood, p. 379).
27. DiLiVERANCE Lartham [DELIVERANCE Larkham, June 10,
1675]- j3-i^- lO' 1676 [i.e., 1675-6].
Son of George Larkham, M.A. of Cockermouth (ejected 1662)
and grandson of Thomas Larkham, M.A., of Tavistock (ejected
1662) . Born at Cockermouth 9 June 1658. He was under Frank-
land for a short time only as in May 1677 he went to London " for
his better training for the work of the Lord in the ministry."
Became a member of the Cockermouth Church in 1681 and in 1694
frankland's pupils. 543
was invited to assist his father. He appears to have been minister
at Launceston at tlais time. Afterwards Independent minister
at Exeter and died 1723 (Lewis's Cockermouth Church, Evans's
List) .
28. Eliezer Birch. Feb. 9, 1676 [i.e., 1675-6].
Son of Robert Birch, minister of Birch (ejected 1662), and
afterwards a pliysician and nonconformist minister. Ehezer was
minister at Congleton, 1678 ?-i688, Dean Row, 1688-1707, and
Yarmouth, 1 707-1 710. In 1710 (according to Evans's Record)
or 1 71 2 (according to Baker's Memorials) he became minister of
Cross Street Cliapel, Mancliester, and so continued to his death
12 May 1 71 7. He is described in the None. reg. as " a man of
eminent ministerial abihties." He was ordained twice, first as a
CongregationaUst, and secondly, prior to his removal to Yarmouth,
by presbyters.
29. John Down [Downes, Mar. 30, 1676]. Feb. 9, 1676 [i.e.,
1675-6].
Perhaps the " Mr. Downs " who was minister of Bridport in
Jan. 1691-2 when he received a grant from the Presbyterian
Fund {Minutes, i., 58), and if so may have been a son of Richard
Down, of Bridport, one of the ejected ministers of 1662, who died
in August 1687 (Calamy's Cont., 416).
30. Timothy Hallyday [Haliday D]. Mar. 30, 1676.
Timothy Haliday, probably a native of Leeds or its neighbour-
hood, was assistant minister, Wood Street, Dublin to 1683 when
he died. The other minister, Joseph Boyse (No. 24), refers to
the sale of his books in a letter dated 10 May 1684 (Thoresby's
Correspondence, i., 52). From this letter it appears that Haliday
owed a small sum to Mr. Gardiner of Kendal which Boyse
promises "shall be discharged as soon as we can sell his books."
31. Richard Sykes. Mar. 30, 1676.
M.A. Edin. 1680. We have not identified this student. He
was not the " worthy Mr. Sykes " mentioned by Thoresby
{Diary, i., 80). Thoresby's friend was Richard son of Richard
Sykes, Rector of Spofforth, and was 23 years old when this Richard
Sykes went to Natland.
32. John Ray. Mar. 30, 1676.
Minister at Pudsey and Closes, Cleckheaton. Ordained 4 Sep.
1689 (Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 363), and died 17 Sep. 1699,
544 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
aged 40 {None. reg.). In Feb. 1688-9 he married Susanna dau.
of Mr. Dickson, clerk, of Whitchurch (Hunter's Familiae minorum
gentium, p. 891).
33. Jos. [Joseph] Whitworth. August 17, 1676.
Was still with Frankland in June 1679 (Hey wood's Diaries,
ii., 97). In 1685 he had a school at Falinge, Rochdale. Dr.
Clegg, who was one of his pupils, says Whitworth " was not then
allowed to preach, but was permitted to teach a good number
of scholars for a time, and after an Indulgence was granted,
he became assistant to Mr. Pendlebury and preached at Roach-
dale. Afterwards he removed to Cockey Chappell and was one
of the Lecturers at Bolton : he was a good man but exceeding
passionate and of a melancholy temper" (Clegg's Diary, p. 17).
He was apparently living in Rochdale in 1695 as Henry Pendlebury
names him as distributor of his legacy to the poor of that town.
The date when he became minister at Cockey (Ainsworth) Chapel
is uncertain. Mr. George Eyre Evans [Vestiges, p. 2) gives the
dates of his ministry there as " 1719 ?-i722 ?," but he was there
much earlier than 1719 as on 31 May 1711 Joseph Whitworth
of Cockey was married {None, reg., where Cockey is spelled Coley),
and in 171 3 Mrs. Sarah Pendlebury names as one of her executors
" Mr. Joseph Whittworth Minister at Cocky." He had been
minister at Cockey " neare 25 yeares " before his death Feb. 13
1 72 1 [-2], aged 65. It is probable that he had been twice married,
as on 15 Jan. 1684-5 Joseph Whitworth and Ellen Hide were
married at Middleton.
Another Joseph Whitworth became minister of Spalding shortly
before 8 Nov. 1714 and had an allowance from the Presbyterian
Fund which ceased the following year. On 6 Oct. 171 8 the
allowance to Oswestree [Oswestry] was continued to Mr. Joseph
Whitworth, and on 3 Oct. 1720 the allowance made to Oswestry
was continued, from the death of Mr. Whitworth, to Mr. Nathaniel
Edwards. The two Whitworths have been confused.
34. Robert Langstaff [*]. August 22, 1676.
Being starred in Heywood's list it is probable that he became
a clergyman, but we know nothing of his career.
The elaborate history of the Langstaff family contains, so far
as we can find, only one Robert who could be identical with this
scholar, i.e., Robert son of William Langstaff of West Auckland,
mason, the date of whose birth, 23 April, 1658, is given in the
register of St. Helen, Auckland.
frankland's pupils. 545
35. John Byrom [Byram]. March 17, 1676-7.
According to Heginbotham [Stockport, ii., 27, 28) Byrom was-
an Independent and was minister at Stockport circa 1680-1697.
This is probably too early as Byrom is described as of the parish
of Prestbury in 1691, when he married Mary Booth. In 1693
he is described as of Stockport {DiikinfLeld register) and he remained
there at least to 1697. From 1701 ? to his death 9 Sep. 1709 he
was minister at Lydgate, near Holmfiirth. His wife was bur.
9 Sep. 1706 [None. reg.).
36. Edmund Butler. March 24, 1676-7.
Eldest son of Thomas Butler, esq. of Kirkland, Garstang, whose
father had been a royahst captain during the Civil War. Born
about 1 66 1 and died young.
37. Samuel Angier [D. April 24, 1677]. April 24, 1676.
Son of John Angier, M.A. (Harvard), Vicar of Deane, Lancashire,.
who was the son of John Angier, the nonconforming but not
ejected minister of Denton. The latter, by his will, left ;^i2 a
year for four and a half years in order that Samuel " might be
brought up in learning." Samuel was ordained in 1687 and was
minister of Toxteth Park Chapel from before 1690 to his death
20 Feb. 1697-8 [Inquirer, 26 Oct. 1912, p. 725).
38. Robert Meek [*]. April 24, 1677.
Starred in Heywood's list. He was the son of the Rev. William
Meeke of Salford (d. 1658). Born there 30 Dec. 1656. M.A.
Edinburgh 1680. Curate of Slaithwaite 1685 (perhaps earlier
as he is described as of Slaughwait in 1682 in None, reg., p. 45).
to 1724. Ordained (priest ?) 22 Sep. 1689. Founded the Free
School at Slaithwaite, 1721. Died 31 May 1724. " Extracts
from the diary of the Rev. Robert Meeke," edited by H. J. Moor-
house, was published 1874. His diary shows that though Meeke
had conformed he was tolerant of those who were not able to do
so. In 1690 he wrote " Read some part of Mr. Baxter's English
Nonconformity : it is sad to read — to consider of the divisions
which are amongst us. Lord remove the cause, and grant us
peace. Let not things indifferent cause so much difference.
Let there be no such Act of Uniformity, to occasion our deformity.
Take away such unnecessary terms of union as breed divisions.
Though I can submit to many things which others cannot ; yet
I would not have able and worthy men to be cast out of the
church, because they cannot. Lord grant to England's rulers-
2 N
546 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
a spirit of wisdom, to know and heal our distempers, and unite
their hearts to make up our breaches." At a later date he states
that he and the Dissenters preached the same doctrines and that
the difference was only in " garments, gestures and words," and
he wished for a method by which " all pious, peaceable and sound
divines, may agree to worship the sacred Trinity with reverence
and Godly fear."
39. Nathaniel [Nathanael] Heywood. April 25, 1677.
Eldest son of Nathaniel Heywood, B.A., ejected vicar of
Ormskirk. Bap. at Ormskirk 4 July 1659. M.A. Edinburgh
1680, and afterwards studied with his uncle Oliver Heywood.
•Chaplain to Mr. Dickins in Staffordshire 1683-4. Minister at
■Ormskirk probably from about 1687, when he was ordained.
Suffered much from melancholia and had several long illnesses
which took him entirely off preaching. He is no doubt the
" unidentified " Mr. Heywood who was present at a meeting of
United Brethren 4 Sep. 1694 (A- Gordon's Dob Lane Chapel, p. 25).
Bur. at Ormskirk 28 Oct. 1704. Administration granted to his
Avidow 12 May 1711. In the bond he is described as " Nathaniel
Hewood of Ormskirk, gentleman." He was married three times.
From his eldest son Benjamin Heywood, of Drogheda, merchant,
-descended the great banking family of Liverpool, Manchester and
Wakefield, of which Sir Benjamin Heywood, ist bart., James
Heywood, F.R.S. and John Pemberton Heywood were members.
From this student's sister Mrs. Cropper are descended the Nichol-
sons of Manchester, to which family one of the present writers
belongs.
40. Robert Shaw [D]. May 3, 1677.
Being marked D in Heyv/ood's list he was dead before 1702.
41. Robert Carr [Carre]. June 20, 1677.
Perhaps Robert Carr esq., of North Biddic, co. Durham, whose
will is dated 18 Oct. 171 2. He was of a Houghton-le-Spring
family.
42. Henry Latham. Octob. 5, 1677.
The Monthly repository (vi., 205) says he was " father of Dr.
Latham, a physician at Newcastle, who was one of the hearers
of Mr. Benjamin Bennet, and published some of his posthumous
discourses."
43. Jos. Eaton [Joseph Eaton]. April 4, 1678.
Martha Hall of Sandbach, widow of the Rev. Joseph Hall
frankland's pupils. 547
of Church Lawton, left by will (dated 1684 and proved 1686) to
Mr. Joseph Eaton son of John Eaton of Eaton all her books and her
late husband's manuscripts. She was a churchwoman and the
identity of the Joseph Eaton whom she befriended, with Frank-
land's pupil is not certain. Entered Leyden university as a
medical student 9 Oct. 1685, being then aged 30. He graduated
M.D. in 1686, his thesis for the doctorate " Disputatio de Verti-
gine " being printed, and in 1713 became a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians (Munk's Roll, ii., 38, and British Museum
catalogue). Ordained at Warrington Jan. 1687-8 (Heywood's
Diaries, ii., 24). He was minister successively at Macclesfield,
Nottingham and Colchester, and perhaps also at Wivenhoe and
Wick.
" Dr. Eaton left Macclesfield some time after this, and remov'd
to Nottingham, and then into the South ; I think to, or near
Colchester, and thence to London : applying himself wholly to
the Practice of Physick, in which he did good service. There I
met, and had a good deal of agreeable Conversation with him,
in October 1724. He delighted much, to hear and talk of his
Brethren, and the good old Christians of his Acquaintance in
Cheshire and Derbyshire. He was congregational in his Judg-
ment, but moderate and candid to those of different Sentiments :
He had a genteel Spirit, and a cheerful Temper, and arriv'd at
a good old Age " (Clegg's Life of Ashe, p. 60).
44. Samuel Leech [Leach* April 14]. April 17, 1678.
Son of Joseph Leech of Woodhouses, Ashton-under-Lyne and
afterwards of Newton, Manchester, chapman. Born 20 Nov.
1660, bap. 28 Nov. at Ashton-under-Lyne. M.A. Edinburgh,
1680. He is starred in Heywood's list and it does not appear
that he was ever a nonconformist minister, though he was 27
when, on 25 Sep. 1687, he was ordained deacon and was con-
firmed in the curacy of Stockport (Cartwright's Diary, pp. 80, 81).
His death is recorded in the Dukinfield register, 19 March 1693 [-4]
" Samuel son of Joseph Leech at Sheffield " and his burial is
recorded in the Sheffield parish register, 21 Mar. 1693-4, as
" Samuelus Leech, minister." The death in 1694 of " my old
friend Mr. Leech " is mentioned by Meeke " He hath left a widow
and eight children ; was some years— two or three — younger than
I, and now he is gone " (Meeke's Diary, p. 74). He was married
at Manchester 14 Feb. 1680-1 to Mary Holland, who was living
in 1697 when her father-in-law named her in his will. Leech's
sister Hannah was the wife of John Chorlton (No. 88), and his
548 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
stepmother was the widow of the Rev. John Jolly, brother of
Thomas Jolly of Altham. Another clergyman of the same name
died also at Sheffield, 3 Aug. 1693, only a few months before
Frankland's scholar. Dr. Ernest B. Leech, son of the late Sir
Bosdin T. Leech, has supplied us with information about his
kinsman.
45. Peter Finch. May 3, 1678.
Son of Henry Finch, Vicar of Walton-on-the-Hill, Lancashire
(ejected 1662), and afterwards minister of Birch Chapel and
founder of Piatt Chapel, Manchester. Peter Finch was born
6 Oct. 1661. Laureated M.A. Edinburgh 1680. He was minister
at Norwich from 1692 to 1754, in which year he died on 6 Oct.,
his 93rd birthday. Dr. John Taylor, who preached his funeral
sermon, said " he survived almost all the 300 gentlemen that
in the space of 30 years were educated in that Academy."
46 John Frankland [D]. May 3, 1678.
The Tutor's son, of whom there is a notice in our account of
Frankland (p. 193).
47. Thomas Lea. May 11, 1678.
Minister at Upton 1683 ? to 1709 and Knutsford Aug. 1709
to 17 May 1733 when he died aged 77. Bur. in Knutsford Chapel
(Evans's Record, p. 78).
48. George Henshaw. May 11, 1678.
Probably the person of that name who entered at Leyden as
a student of medicine, 2 Oct. 1683 and was tlien 22 {Album
Studiosorum). Hugh Henshaw, ejected from Chelford, Cheshire
1662, and a licensed teacher 1672 (Turner's Original records,
p. 693) may have been a relation.
49. John Lister. June 4, 1678.
He was not a brother of David Lister (No. 26). His grand-
father died at Bolton near Bradford, 23 July 16S3 (Heywood's
Diaries, ii., 147) at wlrich time John was already a preacher.
Ordained 4 Sep. 1689 (Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 363). He was
minister at Elland in 1691 and was afterwards at Tingley or
Topcliffe. He died 11 April 1707 after a short illness and was
bur. at Tingley {None. reg.).
50. Ralph Butler [D]. June 4, 1678.
Younger brother of Edmund (No. 36). Drowned about May,
1679. Oliver Heywood relates the circumstances {Diaries, ii..
frankland's pupils. 549
264) " About a month before this Mr. Butler justice of peace
in Lane, his younger son who had been with Mr. Frankland near,
went to see his relations, he and Mr. Tilslys (a great papist) his
son went a bathing them, had a mind to learn to swim, Tilsly
told him he must goe into a deep place if he would learn to swim,
Butler went in a deep place, got over head, Tilsly leapt in after
him, swore a great oath he could bring him out, but Butler gets
hold of him, so they were both drowned a dreadfull providence."
51. John Williamson. July 10, 1678.
52. Samuel Hallows. Sept. 20, 1678.
Probably Samuel Hallowes esq. of Dethick, the son of Samuel
Hallowes esq. of Norton, co. Derby. He was bap. 11 Sep. 1659
and married Elizabeth daughter and heiress of Thomas Woolhouse
gent, of Glapwell, which estate he acquired in right of his wife.
(Several of their children were baptized by Mr. Jolly of Sheffield
Hunter's FamilicB minoruni gentium, p. 469). See No. 112 for
another Samuel Hallows.
53. Jos. COPPENDALE [JOSEPH COPPENDAL D]. April I, 1678
[1679].
Being marked D in Heywood's list was dead before 1702.
The Coppendales were connected with the congregation at Morley,
Yorkshire.
54 Gamaliel Jones. April 16, 1678 [1679].
Son of John Jones, M.A. (Camb.), of Marple, one of the ejected
ministers, whose views were congregationalist. Gamaliel who was
ordained at Warrington, Jan. 1687-8 (Heywood's Diaries, ii., 24),
was minister of a congregation meeting at Chadkirk in Stockport
parish. Chadkirk chapel was recovered by the Establishment
and a chapel at Hatherlow was built by Jones's congregation
(Cocks's Memorials of Hatherlow). Gamaliel Jones has been,
regarded as a Congregationalist, but his ordination wa,s Presby-
terian, and his chapel received grants from the Presbyterian
Fund through a large part of the i8th century. He died 171 7.
His will, in which he describes himself as " of Marple, clerk,"
shows that he possessed copies of " Dr. Collings Book upon
Providence," Pool's "English Annotations," a "little Bible
with silver clasps " which had been his mother's, and other books,
a tenement at Tarporley and a house at Marple. The personalty
was valued at ^89 9s. iid. The children mentioned include
two sons Gamaliel and John, the latter his successor at Hatherlow,
550 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
but there is no reference to Joshua Jones, minister of Cross Street
. Chapel, Manchester, who has been stated to have been a son of
Gamahel.
55. William Horne [Heap]. June 10, 1678 [1679].
Has not been identified. John Horne of Lynn, Norfolk, was
one of the ejected ministers, and another " Mr. Horn " took part
in the ordination, at Nottingham, of Thomas Hill of Findern,
6 and 7 April 1703 (Carpenter's Presbyterianism in Nottingham,
V- 123).
56. Thomas Buckley [Buckly, June 10]. June 18, 1679.
He is presumably the Mr. Buckley who in May 1682 rode with
Oliver Heywood from Kendal to Barton, and may perhaps be,
though we are not anxious to prove the identity, the Mr. Buckley
against whom a verdict of wilful murder was returned by a
coroner's jury for killing Mr. Samuel Crook (No. 116), 9 Aug.
1722 {None. reg.). Frankland's pupil is probably the " Thomas
Buckle, Lancastria Anglus," who on 25 July 1682, when aged
21, became a medical student at Leyden [Album studiosorum) .
57. John Gledhill [Gleadil, June 28]. Octob. i, 1679.
His father " was a most excellent person, a man of eminent
piety and great knowledge, who carried on a flourishing trade
with good reputation." Born in Yorkshire 1661. Entered the
ministry at a time of persecution. [Funeral sermon.) Was
admitted a member of the Congregational church at Topcliffe
1691 and dismissed 15 July 1694 to be pastor of a Congregational
church at Colchester. There he continued to his death 10 Dec.
1727 (Miall's Cong, in Yorkshire, p. 383). " He was a great
admirer of the Free-Grace of God in Christ." " He was a hearty
sincere, and faithful friend, dearly loved his brethren in the
ministry, and lived with great brotherly affection and confidence
with his neighbour and friend, good and worthy Mr. Gibson [sic
for Gilson], for thirty four years together without the least strife
or discord." Gilson was minister of the Presbyterian congre-
gation at Colchester. John Barker preached Gledhill's funeral
sermon, which was printed. One of Gledhill's letters is printed
in Letters addressed to Ralph Thoresby, but the editor of that
collection was unable to identify the writer.
58. Thomas Whalley [Aug. 27]. Oct. 3, 1679
Probably son of Thomas Whalley of Rishton, gent, a member
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 55I
of the Blackburn Classis. Was one of the ministers concerned
in the " Surey Demoniack " case. He was the minister elected by
the nonconformist trustees of Hindley Chapel about 1690 and was
in possession for a time. Litigation followed and finally Hindley
Chapel was secured by the Establishment and consecrated 1698
{Documents relating to Hindley). Whalley was minister of the
nonconformist chapel at Hindley, opened 1700, until his death
or shortly before it. He was buried at Blackburn 3 July, 1706,
the register describing him as " Thomas Whalley of Blackburn,
a Dissenting Minister " [Preston Guardian Sketches in local history.
No. 357. None, reg., Nightingale's Lane, none, iv., 7, 8). Is said
to have been M.A. but his degree is very doubtful and Canon
Raines's statement " Thomas Hindley, gent, having married a
dau. of the Rev. Thomas Whalley, M.A. of Hindley, and Mary his
wife, dau. and co-heiress of William Walker of Lower Place, near
Rochdale, gent., had two sons John Hindley of Hindley, gent and
Mr. Robert Hindley, rector of Aughton " may be accurate but
cannot refer to the nonconformist minister as Robert Hindley, his
presumed grandson, was presented to Aughton 8 Jan. 1 700-1 and
was already M.A. and therefore too old to be Whalley's grandson
unless Whalley was a middle-aged man when he went to the
Academy.
59. John Billingsley [Billingsly, Sep. i]. Oct. 5, 1679.
Son of John Billingsley, M.A. sometime of Addingham, Cumber-
land, and afterwards of Chesterfield (ejected 1662). Born about
1657. Was for a time a member of Trinity College, Cambridge,
and afterwards studied successively under Edward Reyner of
Lincoln, his father and his uncle John Whitlock M.A. of Notting-
ham (ejected 1662). Apparently his education was completed
under Frankland, though that tutor is not mentioned in Dr.
Harris's funeral sermon on Billingsley. He was ordained at
Mansfield, 28 Sep. 1681 (Heywood's Diaries, ii., 24). Minister
at Selston for 7 years and at Bowl Alley Lane, Hull, for 10 years.
Assistant minister at Crutched Friars, London from 1706 to his
death 2 May 1722, at the age of 64. Bur. in Bunhill Fields.
He was author of about a dozen works published between 1690
and 1723. In the Salters' Hall synod in 1719 he " divided with
those who were against subscribing ; not from any disaffection
to the doctrine, but because he apprehended it interfered with
the fundamental principle of Protestant Dissent, The unlawful-
ness of requiring subscription to human tests in matters of
religion " (Wilson's Dissenting Churches, i., 77-82).
552 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
60. William Hutchinson [D]. Nov. 23, 1679.
Being marked D in Hey wood's list he was dead before 1702.
Perhaps the " Mr. Willm Hutchinson " who on 16 Dec. 1700
presented a book to Roger Anderton (No. 99).
61. Samuel Farrow [Farrand*]. Feb. 3, 1679-80.
Being starred in Hey wood's Ust he probably became a clergy-
man. He may be identical with Samuel Ferrand, Rector of
Todwick, and from 1704 to his death about 1733, Vicar of Rother-
ham. He was son of Benjamin Ferrand of Harden Beck, York-
shire, and was bap. at Bingley 24 Feb. 1664.
62. Adam Holland. March 2, 1679-80.
Was aged 22 when, in 1686, he entered at Leyden as a student
of medicine {Album studiosorum) . Graduated M.D., his disserta-
tion " De hysterica passione " being printed in 1687. On 27
Sep. 1692 he was ordained at Knutsford (Tong's M. Henry, p.
189). Minister at Middlewich 1692 to 1702, and at Macclesfield
from 1703 to his death in April 1716. His will in which he is
described as of " Macclesfield, gentleman " was proved at Chester,
1 71 7. He is possibly the " Mr. Holland of Cheshire " who had
a grant from the Congregational Fund in 1696 {Cong. Hist. Soc,
v., 143)-
■63. Charles Sanderson. March 20, 1679-80.
Nephew of Mrs. Frankland, being son of her brother Peter,
a Newcastle merchant. Probably Charles Sanderson of London,
gent, living 1699 (Coleman's Catalogue, No. 161).
64. Henry Mitchel [D]. March 22, 1679-80.
Is marked D. and was therefore dead before 1702. May perhaps
be the person referred to by Jolly : — " One Mitchell a young man
of litle acquaintance with the principles of relligion leavend with
corrupt opinions and of mean gifts, yet took upon him to preach "
[1687] {Note book, p. 88).
65. John Carrington [Carington]. March 27, 1680.
A native of Cheshire. Was ordained 4 Sep. 1689, being then
minister of Lancaster. At his ordination examination Carrington
astonished the ordaining ministers by his fluency. " He stood
at a chair-back and poured out a discourse in Latin (which seemed
to be extempore, I am sure it was memoriter) concerning ordination,
proving the validity of ordination by a presbytery and answering
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 553
objections." When making confession he " ran through the
whole body of divinity, according to Mr. Baxter's Methodus
Theologies, going through the four states of man, namely innocency,
apostacy, recovery, glory. He was indeed very large, but exact
and accurate, and had it all in his memory " (O. Haywood, quoted
by Hunter, p. 363-365). In 1697 he was " presented " for per-
forming the marriage ceremony {Bolton-le- Sands Parish register,
p. 98). He remained at Lancaster to his death in March 1 700-1,
at the age of 48. In his time the congregation there were unable
to raise above ;/|20 per annum {Presbyterian Fund Minutes, ii.,
45). Carrington is best remembered for his share in the " Surey
Demoniack " case and wrote the pamphlet which originated the
controversy (Nightingale, Lane, none, i., 24 ; Thoresby's Diary,
i., 296 ; Ante, p. 175).
66. Thomas Heyworth [Heaward D]. April 2, 1680.
Is marked D. in Heywood's list and had therefore died before
1702.
67. Jonathan Wright. April 13, 1680.
Son of Joseph Wright of Hipperholme. Bap. at Northowram
18 Dec. 1659 by Oliver Hey wood. Was still at Kendal in Nov.
1682. Preached his first sermon 2 Jan. 1683-4 (Heywood's
Diaries, iv., 103). Preacher at Idle and Horton. Ordained in
1694 and soon afterwards settled at Hove Edge (Lightcliffe)
where he had a congregation which did not continue after his
death. He died 25 June 1727 and was buried in Halifax parish
churchyard. He married 20 Nov. 1700 Dorothy widow of the
Rev. W. Courlass or Corlesse, a lady who had an extraordinary
memory. She could bring home the greater part of a sermon
she had heard, as well as if it had been written in shorthand
{None. reg. ; Turner's Halifax books and authors, p. 113).
One of his letters is printed in Letters addressed to R. Thoresby,
with the inaccurate statement that the writer was curate of
Lightcliffe.
68. Abraham Dawson. April 13, 1680.
Eldest son of Joseph Dawson, of Morley, one of the ejected
ministers. Born 7 May 1663. He was still with Frankland in
May 1682. Preached his first sermon 2 Jan. 1683-4 (O. Heywood's
Diaries, W., lOT,). Ordained at Attercliffe, 11 Sep. 1688. Minister
at Stannington, 1689-1696 and at Cottingham, 1696 to his death
5 Feb. 1732-3. Brother of Nos. 169, 203 and 204.
554 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
69. John Reddish [D]. April 14, 1680.
Being marked D. he was dead before 1702. Possibly the
John son of George Reddish, buried at Ringley 26 Dec. 1680
{Prestwich parish register).
John Reddid, minister of Whitby, whose name so closely
resembles that of Frankland's scholar, was of Jolly's academy
and died in 1729 (Miall's Cong, in Yorks., p. 379; Bradford
antiquary, n.s., i., 465).
70. Jeremiah Aldred [June 10]. June 18, 1680.
Son of James Aldred of Monton whose burial is thus recorded
in the Eccles parish register 20 Jan. 1718-9 " James Aldred
Fathr of Jeremy, Barn preachr." Ordained at Attercliffe 11
Sep. 1688. Is stated by Hunter (Add. MSS., 24484, fo. 121) to
have been minister at Horwich in 1693, which is probably the
case as he attended, from the Bolton district, the meetings of
the Lancashire ministers, 1694-1699. Afterwards he is described
as of the Manchester district (Shaw's Manchester Classis,
351-364). He was minister of Monton from 1699 or 1700 to his
death 26 Aug. 1729 aged 68. He was invited to succeed Matthew
Henry at Chester. In 1 716 he preached a sermon in commemora-
tion of Preston Fight which was published under the title of
" The history of Saul and David, and the xiiith of Romans,
consider'd." Monton Chapel was one of those damaged by the
mob in 1715, the leader being Thomas Syddall, who was executed
for his share in the rebellion of that year.
71. William Harrison [D]. June 24, 1680.
Son of Cuthbert Harrison, B.A. of Bankfield, Kirkham, who
was ejected from an Irish living in 1662. A manuscript account
of his family written by the Rev. Ralph Harrison, of Cross Street
Chapel, says " The above Cuthbert Harrison had children — i.
William, who died soon after he had finished his studies under
Mr. Frankland, without issue." He was bur. at Kirkham 22
Nov. 1 68 1. The Harrisons have been distinguished for many
generations alike for their nonconformity and their love of music.
The former has continued since the time of Cuthbert Harrison,
the ejected minister. His grandson the Rev. William Harrison
of Chinley played the violin. The son of the Chinley minister
was the Rev. Ralph Harrison, composer of the famous hymn
tune " Warrington." The Rev. Ralph's son John, grandson
the Rev. Dr. John Harrison and great grandson Mr. John
Harrison, late President of the British and Foreign Unitarian
frankland's pupils. 555
Association, continued the musical traditions of the family (E.
Axon's Harrison Ainsworth's maternal ancestors, Trans. L. cS- C.
Antiq. Soc, xxix., 12s).
72. Alexander Rokeby [Rookby]. June 28, 1680.
Son of William Rokeby, of Ackworth Park, and nephew of
Sir Thomas Rokeby, a friend of Frankland's. Alexander was
born, 26 May 1664, at Ackworth Park, and died s.p. probably
before 8 May 1683 {Genealogist, n.s., xvi., 53). He was brother
of No. 134.
73. Nicholas Kirshaw [Kershaw, 7 July]. July 27, 1680.
Was minister in Craven in succession to Issot (No. 15).
Ordained 8 April 1691 (Hunter's O. Heywood, p. 369) and was
one of the " ministers principally concerned " in the Surey
Demoniack meetings. From 1704 to 1708 grants were made
by the Presbyterian Fund to " Mr. Hill, Mr. Kershaw and Mr.
Gillebrand at Winterburn, Tossid, Stratbotom and Burnham."
In 1690 he married Anne Wilkinson of Houghton in Craven (Hey-
wood's Diaries, ii., 135). Mentioned in Frankland's will 1698.
Died in London and was bur. 18 April 1707 {None. reg.).
74. John Bill [Bell]. July 15, 1680.
The uncertainty as to this scholar's surname makes identi-
fication very difficult. The only well known family of the name
of Bill is that of Farley Hall, Staffordshire, but Col. Charles
Bill of Farley informs us that there was no John in that family
of the right age to have been with Frankland in 1680.
If the name was Bell we have been unable to identify him. He
was not a son of William Bell, ejected vicar of Huyton, unless he
died before 1684 when Bell made his will. Two other Bells were
amongst the ejected ministers but Calamy does not mention the
children of either.
75. Edward Sedgwick [*]. Feb. 12, 1680-1.
Being starred in Heywood's list it is probable that he became a
clergyman. A person of the same name, born in Lancashire, was
admitted to Jesus College, Cambridge, as a sizar 24 Jan. 1680-1
{Information of Mr. Edwin Abbott, Librarian of Jesus). The
closeness of the two dates of admission makes identity uncertain.
The Jesus College man graduated B.A. 1685, and on 25 Sep.
1687 at the age of 23 was ordained deacon (Cartwright's Diary,
p. 80), his title being the curacy of Horwich. He was curate
556 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
of Lymm, in 1699, when he was " presented " by the Church-
wardens of Lymm for plurahsm " having 2oh per annum and
serving a cure at BilHnge " {Churchwarden' s presentment books,
Chester, 1699). Sedgwick was curate of BiUinge 1699- 1704 and
curate of Upholland in 1704 (Bridgeman's Church of Wigan,
pp. 749, 757). He is probably identical with Edward Sedgwick,
Minister of Flixton, who was buried 1722. There was a family
of Sedgwick owning Collin Field, Kendal, and Frankland's
scholar may perhaps have belonged to that family.
76. William Tong. March 2, 1680-1.
Son of William Tong (Tonge or Tongue) of Worsley, in the
parish of Eccles. Born on Midsummer day, 1662. Originally
intended for the law. Tutor or chaplain in the family of Thomas
Corbet, esq. of Stanwardine, and preached in the chapel of Cock-
shot, where he sometimes used portion of the Prayer-Book,
but desisted, on complaint in the Ecclesiastical Court. He
appears also to have been for a time in the family of Rowland
Hunt, esq. of Boreatton. Early in 1687 he preached at Chester
for three months, while the congregation was waiting for Matthew
Henry to begin his duties. Afterwards he went to Wrexham,
also as a supply, but in the same year settled at Knutsford.
From 1690 to 1702 he was minister at Coventry, and during that
period was an active missioner in the surrounding districts where
he laid the foundations of several societies of protestant dissenters.
He was also a tutor and schoolmaster. From 1702 to his death
he was minister at Salter's Hall, London. He died 21 March
1726-7. He was one of the most distinguished of Frankland's
pupils. His printed works which are numerous, include the life
of Matthew Henry, 1716, a portion of Henry's Exposition, and
many sermons. He was joint author of " The doctrine of the
ever blessed Trinity, stated and defended." Several of his
letters appear in Thoresby's Correspondence. During the Salter's
Hall controversy he was a subscriber, and he remained entirely
Trinitarian to the end of his life. John Newman, who preached
his funeral sermon and bore witness to his great merits as a
scholar and a man, says that " he was an utter enemy to all real
persecution, and thought that every man who did not hold
principles destructive of the civil peace, ought to enjoy full liberty
of conscience in matters of religion." He was one of Dr.
Williams's trustees, and in Dr. Williams's Library there is a fine
mezzotint portrait of him (Newman's Funeral sermon ; H. D.
Roberts's Matthew Henry's Chapel : Jeremy's Presbyterian Fund).
frankland's pupils. 557
77. John Hardware. April i, 1681.
Son of Samuel Hardware, esq. of Bromborough, Cheshire.
Succeeded to Bromborough on his father's death. Marr. Frances
eldest dau. of Rowland Hunt, esq. of Boreatton. Died in or
before 17 16 when administration to his estate was granted at
Chester. His sister was the wife of Matthew Henry of Chester
(Ormerod's Cheshire, ii., 333).
78. Thomas Tompson [Thompson]. April 27, 1681.
Born 23 July 1661 (Burn's Parish registers, p. 225). M.A.
Edinburgh 1686. Ordained 11 July 1688 and settled a.t Stockton
upon Tees. The None. reg. gives this account of his death " Mr.
Thompson minr in Stockton preacht on Lords day April 6 [1729]
his text What shall we do to be saved ? Supt, went to bed in
usual health, awakt abt one a clock, was ill, died abt two."
According to the gravestone in Stockton the date of Thompson's
death was 24 March 1728-9 (Brewster's Stockton- upon Tees, p.
321).
79. Ebenezer Young. April 27, 1681.
80. James Liptrott [Liptrot*]. June 2, 1681.
Being starred in Heywood's list it is probable that he became
a clergyman. A person of the same name, described however
as a " pleb." was of Nuneaton in 1707 when his son entered
Brasenose College, Oxford.
81. Jabez Cay [Key]. June 18, 1681.
Son of Robert Cay or Key of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, brewer.
He was one of a party of students at Edinburgh University who,
according to annual custom, on 5 Nov. 1682 burnt an effigy of
the Pope at the gate of Holyrood Palace, where on this occasion
the Duke of York happened to be living. Cay and others were
summoned before the Privy Council and he was banished from
Scotland. In 1685 when aged 21 he was a student of medicine
at Leyden. He completed his studies at Padua where he gradu-
ated M.D. In practice at Newcastle as a physician. He bought,
with another person, the estate of North Charlton in 1696 (Burke's
Landed gentry (1837), i., 384). Thoresby describes him {Diary,
i., 408) as " my kind friend and benefactor to my collection of
natural curiosities." He died, 22 Jan. 1702-3. According to
the Landed gentry he was unmarried, but Thoresby visited his
widow and stated that Dr. Cay was son-in-law of Dr. Gilpin
{Diary, i., 428). She remarried Eli Fenton 29 Dec. 1704 {None
558 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
reg., 197). There are many of Cay's letters in Thoresby's
Correspondence and in Letters addressed to R. Thoresby.
82. John Cay [Key]. June 18, 1681.
Brother of Jabez (No. 81). Admitted to the freedom of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne as a free brewer by patrimony and was a
member of the Hostmens Company 24 Sep. 1697. Succeeded his
brother at North Charlton, and increased the estate there.
His son of the same name (judge of the Marshalsea and a legal
author) has been, in error, identified with Frankland's scholar.
83. John Dickenson [Dickinson]. June 23, 1681.
A " Mr. John Dickenson of Gildersom " was buried 22 Aug.
1704 {None, reg.) but there is nothing to indicate his identity
with this student.
84. Thomas Kinaston [Kenaston D]. Sept. 12, 1681.
Son of " a good and faithful minister, who though he could
never thoroughly conform to the Church of England exercised
his ministry at Whitley-Chappel without disturbance " (Tong's
M. Henry, p. 200). The son was ordained at Warrington, Jan.
1687-8 (Heywood's Diaries, ii., 24) and succeeded Tong (No.
76) as minister at Knutsford early in 1690. He died 10 Jan.
1695-6 aged 29 and was bur. at Knutsford chapel.
85. Nathaniel Priestly [Nathanael]. Feb. 2, 1681-2.
Son of Jonathan Priestley, the friend of Oliver Heywood.
Ordained 6 June 1694. He was minister of Northgate End Chapel,
Hahfax, the dates of his ministry being given by Evans {Vestiges,
p. 99) as 1696 to his death 5 Sep. 1728. The chapel was opened
in 1696 and that is the date given for the formation of the con-
gregation, but it existed earlier and Priestley was its minister
in 1693 when he was invited to succeed Mr. Sharp at Mill Hill,
Leeds. " We rode to Ovenden, and made our first application
to Mr. Priestley, a person of moderate principles, learned, in-
genious and pious : but the people about Halifax and Horton
could not be prevailed upon to resign their interest in him,
without which, he was not willing to desert them " (Thoresby's
Diary, i., 246). He is called " of Ovenden ... a worthy
eminent minr., a great loss especially to the congregations at
Halifax and Bradford " {None. reg.). Bur. in Halifax Church.
86. William Rollinson [Rawlinson]. March 10, 168 1-2.
Perhaps a member of the Blackley family of Rowlinson, one of
whom gave the site of the chapel there in 1697. The pupil may
frankland's pupils. 559
be the William Rawlinson who was buried at Blackley chapel
(now church) 3 Jan. 1690-1.
87. Nathaniel Scoles [Nathanael]. April 4, 1682.
Son of Jeremiah (or Jeremy) Scoles, of Salford, ejected minister
of Norton, Derbyshire, by Deborah daughter of Nathaniel Rath-
band M.A. minister of Prestwich. Born at Salford in 1665.
Admitted to Christ's College, Cambridge, 1680, but left without
a degree {Information of Dr. Peile). Minister at Newton, near
Manchester from 1691 to 1700, and from 1697 to his death 2
Oct. 1702 minister at Macclesfield, being minister at both places
1697-1700 and living, in 1698, in Salford (Gordon's Dob Lane
Chapel, pp. 17-20 ; Nightingale's Lane, none., v., 40-42, 325 ;
Tong's M. Henry, p. 203). He was one of the ministers who
certified their belief that the " Surey Demoniack's " fits were
caused by a diabolical power.
88. John Chorlton [Ch.\rlton]. April 4, 1682.
Ordained at Warrington, Jan. 1687-8 (Heywood's Diaries, ii.,
24). He became minister of Cross Street Chapel, Manchester,
as colleague of Henry Newcome, whose funeral sermon he
preached. He performed a like service at the funeral of his
old tutor and was invited to succeed him at Natland. He pre-
ferred to remain in Manchester where he conducted an academy
which was, in a sense, a continuation of Frankland's as several
pupils removed there from Natland. In 1702 he was presented
at the summer assizes " for teaching a private academy, but
through the favour of some not known, the prosecution was
this assize let fall." (M. Henry, 24 Mar. 1702-3 Thoresby's
Correspondence, i., 440). " Mr. John Chorlton a worthy Minister
of the Gospell in Manchester departed this life to the grief of
all good men May the 16 " 1705 {Dukinfield register). He had
married Hannah daughter of Joseph I^eech, and sister of Samuel
Leech (No. 44), 5 Mar. 1688-9, and had several children. Mrs.
Chorlton was buried 5 Nov. 1704. Chorlton edited Henry
Pendlebury's " Invisible realities " 1696. An anonymous
pamphlet " Notes upon the Lord Bishop of Salisbury's Four
last discourses," 1695, is attributed to him, and his funeral sermon
on Newcome was printed with the title " The glorious reward of
faithful ministers declared," 1696. A funeral sermon, preached
by his colleague James Coningham, was printed in 1705. It
contains few biographical particulars, but mentions that he was
" tormented with that dreadful distemper, the stone."
560 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
89. Adam Mort. April 8, 1682.
Probably one of the Morts of Atherton, a wealthy noncon-
formist family.
go. Richard Frankland [D. Apr. 18]. April 13, 1682.
The Tutor's son. A notice of him is given on p. 193 ante.
91. John Addison. Oct. 4, 1682.
A kinsman of Mrs. Frankland, being a great grandson of Sir
Thomas Liddell. He was the son of Francis Addison, J. P. of
Ovingham, co Northumberland and was born in 1666 (Surtees'
Durham; Sunderland section, 1908, p. 200).
92. John Root [D]. Octob. 24, 1682.
Grandson of Henry Root, curate of Sowerby (ejected 1662),
and pastor of a gathered (Congregational) Church there, who
died in 1669, and son of Timothy Root, baptised at Stockport
25 Mar. 1638, ejected from Sowerby Bridge in 1662 (Calamy's
Ace, 837, Cont., 959). Timothy Root was for 25 years a non-
conformist minister and suffered much persecution. " But just
at that time when King James granted Liberty of Conscience,
he conform'd, but had little satisfaction afterwards, in so doing.
He brought up his son in order to the fitting him for
the ministry, and he was about nineteen when his father con-
form'd. He went along with him to his parsonage at Holden
[Howden] . . . and heard him read the Common Prayer
with his surplice on, and came home and told his mother of
it. Both mother and son were so troubled at it, that both of
them died shortly after, within a little time one of another "
(Calamy, Cont., 959). Mrs. Root was buried 26 July 1686 and
Timothy Root died at Howden 24 June 1689 {None, reg.) and
was bur. 25 June {Par. reg.). Frankland's scholar died about
a fortnight before his mother {None, reg., 71).
93. Edward Brogden. Octob. 24, 1682.
He or another of the surname was minister at Narborough
and Wigston near Leicester {Monthly repository, vi., 518).
To Calton.
94. Jos. Sagar [Joshua]. June 9, 1683.
Was already a graduate when he went to Calton, and may
possibly have been assistant tutor as well as a student. In 1680,
when in his i6th year, he was admitted to Christ's College,
frankland's pupils. 561.
Cambridge and became B.A. 1681-2 {Information of Dr. Peile).
From about 1690 to his death he was minister of Wakefield and
Alverthorpe. He was ordained at Blackburn 20 Sep. 1693.
(Hunter's O. Heywood, p. 379). He died 28 Mar. 1710 and was
bur at Tingley (Thoresby's Diary, ii., 59. None. reg.). His
funeral sermon, preached by T. Whitaker, (No. 3) was printed
in " Sermons on several occasions," 1712. He was the son of the
Rev. Charles Sager, one of the ejected ministers, and a famous
schoolmaster.
95. Edward Sherley [*]. June 9, 1683.
Edward Sherdley, son of Richard Sherdley of Farrington
" yeoman " in his will, but " gentlemen " when his son went
to St. John's. Edward was educated at Leyland school under
Mr. Wade and could have been with Frankland only a short time,
as nine months after his admission at Calton he was, on 12 Apiil
1684, at the age of 19, admitted pensioner of St. John's College,
Cambridge (Mayor's Si. John's College Admissions, ii., 96). B.A.
1687 [Grad. Cantab.). Curate of Harwood and Langho in 1689
{Kenyon MSS., p. 229). Curate of Blackburn 21 Dec. 1690
when elected a governor of the Grammar School [Rec. of Blackburn
G.S., p. 342) and to his death. Bur. 24 Dec. 1693. His will which
bears date 20 Dec. 1693 mentions neither wife nor child.
96. Jonathan Sonyer [Sonier D]. June 20, 1683.
Was at Hipperholme school but was expelled for having
attended Oliver Heywood's services. Heywood henceforward
took a great interest in him, sent him to Halifax school and,
when he was fit, to Frankland's Academy. When Frankland
was " taken off work " Sonyer was sent to Mr. Billingsby's
[Billingsley's ?] at Mansfield, and when that tutor cea.sed teaching,
Sonyer taught school for a time. " When God opened a door "
he went again to Mr. Frankland's and came home Jan. 1687-8.
He became chaplain and tutor in the family of Thomas Ledgard
of Newcastle and died at Newcastle 11 Sep. 1688. Oliver
Heywood calls him " my dear son " [Diaries, iv., 130).
97. Henry Lever [Leaver]. July 18, 1683.
To Dawson Fold and Hartbarrow.
98. James Nayler [Naylor]. May 3, 1684.
Minister of St. Helen's Chapel in Prescot parish from 1688 or
1689 to his death 12 April 1710 aged 46 {Nightingale, iv., 130).
He was author of "The right way to promote reformation"
1699. His wife, by whom he had a very large family, was Anne,
2 O
562 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
daughter and coheiress of Samuel Child of Holmes Hall, near
Leeds, of which estate Naylor, with his brother-in-law Samuel
Bagshawe (son of the Apostle of the Peak), became possessed
{W. H. G. Bagshawe's Bagshawes of Ford, pp. 123-125). St.
Helen's Chapel was recovered by the Establishment on Naylor's
death and the dissenters built a new chapel which became
Independent.
This student has been identified {M.R., vi., 518, and elsewhere)
with James Naylor, a London minister, son of Rev. Peter Naylor
of Wakefield, but as he died in 1708 aged 29, the identification
seems unlikely (Calamy, Cant., 564).
99. Roger Anderton [May 3]. June 3, 1684.
Born near Bolton, Lancashire, but his baptism is not recorded
in the parish register. Ordained at Rathmell in 1693 (Hunter's
O. Heywood, p. 378). Minister at Whitehaven. Thoresby met
him there 20 Sep. 1694 and describes him as " Mr. Anderton,
(one of Mr. Frankland's pupils, and the nonconformist minister
there." Anderton had in 1696 a grant from the Presbyterian
Fund {Mimites, ii., 23). In 1704 he became minister of Newcastle-
npon-Tyne. He died " scarse half a year " later in April 1705
(None. reg.). F. Nicholson possesses a little volume. Barton and
Smith's " Psalms of David in metre," which belonged to Ander-
ton. On the cover is stamped " R.A." and inside is the
following inscription . —
d(^^tr JnJtrhnj ^oojc^ y /-y^/
100. John Sidebottom [*]. June 7, 1684.
Minister of Ashford-in- the- Water, Derbyshire. " On June the
30th 1693, it pleas'd God, by Death, to remove that pious young
Minister, Mr. Sidebottom of Ashford ; who was likely to have
been of great use, if he had been longer spar'd " (Clegg's Li/e
0/ Ashe, p. 57). He was succeeded by John Ashe (No. 135).
He is starred in Heywood's list, but apparently by mistake. He
should have been marked D.
loi. Michael Gargrave [Gargreave, June 16]. June 18, 1684.
Probably of the family of the name connected with Horton
near Bradford, to which belonged Michael Gargrave, licensed as
/
frankland's pupils. 563
a Presbyterian teacher, 1672, and described by Oliver Heywood
as " a pious man," when lie recorded his burial in 1700 aged 75.
102. Thomas Colthurst [D]. June 20, 1684.
Millington Colthurst, gent, of Knutsford had a son Thomas
who was, no doubt, Frankland's scholar. Being marked D. in
Hey wood's list he was dead before 1702. He has, in error, been
identified with his nephew Thomas Colthurst, successive^ minister
at Whitchurch and Knutsford, who was however, only 43 at his
death in 1739.
103. Adam Davenport [D]. June 26, 1684.
Being marked D. in Heywood's list we may presume that he
died before 1702.
104. Matthew Birkett [Birket D.]. Octob. 28, 1684.
As D. appears against his name in Heywood's list we may
conclude that he was dead before 1702. A Mr. Beckett from
Preston district who attended a meeting of Lancashire ministers
in 1699 {Manch. Classis, 360) may be the same man and was
probably the Mr. Beckett whose death is mentioned in Rothwell's
diary as occurring in 1699 (W. H. Burgess in Inquirer, 1 Oct.
1904). John Birket and Miles Burket are named by Calamy,
but there is nothing to connect this scholar with either.
105. Thomas Taylor. Octob. 28, 1684.
106. Peter Collier. Feb. 6, 1684-5.
A person of this name, and probably the same, was admitted
to Christ's College, Cambridge, 10 July 1686 as a sizar, and after-
wards became a scholar. He graduated B.A. 1689-90.
To Attercliffe.
107. Thomas Spencer [Spenser]. Nov. 8, 1686.
Son of William Spencer of Atterchffe, was, appropriately
enough, the first scholar to enter the Academy after its removal
to Attercliffe. Thomas was bap. 3 Apr. 1670, was owner of
Atterchffe and Bramley Grange, and was bur. 21 June 1703
(Hunter's Hallamshire, p. 417).
108. Jos. Bayes [Joshua]. Nov. 15, 1686.
Son of Joshua Bayes of Sheffield and nephew of Samuel Bayes,
ejected minister of Grendon, Northants. Bap. 10 Feb. 1670-1.
Ordained in London 22 June 1694. Assistant minister of St.
Thomas's, Southwark, 1706-23, minister of Leather Lane Chapel
564 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1723-46. Member of the Presbyterian Board. F.R.S. Died
24 April 1746 aged 75. He was one of the contributors to Henry's
" Exposition " and was author of " The Church of Rome's doctrine
and practise with relation to the worship of God in an unknown
tongue examined in a sermon," 1735 ; "A funeral sermon
occasioned by the death of Mr. J. Cornish, preached Dec. 10,
1727," 1728 ; " A funeral sermon occasioned by the death of the
Rev. C. Taylor," 1723; and "A sermon preach'd to the Societies
for the Reformation of manners, at Salters Hall. July i, 1723,"
1723. His portrait is in Dr. Williams's Library (Jeremy's Presby-
terian Fund, p. 124 : Calamy's Cont., 635 ; Hunter's Families
minoruni gentium, 833). The Dictionary of National Biography
states, inaccurately, that Joshua was a son of Samuel Bayes.
109. Ebenezer Bradshaw. Nov. 18, 1686.
His parentage is given in an order of the Presbyterian Board
II May 1 69 1 " that £6 be allowed to Mr. Ebenezer Bradshaw a
young student the son of Mr. James Bradshaw at Rainford
Chappel in Lancashire for his incouragment in the study of the
Hebrew and French tongues with Mr. John Southwell at Dudley
in the county of Worcester " {Minutes, i.-, 33). He was ordained
in London 1694 at the same time as Joshua Bayes (No. 108)
and was minister at Ramsgate, Kent, where he died 11 March
1741 aged 80. His father was ejected minister of Hindley Chapel
(Calamy's Ace., 414 ; Cont., 635, Nightingale, iv., 5).
no. John Kirk [D]. Jan. 3, 1686-7.
Is marked D. in Heywood's list and was therefore dead before
1702. He was probably Mr. John Kirk of Flanshaw Hal), who
was buried at Wakefield 10 Jun 1698, aged 30 [None. reg.). Oliver
Heywood mentions a visit to John Kirk (probably the student's
father) at Alverthorpe near Wakefield in Feb. 1679-80 {Diaries,
ii., 118), and the marriage of Mr. John Kirk of Alverthorpe and
Mrs. Rachel Burdet, Silkstone, 30 July 1690 {None. reg.).
III. Jeremiah Gill. Jan. 10, 1686-7.
Completed his studies under Mr. Jolly. On 23 Feb. 1690-1
a grant was made from the Presbyterian Fund " to Mr. Jeremiah
Gill a young student under the instruction of Mr. JoUie in
Yorkshire towards the perfecting of his studies on condition hee
give himself e to the ministry {Minutes, i., 26). He was assistant
to Mr. Jolly at Attercliffe for several years. Minister at Hull
from 1697 until his last illness. He removed to York and died
there about 23 Jan. 1708-9 aged 40 {None. reg.). Author of
frankland's pupils. 565
" A sermon preach'd before the Society loi Reformation of
manners in Kingston upon Hull; Sep. 25, 1700" published in
1701. His "Life and character" appeared in T. Whitaker's
Sermons on several occasions " 171 2.
112. Samuel Hallows. Jan. 17, 1686-7.
This student was probably Samuel Hallows of Ashworth Hall,
Lancashire, barrister and J. P. His parents were married in
April 1666. He had an estate at Ashworth in Lancashire in
1700 and claimed Ashworth Chapel as a domestic chapel. Com-
plaints were made to the Bishop of Chester that there was danger
of it being " perverted to a conventicle." On his death a neigh-
bour, evidently a churchman, wrote in his diary " This day
died Mr. Sam. Hallows, of Ashworth, to the great joy of all his
neighbours " [Lane, and Ches. Antiq. Soc, xx., 31). He died
Jan. 21 1739-40 [None. reg.). It is possible but not probable
that Nos. 52 and 112 were the same man. If that were so Mr.
Hallows of Ashworth is the more likely identification.
113. John Piggot [Pigot, Jan. 24]. Jan. 21, 1686-7.
Presbyterian minister at Fishlake, near Doncaster 171 7 (Evans's
list) and at Bolsover in 1726 {Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 140).
The much better known John Piggott, General Baptist minister,
London (d. 1713), with whom, this scholar is identified by Toulmin,
was another person.
114. William Higginbottom [Higinbothom, D.]. Jan. 25,
1686-7.
Being marked D. in Heywood's list he died before 1702. He
was probably the son of William Heginbothom of Salford, chap-
man, by his wife Martha daughter of Major-General Charles
Worsley, M.P. Born 13 Feb. 1668 and bap. at Salford Chapel
2 March (Booker's Birch, p. 64). At the age of 24 although
already M.D. he entered Leyden University as a student,
18 Aug. 1693 {Album studiosorum) , his name being spelled
Heginbothon.
115. Richard Valentine [D. Feb. i]. Feb. 8, 1686-7.
Marked D. in Heywood's list, and so had died before 1702,
being possibly the Richard Valentine of Salford whose estate
was administered at Chester 1694. The family of Valentine of
Bentcliffe in the parish of Eccles were nonconformists, two of
the name signing the petition for a licence for Edmund Jones,
the ejected minister, in 1672 (Turner's Original records, p. 266).
566 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
ii6. Samuel Crook. Feb. 25, 1686-7.
John Crooke, one of the ejected ministers, had a son Samuel,
who, however, bemg born in 1661, would be too old to be identical
with this scholar.
A more probable identification is with Samuel Crook of CoppuU,
CO. Lancaster, esq. sometimes described as of Crook, from one
of his estates in Leyland parish. This Samuel Crook was a J. P.
for Lancashire and in 1693 was one of the justices who voted in
favour of allowing St. Helen's Chapel to be registered by the
nonconformists. In 1696 he was described as a " young un-
married man, and no housekeeper. His father dyed rich, was
a fustian man, and bred him to the University ; his mother and
friends, most of them dissenters " {Kenyan MSS. Hist. MSS.
Comm. I4tli Rep. App. Pt. 4, pp. 247, 412).
He was a trustee of CoppuU Chapel, which had been built in
1656 by Presbyterians for worship, and endeavoured to retain
it for that purpose but the Episcopalians obtained possession
after 1715 {V.C.H. Lanes., vi., 229).
The None. reg. records in 1722 the death of " Mr. Saml. Crook
of Crook in Lancre [who] was killed by one Mr. Buckley in the
Road near Hoghton Tower Aug. 9 falling out about the way. The
Coroners Inquest brot. in wilful murder." The burial of "Samuell
Crook Esq' of Halton " is recorded in the Walton-le-Dale registers
II August, and the will of Samuel Crook of CoppuU esquire
was pioved at Chester, 1722. A Samuel Crook had 9 Oct. 1721
married Anne dau. of Sir Charles Hoghton, 4th baronet.
117. Nathaniel Lomax [Nathanael Lomax D.]. Feb. 25,
1686-7.
Probably son of Henry Lomax of Breightmet, born 23, bap
at Bolton, 24 June 1667. A " Mr. Lomeaux " (Christian name
not given) was present at meetings of Lancashire ministers in
1694 and 1695 on the latter occasion being described as from
Manchester district {Manch. Classis, 352, 366). Being marked
" D " in Hey wood's list he was, we may presume, dead before
1702.
The same combination of names occurs almost contemporan-
eously amongst the church clergy. Nathaniel Lommax, son of
Thomas Lommax, gent, of Heaton, educated at Eccles and
Chowbent, was at the age of 18 admitted to Gonville and Caius
College, Cambridge on 12 Mar. 1674-5. This was probably
Nathaniel Lomax, curate of Northenden, who was in 1680 excom-
municated for performing clandestine marriages and for other
frankland's pupils. 567
offences, and absolved the following year " upon his penitence
and repeated promises of amendment " {Churchwardens' present-
ment books, Chester).
118. Samuel Stephens [D.]. April 14, 1687.
Probably a grandson of Nathaniel Stephens, one of the ejected
ministers, and brother of No. 123. He died 5 Jan. 1693-4 i^^
his 28th year. Edmund Calamy preached his funeral sermon
(printed 1694) which is almost the only authority for the facts
of his life. Calamy says " as for his family, 'twas noble and
honourable in Heavens Blazonry, it having been successively
employed in the work of the ministry ever since the Reformation,
his immediate Father only excepted ; Which gap the two brothers
would have made up, if both had liv'd : But blessed be God that
hath spared us One Branch of so worthy a stock." Calamy
speaks of his accomplishments, piety, modesty and " his great
scrupulosity, and fear of offending God in the smallest matters."
He was " for some years employ 'd occasionally in the preaching
work of the ministry." He was subject to melancholia but of
great natural strength. He died, after a short illness, of a malig-
nant fever. It does not appear that he was ordained.
119. Thomas Irlam [Gream]. April 20, 1687.
On 17 Apr. 1688 Mr. Thomas Irlam married Sarah Travis
{Dukinfield Noncon. register). Irlam was minister at Congleton
in 1691 and remained there for many years. His will written
in 1746 was proved 19 Aug. 1748 (" Thomas Irlam," a supplement
to Pickford's History of Congleton Unitarian Chapel). He had
several children and from one of his daughters descended Charles
Darwin, F.R.S.
120. John Burnham. April 26, 1687.
Minister of Nuneaton 1693 to his death 1738 (Sibree and
Caston's Independency in Warwickshire, p. 209) and as such,
received grants from the Presbyterian Fund from 1704 to 1735.
121. Thomas Hutton. May 11, 1687.
Probably Thomas son of Sir Thomas Hutton of Poppleton,
CO. York. Born 10 July 1671, bap. at Poppleton. Of Gray's
Inn, afterwards keeper of Somerset House. Died unm. Bur. in
Somerset House Chapel 24 Sep. 1725 {Genealogist, n.s., xiv., 112).
Though he was a descendant of Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of
York and a kinsman of Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, he had many connections amongst the nonconformists.
568 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
A sister of Sir Thomas Hutton was the wife of the Rev. Robert
Banks, Frankland's nephew.
122. John Peach. June 12, 1687.
Perhaps the Mr. Peach who is mentioned in the diary of W.
Bagshaw, the apostle of the Peak, as having on 11 June 1696,
spoken on temperance at the conference at Ashford (Bagshawe's
Bagshawes of Ford, p. 26). Mr. Peach who was persecuted by the
Warwickshire magistrates in 1707 for preaching at Southam
(Calamy's Abridgement, p. 711) and Mr. Peach who was minister
at Coseley, Staffordshire, in 1717, were probably the same man.
123. Nathaniel [Nathanael] Stephens. June 20, 1687.
On 16 Mar. 1 690-1 the Presbyterian Fund made a grant of £^
to Mr. Nathaniel " Stevens " at Stamford in Lincolnshire on
■condition that " he settle and abide there." A month later (27
Apr. 1 691) the grant to Stephens was transferred " towards the
propagation of the gospell in that place, the people there having
a prospect of an able minister to settle amongst them." The
reason given is not very complimentary to Stephens who, it
appears from later grants, was " melancholy." It was apparently
this mental affliction which prevented him from settling as a
minister, and his later years were spent in poverty, relieved now
and then by grants from the Presbyterian Fund. In 1712
Stephens was living in Whitechapel, and on 3 Oct. 1720 an extra-
ordinary supply was allowed by the Fund to cover the expense of
his sickness and funeral. He was brother of No. 118.
124. William Dearmerley [Dearnelly]. June 27, 1687.
Was possibly for a short time minister of Kendal, 1691 and in
1692 was minister of Ringway Chapel, Cheshire. He was minister
at Ringway to his death 28 May 1701. A longer notice of him
appears elsewhere in this work (p. 231).
125. William Bury. July 7, 1687.
Not identified. A " Mr. Bury of Suffolk," mentioned by O.
Heywood in his diary, 14 Aug. 1695 [Yorks. Co. Mag., 1893,
p. 16), is almost certainly a different person, Samuel Bury,
minister of Bury St. Edmunds and afterwards of Bristol (Browne's
Cong, in Norf. and Suff., p. 420), who was one of Mr. Doolittle's
pupils (Toulmin's Hist, view, p. 584).
126. G.\win Aynesley [Gowen Ainsley]. Sept. 17, 1687.
Gawen Aynsley, esq. of Hamham, co. Northumberland. Bap.
21 Dec. 1669. Admitted student of Lincoln's Inn, 28 Oct. 1689.
frankland's pupils. 569
Inherited from his father, Gawen Aynsley, the estates of Little
Harle, Harelaw and Harnham. Died 28 Jan. 1750 aged 80.
At his death it was stated that he was for 60 years in the com-
mission of the peace (Hodgson's Northumberland, pt. 2, vol. i.,
p. 210).
127. John Walker [Jan. 26]. Jan. 20, 1687-8.
Probably John son of John Walker, of Heath Charnock. The
father appears to be identical with John Walker of Newton Chapel
(Newton Heath, Manchester) (ejected 1662) and afterwards min-
ister of Rivington, but whether as a churchman or nonconformist
is not certain. The son was minister of Horwich Chapel, which,
by the contrivance of Lord Willoughby of Parham, had been in
the hands of the Dissenters from about 1697, and on its recovery
by the Establishment in 1716, removed with his congregation
to Horwich New Chapel. He was living at Rivington 20 Jan.
1737- He was one of three militant dissenting ministers (the
others being " General Wood " of Chowbent and John Turner of
Preston) who rendered considerable service to the Government
during the Rebellion of 1 715. A sermon by him occasioned by
the death of Samuel Crane of Chorley was transcribed by Samuel
Audland (Ab ram's Memorials of an old Preston family,
Nightingale's Lane, none, in., 92, 104 ; Preston Guardian Sketches,
No. 580).
Another John Walker was minister of Brentford, and died 1724.
He was nephew of the ejected minister of Newton Chapel (Calamy's
Cont., 567).
128. John Hunt [Feb. i]. Feb. 5, 1687-8.
William Hunt, B.A. (ejected 1662) had a. son John who was a
nonconformist minister. This John Hunt could not be identical
with Frankland's pupil, unless the latter was merely a schoolboy
at Frankland's, as on 21 Sep. 1691 the Presbyterian Fund allowed
;^io to " Mr. Hunt junr of Cambridgeshire a young student to
commence from the time of his entrance upon the study of
university learning under the instruction of Mr. William Hunt
his brother of the same county." John Hunt, son of the ejected
minister, was minister successively at Northampton, Newport
Pagnel, and Tunstead in Norfolk and died 1725 (Calamy, Cont.,
157 ; Browne's Congregationalism in Norfolk and Suffolk, p. 306).
129. Samuel Lowe [Low, Feb. i]. Feb. 5, 1687-8.
Possibly the Mr. Lowe who was ordained at Prestwich 29 Mar.
1694-5 (Newcome's Autoh., p. 282) or April 1694 (Hunter's
570 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Hey wood, p. 379). Minister at Chorlton and afterwards at
Knutsford, 1696 to 19 Apr. 1709, when he died at the age of 40,
Bur. in Knutsford Chapel. His wife, Katharine Antrobus was
the sister of No. 261. Mr. Lowe's daughter Mary married Edward
Hulton of Chester, glover, and had, with other children, Henry
Hulton, Commissioner of Customs at Boston, at the beginning of
the American Revolution. Mr. Henry Hulton's son, who was
created a baronet in 181 5, assumed the surname of Preston. The
title is now held by Sir Jacob Preston, of Beeston Hall, Norwich.
130. Samuel Baxter. Feb. 6, 1687-8.
Eldest son of Nathaniel Baxter, M.A. ejected vicar of St.
Michael's-on-Wyre, who was afterwards minister at Beauchief
Abbey, near Sheffield (Calamy, Cont., 571). " Mr. Samuel
Baxter of Sheffield " had a student's allowance from the Presby-
terian Fund. He is presumably the Mr. Baxter ordained at
Prestwich 29 Mar. 1694-5 (Newcome's Autob., p. 282) or at Stand
(Prestwich) April 1694 (Hunter's 0. Heywood, p. 379). Minister
at Framlingham, removed to Lowestoft about 1698 and in 1701
to Ipswich, where he remained to his death, 13 July 1740 aged
70 (Browne's Congregaiionalism in Norfolk and Suffolk, pp. 391,
529, 538).
131. Robert Langley [D]. Feb. 6, 1687-8.
Is marked D. in Hey wood's list and so was dead before 1702.
Probably Robert son of Francis Langley of Barnsley, mercer,
who died at the age of 20 and was bur. at Barnsley 10 Oct. 1692
(Jackson's Barnsley, p. 201).
132. Timothy Punshon [Punshion]. Feb. 19, 1687-8.
He was a Newcastle-upon-Tyne man and had graduated M.A.
at Edinburgh in 1686, before he entered the Academy. He
received a grant from the Presbyterian Fund, as minister of
Russendale [Ravenstonedale] 24 Nov. 1690 {Minutes, i., 15),
the grant being continued annually to 1693. He was still at
Ravenstonedale 7 June 1693, but left there long before " about
1 712 " which Messrs. Dale and Crippen regarded as probable
{Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 93), as James Mitchell (No. 159)
was minister in 1704. He was subsequently minister at Branton,
Northumberland, and was bur. at Alnwick 29 Dec. 1716. His
will, in which he describes himself as Timothy Punshon of Killing-
worth, preacher of the Gospel, was proved at Durham 171 7
{Archceologia JEliana, n.s., xv., 154).
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 5/1
133. John Jolly [Jollie]. Feb. 23, 1687-8.
Son of John Jolly, whom Calamy reckoned amongst the
ejected ministers of 1662, but who appears not to have been
beneficed at that time. The son is stated in the Altham and
Wymondhouses Church Book to have been ordained at New
Chapel, Wymondhouses, 11 Nov. 1696, but according to J.
Hunter (0. Heywood, p. 395) he was ordained at Rathmell 26
May 1698. Minister at Newton in Bowland. In August 1703
he was chosen pastor of the Independent Church at Wymond-
houses in succession to his uncle Thomas Jolly. He remained
pastor of that society to his death 29 June 1725 (Jolly's Note
Book). He is no doubt the " Mr. John Jolly of Lancashire " to
whom the Congregational Fund Board made a grant in 1696
{Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., v., 144).
134. Thomas Rokeby [Rookby]. April 30, 1688.
Thomas Rokeby of Sandal (Brother of No. 72), born 27 Jan.
bap. 15 Feb. 1670 at Ackworth, d. s.p. 2 May 1706 (Genealogist,
N.s. xvi., 53). He inherited Sandal from a kinsman in 1705,
but being wild and extravagant, had sold his reversionary interest
to a money lender. He endeavoured by a chancery suit to
get the bargain set on one side, and the suit was successful,
though Rokeby had died before the decision was given (Hunter's
South Yorkshire, i., 202).
135- John Ash. May 7, 1688.
Son of Edward Ashe of Tideswell, mercer and grocer, by
Susannah, sister of William Bagshaw " The Apostle of the Peak."
Born at Malcoffe, Chapel-en-le-Frith 11 Feb. 1671-2. Educated
at Chesterfield School and afterwards at Wirksworth, where the
master was Samuel Ogden, one of the ejected ministers. He
also studied under his uncle Bagshaw. Later he was chaplain
to Lady Sarah Hoghton at Hoghton Tower and Prestbury.
About 1693 he succeeded John Sidebottom (No. 100) as minister
at Ashford, preaching there and at Hucklow, Bradwell, Middleton,
Chelmorton and Chatsworth, and remained minister of Ashford
to his death 2 Oct. 1735. He wrote the life of his uncle Bagshaw,
1704 and several of his sermons were printed in his lifetime.
He left prepared for the press eleven volumes of sermons, from
which a selection was published in 1741 under the editorship of
Dr. Clegg, who also published his biography " Assistance in
preparing for death and judgment. A discourse occasion'd by
the sudden death of the Reverend Mr. John Ashe " 1736. Clegg
572 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
says his ordination was in 1696 but the Dukinfield register, gives
the date as 21 June 1698. Ashe married for his second wife the
sister of James Halstead (No. 301).
136. William Barnard [Barnwood, June 5]. June 3, 1688.
137. John Gorwood [Gowood, June 5]. June 3, 1688.
Gorwood became a minister. There are many references to
him in the Minutes of the Presbyterian Fund. On 2 Mar. 1690-1
;^4, half a year's student's allowance and on 21 Sept. 1691 /lo for
one year were allowed to " Mr. J no. Gorwood of Yorkshire, a
young student lately under the instruction of Mr. Frankland
towards the perfecting of his studies." In March 1706-7 "Mr.
Gorwood in Lancashire [sic] of Neverly being very infirm [it
was] agreed to give him £^ for a present supply." A grant of
;^io was made in 1711 upon representation of the " very distressed
case of Mr. Gorwood lately minister of Boston." He was living
at Hull in Feb. 171 3-4 when another grant was made to him.
In 1 715 he was in " great necessity and utterly disabled from
service." In Mar. 1 718-9 ;^io extraordinary supply was allowed
him on account of sickness. The end of this sad life came in
1720 when according to None. reg. " Mr. John Gorwood of Hull,
a minr," died.
138. Robert Porter. June 13, 1688.
Possibly a son of Robert Porter, ejected minister of Pentridge,
Derbyshire, and afterwards a nonconformist minister at Mansfield
(G. E. Evans's Antiq. notes, iii., 55, 64).
139. Thomas Barnes. June 24, 1688.
Youngest son of Ambrose Barnes, alderman of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne whose interesting memoirs were printed for the Surtees
Society. In 1693 l^e was studying in London and was considering
an invitation to Colchester. In 1696 " Mr. Barnes of South
Wales " had a grant from the Congregational Fund {Cong. Hist.
Soc, v., 141). In 1698 when Dr. Gilpin's assistant died, Barnes
was thrust into his place to the annoyance of the senior minister
of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne congregation. There seems to have
been friction and Barnes and his sympathisers separated from
Gilpin's congregation, and established an Independent cause.
A long letter by Dr. R. Gilpin relating to this affair is printed in
Nightingale's Ejected, p. 1395. In 1715 Barnes's congregation
was the smallest of the five dissenting bodies in Newcastle. He
died 30 June 1731. His will, dated 22 Jan. 1730-1, shows him to
have been well-to-do, and unmarried {Memoirs of Ambrose Barnes).
frankland's pupils. 573
140. John Turnbull [Turnbul]. June 24, 1688.
Minister of Tynemouth (North Shields), 1693-1723 [Hist, of
Northumberland, viii., 373). Evans's Ust describes him as of
North Shields in 1717. " Mr. John Turnbull minr. near New-
Castle upon Tyne died abt Midsumer," 1723 {None. reg.). He
wrote " A pastoral elegy for Dr. Tim. Manlove," iGqg, the MS.
of which was in Thoresby's possession (Thoresby's Ducatus
Leod. Catalogue MSS., p. 87). " A short character of Mr.
Timothy Manlove," written by Turnbull, but signed by initials
only, is prefixed to Gilpin's " Comforts of Divine love," funeral
sermons on Manlove, published in 1700.
141. St. And. Thornhaugh [St. Andrew Thornagh]. June
27, 1688.
St. Andrew Thornhagh, son and heir of John Thornhagh, esq.
J. P., D.L., M.P., of Fenton and Osberton, co. Notts. Born 31
Mar. 1674. Educated at Cambridge University. M.P. Notting-
hamshire, 1717. Died Dec. 1742 aged 68.
142. Sampson Lever [Leaver, July 3]. July 13, 1688.
Presumably a son of Robert Lever, ejected minister of Bolam,
Northumberland, whose grandfather bore the christian name of
Sampson. See also No. 167.
143. John Ogle [D]. July 14, 1688.
Is marked D. in Heywood's list and so was dead before 1702.
An Englishman of this name was, in 1688, a student of the Glasgow
University {Munimenta Alme Universitatis Glasguensis, iii.).
144. Ratcliff Scolfield [Radcliff Scolfield*]. July 18,
1688.
Radcliffe Scholefield, son of Radcliffe Scholefield, esq. of
Scholefield Hall, Rochdale by Frances Frankland. He is starred
in Heywood's list, but unlike many of those so marked did not,
so far as we know, conform. He may however have been a clergy-
man in early manhood. He was nonconformist minister at
Whitworth, Lancashire, 1717-1727 and at Hale, Cheshire (the
congregation of which had been expelled from Ringway Chapel
a few years earlier), 1 727-1 728 (Evans's Record, p. 65). He died
near Radcliffe Bridge, Lancashire and was bur. 16 Aug. 1728
{None. reg.). Scholefield was described as of Ratcliffe when,
on 24 April 1700, he obtained a licence to marry Mary Smith of
the same place. Hunter states that she was of Bradford.
574 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
145. John Frankland [Aug. 10]. July 18, 1688.
He was not Richard Frankland's son. Entering the Academy
on the same day as Radchfie Scholefield, (No. 144) we may assume
that he was a brother or nephew of that student's mother. He
may be the Mr. Frankland of Bramham to whom in 1695 Oliver
Heywood gave ;/^io he had received from Lady Hewley {Yorks.
County Mag., p. 11). A John Frankland of Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge was B.A. 1694, M.A. 1698 and D.D. 1712 and
a John Frankland, Englishman, was enrolled a law student at
Leyden 14 Oct. 1699, being then aged 24.
146. John Leatherland. August 10, 1688.
Was a Presbyterian minister at Stratford-on-Avon, was ordained
1698 and died 1723 (Sibree and Caston's Independency in Warwick-
shire, p. 414). Joseph Letherland M.D. Fellow of the College of
Physicians (born 1699, d. 1764) was his son, and had two brothers
John, who predeceased him, and Stephen, to whom Dr. Letherland
bequeathed by will (P.C.C. 146 Simpson) " the house in which my
late Father lived in Stratford-upon-Avon " (Evans's List ; Munk's
Roll, ii., 136). Probably a brother of No. 221.
147. John Holland. Octob. 15, 1688.
First minister at the meeting house adjoining Smarber Hall
in Swaledale (Low Row), built by Lord Wharton for the benefit
of his lead miners. The chapel was registered and Holland took
the oaths as minister, 8 Oct. 1691 (B. Dale's Good Lord Wharton,
p. 51). He was ordained at Rathmell 7 June 1693 (Hunter's
O. Heywood, p. 378) . He was presumably the minister of Alfreton,
Derbyshire who died 19 Nov. 1732 {None. reg.). He does not
appear to have belonged to the Hollands of Mobberley, a family
of which many nonconformist ministers were members.
148. Henry Whickham [Dickinson]. Nov. i, 1688.
The lists varying so considerably as to the name of this scholar
it is almost impossible to identify him. The Wickhams were a
distinguished Yorkshire family, to which Tobias Wickham, Dean
of York, belonged. The Dean had a son Henry (bap. 11 May
1665 and bur. 30 Nov. 1735). As this Henry would be 23 when
Frankland's scholar entered the Academy, the identity is
improbable.
149. Henry Eyre. Dec. 5, 1688.
May have been one of the Eyres of Howley Hall, Batley, and
perhaps the Mr. Eyre who died 21 June 1706 (None. reg.).
frankland's pupils. 575
150. Charles Dukinfield [Duckenfield]. Feb. 6, i688-g.
Sir Charles Dukinfield, baronet, 2nd but eldest surviving son
and heir of Sir Robert Dukinfield of Dukinfield, ist baronet.
Born 18 Nov. 1670, succeeded his father 6 Nov. 1729 and died
23 Feb. 1741-2 (Earwaker's East Cheshire, ii., 21). He was one
of the trustees of Knutsford Chapel, being described in the deed
as of Over Tabley, an estate which came to him by marriage.
151. Bezaleel Angier. Feb. 6, i688[-9].
Son of Samuel Angier, minister of Dukinfield and second
cousin of Samuel Angier (No. 37). M.D. of Utrecht 27 June 1703
his thesis being De Apoplexia. Admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 30 Sep. 1710 (Munk's Roll, ii., 33). Died
in London about i Aug. 171 7. He was one of the witnesses to
Henry Newcome's will 17 July 1695 (Newcome's Autobiography,
p. 285).
152. Owen Winn [Wynne]. Feb. 7, 1688-9.
153. Aaron Wood. Feb. 12, 1688-9.
Descended from a good family in Staffordshire (G. E. Evans's
Antiq. notes, i., 16). His stay at the academy and in a pastorate
in his native county, with which he is credited, must both have
been short, as about 1690 he became minister of Etal in Northum-
berland. There he remained until his death 29 Sep. 1730 aged
66. He was bur. in Ford churchyard where there is an altar
tomb with a Latin inscription to his memory.
His son Isaac was his assistant and successor at Etal and
another son, Aaron, was M.D. of Edinburgh University.
154. Joseph Ashurst. April 8, 1689.
Probably a member of the wealthy nonconformist family of
Ashhurst of Ashhurst, Lancashire.
155. William Buxton [* June 3]. June 30, 1689.
Being starred in Heywood's list we may assume that he became
a clergyman, but we have no knowledge of his career.
156. Thomas Sergeant [Serjeant D]. July 3, 1689.
" Mr. Sergeant junr " was present at the meeting in Bolton
May 7 1694 of the Lancashire ministers {Manchester Classis, 351)
and " Mr. Thomas Seargent son of Mr. Tho. Seargent of Stand
&c was bur. June ye 3^1 at Prestwich 1695 {Dukinfield register).
Probably both refer to this scholar, who is marked D. in Heywood's
list and was therefore dead before 1702.
576 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
157. Thomas Dickenson [Dickinson]. July 3, 1689.
On 2 Mar. 1 690-1 the Presbyterian Fund ordered £^ to be
allowed yearly to Mr. Thomas Dickenson towards his education
under Mr. Richard Frankland in Yorkshire to be continued for
one year and a half {Minutes, i., 27). He was minister of Gorton
at the time of his ordination, the date of which is variously given
as 24 May 1694 (Evans's Record) ; April 1694 (Hunter's O.
Heywood, p. 379) and 29 March 1694-5 (Newcome's Diary, p. 282).
Minister at Northowram (where he succeeded Oliver Heywood,
and continued the " Nonconformist register ") 1702 to his death
26 Dec. 1743. He preached two funeral sermons on T. Whitaker,
M.A. which appear in Whitaker's " Sermons," 1712. His funeral
sermon on J. Brooksbank was published in 1716. The inscription
on his gravestone describes him as " a worthy Minister of the
Gospel, who was eminent and exemplary for piety and usefulness,
behaved well in all stations of life, with meekness and universal
charity" [None, reg., p. xii.).
To Rathmell.
158. Edward Rothwell [Rauthwel]. August 23, 1689.
Probably a native of Holcombe, Bury parish, though his
baptism is not in the Bury register. He received a grant from
the Congregational Fund Board in 1690 {Cong. Hist. Soc, v., 141).
He was minister at Poulton-le-Fylde on 7 June 1693 when he was
ordained. Later he was at Tunley Chapel, Eccleston parish,
until about 1714. He preached occasionally at Walmersley.
He gave the land on which Holcombe Chapel (Old Dundee Chapel)
was built and preached the dedication sermon there on 5 Aug.
1 71 2. Eventually became minister at Holcombe and remained
there until his death 8 Feb. 1 730-1. He was buried in the chapel
yard. He was author of " A vindication of Presbyterian Ordina-
tion and Baptism" 1 721, and of " Psedobaptismus vindicatus."
The Rev. W. H. Burgess contributed an account of Rothwell
and of his note book to the Inquirer, 1904 pp. 627, 645, 662, 762.
Cf. also Dowsett's Notes on Holcombe p. 111-118 and the D.N.B.
159. William Chapham [Clapham]. August 23, 1689.
160. James Mitchell [Mitchel]. August 26, 1689.
Son of Richard Mitchell of Marton Scar in Craven. Had an
allowance from the Presbyterian Fund as " James Mitchel of
Skar in Craven." Ordained at Rathmell 7 June, 1693. Minister
at Ravenstonedale, probably as early as 1697 when on Aug. 24
he married, at the meeting house there, Mary Adamthwaite
frankland's pupils. 577
{Registers Ed. by Metcalfe). Received grants from the Presby-
terian Fund as minister of Russendale {i.e., Ravenstonedale)
1704-1711. Bur. at Ravenstonedale 15 Sep. 1712. According-
to Nightingale {Lane, none, ii., 213) he had been minister at
Chipping before going to " Rossendale," which the author mis-
takes for the Lancashire place of that name, where curiously
enough, there was a contemporary named Mitchell who was a
leader amongst the nonconformists and baptised children {New-
church-in-Rossendale registers, pp. 35, 36). The None. reg. gives
his age as 40 and the date of his death as Nov. 1712. There is no
reference to his ministry in Messrs. Dale and Crippen's article on
Ravenstonedale {Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., iii., 93). The Raven-
stonedale registers supply further particulars relating Mitchel's
wife and descendants.
161. Henry Wilkinson. August 26, 1689.
162. Humphry Hutchinson [Humphrey]. Sept. 3, 1689.
163. George Anderton. Sept. 3, 1689.
164. Samuel Davies [Davis]. Sept. 3, 1689.
" Mr. Samuel Davis " was the recipient of a student's grant
from the Presbyterian Fund {Minutes, i., 27).
165. Thomas Shaw. Sept. 11, 1689.
166. Henry Hardiker [Hardacres*]. Sept. 20, i68g.
Probably one of the Hardakers of Rawdon Hall, Guiseley
(Hey wood's Diaries, iii., 176). Henry Hardacre, a native of
Yorkshire, entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, as a sizar
27 Jan. 1691-2 and graduated B.A. 1695 ^^'^ M.A. 1699 {Informa-
tion of W. Chawmer, Master of Emmanuel). Being starred in
Heywood's list, this student probably became a clergyman.
167. Robert Lever [Leaver]. Sept. 20, 1689.
Probably a son of Robert Lever, ejected minister of Bolam,
Northumberland. Laureated M.A. at Edinburgh, 1693. Pre-
sumably the " Mr. Robert Lever, a Dissenting Minister," who
was buried at St. Oswald's, Durham, 7 Feb. 1728-9 (Barnes's
Memoirs, App., p. 478). See also No. 142.
168. Thomas Barber [Barbour*]. Sept. 30, 1689.
A nonconformist family named Barber was connected with
Timothy Jolly's congregation at Sheffield (Manning's History of
Upper Chapel, p. 198, &c.) and it is probable that this student
belonged to it. Of his subsequent career we know nothing but
2 P
578 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
being starred in Heywood's list we may assume that he became
a clergyman.
i6g. Joseph Dawson. Sept. 30, 1689.
Brother of Nos. 68, 203 and 204. Born 14 Mar. 1667 Had a
student's allowance from the Presbyterian Fund which was
increased 1 1 Jan. i6gj-2 irom £6 to £10 [Minutes,!., ^8). Ordained
at Rathmell, 7 June, 1693. Minister at Hartforth, near Richmond
Yorkshire. Minister at Rochdale from about 1696 to his death,
15 April 1739. " A very worthy good man, had preached there
40 years " (None. reg.). " Brother Clegg acquaints me by ye
Post with the death of my good old friend and brother Mr. Dawson,
Minister at Roachdale. He had been Minister there 43 or 44
years, and after a holy and useful life died in great peace " (Clegg's
Diary, p. 67). See also Nightingale, Lane, none, iii., 241, 242
and Hunter's Fam. min. gent, in which the date of his death is
given 14 Apr. This student is possibly the " Josephus Dawson
Anglo-Britannus " who was laureated M.A. at Glasgow i May
1719 [Muniinenta Alwie Universitatis Glasguensis, iii., 52).
170. Thomas Smythson [Smithson]. Nov. 21, 1689.
171. John Owen. Nov. 23, 1689.
Son of the Rev. Hugh Owen of Bron-y-clydwr, in the parish
of Llanegryn, Merionethshire. Before the establishment of the
Fund " Mr. John Owen of Lanegrin " had been assisted by Messrs.
Slater and Stretton, and the Presbyterian Fund continued the
allowance. " John was grave and serious from his childhood ;
he was a student under Mr. Frankland, and after some years
spent with him as his pupil, was chosen to be his assistant and
whilst he was so, his example and endeavours were of very good
use to several young men in the family, he had made great im-
provements in religion and learning before he left that place,
and entred upon the ministry with great seriousness and good
acceptance, and chose to spend his time and strength in the same
place where his Father lived and worked ; he was, I think, the
only Dissenting Minister in Merionethshire ; some occasions
leading him to Salop he fell sick there at Mr. Orton's House, and
in 9 days time died ; (being about 30 years of age) to the great
grief of all his acquaintance, and to the unspeakable loss of the
Church of God " (Tong's Matthew Henry, p. 201). He was Frank-
land's assistant to the end. His father dying in 1699 he suc-
ceeded to his estate of Bron-y-clydwr and to the ministry of the
congregation in that neighbourhood. He died in June 1700 and
was succeeded by his brother-in-law Edward Kenrick (No. 215).
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 579
172. Thomas Baddy [John Baddy]. Nov. 23, 1689.
Thomas was the correct Christian name. The Presbyterian
Fund in i6go made a student's grant to " Mr. Tho. Baddie of
Wrexliam," who had previously received assistance from Mr.
Slater and Mr. Stretton. In 1693 he became minister at Denbigh,
and remained there to his death in June 1729. " He was a
gentleman of some property, occupying a higher position in society
than most of his ministerial brethren." He wrote two volumes
of sacred verse and translated into Welsh several English theo-
logical works (B. Rees's Protestant nonconformity in Wales, p.
332). He is mentioned in the will of Dr. Daniel Williams.
173. William Spink [D]. March 7, 1689-90.
Is marked D. in Hey wood's list and so was dead before 1702.
He may have been a relation of Mr. Spinck of Morpeth a school-
master who had had a share in the education of Liddell, Frank-
land's first pupil.
174. John Benson [April 8]. April 3, 1690.
On 19 Jan. 1690-1 the Presbyterian Fund allowed £j^ per
annum to " Mr. Thomas Benson of Fournace Fells in Lancashire
as a young student now under the instruction of Mr. Richard
Frankland of Rathmell in Craven," {Minutes) but the Christian
name is given John in later references. He has been identified
with John Benson who was minister at Bridlington and was
bur. 2 May 1720, but there were other ministers of the name,
one at Sandwich and another at Great Marlow, who removed to
Chertsey, 1724 (Evans's list). These were son and grandson of
John Benson, ejected 1662 from Little Leghs, Essex (Calamy,
Cont., 484). In 1 69 1 " John Benson, a hopeful scholar, was
baptized at Wymond-houses " (Jolly's Note book, 139). A
Thomas Benson was minister at Hoghton Tower in 1725 (Peter
Walkden's Diary, p. 23).
175. Stephen Davies [Davis]. April 9, 1690.
Minister at Banbury, 1 709-1 739, and as such had, in 1728,
an extraordinary grant from the Presbyterian Fund.
176. John Taylor. April 11, 1690.
" John Tayler of Fournace Fells " had a student's grant from
the Presbyterian Fund. Minister of the meeting house, built
by Lord Wharton, adjoining Smarber Hall, in Swaledale (near
Low Row), and took the oaths 21 Aug. 1694 (Dale's Good Lord
Wharton, p. 51). Ordained 26 May 1698 by Mr. Frankland and
580 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
others. Described as " minister in the Dales " in 1704 when
he married Mrs. Ehzabeth Ellet [None. reg.). Miall, who gives
his christian name as James, says he was buried in 1713.
177. Thomas Valentine [D.] May i, 1690.
Perhaps the person of the name who was laureated M.A.
Edinburgh, 18 June 1697, but must have died shortly afterwards
as he is marked D. in Hey wood's list and so was dead before 1702.
He has been misidentified with another person of the same name
who was ordained at Knutsford 1719 and was minister at Epsom
before 1715, at Kingsley from about 1716 to about 1730, and at
Blackley from 1731 to his death 10 May 1755 (Evans's Record,
p. 17).
178. John Daws [Thomas Daws, May 16]. May 8, i6go.
John or Thomas Daws. One Thomas Dawes was minister at
Alston Moor (Garrigill) and afterwards at Kirkoswald [Cong.
Hist. Soc, iii., 214) but his identity with this scholar is doubtful.
According to Mr. J. Walton Robinson, Dawes commenced his
ministry at Alston Moor as early as 1686-7, and, if this date is
correct, he could scarcely have been a student with Frankland
four years later. Thomas Dawes, clerk, was bur. 28 Apr. 1703
{Kirkoswald reg.). He left a small endowment to Alston. The
probability is that the Alston minister is identical with Thomas
Dawes, reader, who was presented in 1677 for performing his
office at Renwick, he being then unlicensed (Nightingale's Ejected
of 1662, p. 1342)
179. Ralph Sherdly [Sherdley]. May 16, 1690.
M.A. Ordained deacon 1702 and priest 1708 (Farrer's North
Meols, p. 88). Curate of Rainford, Prescot parish, in 1702, being
apparently the first conformist minister there after the chapel
was recovered by the Establishment. Possibly he had been its
minister before the change. In 1704 he occurs as curate of Mag-
hull in Halsall parish [Victoria County History, Lanes., iii., 220,
386), and in 1708 as curate of North Meols (Farrer, North Meols,
p. 88). In 1 71 1 and 1714 he was living at Ormskirk [Parish
register), but in Jan. 1719-20 is described as of North Meols, where
his successor was appointed in Dec. 1722. He was still living at
North Meols on 9 Jan. 1726-7. On 14 Jan. 1726-7 his sister-in-
law Mottram left a small legacy to Mrs. Sherdley with precautions
" so as her said husband shall have nothing to do therewith."
Sherdley married a sister of Nathaniel Heywood (No. 39) and had
several children. On 6 Apr. 1733 a licence to marry was granted
frankland's pupils. 581
to Ralph Sherdley and Elizabeth Threlfall, both of Maghull. This
was possibly his second marriage.
180. George Lowe [Low]. May 21, 1690.
This student and the person of the same name admitted in
1694 (No. 238) are not easy to distinguish from each otner. The
first may be the " Mr. Lowe " who attended, from the Manchester
district, meetings of Lancashire ministers in 1694 and 1696
{Manchester Classis, 351, 357) though this is perhaps more likely
to have been Samuel Lowe (No. 129). The first George was,
along with John Ashe (No. 135) ordained by William Bagshaw
and others on 21 June 1698 (Dukinfieldreg.) or " about Midsummer
i6g6 " (Clegg's Life of Ashe, p. 58). He was for many years
chaplain in the family of Stephen Offley, esq. of Norton. " Having
left that place, and being returned to his father's house in Chappel-
le-Frith, he became his [John Ashe's] assistant, preaching once
in the raonth at Hucklow, and often at other places for the two
last years of his life " (Clegg's Life of Ashe, p. 71). Clegg says
that Lowe suffered from asthma, and though he continued preach-
ing, did so with difficulty. He died at Chapel-en-le-Frith in
April 1 71 7 {None. reg.).
The second George Lowe was perhaps " Mr. Geo. Lowe minister
at Ridgewell " in Essex to whom an allowance of ;^8 was made
by the Presbyterian Fund on 7 Jan. 1716-7.
181. CuMBERBACH Leach [Comberback Leech]. July 2, 1690.
Cumberbach, son of Jeremiah Leech of Alvanley, Cheshire,
previously of Grappenhall, by his wife Ellen Cumberbach. In
April 1695 he attended the meeting of Lancashire ministers,
being then described as a candidate. Later he attended as a
minister from Cheshire, 1696-99 {Manchester Classis, pp. 354-361).
In 1699 he was recommended to the Mill Hill, Leeds, congregation
by Matthew Henry, as " a neighbour of mine, a young man of
great modesty and approved integrity, who was for some time
assistant to Mr. Owen at Wrexham, and hath since been at
London and is not engaged at present to any place " (Thoresby's
Corresp., i., 379). For many years he was minister at Belsay,
Northumberland, and chaplain to Sir John Middleton, 2nd bt.
In the will of his uncle John Leech of Westleigh, 1715, Leech is
described as " of Calton, clerk," Calton being one of the Middleton
family seats. Sir John died in 171 7 and Leech was one of the
executors of his will. At Belsay Castle there was formerly a
volume of his transcripts of Latin discourses in theology, which
ghowed him to have been a laborious theologian. Leech made
582 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
his will 7 July 1730 being then resident in Clarges Street, West-
minster, where he had a leasehold house. He desired to be buried
at Bunhill Fields if he died in London. He left his Alvanley
property to a kinsman, his house in Clarges Street to several
ladies of the Middleton 'family, and after sundry other legacies
left the residue of his estate to Doctors Calamy, Wm. Harris,
Jabez Earle, Benjamin Grosvenor, Samuel Wright and Obadiah
Hughes, Joshua Bayes, gent, and George Smyth, M.A. The will
was proved 11 April 1733 and in a renunciation of executorship
by John Cay, Leech is stated to have " lately died."
(Dr. Ernest B. Leech has supplied references to this scholar
and for some of his information he was indebted to the courtesy
of Sir Arthur Middleton of Belsay Castle.)
182. John Kenyon. Jan. 9, 1690-1.
John Kennion son of James Kennion, gent, of Middleton in
the parish of Winwick, by Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Herle,
M.A. Rector of Winwick. He was a cousin of the wife of Samuel
Yates (No. 9). His father, who died in March 1675-6, left him
;^2oo. In 1695 he attended a meeting of the Lancashire ministers,
being described as a candidate from the' northern district. In
1697 and 1698 he attended from the Bolton district, and in 1699
from the Warrington district and is not described as a candidate
{Manchester Classis, 355-361). Apparently about 1699 he became
minister of Toxteth Park Chapel and so continued to his death
16 Aug. 1728, aged 55. His will, in which he is described as
" John Kenyon of Toxteth Park clerk " and which he signs John
Kennion, is dated 15 Aug. 1728 and shows him to have been
a man of means, with property in Toxteth Park, Whitworth and
Winwick. His executors were his wife and Matthew Nicholson
of Liverpool, merchant (ancestor of one of the present writers)
and the witnesses Dr. Henry Winder, the Rev. Joseph Lawton
and Samuel Aspinwall. He was buried at Toxteth Park and on
his gravestone his name is spelled Kenion.
His descendants, who remained connected with Toxteth Park
for several generations, included Edward Kennion, F.S.A. a
well known artist, and author of an important work on trees.
183. Richard Holt. Feb. 6, 1690-1.
Described as of the Warrington district and a candidate when
he attended a meeting of the Lancashire ministers in April 1695.
Was for a short time minister at Bromborough and for more than
twenty years minister of Castle Hey Chapel, Liverpool. Died
March 171 7-8.
frankland's pupils. 583
184. John Seddon [D.] Feb. 6, 1690-1.
Being marked D. in Haywood's list he was dead before 1702,
but, on the authority of Joseph Hunter, he has been included
in the list of ministers of Cockey immediately following John
Crompton who died 1702 (Evans's Record, p. 2). There were
Seddon families closely connected with nonconformity at Prestolee,
Ormskirk and Hindley, but we cannot identity this John. He was
not John son of Captain Peter Seddon of Prestolee, who was
bap. in 1662 and died in 1679, nor John son of James Seddon
of Prestolee, who was living in 1718 when his father's will was
made. He was probably the John Seddon who attended meetings
of the Lancashire ministers, 1694-1695, being described as a
candidate from the northern district as the latter date {Manch.
Classis, 352, 355).
185. Jos. Heywood. Feb. 10, 1690-1.
On 14 Mar. 169 1-2 the managers of the Presbyterian Fund
considered " the case of two young students under the instruction
of Mr. Richard Frankland of Rathmell in Yorkshire," one being
" Mr. Joseph Heywood the son of a schoolmaster in the said
county deceased," to whom an allowance was made subsequently
{Minutes, i., 64, 66). As early as September 1694, when he
exchanged pulpits with Oliver Heywood {Diaries, iv., 150), he
was minister of Tintwistle, and remained there at least until
8 Mar. 1697-8. Gordon supposes that he had been assistant
at Dob Lane prior to 1700 when he became minister there. He
removed to Stand in 171 3 and remained there to his death. He
was bur. i Nov. 1729 (Gordon's Dob Lane Chapel, pp. 25, 26;
Crofton's Newton Chapelry, ii., 191). Heywood marr. ist at
Bolton 14 May 1700 Martha, second dau. of John Lever, of
Bolton, ejected minister of Cockey Chapel {Bolton register; J.
Lever's will). She died in 1707, and Heywood married again.
186. John Travis [Travise]. Feb. 17, 1690-1.
Travers, as the name is given in the Presbyterian Fund minutes,
was ordained by Frankland and others 26 May 1698 {Dukinfield
reg.). He was minister at Selby, Yorks. until his death 24 Mar.
1717 {Christian Life, 13 Apr. 1912).
187. Isaac Worthington. Feb. 17, 1690-1.
Member of a family to which several ministers belonged. The
Rev. Hugh Worthington of Dean Row Chapel was a kinsman
(Burke's Family records, p. 642). Ordained by Frankland and
others 26 May 1698 {Dukinfield register). Minister at Whitby
584 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1699-1701 and afterwards at Tynemouth (North Shields). " Mr.
Worthington Dissenting Teacher of North Shields," bur. 24 Sep.
1733 {Tynemouth par. reg.). His funeral sermon on Benjamin
Bennet of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was printed 1727. He was an
antitrinitarian.
188. Nathaniel [Nathanael] Ogle. April 2, 1691.
Nathaniel, son of Ralph Ogle of Kirkley, Northumberland.
Medical student at Teyden and aged 20, 2 Oct. 1696 {Album
studiosorum). M.D. Physician of the forces under the Duke
of Marlborough. Succeeded to Kirkley. Died in 1736. His
second son Dr. Newton Ogle, Dean of Winchester, was ancestor
of the Ogles of Kirkley, and his third son Sir Chaloner Ogle,
Bart, was ancestor of the Ogles of Worthy, baronets. The Ogles
of Kirkley were early nonconformists (Calamy's Cont., 657).
189. Thomas Blinstone [Blinston]. April 9, 1691.
Was, as a candidate from the Warrington district, present at
meetings of the Lancashire ministers 1695 and 1696 and also
attended later meetings {Manch. Classis, 353-361)- Ordained
Mar. 1699 {Inquirer i Oct. 1904, p. 628). He was minister at
Park Lane near Wigan from 1697 to his death in 1721 at the
age of 48 (Fox's Park Lane Chapel, p. 26 ; Nightingale, Lane,
none, iv., 47).
190. Francis Clavering. April 21, 1691.
Sir Francis Clavering, baronet, son of John Clavering, eldest
son of Sir James Clavering, ist bart. of Axwell, co. Durham.
Bap. 9 Sep. 1673 at Ryton. Succeeded, 18 May 1726, his nephew,
as 5th baronet and died 31 Dec. 1738, s.p. (Surtees' Durham, ii.,
249).
igi. James Wood. April 22, 1691.
Son of James Wood of Chowbent (Atherton) and grandson of
James Wood of Ashton-in-Makerfield, both of whom are reckoned
amongst the ejected ministers of 1662. The Presbyterian Fund
made him a student's allowance, 20 Mar. 1692-3. He was minister
at Chowbent (Atherton), 1695 to his death, 20 Feb. 1759, aged 87.
Well known as " General " Wood from having raised and com-
manded a body of his congregation against the old Pretender
in 1 715. The name seems to have been spelled Wood by members
of the family, although it is often called Woods by others.
192. Cutbert [Cuthbert] Ogle. June 10, 1691.
Possibl}^ a relation of No. 188, but it is more likely that he was
frankland's pupils. 585
Cuthbert son of Edward Ogle of Whiston, Lancashire, who
entered St. John's College, Cambridge 1692 {Admission register,
ii., 125). He was born 1673 and died 1709 {Vic. Co. Hist. Lane,
iii., 350). The house of Henry Ogle of Whiston was licensed as
a presbyterian meeting place in 1672 (Turner's Original records,
p. 676).
193. Jonathan Bowes. June 13, 1691.
Is described as " son of an honest professor of Mr. George
Larkham's church in Cockermouth " in the Presbyterian Fund
minutes (i., 64) and received a student's allowance 11 Apr. 1692.
On 26 May 1698 he was ordained at Rathmell by Frankland and
others. Bowes is probably the person who, as Jonathan Bowes,
Anglus, entered Leyden as a student of medicine, 29 Sep. 1699,
though in the printed register his age is given as 20 {Album
studio s or iifn) . He took the degree of M.D. at Leyden, his thesis
" De febribus in genera," being printed in 1699.
194. John Sharp. August 13, 1691.
Only son of Thomas Sharp, M.A. (ejected 1662) minister of
Mill Hill Chapel, Leeds, who died in 1693. Thoresby {Diary,
i., 238) describing his death bed says " as to his son (John) who
was at Mr. Frankland's Academy, he prayed that God would
incline his heart to the ministry, and desired he might be con-
tinued at Mr. Frankland's, who is an excellent person, and very
serviceable to the Church of God." The son was still at Rathmell
on 18 Sep. 1694 (Thoresby's Diary, i., 263). On 22 Oct. 1699 he
entered Leyden as a student of medicine, being then aged 23
{Album Studiosorum) . He was Dr. Sharp of Horton when
Thoresby visited him in July 1703 (Diary, i., 436). The None,
reg. says he died 10 Jan. 1704-5 aged about 30. Thoresby was
present at his funeral at Bradford 15 Jan. " much troubled for
the loss of so hopeful a gentleman, who died in his prime " {Diary,
i., 458). Dr. Sharp was a nephew of Abraham Sharp, F.R.S.
395. Peter Atherton. August 20, i6gi.
Possibly Peter son of Peter Atherton, grocer, who was baptized
at St. Nicholas Church, Liverpool, 11 Oct. 1674. The father was
a prosperous man after whom Atherton Street was named.
196. Percival Roughley [Persival Roughley]. Jan. 14,
1691-2.
Mr. Roughley was present at meetings of the Lancashire
ministers, 1694-1697, being described in 1695 as a candidate
from the Manchester district {Manch. Classis, 351, 353, 358).
586 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
The Presbyterian Fund made grants to him as minister of Tam-
worth, 1 704- 1 709. In 17 10 the Tamworth grant was made to
James Huthwaite. Mr. J. S. Harding, the secretary of Tamworth
Unitarian Chapel, informs us that in the list of ministers the
name of Henry Roughley occurs, but that nothing is known of
him.
197. Thomas Dickenson [Dickinson]. Feb. 8, 1691-2.
This appears to be the Mr. Dickenson from Preston district
who was present at meetings of Lancashire ministers in 1699 and
1700, while No. 157 would be the person of the same name present
at the same meetings from the Manchester district {Manch.
Classis, p. 364). Presumably the Mr. Dickenson ordained by
Mr. Frankland and others 26 May 1698. On 8 Mar. 1708-9 when
minister at " Adleton Moor in Cumberland " he was proposed to
have a grant from the Presbyterian Fund {Minutes, ii., 180).
In other grants this place is called Alston Moor and Wiredale. In
1712 and 1733 he was minister at Carlisle [Presbyterian Fund
Minutes, ii., 210, iii., 177). It is evident from the Fund minutes
that Dickenson preceded John Turner as minister at Alston Moor
and did not succeed him as is stated in Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans.,
iii., 214 Possibly the Thomas Dickenson, late of Stainton, pro-
testant dissenting minister, administration of whose estate was
granted at Lancaster 14 Oct. 1754.
198. Robert Owen. March 7, 1691-2.
Possibly the person of that name, son of R. Owen of Glamorgan-
shire, who matriculated at Oxford 13 Mar. 1692-3 aged 18, and
was a member of Jesus College (Foster's Alum. Oxon.).
199- James Taylor. March 9, 1691-2.
On 23 Feb. 1690-1 Mr. James Taylor of Lancashire a young
student under the instruction of Mr. Frankland had an allowance
of ^4 which was in 1692 increased to ;^8 {P.F. Minutes). This may
refer to No. 176. Ordained 26 May 1698. He is presumably the
James Taylor who was minister at EUenthorp, Yorkshire, 1696
to his death 11 Feb. 1743, though Miall {Cong, in Yorks., p. 260,
311) identifies him both with the EUenthorp minister and with a
James Taylor of Low Row who was bur. 171 3. Mr. James Taylor
of Yorkshire had a Presbyterian Fund grant in 1732.
200. Joseph Noble. April 9, 1692.
Received a Presbyterian Fund grant as a student under Mr.
Frankland from 1692 to 1696. He has been identified with Mr.
frankland's pupils. 587
Noble of Bristol who died 1726 but that minister, whose name
was Isaac (Calamy, Cont., 500) was minister at Bristol as early
as i6go (Jolly's Note book, p. 100).
201. Nathaniel [Nathanael] Long. April 12, 1692.
The date of admission is perhaps too late, as on 14 Mar. 1691-2
the Presbyterian Fund added £^ to the £^ " formerly allowed
to Dr. Long's son of Durham," who is then described as being
under the instruction of Mr. Frankland {Minutes, i., 64). The
father, the Rev. George Long, M.D. had been ejected from his
fellowship of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1660, and from the
living of Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1662. At the latter place he
was afterwards a nonconformist minister. Why he is described
as of Durham does not appear. The son was minister at Wrexham
from about 1704 to his death in 1706. He was only 30. Buried
in Wrexham churchyard 17 July 1706. Matthew Henry des-
cribes him as "a serious good young man " (Palmer's Older
nonconformity in Wrexham, p. 60).
202. Samuel Wood. May 3, 1692.
Received a student's allowance from the Presbyterian Fund
20 Mar. 1692-3. Attended meetings of the Lancashire ministers,
1694-7, being described as a candidate 1695-6, and as from Bolton
district on each occasion. Probably brother of James Wood
(No. 191). As there were several ministers of the name identi-
fication is not certain. There was a Samuel Wood who was
minister at Norton, Derbyshire from 1705 or earlier and who died
Jan. 1723-4 [None. reg.). According to Browne [Congregation-
alism in Norfolk and Suffolk, p. 455) Frankland's student was
successively congregational minister at Wivenhoe, Lavenham,
Bishop's Stortford and Woodbridge, but as this minister died 28
Sep. 1748 aged 65, and was therefore born about 1683, his identity
with Frankland's pupil is impossible. Another Samuel Wood
was a minister in Devonshire.
203. Samuel Dawson [D.] May 13, 1692.
Brother of Nos. 68, 169, and 204. Had an allowance from
the Presbyterian Fund. Born 14 Nov. 1675 and bap. by Oliver
Heywood. Died of consumption 23 or 24 July 1696 and was
bur. at Morley [None, reg., Hunter's Fam. min. gen., 98 ; Yorks.
Co. Mag., p. 15).
204. Eli Dawson. May 13, 1692.
Brother of Nos. 68, 169 and 203. Bap. 12 Sep. 1677 by Oliver
Heywood. Had an allowance from the Presbyterian Fund.
588 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
Minister at Bradford and Halifax jointly with N. Priestley (No.
85) to 1728 afterwards of Halifax alone, to his death in 1744.
The son of an ejected minister, he was one of four ministerial
brothers, and had six sons educated for the nonconformist
ministry.
205. Jos. Beckett [Joshua Becket]. June i, 1692.
Had an allowance from the Presbyterian Fund. Mr. Becket,
a young candidate for the ministry and chaplain to Lady Sarah
Hoghton d. 15 Mar. i695[-6] aged 25. Bur. at Wrenbury (Tong's
M. Henry, p. 197).
206. Robert Hesketh [Heskith]. June 14, 1692.
Described as "of Ormeschurch " {i.e., Ormskirk), 9 May 1692
when the managers of the Presbyterian Fund first considered the
question of giving him " some assistance in his studies." A
grant was made in due course. Mr. Hesketh, a candidate from
the Warrington district attended meetings of the Lancashire
ministers in 1696. In 1697-8 he attended from the Northern
district and is not described as a candidate, in 1699 he is des-
cribed as from the Warrington district and in 1700 as from the
Northern district (Shaw's Manch. Classis, 356-362). Ordained
1701 (Jolly's Note book, p. 141). It is probable that his first
settlement was in the Fylde, Presbyterian Fund grants being
made to him in 1704, and apparently also in 1706, though his
name is given as Elswicke at the latter date. This suggests
that the Fylde chapel was Elswick. His ministry at Piatt chapel,
Manchester, is usually said to have been from 1704 to 171 2, but
the first grant to him at Piatt was in 1707 and the last in 1710.
On 4 Feb. 171 1-2 an extraordinary supply was given to Mr.
Robert Hesket of Winterburn and Horton in Yorkshire. In
1724 when his son was ordained he is styled " Mr. Robert Hesketh,
Craven " (Walkden's Diary, p. 23). He is probably the Robert
Hesketh of Bretherton, clerk, whose will was proved at Chester,
1753. He married 6 April 1708 Mrs. Hannah Sykes but he
must have had a previous wife as his son the Rev. Robert Hesketh,
junior, was born about 1697, being 77 at the date of his death
1774-
207. Samuel Nicholls [Nickols]. August 24, 1692.
The Christian name may have been John as John Nicholls
occurs in the lists of Frankland's students receiving allowances
from the Presbyterian Fund in 1695 and 1696.
The deaths of several persons named Samuel Nichols are
frankland's pupils. 589
recorded in the None. reg. but the identity' of any of them with
this student is improbable.
208. William Shaw. August 29, 1692.
209. Andrew Hill. [Oct. 28] Octob. 25, 1692.
" Mr. Hill, Mr. Kershaw and Mr. Gillebrand at Winterburn,
Tossid, Stratbotom and Burnham " received grants from the
Presbyterian Fund, 1704-1708. A "Mr. Hill" was minister at
Knaresborough and died about i Oct. 1720 {None. reg.). Miall
gives the Knaresborough minister's name as Ralph.
210. Peter Griffiths. [Nov. 2] Nov. 20, 1692.
Had no exhibition from the Presbyterian Fund and his later
career is unknown. Unless his christian name is wrongly given,
he could not be the minister at Darwen with whom he has been
identified. That minister's name was Griffith Griffith. In 1696
the Congregational Fund Board granted a " Mr. Griffith," who
may be this pupil, 20s. a sabbath so long as he preached in
Cambridge {Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., v., 139).
211. Thomas Hayes [Heys]. Jan. 10, 1692-3.
Probably the " Mr. Hayes " from Warrington district who
attended meetings of the Lancashire ministers, 1699 and 1700
{Manch. Classis, 361-364). Ordained Mar. 1699 {Inquirer, i Oct.,
1904, p. 628). The Rev. Thomas Heyes of Rainhill, near Liver-
pool, married (settlements dated 26 and 27 June 1729) Isabel
Danvers nee Crook, and both were still living in 1731 [Local
gleanings, ii., 237). Administration of the estate of Thomas
Heyes of Rainhill gent, was granted at Chester, 1742. A clergy-
man named Thomas Hayes, who was vicar of Hope from 1722
to about 1732 (Cox's Churches of Derbyshire, iv., 507) was probably
a different person.
212. Stephen Robinson. Jan. 16, 1692-3.
213. Thomas Gildart [Gildar]. Jan. 16, 1692-3.
Probably a son of Mrs. " Geldard " of York with whom Ohver
Heywood lodged in 1695 {yorks. County Mag., hi., 11). The name
was really Geldart. One of the family, John Geldart, was rector
of Holy Trinity, York, in 1650 when his son Thomas was baptized.
Thomas became an attorney. The student was perhaps his son.
214. Timothy Thomas. March 22, 1692-3.
Posthumous son of Rev. Timothy Thomas, ejected minister of
Morton Chapel, near Oswestry, who died 1676. Brought up by
590 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
his grandfather the Rev. John Evans, Independent minister at
Wrexham, and was minister at Pershore 1697 to his death 10
Jan. 1 716-7 (Palmer's Older nonconformity in Wrexham, p. 46).
His mother was half sister of John Evans (No. 283).
215. Edward Kenrick [Kendrick]. March 22, 1692-3.
Son of Samuel Kenrick of Fawnog Farm, Bersham, and brother
of the Rev. John Kenrick of Wrexham. Ordained 18 Aug. 1702,
married a sister of John Owen (No. 171) whom he succeeded as
owner of Bron-y-clydwr, and as minister of the congregations
at Bala, Dolgelly and Bron-y-clydwr. He was buried at Llanegryn
6 May 1741 (Palmer's Older nonconformity in Wrexham, p. 55).
He is mentioned in Dr. Daniel Williams's will, 1711.
216. R. DuKiNFiELD [Ratcliff Duckenfield] . April 8, 1693.
The Christian name suggests that this pupil was a son or
grandson of James Dukinfield of Hindley, Lancashire, by his
wife Ratcliffe, daughter of Richard Bold of Bold (Dugdale's
Visitation, i., 100). There is no mention of Ratcliff Dukinfield
in the elaborate Dukinfield pedigrees in Ormerod's Cheshire and
Earwaker's East Cheshire.
-zij. John Vauce [Vaus]. May 13, 1693.
The name is also spelled Vaughs and in James's List is
printed Vans, Vaus being the most correct. John Vaus was
ordained 26 May 1698, and died March 1728-9, having been
minister at Loughborough for about thirty years. He also had
charge of a congregation at Shepshed (W. H. Burgess's History
of the Loughborough Unitarian Congregation, pp. 7, 27, 28).
218. Richard Milne [Milnes]. May 16, 1693.
Son of Richard Milne of Milnrow, gent, and succeeded to his
father's property in Rochdale [Raines MSS., xxxi., 125). Bap.
1665. M.A. Ordained 1700 (Tong's Matthew Henry, p. 191 and
Dukinfield Register). Minister at Stockport from 1700, or earlier,
to 1 71 8. " Had left of preaching many years " at the date of
his death, 5 May 1732. He was married, 19 Oct. 1703, to Lydia
Stansfield. Dr. Clegg says " He was a friend I valued, having
lived in an intimate acquaintance with him near 40 years."
Clegg spent three days in Stockport helping Mrs. Milne to value
her husband's library, which contained " 1500 books and many
of them books of value " (Clegg's Diary, p. 44). The first meeting
house in Stockport was built during his ministrj^ 1702, and
his congregation consisted in 1715 of 629 persons. In 1717
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 59I
Milne had been " unable to preach this long time " and there
were dissensions in the congregation. Whether these were the
result of doctrinal differences does not appear, but the High
Calvinism of his successor Samuel De la Rose caused the with-
drawal of part of the congregation and the establishment in 1721
of the Presbyterian Meeting House (the predecessor of the present
Unitarian Church) (Heginbotham's Stockport, ii., 28, 50).
219. John Heslopp [Heslop]. May 17, 1693.
Son of Robert Heslopp. Was aged 20 in March 1698 when
he was enrolled a student of medicine at Leyden. He graduated
M.D. there, his " Dissertatio . . . de dentitione infantum
difficili seu laboriosa," being published in 1700. He resided for
some time at Whitehaven. On 14 Nov. 1722 he married Mrs.
Mary Seal, of Old Hall, near Stand {None, reg.), and apparently
removed there, as on 26 June 1727, when he made his will, he
described himself as " of the Oldhall in Pilkington." He was
buried at Stand Chapel, Aug. 1728. His wife survived him.
220. John Stanhope [Stanhop]. May 18, 1693.
It is probable that this is John, son of John Stanhope, esq. of
Horsforth, Yorkshire, student of Gray's Inn, 1694, matriculated
at Oxford (University College) 13 July 1695 aged 15 (Foster's
Alumni Oxonienses). Admitted as a pensioner of Jesus College,
Cambridge, 14 May 1697, " having resided three years at Univer-
sity College, Oxford " [Information of Mr. Edwin Abbott, Librarian
of Jesus) and graduated M.B. 1699 [Grad. Cantab.). Foster says
he was born 22 June 1678 and was of Horsforth. He was a J. P.
(Thoresby's Ducatus, p. 169).
221. Thomas Letherland [Leatherland]. July 7, 1693.
Is said to have " settled as a minister at Stratford " (Toulmin's
Hist, view, p. 581), but it may be that he had been confused with
John Letherland (No. 146) who was minister there.
222. Edward Smithson. July 10, 1693.
Was enrolled a medical student at Leyden, 18 Sep. 1698 and
3 July 1700, being 20 at the first date and 23 at the second {Album
stiidiosorum) .
223. Henry Mallinson [Mattison]. Octob. 7, 1693.
Possibly one of the numerous family of John Mallinson, ejected
minister of Melling (Calamy's Ace, 411 ; Cont., 566) but if so was
born when his father was an old man.
There was however a North Lancashire family named Mattinson
to which this scholar may have belonged.
592 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
224. William Benson. Jan. 16, 1693-4.
He was not, as has been suggested, identical with the WilUam
Benson who was minister at Knaresborough at least as early
as 1690 and died minister at Wakefield, 12 Jan. 1712-3 {None,
reg. : Thoresby's Corresp., i., 50, ii., 232 ; Diary, i., 81 ; Dale's
Yorkshire Puritanism, 191).
225. Marmaduke Drinkall. Jan. 16, 1693-4.
Perhaps a relation of Thomas Drinkhall or Drinkall. minister
of Lindale in Cartmel (ejected 1662). Probably son of Marmaduke
Drinkall of Slyne, Bolton-le-Sands, who died in 1716. Marma-
duke was laureated M.A. Edinburgh 1697. On 6 Nov. 1698, at
the age of 20, and on 3 July 1700, at the age of 23, Marmaduke
Drinkell, a Lancashire man, was enrolled a student of medicine
at the University of Leyden [Album studiosorum).
A person of his name and possibly the student's father, was
presented by the churchwardens of Bolton-le-Sands at the Arch-
deacon's Visitation, 23 Jun 1707, for not paying 4s. 6d. " his
assessment for the necessary repairing of our church." In 171 8
the churchwardens knew of no dissenters in the parish and in
1720 they reported " we have no meeting place " for dissenters
{Richmond archdeaconry records). Evidently then, if still living
at Slyne, Drinkall was not a minister and possibly not a dissenter.
The same names occur in 1741 as those of a defendant in an action
brought against the tenants of the manors of Ashton, Scotforth
and Stodday for trespass {D.K.'s ^27td Rep., p. 194).
226. Jonas Blaymire [Blamires]. Jan. 17, 1693-4.
Jonas Blamires, became minister of Durham. He was ordained
at Halifax 12 Aug. 1697 (Hunter's O. Heywood, p. 394). On
23 June 1698 he was married at Birstall to Lydia Nickol. Buried
3 Oct. 1708 {None. reg.).
227. Richard Wilson. Jan. 26, 1693-4.
Son of Thomas Wilson, of Leeds, merchant, and nephew of
Mrs. Ralph Thoresby. Born 24 July 1678. Recorder of Leeds.
Bur. 20 April 1761. He was bro. of No. 271 and father of
Christopher Wilson, Bishop of Bristol.
228. Thomas Andrews. Feb. 17, 1693-4.
It is probable that this pupil was only with Frankland tem-
porarily. On I May 1693 the Presbyterian Fund allowed £6
to Thomas Andrews who is described as a student under Mr.
Risley in Lancashire and he is also stated to be with Mr. Risley
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 593
in July 1695. He is presumably the minister at Penrith who
received grants 1704 to 1708, and at Dartford in 1714 {Minutes
of Presbyterian Fund). He was still at Dartford 1726 when he
died (Evans's list).
229. Wilfrid Curwen [Wilford Curron]. Feb. 20, 1693-4.
Great nephew of Mrs. Frankland, being the grandson of her
sister Helena, wife of Thomas Curwen of Sella Park. Wilfrid
was the eldest son of Darcy Curwen, esq. of Sella Park, and
received his christian name from his maternal grandfather, Sir
Wilfrid Lawson, of Isell, at whose house he was born, 5 Aug. 1678.
He was bur. at St. Bridget's 19 June 1722, a few week's before
his father's death. The Curwens and Christian-Curwens of
Workington descend from a younger brother of Frankland's
pupil.
230. Edward Gregg [Gregge]. March 8, 1693-4.
Probably one of the family of Gregge, prominent in the early
days of Lancashire and Cheshire nonconformity. Not related to
the Gregs of Styal, who are of Scots descent.
231. Richard Crook. Mar. 16, i693[-4].
Probably Richard Crook of Abram, gentleman, who in 1700
built the Presbyterian Chapel at Hindley, which remained his
property until 171 7 when he transferred it to trustees (Nightingale,
Lane, none, iv., 7). He was the son of Thomas Crook of Abram
gent. {Local gleanings, ii., 231, 232, 240). Administration was
granted at Chester in 1727 of the estate of Richard Crook of
Macclesfield esq., probably the same man.
232. Eben. Roscow [Eliezer Roscow]. March 16, 1693-4.
Ebenezer was the correct christian name. He had a student's
allowance from the Presbyterian Fund. In 1699 and 1700 he
attended, from the northern or Preston district, meetings of the
Lancashire ministers {Manch. Classis, 360, 362). The Presby-
terian Fund made him a grant as minister of Daintree [Daventry].
Northants in 1704, and for 6 months of 1705. On 8 Oct. 1705
he had a grant for his present support and is described as " Mr.
Roscoe late of Dantry." He was minister of Wantage receiving
grants in that capacity from 1706- 172 3, in which year he died.
W. H. Summers {Berks., etc., Congregational churches, p. 291)
says he was one of the non-subscribing brethren at Salters' Hall
in 1719.
2Q
594 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
233. John Wood. March 16, 1693-4.
Had a student's allowance from the Presbyterian Fund.
Perhaps John Wood, minister of Norton, who died about 1723
(Armitage's Chantrey land, p. 302). A person of this name,
probably however belonging to a later generation, was minister
of Horwich, died at Atherton 10 Mar. 1744, and was bur. at
Chowbent (Hampson's Horwich, p. 86).
234. Peter Peters. March 19, 1693-4.
Son of William Peters of Hindley, yeoman {Lane, and Ches.
Hist. Soc, Ix., 50). He was ordained at Rathmell 26 May 1698
and still there when Frank] and died and was one of the witnesses
to his will, 27 Sep. 1698. In 1699 he became minister of Mill
Hill Chapel, Leeds, and so continued to his death 4 Sep. 1705.
" A choice young man of excellent parts and usefulness " [None,
reg.). On 12 Oct. 1703 he marr. Mary Wilson, niece of the wife
of R. Thoresby, F.R.S., but evidently died without children,
as by his will, he left his property, after his wife's death, to his
cousin Ralph Peters, Town Clerk of Liverpool.
235. Edward Shaw. Mar. 21, 1693-4.
Is probably the person referred to in Frankland's letter of 25
Oct. 1697 in answer to an enquiry from Oliver Hey wood as to a
suitable man for the mastership of a school — " Here's an honest
man's son one Shaw, who would be glad of such imployment,
but I fear he will be too soft and bashful, and if you have schollars
forward in learning, I doubt he may be short in point of
sufficiency."
236. James Whittle [Whittel]. March 23, 1693-4.
Son of John Whittle of Pennington, Leigh, Lancashire. His
father was poor man and the son's education was paid for, in
part, by means of a " brief " which is printed on p. 161. Whittle
had grants from the Presbyterian Fund in 1695 ^.nd 1696. He
became minister at Gateacre about 1698. On 16 June 1702, when
he was ordained, he was described as of Lee in Lancashire (Wil-
liams's M. Henry, p. 143). Lee is probably intended for Little
Lee, an old name for Gateacre. He died in the year of his ordin-
ation and was bur. in Gateacre Chapel (Evans's Record, p. 59).
237. James Openshaw [D. March 26]. March 28, 1694.
" He was born near Cockey Chappel in Lancashire, educated
at Blakely School, and when he left Mr. Frankland began to
preach there-about, but after some time went with Mr. Harvey
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 595
to Chester, and assisted him. There he fell into a consumption
which took him off, to the great loss of the Church of Christ "
(Clegg's Diary, p. 22). Clegg says of him that he was " a good
wise affectionate real friend, a man of deep thought, of a clear
head, strict morals, great piety, and of a free communicative
temper to me ... I loved him entirely whilst he lived and
must ever honour his memory {Diary, p. 21).
238. George Lowe [Law]. April 11, 1694.
See ante No. 180.
239. James Towers. April 14, 1694.
It is possible that the Towers who entered in 1694 was John,
and not James Towers, as in 1695 ^^^ 1696 John Towers occurs
in the list of students at Frankland's Academy who were in
receipt of allowances from the Presbyterian Fund. James
Towers is said to have been related to Frankland but he is not
mentioned in his tutor's will. On 23 Aug. 1710 James Towers
of Giggleswick and Margaret Robertson of Ravenstonedale were
married by licence at Sedbergh. In 171 7 he was minister at
Rathmell and from 1722 to 1749 was at Tockholes. No. 304 was
probably his brother.
240. John Bradshaw. July 12, 1694.
Possibly John, son of John Bradshaw, esq. of Darcy Lever,
eldest son of the Rev. James Bradshaw, of Darcy Lever, ejected
minister of Wigan. Apparently died before his father (1706),
in whose will there is a reference to his portrait (Bridgeman's
History of the Church and Manor of Wigan, p. 471).
241. John Bradley. August i, 1694.
" Mr. John Bradley of in Wales " was ordained 18 June
1700, and " Mr. Bradley, itinerant " in North and South Wales
had grants from the Presbyterian Fund, 1699- 1703. He may have
been related to or even identical with John Bradley of Rivington,
schoolmaster, who was executor to John Walker (No. 127).
242. Richard Marsden. August 8, 1694.
The Christian name is given John in the list of students in
receipt of Presbyterian Fund grants in 1695 and 1696. Probably
Richard was the correct name and the student was perhaps
identical with Richard Marsden, a clergyman. This worthy, a
native of Lancashire, was curate of Sowerby in 1710 {None, reg.,
p. 203) and while there married Elizabeth dau. of James Stans-
feld of Bowood (Stansf eld's Stansfeld family, p. 208).
596 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
On 22 May 1722, being then M.A., he was instituted Vicar of
Hornsea in Holderness on the presentation of the King, and he
was also Chaplain to the Duke of Portland. In 1729 he was
■deprived of his living for bigamy. After being unsuccessful in
trade he resumed his original profession, became a missionary
at New Brunswick, in North Carolina, and died at Cape Fear
in that province (Poulson's Holderness, i., 327). A Mr. John
Marsden, of Sedbergh parish, (probably a clergyman) was married
there 25 Mar. 1702 to Agnes Washington.
243. Nathaniel [Nathanael] Whitfield. Octob. 27, 1694.
Probably a member of the Whitfield family who owned the
land on which Gateacre Chapel was built. He had a student's
allowance from the Presbyterian Fund. In 1700 " Mr. Whitfield "
of the Warrington district attended a meeting of the Lancashire
ministers [Manch. Classis, 364). Possibly at that date and
•certainly later he was minister at Knowsley receiving grants
from the Presbyterian Fund, 1 705-1 710. Knowsley does not
appear in the list for 1711. The minister is probably identical
with Nathaniel Whitfield of Ormskirk whose will was proved at
Chester in 1711.
244. Edward Jolley [Jollie, Jan. 28]. Jan. 23, 1694-5.
Dr. Clegg says {Diary, p. 20) he was a " bulky young man and
not of the strictest morals, he was the biggest man in the house."
Col. Fishwick (Jolly's Note book, p. ix.) suggests that he was a
son of the Rev. John Jolly of Norbury, and bro. of John Jolly
(No. 133), but he is not named in the will of Nathan Jolly, 1711,
which mentions John Jolly and two brothers, nor is he named in
the will, 1697, of Joseph Leech of Newton, the husband of the
Rev. John Jolly's widow.
245. John Davies [Davis]. April 10, 1695.
May perhaps be the John Davies who was Presbyterian minister
at Dyffrynhonddu, Brecknockshire, in 1715 (Rees's Protestant
nonconformity in Wales, p. 288).
246. John Jones. May 22, 1695.
Has been identified with John Jones son and successor of the
Rev. Gamaliel Jones of Hatherlow (No. 54), but the identification
is very doubtful. Gamaliel Jones was married 12 May 1682 so
that his son John could have been only just in his teens in 1695.
John Jones of Hatherlow was allowed to preach as a candidate
1 7 10, assisted his father and in 171 7 succeeded him as minister
of Hatherlow, where he remained to his death 1762 (Cocks's
Memorials of Hatherlow). John Jones of Hatherlow was in receipt
FRANKLAND S PUPILS. 5,97
of a grant from the Presbyterian Fund, and at his election as
minister contributors as well as communicants had votes. At
this period it is evident that Hatherlow was Presbyterian. Since
the evangelical revival it has been Independent.
247. Nathaniel Carr [Nathanael Carre, June 21]. June i,
1695-
248. John Disney. July 5, 1695.
Son of Daniel Disney of Lincoln. Born 26 Dec. 1677. If he
was ever a nonconformist minister it could have been for a short
time only as in 1703 he became vicar of St. Mary's, Nottingham,
a benefice he held to his death 3 Feb. 1729-30. He is referred to
in the funeral sermon on Joseph Crompton (No. 272) thus " the
Minister of the chief parish of the town of N — , (a man of great
learning and zeal for religion and virtue) was educated at the
same time with our reverend Brother deceased, in the same
school of the Dissenters." In Letters addressed to R. Thoresby
(p. 224) is an interesting account of his interview with George I.,
to whom he presented a copy of his " Genealogy of the House of
Brunswick-Lunenburgh." A descendant, John Disney, D.D.
Rector of Panton and Swinderby, which he resigned to become
a Unitarian minister, became possessed of an estate in Essex by
bequest of a friend, who thus recompensed his sacrifice for
concience sake.
249. Joseph Dukinfield [Duckenfield, July 19]. July 18,
1695-
There were two members of the nonconformist family of
Dukinfield named Joseph, but the identity of neither with this
student can be assumed. Joseph Dukinfield, son of Col. Robert
Dukinfield, was a nonconformist minister at Whitby and wrote
" The great work of the Gospel ministry explain'd, conform'd
and improv'd," 1707. About the same time he conformed and
eventually became vicar of Feliskirk, co. York and vicar of Thirsk
and died 5 April 1739 aged 58. His nephew, Joseph (brother of
No. 150), son of Sir Robert Dukinfield, ist bart., was born 5 Sep.
1688 and died 7 June 1706. Both of these Josephs would be
very young in 1695, and it is possible that the student was a
brother of No. 216 and belonged to a branch of the family whose
genealogy has not been printed.
250. Henry Flint. August 7, 1695.
Had a student's allowance from the Presbyterian Fund in
1697 and 1698, and occurs as preaching as supply at Gainsborough
in Dec. 1699 {Christian Life, Nov. 26, 1910, p. 600).
598 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
251. Nathaniel Ward [Nathanael]. August 7, 1695.
He was minister at Belper, Derbyshire, for the greater part of
the first lialf of the i8th century, occurring as the recipient of
Presbyterian Fund grants in 1712, 1713 and 1749. He was also
minister of Heape in 171 2 and of Pentridge in 171 7.
252. James Grimshaw. August 23, 1695.
Son of James Grimshaw of Rooden Lane, bap. at Prestwich
19 May 1678. (His mother Mary Grimshaw of Rooden Lane,
Prestwich, widow, died in April 1724 aged " near 92 "). Ordained
at Macclesfield June 1700. Minister at Lancaster 1701 to 1724
when he retired, being " discompos'd in mind, and unfitt for his
work." A scandalous circumstance is given as the real reason
for his resignation. Died at Manchester circa March 1727-8.
In his will, which was proved 1728, he is described as " of Lancas-
ter, clerk." He was author of a sermon published in 1716. His
wife, whom he married 30 June 1705, was Hannah sister of Peter
Finch (No. 45) [None, reg., Christian reformer, 1858, p. 530 ;
Nightingale, Lane, none, i., 215 ; Walkden's Diary, p. 13).
253. Michael Fletcher. August 23, 1695.
Was apparently a member of an Altrincham family. He was
minister of Cross Street (Ashton-on-Mersey), Cheshire at the
time of his ordination, 18 June 1700 (Dukinfield reg.), and so
continued until about 1728. He was one of the ministers who
joined in condemning the High Calvinism of Samuel De la Rose,
of Stockport, in 1722. It is probable that at the time of his death
he was minister at Stockport, as, in his will, he describes himself
as "of Stockport, . . . clerk." In this will, which is dated
19 June 1738, and was proved 16 June 1740, he bequeaths his
■" soul to Almighty God hoping through the alone merits of Jesus
Christ my only Redeemer to receive free and full pardon of all
my sins and to inherit everlasting life." He had messuages,
tenements and lands in Ashley, Mobberley, Stretford, High-
Leigh, Lymm, and Comberbach, but his personality was only
;^37 los. 6d. He was married at Flixton 3 Nov. 1699 to Phoebe
Gleave, and she and several children survived him.
254. Peter Aspinall. Sept. 17, 1695.
Was not Peter Aspinall or Aspinwall, minister at Warrington,
who died June 1696 aged 60, with whom he has been identified.
May be the " Mr. Aspin " mentioned by Rothwell in 1699 {Inquirer,
I Oct., 1904, p. 628).
255. Joseph Gellibrand. Feb. 12, 1695-6.
Had a student's allowance from the Presbyterian Fund in 1697
frankland's pupils. 599
and 1698. Ordained 1701 (Jolly's Note hook, p. 141). Minister
at Hesketh Lane, near Chipping, 1705. Minister at St. Helen's
1710 to his death 18 June 1740, aged 63. Evans {Record, p. 105)
mentions him as supply at Toxteth Park 1728 to 1737, but this
was the Rev. Thomas Gellibrand, who died in 1737 (Dowsett's
Notes on Holcombe, p. 115).
256. John Horrobin. [Feb. 25], Feb. 24, 1695-6.
Is probably identical with John Horrobin, curate of Billinge,
1704 to 1708 (Bridgeman's Church of Wigan, p. 751) whose estate
was administered, 1708. A John Horrobin matriculated at Jesus
College, Cambridge, 9 July 1698 and proceeded to the B.A.
degree, 1702 (Information of the Registrary of Cambridge Univer-
sity). Mr. Edwin Abbott, Librarian of Jesus, however, informs
us that no John Horrobin was member of that College, but that
a Robert Horrobin, born in Lancashire, was admitted a sizar
24 Jun 1698, elected a scholar on the foundation of Mr. Marshall
24 Jan. 1700-1 and on 17 Jan. 1701-2 was allowed to present
himself for the B.A. degree.
257. Jonathan Harvey [Harvy]. Feb. 26, 1695-6.
In 1699 he succeeded his father the Rev. John Harvie M.A.
ejected minister of Wallasey, as minister of a congregation in
Chester. He was ordained 16 June 1702. In 1706, owing to his
own ill -health and the superior attractions of Matthew Henry who
was minister of another congregation in the same city, he resigned
his charge, and his congregation joined Matthew Henry's. It
appears from his letters relating to his resignation that his name
was Harvie, though it is often spelled, by others, Harvy and
Harvey. He died in April 1708, aged about 30, being described
by Henry as " my good friend and brother " (Tong's Matthew
Henry, p. 191 ; Palatine Note Book, ii., 97 ; Roberts's Matthew
Henry and his chapel).
258. John Fletcher. Feb. 26, 1695-6.
In the list of allowances from the Presbyterian Fund, 6 July
1696, Thomas Fletcher occurs as one of Frankland's pupils. On
the similar list in the following November the name is repeated,
and against it, in another hand, is written " with Mr. Jollie."
Assuming that Thomas is a clerical error for John or vice versa,
it seems probable that this pupil was only a very short time
with Frankland. A Mr. Fletcher (possibly No. 253) attended,
from Manchester, meetings of the Lancashire ministers in 1699
and 1700 (Shaw's Manch. Classis, 361, 364). On 7 May 1705
John Fletcher received from the Presbyterian Fund a grant of
600 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
;^5 per annum, "to go to Scotland " {Minutes, ii., 137). A
Thomas Fletcher was minister at Mansfield, 1 705-1 71 3. Toulmin
{Hist, view, p. 581) says that Fletcher and Clegg were " ministers
of a congregation at Chapel le Frith," but Dr. Clegg's friend
(not colleague) was not this scholar but Edmund Fletcher of
Stockport, Middleton and Ashford who died 7 Oct. 1745 aged 41
and was bur. at Eyam {Cheshire Sheaf, 3rd ser., viii., 38).
259. James Clegg [Clegge]. Feb. 26, 1695-6.
Son of James Clegg, of Shawfield, near Rochdale. Born 20
Oct. 1679. Educated at Rochdale Free School, and at schools
at Oldham and Blackley. Was at Chorlton's Academy after
Frankland's death Afterwards chaplain at Rathmell and
minister to the small congregation there. Succeeded William
Bagshaw, the Apostle of the Peak, as minister at Chinley,
Derbyshire, 1703 and remained there until his death. Practised
medicine and obtained the degree of M.D. from Aberdeen Univer-
sity, 1729. Died 5 August 1755 and is buried at Chinley New
Chapel. Dr. Clegg edited William Bagshaw's " Essays on union
to Christ " and other works. He kept a diary from which inter-
esting extracts were printed under the editorship of Henry
Kirke in 1899.
260. Edward Aspinwell [Aspinall]. Feb. 27, 1695-6.
Probably Dr. Edward Aspinwall, Sub-Dean of the Chapel
Royal and Prebendary of Westminster, who died 3 Aug. 1732.
He received the degree of MA. Cambridge by Royal Command
1717 and that of D.D. in 1729. He was author of " Preservative
against Popery," 17 15 and of '" Apology, being a series of argu-
ments in proof of the Christian religion," 1 731 . He was favourable
to free discussion on religious matters {Grad. Cantab., Dictionary
of National Biography).
261. Isaac Antrobus [Antribus]. March 3, 1695-6.
Son of Isaac Antrobus, of Nether Knutsford, skinner. The
father was a friend of Matthew Henry and was a leading non-
conformist in Knutsford. The chapel there was built in 1694
on his property and he was one of the principal contributors
to its cost. The son, Frankland's scholar, who is described as
Isaac Antrobus of Nether Knutsford, gentleman, granted a new
lease to the chapel trustees in 1733. He was a schoolmaster at
Knutsford, and died 28 April 1734 aged 56. In Knutsford chapel,
where he was buried, there is a brass with a eulogistic inscription
in Latin.
frankland's pupils. 6oi
262. Christopher Basnett [Basnet]. April i, 1696.
Son of Nathaniel Bassnett of Chester, apothecary. Born 30
Jan. 1677 and bap. at St. Peter's, Chester. Minister of Kaye
Street Chapel, Liverpool, 1709 to his death 22 July 1744. Author
of " The Seaman's character " 1712, " Zebulun's Blessing," 1714
and " Church officers and their mission," 171 7. A notice of
Bassnett, written by A. Gordon for the D.N.B. is reprinted,
with additional notes by F. Nicholson, and long extracts from
his works, in H. D. Roberts's Hope Street Church. Bassnett's
brother William was grandfather of the wife of Robert Nicholson,
one of Rotheram's scholars, and of the wife of Thomas Percival,
M.D., F.R.S.
263. Robert Murrey. May 27, 1696.
Bom in Chester. Ordained 2 August 1705, being then minister
at Burton on Trent (Toulmin's Hist. View, p. 581). Removed
thence to Chester in 1720 and was colleague or assistant to the
minister of Matthew Henry's Chapel, where he had assisted
Henry before 1712 (Roberts's Matthew Henry and his Chapel,
p. 201). He published " Closet devotions," 1713, to which
Matthew Henry contributed a preface, and " Christ every
Christian's pattern," 171 5. In 1721 appeared " Liberty without
licentiousness," an anonymous booklet, on the Dr. Williams's
Library copy of which has been written " By Mr. Murry." . As
it was published by the same publisher as " Christ every Christian's
pattern " there can be little doubt that " Mr. Murry " was
Frankland's pupil. The book is a plea for the utmost liberty of
private judgment. In 1737, by which time Mr. Gordon surmises
that " possibly his religious liberalism . . . led him to
retire from the ministry," he edited with J. Rogerson, J. Platts's
" Rational account of the principles of Christianity," which was
a "very liberal" work. "The ReV^ Mr. Robert Murray" was
buried at Trinity Church, Chester, 3 Mar., 1760.
264. John Walmsley. June 19, 1696.
265. Meterell Walter [Meverill Walter, June 22]. June
23, 1696.
266. Anthony Hatfeild [Hatfield]. July 4, 1696.
Son of John Hatfield, gent, of Laughton, Yorkshire. Died
between 14 Oct. 1754 and 1756. In his Diary under date 24
Sep. 1 74 1 Dr. Clegg writes " Came safe to Gainsborough. . There
I found a good old acquaintance whom I had not seen in forty
years before, that was Mr. Anthony Hadfield. He had served
apprenticeship to a merchant in Hull, had been 30 years and more
602 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
in Africa, seven years ye British Consul at Tetuan, and is now
returned to pass the remainder of his time in his native country ;
and great was our mutual rejoycing."
267. Richard Key [Kay, July 16]. July 15, 1696.
Son of Thomas Key, nonconformist minister at Walton-le-Dale,
and was bap. at Walton 26 Oct. 1681.
Matthew Henry writes, under date 31 Jan. 1705-6, of this
student : — " Mr. R. Key son of Mr. Key a nonconform' Minister
at Walton near Preston, Lane, a witty young man, sometime
pupil to Mr. Franklin and Mr. Chorlton ; about 3 years agoe,
thinking himself too good to be a Nonconform' went to Cambridge,
maintain'd at Kathn Hall by Mr. Hourdley's means ; now in
Chester prest for a soldier, and hurried to Ireland. The Lord
is righteous " (H. D. Roberts's M. Henry and his chapel, p. 105).
268. Daniel Hawkins. August 4, 1696,
Probably a brother or other relation of Isaac Hawkins, minister
at Wakefield.
269. Isaac Grace. Dec. 10, 1696.
Perhaps Isaac son of John Grace of Childwall, Lancashire, who
matriculated at Oxford 4 March 1705-6 aged 24, and became
rector of Saxmundham, Suffolk in 1716 (Foster's Alumni Oxon.).
The identity is somewhat doubtful as if 24 in 1706, Frankland's
pupil would have been only 14 when he went to Rathmell.
270. Jenkin Evans. Dec. 18, 1696.
The date of admission must be wrong as Evans occurs in the
Presbyterian Fund list of allowances to students, i July 1695,
as being then with Mr. Frankland {Minutes, ii., 10). His name
is also in the two lists for 1696 {Ibid., ii., 16, 26). He became
minister of Oswestry being there in 1701 when he had a grant
from the Presbyterian Fund. Died 18 Aug. 1709 aged 34.
Matthew Henry, who preached his funeral sermon, said " he was
much beloved in Oswestry, and did good there and the country
about (G. E. Evans's Oswestry chapel registers).
271. Thomas Wilson. Jan. 4, 1696-7.
Brother of No. 227. Became a merchant in Dublin.
Presumably the Thomas Wilson of Dublin who wrote " An
account of the foundation of the Royal Hospital of King Charles
II near Dublin, for the relief and maintenance of ancient and
infirm officers and soldiers," 171 3.
272. Jos. Crompton [Joseph Crompton]. Jan. 7, 1696-7.
Son of John and Margery Crompton of Breightmet, born 4
Aug. 1680 and bap. at Bolton parish church 8 Aug. His father.
frankland's pupils. 603
who died in 1688, was not a dissenter, but his mother was a
member of Mr. Bourn's congregation. Joseph was for about
18 years a Presbyterian minister and schoolmaster at Little
Ireton and elsewhere near Derby. About 1711 he began to
think seriously about conformity, but it was not until 22 March
1 718-9 that he announced to his congregation at Little Ireton
his determination to conform. The reasons for the delay are
frankly set forth in letters appended to his funeral sermon.
They were not doctrinal. He stated he had had no offers of
preferment to induce him to conform, but he had not long to
wait for his reward. He accepted episcopal ordination and on
27 Nov. 1 719 was inducted Rector of Normanton on the Soar,
CO. Notts. {Information of Rev. J. C. Hamilton, son of the Rector
of Norm-anton) and remained there until his death. A funeral
sermon, preached 30 March 1729 by Robert Marsden, was printed.
From this we learn that as a church clergyman Crompton was
" remarkable " for doing " double duty in the pulpit every
Lord's day " and that the poor of his parish used to find both
Doctor and Apothecary at the Rectory.
273. William Pendlebury. Jan. 7, 1696-7.
Sometime Minister at Kendal. A notice of him appears
in chapter xxii. (p. 238).
274. Miles Baxter. Jan. 29, 1696-7.
Completed his studies under Mr. Coningham of Manchester.
Minister of Carlisle, and had grants from the Presbyterian Fund,
1705-8, and was at Windburn, Dorset, in 171 2. He was living
in March 174 1-2 when he had an extraordinary supply from
the Fund . He was not one of the four ministerial sons of Nathaniel
Baxter, ejected vicar of St. Michael's-on-Wyre (Calamy, Cont., 571).
275. John Atkinson. [March 3] March i, 1696-7.
It is impossible to separate the earlier careers of the two John
Atkinsons (275 and 280) who entered the Academy the same
year. " Johannes Atkinson, Anglus peregrinus e Lancastria,"
graduated M.A. at Edinburgh 29 Mar. 1699, and John Atkinson
entered Chorlton's Academy at Manchester 26 June 1699. Both
Johns were ministers if we are right in assuming that one was
John Atkinson of Crook and Cockermouth and the other John
Atkinson of Stainton.
John Atkinson of Cockermouth was minister at Crook and as
has already been mentioned {Ante, p. 440) in May 1701 under the
description of "a Presbiterian priest " and a " Presbyterian
minister," was in trouble for preaching without a licence. He
604 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
became minister at Cockermouth, a congregational church, in
Oct. 1 701, and remained there to his death about 1732. His
ministry was successful, and a minister's house and a new chapel
were built in his time. He was evidently not so strict on some
points as his predecessor had been, for one of the first things done
in his ministry was a relaxation of the rule that only the children
of church members should be baptized (Lewis's Cockermouth
Church). Apparently however he was "sound" in doctrine as
his book " A discourse of election " (1708) contains a "vindication
of this doctrine of election, in answer to a late pamphlet, entitled.
Absolute predestination not scriptural." It also contained a letter
to a friend, " once in danger of the Quakers delusion " (Smith's
Bibliotheca Anti-Quakeriana) .
John Atkinson of Stainton, was minister there for many years.
He was the spokesman of the orthodox party in Westmorland
and in 1724, 1726 and 1731 published pamphlets in which the
doctrine of the Trinity is defended. Some account of these works
will be found in another chapter. Ante, p. 284 (Nightingale, Lane,
none, i., 294).
Mr. Colligan {Cong. Hist. Soc, iii., 220) is inclined to identify
John Atkinson of Stainton with John Atkinson " of Motherby
School-master in Graistok " who, in 1696, signed the testimony
to the truth of Henry Winder's narrative.
Dr. Nightingale adopts this identification {Ejected of 1662,
p. 1289) and shows elsewhere (p. 1343) that Atkinson of Motherby
was schoolmaster there as early as 1674. If this identification
is correct one of the students remains unaccounted for, as Atkinson
of Motherby must have been too old to be one of Frankland's
pupils in 1696.
276. George Wiggot [Wigget]. March 8, 1696-7.
" Georgius Wiggett " was a student at Glasgow University in
1 700 and probably took a degree there, but the record of graduates
from 1686 to 1705 is missing {Munimenta Alme Universitatis
Glasguensis, iii., 168).
George Wiggett, minister at Hatfield, Essex, had grants from
the Presbyterian Fund, 1 707-1 730. He occurs in F.vans's list
as of Hatfield Broad Oak, or Hatfield Heath. A George Wiggett,
possibly the same, was minister of a congregational church at
Soulhwold from 1748 to his death 1752 (Browne's Congregation-
alism in Norfolk and Suffolk, p. 435).
277. William Wolstanholme [Woolstenholm]. March 18,
1696-7.
Son of Thomas Wolstenholme, his mother being a niece of
frankland's pupils. 605
Oliver Heywood. Is, no doubt, the " little kinsman " referred
to by Heywood in a letter of 16 March, 1696, as having gone
to Mr. Frankland's [Diaries, iv., 174). After Frankland's death
he removed to Chorlton's academy at Manchester, 19 April 1699.
He was living in Feb. 1701-2 (O. Heywood's Diaries, iv., 296).
The will of a person of the same name, William Woolstenhulm,
of Tottington, was proved at Chester 1735-6.
278. Richard Lessingham. March 24, 1696-7.
Succeeded Mr. Jackson as minister at Long Buckby, Northants,
and had a Presbyterian Fund grant continued to him 5 May
1712 [Minutes, ii., 211). In 1715 he was Independent minister
at New Bucknam (or Newnam), Norfolk (Toulmin's Hist, view,
p. 581).
279. Richard Chorley. April 3, 1697.
Son of Alderman John Chorley of Preston, and nephew of
Rev. Josiah Chorley of Norwich. Bap. 21 Nov. 1680 [Piccope
MSS., ii., 230). He is mentioned in his father's will, dated 14
March 1714, but is not there stated to be a minister. He was
to receive ;i^ioo which would raise his portion to ;^300. He was
minister at Filby in 171 7 and was still there in 1722 when he
had a grant from the Presbyterian Fund. Minister at Framling-
ham 1723 — 1731-2 and at Diss (?). He suffered from an imper-
fection of sight which terminated in blindness, he therefore
resigned his ministry (Browne's Congregationalism in Norfolk
and Suffolk, p. 538). Conformed in a lay capacity and died in
1762. There is a short notice of Chorley in the Dictionary of
National Biography.
280. John Atkinson. April 3, 1697.
See No. 275.
281. Samuel Snowden [Snawden]. May 24, 1697.
282. Henry Baliel. May 24, 1697.
Probably Henry Daliel, who was at Glasgow University with
No. 276 and graduated M.A. Minister of Filby, Norfolk, 1706 to
his death. Bur. in Filby Chapel, 2 Jan., 17 10 (Evans's Antiq.
notes, i, 30, 48).
283. John Evans. May 26, 1697.
Son of John Evans, master of Oswestry Free School (ejected
1662) and afterwards an Independent minister at Wrexham.
Born at Wrexham about 1680. " He had his education first
under Mr. Thomas Row of London ; and afterwards under Mr.
Richard Frankland at Rathmill in Yorkshire. He enjoyed great
advantages under both, and made a great proficiency in all the
parts of rational and polite hterature, which he cultivated and
6o6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
improved all his life. He enlarged his views of several things
beyond those of his education, as sincere and inquisitive minds
often see reason to do " (Dr. Harris's Funeral sermon, 1730).
Ordained 1702. Minister in London 1704 to his death 16 May
1730 aged 50. D.D. of Edinburgh and Glasgow. Collected
materials for a history of nonconformity in England. Author
of numerous works. Assistant and friend of Dr. Daniel Williams,
and was one of the original Trustees named in his will and was
buried in the same vault in Bunhill Fields [Dictionary of National
Biography: Jeremy's Presbyterian Fund, p. no; Palmer's
Older nonconformity in Wrexham).
284. John Wareing [Hareing]. June 17, 1697.
Probably John son of Samuel Wareing of Bury, Lancashire,
merchant, born 16 Jan. 1680-1. The family pedigree in Ormerod's
Parentalia gives no further particulars of him.
285. Thomas Wainman. July 5, 1697.
Son of Richard Wainman of Mortonbanks, Bingley, bap. 3
June 1679 {Par. reg.). Minister at Eastwood, near Hebden
Bridge, for a short time, and at Bingley, 1703 to his death, 8 Jan.
1746 in his 68th year. His gravestone in Bingley parish church
yard has the inscription " His delight was in the law of the Lord,
and in that law he meditated day and night." (J. Horsfall
Turner's Ancient Bingley, pp. 157, 158). In Dec. 1703 he marr.
Mrs. Sarah Walker {None. reg.).
286. Jon. Nightingale [Jonathan, July 12]. July 13, 1697.
Afterwards at Chorlton's academy, Manchester, which he
entered 20 Feb. 1698-9. Had a call to Elswick Chapel in the
Fylde, 1703 (Jolly's Note Book, p. 141). The Wymondhouses
Church Book under date 1705 had a " Paper of Mr. Nightingale's
case : his death" {Ibid., p. 141). In the Blackburn parish reg-
isters is recorded the burial on 25 Oct. 1705 of " Jonathan Nighting-
gale of Andlesark, Bolton parish, a decenting minister." He was
probably a congregationalist, and his stay at Elswick could have
been but short, if he accepted the call, as Robert Hesketh (No.
206) appears to have been there in 1704.
287. Daniel Madock [Maddocks, July 12]. August 11, 1697.
Son of Dr. Joshua Madock of Whitchurch, Shropshire, a friend
of Sir Isaac Newton. " His first years were spent in old Mr.
Philip Henry's family, where he was early formed to piety, as
well instructed in good literature. In 1697 he went to Rathmel
in Yorkshire, where he began his philosophical studies under
the learned Mr. Frankland." Finished his academical course
frankland's pupils. 607
under Dr. Benion. " Entered on the ministry in the neighbour-
hood of Chester, where he had the favour and friendship of good
Mr. Henry, to whom he was related ; and who presided at his
ordination." Minister at Uttoxeter from about 1709 to his death
in 1745. A funeral sermon, preached, 26 May 1745, by Dr.
Latham, was published. In an appendix is the list of Frankland's
scholars which is the basis of the present list.
288. Thomas Davie [Omitted by Heywood]. August 26, 1697,
Thomas Davie or Davy was from Leicester and was drowned
in the Ribble whilst bathing, 1698. James Clegg tried to rescue
him but failed and the body was recovered by hooks the next
morning (Clegg's Diary, p. 22).
289. William Perkins. Octob. 10, 1697.
Although the dates would not allow him to have spent the
usual time under Frankland's tuition, this student is probably
the Mr. W. Perkins who, according to the Rev. Bryan Dale,
was minister at Hartforth, near Richmond, Yorkshire, from 1698
{Christian Life, 26 Mar., 1904). He was marr. 9 Apr. 1702 and
was then "of Richmond preacher" {None, reg.), so we may
conclude that he had not then been ordained. He was minister
at Elswick in the Fylde in 1712 and 171 3 and received grants
from the Presbyterian Fund. In 1713 he became minister at
Dob Lane Chapel, Failsworth, where he remained to his death.
He was bur. at Dob Lane 4 Nov. 1724 (A. Gordon's Dob Lane
Chapel, pp. 26-29). On 6 June 1715 the Presbyterian Fund,
considering "his extraordinary necessities" made Perkins a
grant of £5.
290. Samuel Green. [Oct. 19] Nov. 6, 1697.
" Mr. Green " was one of the ministers present at the ordination
of Robert Moss, 15 Oct. 1713 (Nightingale's Lane, none, i., 87),
but we know nothing further about him. This scholar was
probably too old to be identical with Samuel Green of Heversham
who matriculated at Oxford, 1703, aged 16 and became a D.D.
(Foster's Alum. Oxon.).
291. William Cook. [Oct. 19, 1697] Jan. 5, 1697-8.
Is amongst those old students named by Dr. Latham in his
funeral sermon on Madock, " who have left a fragrant odour
on their names." He appears to be the William Cook who was
minister at Clare, Suffolk, the Presbyterian Fund grant to him
there beginning in 1704. He died in 171 8 (Evans's List). His
successor at Clare first received the grant 5 Oct. 1719.
6o8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
292. James Brownlow. [Mar. 24] Jan. 12, 1697-8.
Continued his studies at Chorlton's academy, Manchester.
Minister at Hindley from about 1706 to " about 1746 " according
to Nightingale [Lane, none, iv., 8), but as his will was proved in
1744 that date is too late. When he made his will he was of
Ince in Makerfield.
293. Eliez. Aray [Eliezer Aray, Feb. 21]. Feb. 22, 1697-8.
Received a student's allowance from the Presbyterian Fund
and was successively under the tutorship of Frankland, Coningham
and Chorlton [Presbyterian Fund Minutes). Minister at Shires-
head Chapel, Cockerham until 1 707 when he and his congregation
were evicted, the building being recovered by the Established
Church. They built Forton chapel where Aray remained to his
death 29 Apr. 1729 (Nightingale, Lane, none, i., 184 ; Walkden's
Diary, p. 5).
294. John King. [Mar. 24] March 22, 1698 [1697-8].
Completed his training under Dr. Benion. Probably the
John King who in 1738-39 was minister at Dodington, Whit-
church, Shropshire. A letter addressed by Frankland 's pupil
to his old friend Daniel Madock is printed in Dr. Latham's
funeral sermon on Madock. " Lying in a comer as I do — the
receiving and much more the reading of your letter, gave me
that pleasure, which I have not often found and felt. It plainly
shewed me the serious temper with which it was wrote, and led
me to the like. How just and moving are the reflections you
make, and what a scene have you brought me into, of past times,
persons, places and actions ; which tho' I have often called to
mind, yet your letter gave me the occasion of a more special,
and perhaps a more serious recollection. I willingly travel with
you to every place where you conducted me, and where we have
been heretofore, as fellow-scholars, fellow-students, and neigh-
bouring ministers ; and you'll easily imagine what a multitude
of thoughts, such an imaginary journey would create." He
deplores the " prevailing Libertinism of the present age, both
speculative and practical," and mentions his own infirmities.
Dr. Latham says he was " a person of a fine genius and the most
polite parts : but too much resembled Mr. Madock in an excess
of modesty."
Frankland's student is stated by Toulmin [Hist, view, p. 583)
to have been " of the family of Lord Chancellor King," who was
the son of an Exeter grocer.
A much earlier John King " the son of John King cutler of
frankland's pupils. 609
Sheffield " received a Presbyterian Fund grant 2 Mar. 1 690-1
and in 1692 was under tlie tuition of Mr. Vincent AIsop of West-
minster {Minutes, i., 27, 75).
295. Thomas Benion [Benyon, Mar. 24]. March 22 i6q8
[1697-8].
Perhaps Thomas Beynon, Presbyterian minister at Kilcam,
Rhydlogyn and Trelwyn in Cardiganshire, and New Chapel,
Newport and Trewen, Pembrokeshire, who d. 1728 (Rees's Pro-
testant nonconformity in Wales, p. 288, 291). He had a grant from
the Presbyterian Fund in 1718 as minister of " Rhidlogin."
Has been misidentified (Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans., ii., 429 and
elsewhere) with Dr. Benion of Shrewsbury, whose Christian name
was Samuel.
296. James Lawton [Lareton]. March 29, 1698.
Son of James Lawton, ejected minister of Dower [Dore ?],
Derbyshire, schoolmaster of Oldham, who conformed in 1693.
The son was ordained at Warrington 16 June 1702 (Tong's M.
Henry, p. 191). In 1699 he was supplying at Greenacres Chapel,
Oldham and about 1701 became minister in Liverpool. He
died 7 May 1706 and was buried at Toxteth Park Chapel. His
will and that of his widow, are printed in Rev. H. D. Roberts's
Hope Street Church, Liverpool. The None. reg. says " A young
man, had preacht about 5 years." His brother Joseph was
minister at Gateacre.
297. Richard Bursey. [May 6] May 10, 1698.
298. John Clarke [Clark, May 24, 23] May 17, 1698.
Perhaps a son of a nonconformist preacher towards York, of
whose own youthful dealings with the devil a curious story is
told in Heywood's Diaries, i., 344.
299. John Grace. [May 24, 23] May 17, 1698.
300. John Heywood [May 24, 23] May 17, 1698.
His identity with John son of John Heywood, and cousin of
Oliver Heywood is suggested by Evans {Record, p. 17). This
cousin of Oliver's was born in 1677 when his father was 75 years
old.
Frankland's pupil was ordained at Warrington 16 June 1702
and was minister at Blackley from 1702 to his death Jan. 1 730-1.
Bur. 28 Jan. in Blackley Chapel, but there appears to be no
existing memorial of him there.
301. James Halstead [Halsted, May 7]. June 7, 1698.
Eldest son of James Halstead of Warley, near Halifax, baptized
7 Dec. 1680 {None, reg., p. 32). He, " a lovely gracious young
2 R
6lO THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
man, a fine scholar," was buried at Halifax lo May 1699 {None,
reg., p. 95) having died in a consumption. Oliver Heywood
preached his funeral sermon from which the following extracts
are given by Clegg in his Life of Ashe. " The eldest son James
. was sent to Mr. Frankland's in 1698, and continued
while that good Man lived, and some time after ; and being
exceedingly studious, made great Proficiency. It's question'd
whether his extraordinary Intenseness on his Studies, did not
prejudice his Health." " So set this bright Morning-Star : thus
went off the Stage a young Timothy, who tho' he lived not to
Preach in a pulpit, preach'd in his short and exemplary life."
His sister Martha was the second wife of John Ashe (No. 135).
302. Reynold Tetlaw [Reynald Tetlay, July i]. June 14,
1698.
On Frankland's death Renald Tetlaw removed to Chorlton's
academy, Manchester. Ordained 16 June 1702, being then
minister of Tintwistle, Cheshire (Tong's M. Henry, p. 192). Soon
afterwards, probably in 1703, he removed to Rainford, where he
was first minister of the chapel built by the Nonconformists
after the recovery of Rainford Chapel by the Establishment.
Curiously enough the first episcopal curate of Rainford Chapel
after the ejection of the nonconformists was Ralph Sherdley,
one of Frankland's pupils (No. 179). Tetlaw remained minister
at Rainford for over 40 years and died there i Dec. 1745, aged
69 (Nightingale, Lane, none, iv., 174). His long and interesting
will, dated 1744, is printed in Earwaker's Lane, and Ches. Wills
(Chet. Soc, N.S., 3, p. 180). The religious preamble reads " I
commend my pretious soul into the hands of God my Gracious
Father hoping thro' the merits of my dear Redeemer to receive
the free and full pardon of all my sins and an Inheritance amonsgt
all them that are sanctified."
303. David Some [Sands, July 2]. July 4, 1698
Occurs also in the list of Jolly's pupils at Attercliffe. Minister
at Market Harborough and Kibworth. Died 29 May 1737. In
1735 he and several others, including Philip Doddridge, supplied
the lecture at Crick in Northants {Presbyterian Fund minutes,
iii., 305). Several of his sermons were published, one of them
being " The methods to be taken by ministers for the revival
of feligion " (1730). In this he takes occasion to praise the
" Shorter Catechism," which, he says, " is generally taught in
our churches." " I have given a public testimony of my regard
to that valuable compendium of Christianity, and yet I would
frankland's pupils. 6ii
by no means oblige others to declare their assent to every thing
contained in it." In the preface he says "I am sufficiently
aware, that the hints I have given in favour of Liberty, will not
be acceptable to them who complain of it as the source of the
evils which now threaten us, and desire to have it restrained
rather than enlarged ; and they who consider Christianity as a
refined System of Morality, and not as an institution designed
to recover fallen man, and bring him to God, will dislike many
things in these papers." Some opposed subscription of " articles
of faith in words of human device, as a test of orthodoxy " (Toul-
min's Hist, view, p. 384). Dr. Doddridge published, some years
after Some's death, a " judicious tract " written by him, in favour
of inoculation.
304. John Towers [Taures, July 22]. July 25, 1698.
Chaplain at Hoghton Tower. Minister at Green Hill near
Ripon, and as such received a grant from the Presbyterian Fund,
7 Nov. 1709, being described as " a very usefull minister " (P.F.
Minutes). Afterwards at Pateley Bridge and Hopton, being
at the latter place in 1733 when he had an extraordinary grant
from the Fund. Died 3 June 1745 (Nightingale, Lane, none,
i., 74). See also No. 239.
305. [David Bainon. Oct. 20, 1698].
Does not occur in Latham's list. Son of Samuel Benion, M.D.
who was minister at Shrewsbury. Was ordained 13 April 1708.
Minister at Whitchurch (Dodington Presbyterian chapel) 1708
to his death. Died at Bath i May 1725 (Evans's Shropshire none,
regrs.).
306. Thomas Jackson.
Is not named in any list of Frankland's pupils, but may have
been one. In 1691 the Presbyterian Fund made grants to eight
students in Yorkshire. The first seven on the list were certainly
with Frankland, while the eighth (Jackson) is doubtful. In 1691
he was a student of St. Andrews (Thoresby's Correspondence, i..
Ill), and in May and Dec. 1692 the Fund Minutes describe him
as being " now in Scotland."
He was a Leeds man, nephew of Joseph Boyse (No. 24). From
St. Andrews he went to Edinburgh (Thoresby's Corresp., i., 158)
and on 26 April 1694 was laureated M.A. Afterwards he joined
his uncle Boyse in Dublin, and he is probably the person of the
name who was from 1700 to 1708 minister at Downpatrick,
Ireland (Evans's Vestiges, p. 286). Several of his letters aie
printed in Letters addressed to R. Thoresby.
6l2 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
307. Abraham Chambers.
Minister of Creaton, Northants (Evans's list). Does not occur
in the list of pupils but was in receipt of an allowance from the
Presbyterian Fund and is described as " with Mr. Richard
Frankland at Rathmell " in 1695 ^^d 1696.
The age, if nothing else, forbids us to identity him with the
runaway apprentice of the same name " about 17 years old "
who was advertized in the London Gazette of 21-24 Aug. 1699.
308. Timothy Manlove.
Joseph Hunter says (Thoresby's Diary, i., 246) that Manlove
was " educated under Frankland." He does not give his authority
for the statement and as Manlove does not occur in any of the
lists it may be that Hunter was mistaken.
Manlove was ordained at Attercliffe 11 Sep. 1688 and was
minister at Pontefract, 1691 Leeds, 1694 and Newcastle-upon-
Tyne 1699. He died 3 Aug. 1699 aged 37 shortly after his removal
to Newcastle. Besides being a minister he was a physician
being on i June 1694 admitted an Extra Licentiate of the College
of Physicians. He wrote a treatise on the Immortality of the
soul (Information of Mr. E. Basil Lupton, D.N.B., Munk's Roll,
None, reg., British Museum Catalogue).
6i3
XXXIX.
Dr. Rotheram's Pupils.
THERE is no complete list of Dr. Rotheram's pupils.
The Rev. William Turner contributed to the
Monthly Repository, 1810, p. 321, an annotated list of
the divinity students educated at Dr. Rotheram's
Academy, Kendal. Mr. Turner's list is the basis of the
following one, in which there are a few additional names.
Preceding the name of each student Mr. Turner gave !,he
date of his entrance to the Academy. We have given this
date, though it is obviously not invariably reliable. The
dates obtainable from the Minutes of the Presbyterian
Fund show, not when the student entered the Academy,
but when he received a student's allowance. The names
are arranged alphabetically. The annotations include
notes from the Minutes of the Presbyterian Fund, and
where possible some indication of the theological stand-
point of the pupil. Authorities are usually quoted, but
G. E. Evans's excellent Record and Vestiges not as often
as they have been used for dates. The Rev. J. H.
Colligan, M.A., author of The Avian Movement in England,
has obliged us with unpublished notes collected while
working on that valuable work.
1733 James Alderson.
His first charge was Great Salkeld {Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans.,
iii., 219) and he afterwards settled at Lowestoft, where he remained
to his death in 1760. He was an Arian. Of his appreciation by
his congregation the following story is told :■ —
" Mr. Elisha Barrow, a merchant of Lowestoft, deploring the
narrow means of his minister, who had a numerous family,
bequeathed a good estate at Mutford for the augmentation of
the stipend, on the condition that, whenever Mr. Alderson should
withdraw from the church, the estate was to devolve on him and
6l4 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
his heirs for ever. Thereupon the whole body of dissenters in
the town, out of regard for their pastor, drew up an instrument
hy which they expeUed him from the church in order that he
might acquire the estate. They afterwards re-elected him to the
pastoral office. Their good intentions were however defeated by
the heirs at law, who disputed the legality of the bequest in the
court of Chancery on the statute of mortmain, and gained their
suit. Mr. Alderson was shortly after taken ill while preaching,
and died on reaching home."
Alderson was father of several distinguished children, amongst
them being John Alderson, M.D. and Robert Alderson, recorder
of Norwich. , His grandchildren included Sir Edward Hall
Alderson, baron of the Exchequer, Sir James Alderson, M.D. and
Mrs. Opie, and amongst more remote descendants may be named
the brilliant children of the late Marquess of Salisbury.
1740. Robert Andrews.
His father, Robert Andrews of Bolton-le-Moors, was a member
of a Nonconformist family which had for several generations
owned the manor of Rivington. The student was born 20 June
1723. He was minister at Lydgate, 1747-52, Piatt, Manchester,
1752-55, and Bridgnorth from 1755 until his health failed and
he became insane shortly before his death which occurred about
1766. He married Hannah Haslewood of Bridgnorth and died
without issue.
Andrews is noticed in the Dictionary of National Biography.
He published " Eidyllia," a volume of verse, in 1757, and " Virgil
Englished " in 1766.
1741. James Benn.
His father was James Benn, master of a Whitehaven vessel,
and his mother, Ellen Harrison, was a grand-daughter of the
Rev. Cuthbert Harrison, B.A., ejected minister of Shankell-cum-
Lurgan, co. Armagh (Rev. Ralph Harrison's MS.). According
to the Fund Minutes he was admitted a student at Christmas
1743. In 1749 he was minister at Forton-in-the-Fylde After-
wards he was at Blackley, 1757-66, and Low Row, Yorkshire,
1766 to his death 2 May, 1782. He was a warm friend to civil
and religious liberty. (Nightingale's Lane, none, i., 188 ; v., 34).
He was an Arian.
1750. John Beverley.
He was born at York. Completed his education at Glasgow
University. His first and only congregation was Bowl Alley
Lane, Hull, of which he became minister in 1757. At his ordin-
rotheram's pupils. 615
ation in 1758 the sermon was preached by the Rev. Wilham
Graham, of Mixenden, a Unitarian. Of Beverley it is recorded
that " his sentiments were Unitarian, but his was the office of the
pioneer to the army of trutli ; preparing the way, by removing
prejudices and smoothing asperities for bolder and more unequi-
vocal declarations of Unitarianism in more recent times." He
had been a Unitarian at least from early manhood, and so had
" the honour of being one amongst a very few of the ministers
belonging to the rational Dissenters who had outstepped their
contemporaries in the ascent to the temple of primitive Christ-
ianity," but he refrained from making an " open and decided
avowal of his opinions respecting the person of Christ." He died
27 May 1 81 2 in his 79th year and was buried in the Chapel at Hull
{Monthly Repository, vii., 533 ; xiii., 669 ; Whitaker's Bowl Alley
Lane Chapel). Mr. Whitaker mentions that the portrait of
Beverley has, in the background, some books, the most prominent
of which bears the title " Life of Socinus."
1737- John Blackburn.
Received the Presbyterian Fund grant as a student 2 Jan.
I737"8 to 1741. He was minister at Ravenstonedale from
Midsummer 1745, probably only for a year or so. About 1747 he
moved to King John's Court, Southwark, and remained there
until 1754, when the congregation became extinct. Minister at
Newbury, Berks, 1754 to his death in 1762. He published
" Reflections on Government and Loyalty " 1749, and a funeral
sermon in 1752. He also edited a posthumous work of Hop ton
Haynes, entitled " A Scripture Account of the Attributes and
Worship of God, and of the Character and Offices of Jesus Christ,"
published in 1750. " As this work," say Messrs. Dale and Crippen
" is uncompromisingly Unitarian, it is safe to assume that Mr.
Blackburn held the same opinions " {Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans.,
iii., 96, 218 ; Summers' Berks, etc., Congregational churches).
1736. George Braithwaite.
Possibly a son of the Rev. George Braithwaite, M.A., who was
born at Furness Fells, Lancashire, in 1681, was educated for the
Church of England but became a Baptist minister and died 1748.
He published " The nation's reproach " (1733), a pamphlet against
the unnecessary frequenting of public houses, which gave great
offence to his congregation at Bridlington and caused his removal
to London (S. Wilson's Funeral Sermon, 1748).
The pupil is stated to have been minister at Elland, near
Halifax, but does not occur in Miall's list. He conformed in 1748
6l6 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
and was appointed curate of Rastrick, in the same neighbourhood.
At the Archdeacon's Visitation of 1766 he was presented for
neglecting to perform divine service, for being guilty of great
profaneness and immorality in drinking to excess and being
drunk, for gaming and playing at cards at public houses and for
committing the crime of fornication. In spite of all this he " lived
to be highly respected in after years " (Turner's Brighouse, p. 264 ;
Watson's Halifax, (1775) p. 425 ; Miall's Congregationalism, in
Yorkshire) .
1739. George Buxton.
Has been identified with the George Buxton who was minister
at Buxton from before 1773 to 1790 [M.R., Evans's Vestiges). A
later " Mr. Buxton " was a student at Daventry Academy and
in 1754 was " dismissed for some indiscretion " (P.F. Minutes,
v., 71).
1741. John Clarke.
On 7 Dec. 1741 the managers of the Presbyterian Fund " agreed
at Mr. Rotheram's desire that Mr. John Clarke be allowed ^8 as
one of the four students with said Mr. Rotheram in room of Mr.
Blackbourn " (Minutes, iii., 329). The M.R. list adds "Lan-
cashire ? " but we do not know anything further of this student.
1744. Benjamin Clegg.
This is apparently the person intended, though the M.R. list
gives the name as Joseph. Benjamin Clegg, son of Dr. James
Clegg (one of Frankland's scholars) was born at Stoddard Hall,
near Chinley, 19 April 1724 (Evans's Antiq. notes, iii., 109). Had
a grant from the Presbyterian Fund as a student with Dr. Latham
of Finaern 7 Dec. 1741 (Minutes, iii., 329 ; Dr. Clegg's Diary,
30 Jan. 1742-3). On 27 July, 1744 he set out for Kendal (Dr.
Clegg's Diary) and on 4 Feb. 1744-5 received an allowance for
one year from the previous Christmas as a student with Dr.
Rotheram (Minutes iii., 376). On 8 Jan. 1748-9, Clegg preached
in his father's Chapel at Chinley, and his father writes " I hear
the Methodists were offended with his discourse, he insisted so
much on the necessity of a good life in order to salvation by
Christ." He is said to have been at Rotherham as minister. In
1749 he became minister at Mansfield and as such obtained a
grant from the Fund 2 Oct. 1749. In the following year Eliezer
Hey wood was minister in his place. Assuming his identity with
" Joseph " Clegg, his next place was Stockport, which he resigned,
after a very short ministry, in 1750 (Heginbotham's Stockport,
a., 52). The latest reference to him in his father's diary is on
rotheram's pupils. 617
14 Mar. 1 75 1 -2 : " Last night I was much disturbed with a dream
that tidings were come of the death of son Benjamin." He was
one of the ministers present at York 26 May 1756, when Newcome
Cappe was ordained (T. S. James's Presbyterian Chapels and
Charities, p. 123), and was then at Cottingham. He was an
Arian.
1747. John Collier.
The M.R. places him, but doubtfully, as minister of Trowbridge.
According to Evans's Vestiges no minister of the name was at
Trowbridge, but there was a John Collier at Crewkeme in 1738
(who would be too early) and another at Moreton Hampstead
(Fore Street) from 1760 to 1780.
1742. John Coppock.
Son of John Coppock, of Ringway, Cheshire, by Katharine
daughter of John Holland of Damhead House, Mobberley. He
was therefore a cousin of the Rev. John Holland (Rotheram's
pupil 1740). He had a student's allowance from the Presbyterian
Fund from Christmas, 1 743-1 746.
Lived at Tanshelf and was from 1750 to his death minister at
Pontefract and Long Houghton. He was a Unitarian. He was
buried 15 April 1782. He married Ann Catlay (bur. 8 Aug. 1765),
and had a son John Coppock of Stockport, who died without
issue. The well-known Stockport Unitarian family of the name
is descended from William Coppock, elder brother of the minister.
1738. Titus Cordingley.
Son of Rev. Joshua Cordingley, minister of Warley, W.R.
Yorks. Born 18 Oct. 1721 [None. reg.). On 2 Apr. 1739 the
managers of the Presbyterian Fund granted him an allowance
to begin the following Midsummer. Grants were made to him
as minister of Whitworth in 1743 to 1745, and on 7 April 1746, the
allowance to Newton (Dob Lane) was continued to him as from
the previous Christmas. On 11 Feb. 1747-8 he married, at
Manchester, Ann Sherratt. From Dob Lane he removed to
Bowl Alley Lane Chapel, Hull, the date being either 1755 or 1756.
He is described as an " amiable young man. He died at the end
of 1757 or beginning of 1758 aged 36, leaving a widow (Gordon's
Dob Lane Chapel, pp. 35, 113 ; Whitaker's Bowl Alley Lane Chapel,
p. 108). He was a Socinian (Colligan).
1738. Edward Crane.
Son of Roger Crane of Preston, ironmonger, one of the trustees
of the Preston Presbyterian Meeting House. Born at Preston
172 1. On 4 Dec. 1738 the Presbyterian Board granted him a
6l8 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
bursary as one of Dr. Rotheram's pupils. On 7 Feb. 1742-3 it
was agreed that the allowance to Ormskirk be continued to Mr.
Edward Crane from the time of his settlement and he received
the grant in 1743 and 1744. In 1744 he was preaching at Norwich
and Yarmouth, and from March 1744-5 'to Aug. 1749 was one of
the assistants to the Rev. Peter Finch, minister of Norwich, one
of the last survivors of Frankland's pupils. For part of this time
(March-August 1749) he was also minister of the Dutch Church
at Norwich. The Dutch Church at Norwich was in the Amster-
dam Class, in connection with which there was a fund for the
benefit of the widows of ministers. In order to obtain this benefit
Crane applied for admission to the Class, which was granted,
subject to him subscribing the Heidelberg Catechism. When he
examined this work he found it " contrary to his conscience,"
and so was not admitted. When in Holland Crane was enrolled
a divinity student at Leyden. He died after a short illness 18
Aug 1749 aged 28. He was married at Ormskirk, 4 Aug. 1747, to
Mary (Molly) Park of Ormskirk, a cousin of the wife of Robert
Nicholson, his contemporary at the Academy. A number of
letters written by Edward Crane, his wife and children, appear in
Memorials of an old Preston Family, 1877. He was an Arian.
1747. William Davenport.
Son of Thomas Davenport of Mobberley, Cheshire. Received
the Presbyterian Fund grant as a student with Dr. Rotheram
from Christmas 1747. Afterwards at Glasgow, M.A. 1751.
Minister (at first as assistant) at Chowbent 1751 ? to 1765, Hindley
1765 to 1778, Wigan and Tunley circa 1778 to 1791. Died 16
Aug. 1791 (Nightingale's Lane, none., iv., 9, 31 ; W. B. Shaw's
Presbyterianism in Wigan). Davenport was the originator of
the first Nonconformist Chapel in Wigan and became its first
minister. For the greater part of his life he belonged to the
advanced school, but towards the end became less liberal, and
a few years after his death the congregation became Trinitarian.
An unexecuted will, perhaps only a draft, is in the Reference
Library, Manchester, and has been printed by Mr. Shaw. In
it Davenport mentions a number of his children, his estate at
Mobberley and his " much esteemed friend and benefactor
R. S. Milnes, Esq." (misprinted Milner by Mr. Shaw), ancestor
of the Marquess of Crewe. The will also states Davenport's view
of the financial affairs which caused the Hindley congregation
to force his resignation.
1746. Benjamin Dawson.
Son of Rev. Eli Dawson of Halifax. His grant from the
rotheram's pupils. 619
Presbyterian Fund dated from Christmas 1746. After leaving
Kendal he went to Glasgow and there graduated M.A. 1750 and
LL.D. 1758.
Successively minister at Leek and Congleton, 1754 to 1757,
and assistant minister at St. Thomas's, Southwark, 1757 to 1758,
when he conformed. In 1760 he became rector of Burgh, Suffolk,
a living he retained to his death. In 1763 he was at Warrington
Academy as private tutor to a young baronet, and in the following
year defended the doctrine of the Trinity " in a manner perfectly
new." This defence and his subsequent career show that he
was a Unitarian. He was one of the clergy who in 1772 petitioned
for relief from subscription to the Articles. He was author of a
number of controversial works and of a philological dictionary
of the English language, of which only one part was issued. He
died at Burgh 15 June 18 14 aged 85. The Dictionary of National
Biography contains a notice of him.
1737- Joseph Dawson.
Son of the Rev. Eli Dawson, minister at Halifax. Is said to
have settled in Hull " at the close of his studies," which would
be about 1742, being for some years colleague of the minister of
Bowl Alley Lane Chapel. When a vacancy arose in 1755 Titus
Cordingley became minister and Dawson remained as colleague
until 1757. About that time he conformed to the Church of
England and in 1763 was appointed Vicar of Paul, near Hull.
He was an Arian.
1746. Thomas Dawson.
Received a student's grant from the Presbyterian Fund dating
from Christmas 1745, being described in the Minutes as son of
the late Mr. Eli Dawson of Halifax. He was M.A. 1750 and M.D.
1753' both of Glasgow. In 1754 he received an extraordinary
grant from the Fund, being then of London. He was minister
of the Gravel Pit Meeting House, Hackney, 1754 to 1758, when
he retired from the ministry. He practised as a physician, was
physician to the Middlesex Hospital 1759 to 1761 and to the
London Hospital 1764 to 1770, and published two medical
pamphlets. Unlike several of his brothers he remained a dissenter
and it is recorded that he repaid to the Presbyterian Fund the
money granted to him when a student for the ministry. He
died 29 April 1782. There is a notice of him in the Dictionary of
National Biography.
1736. James Daye.
That Daye was Rotheram's pupil is evident from his allusion
620 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
in the funeral sermon to '' my worthy tutor " but it was probably
under unusual circumstances, as Daye was almost as old as his
tutor, having been born about 1700. He was thus 36 when he is
stated to have entered the Academy and in the same year he was
certainly minister at Lancaster. Possibly Daye was assistant
tutor as well as pupil. His ministry at Lancaster is usually dated
from 1740, although 1736 is the date indicated by his gravestone
in Lancaster Chapel-yard, which states that he had been minister
" about 34 years " at his death g July 1770. Mr. Evans {Record,
p. 81) suggests that he " perhaps first supplied as student." On
7 March 1736-7 the Presbyterian Fund grant to the minister at
Lancaster was continued to " Mr. James Day " from the preceding
Christmas, so that his ministry actually began in 1736. A
sermon he preached at the Provincial Meeting of Lancashire
ministers in 1744 was published. His funeral sermon on Dr.
Rotheram is mentioned on p. 312 ante. Like many of the minis-
ters of his time, he kept a school, one of his scholars being the Rev.
Thomas Astley, a pronounced Unitarian (P.F. Minutes ; Night-
ingale's Lane, none, i., 216 ; Evans's Record : Monthly Reposi-
tory, xiii., 81). He is said to have been a Unitarian, but Mr.
CoUigan classes him as an Arian.
1741. Samuel Devis.
On 4 Jan. 174 1-2 was allowed a grant as one of the four students
with Dr. Rotheram, the allowance to date from the previous
Christmas. The allowance ceased at Christmas 1743. His
identity with " Mr. Samuel Davies " of Kingswood, Wilts., to
whom a grant was made from Midsummer 1747, and " Mr. Samuel
Davies " of Merthyr in Glamorganshire, who had a grant in 1754,
is possible. The M.R. list says " London ? "
1745. John Dickenson [Dickinson].
Has been identified (C. &- W . A. A. S., n.s., v., 165) with John
son of the Rev. Thomas Dickenson, continuer of the Nonconformist
register, but apparently in error, as that John, who was not a
minister, died 25 June 1764 aged 51 (None, reg., p. 336). John
Dickinson received a student's allowance from the Presbyterian
Fund from Christmas 1744 to Midsummer 1749 He then became
minister at Penruddock, the allowance to him as minister there
dating from Midsummer 1749. He was still at Penruddock
10 Nov. 1755, but before 7 Feb. 1757 was minister at Palgrave
and Diss, a grant being made to him to date from Midsummer
1756. In 1758 he became co-minister of Upper Chapel, Sheffield,
where he remained to his death in 1780. He " was a man of
rotheram's pl'pils. 621
considerable popularity, of a strong and ardent mind, and par-
ticularly active in his opposition to the principles which occasioned
the American war." (Presbyterian Fund Minutes ; Manning's
Upper Chattel, p. 79).
A contemporary John Dickenson was minister at Glouce-.ler,
175T to 1796 (Evans's Vestiges.)
1738. Thomas Dixon.
Son of the Rev. Thomas Dixon, M.D., of Whitehaven, after-
wards minister at Bolton. His education, begun by his father,
was completed by his father's pupil. Dr. Rotheram. His student's
grant from the Presbyterian Fund began at Christmas 1738. In
1743 he became minister at Thame, Oxfordshire, removing to
Norwich in 1750, as colleague of Dr. John Taylor. In 1752 he
succeeded his father's successor at Bank Street, Bolton, and there
remained for the remainder of his short life. He was not ordained
until 26 April 1753 and died it, Feb. 1754, in the 32nd year of his
age. He was buried inside the Chapel at Bolton. Franklin Baker
[Rise and progress of nonconformity in Bolton, p. 54) says " to
a somewhat feeble constitution were united a vigorous mind and
a noble courage. All that we know of him from his writings and
from his contemporaries, places him among the best scriptural
critics and fearless minds of his day." A posthumous work,
" The sovereignty of the Divine administration vindicated," was
issued in 1766 by his friend John Seddon of Cross Street. He
was a Unitarian and preached Unitarianism from his pulpit.
Nightingale {Lane, none., iii., 11), quotes a letter of Dixon's
showing his tolerant if contemptuous attitude towards the
Methodists who at that period (1751) were much persecuted : — -
" I think the Methodists behaving peaceably should not be
molested. While I injure no man, I have certainly a right to
attend upon that preacher whose nonsense most exactly suits
my nonsense."
c. 1740. Jeremiah Dyson.
Born 1722. Son of a tailor, from whom he inherited consid-
erable means. Studied at Edinburgh and Leyden. Became, by
purchase. Clerk to the House of Commons in 1748. Unlike his
predecessors he did not make his subordinate officials pay him
for their posts, but promoted them according to merit. In 1762
he resigned his Clerkship and became a Member of Parliament.
In early manhood a whig, he became a tory when in Parliament
and zealously supported all the measures which made the reign
of George III. so unfortunate. He was rewarded with many
622 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
lucrative offices and became a Privy Councillor. He died i6
Sep. 1776. He is noticed in the Dictionary of National Biograf>hy.
1745. William Gaskell.
Eldest son of Peter Gaskell of the parish of Wigan. Had from
Christmas 1745 a student's allowance from the Presbyterian
Fund, and in 1750 graduated M.A. of Glasgow University. His
first ministerial appointment was probably at Leek in Stafford-
shire, the Presbyterian Fund making him a grant to begin
December 1752. In October 1754 he had recently removed from
Leek to Rivington and three years later a grant was made to him
at the latter place (Presbyterian Fund Minutes, v., 39, 63, 126).
He seems to have remained at Rivington until 1776, though as
he is credited with a term of service at Chorley, it is probable that
he served both congregations for a time. He was afterwards at
Tunley and died 22 March 1777, or according to another account
about 1 781. He was an Arian.
1741. Richard Godwin.
Born at Bolton-le-Moors 11 Dec. 1722. Minister at Holcombe
1747 to 1748, when he removed to Gateacre, the Presbyterian
Fund allowances to those Chapels being continued to him from
Midsummer 1747 and Midsummer 1748 respectively (Minutes,
iii., 429, 445). At Gateacre he remained to his death, 17 Aug.
1787. His death was very sudden. He had gone on Mrs.
Hardman's business to Bolton and was staying with Philip
Holland, the minister there when he had a fatal attack of inflam-
mation of the bowels (Nicholson family letters). He was buried
in Gateacre Chapel-yard.
He collaborated with John Seddon of Warrington and Philip
Holland in the preparation of the liturgy used at the Octagon
Chapel, Liverpool. Mr. Colligan classes him as an Arian, but
it is probable that his theology was more advanced.
1738. David Graham.
It is probable that the date of admission should be later, as on
6 Dec. 1742 the Presbyterian Fund trustees resolved " that Mr.
David Graham be admitted as one of the four students recom-
mended by Mr. Rotheram in the room of Mr. Thomas Dixon "
from Christmas 1742.
A minister of this name was at Tewkesbury and afterwards at
Yeovil, where he died 2 May 1778 aged 46 {Monthly Repository,
v., 478). Either the date or age is wrong if the minister is iden-
tical with Rotheram's pupil.
1736. John Hardy.
On 6 Oct. 1735 the Presbyterian Fund elected Mr. John Hardy
rotheram's pupils. 623
one of the students encouraged by the Fund (iii., 217) and on
2 Apr. 1739 Cordingley was elected as from the following
Midsummer " in the room of Mr. Hardy who then goes off "
(iii., 278). He settled at Bispham immediately, a grant being
made to him as minister of that place 7 April 1740 to date from
the previous Christmas. He was afterwards at Risley and died
1748 (Nightingale's Lane, none, i., 116; iv., 256; iii., 104).
1740. John Hardy.
On 5 May 1740 the Fund granted £S yearly for two years from
Christmas 1739 to " Mr. John Hardy now with Mr. Rotheram at
Kendall " (iii., 300), and on 7 Dec. 1741 one year's allowance from
the following Christmas was granted to " Mr. John Hardy to
finish his studies." He appears to have been the John Hardy
who, in 1743, received a grant as minister of Ravenstonedale, and
in 1 75 1 as minister of Horwich. Nightingale says he terminated
his ministry there in 1754, and " is said to have been an Arian "
{Lane, none, iii., 104, 105).
This, or the preceding Rev. John Hardy, married Catherine,
sister of Thomas Dodgson, a trustee of Kendal Chapel, who lived
a widow in Kendal and was buried in the Chapel-yard 23 Aug.
1788.
1741. John Helme.
Was son of John Helme, minister of Penruddock and later of
Walmsley (d. 1760).
His first settlement appears to have been at " Cauthwait or
Salkeld," a grant being made to him by the Presbyterian Fund
in 1746. In an extraordinary grant of the same year he is called
" John Helme junr.. Great Salkeld." Grants to him at the same
place were made to 1749. In 1750 he removed to Holcombe,
the grant beginning at Midsummer, and he was still there 11
Nov. 1 75 1 when an extraordinary grant was made to him (Minutes,
iii., 398, 406, 418, 467, 474, 483, 497 ; iv., 77). From 1755 to
1757 he preached at Blackley and was minister at Dukinfield
from about 1757 to 1761, when his congregation paid him ^30
in consideration of his leaving (Gordon's Dukinfield Chapel, p. 55).
He was, according to Mr. CoUigan, an Arian.
1742. Benjamin Holland.
On 6 Dec. 1742 the Presbyterian Fund " agreed that Mr. Ben
Holland, son of the late Revd. Mr. [Joseph] Holland of Charls-
worth, be admitted a student with Mr. Rotheram from Christmas
next " (iii., 345). His name recurs in the annual lists to 1746.
He had a Fund grant as minister of Greenacres, near Oldham,
■624 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
from Midsummer 1748, and occurs in the lists for 1750 and 1751.
On 6 Apr. 1752 the allowance to Wirksworth was continued to
him from the previous Midsummer, and a letter of 21 May 1754
states that " Mr. Holland of Wirksworth is removing to Burton
on Trent " (Minutes, v., g, 63). In the graveyard of Chinley
New Chapel is a stone with the inscription " Here was interred
the Revd. Benjamin Holland for many years Minister to a
Congregation of Protestant Dissenters at Burton upon Trent.
He died January 12th 1795 in the seventy third year of his age."
When we saw the inscription the year date on the gravestone
was indistinct, but some years earlier Mr. John Owen had read
it 1795.
1740. John Holland.
Son of John Holland of Damhead House, and great-uncle of
Mrs. Gaskell the novelist and of Sir Henry Holland, the physician.
He was baptized at Mobberley, Cheshire, 24 Nov. 1720 and was
educated by Isaac Antrobus of Knutsford, one of Frankland's
pupils. Afterwards he was with Dr. Rotheram. Under date
Aug. 5 1740, his mother recorded in her diary " My son John set
out to Kendall with a design to persue his studdys for ye great
worke of ye ministry." Six months later she mentioned his
return : " April ye 2, 1741. My son John came back from Ken-
dall, walk't on foot, found good f rinds on ye road, had been
preserved in health in absence from us ; we have encouragement
from his Tutor of his improvement and likeness for usefulness."
He was afterwards at Glasgow, but did not graduate. He " begun
to preach at Ormskirk," 8 July 1744, but liis first permanent
situation was as assistant minister at High Pavement, Nottingham.
He accepted an invitation from Chowbent, but died before
commencing work, being buried at Knutsford 28 Dec. 1751.
Two volumes of his " Sermons and Prayers," were published
after his death. (Irvine's Family of Holland of Mobberley). He
was an Arian (CoUigan).
1737- — JOLLIE.
This was probably a son of the Rev. Timothy Jolly (or Jollie),
minister of Miles Lane [Independent] Chapel, London, on whose
appointment in 1726 a large part of the congregation withdrew,
suspecting his orthodoxy (Wilson's Dissenting Churches, i., 492-
496). Timothy was a son of Timothy Jolly of Attercliffe and
grandson of Thomas Jolly of Wymond Houses, both well-known
ministers. The student may be the Rev. John Jolly, at whose
ordination in 1746 Dr. Obadiah Hughes preached a sermon. Of
the career of Rotheram's pupil we know nothing, but he is stated
rotheram's pupils. 625
in M.R. to have " settled at Rotterdam," which in Cong. Hist.
Soc, v., 160, is altered to " Rotherham, d. 1747.' The statement
in Manning's History of Upper Chapel (p. 63) that Timothy Jolly's
son John died young might imply death in infancy, in which case
the identity suggested above is impossible.
c. 1736. John Kennion.
From a letter addressed by John Nicholson, junior, to his
brother Samuel, at Kendal, and dated 31 July 1736, it appears
that their cousin John Kennion was then a pupil with Dr.
Rotheram.
John Kennion was the youngest son of the Rev. John Kennion,
Minister of Toxteth Park, and one of Frankland's scholars. The
son was born about 171 3. In April 1729 he was apprenticed to
Dr. Pont, an apothecary in London. After leaving Kendal he
went to Leyden and was entered as a student of medicine 13 Oct.
1738. Taking the degree of M.D., he settled in Liverpool,
attained a large practice and was one of the physicians of the
Infirmary. He died in Oct. 1791.
1 741. ■ — ■ Lazonby.
Perhaps one of the Lazenbys of Hexham.
1740. — Lowe.
Probably Daniel Lowe, minister at Norton Hall, from 1744-76
(Evans's Vestiges, p. 188).
1740. Samuel Lowthion.
Son of Timothy Lowthion of Kirkoswald, who married at
Greystoke 21 June 1699 Margaret Noble of Penruddock (Inform-
ation of Rev. J. Hay Colligan).
Born at Penruddock. He was a Presbyterian Fund student
from Midsummer 1741 to Christmas 1743. Was minister at
Ravenstonedale for a short time, then at Penrith from about
1745 to 1752, when he became assistant minister at Hanover
Square, Newcastle-on-Tyne. In 1760 he became sole minister
and remained there until his death in 1780. He also conducted
an academy. " He followed Truth wherever she led him, and
communicated the result of his enquiries into the doctrines,
duties and prospects held forth in the scriptures, without conceal-
ment or disguise, to a people who, he was happy to know, did by
no means grudge him the liberty which he assumed, but freely
heard what he freely declared, even though they might not always
go along with him in the deductions to which his researches led
him ; allowing to their minister the full exercise of the right
which they claimed for themselves, of examining and judging,
2 S
626 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN. KENDAL.
in matters of religion, every one for liimself " {M.R., vi., 587).
His publislied sermons include the ordination sermon of Caleb
Rotlieram, junior, mentioned on p. 315. He was buried in the
north aisle of St. Nicholas' Church (now the Cathedral), Newcastle,
but a mural tablet with an inscription was not erected because
the incumbent refused to give permission unless the word "truth"
was expunged from the reference in the proposed inscription to
" the truth and energy of his public instructions " {M.R. 1810,
p. 426; Nightingale's Lane, none, i., 312). Mr. CoUigan classes
him as an Arian.
1 741. ■ — Maddox.
Unidentified. The M.R. says "Gloucester or Namptwich ? "
but he does not occur in any accessible lists of ministers at those
towns. He may have been related to Daniel Madock, minister
of Uttoxeter, Frankland's pupil.
. John Manning, M.D., Physician at Norwich.
1739. Tatlock Mather.
The date of his admission is wrong, as it appears by the
Presbyterian Fund Minutes that he was already at Rotheram's
Academy, 5 Dec. 1737, when he had a grant from the Fund,
" though he continues there notwithstanding a rule relating to
the students that interferes with it." He remained in the annual
lists to 1741. He was son of the Rev. Benjamin Mather, of Over
Darwen and Knowsley, by his wife Margaret Tatlock. Tatlock
Mather was born 12 July, 171 8, and was minister of Rainford
Chapel for nearly 39 years prior to his death, 23 August 1785.
Many of his manuscript sermons and commonplace books are
amongst the Shepherd papers in Manchester College, Oxford.
He was uncle of the Rev. William Shepherd, LL.D., of Gateacre,
whom he adopted. In Mrs. Ridyard's Selections from the early
letters of William Shepherd, 1855, there is an appreciative notice
of the benevolent uncle.
1737. Richard Meanley.
Minister at Leek, 1742-3, Nantwich, 1745-58, Piatt 1758 to
22 Sep. 1794, when he died aged 77. According to Mr. Colligan
he was an Arian.
1734. — Nelson.
This student is omitted from the M.R. list. He had a grant
from the Presbyterian Fund as one of the two students to be
" incourag'd with Mr. Rotheram " at Kendal from Christmas
1734. It was a condition that the students should engage to
settle with any congregation in the North that should call them.
rotheram's pupils. 627
The date is too early to allow of the identity of this student with
the Rev. Timothy Nelson of Great Salkeld.
1735- James Nicholson.
Son of Matthew Nicholson of Liverpool merchant, by Dorothy
only child of the Rev. Samuel Yates, M.A., one of Frankland's
pupils. Born at Liverpool 5 July 1718. Educated at Stand
Grammar School 1729-34 and at Kendal 1735. The deaths of
both parents in February 1735-6 caused his return to Liverpool
where in due time he became a merchant, first in partnership with
his brother John Nicholson to the latter's death in 1742, then on
his own account for six years and from 1748 to 1773 with his
brother Robert.' He vias also a partner in the Hurlett and Wigan.
Copperas Works and took an active part in their management.
He was one of the Committee of the Warrington Academy. He
died 15 Dec. 1773. His wife Elizabeth Seddon was the cousin of
the Rev. John Seddon, the founder of the Warrington Academy,
and his children eventually inherited the Herefordshire estate of
that gentleman. One of Nicholson's daughters was the wife of
the Rev. Nicholas Clayton, D.D.
1740. Robert Nicholson.
Youngest son of Matthew Nicholson of Liverpool, merchant
and brother of James (ante). Born at Liverpool 28 Aug. 1727.
Educated at Stand Grammar School under Peter Walker, 1736-40
and at Kendal 1740-42. Partner in Messrs. J. and R. Nicholson
of Liverpool, merchants, 1748-1773, and in R. and M. Nicholson,
I773"79- Partner in Messrs. Nicholsons and Lightbody, which,
firm owned the Hurlett Copperas Works, near Paisley, and
introduced into Scotland the manufacture of copperas and alum.
The patented process which the firm used for alum manufacture
was the result of experiments carried on by Robert Nicholson.
He was also a partner in the Wigan Copperas Works. He was
a freeman of Liverpool, Dumfries and Glasgow and a member of
the Africa Company of Merchants of Liverpool. The last was
the company which included the firms engaged in the slave trade
and the tradition in the family is that shortly before his death
Robert Nicholson became convinced of the iniquity of the trade
and relinquished his share in it at great pecuniary loss. As
Robert Nicholson died in 1779 he must have been one of the first
of the Liverpool merchants to withdraw from the slave trade
from conscientous motives, and it was not until 1787 or 1788
that Clarkson and Wilberforce began their great work which
culminated in the abolition of the slave trade in 1807. He died
19 Aug. 1779 and was buried at Toxteth Park Chapel. He mar-
628 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
ried Arabella Cropper, whose father was a grandson of the Rev.
Nathaniel Haywood, B.A., Vicar of Ormskirk (ejected 1662),
and had a numerous family, his eldest son being Matthew
Nicholson of Manchester, grandfather of Francis Nicholson, one
of the present writers.
1735. Samuel Nicholson, M.D.
Son of Matthew Nicholson of Liverpool, and brother of James
and Robert who were also at Kendal. Born 15 June 1715. After
several years at Stand Grammar School, studied at Glasgow
University from 1733 to 1735. Intending to prepare for the
ministry he was at Rotheram's Academy in 1735 and 1736. An
impediment in his speech compelled him tc^bandon his intention
of entering the ministry and he turned his attention to medicine,
studying at Edinburgh and Leyden where he graduated M.D.
in 1740. He was a man of high moral character and of cultured
taste, but he was diffident of his own powers. It does not appear
that he was ever in practice as a physician. After a long illness
in London he returned to Liverpool but died soon afterwards,
29 July, 1749.
1747. Daniel Noble.
A General Baptist minister in London. After being pastor of
a Seventh-Day Baptist Congregation in Millyard, Goodman's
Fields, he became in 1766 minister of a Baptist congregation in
Paul's Alley. This congregation in 1768 joined a First-Day
Baptist congregation in Glasshouse Yard, and Noble was minister
of the united congregations, which in 1777 removed to Worship
Street.
His funeral sermons for the Rev. R. Cornthwaite (1753), George
II. (1760), the Rev. Joseph Burroughs (1761), and Allen Evans,
esq. (1767), were printed.
1734. Benjamin Peile.
Had a student's grant from the Presbyterian Fund 1734 to
Christmas 1738. Minister at Keswick, his allowance from the
Presbyterian Fund dating from Christmas 1738. Afterwards
he was at Hexham, the dates usually given for this ministry
there being 1756 to 1790, but he was at Hexham some years
earlier, Mr. Peile of Hexham being in April 1752 appointed one
of the ministers to preach at Wardrow Wells during the season
(Presbyterian Fund Minutes, v., 18). In 1771 Mrs. Joseph
Lazenby of Hexham left him ;^400 {Hist, of Northumberland, iii.,
209). He died in 1790. Described as " a man of amiable
manners, and great knowledge, particularlj^ in natural history :
rotheram's pupils. 629
a correct and elegant composer, but a very unpopular preacher."
Mr. Colligan classes him as an Arian.
1740. Isaac Robinson.
The date of admission should probably be 1742 as his student's
grant from the Presbyterian Fund was paid from Christmas 1742
to 1746. On leaving the Academy he became minister at Carlisle
his first grant in this capacity being dated December 1746. He
was still there in 1756 {Ante, p. 340). According to Mr. R. S.
Robson he was a minister at Tynemouth (North Shields) from
1767 to his death. He died at Newcastle in the house of Dr. John
Rotheram 23 August 1782. Mr. Colligan classes him as an Arian.
1748. Caleb Rotheram.
See Chapter XXVIII.
c- 1735- John Rotheram.
Born 26 Jan. 1719-20. Eldest son of Dr. Rotheram, under
whom he studied the classics, history, metaphysics and natural
and moral philosophy. In 1740 he went to Edinburgh University
and afterwards studied medicine under Dr. Smellie. He settled
at Hexham as a physician, and afterwards removed to Newcastle-
on-Tyne. He acquired a high reputation not merely for his
skill as a physician, but for his charity. It is recorded that
" two days in a week his house was open to the sick poor, for
whom he cheerfully prescribed, and often contributed to their
relief. He regularly visited the prisoners in the gaol without any
reward but the consciousness of doing good ; an instance of
compassion which Mr. Howard mentions to his honour, as rather
uncommon, in his ' Inquiry into the state of prisons.' " Like
his father he frequently lectured on scientific subjects. He made
an analysis of the different waters of Newcastle, the result being
published in "A philosophical inquiry into the nature and
properties of water," 1770. He was an early encourager ot
Bewick. He died 18 March 1787 and there is a tablet to his
memory in Hexham Abbey Church. Dr. Rotheram married
28 Nov. 1750. Katherine, daughter of Nicholas Roberts, of
Hexham Abbey, who survived him, dying in 1802. They had a
large family, the sons including Professor John Rotheram, M.D.,
and Captain Edward Rotheram, C.B., who commanded the
" Royal Sovereign," CoUingwood's flagship, at Trafalgar, and was
Bearer of the Banner of the Bath at Lord Nelson's funeral.
One of Dr. Rotheram's daughters was the wife of the Rev
Josias Lambert of Lancaster. {Gentleman's Magazine, 1787,
i., ^53 ; A History of Northumberland, vol. iii., pp. iq8, 297).
630 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1739- Jeremiah Rudsdell.
Son of the Rev. Ambrose Rudsdell of Gainsborough. Educated
at Kendal and at the Northampton Academy and was intended
for the ministry, but became a wool stapler at Northampton and
Distributor of Stamps for the Midland Counties. Died 5 Oct.
1783 aged 60. (Hunter's FamilicB minorum gentium, p. 1289).
1737. Benjamin Sandford.
Minister at Dob Lane Chapel, Failsworth, 1740-44, and at
Ormskirk from 1744 or 1745 (the Presbyterian Fund grant was
continued to him on 8 Apr. 1745) to his death. He published
several sermons. The date of his death has been given as 1770
but his burial is recorded in the Ormskirk parish register under
date 18 June 1765 " Mr. Benjamin Sandford Dissenting Minister."
He had died two days earlier (Evans's Vestiges ; Nightingale's
Lane, none, iv., 193 ; v., 44 : Crofton's Newton Chapelry, ii.,
192 : A. Gordon's Dob Lane Chapel, p. 33). Mr. Colligan classes
him as an Arian.
1733- John Seddon.
Son of the Rev. Peter Seddon, minister of Cockey Moor
(Ainsworth) Chapel, (died 1731), who was the son of James Seddon
of Outwood in Pilkington. John was born about 1716, and
before going to Kendal was at Stand School. His grants from
the Presbyterian Fund show that he was at Kendal at least from
Christmas 1734 to Christmas 1738-. Afterwards he went to
Glasgow University. He is described as M.A., but his name is
not in the printed lists of Glasgow graduates.
In 1739 he became one of the two ministers of Cross Street
Chapel, Manchester, his colleague (and father-in-law) being Joseph
Mottershead. There he remained to his death 22 Nov. 1769.
Seddon was the first minister of Cross Street Chapel to preach
Unitarianism instead of the then prevalent Arianism. Of his
opinions he made a public declaration in June 1761, when he
stated that he had been many years fully convinced of the truths
he then delivered {Monthly Repository, xiii., 430). He declared
his conviction " that the New Testament, rightly understood,
does not afford any real foundation for either the Athanasian,
Arian, or any notion of a Trinity at all " (Baker's Memorials of a
Dissenting Chapel, p. 32). The sermons preached by Seddon
were published in 1793 by the London Unitarian Societ3^
1742. John Seddon.
John Seddon belonged to a famil}' long settled at Seddon's
House, Ormskirk, the heiress of that property being his cousin,
rotheram's pupils. 631
the wife of James Nicholson, one of Rotheram's pupils. This
family of Seddon was not related closely, if at all, to the Seddons
of Outwood to which the other John Seddon belonged. Much
confusion has arisen from there being two John Seddons, each a
minister, and each the son of a minister named Peter Seddon.
This John Seddon was born at Hereford (where his father, the
Rev. Peter Seddon, M.A., was minister) 8 Dec. 1725. From
Kendal he went to Glasgow University. Minister at Warrington
1747 to his death 22 Jan. 1770 aged 45. Principally through
Seddon's exertions the Warrington Academy was founded and
he remained its most prominent official throughout life. He was
joint author of the Octagon " Liturgy." A portrait in oils of
Seddon as a child and several later portraits are in the possession
of F. Nicholson.
1739- John Smith.
Probably the elder person of the name who was minister of
Selby and perhaps author of " A Designed End to the Socinian
Controversy," 1793. According to Mr. Colligan he was an Arian.
1748. Isaac Smithson.
Called " of Cockermouth " when the student's allowance was
made to him by the Presbyterian Fund in 1749. After Dr.
Rotheram's death he removed to Daventry Academy which he
left at Midsummer 1754. Minister at Harleston, Norfolk, 1754.
Ordained there 11 Nov. 1755. when Ralph Milner preached the
sermon and Dr. John Taylor gave the charge, both being printed
in a pamphlet in the same year. Removed to High Pavement
Chapel, Nottingham, 1758, as assistant to Dr. Samuel Eaton.
Apparently not on doctrinal grounds, the two ministers quarrelled
and in 1760 Dr. Eaton withdrew with part of the congregation.
Smithson continued at High Pavement Chapel until his death
from consumption, i Feb. 1769. " He was greatly beloved ; his
style of preaching was sensible and correct, mild and persuasive ;
and he was particularly distinguished for the variety and excel-
lence of his devotional compositions." He was throughout life
a friend of Dr. Priestley. (Carpenter's Presbytenanism in Not-
tingham, p. 156-159.) He was an Arian.
1739- — Stacy.
Minister at Deptford.
1735. Benjamin Street.
Born at Wilmslow 171 7. Colleague to the minister of Matthew
Henry's Chapel, Chester, 1740-51. Minister at Macclesfield,
1 75 1 to his death 5 Mar. 1764 aged 47. Mr. Colligan describes
him as an Arian.
632 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
1748. Joseph Threlkeld.
" Joseph Threlkeld of Slack " was admitted one of the
Presbyterian Fund students with Dr. Rotheram, 3 Apr. 1749,
his allowance to begin at Midsummer in that year. The M.R.
list gives the date as 1748. He remained at Kendal until
Rotheram's death, and was then transferred to Mr. Caleb
Ashworth at Daventry. By resolution of 2 April 1753 he was
allowed to spend a fifth year as a fund student, to begin Mid-
summer 1753. He left Daventry Midsummer 1754 and was
appointed minister at Longdon near Lichfield. On 11 Nov. 1754
the managers of the Fund agreed that the allowance granted to
Lichfield be continued to Mr. Joseph Threlkeld at Longdon, near
Lichfield, " which is the same congregation." He was still there
in 1760. He subsequently emigrated to Virginia.
1740. Joseph Valentine.
On 6 April 1741 the Presbyterian Fund granted £d> per annum
to " Mr. Peter Valentine's son as a student with Mr. Rotheram,"
to date from Midsummer 1741, but he does not occur in the annual
lists for 1742 and following years. The father was minister at
Wharton Chapel, Little Hulton, and this student became minister
there also. He died 21 Jan. 1783 aged 62 years (Nightingale's
Lane, none, iv., iii, 112).
1749. George Walker.
The trustees of the Presbyterian Fund agreed on 3 April 1749
that " George Walker nephew to Mr. Walker of Leeds " be
admitted a student with Dr. Rotheram from the Midsummer
following. He was still at Kendal on 8 April 1751 when Dr.
Rotheram reported to the Fund meeting, but had gone to
Edinburgh before 2 Dec. 1751.
Walker was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne and was for some
years in the care of his uncle, Thomas Walker, minister success-
ively at Cockermouth, Durham and Leeds, where, according to
Priestley, he was one of the " most heretical ministers " in the
neighbourhood. George completed his education at the Scotch
universities and became a distinguished minister and tutor. In
the latter capacity he served at Warrington Academy and
Manchester College. Like most of the dissenters of his day he
was keenly interested in reform movements. A great mathe-
matician, he was elected F.R.S. and succeeded Dr. Percival as
President of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.
He was an Arian. He died in 1807. There is a notice of him
in the Dictionary of National Biography.
rotheram's pupils. 633
1 741. Joseph Westray.
1749. Thomas Whitehead.
On 2 April 1750 it was agreed by the managers of the Presby-
terian Fund that Thomas Whitehead be admitted as a student
with Dr. Rotheram with an allowance of ;^8 per annum from the
previous Christmas (Minutes, iii., 470). He remained at Kendal
until Rotheram's death and on 4 Dec. 1752 was ordered to go as
soon as may be to Daventry, where Mr. Caleb Ashworth was tutor
(Minutes, v., 27), his allowance being raised to ;/|io. He left
Daventry at Michaelmas 1754 and became minister at Box Lane,
Herts. (Minutes, v., 71). He was still at Box Lane 12 Nov. 1759,
when he had a grant from the Fund (Minutes, v., 164). His
settlement there is unrecorded in Urwick's Nonconformity in
Herts. It is, however, mentioned, but doubtfully, in Monthly
Repository (1810, p. 477), where he is characterized- — " He was a
judicious and useful preacher, and pursued very extensively the
ancient practice of exposition." He married Sarah daughter of
Dr. Caleb Rotheram. He died at Box Lane and his widow died
at her brother's house in Newcastle.
Hunter (Add. MSS. 24484) states that he was minister at Bury,
Lancashire, but we cannot find that this is correct.
1733. John Whiteside.
The name is inaccurately given Joseph in the M.R. list. John
Whiteside had an allowance from the Presbyterian Fund com-
mencing Midsummer 1734 and his successor in the allowance was
appointed 2 Jan. 1737-8 (Minutes, iii., 200, 256). He was one
■ of the students who had promised to undertake work in the North
and became minister of Great Salkeld, the Presbyterian Fund
allowance being continued to him by resolution of 2 Oct. 1738
(Minutes, iii., 269). He is said to have been minister at Keswick.
In 1743 he became assistant minister of the Old Meeting, Great
Yarmouth, and became senior minister in 1761, retaining the
position to his death in 1784 when on a visit to London. He was
author of " The Duty of Hearers : A sermon preached at Palgrave
in Suffolk, at the ordination of the Rev. Mr. Barbauld, Mr.
Beynon, Mr. Alderson and Mr. Pilkington, September 13th 1775 "
(Information of Mr. W. Carter, Borough Librarian, Great Yar-
mouth). He was a native of Lancaster {Cong. Hist. Soc. Trans.,
iii., 219) and an Arian (Mr. CoUigan).
1739. John Wiche.
General Baptist minister. Bom at Taunton, Somersetshire,
24 April 1718. Studied at Taunton, Kendal and Findern
634 THE OLDER NONCONFORMITY IN KENDAL.
academies. Minister of a Baptist congregation at Salisbury 1743-
46, and of a General Baptist congregation at Maidstone from
1 746 to his death. Was an Arian in the early years of his ministry
but in 1760 became a Socinian after reading Lardner's " Letter
on the Logos." He published several single sermons and tracts
and edited Lardner's " Two Schemes of a Trinity," 1784. He
died 7 April 1794. There is a notice of Wiche in Dictionary of
National Biography written by Mr. Gordon.
. John Widdrington.
A banker at Newcastle-on-Tyne and first President of the
Literary and Philosophical Society there,
c. 1745. John Wilkinson.
The greatest ironmaster of his day. He was the son of Isaac
Wilkinson, ironmaster and inventor. Born in Cumberland, he
removed with his father to Backbarrow in Cartmel parish before
he was ten years old. At Bersham, Staffordshire, he engaged in
iron manufacturing and having great faith in iron as a material
put it to uses never thought of before, building bridges and boats,
pulpits and cofhns of iron. While revolutionizing the iron trade
he amassed a great fortune which was dissipated in litigation
after his death. He died 14 July 1808 aged 80. Dr. Priestley
married his sister and records in his Autobiography the generous
and spontaneous assistance given to him by his brother-in-law
John Wilkinson after the Birmingham riots. There is a notice
of Wilkinson in the Dictionary of National Biography and some
additional information in F. Nicholson's " Notes on the Wilkin-
sons," Manchester Memoirs, xlix., No. 15.
1748. James Wood.
The Presbyterian Fund on 3 April 1749 agreed that " James
Wood, son of Mr. Wood of Chowbent " be admitted a student with
Dr. Rotheram the Midsummer following. Unlike the other Fund
students he was not removed to Daventry on Dr. Rotheram's
death, but instead went to Glasgow University. The Presby-
terian Fund made him an allowance dating from Dec. 1752. His
father James Wood was the militant minister " General Wood "
who raised a regiment to oppose the rebels of 1715.
635
ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA.
p. 38, Note *. For Blomfield read Blomefield.
p. 104. It is by no means certain tiiat Whitehead was ever vicar of Dalton.
He occurs in the Halton registers in 1644 as "pastor" and in 1657
as "rector," and in V. C. H. Lanes, (viii., 125) it is stated that
"it seems clear that he forfeited Halton on the Restoration as having
no legal title." His successor was presented 9 June 1654, but was
not instituted until 25 Feb. 1660-1. Whitehead does not occur in
the list of vicars of Dalton {V. C. H. Lanes., viii., 316).
p. 193, line 21. Frankland's intention of writing a memoir of his son
Richard is mentioned in a letter dated 23 Aug. 1694 which has been
printed in Letters to Ralph Thoresby (Thoresby Society), p. 35.
p. 196, line I. For Mr. read Dr.
,, 5. For generations read generation.
p. 230, line II. According to Mr. Gordon, who has recently been investigat-
ing its early history, the Presbyterian Fund was founded in 1690, not
in 1689, the date given in W. D. Jeremy's Presbyterian Fund and in
the Essex Hall Year Book. He also considers that the date of the
withdrawal of the Congregationalists was after 1693 and not "in 1693."
p. 249, note J. For Anti-Ouakeristica read Anti-Quakeriana.
p. 253, line 28. For Hard measure read Hard measure!
,, 35. For months read mouths.
p. 257, line 6. For an read on.
p. 348, line 15. In a newspaper article "The origin of nonconformitj- in
Kendal," lent to us by Miss Rotheram, the date of the opening of the
Wigton Chapel is given as 1789 and it is stated that "this chapel has
for a good many years been used as an iron warehouse."
p. 364, line 29. According to a family memorandum the date of Caleb
Rotheram's second marriage was 21st May.
P- 393> line 4. For memorials read memorial.
p. 517, last line. The memorial to Dr. Thomson in Northgate End
Chapel, Halifax, is by Sir F. L. Chantrey, R.A.
p. 536, line 19. This student is perhaps the "Mr. Thomas Baily " whose
death in 1689 is mentioned by Jolly (Note book, p. 96) According
to the editor of the Note book, Thomas accompanied his brother John
Bailey, a well Icnown minister, to America and died there in Jan. 1689.
p. 541, line I. For History read Historical view.
636
INDEX.
The index is a general one of persons, places and matters of interest
arranged in one alphabet. It should be noted that only in exceptional
cases has an attempt been made to separate the references to different
persons of the same name, and that second references on a page to a
person or place have been ignored excepting in the references to
Chapter xxxiv, where they are indicated by an asterisk.
Abbott, Edwin, 555, 591, 599.
Aberdeen, 432 : University, 600.
Abram, 593.
Abram (W. A.), Memorials of an old
Preston family, 240, 569, 618.
■ Preston Guild Rolls, 71, 249.
Absence from Church, 94, 155.
Absolution, 147.
Academick, Learned, see Learned
Academick.
Academies, Nonconformist, 122.
see also Chorlton's, Daventry,
Findern, Frankland's, Manchester,
Natland,Northampton, Rotheram's.
Academy fees, 126, 322, 323 : student
life and course of study, 128-141.
Accidents, Drowning, 486.
Fall from a horse, 478.
Killed by falling down Scout's
Scar, 4S7.
Ackworth, 555, 571.
Act of Toleration, no, 159, 166, 253.
Act of Uniformity (Chap. IV.), 80-85.
Adamthwaite, Mary, 576.
Addingham, 24, 28, 551.
Addison, Francis, 560 : John, 560 :
Myles, 443.
Additional Manuscripts (British Mus-
eum), 180, 231, 305, 332, 342, 348,
554, 633.
Addresses, Loyal, 211, 213, 214, 216,
236, 237.
Adleton Moor, see Alston Moor.
Adlington, Edmund, 54.
Africa, 602.
Africa Company of Merchants, Liver-
pool, 627.
African Slave Trade, 359, 360, 381,
627.
Agents provocateurs, 209.
Agreement of Associated Ministers, 26,
33, 59-
Agreement of the People, Reply, 103.
Aikenhead, Thomas, hanged, 268.
Aikin, John, D.D., 366.
Ainsley, see Aynsley.
Ainslie, Henry, M.D., 356, 358, 515 :
James, M.D., 351 ,356, 515 : Mary,
515 : Miss, 354 : Montague Farrer,
K.C., 515.
Ainsworth, 544, 630.
Ainsworth, Abraham, 442, 453 :
David, 528 : Hannah, 453 : John
Stirling, M.P.. 528 : Mary Louise,
528 : Ralph, 240, 442 : Thomas,
403, 414, 429, 437, 528 : W.
McOuhae, 528.
Air Pump, 327, 328.
Alcock, Samuel, 415, 417.
Alderhouse, 114.
Alderson, Sir Edward Hall, 614 ;
James, 613, 614 : Sir James, 614 :
John, M.D., 614 : Robert, 614, 633.
Aldingham, 79.
Aldred, James, 554 : Jeremiah, 158,
162, 240, 554.
Alexander, , 317.
Alfreton, 574.
All-hallows Lane, Kendal, 461, 517.
Allan, see Allen.
Allein, see Allen.
Alleine (J.), Sure guide to heaven,
234-
Allen (Allein, Allan), Agnes, 453 :
Benj., 486 : Eliz., 451 : Francis,
20 : J., 475 : James, 461 : John,
453, 461 : Joseph, 451, 452, 453,*
454,* 455,* 458, 460,* 461,* 463,
464,* 475, 479,* 480,* 481,* :
Josiah, 464 : Mary, 453, 458, 463,
475, 478, 479,* 481 : Messrs., 415 :
Richard, 452 : Samuel, 458.
Allerton, 536.
Allingham parish registers, 439.
Alhson, Catherine, 471, 488 : Gawen,
465, 481 : James, 464, 465, 481 :
John, 464, 471, 487 : John Allen,
471.
INDEX.
637
Alnwick, 328, 570.
Alsop, Vincent, 609.
Alston Moor, 261, 340, 580, 586.
Altliam, 60, 537, 548.
Altham Churcli Booli, see Jolly (T.),
Note Book.
Altrincham, 429, 598.
Alum works, first, in Scotland, 329,
627.
Alvanley, 581, 582.
Alverthorpe, 536, 561, 564.
Ambleside, 85.
Ambros, Mary, 206.
Ambrose, Isaac, 56, 57.
Ambrose (Isaac), Media, 66.
Ames, William, 125, 141.
" Amicus," 382.
Amor}', Thomas, 105.
Amsterdam, 541, 618.
Anabaptists, 32, 70, 265, 266. See
also Baptists.
Anchorite's House, Kendal, 436, 529 :
Well used for baptisms, 397.
Anderson, Agnes, 461 : J. Maitland,
239 : John, 438, 463,* 484 : Mary,
483 : Richard, 192 : Robert, 356,
457, 458, 460,* 461, 476, 477,*
483 : WiUiam, 457, 476.
Anderton, George, 577 : Roger, 173,
552, 562.
Andlesark, see Anglezark.
Andrews, Hannah, 614 : Robert, 457,
614 : Thomas, 592.
Angler, Bezaliel, M.D., 575 : John,
57, 123, 223, 224, 225, 545 : Sam-
uel, 157, 176, 196, 545, 575.
Anglezark, 606.
Annan United Associate Presbytery,
408.
Anne, Queen, Addresses from Kendal,
236.
Antiburger Presbytery, 343.
Anti-Corn-Law League, 406, 407.
Anti-Scripturists, 266.
Anti-Slavery agitation, 359, 360, 381,
627.
Anti-Trinitarians, 266.
Antribus, see Antrobus.
Antrobus, Isaac, 600, 624 : Kathar-
ine, 570.
Apparatus, Philosophical, at Acad-
emy, 320, 326-328.
Appleby, 9, 12, 32, 45, 73, 84, 202,
292, 360, 519.
Corporation loyal addresses, 213,
237-
-— — Grand Jury, on Rye House Plot,
216.
Appleby, Dorothj' Dacre, 512 : Jos-
eph Dacre, 512.
Applegarth, William, 31.
.\pplethwaite, 234.
Aray, Eliezer, 608.
A rchcBologia ^-Eliana, 1 1 6, 5 70.
Archdeacon's Visitations, see Chester,
Richmond, York.
Archer, Edward, 51 : George, 86,
94-96: John, II, 13, 14, 18, 20,
31, 48, 49, 51, 54, 86, 117, 150,
151, 219 : Mrs., 151,: Richard, 12.
Ardsley, 61.
" Arian chapel," 354.
Arianism, 184, 185, 270, 274, 278,
284, 285, 289, 335, 343 : at Raven-
stonedale, 276.
Arians, 266, 329.
Aristotle, 132.
Arius, 184.
Arkliolme, 105.
Arlington, Lord, see Bennet, Henry.
Armagh, 491.
Armiiiiayiism, 265, 270, 283.
Arminians, 157.
Arminius, 137.
Armitage's Chantrey land, 594.
.Armstrong, Elizabeth, 467, 483 :
Ellen, 468 : George, 465, 480 :
Jane, 465 : John, 357, 465,* 466,
467,* 468,* 470,* 471,* 479, 480,
483, 484* : Margaret, 468, 483 :
Mary, 467, 468, 470, 484 : Regi-
nald, 467 : William, 466.
,\rmyiie, William, 20.
Arnside, 417.
Asby, 12, 85,
Ash, see Ashe.
Ashburner, Thomas, 289, 328 : Agree-
able miscellany, 306.
Ashe, Edward, 571 : John, 128, 129,
562, 571, 572, 581, 610 : Martha,
610 : Susannah, 571.
Ashford-in-the- Water, 562, 568, 571,
600.
Ashhurst, 575.
Ashhurst, Joseph. 575.
Ashley, 598.
Ashton, near Lancaster, 592.
Ashton-on-Mersey, 598. See also
Cross Street.
Ashtou-under-Lyne, 59, 547.
.\shurst, see Ashhurst.
Ashworth, 565.
Ashworth, Caleb, 321, 334-336, 632,
633-
Askham, 12, 84, 85.
Aspin, Mr., 598.
Aspinall, see Aspinwall.
Aspinwall, Edward, 600 : Peter, 176,
598 : Samuel, 582.
Aspinwell, see Aspinall.
Aspland, Lindsey, 416 : R. Brook,
114, 141, 182, 532.
Aspland (R. B.), Brief memoirs of
Fra7ikland and Sampson, 141.
Assembly of Divines, 7, 15, 50, 537 :
Catechism, 263, 273-275 : Confes-
sion, 289 ; Scheme for Church
government, 9.
638
INDEX.
Assembly of Ministers, 284.
Assheton, Ralph, 19.
Association Addresses, 213.
Association of Royalists, Northern
Counties, 6.
Associations, Voluntary, 24. See also
Cumberland Association.
Astley, Matthew, 162, 224 : Richard,
533 : Thomas, 620.
Aston, Edward, 103.
Atheists, 265.
Atherton, 504, 560, 584, 594.
Atherton, Peter, 585.
Atkin, John, 490 : John Horsfall,
475 ': Martha, 475 : Mary, 490,
491, 492,* 529 : Robert, 395, 429,
432, 475, 486, 487, 490, 491,* 492,
529.
Atkinson, Agnes, 453 : Ann, 455,
466 : Benjamin, 303, 336, 455,
475, 479, 514 : Christopher, 54 :
Elizabeth, 346, 454, 479, 514 :
Helen, 204 : J., 415, 455 : James,
99, 452, 505 : Jane, 207 : John,
205, 206, 449,* 452, 453,* 455,*
456,* 458, 501, 502, 505, 603-605 :
John, of Crook, 275, 440, 603-605 :
John, of Stainton, 284, 285, 444,
449, 452, 603-605 : Jonathan, 488 :
Margaret, 207, 455, 469 : Margery,
467,* 469 : Mary, 467 : Myles,
301 : Peter, 103 : Rebecca, 205 :
Robert, 207, 453-456 : Royland,
204 : Thomas, 456 : William, 458,
466, 467, 469.
Atonement, Doctrine, 335.
Attercliffe, 154, 157, 158, 553, 554,
563, 564, 610, 612 : Academy
(Jolly's), 197, 538, 554, 610 : Ser-
mons, 192, 235.
Auckland, 116, 544.
Auction of Quakers' goods, 87.
Audland, Anne, 259 : David, 249 :
Dr., 259 : Henry, 258 : John, 34,
54, 249, 250 : Samuel (Chap.
XXni.), 249-261, 308, 447, 451,
569 : Sarah, 259, 298, 505 : Wil-
liam, 249, 259, 308, 499, 501.
Aughton, 78, 551.
Augmentations, 48, 58, 68 : Not paid,
42, 43-
Avary, see Avery.
Avery, Benjamin, D.C.L., 299, 320,
503-
Axon (E.), Harrison Ainsworth's
maternal ancestors, 555.
Axwell, 584.
Aynesley, see A^'nsley.
Aynsley, Gawen, 568, 569.
Ayrey (Ayray), Leonard, 17, 19 :
"Phillis, 207 : Thomas, 207.
Backbarrow, 634.
" Bad people," 92.
Baddy, John, 579 : Thomas, 579.
Badenoch, William, 353, 502.
Bagshaw, William, 568, 571, 581, 600.
Bagshawe, Samuel, 562 : Susannah,
571 : W. H. Greaves, of Ford, 129.
Bagshawe (W. H. G.), Bagshawes of
Ford, 562, 568.
Bailey, John, 635 : Samuel, 536 :
Thomas, 536, 635.
Bailife, Thomas, 536.
Bainbridge, James Cookson, 491 :
Jane, 492 : Joseph, 491,* 492 :
John, 491 : Margaret, 491,"' 492.
Baines, Francis, 206.
Baines (Edward), History of Lanca-
shire, 102, 104, 439.
Bainon, sec Benion.
Baker, J., 252 : Samuel, 536.
Baker (Franklin), Nonconformity in
Bolton, 621.
Baker (Sir T.), Memorials of a Dis-
senting Chapel, 543, 630.
Bala, 590.
Baldingstone, 305.
Baldwin, Elizabeth, 461 : Myles, 46r :
Roger, 24, 31, 162 ; William, 162.
Baldwinson, W., 82.
Baliel, Henry, 605.
Balifield, 539.
Ball (W. R. W.), Notes on the history
of Trinity College, Cambridge, 36.
Balldwin, see Baldwin.
Bampfield, Francis, 62.
Banbury, 432, 579.
Banke, Mary, 536.
Bankfield, 554.
Banks, 467.
Banks, Joseph, i9r, 192 : Sir Joseph,
191: Margaret, 191, 192: Mrs., 416:
Robert, 191, 192, 568.
Banks (John), Journal, 209.
Baptism, Administration, 27r : Adult,
in Kendal, 397 : Exclusion of
children of non-communicants, 26,
61 : Infant, Disputation in Kendal
Church, 32 : Infant, objection to
at Crook, 441 : Public, iarst by
Rotheram, 452.
Baptist Church at Tottlebank, 439 :
Churches independent, 2 : Fund,
321.
Baptists, considered unorthodox, 172,
266 : Unitarian, see Unitarian
Baptists.
Barbauld, Rochemont, 633.
Barber, Thomas, 577.
Barbour, see Barber.
Barclay, John, 295 : Mr., 295.
Barker, John, 321 : Mary, 464 :
Richard, 464.
Barker (John), Sermon on Gledhill,
197, 550.
Barley Bridge, 450.*
Barmby, Goodwyn, 423, 428.
INDEX.
639
Barn preacher, 554.
Barnard, William, 572.
Barnard Castle, 431, 496.
Barnes, Ambrose, 55, 572 : Jane, 483:
Thomas, 572 : William, 483.*
Barnes (Ambrose), Memoirs, 46, 55,
572, 577-
Barnicle, John, 502.
Barnsley, 570.
Barnwood, William, 572.
Barr, Agnes, 452 : Robert, 453 :
Samuel, 452, 453.
Barret, Ann, 474 : Joseph, 474 :
Mary, 474.
Barrow, Christopher, 259 : Elisha,
6r3 : John, 370 : Rebecca, 485 :
Robert, 75, 76, 301.
Barton, 84, 550.
Barton, William, 562.
Barton Farme, 83.
Barwise (Barwis), Clara, 82 : John,
432.
Bassnett, Christopher, 132, 601 :
Nathaniel, 601 : William, 601.
Bateman, Anne, 205 : Barbara, 205 :
C. T. Tallent, 129 : Dorothy, 204,
205 : Elizabeth, 206 : John, 488 :
Lawrence, 206 : Mary, 207 : Miles,
13, 54, 75, 98, 204, 207 : Peter,
204 : Philip, 432 : Robert, 409,
414, 488 : Roger, r3, 14, 20 :
Thomas Harrison, 513 : William,
13.
Bath, 83, 246, 611.
Batley, 574.
Baxter, Agnes, 259, 476 : Miles, 603 :
Nathaniel, 570, 603 : Richard, 8,
24, 27, 62, 144 : his works pre-
sented by Audland, 258 : Samuel,
570.
Baxter (Richard), English Noncon-
formity, 545.
Reliquics BaxteriancB, 24.
Bayes, Joshua, 563, 564, 582 : Sam-
uel, 563, 564.
Bayley Close, Kendal, 300.
Bayly, Thomas, 536.
Bayns, , M.P., 5.
Bazaars, 298, 431, 432, 437.
Beamont (W), Warrington Church
iiotes, 538.
Beard, John R., 405, 428.
Beast Fair, 466.
Beattie, Christiana, 490,* 491* :
John, 490,* 491* : William, 491.
Beauchief Abbey, 570.
Beck Hall, igr.
Beck (Becke), Jennet, 77 : John,
73, 88, r45, 146, 148, 150, 205 :
Margaret, 207 : Mr., 503 : Sarah,
205-
Beckett (Becket), Francis, 192 :
Joshua, 588 : Mr., 563.
Beeston Hall, 570.
Beetham, 12, 204.
Beeverell (J.), Delices de la Grande
Bretagne, 248.
Bell, Elizabeth, 78 : John, 456, 555 :
Thomas, 77 : William, 78, 456, 555.
Bellasis (E.), Westmorland Church
notes, 509, 510, 526, 527.
Belle Isle, 467.*
Bellingham, Allan, 14 : James, 14,
202 : Mr., 146 : Margaret, 488.
Bellinghams of Levens, 85.
Belper, 59S.
Belsay, 153, 581, 582.
Benion, David, 611 : Samuel, 607-
609, 6ri : Thomas, 609 : see also
Beynon,
Benn, Ellen, 6r4 : James, 614.
Bennet (Bennett), Ann, 465 : Ben-
jamin, 196, 284, 546, 584 : Henry,
Earl of Arlington, 72, 90 : Isabella,
463 : James, 315, 461-465, 480 :
John, 462 : Mary, 46r : Sarah,
464, 480.
Bennet (Benjamin), Irenicum, 197.
Benson Hall, 479.
Benson, Ann, in : Elizabeth, 463 :
George, 105, 106, 405 : George,
minister of Kendal, 99, 105-112,
151 : George, D.D., 112, 315, 316,
324, 332, 336, 337 : Gervase, 11,
13, 14, 18, 20, 41, 42, 53, 105 :
John, 105, 463, 579 : Joseph, 112 :
Thomas, 579 : William, 592.
Benson (George), Memoirs of Winder
in Winder's, History of Knowledge,
287, 292, 295, 325.
Life of Christ, 105.
Bentclift'e, 565.
Bentley, Frank, 181, 182.
Benyon, see Benion and Bej'non.
Bersham, 590, 634.
Berwick, 328.
Besse (Joseph), Sufferings of the
Quakers, 75, 86, 89.
Beverley, John, 614, 615.
Bewcastle, 462.
Bewick, Thomas, 629.
Beynon, Rev. Mr., 633 : Thomas,
609 : see also Benion.
Bible Charity, Lord Wharton's, 233,
379, 380.
Bible reading neglected, 271, 272.
Bible Societies, 376, 419, 519.
Bible, verbal inspiration, 182.
Biddle, John, 265, 267, 268.
Bigg, Thomas, 11.
Biggar, Mr., 338, 339.
Bill, Charles, 555 : John, 555.
Billinge, 556, 599.
Billingsby, see Billingsley.
Billingsley, John, 24, 551, 561.
Bindloss, William, 437.
Bingley, 552, 606.
Bingley, Lord, 105.
640
INDEX.
Binns, William, 429.
Birch, 543, 548.
Birch, Eliezer, 543 : Robert, 543.
Birch (T.), Life of Tillotson, 167.
Birkenhead, 427.
Birkett (Birket, Burket), Agnes, 453,
454, 464, 479, 480, 514 : Christopher
98 : Elizabeth, 460 : George, 155,
336, 342, 346, 351, 449, 451, 454,
455, 459. 460, 461,* 462-464, 477,
479, 480,* 500, 502, 514 : Hannah,
454, 462 : Isabel, 515 : Jane, 204 :
John, 453,* 454, 455, 463, 480, 563 :
Jonathan, 259, 449, 451, 480, 484 :
Lsetitia, 484 : Lydia, 453 : Mar-
garet, 451, 46r : Marian, 205 :
Slary, 459 : Matthew, 300, 301, 451,
500, 502, 506, 515, 563 : Miles, 204,
563: Miss, 487': Mrs., 433, 487:
Richard, 204 : Stephen, 205 : Susan,
514-
Birkhagg, 96, 509.
Birks, 192.
Birks, William, 431.
Birmingham, 335, 528 : Enlightened
tradesmen, 375 : Riots, 362, 634.
Birstall, 536, 592.
Bishop Auckland, 116, 193.
Bishop's Stortford, 587.
Bishops abolished, 3 : Seven, 222.
Bishopthorp, 168, 170.
Bispham, 623.
Black, James, 428, 460 : John, 458,
460,* 476,* : William, 458.
Blackbanks, 508, 514.
Blackburn, 61, 176, 224, 551, 561, 606,
Free School, 177 : Grammar School
Records, 561.
Blackburn, John, 443, 615, 616.
Blackburne, Francis, 347, 348.
Blackhouse, 192.
Blackley, 240, 558, 580, 594, 600, 609,
614, 623.
Blackley Chapel, Halifax, 517.
Blacklin, Richard, 205.
Blackshaw, 508.
Blackstock, Ann, 311, 317, 508 :
Deborah, 508, 509 : Edward, 296,
299-303, 305, 308, 311, 317, 322,
450,* 499-501, 508, 509 : Isabella,
450, 503, 508, 509 : Mary, 450, 508 :
Sarah, 508.
Blaickbank, 508, 514.
Blaickstock, see Blackstock.
Blaikholme, 507.
Blairhill, 194.
Blakely, sec Blackley.
Blakeston, Sir William, 87.
Blamires, Jonas, 592 : Lydia, 592.
Blasphemy, Ordinance, 266.
Blaymire, see Blamires.
Blazeby, William, 428.
Blazeby (William), Rothcrham Old
Meeting House, 539.
Bleas in Old Hutton, 13.
Blencow Grammar School, 294.
Blennerhasset, 260, 340.
Blessing, First, of God, 179.
Blind Philosopher, 523.
Blinstone, Thomas, 584.
Bloch, M., 421.
Blomefield (F.), History of Norfolk, 38.
Bloomsbury, 539.
Blue Coat Hospital, 13, 349, 481.
Bogue, David, 315.
Bolam, 116, 573, 577.
Bold, 590.
Bold, Ratcliffe, 590 : Richard, 590.
Bolsover, 565.
Bolton, nr. Bradford, 548.
Bolton-le-Moors, 56, 165, 174, 480, 504,
544, 562, 583, 602, 6t4, 621, 622.
Bolton-le-Sands, 104, iii, 127, 306,
553. 592.
Bolton, John, Clerk of the Peace, 95 :
Samuel, 115 : Thomas, 415 : Wil-
liam, 432.
Bongate, 12.
Bonner, Thomas, 20.
Book-prayers discontinued, 271.
Book Societies, 433, 521.
Booker, (John), Birch, 565 : Blackley,
558.
Booth, Sir George, 56, 90 : Henry,
416 : Joseph, 14 : Mary, 545.
Bootle, 427.
Borderside, 417, 526.
Boreatton, 556, 557.
Berwick, Anthony, 205 : Roger, 206.
Bostock, 519.
Boston, 393, 572.
Boston, Mass., 570.
Bourn, Joseph, 450 : Samuel, 260, 275,
276, 297, 441, 442, 450, 451, 603.
Bourne, Elisha, 24.
Bovel, Mr., 504.
Bowdon, 417.
Bowes, Jonathan, 585.
Bowles, John, 540.
Bowman, Alexander, 458, 459,* 460,
47S : Elizabeth, 467, 468, 470, 471 :
James, 458, 467 : Jane, 468 : John,
467, 468, 470,* 471* : Thomas, 460,
478.
Bowness, 526.
Bowood, 595.
Bo^^Ting, Sir John, 416.
Bowser, Mr., 118.
Bowster, sec Bowser.
Box Lane, 633.
Boyce, see Boyse.
Boyd (Boyde, Boyed), Agnes, 473 :
Alexander, 454* : Deborah, 454 :
Frances, 454 : Jane Adeline, 473 :
Robert, 473 : Sarah, 454.
Boyse, Joseph, 272, 541, 543, 611 :
Rachel, 541.
Brace well, loi.
INDEX,
641
Bradbury, Thomas, 278.
Bradford, 515, 542, 558, 573, 588.
Bradford Antiquary, 554.
Bradley, John, 595.
Bradleyfield, 14.
Bradshaw, Ebenezer, 564 : James,
157, 564. 595 : John, 595.
Bradwell, 571.
Braggington, 240.
Braithwaite, Ann, 492 : Benjamin,
453 : Deborah, 453 : Eleanor, 491 :
Elizabeth, 449, 484, 492 : George,
451, 453,* 615, 616 : Isabella, 490,*
491, 492,* 493, 524 : James, 395,
400, 403, 414, 484, 490,* 491, 492,*
493, 524 : Jane, 490 : John, 449 :
Margaret, 490 : Mary, 492 : Misses,
410 : Sarah, 492 : Thomas, 451 :
Thomas Shaw, 493, 524. See also
Brathwait.
Braithwaites, 85.
Bramham, 114, 574.
Bramley Grange, 563.
Brampton, 229, 260, 299, 304, 504.
Brancepeth Castle, 117.
Branthwaite (Branthwait), Edmund,
49 : Richard, 11, 14, 20.
Branthwaite Brow, 470.
Branton, 570.
Brass Band, Kendal, 529.
Brathwait, Elizabeth, 524 : Emma,
95 : James, 505, 524 : Richard,
" Drunken Barnaby," 123 : Richard
Mayor, 359 : Thomas, 14 : William,
no. See also Braithwaite.
Brayshaw, Thomas, 113, 115, 170,
182.
Brayshaw (Thomas), Notes oil Giggles-
wick Church, 190.
Brayton, Yorks, 542.
Breightmet, 566, 602.
Brekell, John, 288.
Brentford, 569.
Bretherton, 588.
Brewster (John), History of Stockton-
on-Tees, 557.
Bricks, Robert, 451 : Thomas, 431.
Bridekirk, 28, 105-107.
Brideoake, Ralph, Bishop, 60, 65.
Bridgeman (G. T. O.), History of the
Church and Manor of Wigan, 556,
595, 599-
Bridges, Edward, sec Briggs, Edward.
Bridgnorth, 6r4.
Bridgwater, 376, 429.
Bridlington, 579, 615.
Bridport, 543.
Brief for James Whittle, 161.
Briefs, 447.
Briggs, Edward, r4, 20, 99, 218, 443 :
John, 17, 206.
Brigstear, 457.
Briscoe, William, 31.
Bristol, 62, 447, 568, 587-
British and Foreign Unitarian Associ-
ation, 413, 415.
Broadbent, Mrs., 4r6.
Brockbank, Elizabeth, 450, 490 :
Isabella, 492 : John, 449 : Joseph,
490,* 49r, 492 : Margaret, 490,*
491,* 492 : Mr., 404 : Mrs., 484 :
Sarah, 450 : Thomas, 490 : William,
449, 450.*
Brockbank (E. M.), Honorary Medical
Staff of the Manchester Infirmary,
419.
Brocklebank, George, 500 : Isabel,.
314-
Brogden, Edward, 560.
Brokenshear, Benjamin, 462, 478 :
John, 462, 478.
Bromborough, 557, 582.
Bron-y-clydwr, 578, 590.
Brook, John, ir6, 535.
Brookes, H. C, 443.
Brooks, Elizabeth, 473, 474, 486
James, 333 : Jane, 473, 474*
Robert, 473, 474,* 486, 487;:
Thomas, 474.
Brooksbank, J., 576.
Brough, 12, 84.
Brougham, 84.
Brougham, Henry, Lord, 380, 5r7.
Brown, Jane, 487 : Mr., 503 : Robert,
504 : W., 415 . See also Browne.
Browne, Elizabeth, 205 : Jane, r92 :
Mary, 192 : William, 192.
Browne (John) Congregationalism in
Norfolk and Suffolk, 536, 568-570,
587, 604, 605.
Brownist Church, Amsterdam, 541.
Brownlow, James, 608.
Brownsword, Charles, 78 : Cicely, 65 :
Elizabeth, 78 : Isaisel, 78 : Jane,
78 : John, 65, 78 : Joseph, 78 :
Nathaniel, 78 : Roger, 78 : Wil-
liam, Vicar of Kendal (Chap. III.),
65-79, 51, 55, 60, So, 81, 247 :
William, Mayor, 78
Brownsword House, Kendal, 78.
Bi'unskiU, Stephen, 354.
Buchanan, George, 11, 52.
Buckle, see Buckley.
Buckley, Mr., isr. 566 : Thomas, 550.
Buckton, James, 415.
Building Society, New Union, 397.
Buncle, Edward, 338-340.
Bunhill Fields, 539, 551, 582, 606.
Burdet, Rachel, 564.
Burgess, W. H., 563, 576.
Burgess (W. H.), History of the Lough-
borough Unitarian Congregation,
402, 590.
Burgh, 619.
Burham in Craven, 165.
Burke (A. P.), Family records, 583.
Burke (Sir B.), Extinct baronetcies,
191 : Landed gentry, 194, 557.
2T
642
INDEX.
Burket, see Birkett.
Burn (J. S.), Parish registers, 557.
Buriieside, 458, 460,* 461,* 462-464,
467, 468, 470, 471, 477, 484.
Burnham, 555, 589.
Burnham, John, 567.
Buniveates, Richard, 476 : William,
476.*
Burrel (Burrell, Burwell), Dr., 72, 73,
76.
Burrough, R., 252.
Burroughs, Joseph, 628,
Burrow Hall, 417.
Bursey, Richard, 609.
Burton in Kendal, 12, 151, 306, 361.
Burton on Trent, 601, 624.
Burtonwood, 538.
Bury (Lancashire), 137, 238, 269,
416, 504, 525, 526, 529, 606, 633.
Bury, Samuel, 568 : William, 568.
Bury St. Edmunds, 568.
Burythorpe-cum-Acklam, 248.
Busher, James, 487 : Jane, 488 :
Margaret, 487 :
Butler, Edmund, 545, 548 : Dr. H.
Montague, 36 : John, 298, 505 :
Ralph, 548 : Thomas, 545, 549.
Buxton, 616.
Buxton, George, 616 : William, 575.
Byrom, Edward, 157 : John, 545 :
Mary, 545.
■Caerlaverock, 300, 508.
Calamy, Edmund, 260, 567, 582 :
Visits Kendal, 258.
■Calamy (Edmund), Abridgement, Ac-
count and Continuation (1713-1717)
23, 29-31, 49, 50, 57-59. 62-64, 81
83, 84, 104, 105, 108, no, 114-116
118, 119, 122, 138, 140, 143, 171
187, 189, 191, 196, 222, 224, 225,
238, 439, 537, 543, 560, 562-564^
568-570, 579, 584, 587, 603.
■Calderwood (David), History of the
Reformation, 150.
Calderwood, Henry, 404, 405.
Caledonian Room, 397.
■Calendar of State Papers, Domestic,
13, 32, 64, 86, 87, 90-94, 96-99, 104,
122, 206, 208, 209, 439.
■Calendar of the Committee for Com-
pounding, II.
Calgarth, 375.
Calton, 153, 154, 190, 193, 560, 581.
Calvin, John, i, 137, 265 : Impatience
with opponents, 281.
Calvinism, 185, 265.
at Frankland's Academy, 137.
of early Nonconformists, 8.
Calvinists, 221, 275, 283.
Cambridge, 270, 589.
Cambridge University, 573, 600 :
Christ's, 60, 115, 534-536, 540, 559,
560, 563 : Emmanuel, 66, 53S, 577 :
Gonville and Caius, 566 : Jesus,
555, 591, 599 : Katharine Hall,
602 : St. John's, 535, 542, 561,
585 : Sidney Sussex, 574 : Trinity,
32, 36, 42, 43, 47, 49, 66, 68, 73, 78,
551, 587.
Camelford, Gabriel, 438, 439, 507.
Camm, Thomas, 249-256.
Campbell, Catherine, 462 : Daniel,
462 : Mr. 400.
Cape Fear, 596.
Cappe, Newcome, 332, 617.
Captain French Lane, 491.
Cardiff, 526.
Cardmaking patent, 524.
Carington, see Carrington.
Carlisle, 30, 31, 234, 260, 305, 328,
340, 348, 351, 504, 511, 512, 586,
603, 629.
Carlisle } ournal, 495, 522.
Carlisle, Earl of, 91.
Carlisle, George, see Carlyle.
Carlisle (N.), Carlisle family, 512.
Carlow, 61.
Carlyle, Dorothy Dacre, 512 : George,
m;d., 306, 336, 351, 457, 511 :
Margaret, 512 : Susannah Maria,
457 : William, 512.
Carmarthen College, 321.
Carmichael, Alexander, 62.
Carnforth, 507.
Carpenter (B.), Presbyterianism in
Nottingham, 550, 631.
Carr, Nathaniel, 597 : Robert, 546.
Carrington, John, 173, 175, 177, 552.
Carter, George, 538 : John, 499, 501 :
William, 633.
Cartledge, Charlotte, 518 : Joseph,
M.D.,'518.
Cartmel, 403, 438, 439, 522, 634.
Cartmelfell, 439, 453, 449, 507, 508.
CartwTight (T.), Diary, 547, 555.
Cams, Thomas, 101.
Cassells, James, 472,* 473* : John,
473 : Mary, 472,* 473* : Susannah,
472 : Walter, 473.
Casterton, 31, 85.
Castle Dairy, 370.
Castle Street Cemetery, 394, 423.
Castlehow Hill, 354.
Catalogue of Edinburgh graduates, 306.
Catechism, Shorter, 7, 234, 272, 610.
Catechism, Westminster, 7.
Catholicism, not tolerated, 15, 221,
229 : Identity with Quakerism,
69, 253-
Catholics, 40, 70, 92, 178, 210 :
Association in Northern Counties,
6 : at Selside, 298. See also
Popery, Recusants.
Catlay, Ann, 617.
Cauthwaite, 260, 623.
Cave, James, 29, 63.
Cawood, 542.
INDEX.
643
Cay, Jabez, 557, 558 : John, 558,
582 : Robert, 557. See also Kay.
Chadkirk, 549.
Chambers, Abraham, 612 : Ephraim,
317 : George Alexander, 490 :
Harfield, 491 : John, 489 : Mary,
489-491 : Richard, 259 : William,
489-491.
Chambre, Alan, opinion on Collin-
son's bequest, 302.
Chantrey, Sir F. L., 635.
Chapel-en-le- Frith, 571, 581, 600.
Chapham, William, 576.
Charity in religion, 276-286.
Charles I., 3.
Charles II., 92, 210 : Interviewed by
Franklyn, 120,
Charlesworth, 623.
Charlton, North, 557, 558.
Charlton, see Chorlton.
Chatsworth, 571.
Chawmer, W., M.A.. "^38, 577.
Chelford, 548.
Chelmorton, 224, 571.
Cherry, Henry, 454 : James, 455 :
John, 454 : Samuel, 454 : William,
454,* 455-
Chertsey, 579.
Cheshire Associated Ministers, 232 :
Papists and Malignants, 6.
Cheshire Sheaf, 600.
Cheshunt, 527.
Chester, 39, 44, 132, 240, 443, 554,
556, 557, 570, 599-602, 631.
Chester Churchwardens, Presentment
Books and Visitation Papers, 208,
224, 225, 439, 507, 539, 556, 567.
Chester, Bishop of, 179.
Chesterfield, 536, 551.
Chetham's Library, 139.
Cheynell, Francis, 265.
Child, Anne, 562 : Samuel, 562.
Childwall, 602.
Chiles-quaque, 399.
Chinley, 600, 616, 624.
Chipping, 577, 599-
Chipping Norton, 235.
Chisenhall, Sir Edward, 538.
Chorley, 249, 569, 622.
Chorley, John, 605 : Josiah, 605 :
Richard, 605.
Chorlton, 570.
Chorlton, Hannah, 547, 559 : John,
139, 190, 191, 239, 250, 268, 295,
547, 559, 602.
Chorlton's Academy, Manchester,
198, 441, 600, 603, 605, 606, 608,
610.
Chowbent, 504, 566, 569, 584, 594,
618, 624.
Christ, Divinity of, 185 ; Humanity
of, preached by Quaker, 34, 267.
Christen, Thomas, 461.*
Christian Liberty, 274, 275, 280.
Christian Life, 583, 597, 607.
Christian Reformer, 83, 107-109, 114,
232, 378, 388, 397, 398, 401, 527,
532, 598.
Christian- Curwens of Workington,
593-
Christians, plain and honest, 283.
Christie, Jane, 465 : William, 316,
350, 465.*
Chulmley, Thomas, 20.
Church attendance, compulsory, 241 :
Livings, survey, 23.
Church government schemes, i.
Church Lawton, 547.
Churchill, A. and J., 182.
Cicero, 324.
Cirencester, 83.
Clapham, William, 576.
Clare, 607.
Clarendon, Earl of, 88.
Clark, Benjamin, 336 : Cornelius,
454, 455 : John, 256, 454, 609 :
Mary, 505 : Richard, 449 : Sam-
uel, 335 : William, 449, 455.
Clarke, John, 609, 616 : Samuel, 269,
270.
Clarkson, Thomas, 627.
Class, see Classis.
Classes, Westmorland, suggested, 10,
II : not formed, 15.
Classis, 10.
Claughton, 103.
Clavering, Sir Francis, 584 : James,
20 : Sir James, 584 : John, 584.
Claxton, Caleb, 317, 463 : Charles,
463 : Ecroydc, 317, 462 : Eliza-
beth, 465 : Jane, 462, 480 : John,
317, 351, 357, 462,* 463,* 464,*
465, 480,* 481,* 485 : Mary, 464,
480.
Claxton (Ecroyde), Claxton material,
317.
Clayton, Nicholas, D.D., 627.
Cleckheaton, 536, 543.
Clegg, Benjamin, 616, 617 ; James,
M.D., 128, 129. 189, 194-196, 544,
571, 600, 616 : Joseph, 616 : S.J.,
415-
Clegg (James), Diary, 131, 189, 195,
198, 544, 578, 590, 595, 396, 601,
607, 616.
Life of Ashe. 129, 189, 547, 562,
581, 610.
Clennell, G. Harold, 115.
Clergv during the Commonwealth
(Chap. II.), 36-64.
Clergy, Royalist, ejected, 8 : Scan-
dalous, 20.
Cliburn, 12.
Clifford, Lord, 85.
Clifton, 12.
Close House, 114.
Closes, 543.
Coal imports and duty, 30J.
644
INDEX.
Cock (Cocke), Esther, 509 : James,
31, 35, 48, 54, 58, 96, 99, 100, 150,
449,* iog : Mary, 95.
Cockcroft, Samuel Wild, 378. See
also Cockroft.
Cockerham, 608.
Cockerill, Mrs. 483 See also Cocknll.
Cockermouth, 2, 28, 31, 106, 107, 234,
275, 290, 328, 340, 440, 542, 585,
603, 604, 631, 632.
Corkey, 544, 583, 594, 630.
Cockin, John, 159.
Coclcrill, Elizabeth, 354, 357. See
also Cockerill.
Cockrott, William, 486. See also
Cockcroft.
Cocks (James), Memorials of Haiher-
low, 549, 596.
Cockshot, 556.
Colchester, 547, 550, 572.
Cold Hindley, 540
Colden, James, 474 : Margaret, 474.
Cole, Samuel, 12 : William, 12, 46,
47, 51-58, 80.
Coleman's Catalogue, 552.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 375, 523.
Coley, 150, 247.
Collier, John, 617 : Peter, 563.
Colligan, J. Hay, M.A., 250, 288, 295,
330, 348, 438, 445, 604, 613, 620,
623-626, 629-631, 633.
Collinfield, 308, 556.
CoUingwood, Cuthbert, Lord, 629.
Collins, Rev. , 445.
Collinson, William, 298-300, 302, 303,
499, 501, 509 : Will of, 300-302.
Collison, Robert, 34, 35.
Colthurst, Milhngton, 563 : Thomas,
563-
Colton, 34, 439, 508.
Colton, Lydia, 455 : William, 455,
478, 479-
Comberbach, 598.
Commercial Inn, 501.
Commissioners for approbation of
public preachers, 30, 48, 60.
Commissioners for ejection of scandal-
ous ministers, 30, 48.
Commissioners for propagating the
Gospel in the Northern Counties,
47, 115-
Commissioners for raising £20,000, 14.
Committee^ for Plundered Ministers
42.
Committee for Sequestrations, 19 :
Imprisoned, r6.
Committee for the North, 15.
Common garden 476, 495.
Commons' Journals, 4, 5, 8, 16, 20,
23, 380, 387.
Commonwealth and earlier (Chap. I.),
1-35-
Communion, Admission to, 61.
Comprehension Bill, 2ro.
Compton, Henry, Bishop, 135.
Confession of Faith, Westminster, 7.
Confessions of Faith, 282.
Confirmation, 168.
Conformist baptized at Chapel, 45 r.
Congleton, 402, 543, 567, 619.
Congregational Church, Kendal, 344,
345, 395-
Congregational Fund, 236, 260, 552,
571, 572, 576, 589 : Grant dis-
continued for heresy, 279, 285.
Congregational Historical Society,
Transactions, 119, 120, 159, 160,
193, 236, 276, 289, 290, 295, 330,
438, 445, 535, 552, 570-572, 576,
577, 580, 586, 589, 604, 609, 613,
615, 625, 633.
Coningham, James, 139, 250, 260,
295, 559, 603, 608.
Constables, special, 353.
Consumption, 480.
Controversies in divinity, 277.
Controversy, 282.
" Conventicalling," 154, 202.
Conventicle Acts, 87-89, 96.
Conventicles, 88, 93-96, 203 : Order
for suppression, 203.
Cook, William, 607.
Cookson, Edwin Mitford, 473 : Eliza-
beth, 462, 471,* 472,* 473,* 474,
481, 484, 513, 522, 524 : Hannah,
472 : Henry, 472 : James, 351,
357, 371, 372, 462-464, 47r, 484,*
485, 505, 522, 524 : John, 471 :
Margaret, 471* : Mar}', 474 : Miss,
354 : Mr., 371 : R., 410 : Richard,
464, 472, 484, 522 : Sarah, 473 :
Thomas, 372, 374, 378, 471,* 472,*
473,* 474, 502, 503, 505, 506, 522 :
William, 77, 372, 463, 471, 505,
522 : William Strickland, 4r5, 471,
522.
Cooper, Mary, 487.
Coppendale, Joseph, 549.
Copperas works, first, in Scotland,
329, 627.
Coppock, Ann, 617 : James, 416 :
John, 617 : Katharine, 617 : Wil-
liam, 617.
Coppull, 538, 566.
Corbett (Corbet), Alice, 471, 472,*,
473,* 486, Anthony Fothergill, 473:
Elizabeth, 472, 487 : James, 47i,
472,* 473,* 486* : John, 47r, 487 :
Mary, 472 : Thomas, 556 : Wil-
liam, 473, 486.
Cordingl.ey, Ann, 617 : Joshua, 617 :
Titus, 617, 619, 623.
Corlesse, see Courlass.
Corn Laws, 406, 407, 425.
Corn merchants, 396.
Cornes, James, 207 : Jane, 207.
Cornforth, William, 116.
Cornish, J., 564.
INDEX.
645
Cornthwaite, R., 628.
Corporation, Royalists disabled, 22,
33-
Corrie, Simon, 338.
Corruption and defection, 270.
Coseley, 568.
Cosin, Bishop, 118, 197.
Cottingham, 553, 617.
Cotton, Thomas, 124, 126, 141, 145,
148, 149, 174, 539-
Cotton Works, Buineside, 470.
Coulthred, Mary, 456 : Thomas, 456.
Couperthwait, see Cowperthwaite.
Courlass, Dorothy, 553 : William,
553-
Covenant refused by Westmorland
ministers, 42.
Covenanters, gr.
Coventry, 62, 556.
Cowan, George, 487.
Cowell, Bridget, 114 : John, 14.
Cowper, Dorothy, 207 : John, 207 :
Thomas, 207.
Cowper (H. Swainson), Hawkshead,
439-
Cowperthwaite (Couperthwait), Ag-
nes , 495 : Ann, 495 : John,
495 : Marian, 205 : Thomas, 205 :
William George, 495.
Cox, Edward, 415.
Cox (C. J.), Churches of Derbyshire,
589.
Cradock, Mr., r47.
Cragg, Robert, 405,
Craig, John, 458,* 459, 476 : William,
4^9. 476.
Craigie, 528.
Craister, Thomas, 20, 30.
Crakenthorpe, Richard, 20.
Crane, Edward, 617, 618 : Mar}', 618 :
Roger, 6r7 : Samuel, 249, 569.
Craven, 144, 146, 147, 149, 165, 171,
200, 539, 555, 588 : Clergy, ig-
norant, 170 : Petition against
Frankland, 166: Hills, altitude, 167.
Creaton, 6r2.
Creeds not used, 271.
Creighton, Elizabeth, 472 : James,
472, 485 : Jane, 472.*
Cressett, Edward, 59.
Cressington, 114.
Crewe, Marquess of, 113, 618.
Crewkerne, 617.
Crick, 610.
Crimean War, 421.
Crippen, T. G., 276, 295, 330, 570, 577.
Crisp, Andrew, 30.
Crisp (F. A.), Visitation of England
and Wales, 540.
Crofton (H. T.), Newton Chapelry,
583, 630.
Crompton, John, 162, 176, 240, 583,
602 : Joseph, 140, 27r, 597, 602,
603 : Margery, 602 : Thomas, 176.
Cromwell, Oliver, is, 29, 45, 55, 117
267.
Crook (Lancashire), 566.
Crook (Westmorland), 98, 204, 223,
239, 260, 273, 276, 296, 297, 439,
449,* 504, 603 : Episcopal Chapel,
439 : Sermons, 192, 235.
Crook and Stainton Chapels (Chap.
XXXIII.), 438-445.
Crook (Crooke), Anne, 566 : Isabel,
589 ; John, 566 : Richard, 593 :
Samuel, 538, 550, 566 : Thomas,
593-
Cropper, Arabella, 628 : John, 415,
417, 428 : Mrs., 546.
Crosby, 85.
Crosby-on-the-Hill, 84.
Crosby, David, see Crossley, David.
Cross Street, Cheshire, 442, 598.
Crossfield (Crosfield), Agnes, 453 :
Ann, 454 : Elizabeth, 455 : George
207 : John, 453,* 454, 455,* 459,
476 : Mabel, 207 : Manuel, 455 :
Margaret, 459.
Crosskey, H. W., 429, 430.
Crossley, David, 172, 173 : James,
431, 432.
Crosthwaite (Cumberland), 29.
Crosthwaite (Westmorland), r54, iC.'i,
439, 452, 513 : Chapel-wardens on
Frankland, 155, 156.
Crosthwayte, John, 20.
Crowdson, Richard, 204.
Crowkeld, Isabel, 453 : Mar^', 455 :
Richard, 454 : Stephen, 453,* 454,
455 : William, 453.
Crown and Mitre Inn, 508,
Crutched Friars, 55 r.
Cumberbach, Ellen, 58r.
Cumberland, Association of minis-
ters, 24-29 : Westmorland minis-
ters join, 28 : Association of min-
isters mider Toleration, 228, 229,
230, 276, 277, 290.
Cumberland, Godly ministers. 16 :
Ministers wanted, 15 : Papists and
malignants, 6 : Necessitous congre-
gations, 260 : Provincial, 290.
Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquar-
ian & ArchcBological Society Tran-
sactions, 36, 52, 75, 86, 250, 299,
305, 620.
Cumberland Pacquet, 348, 360, 361.
Cummin, Samuel, 463 : Thomas, 463.
Cummings, John, 270.
Cunningham, Francis, 456 : John,
456.
Currer, Jane, 192.
Currie, James, M.D., srg : Mr., 528.
Curron, see Curwen.
Curwen, Darcy, 593 : Helena, 117,
593 : Isabel, 78, 154 : J., F., 36,
42, 46, 47 : Thomas, 117, 154, 167,
598 : Wilfrid, 593.
646
INDEX.
D.K.K. see Duncan, H. W.
Dacres, Lord, 102.
Dalby, Mr., 430.
Dale, Bryan, 276, 295, 330, 535, 570,
577, 607.
Dale (Bryan), Good Lord Wharton,
234, 574, 579-
Yorkshire Puritanism, 59,
198, 199, 535, 592.
Dale (R.W.), History of English Con-
gregationalism, 164, 210.
Dalegarth, 167.
Dalham Tower, 85.
Daliel, Henry, 605.
Dalstons of Smardall Hill, 84.
Dalton, John, D.C.L,, 406, 419, 424,
523 : John, of Shap, 84, 85, 253.
Dalton-in-Furness, 104, 635.
Danvers, Isabel, 589.
Darbishire, S. Dukinfield, 415.
Darcy Lever, 595.
Darlington, 328.
Darlington, John, 143-145.
Darnton, John, 143-145.
Dartford, 593.
Darwen, 61, 224, 589, 626.
Darwin, Charles, F.R.S,, 567.
Davenport, Adam, 563 : Thomas,
618 : William, 618.
Daventry, 593 : Academy, 321, 332,
334-336, 616, 631-634. "
Davie, Thomas, 607.
Davies (Davis), Ann, 488 : James,
488 : John, 596 : Robert, 488* :
Samuel, 577, 620 : Stephen, 579 :
William, 488.
Davis, see Davies.
Davy, Thomas, 607.
Dawes, John, 580 : Thomas, 580.
Dawner, William, 495.
Dawney, Agnes, 502.
Dawson, Abraham, 150, 158, 553:
Benjamin, LL.D., 618 : Eli, 587,
618, 619 : Gabriel, 206 : Henry,
20 : Isaac, 416 : Joseph, 143-145,
147, 148, 157, 158, 173, 553, 578,
619 : K. & M., 416 : Margaret,
206 : Mrs., 415 : Rowland, 11, 14,
18 : Samuel, 587 : Thomas, M.D.,
619 : William, 20.
Dawson Fold, 154-157, 561.
Daye, Elizabeth, Poem on Rotheram,
364 : James, 312-315, 323, 325.
331. 339, 340, 364, 457,* 619,
620.
Dean, Adam, 338-340.
Dean Row, 543, 583.
Deane, 545.
Dearneley to Thorneley (Chap. XXI.)
231-237.
Dearneley, Nicholas, 231 : William,
231-232, 568.
Declaration for Liberty of Conscience,
157, 220, 222.
Declaration of Indulgence, 98, 122,
201.
Dedham, 57.
Degrees, 138-141.
Delamere, Lord, 56, 90.
De la Rose, Samuel, 591, 598.
Delavall, Ralph, 20.
Delavals, Thomas, 20.
Demoniacal possession, 175-179.
Demoniack, see Surey Demoniack.
Demosthenes, 324.
Denbigh, 579.
Denby, Kirkheaton, 124.
Dennison (Dennyson), Benjamin, 439:
James, 207.
Denny, Thomas, 103.
Dent, James, 506.
Denton, 123, 223-225, 545.
Dents of Hilbeck Hall, 84.
Deptford, 631.
Deputy Keeper's Reports, 104, 592.
De Quincey, Thomas, 375.
De Quincey (Thomas), Lake remini-
scences, 375.
Derby, 603.
Derby, Charlotte, Countess of, 525.
Dethick, 549.
Devis, see Davies.
Dickenson (Dickinson), Anne, 248 :
Benjamin, 248 : Elizabeth, 155 :
Henry, 574 : James, 104 : John,
205, 443, 558, 620, 621 : Mr., 261,
331, 457, 521 : Roger, 155, 443 :
Thomas, 156, 246, 248, 260, 445,
576, 586, 620.
Dickins, Mr., 546.
Dickinson, see Dickenson.
Dickson, see Dixon.
Dictionary of Naiiottal Biography, 32,
114, 123, 193, 23S, 293, 315,' 319,
350, 512, 538, 540, 541, 564, 600,
601, 605, 606, 614, 619, 622, 632,
634-
Dillicar, 204.
Directory for worship, 7, 148 : used
in Kendal, 45 ; not used by
Dissenters, 271,
Disabilities of Dissenters, 385.
Discipline, 23, 25.
Disney, Daniel, 597 : John, 597.
Dispensary, 351, 515.
Diss, 605, 620.
Dissenters, odium raised against, 368.
Dissenters' Chapels Act, 405, 410, 411,
420.
Divinity of Christ, 284.
Dixon, Agnes, 451 : Charles, 463 :
Mary, 456 : Mrs., 404 : Patrick,
451 : Richard, 456 : Susanna, 544 :
Thomas, of Kellow, 116 : Thomas,
M.D., of Whitehaven, 252, 253,
255, 258, 261, 276, 289, 295, 621 :
Thomas, junior, 621, 622 : William,
456,* 463-
INDEX.
647
Dob Lane, 442, 583, 607, 617, 650.
Docker, 204.
Docker, Charles, 409, 469 : Edward,
473, 474,* 487 : Elizabeth, 473 :
Mary Anne, 474 : Rebecca, 473,
474* : William, 487.
Dockwray, Josias, 117: Marv, 117.
Dockwray Hall Mills, 483.
Dr. Williams's Library, 198, 242, 248,
327, 556, 564-
Doctrines, Principal, 367.
Documents relating to Hindley, 551.
Doddridge, Philip, 330, 332, 335, 610.
Dodgson (Dodgshon, Dodson), Anne,
503, 525 : Catherine, 623 : Jona-
than, 301, 305, 450, 511, 512, 525 :
Margaret, 450: Mary, 449, 500, 509,
511 : Rebecca, 456, 477,* 508, 512 :
Thomas, 84, 85, 336, 342, 346, 449,
450,* 456,* 477, 481, 508, 511, 512,
525, 623. See also Dodson.
Dodington, 608, 611.
Dodson, Joseph of Penrudduik. 260,
276-286, 35S : Michael, 358.
Dolgelly, 590.
Doncaster, 565.
Donegal, Countess of. 541.
Doolittle, Thomas, 568.
Dore, 609.
Dornam, R., 409.
Douglas (Isle of Man), 363, 364, 530.
Douglas (Lancashire), 66, 67.
Douglas, Alexander, 480.
Doukers, Thomas, 156.
Dowker, James, 312.
Down (Downess), John, 543 : Rich-
ard, 543.
Downpatrick, 611.
Dowsett (H.), Notes on Holcombe, 576,
599-
Drinkall, Marmaduke, 592 : Thomas,
592-
Drogheda, 546.
Dronfield, 539.
Drummond, James, 458* : Dr.
James, 428.
Drunken Barnaby, 123.
Drunkenness, Society against, 233.
Dublin, 269, 541, 543, 602, 611.
Duckenfield, see Dukinfield.
Duckett, Anthony, 205.
Duckworth, Mr., 402.
Dudley, 564.
Dugdale, Richard, 175-179.
Dugdale (Sir W.), Visitation of Lan-
cashire, 65, 590.
Dukinfield, 545, 575, 623.
Dukinfield Register, 189, 442, 547,
559, 567, 572, 575, 581, 583, 598.
Dukinfield, Sir Charles, 575 : James,
-90 : Joseph, 597 ; Ratcliff, 590 :
Col. Robert, 597 : Sir Robert, 575,
597-
Dumfries, 300, 504, 516, 627.
Dunbavin, Catherine, 456 : Jacob,.
456.
Duncan, Lord, 371.
Duncan (H. W.), Reminiscences of
persons and places in Kendal, 396,
528.
Durant, William, 52.
Durham, 31, 328, 577, 587, 592, 632 :
College, 55, 116 : Papists and Mal-
ignants, 6.
Durham, James, 146.
Dutch Barn, 433.
Duty on Christenings and Burials,
482.
Dyers' Hall, 62.
Dyffrynhonddu, 596.
Dyson, Jeremiah, 621 : Miss, 512.
Eadon, Easter, 192.
Eadson, Mary, 529 : Richard, 529.
Eaglesfield, Gawin, 107.
Earle, Jabez, 299, 503, 583.
Earwaker, J. P., 56.
Earwaker, East Cheshire, 575, 590:
Index to Chester Wills, 539 : Lan-
cashire and Cheshire Wills, 37, 610.
East Indies, 476.
Easter dues, 45, 74, 75.
Eastwood, 606.
Eaton, 547.
Eaton, John, 547 : Joseph, 546, 547 :
Mr., 504 : Samuel, 176, 240, 63r.
Eccles, 554, 565, 566.
Ecclesiastical Courts, 170, r88.
Echlin, see Eglin.
Ecroyde, John, 311, 317 : Mary, sri,
317.
Edenhall, 24, 28, 61. 74.
Edinburgh, 41, 464 : Anti-Burger
Presbytery, 343 : Presbytery, 343.
Edinburgh University, 306, 326, 418,
517, 535-537, 539-541, 543, 545"
548, 557, 570, 575, 577, 580, 592,
603, 606, 611, 621, 628, 629, 632 :
Recognition of Frankland's Acad-
emy, 140.
Edwards, Elizabeth, 47o,* 47i,*
484* : George, 465 : Hamilton,
470,* 471, 484 : Mrs.. 416 : Na-
thaniel, 544 : Wilham, 465.
Edwards (Thomas), Gangrcena, 2, 32,
33, 227, 265.
Eglin (Echlin), Agnes, 468-470 :
George, 468, 470 : George Taylor,
469* : James, 468*-47o : William,
468.*
Egremont, 31.
Ejected ministers, few, in Westmor-
land, 81, 84.
Elders, 10 : for Kendal, 12-14.
Election, discussion, 275.
Election, Parliamentary, 347, 405.
Electric attraction, lecture, 307.
Elland, 332, 393, 5i8, 548, 615.
648
INDEX.
Ellel, 103.
Ellen Royd, 248.
Ellenthorp, 116, 586.
Elleray (EUerey), Thomas, 234 :
William, 206.
Ellerson, Alice, 450 : George, 450.
Ellet, Elizabeth, 580.
Elston, Thomas, 141, 536.
Elswick, 588, 606, 607.
Elswicke, Robert, 588.
Elsynge, H., 5.
Elwood, Samuel, 103.
Elyetson, Thomas, 464 : William,
464.
Emigration difficulties, 398.
Emlyn, Thomas, 269, 541.
Enfield, Edward, 416 : William, 288.
Engagement, 22.
Entry Lane, 467.
Episcopacy, i.
Epsom, 580.
Eslvrigg, Agnes, 204.
Essex Hall Year Book, 635.
Etal, 575.
Evangelical Magazine, 395.
Evangelical revival, 286, 290.
Evans, Allen, 628 : George Eyre, 240,
534 : Jenkin, 133, 602 : Dr. John,
133, 196, 198. 274, 296, 444, 503,
565, 574, 590, 593, 604-607, 612 :
John, of Wrexham, 590, 605.
Evans (Geo. Eyre), Antiquarian notes,
393, 572, 575, 603, 616 : Record of
the Provincial Assembly of Lanca-
shire and Cheshire, 543, 548, 573,
376, 380, 383, 594, 599, 600, 613,
620 : Shropshire nonconformist reg-
isters, 602, 611 : Vestiges of Pro-
testant Dissent, 344, 558, 611, 613,
616, 617, 621, 625, 630.
Evanson, Edward, 306.
Excommunication, 163.
Exeter, 543 : Trinitarian controversy.
272-274.
Eyam, 600.
Eyre, Henry, 574.
Failswcrth, 607, 630.
" Fair Chance," 336.
Fairbank, John, 312 : Margaret, 512.
Fairer, William, 203.
Falinge, 544.
Fallowfield, 332.
Fanatics, 92, 93, 297.
Fancet, see Fawcett.
Far Cross Bank, 460, 462,* 463, 468,
470, 483.*
Farley Hall, 535.
Farnley Wood plot, 63.
Farrand, see Ferrand.
Farrar, Jeremiah, 337.
Farrer, Montague, 515.
Farrer (William), North Meols, 580.
Farrington, 561.
Farrow, Samuel, 552.
Fawcett (Faucet, Faucett), Jane, 204:
John, 204 : Thomas, 103 : J. W.,
115-
Fawnog Farm, 590.
Fearnhead, 339.
Feild, see Field.
Feliskirk, 397.
Fell Trust, 347, 516.
Fell, John, 73, 76 : Mrs., see Fox,
Mrs. : Richard, 301.
Fellowship Funds, 379, 318, 519.
Fellside, 459, 460, 463, 465, 469, 477,
491, 492, 512.
Fellside Chapel, 231.
Fenton, 373.
Fenton, Anne, 247 : Eh, 537 :
Thomas, 247.
Fenwick, George, 20, 30 : Sir John,
20 : Robert, 30 : Thomas, 347 :
William, 20.
Ferrand, Benjamin, 552 : Samuel,
552.
Fetherstone, Mr., 34.
Field, 330.
Field, Henry, 17.
Fife, Elizabeth, 437 : John, 457.
Fifth Monarchists, 63.
Filby, 605.
Finch, Hannah, 398 : Henrv, 548 :
Peter, 148, 548, 398, 617.
Findern Academy, 320, 321, 350, 616,
633.
Finkle Street, 432, 439, 461, 463,
464*-47o,* 471, 473, 476, 480,*
481, 482-*484,* 510, 319.
Finkle Street House, 298, 303.
Firbank, 34, 204.
Fire of London, 91.
Firmin, Thomas, 268.
First Publishers of Truth, 32.
Fish Market, 468, 480, 481.*
Fisher, James, 301 : Nicholas, 13, 14.
F'ishlake, 363.
Fishwick, Col. H., 596.
Fishwick (Henry), Kirkham, 68, 103 :
Preston, 38.
Fitch, Thomas, 20.
Five Mile .Act, 89, 124, 133, 438.
Flanshaw Hall, 364.
Fleming, Sir Daniel, 64, 76, 86, 88,
90-94, 96-98, 134, 202, 208-210,
218 : Sir Michael le, 360.
Fleming papers, (Hist. MSS. Comm.)
76, 86, 90, 93, 94, 97, 98, 134, 202,
210, 218, 233.
Flemings of Crosby and Rydal, 83.
Flemington House, 195.
Fletcher, Edmund, 600 : John, 399,
600 : Michael, 398 : Phoebe, 398 :
Thomas, 599.
Flint, Henry, 397.
Flixton, 336, 598.
Flosh, 528.
INDEX.
649
462 :
Foot companies called out, 91.
Ford (Derbyshire), 129, 562, 568.
Ford (Northumberland), 575.
Ford, Alice, 462 : Diiiah,
George, 462.
Fordingbridge, 537.
Forster, Joseph, 198.
Forth, James, 482,*
Forton in the Fylde, 608, 614.
Foster, Elizabeth, 114 : John, 96,
475 : Mary, 96 : WiUiam, 301.
Foster (Joseph), Alumni Oxonienses,
39, 49, ^51, 65, 106, 586, 591, 602,
607 : Visitation pedigrees of Cum-
berland and Westmorland, 13,
Fothergill, Ann, 457,* 475 : Anthony,
372, 378, 451, 432, 456, 457, 486,
505, 506, 524 : George, 84 : Har-
riet, 461 : Isabella, 462 : John,
458 : Margaret, 456 : Mary, 460,
482 : Mrs., 487 : Ruth, 452, 456 :
Wilham, 351, 357, 451, 456,* 457,*
458, 459,* 460-462, 475, 477,*
482, 484, 502, 524.
Founders Hall, 62.
Fountains Fell, 167.
Fowl Ing, 323.
Fowler's Durham University, 117.
Fox, George, 32-34, 70, 91, 93, 104 :
" Saint Fox," 253, 383 : uses a
concordance, 54 : Mrs., 93.
Fox (George), Journal, 33, 104.
Fox (George) Park Lane Chapel,
584.
Foxcroft, Edward, 540 : John, 540 :
Richard, 540.
Fr. Lane, see French Lane.
Framlingham, 570, 605.
France, War, 370, 371.
Francis, St., 253.
Franckland, see Frankland.
Frankland, arms 113 : Motto, 197.
Frankland, Barbary, 119, 193 : Brid-
get, 114 : Dorothy, 114 : Eliza-
beth, 114 : Elizabeth (dau. of
R.F.), 192, 193 : Elizabeth (wife of
R. F.), 117, 150, 174, 191-193, 534,
552, 560, 593 : Frances, 113, 573 :
Genet, 114 : George, 114 : Jane,
114 : Janet, 114 : John, 113, 114,
574 : John (son of R. F.), 128, 193,
194, 548 : M. €., 428 : Margaret,
114 : Margaret, (dau. of R. F.),
186, 192-195 : Mary, 192-194 :
Miles, 114 : Mr., of Bramham, 114,
574 : Mrs., of Bramah, 114 : Mrs.,
of Manchester, 113 : Penelope, 113.
Frankland, Richard, Early life and
ejection (Chap. VII.), ii3-i2r.
Academy : Rathmell and Nat-
land (Chap. VIII.), 122-127.
Academy : Student life and
course of study (Chap. IX.), 128-
141.
Frankland, Richard, Ordinations and
persecution (Chap. X.), 142-152.
Academy : Difficulties and mi-
grations (Chap. XL), 153-158.
Academy : Toleration and per-
secution (Chap. XII.), 159-174.
and the " Surey Demoniack "
(Chap. XIII. ), i75-'i79-
as author (Chap. XIV.), 180-187.
Death, will and family (Chap.
XV.), 188-195.
Character and portrait (Chap.^
XVI.), 196-198.
Pupils (Chap. XXXVIII.), 532-
612.
Frankland, Richard, 113-198, 199, 200,
203, 208, 219, 232, 233, 235, 239,
268, 271, 274, 353, 532-612 : Name
spelled Franckland, 114, 121, 141,
etc.; Franklin, 116, 165, 196;
Franklyn, 115 : Portrait, 198 :
Visit to the King, 120 : Will, igi.
Frankland, Richard, 113, 114: Richard
(son of R. F.), 156, r58, 193, 560,
635 : Roger, 114 : Samuel, 193 : Ste-
phen, 114: Thomas, 114: Wil-
liam, 113, ri4.
Franklands of Thirkleby, 113.
Franklyn, Robert, confused with
Frankland, 119, 120.
Fraser, Alexander, 471 : John, 471 :
Sophia, 471.
Free Grace, 137.
Free Will, 138, 282.
French, Captain, 86 : James, 455 :
Mr,, 541 : Thomas, 454, 455 :
William, 454.
French Lane, 461, 462,* 463,* 464,*
479, 481.
French Revolution, 361, 362.
Friends, see Quakers.
Friends' Historical Society
Friends' Library, Devonshire House,
251.
Fulledge, 538.
Furness Fell, 439, 579, 615.
Fylde, 68, 588.
Gaboon River, 317.
Gainsborough, 503, 597, 601, 630.
Gair, , 415.
Gaitor, W., 416.
Gale, George Augustus, 475.
Galloway rebels, 91.
Gardiner, Elizabeth, 453 : John, 453 :
Mr., of Kendal, 543.
Gardner, Capt., 14 : Dawson, 470 :
Elizabeth, 470 : Francis, 37 :
Isabel, 205, 458 : Mary Ann, 470 :
Thomas, 205, 458.
Gargrave, Michael, 562.
Garner, Abraham, 95, 96 : James,
332.
650
INDEX.
Garnett (Garnet, Gernet), Agnes, 500 :
Anthony, 206 : Dorothy, 207 :
Elizabeth, 502 : James, 165, 232 :
John, 96, 99, 100, 301 : Marian,
206 : Myles, 301 : Thomas, 207 :
William, 14, 31.
Garrigill, 580,
Garsdale, 504.
Garside, John, 409, 414, 486 : Sarah,
496 : WiHiam, 410, 414, 486 :
William G., 418, 496.
Garstang, 67, 306.
Gaskell, Mrs. E. C, 624 : Miss 416 :
Peter, 622 : Mrs. Roger, 416 :
William, 412, 430, 622.
Gaskiu powder recipe, 186.
Gastrell (F)., Notitia Cestriensis, 296,
507-
Gateacre, 240, 261, 363-366, 414,
594, 596, 609, 622, 626.
Gateshead, 31, 55.
Gatliered churches, 2.
Gathorn, 14.
Gawthorp, see Gawthrop.
Gawthrop ( Gowthrop, Gowthorp,
Gowthroppe, Gowthorpe), Ann,
357, 455, 485,* 520 : Catherine,
521 : Hannah, 303, 341, 342, 448,
455, 476, 514, 515 : John, 450,
476 : Joseph, 451 : Margaret, 455,
456, 484 : Mary, 456, 476 : Misses,
354 : Rebecca, 457, 487 : Robert,
351, 353, 357, 371-373, 376, 381,
457, 496, 501, 502, 505, 520, 521 :
Samuel, 34s, 35i, 353, 356, 357,
450, 455,* 456,* 457, 482, 486, 501-
503, 505, 514, 515, 520 : Sarah,
456, 486 : William, 342, 346, 351,
371, 448,* 449, 450,* 451, 456, 481,
514, 520.
Gee, Edward, .s6, 68.
Geldart, Thomas, 589.
Gellibrand, Joseph, 555, 589, 598,
599 : Thomas, 599.
Genealogist, 113, 246, 555, 567, 571 :
Geneva, 185.
Gentleman's Magazine, 516, 629.
George I., 597.
George II., 628.
German, Thomas, 301.
Germans, Distressed, 376, 397.
Gernet, see Garnett.
Ghyll, The, 370, 516.
Gibson, Agnes, 456 : Dr., 504 :
Elizabeth (Betty), 449, 452, 458,
503 ; Hannah, 293 : Henry, 449,
451,* 452, 478, 500, 513 : J. P.,
310 : Jane, 476, 513 : John, 449 :
Margaret, 357, 451, 479* : Mary,
449, 481, 513 : Prudence, 478, 513 :
Thomas, 293, 336, 342, 345, 348-
350, 449,* 451, 456, 458, 475, 476,*
•(.So, 481, 499, 500, 513 : Thomas,
gives Ralphford Hall, 348-350.
Giggleswick, 113, 114, 119, 120, 163,
164, 190, 191, 193, 194, 595 : Over-
seers, 192 : Scliool, 115, 166.
Gildar, see Geldart.
Gildersome, 558.
Gill, Jeremiah, 564 : John, 404, 405,
409'.
Gillibrand, see Gellibrand.
Gilling (Isaac), Life of Trosse, 142.
Gilpin, Allan, 11, 13, 17, 18 : Bar-
tholomew, 205 : Christopher, 17 :
Richard, 24, 31, 250, 557, 572, 573 :
William, opinion on CoUinson's
bequest, 302.
Gilpin (John), Quaker shaken, 34.
Gilpin (Richard), Temple re-built, 29.
Gilson, Daniel, 550.
Gipps, Thomas, 137, 269.
Gisburn, 114, 200.
Gladstone, W. E., 411.
Glapwell, 549.
Glasgow, 66, 429, 430, 627.
Glasgow University, 66, 322, 326,
332, 402, 423, 573, 578, 604-606,
614, 618, 619, 622, 624, 628, 630,
631, 634.
Gleadil, sec Gledhill.
Gleave, Phoebe, 598.
Gledhill, John, 197, 550.
Gloucester, 431, 437, 621, 626.
Glover, Ann, 474, 487 : Elizabeth,
487 : James, 474, 487,* 488, 506 :
Thomas, 474, 487.*
Glyn, George Carr, 425.
Goad, James, 469.
Godhead defined in scriptural terms,
274.
Godley, Halifax, 39.
Godwin, Richard, 622.
Goodwin, Mrs., 39, 40.
Gordon, Alexander, 114, 115, 120,
139, 157, 163, 165, 182, 197, 250,
315, 402, 439, 541, 600, 601, 634,
635 : C. J. 294.
Gordon (Alexander), Dob Lane Chapel,
546, 559, '583, 607, 617, 630 :
Dukinfield Chapel, 623 : Early
nonconformity and educatioti, 140.
Gorton, 104, 576.
Gorwood, John, 572.
Gottingen University, 418.
Gough, John, blind philosopher, 374,
375, 378, 523, 524 : Nathan, 523.
Gough (John), History of the Quakers,
32, 34-
Gouldsmith, H., 116.
Gowdie, Ann, 459 : John, 458 :
Robert, 458, 459.
Gowood, see Gorwood.
Gowthorp, Gowthrop, see Gawthrop.
Grace, 282.
Grace, Isaac, 602 : John, 602, 609.
Graduati Cantabrigienses, 561, 591,
600.
INDEX.
651
Graham (Grahame, Gream), Agnes,
460, 480 : x\ndrew, 455, 459, 460,*
461,* 462-464 : Anne, 509 : Chris-
topher, 462 : David, 622 : Esther,
460, 461 : Isaac, 458 : James,
463 : John, 455 : Margaret, 459,
461, 476 : Mary, 464 : Robert,
455,* 456,* 458, 459,* 4/6, 477,
480 : William, 331, 615.
Grammar School, 63-64, 522.
Grange, 304.
Grant, James, 466, 481 : John, 465,
466, 481 : Mary, 463.
Grappenhall, 581.
Grasmere, 11, 12, 77, 82.
Grasty, see Gresty.
Grave, Jane, 205 : Margaret, 205 :
Miles, 205 : Thomas, 205.
Gray (Marshall N. G.), Presbyterian-
ism in Kendal, 124, 343, 345.
Gray, Robert, 344.
Gray's Inn, 216.
Grayrigg, 74, 205, 297, 458.
Graystock, see Greystoke.
Gream, see Graham.
Great Marlovv, 579.
Greaves, John, 485.
Green, Henry, 428 : John, 162 :
Samuel, 607.
Green Hill, 611.
Greenacres, 609, 623.
Greenhalgh, John, D.D., 525.
Greenhow arms, 418.
Greenhow, Ann, 357, 426, 455, 489,*
490*, 491, 492, 525, 526, 529 : Ann
Kay, 436, 437, 529: Cuthbert Relph,
403, 491, 525-527, 529 : Dorothy,
489, 526 : Eliza, 490, 526 : Eliza-
beth, 525 : George Relph, 403, 404.
490, 526. See also Relph, G. R. G.
Hannah, 489, 526 : James, 500,
525 : Jane, 403, 426, 490, 526 :
John, 309, 376, 395, 426, 429, 431,
432, 452, 489,* 490,* 491, 492, 500,
525, 526, 529: John Openshaw,
529 : Mary, 526, 529 : Miss, 354 :
Mrs., 414 : R., Relph 526 : Rich-
ard, 526 : Robert, 398, 452,* 455,
500, 525, 526 : Robert Gawthorpe,
529 : Samuel, 526 : Sarah, 492,
526 : Thomas, 452, 458,* 525, 526.
Greenwood, James, 83, 84 : Mr., no.
Gregge, Edward, 593.
Gregs of Styal, 593.
Grendon, 563.
Gressingham, 103.
Gresty, Samuel, 108.
Grey, Christopher, 465, 481 : Col.,
41 : William, 465, 481.
Grey (Zachary), Impartial examination
of the fourth volume of NeaVs His-
tory of the Puritans, 34.
Greystoke, 24, 28, 31, 250, 604,
625.
Griffith, Griffith, 589 : John, 62 :
Peter, 589.
Grimshaw, Hannah, 598 : James,
598 : Mary, 598.
Grosvenor, Benjamin, D.D., 299, 503,
582.
Grotius, Hugh, 281.
Gruell, Isaac, 96.
Grundy, Alfred, 526 : Eliza, 526 :.
Mary, 526 : Thomas, 416, 526 :
T. S., 416.
Gudgeon, Edward, 473 : Hannah,
473 : Isabella, 473,* 474 : Jane,.
474, 486 : Robert, 473,* 474, 486.
Guiseley, 577.
Gunpowder plot celebration at Edin-
burgh, 557.
Gunson, Agnes, 392.
Gunstan, Mr., 260.
Guy, Edmond, 11.
H-rl-y, see Harley, Edward,
Hacker, Francis, 20.
Hackney, 619 : New College, 327.
Hadfield, George, 315. See also Hat-
field.
Hadwen, Alice, 95.
Hague-Hall, 61.
Haig, David, 194 : D. P., 195 : James
R., 194.
Hale, 573-
Hale, Bridget, 205.
Hales, Baron, 72, 73.
Halhead ( Halehead, Haleheard ),,
Hannah, 95 : Henry, 207 : James,
95 : Margaret, 207 : Miles, 17, 19,.
48, 54, 207.
Haliday, see Halliday.
Halifax, 61, 181, 189, 248 401, 406,
509, 517, 518, 553, 558, 561, 588,,
592, 609, 618, 619, 635.
Hall, Henry, B.D., Vicar, 37-38, 40,.
41, 43 : Joseph, 546 : Martha, 546 :
Mr., 242 : Ralph, 59 : Robert, 104.
Hall Garth, 515.
Hallet, Joseph, 273.
Halliday, James, 458 : John, 458 .-
Peter, 458,* 459, 460,* 488 ,
Thomas, 459 : Timothy, 145, 148,,
150, 151, 543 : William, 460.
Hallows (Hallowes), Elizabeth, 549 :
Samuel, 549, 565.
Halsall (Halsey), Mr., 31.
Halstead, James, 572, 609 : Martha,.
610.
Halton, 101-103, 566, 635.
Haltwhistle, Collection for, 342.
Hamilton, Duke of, 102, 103.
Hamilton, Edward, 460 : George, 458,*
459,*, 460-463, 476,* 477 : J. €.,,
603 : James, 463 : Jane, 459, 477 :
Joseph, 461 : Marv, 459 : Sarahs
462.
Hammond, Samuel, 31, 53, 115.
652
INDEX.
Hampson (T.), Harwich, 594.
Hampstead, 530.
Hand, T. W, 247
Hand Alley, London, 133.
Hansworth, 539.
Harborough, see Hartbarrow.
Hardaker, Henry, 577.
Hardcastle, Thomas, 62.
Harden Beck, 552.
Harding, J. S., 586.
Hardman, Mrs., 622.
Hardware, Frances, 557 : John, 557 :
Samuel, 557.
Hardy, Catherine, 346, 354, 482, 512,
623 : John, 482, 512, 622, 623.
Hareing, John, 606.
Harelaw, 569.
Harker, Edmund, 474 : Jonathan,
474 : Mary, 474.
Harleston, 631.
Harley, Edward, 279.
Harmonious consent, 66, 102.
Harnham, 568, 569.
Harries, Charles, 194 : Mary, 194.
Harris, George, 418 : William, D.D.,
198, 299, 441, 503, 551, 582, 606.
Harrison, of Christ's, 60 : Agnes, 207,
392, 459, 472*-474,* 486, 488, 523'
Alice, 206, 367, 392, 393, 474, 486
488 : Alicia, 393 : Ann, 450, 478
Benjamin, 449, 507, 508 : Gather
ine, 512 : Guthbert, 554, 614
Edward, 366, 378, 392, 473,*. 474."
485-487, 506, 523 : Elizabeth, 457
Ellen, 392, 485, 614 : Frances, 510
George, 473 : Hannah, 454, 478
Isaac, 436 : Isabella, 450 : J. of
Grimsargh, 381 : James, 455
Jane, 205 : Janet, 114 : John
297, 299-302, 305, 449,* 451,* 452,
453, 454,* 455,* 456, 472, 473, 475^
485,* 486, 499, 500, 502, 505, 507:
508, 510-512, 554-
Harrison, John (Chap. XXIX.), 366-
394, 397, 468-471,* 485,* 488,*
489, 492,* 516, 523 : John Mason,
473, 523 : Mally, 503 : Margaret
Airey, 474 : Mary, 204, 354, 357,
451, 453, 458, 475-477, 486, 508,
513 : Miss, 409, 512 : Myles, 305,
336, 507, 508, 510, 512 : Ralph,
554, 614 : Rebecca, 451, 500, 505,
508, 512 : Reginald, 17, 19, 205 :
Richard, 336, 342, 452, 457-459,*
476, 510, 512, 513 : Robert, 303,
392, 450,* 473, 474, 485* : Samuel,
12 : Sarah, 510 : Thomas, 309,
311, 346, 393, 450, 452,* 453,* 454,
459, 476, 478, 481, 501, 512 :
William, 114, 554.
Harrop, James, 429.
Hartbarrow, 156, 157, 442, 443, 450,
504, 561.
Hartborough, see Hartbarrow.
Harte, William, 162.
Harterton, 587.
Hartforth, 578, 607.
Hartley, John, 162.
Hartley Castle, 84.
Harvard University, 141, 545.
Harvey, R. E., 415. See also Harvie.
Harvie, John, 594, 599 : Jonathan,
132, 240, 599.
Harwood, 561.
Haslerigge, see Heselrige.
Haslewood, Hannah, 614.
Hastings, 431.
Hatfield, 604.
Hatfield, Anthony, 601 : John, 601.
Hatherlow, 549, 596, 597.
Hats worn during sermon, 272.
Hawd, Miles, 54.
Hawkes arms, 418 : Ann, 402 : Clara,
427.
Hawkes. Edward, M.A., 1833-1866
(Chap. XXXI. ), 402-427, 315, 376,
428, 489, 493, 494,* 501, 502, 526,
529 : Henr}' Warburton, 423, 427,
429 : Hester E., 427 : James, 402,
494* : Jane, 403, 417, 426, 494,*
526 : John Edward, 407, 423, 427,
494 : Louisa, 427, 494 : William,
402.
Hawkins, Daniel, 195, 602 : Isaac,
602.
Hay, see Hey.
Haydock, William, 538.
Haydon Bridge Grammar School, 293.
Haydon Chapel register, 294.
Hayes, Thomas, 589.
Hayton, Agnes, 449 : Thomas, 449,
500, 501.
Haywood, Nicholas, see Heywood,
Nathaniel.
Healey, 535.
Heap, 395, 398.
Heap, William, 550.
Heape, 598.
Heapey, 61.
Heapy, Elizabeth, 539: John, 538, 539.
Hearth tax, 121.
Heath, near Halifax, 509.
Heath, Doctor, 43, 102.
Heath Charnock, 569.
Heatherington, Lewis, 75.
Heaton, 566.
Heaward, Thomas, 553.
Hebden Bridge, 606.
Heckmondwike, 444.
Hedley Hope, 117, 190, 198.
Heginbotham (H.), Stockport, 545,
591, 616.
Heginbothom, Martha, 565 : Wil-
liam, 565.
Heidelberg Catechism, 618.
Helme, Agnes, 207 : Catherine, 207 :
Elizabeth, 207 : Jane, 453 : John,
442, 453, 623.
INDEX.
653
Helsington, 309, 311, 514.
Henderson, Andrew, 353, 357, 461,
463, 484, 485,* 495,* 505 : Ann,
461, 485, 495* : George, 462 :
John, 462 : Margaret, 463, 485,
495* : Thomas, 480.
Henley, 62.
Hennessey (G)., Novum Repertorium,
50.
Henry VHL, i.
Henrv, Matthew, 165, 240, 554, 556,
557, 581, 587, 599-602, 607 :
Philip, 163, 606.
Henshaw, George, 548 : Hugh, 548.
Herbert, Mary, 501.
Hereford, 497, 631.
Heresies, damnable, 270.
Heresy, Ordinance of Parliament,
266 : Suspicions, 278.
Herford, W. H., 428.
Herle, Charles, M.A., 7, 56, 537, 582.
Heron, Samuel, B.D,, 37.
Herries, John, 304.
Herris, Mr., 31.
Hertford, Earl of, 49.
Heselrige, Sir Arthur, 19, 20, 30, 116,
117. See also Heylerigge.
Hesketh (Hesket, Heskith), Hannah,
588 : Robert, 588, 606.
Hesketh Lane, 598.
Heslopp (Heslop), John, M.D., 591 :
Mary, 591 : Robert, 591.
Hetherington, Ambrose, 37.
Heversham, rr, 12, 14, 82, 99, i55.
223, 438, 489,* 513, 525-527, 607.
Hewitson, William, 305, 392, 395,
401.
Hewley, Sir John, r48.
■ Lady, Charity, 114, 194, 259,
261, 321, 410, 574.
Hexham, 115, 309, 312, 328, 330, 625,
628, 629 : Grammar School, 293.
Hey, John, r45, 146, 148, 192, 200 :
Thomas, 145.
Heves, Isabel, 589 : Thomas, 589.
Heylerigge (Heselrige?), Thomas, 20.
Hey wood family, ir3 : Benjamin,
546 : Sir Benjamin, 546 : Eliezer,
r24, 128, 129, 141, 149. 157, 539,
616 : James, M.P., 415, 4i7, 546 :
John, 126, I4r, 145, I48-I5r, 157,
200, 539 : John, of Blackley, 240,
609 : John Pemberton, 415, 417,
546 : Joseph, 583 : Martha, 583 :
Nathaniel, senior, 546, 628 : Na-
thaniel, junior, 128, r45, 157, 176,
546, 580 : Oliver, 14, 83, no, 114,
123-126, 128, 146, 147, 149-151,
153-157, 164, 168, 169, 173-175,
180, 181, 184-186, i89-r9i, 196,
199, 200, 218, 223, 248, 532, 536,
539, 540, 546, 550, 553, 558, 561,
563, 576, »)87, 589, 594, 605, 609,
610.
Hey wood (Oliver), Diaries, Ed. by J.
H. Turner, 105, no, 115, 123-128,
142, 143, 146-149, 151, 191, 193^
199, 200, 219, 224, 250, 537, 539,
540, 544, 547-549, 55i; 553, 555.
558, 559, 564, 577, 583, 605, 609 :
Works 187, 191.
Hey worth, Thomas, 553.
Hickman, Henry, 123, 539, 540.
Hide, Ellen, 544.
Higgin, John, 392 : Mary, 392 :
William, 392 : W. H , 392.
Higginbottom, see Heginbothom.
Higgins, Eleanor, 454 : Ellen, 449 :
John, 449, 455 : Joseph, 454,*
455 : Mary, 454.
Higginson, Edward, 402 : Francis,
84, 85.
High Cragg, 414.
High Leigh, 598.
" High Priest " of Kendal, 370.
Highfields Park, 194.
Highgate (Kendal), 459*-46i*, 462,
463*-468,* 470,* 476, 478, 480,
481,* 482, 483,* 484,* 489-491,*
492,* 319, 526.
Highwaymen, 93.
Higson (J.), Gorton historical recorder,
104.
Hilbeck Hall, 84.
Hill.— , 193 : Andrew, 555, 589:
Betty, 395 : Charles, 395 : Eliza-
beth, 193 : Ralph, 589 : Thomas,
550.
Hills, Elizabeth, 316.
Hinde (Hind), Agnes, 155 : Alice,
155 : George, 403, 524 : John, 99,
155, 234, 444 : Joseph, 155.
Hindley, 160, 348, 398, 551, 564, 583,
590, 593, 594, 608, 618.
Hindley, John, 551 ; Robert, 551 :
Thomas, 551.
Hinke'shaw, 167.
Hipperholme, 553, 561.
Hipshow, 450,* 458, 459, 476.*
Historical Illustrations, 410.
Historical Manuscripts Commission,
Reports, 52, 105, no, 219, 268.
History of Northumberland, 573, 628,
629.
Hoadly, Benjamin, Bishop, 602.
Hobson (Jobson?), Paul, 20.
Hodgson, Agnes, 206 : Catherine,
485, 520 : Christopher, 206 : Eliza-
beth, 500 : Jonathan, 485, 520 :
Margaret, 207 : Martin, 432 : Mat-
thew, 207 : Thomas, 206 : Tim-
othy, 147, 148,
Hodgson (J.), History of Northum-
berland, 569.
Hoggs, 294.
Hoghton, Anne, 566 : Sir Charles,
566 : Lady Sarah, 571, 58S.
Hoghton Tower, 366, 371, 379, Cii.
^54
INDEX.
Holcombe, 576, 622, 623.
Holden, see Howden.
Holdswortb, John, 536 : Mary, 536.
Holland, 226, 541.
Holland, , 70 : Adam, 552 :
Benjamin, 623, 624 : Sir Henry,
624 : John, 173, 466, 574, 617, 624 :
Joseph, 623 : Katharine, 617 :
Mary, 547 : Peter, 466 : Philip,
622.
Hollinworth, Richard, 56.
Holme, Deborah, 450 : Dorothy, 455,
482 : Edward, 305, 3T2, 336, 351,
418, 419, 449, 454*-457,* 462, 469,
480, 483, 501, 510, 516, 521 :
Edward, M.D., 353, 406, 418, 419,
462, 516, 521 : Elizabeth, 207, 462,
478, 480, 482,* .sio, 516 : Hugh,
508 : James, see Hulme, James :
Jane, 454 : John, 455, 456, 463,
478* : Lydia, 455 : Margaret, 449,
503 : Mary, 461, 487, 516, 521 :
Miss, 354 : Rebecca, 454, 455 :
Richard, 449, 454,* 455,* 456, 481,
487, 501, 502, 516, 521 : Thomas,
346, 347, 351, 357, 418, 449,* 450,
461, 462,* 463, 478,* 482, 485,
510, 516 : William, 454.
Holmes, T., 415.
Holmes Hall, 562.
Holsworth, see Holdsworth.
Holt, George, 531 : Henry, 238 :
Richard, 582 : Robert Durning,
429- 432. 531-
Holyrood Palace, 557.
Hoole, 68, 540.
Hope, 589.
Hope, Michael, 260.
Hopkins, William, 31.
Hopps, John Page, 428.
Hopton, 611.
Hopton Hall, 143.
Horbury, 199, 200.
Hornby, 103.
Home, John, 550 : William, 550.
Hornsea, 596.
Horrobin, John, 132, 599 : Robert,
599'
Horsfield, Thomas W., 378.
Horsforth, 591.
Horsley, 504.
Horsley, Jonathan, F.R.S., 327.
Horton, near Bradford, 173, 553, 558,
562, 585.
Horton in Craven, 444, 588.
Horwich, 525, 554, 555, 569, 594, 623.
Hospital, 483.
Houghton, Elizabeth, 333 : John,
248, 332, 333 : Mary, 248, 332,
333 : Pendlebury, 332.
Houghton (Pendlebury), Sermons,
332.
Houghton-in-Craven, 555.
Houghton-le-Spring, 115, 546.
Hougill Castle, 85.
Hourdley, Mr., see Hoadley, Benja-
min.
Housley, Henry, 20.
Housman, Agnes, 392 : Alice, 392 :
John, 392 : Mary, 392 : Robert,
367, 368, 392 : William, 392.
Housman (R. F.), Life of R. Housman,
368.
Hove Edge, 553.
Howard, Charles, 30 : Edward, Lord,
20 ; John, 629.
Howden, 560.
Howgill, Francis, 34.
Howley Hall, 574.
Howorth, Franklin, 405.
Hoxton, 539.
Hubbersty, Miles, 207.
Hucklow, 571, 581.
Huddlesceugh, 260, 340, 504.
Huddlestone, Andrew, 253.
Hudson, Agnes, 475,* 493,* 494 :
Anthony, 409, 475,* 493,* 494:
Elizabeth, 475 : Jane, 493 : John,
475 : Margaret, 493 : Mary Ann,
494-
Huggon, Peter, 17.
Hughill, 63.
Hughes, Obadiah, 582, 624.
Hugill, 205, 297.
Hull, 58, 61, 191, 192, 551, 564, 572,
601, 614, 617, 619.
Hulme, James (Chap. XIX.), 223-
226, 222 : James, of Chelmorton,
224.
Hulton, Edward, 570 : Henry, 570 :
Mary, 570.
Human creeds as tests of orthodoxv,
278, 281.
Hunslet, 247.
Hunt, Frances, 557 : Isabella, 475 :
John, 569 : Mary, 451 : Robert,
405 : Rowland, 556, 557 : Thomas,
451 : William, 409, 475,* 569.
Hunter, Benjamin, 453 : Catherine,
458 : Elizabeth, 522 : Joseph, 185,
231, 305, 332, 342, 554, 583, 612,
633 : Margaret, 453 : Thomas,
458 : WiUiam, 451,* 453.*
Hunter (Joseph), Familicc minorum
gentium, 113, 544, 549, 564, 578,
587, 630 : Hallamshire, 563 : Life
of Oliver Heywood, 144, 156, 165,
172-174, 191, 536, 540, 542, 543,
553, 555, 561, 562, 570, 571, 574,
576, 592 : South Yorkshire. 571.
Huntley, Thomas, 31.
Hurler, Isabel, 207.
Hurlett Copperas Works, 329, 627.
Hutchinson, Humphrey, 577 : Wil-
liam, 552, 562.
Hutchinson (W.), Cumberland, 316 :
Durham-, 55, 117.
Huthwaite, James, 586.
INDEX.
655
Hutter, Robert, 20.
Hutton, 24, 28.
Hutton, Henry, 11 : Matthew, 567 :
Mrs., 500 : Robert, 20 : Thomas,
567 : Sir Thomas, 567, 568.
Huyton, 78, 555.
Hyde Chapel, Gee Cross, 332, 333.
Ibbetson family, 247 : Hannah, 401 :
Mr., 242 : Rachel, 541.
" Ideas," 270.
Idle, 553.
Illegal associations, 360, 361.
Imputation of Christ's righteousness,
289.
In memoriam, Rev. Edward Hawkes,
402.
Ince in Makerfield, 608.
Incorporated Law Society, 522.
Independency, 2, 46 : and toleration,
15-
Independents, i, 2, 95, 171 : and the
Association, 24, 27 : as parish
ministers, 2 : Church at Cocker-
mouth founded, 106 : Conventicles,
94 : strong in Westmorland, 32, 222:
unorthodoxy amongst, 263, 266.
See also Congregationalists.
Indulgence, Declaration, see Declara-
tion of Indulgence.
Infidelity, 243, 244.
Informers, go.
Ingham, Robert, 538 : Thomas, 538.
Inghamite Chapel, 395.
Ingleborough, 167.
Ingleton, 150.
Inglis (John), Reminiscences of the
U. P. Church of Kendal, 343, 345.
Inoculation, 477.
Inquirer, 194, 520, 545, 563, 576,
584, 589, 598.
Inscriptions, Monumental, 310, 363,
393, 423, 426, 495-498, 510, 514,
519-522, 524.
Ipswich, 570.
Ireland, 602.
Ireland, Anthony, 294 : James, 294.
Ireton, Henry, 14.
Irlam, Sarah, 566 : Thomas, 566.
Irvine, Thomas, 357.
Irvine (W. F.), Family of Holland of
Mobberley, 624.
Irving, Jane, 480 : John, 351, 480 :
Thomas, 485.
Isell, 593,
Issot, Edward, 145, 199 : Mary, 200 :
Mr., 199 : William, 200,
Issot, John (Chap. XVII.), 199-200,
14X, 148, 153, 157, 199, 536, 539,
555 : Ordination, 142-146.
Izott, see Issot.
Jack, David, 467* : Jane, 467* :
John Christian, 467.
Jacks, Anne, 192 : Matthew, 192 :
Richard, 192.*
Jackson, Agnes, 489, 490* : Chris-
topher, 84 : David, 520 : Eleanor,
520 : Hines, 490 : John, 24, 442,
470, 483,* 484,* 490 : Mary, 470,
479, 483, 484 : Miss, 526 : Mr.,
605 : Mrs., 147 : Rachel, 489 :
Richard, 64, 489, 490*: Jackson,
Thomas, 146, 611.
Jackson (R.), Barnsley, 570.
Jacques, Jo., 103.
James I., 78.
James II., 220-222 ; Association for
preventing his accession, 213 : in
Edinburgh, 557.
James (T. S.), Presbyterian Chapels
and Charities, 185, 194, 259, 296,
315, 321, 428, 441, 444, 617.
Japan, 427.
Jardine, Elizabeth, 465 : Jane, 464 :
John, 464, 465.
Jedburgh, 515.
Jeffries, Edward, 357.
Jenison, Barbara, 117 : Robert, D.D.,
117.
Jenkinson, Isabella, 414.
Jennings, Ann, 490 : Betsy, 490 :
Elizabeth, 491, 492 : George, 491 :
Hannah, 491 : James, 490-492* :
Martha, 491 : Thomas, 78, 231,
309, 417, 418, 421, 475, 510, 521,
522, 524, 529 : William, 395, 486,
488, 491.
Jeremy (W. D.), Presbyterian Fund,
i6i,'556, 564, 606, 635.
Jesuits as Anabaptists, 70.
Jevons, Thomas, 415 : Timothy,
415-
Jobson, Paul, see Hobson, Paul.
Johnson, Agnes, 467, 468, 470, 483 :
Betty, 491 : Charles, 467,* 468,
470, 483 : Hannah, 467 : Henry,
12 : Jane, 470 : Mary, 468, 483 :
Mr., 31 : William, 467, 491.*
Johnstone, Elizabeth, 481 : Mr.,
338, 339-
JoUie, see Jolly.
Jolly, , 624 : Barbara, 493,*
494 ; Dorcas, 493 : Edward, 132,
596 : Eliza, 493 : Jane, 494 : John
548, 571, 596, 624, 625 : Mary Ann,
493 : Nathan, 596 : Sarah, 493 :
Thomas, of Altham, 60, no, in,
125, 127, 143, 144, 147-149, 151,
160, 164, 165, 171, 174-176, 200,
219, 220, 223-225, 230, 232-234,
236, 535, 537, 548, 571, 624 :
declines call to Kendal, 222 :
Thomas, of Cockermouth, 338-340 :
Timothv, 38, 125, 128, 148, 149,
158, 535, 537, 549, 564, 577, 599,
624, 625 : William, 403, 404, 409,
493,* 494, 527-
656
INDEX.
Jolly (Thomas), Note Book, 58, 60, no,
III, 125, 127, 148, 151, 160, 164,
165, 172, 174, ig6, 200, 219, 220-
222, 225, 226, 230, 232, 233, 236,
536, 538, 552, 571, 579, 587, 588,
596, 599, 606, 635.
Jones, B. H., 415 : B. L., 416 :
Edmund, 565 : Gamaliel, 240, 549,
550, 596 : John, 549, 596 : Joshua,
550 : Thomas, 429.
Jopson, Stephen, 17.
Josselin (R.), Diary, 266.
Judgements, 254.
Judges for relief of creditors, 14.
Jury, honest and understanding, 208.
Justices lukewarm, 209.
Kaber Rigg Plot, 82, 86.
Kay, Alfred, 492 : Betty, 395 :
Charles HiU, 401, 491 : Elizabeth,
401, 490 : Frederick, 492 : Han-
nah, 401, 489*-492* : James, 395,
489.
Kay, James, and the Unitarian Bap-
tists (Chap. XXX.), 395-401, 489*-
492,* 525 : James I., 401 : John
Ibbetson, 490 : Mary, 491 : Rich-
ard, 305 : Robert, 306, 490 :
Samuel, 398, 399, 489. See also
Cay, Key.
Kellet, 84, 104, 105, no, in, 515.
Kenaston, see Kinaston.
Kendal Chapel, Market Place, Chapel
(First) built, 231 : repairs, 257 :
Chapel (Present) built, 298 : orig-
inal subscribers, 299, 499-501, 503-
505 : repairs, 412, 417, 443 :
Accompts, 499-503 : Annual meet-
ing, 355 : Burials and burial-
ground, 317, 358, 370, 371, 381,
420, 421, 446, 452, 487 : register,
475-488 : Clerk of Meeting, 356,
487, 488, 502, 506 : Collections and
contributions, 371, 447 : for min-
ister, clerk and poor, 356 : Com-
munion plate purchased, 341 :
Congregation, number of in 171 7,
296 : in 1773, 348 : Fellowship
Fund, 379 : Gifts and legacies, 298-
303, 308, 346, 418, 419, 505 : En-
dowments wanted by Presbyterians
407-411 : Library, 378, 529 : Mar-
ket Place property ruinous, 371 :
rebuilt, 372 : Marriages registered
for, 405 : Memorial window, 434 :
Minister elected by subscribers,
305, 356 : Monumental inscrip-
tions, 310, 363, 393, 426, 495-498,
513, 514, 519-522, 524 : Mortgages
303, 345, 371-373, 413 : Organ,
417, 434, 528: Parsonage
House, 345, 346, 349, 350, 370 :
Pulpit, 500, 502 : cushion, 354, 503:
Registers, 240, 446-494 : Regula-
tions, 354-357, 371 : Sacrament,
341, 441 : Seats for strangers, 500:
Secession, alleged orthodox, 342 :
Subscribers, 355, 356 : Sunday
School, 352, 383, 384, 412, 430,
431, 436, 515 : trustees, 356,
507-531 : Trusts, 298, 299, 305,
336, 350, 351, 372, 373, 377, 402,
429, 432 : Wardens, 502 : duties,
355, 356 : hst, 505.
Kendal, Church rebuilt, 420 : Church-
wardens' replies at Visitation, 297 :
commercial decay, 304 : common
land alienation, 425 : conversa-
tions, 376 : Indictment and Order
Book, 77, 95, 98, 165, 204, 234, 440,
444, men of information, 375 :
parish, size of, 58, 59 : parliament-
ary representation, 214, 215, 405 :
petition to Parliament, 1642, 4, 5 :
remoteness from London, 10, 69,
214.
For other Kendal items. Buildings,
Events, Institutions, Streets, etc.,
see under their headings in alpha-
betical order.
Kendal Trades and Occupations :
Baker, 460, 481 : Barber, 458, 476,
481 : Blacksmith, 459 : Brazier,
479, 481 : Brewer, 471 : Brewery,
467, 468, 470, 484 : Cabinet-maker,
464, 470 : Cardmaker, 458, 482,
484 : Carrier, 14 : Comber, jour-
neyman, 476 : Cooper, 467, 468,
470, 484 : Cordwainer, 466, 469 :
Corporal, 469, 484 : Dragoon, 451*:
Drysalter, 463 : Dyer, 463*-468,*
480, 484 : Farmer, 458,* 459,
476* : Gardener, 458,* 459*, 466,*
467,* 468*-47o,* 471, 478, 482,
483,* 484 : Grocer, 457,* 458,*
459, 460,* 461,* 463,* 464,*
478, 483 : Hookmaker, 466, 467 :
Hosier, 463, 464,* 465, 477, 481,
482 : Innkeeper, 458*-46o* : Lab-
orer, 479 : Linendraper, 463, 464,*
465,* 470, 481, 483,* '484, 496* :
M.D., 457 : Mantua maker, 469,
483* : Mariner, 464 : Mason, 458,
464 : Mercer, 456, 461, 462,* 463,
477, 478, 482, 483 : Merchant, 458,
465,* 466,* 468 : Militia, 465, 466 :
Pedlar, 458,* 459 : Reedmaker,
458 : Ropemaker, 466, 483 : Sad-
dler, 485 : Scotchman, 452 : Ser-
jeant, 462, 465 ■ Shearman, 458,
459*-462,* 463, 464, 475, 477 :
Shoemaker, 458, 460,* 465, 466,*
467, 481, 485 : Soldier, 458, 459,
461, 462, 471,* 475, 476, 480, 482,
483 : Solicitor, 469 : Stocking-
weaver, 458, 482 : Surgeon, 462*-
464,* 465, 480,* 485 : Tailor, 458,
460, 463,* 464,* 465, 472, 473, 480,*
INDEX.
657
481 : Tanner, 455, 458,* 459.* 467-
470,* 471, 476,* 481, 484* : Tobac-
conist, 466,* 467,* 468, 479, 481 :
Waller, 466,* 467, 469 : Watch-
maker, 460, 462 : Weaver, 458,*
459,* 460, 46i*-465,* 466, 467,*
468,* 470, 471, ,176, 477,* 480, 481,
482*-484,* 488 : Woolcomber, 450,
464, 468, 470, 483,* 484.
Kendal and County News, 535.
Kendal Chronicle, 382, 388, 397.
Kendal Free Press, 14, 78.
Kendal Mercury, 32, 393, 420, 421,
423, 443, 521, 530.
Kendrick. see Kenrick.
Kennedy, David, 471 : Mary, 471 :
William, 471.
Kennion (Kenion), Edward, F.S.A.,
382 : FlizaV)eth, 582 : James, 582 :
John, 582, 625 : John, M.D., 625.
Kenrick, Edward, 578, 590 : John,
590 : Samuel, 590.
Kent, River, used for baptisms, 397.
Kent Lane, 463, 480.
Kent Mere, 205, 297.
Kentside, 483.*
Kenvon, see Kennion.
Kenyan MSS. (Hist. MSS. Com.),
535, 561, 566.
Kerbv, see Kirby.
Kerr, John, M.D., Curriculum at his
academy, 133.
Kershaw, see Kirshaw.
Keswick, 276, 338, 504, 628, 633.
Kettle, Mary, 316 : William, 316.
Key, Richard, 602 : Thomas, 602.
See also Cay, Kay.
Kibworth, 610.
Kilcam, 609.
Kildwick, 150.
Killington, 12.
Killingworth, 570.
Killingworth, Luke, 20.
Kilmarnock, Lord, 307.
Kilner, William, 77.
Kilpatrick, John, 444.
Kinaston, Thomas, 558.
King, Henry, 449,* 452,* 502 : James
452*: John, 608 : Lord Chancellor
608 : Margaret, 452 : Mrs., 500.
King's Arms, 480.
Kingsley, 580.
Kingswood, 620.
Kipping, 129, 542.
Kirby, Godsgift, 141, i45, 148, 540 :
Joshua, 540.
Kirk, John, 564 : Rachel, 564.
Kirk session, 10.
Kirkbie Kendale Bake of Recorde, 71,
78.
Kirkby, Elizabeth, 511 : George, 487.
Kirkby Lonsdale, 11, 12, 31, 40, 52,
84, 150, 316, 376, 527, 540.
Kirkby Malham, 153, iQO-
Kirkby Stephen, 84, 85.
Kirkby Thore, 12.
Kirke, Henry, 600.
Kirkham, 68, 105, 554.
Kirkheaton, 539, 540.
Kirkland, 95, 204, 459*-464,* 465,
466,* 467,* 468, 471, 475, 476, 478,*
479, 48o*-482,* 489, 490*-493,*
505-
Kirkland, near Preston, 345.
Kirkland, near Wigton, 348.
Kirkley, 20, 584.
Kirklinton, 210, 512.
Kirkoswald, 108, 580, 625.
Kirkpatrick, John, 444.
Kirshaw, Anne, 555 : Nicholas, 171,
192, 555, 589-
Knaresborough, 589, 392.
Kneeling at public prayers discon-
tinued, 272.
Knight, Henry, 442.
Knights' Stainforth, 114.
Knipe, Anthony, i7-r9, 44 : William,
14-
Knowsley, 596, 626.
Knutsford, 231, 548, 552, 556, 558,
563, 570, 575, 580, 600, 624.
Lacy, Thomas, 31.
Lake District, 424.
Lamb, Fergus, 432.
Lambert, Alexander, 462 : Frances,
153 : Isabella, 462 : John, Major-
General, 19, T17, 153, igo : Josias,
629 : Mrs., 146, 148, 153, 193.
Lambeth House, 166.
Lambeth MSS., 23, 48, 49, 58, 63, 64,
68, 115, 117.
Lambrigg, 205.
Lamplugh, 28, 63.
Lamplugh, Thomas, 20 : Thomas,
Archbishop, 164, i6g.
Lamport, William, 388, 528.
Lancashire ministers and Frankland,
174 : Papists and malignants, 6.
Lancashire and Cheshire Church Sur-
veys, 66, 67, 104.
Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian
Society, Transactions, 555, 565.
Lancashire and Cheshire Historical
Society, Transactions, 189, 196, 594.
Lancashire Levite rebuk'd, 177, 178.
Lancaster, 50, 102, 103, 127, 304, 306,
313, 328, 339, 340, 364, 366, 367,
388, 392, 393, 430, 465,* 468-471,
504, 507, 520, 521, 525, 528, 552,
598, 620, 629, 633.
Lanchester, 115-117.
Lane, Samuel, 31.
Lane Foot, 420.
Langho, 561.
Langhorne (Langhorn), Christopher,
84 : Thomas, 20, 31.
Langley, Francis, 570 : Robert, 570.
2 U
658
INDEX.
Laugstaff, Robert, 544 : William,
544-
Lareton, see Lawtoii.
Larkham, Deliverance, 542, 543 :
George, 31, 83, 107-109, in, 542,
585 : Thomas, 107, 542.
Lassells Hall 540.
Latham, Ebeuezer, of Findern, 320,
532, 533, 607, 608, 616 : Henry,
546.
Latitudinarianism, 276.
Latrobe, J. A., 376, 419, 420.
Laud, William, Archbishop, 3.
Laughton, 601.
Launceston, 543.
Laurence, Henr\', 14.
Lavenahm, 587.
Law, see Lowe.
Lawson, George, 499 : Sir Wilfrid,
593-
Lawton, James, 240, 609 : Joseph,
261, 582, 609.
Layfield, Anne, 207.
Lazonby (Lazenby), , 625 : Mrs.,
Joseph, 628.
Lea, Thomas, 548.
Leach, see Leech.
Leake, Mr., Royalist Vicar, 41 : John,
41 : Richard, 41.
" Learned Academick," 176-179.
Leather Lane Chapel, 563.
Leatherland, see Letherland.
Leaver, see Lever.
Lecturers at the parish church, 47,
51, 52, 58.
Ledgard, Thomas, 20, 31, 561.
Lee, see Gateacre.
Lee, Little, 594.
Lee, Ann Elizabeth, 394 : George,
388, 392-394, 409, 414, 418, 423,
488,* 522, 530 : George Whitaker,
394 : Jane Agnes, 394 : John, 393 :
Joseph, 431 : Rawdon B. 394,
429, 432, 522, 530.
Leece (Leese), Elizabeth, 303 : Rich-
ard, 301, 303 : William, 96.
Leech, Cumberbach, 581, 582 : Ellen,
581 : Dr. Ernest B,, 548, 582 :
Hannah, 547, 559 : Jeremiah, 581 :
John, 162, 581 : Joseph, 547, 559,
596 : Mary, 547 : Samuel, 547,
548, 559-
Leechman, W., 332.
Leeds, 240-242, 247, 300, 332, 406,
415, 417, 504, 517, 535, 541, 543,
558, 581, 585, 592, 594, 611, 612,
632 : Philosophical Society, 519.
Leeds parish register, 240.
Leek, 619, 622, 626.
Legacies, see Kendal Chapel.
Legal Toleration, 1689 (Chap. XX.),
227-230.
Leegate, 508.
Legard, see Ledgard.
Leicester, 540, 607.
Leigh, 161.
Leighton, H. B., 118.
Leith, 489.
Le Neve (J.), Fasti Ecclesice Angli-
cance, 41, 50.
Lenthall, William, 11, 42.
Lepthorn, Mr., 31.
Lessingham, Richard, 605.
Letherland, John, 574, 591 : Joseph,
M.D., 574 ; Stephen, 574 : Thomas
591-
Levens, 14, 85, 202.
Levens, Mary, 509.
Lever, Henry, 561 : John, 583 :
Martha, 583 : Robert, 116, 573,
577 : Sampson, 573.
Lewdness, Society against, 233.
Lewis (W.), History of Congregational
Church, Cockermouth, 31, 107-iog,
III, 290, 440, 543, 604.
Lewisburg, 399.
Lewthwaite, Elizabeth, 462, 478 :
Joseph, 462, 478 : Josiah, 462.
Leyburne, Anne, 206 : Frances, 206 :
George, 206.
Leyden University, 418, 547, 548,
550, 552, 557, 574, 584, 585, 591,
592, 618, 621, 625, 628.
Leyland, 61, 561.
Liberal Temperance Hotel, 404.
Liberal Temperance Society, 404.
Liberty, Christian, 279, 287 : Civil
and Religious, 329, 361, 406 :
Faithful friend to, 314.
Libertv of Conscience, 46, 91, 214 ;
True Liberty of Conscience, 212.
Libraries, Advantages of, 139.
Library at Chapel, 378, 529 : Public,
78: Dr. Rotheram's, 328.
Licences in Westmorland, 99.
Lickbarrow, Hannah, 484 : Isabel,
519 : James, 484, 485 : Thomas, 17.
Lichfield, 632.
Liddell, Barbara, 117 : George, 123,
534, 579 '■ Mrs., 195 : Sir Thomas,,
117, 534, 560 : Thomas, 117.
Light within, 54.
Lightbody, , 627.
Lightcliffe, 553.
Lilburne, Robert, 20, 31.
Lincoln, 551, 597.
Lincoln's Inn Admissions, 510 :
Black-books, 510.
Lindale, 592.
Lindsay, John, 464, 479 : Joseph,
464, 479-
Line, Mrs., 414.
Lipsalve, Mrs. Tonstall's, 186.
Liptrott, James, 557.
List of subscribers and seatholders,
172: Chapel wardens, 1789-1815,
and Clerks (Chap. XXXVI.), 499"
506.
INDEX.
659
Lister, Accepted, 173, 542 : Chris-
topher, 31 : David, 129, 544, 548 :
John, 148, 200, 502, 548 : John,
M.A., J. P., 200 ; Joseph, 129, 542.
Lister (Joseph), Autobiography, 129,
542.
Little, Mr., 400.
Little Harle, 569.
Little Hulton, 632.
Little Ireton, 603.
Little Leghs, 579.
Little Lever, 224.
Little Woodhouse, 241,
Liturgy, Harrison's, 368 : Octagon,
622, 631.
Liverpool, 240, 286, 288, 322, 324,
328, 336, 363, 365, 415-417, 427,
429, 508, 524, 530, 531, 582, 585,
594, 600, 609, 622, 625, 627.
Llanegryn, 578, 590.
Llanidloes, 529.
Lloyd, Charles, 375.
Local Chronology, 71, 222, 308, 380,
397, 517, 524-
Local Gleanings, 589, 593.
Local Repository, 170.
Lochrin, 194.
Locke, John, 306.
Lockhart, George, 483, 496.
Lottie (A. G.), Great Salkeld, 112,
292.
Logic " Tables," 131.
Lomax (Lommax), Henry, 566 :
Nathaniel, 566 : Thomas, 566.
London, 628 : Cheapside, 477 : Com-
missioners of Lieutenancy, 216 :
Fire, 91 : Miles Lane Chapel, 624.
London and North Western Railway,
425-
London Gazette, 211, 212, 214, 216,
217, 220, 221, 236, 237, 405, 421, 612.
London (William), 46, 52.
Long, George, M.D., 587 : Nathaniel,
587.
Long Buckby, 605.
Long Houghton, 617.
Long Howton, 31.
Long Warton, 12.
Longcliffe, 192.
Longdon, 632.
Longsleddale, 205, 297.
Lord's Prayer disused, 271.
Lord's Supper, 168.
Lord's Journals, 6, 8, 9, 14, 16, 18,
19, 43, 102, 266, 380, 387.
Lorimer, William, 190.
Lothbury, 62.
Lough, Richard, 381, 486, 487, 517,
519- ■
Loughborough, 402, 590.
Lounde, Margaret, 206 : William,
206.
Loup, George, 79.
Low Row, 574, 579, 386, 614.
Lowe (Low),
-, 625 : Daniel,
625 : George, 581, 595 : Katharine,
570 : Mary, =)7o : Samuel, 569,
581.
Lower Place, 551.
Lowestoft, 570, 613.
Lowman, Agnes, 479 : Dorothy, 357 :
Mrs., 354, 485.
Lowther, Sir John, 202, 203.
Lowther New Town, 293.
Lowthion (Lowthian), Margaret, 625 :
Robert, 293 : Samuel, 315, 338-
340, 625 : Timothy, 625.
Lucceck, L D., 415.
Lune Villa, 521.
Lunn, J. C, 431 : John, 428.
Lupton, Darnton, 415 : E. Basil, 240,
612 : F., 415 : J., 415.
Luptons of Leeds, 417.
Lutherans, rigid, 283.
Lutwidge, Thomas, 504.
Lydgate, 545, 614.
Lye, Thomas, 62, 234.
Lyle, Archibald, 457,* 476, 502 :
Charles, 457 : James Dearg, 457 :
Mary, 476.
Lymm', 556, 598.
Lynn, 530.
Lyth, 155-
M.R., see Monthly Repository.
Macclesfield, 431, 443, 547, 552, 559,
593, 598, 631.
McCulley, Elizabeth, 471 : John,
471.*
Macdonald, Christian, 460 : James,
432-437 : John, 460.*
McDowell, John, 247.
Macey, see Masy.
Macheaver, John, 462 : Martha, 462.
Mackay, Jean, 461 : William, 461.
Mackereth, George, 17.
Maclvrel, Margery, 469 : Thomas,
469.*
Mackreth, Isabel, 206 : Jane, 206 :
William, 499.
Maclear, John, 478* : Sarah, 478.
Maclintoch (Maclintach, Mclintoch),
Agnes, 462 : Elizabeth, 457, 482 :
Hannah, 460 : Jane, 458 : John,
457,* 458, 459, 46o*-462, 478,*
482 : Margaret, 459, 460 : Robert,
461, 478 : William, 457.
McMaster, Alexander, 465 : Jolm,
465-
MacMath, William, 499.
McMillan (Mackmillane), James, 338,
339 : John, 24.
McQuhae (Macquay), James, 342,
344-
Macy, see Masy.
Mad'ock (Maddocks, Maddox), -,
626 : Daniel, 332, 606-608, 626 :
Joshua, 606.
66o
INDEX.
Maghull, 580, 581.
Magill, John, 455 : Samuel, 455.
Magrath (J. P.), Flemings in Oxford,
64.
Maidstone, 633.
Major, David, 458 : James, 458.
Malignaiits, see Royalists.
Mallinson, Henry, 591 : John, 591.
Mallison, James, 295.
Manchester, 65, 113, 114, 142, 174,
190, 198, 231, 258, 295, 328, 406,
414, 415, 418, 598, 603, 630.
Manchester Academy, College, and
New College, 239, 250, 353, 376,
379, 393, 417, 418, 429, 517-519,
526, 528, 537, 626, 632 : Collections
for, 371, 378.
Manchester Classis, 223, 232 : Con-
versations, 376 : Cross Street Chap-
el, 419, 543, 550, 559 : Grammar
School, 60, 65 : Lectures by Roth-
eram, 306, 307 : Literary and
Philosophical Society, 419, 632.
Manchester Sessions MS., 65.
Manchester Socinian Controversy, 262.
Manchester, Earl of, 120.
Manlove, Timothy, 158, 573, 612.
Mann, Miles, 18.
Manning, John, 626.
Manning (J. E.), History of Upper
Chapel, Sheffield, 58, 197, 264, 538,
577, 621, 625.
Mansfield, 539, 551, 561, 572, 600, 616.
Mansfield College, 198.
Marcus, Dr., 428.
Market Harborough, 610.
Market Place, 462, 463,* 464,* 468-
471, 480, 482*-484.
Market Street, 460, 461, 464.
Markett, Dorothy, 336, 364 : John,
336, 478.
Markham, Archbishop, 375.
Marlborough, Duke of, 584.
Marple, 549.
Marriage Law, petition, 380.
Marriages, Chapel registered for, 405.
Marsden, Agnes, 596 : Elizabeth,
595 : Jeremiah, 58-63, 80 : John,
595, 596 • Ralph, 59 : Richard,
595, 596 : Robert, 140, 603 :
Samuel, 60.
Marsden, (Robert), Funeral sermon for
Crompton, 140, 271.
Marshall, Ann, 402 : Joel, 402 :
Richard, 46 : William, 402.
Marthwait, Parson, 118.
Martin, Henry, 409, 493* : Henry
Kirby, 493 : Mr., 260 : Susan,
493* : William, 493.*
Martindale (Adam), Life, 59.
Martineau, James, 426.
Marton, 200.
Marton Scar, 576.
ary L, i.
Maryport, 350.
Mason, Agnes, 523 : George, 353,
523-
Massey, Richard, 46. See also Masy.
Masterman & Co., 414.
Mastew, Dorothy, 207 : James or
Jacob, 207.
Masy, Henry, 12, 18, 38-46, 52.
Mathematical apparatus at Academy,
320, 326-328.
Mathematics, 322, 323.
Mather, Benjamin, 626 : Margaret,
626 ; Misses, 415 : Nathanael, 236 :
Tatlock, 626.
Matter, Lectures, 307.
Matthews, Emanuel, 242, 276.
Mattinson family, 591.
Mattison, Henry, 591 : Richard, 351.
Maude, Edwin, 353 : Frederic, 353 :
Thomas Holme, 376 : Warren,
353 : WiOiam, 353.
Mauritius, 317.
Mawson, Agnes, 357 : Eleanor, 451,
471 : George, 449 : John, 449* :
Margaret, 449, 464 : Mary, 475 :
Miss, 354 : Mrs., 485 : Samuel,
449 : Sarah, 464, 480 : Thomas,
463, 481 : William, 20, 351, 372,
449, 450,* 451, 463, 464,* 465,*
471, 480-482, 506.
Mayor, John E. B., loi : Admissions
to St. John's College, Cambridge,
561, 585.
Meanley, Richard, 626.
Mechanics' Institute, 425, 431, 433.
Mediate call to ministry, 53.
Meeke, Robert, 545 : William, 545.
Meeke (Robert), Diary, 547.
Meekness and love, 277.
Melancthon's disciples mild and
gentle, 281.
Melbourn, Joseph, 455 : Lucy, 455.
See also Milburn.
Melling, 103, 105, 149.
Melling, Halsall, 591.
Memory, extraordinary, 553.
Meopham, 336, 478.
Mercers' Lane, 464.
Meser, see Moser.
Merthyr, Glam., 620.
Metcalf, David, 415.
Methodists, 616, 621.
Mewson, Jane, 206 : Peter, 206.
Miall (J. G.), Congregationalism in
Yorkshire, 331, 445, 538, 550, 554,
580, 586, 589, 616.
Middleton, Derbyshire, 571, 600.
Middleton, Lancashire, 544.
Middleton in Winwick, 582.
Middleton, Adam, 452 : Agnes, 461,
467 : Sir Arthur, 154, 582 : Elijah,
460 : Hannah, 467 : Jacob, 460,
461 ; John, 20, 31 : Sir John, 153,
581 : Thomas, 20 : William, 452.
INDEX.
66 1
Middletou (T.), Hyde Chapel, 333.
Middleton Hall, 85: '
Middleton Head, 149.
Middletons of Middleton Hall, 85.
Middle wich, 552.
Milburn, Elizabeth, 456 : Joseph,
456 : See also Melbourn.
Miles, Hugh, 455 : John, 455. See
also Mills.
Militia, 14.
Millbridge, 525.
Miller (Millar), Andrew, 469 : Jane,
469 : Janet, 467 : John, 467 :
Thomas, 467, 469.
Milligan, (Millighan) George, 465,
483 : James, 464, 479 : Martha,
469, 483* : Mary, 466, 481 : Sarah,
464 : Thomas, 469 : William, 464,*
465,* 466, 469, 479, 481, 483.*
Mills, Herbert Vincent, 437 : John,
452 : Robert, 452. See also
Miles.
Milne (Miln), James, 241 : Lydia,
590 : Mr., of Carlisle, 348 : Mr.,
of Heversham, 155 : Richard, 590,
591-
Milner, Ralph, 289, 631 : Thomas,
155-
Milner's Catechism purchased, 341.
Milnes family, 113 : R. S., 618.
Milnrow, 224, 225, 590.
Milnthorpe, 232, 337, 443, 465 : Coal
trade, 304 : Lecture, 230.
Milton, Pa., 399,
Ministers, Approbation, 21 : Godly,
for Cumberland, 16 : Maintenance,
21 : Meeting, 314 : Methods of
electing, 355 : Refugee at Lancas-
ter, 102 : scandalous, 21, 30.
Minutes of the Westminster Assembly,
16, 38, 50.
Miracles, 382, 396, 426.
Mires, John, 456 : Mary, 456. See
also Myers.
Mitchell (Mitchel), Henry, 552 :
Isabel, 477 : James, 173, 480, 570,
576 : Janet, 459 : John, 204, 459,*
461-463, 477,* 479, 480 : Margaret,
95 : Marian, 204 : Mary, 576 :
Rachel, 459, 477 : Richard, 144-
146, 148, 576 : Thomas, 77, 95,
461 : William, 463.
Mixenden, 615.
Mobberley, 574, 598, 617, 618, 624.
Moderation and charity, 276-286.
Mohun, see Moone.
Moises, Hugh, M.A., 326.
Moncreiff, James, 331.
Monk, George, Duke of Albemarle.
95-
Monthly Messenger of the Presbyterian
Church of England, 119.
Monthly Repository, 288, 306, 309,
316, 326, 329, 330, 332, 334, 350,
364, 366, 367, 373, 376, 378, 379,
396, 519. 533, 546, 560, 613, 615,.
620, 622, 625, 626, 630, 633.
Monton, 554.
Montrose, 350, 465.
Monumental Inscriptions (Chap.
XXXV.), 495-498.
Moone, William, 12.
Moore (Moor), Agnes, 448, 509 r
Dorothy, 448 : Ellen, 448 : Esther,
509 : James, 448 : Jane, 448 :
John, 299-302, 305, 448, 499, 500,
509 : Joseph, 450 : Lydia, 450,
503 : Margaret, 448, 503 : Sarah,
448 : Simon, 448, 509 : Thomas,
448,* 450,* 509.
Moorhouse, H. J., 545 : Mary, 293.
Morality Society, Kendal, 233.
Moreton Hampstead, 617.
Morland, 12.
Morland, Charles, 353 ; Jacob, 302.
Morley, 536, 542, 549, 553, 587.
Morpeth, 534, 579.
Morris, Peter, 456 : Thomas, 456,*
477-
Mort, Adam, 560 : Nathan, 162.
Morton, 589.
Morton, Charles, 140 : John, 456 :
Mary, 456.
Mortonbanks, 606.
Moseley, Robert, 232.
Moser, Peter, 74, 75, 205.
Moss, Robert, 607.
Moss Side in Crosthwaite, 165, 232.
Motherby, 604.
Mottershead, Joseph, 630.
Mottram, Mrs., 580.
Moult, William, 504.
Muckeltt, William, 206.
Municipal Corporations Act, 387.
Munimenta Alme Universitatis Glas-
guensis, 65, 66, 573, 578, 604.
Munk (W.), Roll of the Royal College
of Physicians, 547, 574, 575, 612.
Murgatroyd, Thomas, 79, 216.
Murray, Daniel, 482 : Lord, 307.
Murrey, Robert, 132, 601.
Murthwaite, George, 454 : Richard,
454-
Museum, 424.
Musgrave, 12.
Musgrave, Ann, 467-471, 484 : Sir
Christopher, 94 : David, 468 :
Jane, 470 : John, 467-471,* 484 :
Joseph, 467, Sir Philip, 40, 72-74,
90, 92, 94, 96, 124, 208, 209 :
William, 469, 484.
Musgraves of Hartley Castle, 84.
Mutford, 613.
Myers, Allan, 468,* 470, 483* : Ann,
468, 470, 483 : Ellen, 466 : John,
466 : Mary, 466 : Sarah, 470. See
also Mires.
Myriell, John, 63.
662
INDEX.
Naddle, 85.
Nairne, Lord, 307.
Nantwich, 332, 432, 626.
Narborough, 560.
National Church, 2,
Natland, 209, 300, 308, 505, 507, 510,
511 : Call to Fraiikland, 122, 203 :
Chapel ruinous, 296.
Natland Academy, 122-153, 154, 194,
199, 539-560,
Natland Beck, 459, 476, 480, 507, 510,
Natland Mill, 458, 477.
Natland Millbeck, 305.
Naylor (Nayler), Anne, 562 : James,
53, 162, 561, 562 : Peter, 362 :
Samuel, 432.
Nealson, John, 206.
Nelson, , 626 : Agnes, 452 :
Anne, 457 : Dorothy, 453, 459 :
Edward, 30 : Elizabeth, 453 :
Horatio, Lord, 629 : John, 294,
457 : Mr., 208 : Richard, 525 :
Sarah, 206, 293 : Stephen, 452,*
453.* 500. 502 : Thomas, 293,
351, 452, 457,* 458,* 459, 502 :
Timothy, 288, 293, 377, 627 :
William, 458.
Nesbatt, see Nisbett.
Nesbitt, John, 278, 541. See also
Nisbett'.
Neston, 60.
Netherkellet, see Kellet.
Nether Staveley, 206.
Neverly, 372.
Nevison, Margaret, 475. See also
Nivyson.
Nevisons of Newby, 85.
New Berlin, 399.
New Brunswick, North Carolina, 596.
New Bucknam, 605.
New Chapel, Pembrokeshire, 609.
" New scheme," 278, 285.
New Street, Kendal, 395, 489, 513.
" New views," 345.
Newbiggin, 12, 451.
Newbiggin, Kendal, 521.
Newbury, 615.
Newby, 85.
Newby, Jane, 204.
Newcastle, Earl of, 41.
Newcastle-under-Lyme, 587.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 6, 20, 31, 42,
46, 51, 53- 55, 117, 328, 338-340,
357, 418, 511, 535, 546, 552, 557,
561, 562, 570, 572, 573, 584, 612,
625, 629, 632-634.
Newcastle Chronicle, 317, 352, 498,
521.
Newcastle Journal, 327, 347.
Newcastle : Records of Merchants
Adventurers, 535.
Newchurch - in - Rossendale registers.
577-
Newcome, Henry, 162, 559, 575.
Newcome (Henry), Autobiography, 55,
68, 231, 569, 570, 575 : Diary, 576.
Newcome (Thos.), Life of Sharp, 167.
Newgate, 62, 63.
Newington Green, 541,
Newman (John), Funeral sermon on
Tong, 556.
Newnam, 605.
Newport, 609.
Newport Pagnel, 569.
Newton, Cheshire, 59.
Newton (Newton Heath), Manchester,
547, 559, 569, 596, 617.
Newton in Bowland, 571.
Newton, Sir Isaac, 606 : Samuel, 224.
Nichol, Hannah, 464 : John, 464.
Nicholas, Emperor, 421.
Nicholls, John, 588 ; Samuel, 588.
Nicholls (W.), Ravenstonedale, 295.
Nicholson, Mrs. Albert, of Dublin,
318 : Arabella, 628 : Dorothy, 204,
627 : Edward, 455 : Elizabeth,
207, 453, 627 : Edward, 455 :
Elizabeth, 207, 453, 627 : Francis,
F.Z.S., 4, 7, 86, 294, 521, 562, 601,
628, 631, 634 : Isabel, 207, 453 :
James, 318, 323, 324, 329, 627,
628, 631 : Jeremiah, 455 : John,
324, 625, 627 : Margaret, 455 :
Mar^', 449 : Matthew, 322,
508, 537, 582, 627, 628 : Robert,
204, 449,* 453,* 455, 501 : Robert
(Rotheram's pupil), 329, 337, 601,
618, 627, 628: Mrs. Robert, 417:
Samuel, M.D., 308, 322-324, 625,
628 : Walter, 207.
Nicholson (Cornelius), Annals of
Kendal, 36, 78, 523, 529.
Nicholsons of Manchester, 546.
Nickol, Lydia, 592. See also Nichol.
Nickols, see Nicholls.
Nicolson and Burn, History of Cum-
berland and Westmorland, 36, 108,
348.
Niewentyt (Dr.), Religious philoso-
pher, 241.
Nightingale, Jonathan, 616.
Nightingale (Dr. Benjamin), Ejected of
1662,8, 15, 31, 36, 38-41, 44-46, 49,
61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 81-83, 106, 108,
109, III, 155, 572, 580, 604 : Lan-
cashire Nonconformity. 239, 241,
330, 343, 397, 417, 438, 439, 446,
551, 553, 559, 561, 564, 569, 577,
578, 584, 593, 598, 604, 607, 608,
610, 611, 614, 618, 620, 621, 623,
626, 630, 632.
Nisbett, John, 541.
Nivyson, James, 452 : Thomas, 452:
see also Nevison.
Noble, Daniel, 628 : Dorothy, 452 :
Elkanah, 452 : Enos, 451 : Isaac,
587 : James, 229 : John, 256 :
Joseph, 586 : Margaret, 625 : Mr.,
INDEX.
663
542 : Mrs., 502 : Richard, 451,
452.*
Nonconformists active, 93 : Returns
of, 208.
Nonconformity, beginnings, i.
None, re^., %ee Nonconformist register.
Nonconformist register, compiled by
Heywood and Dickenson. Ed. by
J. H. Turner, 14, 105, 114, 115, 159,
193, 194, 209, 218, 223, 226, 238,
241, 246-248, 333, 536, 537, 543-
545, 548, 550, 551, 553, 555, 557,
558, 560-562, 564, 565, 572-574,
576-578, 580, 585, 587, 589, 591,
592, 594, 595, 598, 606, 607, 609,
610, 612, 617, 620.
Non-subscribers, 263, 274, 286.
Noon, J., 312.
Norbury, 596.
Normanton-on-the-Soar, 603.
North AUerton, 61.
North Meols, 580.
North Shields, see Tynemouth.
Northampton, 52, 569, 630 : Acad-
emy, 330, 630.
Northenden, 566.
Northern Counties Act for propagat-
ing Gospel, 19-22 : Ordinance for
ministers, 8 : Papists and Malig-
nants, 6.
Northowram, 157, 174, 189, 248, 539,
553, 576.
Northumberland, 145 : Papists and
Malignants, 6.
Northumberland, Pa., 398, 399, 401.
Norton, 549, 559, 581, 587, 594, 625.
Norwich, 38, 248, 332, 333, 504, 548,
605, 618, 621, 626.
Notes and Queries, 66.
Nottingham, 503, 539, 547, 550, 551,
597, 624, 631.
Novels at the Academy, 133, 195.
Nowell, Alexander, M.P., 517.
Nubikin in Russendale, 451.
Nun Monkton, 199.
Nuneaton, 557, 567.
Nunwick Hall, 292.
Nutter, Mrs., 354.
Nye, John, 68.
Oath, Graduate's, not to lecture, 140,
166.
Obelisk erected, 354.
Octagon Liturgy, 622, 631.
Oddfellows' Hall, 404, 431, 433-
Odenhall, see Edenhall.
Odgers, James Edwin, 258, 429.
Offley, Stephen, 581.
Ogden, Jane, 192 : Peter, 155 : Sam-
uel, 571 : Sarah, 165. See also
Ogton.
Ogilvy, Lord, 307.
Ogle, Sir Chaloner, 584 : Cuthbert,
584, 585 : Edward, 585 : Henry,
20, 30, 585 : John, 20, 573 : Na-
thaniel, 584 : Newton, 584 : Ralph,
584.
Ogton, Sarah, 475. See also Ogden.
Old Hutton, 13, 83, 84, 206, 298.
Oldfield, Joshua, 187, 273.
Oldham, 432, 600, 609, 623.
O'Neill, Barney, 466 : Robert, 466.
Openshaw, Ann, 529 : Dorothy, 526 :
James, 133, 594: John, 329:
Oliver Ormrod, 526.
Opie, Mrs., 6r4.
Orange pudding, Mrs. Liddell's, 195.
Orcherton, Alexander, 474 : Isabel,
474-*
Ordination, Differences as to, 171 :
essential, 45 : Independent, 107 ;
no means of, 15, 23 : of criminals,
179 : private offered to Frankland,
118 : refused to heretic, 289.
Ordinations, 81, 109, no, 142-152,
157, 173, 174, 189, 229, 240, 296,
338-340 : Congregationalist objec-
tions, 149.
Ormerod (George), History of Cheshire
557, 590 : Parentalia, 606.
Ormeschurch, see Ormskirk.
Ormiston, James, 357, 481 : Jane,
481.
Ormond, Henry, 535.
Ormondy, William, 156.
Ormorett, Henry, 535.
Ormside, 12, 85.
Ormskirk, 328, 546, 580, 583, 588,
596, 618, 624, 630.
Orrery, 306, 327, 328.
Orrest Head, 429, 531.
Orthodox, all sects so in own opinion,
283.
Orthodoxy of Kendal Chapel, 262-
291.
Orthodoxy, Tests, 262.
Orton, 84, 490, 491.
Orton, Mr., 578.
Osberton, 573.
Oswesiry, 133, 137, 269, 544, 589,
602, 605.
Otways, 85.
Outwood, 630, 631.
Ovenden, 558.
Over Staveley, 206.
Over Tabley, 575.
Ovingham, 31, 560.
Owen, Edward, 366 : Hugh, 578 :
James, 137, 269 : John, 29, 190,
193, 578, 581, 590, 624 : Robert,
586.
Owen (Charles), Validity of the Dis-
senting ministry, 137.
Owen (James), Tutamen evangelicum,
137-
Owens, John, 417.
Owens College, Foundation, 417.
Oxenholme, 117, 150, 151, 219.
664
INDEX.
Oxford, 62.
Oxford Act, 89, 153.
Oxford University and Colleges, 64,
65, 557, 586, 602, 607.
Oxton, 318.
Pack Horse Inn, 78.
Padua University, 557.
Paine (T.), Rights of man burned, 361.
Paisley, 627.
Palatine Note Book, 66, 599.
Palgrave, 620, 633.
Palmer (A. N.), Older Nonconformity
in Wrexham, 526, 587, 590, 606.
Palmer (Samuel), Defence of the. Dis-
senters' education, 133 : Vindication
of the Dissenters, 139, 180.
Palmer (Samuel), Nonconformist's
Mem,orial, 84.
Pant Iron Works, 526.
Panton, 597.
Papists, see Catholics.
Parish worship idolatrical, 62.
Park, Mary, 618.
Park Lane Chapel, 584.
Parker, Catherine, 465 : Robert, 465.
Parkinson, Martha, 472 : Thomas,
472.*
Parliamentary Commissioners,
Church Livings, 23.
Parliamentary Reform, 362.
Parochial system, 12.
Parr, Henry, 162 : John, 162, 176 :
Mr., 224.
Parsons, James, 454 : Timothy, 454*:
William, 454.
Pasture House, 192.
Pateley Bridge, 611.
Pathways, 425.
Paton (Patten, Patton), Isabella, 486:
Jane, 467,* 482 : Jane Cloudsdale,
488 : Mary, 483 : William, 357,
378, 403, 467, 469, 482, 483, 488, 524.
Patrick, James, 346, 353, 357, 374,
461, 477, 481, 496,* 502 : John,
496 : Margaret, 461, 477, 496 :
Mary, 496 : Mrs., 502.
Patrons, Praise of, 45.
Patten, Patton, see Paton.
Patton, 298, 302, 476, 511.
Paul, 619.
Pauley, Edmund, 207.
Peach, John, 568.
Peacock, Reginald, 116.
Peake, Dorothy, 537.
Pearson, Agnes, 95 : Ann, 526 : John
95, 403, 409, 414, 528 : Margaret,
458 : Mary, 528 : Mr., 404 : Wil-
liam, 357, 409, 414, 417, 458, 526.
Pearson (William), Papers, 374.
Peel, Sir Robert, 411.
Peile (Peele), Benjamin, 628 : Elean-
or, 454: John, 115, 534-536, 540,
559, 561 : Jonathan, 454, 51T.
Peile (John), Biographical Register of
Christ's College, Cambridge, 59, 60.
Peirce, James, 273.
Pelagius, 270.
Pemberton, John, 113 : Penelope,
113-
Pembroke, Countess of, 84.
Penance in Kendal Church, 77.
Pendle Hill, 167.
Pendlebury, 402.
Pendlebury, Ann, 238, 247, 248 :
Deborah, 248 : Henry, 162, 164,
175, 238, 247, 544, 559 : James,
238, 239 : Mary, 247, 248, 332 :
Sarah, 238, 544 : Thomas, 247.
Pendlebury, William (Chap. XXII. ),
238-248, 250, 332, 504, 603 : Wil-
liam, M.A., 239, 248.
Pendleton, 402.
Pendragon, 84.
Penington (Pennington), Agnes, 471,
472 : Henry, 472 : Isaac, 383 :
James, 257, 471 : Margaret, 471 :
Mary, 443 : William, 381, 482,
496, 524-
Penman, James, 456 : William, 456.
Penn, William, 267, 383.
Pennington, Lancashire, 161, 594.
Pennsborough, 399.
Penny, William, 507.
Penny Bridge, 304.
Penrith, 24, 28, 31, 92, 260, 306, 307,
328, 340, 504, 526, 593, 625.
Penrith Observer, 31.
Penruddock, 143, 250, 256, 260, 276,
339, 442, 457, 504, 620, 623, 625.
Pentridge, 572, 598.
Pen-y-ghent, 167.
Pepper, John, 207 : Mary, 207
Percival, Thomas, M.D., 418, 601,
632.
Perfect Pharisee, 13, 14, 48, 52, 53,
55, 82, 219.
Perkins, William, 607.
Persecution and Indulgence, 1662-
1672, (Chap, v.), 86-100.
Persecution, renewed (Chap. XVIII.),
201-222.
Persecution, 3, 18, 153, 277.
Persecutors, 209.
Pershore, 590.
Personal teaching, 55.
Peterloo meeting, 517.
Peters, Mary, 594 : Peter, 193, 594 :
Ralph, 594 : William, 594.
Petrie, Ellen, 471 : Jane, 468, 483 :
John, 483: Margaret, 467, 471, 482:
Marv, 467-469,* 470,* 471,* 482,
483,'* 486 : Robert, 467-470,* 471,*
482, 483,* 486, 487 : Sarah, 470.
Petty, William, 360.
Pew doors, carved, 231, 443.
Pewley, Elizabeth, 207 : John, 207.
Pews given to congregation, 520.
INDEX.
665.
Philadelphia, 399, 400.
Philips, Mark, M.P., 411, 41G.
Philipson (Phillipson), Alan, 204 :
Sir Christopher, 216 : Huddleston,
17, 19 : John, 95.
Philipsons of Ambleside, St.
Piccope MSS. (Chetham's^ Library,
Manchester), 605.
Piccope (G. J.), Lancashire and
Cheshire Wills, 65.
Pickering, Anne, 206 : John, 206.
Pickford ( ), Congleton Unit-
arian Chapel, 567.
Piggot, John, 565.
Piggott, John, Baptist, 565.
Pilkington, 591, 630.
Pilkington, James, 633.
Pinners' Hall Fund, 279.
Pitts, Thomas, 293.
Pittsburgh, 401.
Plague in Kendal, 43 : in London,
Franklyn's work, 119.
Piatt, 247, 232, 548, 588, 614, 626.
Piatt, Catherine, 206 : Elizabeth,
206 : Marian, 206.
Plumbland, 107.
Plumpton, 114, 338.
Plumpton Street, 377.
Pluralism, 21, 119 : Nonconformist,
234, 235.
Pocock, John, 59.
Poetry at the Academy, 133.
Poland, 265.
Polwheil (Polwheele), Theophilus, 31.
Pont, Dr., 625.
Pontefract, 536, 539, 612, 617.
Poolbank, 450, 453-455,* 512, 513.
Poole (Pull), Agnes, 492 : Ellen,
490-492,* 493* : Henry, 493 :
John, 409, 414, 449,* 450, 490-
492,* 493* : Joseph, 449 : Joshua,
455 : Margaret, 491 : Mary, 490 :
Thomas, 404, 405, 450, 492, 493 :
William, 449, 455, 493.
Poor House, 477, 479.
" Pop " Webster, 527.
Popery, 265 : Order for suppression,
202 : Protestant, 278. See also
Catholics.
Poppleton, 567.
Porter, Robert, 572.
Portland, Duke of, 596.
Portsmouth, 416, 432.
Postlethwait, Henry, 205.
Potter, James, 357 : Richard, 77 :
Wilham, 80.
Poulson (G.), Holderness, 596.
Poulton-le-Fylde, 576.
Powbank, see Poolbank.
Powder, Countess of Kent's, 186.
Poynting, T. E., 428.
Prayer, sitting at, 272.
Prayer-Book, Common, abolished, 7 :
desired by the people, 45.
Prayers, impromptu, 272.
Preachers needed in northern coun-
ties, 9.
Preaching, moral, 370 : Stage-play,.
54-
Predestination, 135, 275.
Presbyterian Church, Kendal, 342-
345, 408, 409.
Presbyterian Fund, establishment
of, 230, 635.
Grants proposed transfer to-
Hewley Charity, 259, 260.
-Grants to Frankland's stu-
dents, 160, 161. See also Chap.
XXXVIH.
-Grants to Kendal ministers-
and congregation, 235 : increased,
239 : continued, 257, 258, 261, 295,
296 : reduced, 303 : extraordinary,
336 : • discontinued, 337.
-Grants to other congrega-
tions, see the names of the congre-
gations.
-Grants to Rotheram and his
Academy, 303, 319-321.
-Grants to Rotheram's stu-
dents, 328, 334. See also Chap.
XXXIX.
-recognizes Dr. Rotheram's-
Academy, 319-321.
Presbyterian Fund Manuscript, 231,.
439-
Presbyterian Fund Minutes, in, 115,,
161, 165, 230, 235, 236, 240, 258,,
259, 261, 295, 296, 303, 319-321,,
334, 336, 337, 440-443, 534, 543,
553, 562, 564, 570, 577-579, 581,
583, 585, 587-589, 593-600, 602-
605, 607-611, 613, 615-617, 6ig-
626, 628-633.
Presbyterianism, i : and the Scots, 6 r
established, 9 : failure of, 15 :
abandoned, 29, 228.
Presbyterians, Scotch, attempt to
obtain the Chapel, 407-411.
Presbyterians, Eighteenth Century,
not orthodox, 263.
" Presbyterians " in the Trust deeds,
299.
Presbytery at Kendal, 289. See also'
Classis.
Prescot, 561.
Prestbury, 545, 57i-
Prestolee, 583.
Preston, 55, 57, 67, 68, 71, 76, 114,
249, 258, 328, 368, 430, 493,* 527,
528, 554, 569, 605, 617.
Preston Guardian Sketches in local
history, 56, 538, 551, 569.
Preston Guild Roll, 249, 538.
Preston Temperance Advocate, 404,.
405, 527-
Preston, Anthony, 22 : Sir Jacob,.
570.
666
INDEX.
Preston Patrick, 32.
Prestwich, 559, 569, 570, 575, 598.
Prestwich parish register, 554.
Pretender, Young, in Kendal, 307,
510.
Price, Richard, 194.
Prideaux, Richard, 31, 52.
Priestley, Jonathan, 150, 558 : Jos-
eph, 316, 335, 350, 362, 399, 631,
_ 632, 634 : Nathaniel, 150, 173, 558,
588.
Priestley (Joseph), Memoirs, 335.
Prime, Edward, 158.
Primitive Church, i.
Prison reforms, 629.
Prissoe, Richard, 11, 18, 42.
Prize-head-end, 309.
Procter (Proctor), Anthony, 535 :
John, 535 : Thomas, 535.
Propagating Gospel in Northern
Counties, Act, 19-22.
Protestant Dissenters' Chapel, 411,
418.
Provincial meeting, 304, 338-340 :
not connected with the Association,
29.
Pruthero, Rice, 240.
Pryzetend, 311.
Public Record Office, 114.
Puddimore Milton, 49.
Pudsey, 543.
Pugh, Elizabeth, 401 : Isaac, 401.
Pull, see Poole.
Punshon, Timothy, 173, 570.
Pupils, maintenance, 160.
Puritan party, 3.
<3uaker eccentricities, 54.
Quakerism, introduction of, 33.
Quakers, 13, 14, 32, 48, 52, 53, 70,
74, 75, 83, 85, 86, 88-91, 93, 94,
97, 98, 104, 178, 204, 208, 209, 218,
250-256, 275, 296-298, 381 : Cum-
berland Association's opinion, 27 :
identity alleged with Catholics, 69,
253 : imprisoned, 13, 32, 206 : In
Kendal, 32-35 : influence on non-
conformity, 80 : not tolerated, 30 :
reasons for persecution, 218 : Un-
orthodoxy, 35, 267, 382, 383 : use
same meeting house as Presby-
terians, 231.
Kadcliffe, Ellen, 491, 492 : John,
492 : Joseph, 491* : Rachel, 478,
492.
Radcliffe Bridge, 573.
Raine, James, 209 : Depositions from
York Caslle, 61, 209.
Raines (F.R.), 551 : Derby Household
Books, 113.
Raines MSS. (Chetham's Library,
Manchester), 57, 224, 225, 238,
."-37. 590.
Rainford, 564, 580, 610, 626.
Rainhill, 589.
Rakestraw ( Raixtrow, Rextrow ),
Elizabeth, 474,* 493, 494 : Henry,
474 : John, 409, 474,"* 493, 494* :
Margaret, 474 : Mary Ann, 474,
493 : Robert, 474.
Ralhead, see Halhead.
Ralphford Hall, 346, 348, 481, 513.
Ralphson, 62.
Rampside, 304.
Ramsay, Mrs., 487.
Ramsey, 522.
Ramsgate, 564.
Ramus, Petrus, 132.
Ranters, 70.
Rastrick, 616.
Rathband, Deborah, 559 : Nathaniel,
559-
Rathmell, 114, 115, 119, 150, 180, 181,
190-195, 233, 534, 562, 571, 574,
576, 578, 585, 594, 595, 600 : Over-
seers, 192 : Sermons, 192, 235.
Rathmell Academy (ist period), 122-
123: (2nd period), 158-174 : student
life, 132-133 : students, 534-539,
576-612 : licensed in 1672, 122 :
registered in 1689, 159.
Rathmell Ings, 167.
Rational Christianity, 385 : way of
preaching, 268.
Rationalism, 243.
Rauthwel, see Rothwell.
Ravenglass, 414.
Ravenstonedale, 84, 85, 261, 276,
288, 289, 295, 297, 330, 331, 443,
445, 451,* 452, 454, 464, 504, 524,
570, 576, 577, 595, 615, 623, 625.
Ravenstonedale registers, 535, 577.
Ravensworth, 117, 534.
Rawdon, James 415.
Rawdon Hall, 577.
Rawes, Septimus, 414.
Rawlandson, Mr., 504.
Rawlins, Hester E., 427 : Washing-
ton C, 427.
Rawlinson, William, 150, 558.
Rawson, Eleanor, 460 : Isabella, 460:
John, 459 : Joseph, 461 : William,
459, 460,* 461, 462.*
Ray (James), Hi'ttory of the Rebellion,
307-
Ray, John, 543 : Susanna, 544.
Rebellion, 1715, 569, 584.
Rebellion, 1745, 307, 320.
Recent History, (Chap. XXXII.)
428-437.
Recipe book, Margaret Frankland's,
186.
Recusants, Justices to enforce law,
210, 212 : lists, 203 : retxurns, 208.
See also Catholics.
Reddid, John, 554.
Reddish, George, 554 : John, 554.
INDEX.
667
Reddy, Elizabeth, 333.
Rees (Thos.), Protestant nonconformity
in Wales, 579, 596, 609.
Reeves, John, 362.
Reform Bill, 517.
Reformation, i.
Regiments, 8th, 461 : nth Light
Horse, 484 : 20th, 462 : 44th, 465,
469.
Registers of Baptisms and Burials of
the Market Place Chapel and of
Births of the Unitarian Baptist
Congregation (Chap. XXXIV.),
446-494.
Religion, Innovations, 4.
Relph, Agnes, 470 : Anne, 526, 527 :
Cuthbert, 527 : David, 470 :
G. R. Greenhow, 414, 429, 527. See
also Greenhow : George, 526 :
Joseph, 526 : Mary, 522 : Miss,
414 : Mrs., 485 : Samuel, 470 :
Thomas, 351, 353, 357, 37i, 372,
378, 402, 485, 505, 506, 522.
Renvvick, 580.
Republicanism, 368.
Reresby (Sir John), Memoirs, 201,
220, 221.
Responses discontinued, 271, 272.
Restoration sermons, 56, 69.
Resurrection of Christ, 386, 396.
Resurrection of the dead, 386.
Reunion of congregations, 430.
Reveal'd religion cast off, 270.
Revolution of 1688, 354.
Rextrow, see Rakestraw.
Reyner, Edward, 551.
Reynolds, Thomas, 260, 299, 503.
Rhydlogyn, 609.
Ribble, 607.
Richardson, Caleb, 294,: Christopher,
123, 131, 141, 145, 540 : Ellen, 192 :
Hannah, 490-492*' : John, 41=1, 416,
49o*-492* : Joseph, 491 : Mr.,
430 : Rachel, 492 : W. Ridley,
M.A., 131, 540.
Richie, see Ritchie.
Richmond (Yorks.), 607 : Arch-
deaconry records, 77, 257, 297,
298, 592.
Ridgewell, 581.
Ridley, Richard, 74.
Ridyard (Mrs.), Selections from papers
of W. Shepherd, 626.
Rigb}^, Dr., 260, 504.
Rigg (Rigge), Ann, 472,* 473* :
Margaret, 473 : Mary, 472 : Mary
Ann, 473 : Nancy, 472 : Richard,
472 : Robert, 472,* 473,* 486, 502 :
Thomas, 472.
Ringhay, see Ringway.
Ringley, 554.
Ringway, 231, 232, 240, 568, 573,
617.
Riots, weavers, 352.
Ripon, 143, 611.
Rishton, 550.
Risley, 623.
Risley, Thomas, 240, 592.
Ritchie, James, 288, 289, 331,
457-
Rivington, 249, 442, 569, 595, 614,
622.
Robberds, Charles W., 428 : John,
416, 428.
Roberts, Katharine, 629 : Nicholas,
629 : Sir Thomas, 541 : Timothy,
84.
Roberts (H. D.), Hope Street Church,
Liverpool, 601, 609 : Matthew
Henry and his Chapel, 556, 599,
601, 602.
Robertson, Margaret, 595.
Robertstown, 537.
Robinson (Robison), Agnes, 476 :
Anthony, 348 : Edgar, 414, 429,
432, 529, 530 : Elizabeth, 523 :
Henry, 373, 374, 449 : Isaac, 338-
340, 629 : j. Walton, 294, 580 :
John, M.P., 347 : John, Alderman,
410, 414, 416, 417, 429-432, 434,
436, 437, 529, 530 : John, 449,
452,* 453,* 454 : Jonathan, 454 :
Joseph, 453 : Mary, 453, 505 :
Richard, 257, 499 : Ruth, 452 :
Stephen, 589 : Thomas, 309 :
William, 452.
Robson, R. S., 629.
Rochdale, 171, 223, 544, 551, 573.
578, 590, 600.
Rochester, Earl of, 218.
Rodderham, Mr., 297.
Rodick, Agnes, 470, 496 : Elizabeth,
470, 483, 496* : Jane, 483, 496 :
Margaret, 496 : Mary, 496 : Mat-
thew, 351, 353, 357, 470, 4°3,*
496* : Misses, 409, 414 : Mrs.,
485, 487: R. P., 415: Thomas,
351, 353, 3=^7, 414-416, 463, 484,
485, 497, 502
Roger*. Mr , 522.
Rogerson, J., 601.
Rokebv, Alexander, 355 : Sir Thomas
163, '555 : Thomas, 571 : WilHam,
555-
Rollinson, William, 558.
Roman Catholics, see Catholics.
Romney, Georg'^, 515-
Rookby, see Rokeby.
Root, Henry, 560 . John, 560 :
Timothy, 560.
Root and Branch Bill, 3.
Roper, Ashton, 409, 414.
Roper (W. O.), Church of Lancaster,
50 : Churches of North Lancashire,
lOI.
Roscow (Roscoe), Ebenezer, 593 :
Eliezer, 593.
Rosendale, see Ravenstonedale.
668
INDEX.
Ross, Blanche, 467, 468, 470, 471 :
James, 471 : John, 467 : Thomas,
470, 484 : WilHam, 467, 468,* 470,
471, 484-
Rossendale, see Ravenstonedale.
Rossendale, Lancashire, 577.
Rotheram, Ann, 293, 311, 317, 308 :
Barbara, 292.
Caleb, D.D. (Chap. XXV.), 292-
318.
■ Academy (Chap. XXVI.),
319-32C
-Pupils (Chap. XXXIX.),
613-634.
261, 264, 276, 286, 334, 337,
338, 342, 446, 45i*-454,* 455-457,
475, 499, 500, 508, 509, 511, 537.
Rotheram, Caleb, the younger (Chap.
XXVIII.), 334-365, 303, 311, 312,
316, 318, 321, 332, 366, 416, 466,
468-471, 478,* 484, 516, 616, 629,
635-
Rotheram, Caleb Charles, 363, 365,
471: Charles, 293: D., 354: Dorothy,
336, 347, 363, 364, 478 : Edward,
292-294 : Edward (son of Dr.
Caleb), 318, 453 : Edward, (son of
Caleb, junior), 363, 365, 470, 485 :
Edward, C.B., 629 : Elizabeth,
292-294 : Hannah, 292, 293, 317,
318, 363, 364, 373, 451, 455, 468-
471, 485, 502, 516 : Isaac, 293 :
Jane, 292 : John, 292, 293, 342 :
Rev. John, 293, 294 : John, M.D.,
307, 309, 311, 312, 317, 328, 451,
629 : John, Professor, 629 : John
(son of Caleb, junior), 363, 364,
468 : Joseph, 293 : Rev. Joseph,
294 : Katharine, 629 : Margaret,
294 : Mary, 316, 317, 452, 509 :
Richard, 292-294 : Sail, 337 :
Samuel, 293 : Sarah, 293, 311, 312,
318, 337, 4S3, 633 : Thomas, 293,
294, 317, 452 : William, 292, 294 :
Rev. William, 293, 294 : William,
Major-General, 311, 312, 318, 454 :
William, 363, 365, 410, 414-416,
469.
Rotheram Green, 292-294.
Rotherham, 248, 395, 539, 552, 616,
625.
Rothwell, Edward, 173, 194, 563,
576, 598.
Rotterdam, 625.
Roughley, Henry, 586 : Percival, 585.
Row, Thomas, 605.
Rowbotham, G. H., 51.
Rowbuck, Jonathan, 333.
Rowes, Agnes, 509 : John, 509.
Rowlandson, James, 205 : John, 13 :
Marian, 205.
Rowlinson, William, 559.
Roy, Henry, 474 : Jane, 474 : Jona-
than, 474.
" Royal Sovereign," 629.
Royalist clergy in Westmorland, ir,
12.
Royalists, 43, 45 : Association in
Northern Counties, 6 : in York, 6 :
riots in Kendal, 17: take Kendal,
40, 44-
Rudd, Henry, 414.
Rudsdell, Abraham, 630 : Jeremiah,
630.
Rumours, false, 93.
Rushmilne, see Rathmell.
Russell, Lord John, 411 : John Tait,
429-431.
Russendale. see Ravenstonedale.
Rydal, 85.
Rye House Plot, 63, 216, 219.
Ryton, 584.
Sabbatarianism, 241.
Sabellius, 184.
Sacrament, 257.
Administration resumed, 341.
money, 441.
Sager, Charles, 171, 176, 177, 561 :
Joshua, 560.
St. Andrews University, 6x1.
St. Bridget's, 593.
St. George's Hall, 437.
St. Helen's, Prescot, 561, 562, 566,
599-
St. Michael's on Wyre, 570, 603.
Salford, 545, 559, 565.
Salisbury, 49-51, 633.
Salisbury, Marquess of, 614.
Salkeld, Great, 105, 112, 260, 288,
292-294, 316, 338, 342, 377, 445,
457, 504, 613, 623, 627, 633 : Manor
Court rolls, 292-294.
Salkeld (Salkield), Isabel, 203 : Mr.,
167 : Ralph, 30.
Salop, see Shrewsbury.
Salter's Hall, 273, 274, 531, 356,
593-
Salway, Richard, 14.
Sampson, Henry, 120.
Sandal, 371.
Sandbach, 346.
Sanderson, Barbara, 193 : Charles,
532 : Elizabeth, see Frankland
(Elizabeth) : Peter, 552 : Robert,
457 : Samuel, 117 : Thomas, 198 :
William, 437.
Sandersons of Hedley Hope, 190.
Sandes, Thomas, 11, 13, 14, 18.
Sandes' Hospital, 13, 349, 481.
Sandford, Benjamin, 630.
Sandfords of Ormside and Hugill
Castles, 84, 83.
Sands, David, see Some, David.
Sandwich, 579.
Satterthwaite, W. H., 77, 297.
Saul, Martha, 475, 300.
Saunders, James, 338-340.
INDEX.
669
Savage, Amelia, 472 : Jane, 472 :
William, 472.
Savings Banks, 519.
Savoy Conference, 271.
Sawrey, Richard Gilpin, 445.
Saxmundham, 602.
Scales, Daniel, 300, 301, 303, 451,*
452, 499. 500, 508, 514, 516, 519 :
Deborah, 508 : Elizabeth, 303, 452,
514 : Isabel, 303 : Mary, 451, 516,
519 : Rowland, 303, 451.
Scalthwaiterigg, 378, 515," 523.
Scalthwaiterigg Stocks, 458.
Scar-Sykes, 464.
Scarth, Isaac, 456, 437 : Jacob, 456 :
Margaret, 457.
Scholefield, Frances, 113, 573 : Mary,
573: Radcliffe, 113, 573, 574,
Scholes, see Scoles.
Schoolmasters, Approbation of, 21 :
scandalous, ejection, 30.
Schoulcroft, James, 103.
Scisniaticos, 507.
Scobell (H.), Acts and ordinances, 7,
14, 29, 48.
Scoles, Deborah, 559 :Jeremiah, 559 :
Nathaniel, 176, 559.
Scolfield, see Scholefield.
" Scotch Matthew," 521.
Scotch Royalist Army takes Kendal,
44-
Scotforth, 592.
Scotland, 600 : Unitarianism in, 350.
Scots and Presbyterianism, 6.
Scotswoman, Poor, 463.
Scott (Scot), Agnes, 449 : Ann, 491 :
Ellen, 473 : George, 473 : Jacob,
491 : James, 444 : John, 503 :
Robert, 449 : Thomas, 473 : Wil-
liam, 491.
Scott (Hew), Fasti Ecclesics Scoti-
cancB, 229, 295.
Scout Scar, 370, 487.
Scriptural terms of subscription, 282.
Seal, Mary, 591.
Seceders, Scotch, 342, 343, 408.
Seceders' Meeting House, 408, 409.
Sectaries, 265 : in Yorkshire, 32.
Sedbergh, loi, 149, 418, 595, 596.
Sedbergh School Register, loi.
Seddon, Elizabeth, 627 : James, 583,
630 : John, 583 : John, of Cross
Street Chapel, 621, 630 : John, of
Warrington, 622, 627, 630 : Peter,
of Cockey, 260, 630 : Peter, of
Hereford, 631 : Capt. Peter, 583 :
Robert, 162.
Seddon's House, 630.
Sedgefield, 116.
Sedgfield (John), Jehovah Tsidkenu,
289.
Sedgwick, Edward, 555 : Thomas,
308, 309 : William, 20.
Sedition, 360-362.
Selby, 542, 583, 631.
Selby, Sir William, 20.
Sella, 117, 154, 167, 593.
Selside, 207, 298, 364.
Selston, 551.
Sepulchre, Fellside, 477, 512.
Sergeant (Serjeant), Thomas, 575.
Sermons founded by Frankland, 192,
235 : Wharton's, 234.
Servant, 483.
Servetus, 185, 265.
Settle, 115, 150, 182.
Seventh Day Baptists, 62 S.
Sererali proceedings in Parliament, 20.
Seward, Agnes, 206 : Rowland, 206 :
Nicholas, 206.
Shafto, William, 20.
Shafton Saint Rumbold, 39.
Shankell-cum-Lurgan, 614.
Shannon, John, 428.
Shap, 84, 85, 253, 306.
Sharp, Abraham, F.R.S., 585 : John,
M.D., 585 : John, Archbishop of
York, 163, 164, 166 : conference
with Frankland, 167-169 : Robert,
31 : Thomas, M.A., 558, 585.
Shaw, Anne, 461, 521 : Anthony, 204:
David, 462, 484 . Edward', 189,
594 : Elizabeth, 204. 430 : Ellen,
466, 481 : Gabriel, 301 : Henry,
301 : James, 346, 431, 464, 478,
497 : Jane, 464, 481 : Joseph,
46i*-464,* 466, 481, 482 : Josiah,
345, 346, 349. 450,* 451,* 452, 477,
497, 499. 501 : Josias, 259, 451 :
Mary, 203, 463, 503 : Nanny, 521 :
Riciiard, 192 : Robert, 204, 452,
546 : Sarah, 466, 482 : Thomas,
577 : William, 430, 461, 589.
Shaw (W. A.), Bury Clasris, 68 :
Calendar of Treasury Books, 304 :
History of the English Church, 1640-
1663, 10, II, 13, 20, 22, 23, 26, 28,
46, 50, 52, 102 : Knights of Eng-
land, 210 : Manchester Classis, 52,
55, 174. 223, 334, 563, 366, 575,
381-386, 588, 389, 593, 596, 399:
Plundered Ministers" Accounts, 35,
61, 67, 104, 439.
Shaw (W. B.), Presbyterianism in
Wigan, 618.
Shaw's Brow, 324.
Shawfield, 600.
Sheepherd, see Shepherd.
Sheffield, 148, 137, 191-193, 263, 538,
539. 547, 563, 570. 577, 609, 620.
Sheldon, Gilbert, Archbishop, 93.
Shepherd (Shepard, Sheppard), Eliza-
beth, 430 : Hannah, 449, 303 :
Justice, 322 : Peter, 17 : Thomas,
302, 307, 308, 322, 450 : William,
13, 449,* 430,* 499, 500 : William,
LL.D., 626.
Shepherds of Natland, 123.
670
INDEX.
Shepshed, 590.
Sherborne, Robert, 542 : Shadrach,
542 : Sydrah, 542.
Sherdlev (Sherdly), Edward, 561 :
Elizabeth, 581 : Ralph, 580, 581,
610 : Richard, 561.
Sherlock, Dr. William, 184.
Sherratt, Ann, 617.
Sherry, 170.
Shew, see Shaw.
Shibden, 200.
Shireshead Chapel, 608.
Shorter Catechism, see Catechism,
Shorter,
Shrewsbury, 578, 609, 611.
Shuttleworth, Agnes, 479 : Anne,
462, 478 : George, 478 : Isabel,
464, 480 : John, 462-464, 478*-48i,
486 : Tabitha, 463, 481.
Sibree and Caston's Independency in
Warwickshire, 567, 574.
Sidebottom, John, 562, 571.
Silkstone, 564.
Sill, Jo., 103 : Sarah, 95 : William,
95, 99, 100, ISO.
Simpson (Simson), Anthony, 204 :
Elizabeth, 205, 207 : John, 463,
477 : Martin, 205 : Mary, 204, 463:
Mathias, 31 : Richard, 328, 330,
331, 445, 457* : Robert, 12, 204 :
William, r92, 207.
Sinclair, John, 461, 477, 480 : Ta-
bitha, 461, 477.
Sinkinson, Agnes, 467, 468 : Ann,
466 : Benjamin, 465 : James,
301 : Margaret, 468 : Michael,
467 : Robert, 465, 466*-468 :
Thomas, 466.
Sinningthwaite, 233.
Sintzenich, G. E., 198.
Sirr, Jane, 488.
Sitting at prayer, 272.
Sizergh, 85.
Skar in Craven, 576.
Skelsmergh, 77, 206, 300, 303, 508,
S16, 519.
Skelton, 24, 28.
Skerton, 392.
Skipton, 167-169.
Slack, 632.
Slaithwaite, 54=;.
Slate, R., 533-
Slater, Samuel, 160, 504, 578, 579.
Slave Trade, Town's meeting, 359,
360 : iniquity, 627.
Sleddall, Thomas, 11, 18.
Slee, see Sleigh.
Sleigh, Anthony, 143, 144, 250.
Slyne, S92.
Smalcius, 266.
Small-pox, 477, 484.*
Smallwood, Mr., 436.
Smarber Hall, 574, 579-
Smardall Hall, 84.
Smellie, William, 629.
Smith, Agnes, 491 : Anthony, 31 :
David, 493, 497 : Elizabeth, 414,
492, 497 : Ellen, 492 : George,
464, 492, 493 ; George Vance, 428 :
James, 490 : Jane, 458, 468,*
483* : John, of Kirkby Lonsdale,
31, 52, 84 : John, of Melling, 103 :
John, 443, 456*-458, 464, 477, 480,
63r : Margaret, 194, 488-490,*
491, 492,* 493* : Mary, 489, 573 :
Mary Anne, 194 : Matthew, 158 :
Richard, 395, 409, 414, 417,* 488-
490,* 491, 492,* 493* : Robert,
457, 477 '• Samuel, 194 : Sarah,
490 : Thomas, 562 : Thomas, of
Alston Moor, 339, 340 : William,
493-
Smith (Joseph), Bibliotheca Anti-
Quakeriana, 249, 542, 604 : Cata-
logue of Friends' Books, 249.
Smith, (Tom C), Records of Preston
Church, 114.
Smithson, Edward, sgr : Isaac, 321,
631 : Thomas, 578.
Smyth, George, M.A., 582.
Smythson, see Smithson.
Snowden (Snawden), Samuel, 605.
" Socinian " objected to. 419.
" Socinian Chapels Bill," 420.
Socinian meetings in London, 268.
Socinianism, 184, 185, 196, 265, 270 :
amongst Dissenters, 269 : in the
Church of England, 268, 269.
Socinians, r57, 197 : not tolerated,
15, 30.
Socinus, 265.
Some, David, 610.
Somerset, Duke of, 49.
Somerset House, 567.
Somervell, Messrs., 530 : Mr., 409.
Somerville, James, 445.
Sonyer (Sonier), Jonathan, 561.
Southam, 568.
Southey, Robert, 375.
Southwark, 563, 615, erg.
Southwell, John, 564.
Southwold, 604.
Sowerby, 560, 595.
Sowerby Bridge, 560.
Spalding, 544.
Speculative doctrine, practical influ-
ences, 242.
Spedding, James, 409, 474 : Rebecca,
474 : William Newton, 474.
Spelling reform. Dr. Benson's, 287.
Spencer, Thomas, 563 : William,
563-
Spies or intelligencers, 92.
Spinck (Spink), Mr., 534, 579 :
William, 579.
Spitall Wood, 433.
Spofforth, 543.
Squire, Mr., 188.
INDEX.
671
Stacy , 631.
Staddard, John, 20.
Stainbank Green, 13.
Staincliffe Wapentake Court rolls,
114.
Stainforth, 114.
Stainton Chapel (Chap. XXXIIL),
443-445, 223, 297, 438.
Stainton, 146, 192, 207, 234, 239, 240,
284, 330, 331, 449. 458,* 489,* 490,
504, 525-527, 529, 586, 603, 604 :
Sermons, 192, 235.
Stalker, Margaret, 451 : Wi.'liam,
451-
Stamford, 568.
Stand, 570, 575, 583, 59i, 627, 628.
630.
Stanford, Michael, 79, 147.
Stanhope (Stanhop), John, 591.
Stanley, Ellen, 460 : Isabel, 154 :
John, 460 : Mr., of Dalegarth, 167.
Stanning (J. H.), Lancashire Royalist
Composition Papers, 67, 102.
Stannington, 553.
Stansfeld (Stansfield), Elizabeth, 595:
H. H., 415 : John, 595 : Judge,
417 : Hamer, 415 : Lydia, 590.
Stansfeld (John), Stansfeld family,
595.
Stanwardine, 556.
Starbottom, 165, 553, 589-
Starkey, James, 162.
Starr, Comfort, 31.
State Church, 2.
State of Sunday Schools in Kendal, 352,
Statutes of Mortmain, 302.
Staveley, Lancashire, 438, 439.
Staveley, Westmorland, 298, 438.
Steddall, see Sleddall.
Steele, Ann, 463, 464, 466, 479, 480 :
Catherine, 464, 520 : Eleanor, 520 :
Elizabeth, 465 : Hannah, 419, 465 :
Isaac, 345, 351, 353, 357, 358, 372,
463*-466,* 479, 480, 482, 485,*
487, 505, 506, 519, 520 : Margaret,
466 : Mary, 464, 466, 482, 486,
487, 520 : Misses, 354, 409, 4i4,
502.
Steinthal, S. A., 428, 436.
Stephens, Nathaniel, 567, 5^8 : Sam-
uel, 567.
Stephenson (Stevenson), Agnes, 206 :
Alexander, 441 : Alice, 206 : Anne,
207 : Anthony, 206, 207 : Ehza-
beth, 206 : Jane, 206 : John, 476 :
Mr., 441 : Richard, 206 : Robert,
14, 206 : Rowland, 206 : William,
479-
Stewart, Margaret, 474 : Mr., 260 :
William, 474.
Stilling, Agnes, 457 : Ann, 467 :
Daniel, 469 : Isabella, 467, 469 :
Tames, 45*^- 457,* 466, 467, 469 :
[ane, 456 : John, 466.
Stirling, John, D.D., 528 : Mary
Laurie, 528.
Stobo, Mr., 304.
Stockdale, Ann, 486 : James, 487 :
John, 486.
Stockings, 322.
Stockport, 545, 547, 549, 560, 590,
598, 600, 616, 617.
Stockton, 557.
Stoddard Hall, 616.
Stodday, 592.
Stoney Middleton, 431.
Story, Agnes, 205 : Margaret, 205.
Stot Park, 451.
Stott (Stot), David, 455, 456,* 484,
485, 497 : Ehzabeth, 484 497 :
Isabel, 460 : James, 486, 488, 497,
502 : Jane, 460 : Janet, 456 :
Mary, 45^^ : Sarah, 497 : William,
357, 455, 483, 497-
Stourbridge, 123.
Strachan, James, 474 : Margaret,
474 : Thomas, 474.
Strafford, Thomas, Earl of, 3.
Stramongate, 459*-466,* 468-470,*
475, 47fi,* 479*-482,* 483, 484,*
513, 520, 522.
Stratbotom, see Starbottom.
Stratford-on-Avon, 574, 59r.
Street, Benjamin, 443, 631.
Stretford, 598.
Stretton, Richard, 160, 230, 259, 578,
579-
Strickland, Agnes, 480, 497 : An-
thony, 309, 311, 328, 337, 346, 477,
480, 497, 498, 509, 511, 512 :
Catherine, 512 : Elizabeth, 453,
455, 479, 511, 515 : Hannah, 456,
515 : Henry, 146, 192, 443 : John,
of Salisbury, 49-51 : John, 305,
336, 452*-455,* 456, 511, 515 :
Mary, 316, 452, 509, 511 : Mrs.,
488 : Sarah, 454 : Thomas, 259,
299, 302, 316, 452, 454, 475, 499,
501, 509, 511, 512 : William, 53,
54, 156, 336, 342, 346, 351, 353,
453, 479, 485, 511, 515-
Strickland Kettle, 49, 508.
Stricklandgate, 300, 451, 454, 459*-
463,* 464, 465,* 466, 467, 470, 475-
477,* 478*-48o,* 481-483,* 484,
49o*-403,* 496, 508, 509, 512, 514,
515, 517, 519, 524-
Stricklandgate end, 495,: Entry, 478.
Stricklands of Sizergh, 85.
Stroddart, Jane, 480 : Thomas, 480.
Stuart, Mrs. Alexander, 194.
Stubbs, Mary, 487.
Students' debts, 126.
Studholm (Studholme), Cuthbert, 20,
31-
Sturman, Sharnall, 346, 470.
Stutsky, Mrs., 268.
Stval, 503.
672
INDEX.
"Subscribers," 274.
Subscription to iiumaii creeds, 281 :
declined bv Bourn, 275 : to
XXXIX. Articles, 270.
Subsidy Rolls, 121.
Suert, Nicholas, 297.
Summer Hill, 403, 528.
Summers (W. H.), History of the
Berks, Bucks, etc., Congregational
Churches, 226, 593, 615.
Sunbury, Pa., 399.
Sunday observance, 233, 241, 297.
Sunday Schools, 351, 352, 374, 383,
384, 412, 430, 431, 436, Dl.")-
Sunderland, 31, 328, 432, 437.
Supplies, 1752-1754 (Chap. XXVII.),
330-33'i-
Surey Demoniack, 159, 175-179, 551,
.'5.'^''., .'-SO
Surtees (R.), Durham, 117, 198, 294,
535, 560, 584.
-Susquehanna, 400.
Sutton, Canon, 106, 108 : Dorothy,
95 : James, 75, 95, 109 : John, 95.
Swainson, Eleanor, 459 : William,
459-
Swale, John, 242.
Swaledale, 32, 504, 574, 579.
Swearing, Society against, 233.
Swimming, 128.
Swinglehurst, E., 404, 409, 597 :
H., 437 : John, 192 : William, 192.
Syddall, Thomas, 554.
Sydenham, Richard, 59.
Sydney, Lord, 163, 170.
Sykes, Hannah, 588 : Mrs., 169 :
Richard, 543.
.Syll, see Sill.
Symonds (Symon), Ann, 460 : George,
460, 461,* 478* : John, 461, 478 :
William, 461.
Synethwaite, 233.
Synod, 10.
T. (J.), Poem on Robinson, 374.
Tablers, 90, 154.
" Tables," 131.
Tallantire, 83, 109, iii.
Tamworth, 586.
Tanner MSS. (Bodleian Library), 10,
42, 224.
Tanshelf, 617.
Tarporley, 549.
" Tarve blind lawyer," 510.
Tate, Mr., 416.
Tatham, 490.
Tatham, Mr., 360 : Richard, 78.
Tathams at Asham, 85.
Tatlock, Margaret, 626.
Tatnal, Mr., 504.
" Tauld Toon Clock," 423.
Taunton, 633.
Taures, see Towers.
Tavistock, 107, 542.
Tawler, 535.
Tayler, John James, 426.
Tayleur, C, 415.
Taylor, Adam, 410, 414, 494 : Agnes,
457 : C., 564 : Christopher Davi-
son, 494 : Dorothy, 458 : Eliza-
beth, 453, 580 : George, 453, 457,*
458, 469,* 476, 481 : Hannah, 460 :
James, 460, 580, 586 : John, 579 :
Dr. John, 548, 621, 631 : Margaret,
409, 414 : Mary, 494 : Mr., 539 :
Nathaniel, 457, 476 : Thomas, 32,
563 : Zacharv, senior, 176, 177 :
Zachary, junior, 176-179, 235.
Taylor (John), Octagon Chapel, Nor-
wich, 332.
Taylor (T.), Works, 32.
Taylor (Zachary), Popery, superstition,
ignorance and knavery, 128, 178 :
Refutation of Mr. Jolly's Vindi-
cation, 537 : Surey Impostor, 176.
Teaching for hire, Quaker objection,
34-
Teaching without a licence, 187.
Teetotalism, 527, 528.
Temperance Coffee-House, 404,
Temperance Societies, 403-405.
Temple Combe, 39.
Test and Corporation Acts, 357, 358,
387.
Tetlaw (Tetlay), Reynald, 240, 610.
Tetuan, 602.
Tewkesbury, 622.
Thame, 621.
Thanet, Lord, 380.
Theology, Controversial, in Temper-
ance societies, 403.
Thirkleby, 190, 197.
Thirnbeck, Eleanor, 357 : Ellen, 346:
See also Thornbeck.
Thirsk, 597.
Thirty-nine Articles, 270, 273.
Thorn, J. Hamilton, 416, 417, 428.
Thomas, Timothy, 589.
Thompson (Josiah), MSS., 297, 342,
444, 445-
Thomson, (Thompson Tomson), Ag-
nes, 204, 460, 465, 485-487 : Alicia
Ann, 468, 519 : Ann, 464, 467,
480 : Charlotte, 518 : Daniel, 456,
519 : David, 519 : Eleanor, 461 :
Elizabeth, 419, 466, 475, 516 :
Ellen, 463 : 'Ellen Allen, 485 :
George, 206 : Hannah, 364, 458,
466, 468, 487,* 516, 517, 519:
Henr3', 458 : J., 409 : James, 459,
476, 519 : John, 98, 116, 204, 206,
297. 303, .312, 338-341, 345, 351,
353, 356-358, 361, 364, 371, 373,
381, 406, 456*-459,* 465,* 466,*
467, 468, 476,* 477, 482, 487, 488,
505, 506, 516, 517, 519 : John,
M.D., 379, 406, 517-519, 635: Joseph,
459, 480 : Margaret, 456, 488 :
INDEX.
673
Mary, 457,* 465, 470,* 476, 477,
484,* 516, siq : Misses, 308, 354,
409, 414 : R. Heywood, 292 :
Rebecca, 204 -. Richard, 461 :
Samuel, 486 : Sarah, 204, 419,
465 : Thomas, 457, 458,* 459,*
460, 461,* 462,^ 464, 470, 47=;,
478,* 480,* 484, 486, 487, 557":
William, M.P., 411, 420 : William,
31, 460, 463.
Thoresby, Mrs., 169 : Ralph, 113,
120, 181, 190, 233, 241, 562, 592,
594-
Thoresby (Ralph), Correspondence,
156, 167, 169, 170, 173, 181, 191, 193,
196, 541, 543, 556, 558, 139, 581,
592, 611 : Diary, 114, 167, 193,
233, 241, 242, 536, 540, 541, 543,
553, 557, 558, 561, 585, 592, 612 :
Ducatus Leodiensis, 238, 247, 541,
573, 591 : Letters addressed to R.
Thoresby, 539, 530, 553, 558, 597,
611, 635.
Thorley, John, 235.
Thornagh, see Thornhagh.
Thornbeck, Eleanor, 484, 503 : Ellen,
448, 502 : John, 149, 448, 499, 501 :
Obadiah, 499. See also Thirnbeck.
Thorneburrow, Frances, 207 : Isa-
bel, 483 : James, 207 : Mary, 207 :
William, 207.
Thorneley, Mr., 235-236.
Thornely, Alfred, 429, 432, 531 :
John D., 415 : Samuel, 416, 417 :
Thomas, 415 : William, 429, 432,
530, 531.
Thornhagh, John, 573 : St. Andrew,
573-
Thornley, John, 236.
Thornton, 61, 150, 316, 540.
Thornton, John, 149 : William, 192.
Thorp, Richard, 143-145.
Thoyt, Thomas, 31.
Threlfall, Elizabeth, 581.
Threlkeld, Joseph, 632.
Thwaites at Naddle, 85.
Thwaits, John, 96.
Tideswell, 571-
Tillotson, John, Archbishop, 166, 167.
Tilsly, Mr., 549-
Tindal, Matthew, 306.
Tingley, (Tinglaw) 53J, 548, 561.
Tinsf'l, see Tintwistle.
Tintwistle, 240, 583, 610.
Tithes, 75, 218.
Tiverton, 31.
Tobacco, 33, 132, 168, 170.
Tockholes, 343, 444, 595-
Todd, S., 409.
Todwick, 552.
Toleration, 15, i57. 210, 227, 266.
Toleration Act, no, 159, 166, 253.
Tombes, John, 60.
Tomlinson, Mary, 528.
Tompson, see Thompson.
Tong, William, 124, 190, 196, 274,
556, 558.
Tong (William), Matthew Henry, 124,
196, 231, 240, 552, 558, 559, 378,
588, 590, 599, 609, 610.
Toogood, Agnes, 204 : William, 204.
Topchffe, 536, 548, 550.
Torpenhow, 63.
Tosside, 165, 555, 589.
Total Abstinence Society, 403.
Tottie, Thomas W., 415.
Tottington, 605.
Tottlebank, 439.
Toulmin (Joshua), Historical view of
the state of the protestani dissenters,
533, 540, 541, 568, 591, 600, 603,
608, 611 : Memoirs of Samuel
Bourn, 276, 441, 442.
Towers, James, 593 : Jolm, 395, 611 :
Margaret, 595.
Town Hall Clock tower, 422.
Toxteth Park, 429, 543, 582, 399, 609,
627.
Tract Society, 400, 401.
Trade unions, 352.
Trafalgar, 629.
Trained bands, 92.
Transylvania, 265.
Travers, John, 583.
Travies, Miss, 416.
Travis, Sarah, 566.
Trelwyn, 609.
Trewen, 609.
Triers, 30, 48, 60.
Trinity, 180-187, 198, 246, 264-268,
273, 389, 542, 546, 556, 604.
Trinity College, see Cambridge.
Tritheism, 184.
Trosse, George, 142.
Trotter, Agnes, 490 : Dorothy, 490,
491 : Jane, 491 : Thomas, 490, 491.
Troutbeck Bridge Chapel, 423.
Trowbridge, 617.
True Blue Liberal Party, 397.
Trurant (Trurin), Thomas, 31.
Trustees for Maintenance of Minis-
ters, 22.
Trustees of the Chapel and Market
Place property (Chap. XXXVII.),
507-531.. elected by subscribers,
356.
Trusts, open, 262-264.
Tully, see Cicero.
Tunley, 504, 576, 618, 622.
Tunstall, 41, 41 7-
Tunstall registers, 41.
Tunstead, 569.
Turnbull, John, 573-
Turner, Baron, 94 : Edward, 35 :
Elizabeth, 482 : James Aspinall,
M.P., 413, 417: J- Horsfall, 115,
532, 333 : John, 569, 586 : Thom-
as, 24 : William, 326, 357, 5i8, 613.
2 X
674
INDEX.
Turner (G. Lyon), Original records oj
early nonconformity, 83, 94, 99, 199,
548, 565, 58s-
Turner (J. Horsfall), 532, 533 : An-
cient Bingley, 606 : Brighouse, 616 :
Halifax books and authors, 330, 331,
553-
Turton, 238.
Tynemouth, 573, 584, 629.
Tynemouth parish register, 584.
Tyrer, Ralph, 37.
Tyson, Edward, 409, 414 : James, 432.
Ulpha, 392.
Ulverston, 403. 469, 528.
Underbarrow, 98, 207, 226, 298, 448-
451, 462, 463, 514.
Union of Presbyterians and Inde-
pendents, 164, 171-173.
Union Buildings, 488.
Unit arian elected M . P. for Kendal, 405 .
Unitarian Baptists, 376, 378, 395-
401 : Register of Births, 489-494.
"Unitarian" Chapel, 381, 411.
Unitarian clergymen, 348, 619.
Unitarian Fund Collection, 379.
Unitarian Home Missionary Board,
429, 431, 432.
Unitarian preacher, first, at Man-
chester, 630.
Unitarian propaganda in U.S.A.,
398-401.
Unitarian Society founded, 358.
Unitarian Tracts, 268.
Unitarian Chronicle, 367, 388, 390.
Unitarian Herald, 298, 428, 430-434.
Unitarianism, alleged cause of seces-
sion, 343 : in Church of England,
348, 619 : in Scotland, 350
Definition by Harrison, 382
preached by Quaker, 34.
Unitarians, 184, 229, 329.
United Ministers, 164.
United States, Unitarian propaganda,
398-401.
Universities closed to nonconformists,
122, 140 : Scotch, supported by
Presbyterian Fund, 321.
University education for noncon-
formists, 353.
Upholland, 556.
Upton, 548.
Upton, C.B., 428.
Uron, Margaret, 114.
Urwick (William), Nonconformity in
"^""^ Herts., 633.
Usk, 414, 527.
Ustenton, i.e., Stainton, 440.
Utrecht University, 575.
Uttoxeter, 607, 626.
Uxbridge, 226.
Valentine, Joseph, 632 : Peter, 632 :
Richard, 565 : Thomas, 580,
Vane, Sir George, 20 : Sir Henry, 20 :
William, 20.
Vans, see Vans.
Varty, Sarah, 293.
Vans, John, 590.
Veal, Edward, 541.
Vesey (F.), Cases in Chancery, 309.
Victoria County History, Lancashire,
68, 439, 566, 580, 585, 635.
Vindication of the Surey Demoniack,
176.
Virginia, 632.
Voluntary contributions, 2.
Waddelove (Waddilove), Ambrose,
114 : Dorothy, 114: John, 192.
Waddington, Mr., in ; Robert, 151.
Wade, Isabella, 486 : .Mr., 5(>i :
William, 357, 486*
Wainman, Richard, 606 : Sarah,
606 : Thomas, 606.
Waith (Wait), James, 372, 496, 502.
Wakefield, 61, 164, 540, 561, 562,
592, 602.
Wakefield, E. W., 405 : Edward,
353 ; John, 422 : Roger, 301.
Wakefield & Co., 414.
Wales, 595.
Walkden (Peter), Diary, 579, 588,
598, 608.
Walker, Arthur, 466 : Ellen, 204 :
George, 90, 204 : George, F.R.S.,
325, 632 : Jane, 466 : Jo- Ann,
466 : John, 162, 249, 569, 595 :
Mary, 551 : Peter, 627 : Sarah,
606 : Susannah, 450 : Thomas
vicar, 31, 47-49, 51, 54 : Thomas,
368, 450, 451, 632 : William, 551.
Walker (George), Essays on various
subjects, 325.
Walker (John), Sufferings of the Clergy,
8, 41, 52.
Wallace (Wallis), John, ejected min-
ister, 54, 81-83, 84, 86.
Wallace (Robert), Antitrinitarian Bio-
graphy, 198.
Wallasev, 599-
Walling' Wells, 539.
Wallis, Brother, 83 : Elizabeth, 294 :
John, see Wallace : Richard, 294.
Walmersley, 238, 576.
Walmsley, 241, 442, 623.
Walmsley, John, 601 : Richard, 192.
Walpole, Horace, 510.
Walter, Meterell, or Meverell, 601.
Walton-le-Dale, 566, 602.
Walton-on-the-Hill, 524, 548.
" Wanderer," sec Patrick, James.
Wantage, 593.
Wapping, 479.
War impossible, 421.
Warburton, Henry, M.P., 411, 416,
423.
Ward, Capt., 53 : Elizabeth, 205 ;
INDEX.
675
Nathaniel, 598 : Ralph, 148 :
Thomas, 307.
VVardrow Wells, 62S.
Ware, 539.
Ware, Alexander, 471 : Janet, 471 :
Richard, 471.
Wareing, John, 606 : Samuel, 606.
Warley, 330, 331, 609, 617.
Warmouth, Henry, 20.
Warren (Edw.), Funeral sermon on
Whitakcr, 537.
Warriner, Agnes, 449 : Edmond,
453,* 454 : Eleanor, 96 : James,
257 : John, 205, 453 : Robert,
453 : Sarah, 454 : William, 96,
99, 100, 449.
Warrington, 240, 366, 485, 537, 538,
547, 549. 558, 559, 588, 589, 609,
622, 631.
Warrington Academy, 327, 353, 366,
417, 537, 619, 627, 631, 632.
Warwick, Mr., 210.
Was Kendal Chapel " originally ortho-
dox" ? (Chap. XXIV.), 262-291.
Washington, Agnes, 596 : James,
205 : Margaret, 503.
Water analysis, 629.
Waterhouse, Nicholas, 240.
Watherston, William, 451.*
Watson, Ann, 458, 466, 486 : Eliza-
beth, 469 : Ellen, 459 : George,
456 : Isabel, 466, 481 : James,
356, 456, 458,* 459, 465, 466,*
467,* 469, 481,* 484, 485 ; John,
414, 415, 458 : Mrs., 500 : Rebecca,
466,* 467, 469, 486 : Richard,
Bishop, 375 : William, 465.
Watson (John), Halifax, 616.
Wattisfield, 141, 536.
Waugh, Alice, 206 : Jane, 206.
Weardale, 348.
Weatherend, Christopher, 193.
Weaver (F. W.), Somerset Inctcmbents,
49.
Weavers, Riots, 352 : Wages in Phil-
adelphia, 400.
Webb, William, 30.
Webster, Maria, 488 : Mary Jane,
488: Thomas, 403, 429, 488,* 502,
527-
Weld, Thomas, 31, 52.
Weldon, Michael, 20.
Well, 535-
Wells, G. H., 429-
Wem, 332.
Wesley, John, 286 : Samuel, 133,
135, 138, 180.
Wesleyan Methodism, 354.
West, Adam, 465 : Ann, 465 : Wil-
liam, 465.*
West Kirby, 59, 427-
West Leigh, 581.
West Riding Unitarian Book and
Tract Society, 519-
WesthaU, 119.
Westminster, 582, 609.
Westminster Assembly, see Assembly
of Divines.
Westmorland Association, see Cum-
berland Association.
Westmorland Classes, suggested, 10 :
Classes not established, 15 : Con-
gregations necessitous, 260 : Coun-
ty Records, 115, 165, 232 : Gentry,
loyal, 213 : gentry unfavourable
to nonconformity, 84, 85 : Inhabit-
ants ordered to associate, 6 : Jus-
tices, Addresses to the King, 2r3,
216 : Ministers needed, 16 : Opin-
ion of Parliament, 39 : Papists and
Malignants, 6 : Preacher sent by
Parliament, 9 : Remoteness, 274 :
Royalist clergy, 11, 12.
Westmorland Advertiser, 380, 381,
520, 523.
Westmorland Note Book, 100.
Westray, Joseph, 633.
Whalley, 58, 61, 175.
Whalley, Mary, 551 : Thomas, 160,
550, 551-
Wharton, Agnes, 204 : George, 204 :
Thomas, 506.
Wharton, Philip, Lord, 20, 30, 38, 39,
42-45 : 85, 163, 233, 297, 574, 579 :
Charity misapplied, 379, 380 :
Trustees, 272.
Wharton Chapel, 632.
Wharton Hall, 504.
Whigs, 308.
Whinfell, 99, 207.
Whiston, 269, 270, 585.
Whitaker, Agnes, 456, 480, 521 ;
Ann, 466-468, 473, 521 : Dr., 150 :
Eleanor, 473, 486, 521 : Elizabeth,
473,* 522 : George, 453, 455 :
Helen, 481, 521 : James, 455 :
Jane, 455 : Jane Agnes, 394 :
Joseph, 378, 394, 402, 468, 473,*
486, 506, 521, 522, 530, 537:
Margaret, 454, 466, 477, 487, 521 :
Matthew, 346, 351, 356, 361, 372,
453, 454,* 455,* 456, 466, 467,*
468, 477, 479-481, 485, 486, 505,
521, 522 : Miss, 354 : Nanny, see
Ann : Robert, 131, 535, 537 :
Thomas, 535, 536, 538, 56i, 565,
576 : T. D., 375-
Whitaker (Thomas), Sermons, 240.
Whitaker (Thomas) Bowl Alley Lane
Chapel, 615, 617.
Whitaker (T. D.), Craven, loi.
Whitby, 554, 583, 597-
Whitchurch, 544, 563, 606, 611.
White (John), Century of scandalous
priests, 8.
White Lyon Inn, 309.
Whitechapel, 568.
Whitefield, George, 286.
676
INDEX.
Whitehall Buildings, 422.
Whitehaven, 233, 258, 261, 295, 304,
305, 328, 504, 562, 591, 614, 621.
Whitehead, Edward, 301 : J., 410 :
John, 383 : Mabel, 300 : Sarah,
303, 318, 345, 633 : Thomas, 105,
318, 321, 633.
Whitehead, Thomas, M.A., 99, loi-
105, no, 635.
Whiteside, John, 633 : Josepli, 633.
Whitfield, Nathaniel, 596.
Whitley Chapel, 558.
Whitlock, John, 551.
Whitthorne, Giles, 450 : Sarah
Gouge, 450.
Whittaker, see Whitaker.
Whittle, James, 161, 240, 594 ; John,
161, 594.
Whitwell, 207.
Whitwell, Agnes, 206 : Edmund, 206.
Whitworth, 573, 582, 617.
Whitworth, Ellen, 544 : Joseph, 544.
Whitworth' s Manchester Advertizer,
333-
Wiche, John, 633, 634.
Wick, 547.
Wickham, Henry, 574 : Tobias, 574.
Wicksteed, Charles, 43 r : Lectures on
the memories of the just, 238, 240,
241.
Widdrington, John, 634 : Ralph,
534 : Sir Thomas, 8, 20.
Widows' Fund, 402.
Wigan, 328, 348, 595, 618, 632 :
Copperas Works, 627.
Wiggett, George, 604.
Wightman, Bennet, 472 : Eliza, 472 :
Hannah, 487 : Henry James, 472 :
James, 373, 485, 498 : John, 474 :
Mary, 472,* 473,* 485, 486 : New-
ton Douglas, 472, 485 : Wilham,
472,* 473, 474, 485-488.
Wigston, 560.
Wigton, 328, 348, 490, 491, 635.
Wigtown, Galloway, 480.
Wilberforce, William, 627.
Wilde, James, 357.
Wildman Street, 469-471, 484.
Wilkinson, Anne, 555 : Hannah, 453 ;
Henry, 577 : Isaac, 634 : John,
145, 148, 207, 453 : John, iron-
master, 329, 634 : Margaret, 207 :
Mr., 436.
Wilkinson & Sons, 434.
Willan, Agnes, 414, 417, 472, 473,
493 : James, 472, 473, 485, 486 :
John Stubs, 472 : Margaret, 417,
494 : Mr., 371 : Sarah, 493, 494 :
Thomas, 53, 473 : William, 409,
414, 417, 493, 494-
William HI., Address by Corporation,
236.
Williams, Dr. Daniel, 541, 579, 590,
606.
Williams (Sir J. B.), Memoirs of
Matthew Henry, 240, 594.
Williamson, Agnes, 449, 505 : An-
thony, 450, 458, 459* : Betty, 503 :
Dorothy, 507 : Eleanor, 448 :
James, 454 : John, 450, 454,* 511,
549 : Jonathan, 305, 507, 510 :
Sir Joseph, 72, 74, 86, 87, 91-94,
97, 98 : Margaret, 448 : Robert,
449 : Samuel, 448,* 449 : Stephen,
299-302, 305, 449,* 450,* 451, 454,
458, 499, 501, 507, 511 : Tabitha,
205 : Thomas, 449, 451, 502, 507,
511-
Willison, John, 499.
Willmer, Mr., 416.
Willoughby of Parham, Lord, 569.
Wills, unorthodox and orthodox pre-
ambles, 341, 342.
Wilmslow, 631.
Wilson, Agnes, 459, 461, 463, 514 :
Alan, 17, 19 : Ann, 205, 451, 455,
459, 476, 510 : Benjamin, 305, 336,
449, 511 : Christopher, 349 : Chris-
topher, Bishop of Bristol, 592 :
Edward, r4, 18 : Elizabeth, 460 :
George, 460 : Henry, 11, 12, 515 :
J. G. Given, 57 : J. J., 405 :
James, 346, 351, 356, 357, 453,
456, 457, 458*-46o,* 461, 462,*
515 : John, no, 351, 453, 458 :
John, " Chiristopher North," 375 :
Jonathan, 301 : Joseph, 449, 454,
462 : Margaret, 204, 206, 456, 457,
462, 500, 501 : Mary, 454, 462,
463, 515, 594: ^Ir-, 202, 503:
Mrs., 169 : Nicholas, 204 : Re-
becca, 500 : Richard, no, 346,
351, 453, 459,* 460, 461,* 462, 463,
592 : Robert, 207, 305, 396, 449,
45i,*-453,* 454, 455,* 461, 501,
510, 511 : Sarah, 205 : Susan,
479 : Thomas, 298, 301, 302, 443,
455, 459. 460, 476, 499, 501, 5n,
592, 602 : Titus, 259 : William,
459-
Wilson (S.), Funeral Sermon on
Brailhwaite, 615.
Wilson (Walter), History of Dis-
senting churches in London, 105
Wilsons of Casterton and Dalham
Tower, 85.
Winandermere, 467.* See also
Windermere.
Windburn, 603.
Winder, Agnes, 482 Henry, con-
troversy, 250-256 : Henry, D.D ,
286, 287, 316, 582 : J. S., 436.
Windermere, 12, 429, 437, 467,* 526,
531-
Windy Hill, 502.
Wine, 168.
Winn, Owen, 575.
Winstanley, Dr., 415.
INDEX.
677
Winter, Edward, 20.
Winterburn, 165, 555, 588, 589.
Winwick, 537, 582.
Wiredale, 261, 586.
Wirksworth, I2g, 571, 624.
Wirral, 60.
Wise, Laurence, 62.
Witts, James, 493 : Jane, 493 :
William, 493.
Wivenhoe, 547, 587.
Wolstenholme, Tliomas, 604 : Wil-
liam, 604, 605.
Wolverhampton, 432, 504 : Chapel
case, 410.
Wolverton, Lord, 425.
Wood (Woods), Aaron, 575 : An-
thony, 49 : George William, M.P.,
405, 410, 411, 417 : George W. R.,
407 : Isaac, 575 : James, 162, 332,
569, 584, 587. 634 : John, 30, 594 :
Mrs., 415 : Ottiwell, 389, 415 :
Samuel, 587 : William, 406 : Wil-
liam Rayner, 414, 415, 417.
Woodbridge, 587.
Woodburn, Agnes, 95 : Jane, 476,
Woodchurcli, 536.
Woodcock shooting, 322.
Woodhouses, 547.
Woods, see Wood.
Woolhouse, Elizabeth, 549 : Thomas,
549-
Woolpack Yard Meeting House, 408,
409.
Worcester, Battle of, 106.
Worcestershire Association, 24, 27.
Wordsworth, William, 374, 375, 496,
522, 523.
Workhouse, 467, 479, 480, 488.
Working Men's Reading Room, 529.
Workington, 593.
Workman, Cliristopher, 486, 487.
Worship, Regular attendance, 386.
Worsley, 556.
Worsley, Charles, 65 : Charles, Major-
General, 65, 247, 565 : Cicely, 65 :
Martha, 565: Mary, 247: Ralph, 247.
Worthington, A. W., 428 : B., 415 :
Hugh, 583 : Isaac, 198, 583, 584.
Worthington (John), Diary, 66.
Worthy, 584.
Wray Castle, 528.
Wren, Francis, 20.
Wrenbury, 588.
Wrentham, 141.
Wrexham, 133, 525, 526, 556, 579,
581, 587, 590, 605.
Wright, Dorothy, 553 : James, 161 :
John, 162 : Jonathan, 150, 173,
553 : Joseph, 148, 553 : Richard,
288, 376-378, 396 : Robert, 162 :
Samuel, D.D., 260, 299, 503, 582 :
Dr. W. Aldis, 36.
Wright (A. B.), Hexham, 310.
Wright (Richard), Missionary life
and labours, 377.
Wrigley, James, 437.
Wyght, Mr., 260.
Wymondhouses, no, 535, 537, 571,
579, 606.
Wynne, Owen, 575.
Yair, John, 463 : William, 463.
Yarmouth, 289, 333, 543, 618, 633.
Yates, Dorothy, 537, 627 : J. A.,
416 : Misses, 415, 417 : Robert,
537 : Samuel, 141, 537, 582, 627.
Yeates, John, 309.
Yeovil, 622.
Yong, Richard, 59.
York, 54, 147, 156, 181, 193, 194, 564,
589, 609, 614, 617.
York Castle, 61, 535 : Churchwardens'
Presentment Books, 224 : Con-
sistory Court, 115, 155, 163.
York, Duke of, see James II.
Yorkshire Papists and Malignants, 6.
Yorkshire Bibliographer, 394.
Yorkshire County Magazine, 114, 161,
174, 184, 533, 540, 568, 574, 587,
589.
\ orkshire Genealogist, 84, no, 154.
Young, Ebenezer, 557.
\
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