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THE CUBA RB 


Durante mas de 20 afios nuestras LOCOMOTORAS estan al servicio de dis- 
tintos terrocarriles é ingenios de Centro y Sur-America y son apreciados muy par- 
ticularmente por su construccion maciza y esmerada. Los perfeccionamientos que 
se han introducido durante los ultimos anos nos ponen en condiciones de asegurar 
que, en resistencia, superioridad de materiales y duracion, nuestras maquinas no 
son hoy superadas por las de ninguna otra fabrica. Con Talleres bien habilitados 
y surtido abundante de los materiales necesarios, podemos garantizar prontas en- 


reaas , wu . . , 
tregas, Sirvase dirigir la correspondencia 4 


GLOVER MACHINE WORKS, 43 CEDAR ST., NEW YORK, EE. UU. 


JAMES M. MOTLEY, Gerente CATALOGOS Y PRESUPUESTOS SE REMITEN A SOLICITUD 


JAMES M. MOTLEY 4 CE 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 


THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 

GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO. LTD. 

THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 

STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan : Locomotoras 

Carros para cana 

Rieles y accesso- 
rios 

Chuchos y ranas 

Aserraderos 

Calderas 

M4quinas, de va- 
por y de gaso- 
lina 

Tanques 

Tornos 

Trapiches y toda 
clase de maquin- 
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® 
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SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
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thence to5 A.M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A.M. to r1 P.M. 


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JACKSON 


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are made with extra deep pressed trays. 
No seams or rivets to prevent complete 
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TT Tubular Barrow—3 Cu. Ft. 
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HARRISBURG, PA. 


Insist upon Walker’s “LION” Packing 


Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 
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TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


PM|PM!;}PM! AM)! AM| AM/| Fare Fare; AM} AM/ PM} PM| PM;| PM 


6.15 | 2.55| 1.45|10.15| 6.58| 5.45 1st cl.) Lv. Cen. Sta...Ar|)3dcl.| 7.20| 11.09| 12.01; 320) 7.09| 8.00 
8.24 | 4.24 | 3.55 | 12.24| 824) 7.55 | $2.65 | Ar...Artemisa..Lv/| $1.40| 515] 9.40| 9.45| 1-15] 5.40] 5.45 


= ete) a Pee 9-5! mums «65.19 Ar..Paso Real..Lv| 2.54 ..... 3.05 |scne oe es 405 
ae BOG eee a one =2--f EO-O5)1 aoe 5-62) Ar. Herradura .Lv| 2:74 |..--.-| 17:48: |- o-s.0«| sco s sel) Sepa 
Sate 2 6.56 |..-...|.<-.--| 10.56 | 7.30] 671 }Ar.PinardelRiolv| 3.25 |....-. 6.551} - c= 10 2 |< oe niet] eigen ae 

SARS sco aot 12.40 | 11.45 | 8.83) Ar....Guane...Lv| 4.22 ]..... 5,201) ee eed eee 1.20} 2.00 


Round Trip Fares From Havana To 


IDEAL 


Arroyo Naranjo......... 24 cts. Rancho Boyeros........ 38 cts. 
TROLLEY CAAA oo secon yeas ee 26 cts. Santiago de las Vegas...50 cts. 
RAN COMMS sic Hah cites von = 60 cts. 


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“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


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VoL, XIX DECEMBER, 1920 No, I 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page—A Typical Cuban Street Corner. 


Frontispiece—Alameda, Santiago de Cuba. 


Cuban Commercial Matters: 
arts lng a retl eyaryitbla ue ©td Das cceanecvoac cusses -aacot avastoavacsesusscusone supe roaccoususcenscnscccscoauccd ascetesecustorseseiesteten 24 


Cuba as a Market for Electrical Fixtures........... DOD 23 
Cuban Market for Southern Pitch Pine and Hardwood Bi Gas 
Bex DUTLSHO fer hac him cray: nEOw Git fasteners oes eare cee ree Race fae nena uaa ee eo tera ee Meee a 24 
Betensromeots br Oli bieOmeon elm p OTtatt OL oh eet C@sces errata saree ese eee eect ee eee eee 22 
Weathers Ex portsserrorm Spal to) Cp aesecee:ccccersceeseeeceresoeces cece ceeserer sore orton eck eohineeey este 24 


Cuban Financial Matters: 


IPreewaulllttayss IPSS tore (Crolnaiin SC ban S eS pecacoeeco pec ocbocecccaceHnce coe cea sest beens evenncencRecorrnccecr obecerer 25 

MrahicwReceiptsm ore Gubanielatlr Oa oueaee. co setes ccstesceces sects necesre sees oeasaneceent ror eee ee rae 25, 26 
Cuban Government Matters: 

(Cullbera  IDrelleeemees ti ILGaRIS) Cie NBIC rcs necator cece cecensnoncehccorececeec Cece actin coedoecohCacspoerecece-ec 

Pxtension Of MioTatoriuitnc...-cecct-ces-eecssesseese 


Financial Adviser from the United States 
First Secretary of the U. S. Legation in Cuba... 


SINT NI NIST SI NY 


IN ferent al lgunS vier td Oise: Wht ween Sisko saan eheg ese seecresckuea laters oe 
New Municipalities ........... 
New Postmaster General 
TBlenvetiake «(Caer ov as oa sat Ves ieee cece conc eee eee eee eee cae ee eS eo eeee See 12 
TSIEN TIS Ree er eC Se REA ee ee eg 5 21 
The Sugar Industry: 
Crop ao ren wba a al GMO a9 2 (herrea tess srcc ee sacle ee are Se ee eee nea g Ode is ice, duoc ed RE lg ee 28 
New Sugar Company......... ae ee GET: 
IRevilbe@aial IPIHOSEE  Secococe-cecscccceocecepececes a 28 
Record Beet Seed Crop.............-. os é Bere OD 
Sugar Industry in Brazil... be 27 
U. S. Consumption for Six Months Bs 32 
NViorldesen97 Ooo Siigars Cropubistintate sss sess eee eee ee 295 30; 31 
(S ISIGHEE ad BYERS yyegtael Eos We ae ere ee rc Boe ep rete Ber Score aoe eens PEE Ona CoP eRe ee See 33, 34 


‘Siaysqanirit TREN AVENE HONIG) ORME eee cece sere sonar pret reeLer Ecic soe ec Ea Cease, Der eee ses aa ee Sey an en eT a= eee SSE 


‘oseuesg “epowely 


; 


THE 


LIBRARY 
YORK 


BOTANICAL 


NEW 


CUBA REVIEW — 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


Copyright, 1920, by the Munson Steamship Line 


VoLUME XIX 


DECEMBER, 1920 


NUMBER I 


CUBAN GOVERNMENT MATTERS 


CUBAN DELEGATES TO LEAGUE 
OF NATIONS 


The Cuban delegation to the League 
of Nations is taking a prominent part in 
the proceedings of the assembly. 

Cuba is represented on the following 
committees: General Organization, Dis- 
armament, Blockade; Mandates and Ad- 
mission of New States 

From Cuba Sr. Aristides Aguero has 
been appointed on the Committee for 
Technical Organization, and Sr. Ortiz on 
the Court of International Justice and 
Finances of the League. 


EXTENSION OF MORATORIUM 
By Presidential decree dated November 
30th, the moratorium in Cuba has been 
extended until December 31st. 


FINANCIAL ADVISER FROM 
UNITED STATES 

Mr. Albert Rathbone, former Assistant 
Secretary of the Treasury, has been chosen 
to serve as financial adviser to the Cuban 
Government. Mr. Rathbone left for Cuba 
early in December and will confer with 
President Menocal and other officials re- 
garding plans for relieving the existing 
financial conditions. 


NEW MUNICIPALITIES 


The Cuban Congress has recently passed 
laws providing for the establishment of 
the following municipalities: Aguada de 
Pasajeros, Province of Santa Clara; San 


Antonio de las Vegas, Province of Ha- 
vana; and Yateras, Province of Santiago. 


NEW POSTMASTER GENERAL 


Sr. Carlos M. Barnet, Assistant Post- 
master General of Cuba, has been ap- 
pointed Postmaster General by presiden- 
tial decree, to fill the vacancy caused by 
the death of the late Sr. Miguel Paniagua. 

Mr. Barnet’s old post will go to Sr. 
Manuel Linares. 


NATIONAL REVENUE 
In 1919 the national revenue of Cuba 
was $79,078,325, which, compared with the 
$64,478,772 collected in 1918, shows an 
increase of $4,599,553. The revenue was 
derived from the following sources in 
1919: Customs, $44,337,713; contributions 
and taxes, $15,450,291; stamp tax, $3,- 
605,775 ; loan tax, $4,561,009 ; national lot- 
tery, $4,429,921; sundry revenues, $1;673,- 
858; communications revenue, $2,133,622 ; 
port improvement taxes, $1,599,318; prop- 

erty and State taxes, $408,732. 


FIRST SECRETARY OF -U. S. LEGATION 
IN CUBA 

The Havana Post reports through in- 
formation from Washington, that Mr. 
Hrancis White, who has served as First 
Secretary at the American Legation in 
Cerro since January last, will leave 
shortly for a new post in Buenos Aires. 
He will be succeeded in Havana by Mr. 
P. L. Cabel, who has been attached to the 
American Embassy in Paris. 


oat THE CUBA BEVIEW 


HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE 


November 238, 1920. 


HAVANA WINTER RACE MEET: The 1920-1921 Havana Winter Race Meet, which 
is to open Thursday, Thanksgiving Day, seems to have been gotten ready with especial 
care this season, as several new owners of race horses are to have their stables trans- 
ferred to Havana for this meet. Improvements have been made to the Club House at 
Oriental Park. The grounds have been attended to with much care during the summer 
and the management are deserving of great praise for the work that has been accom- 
plished. The Oriental Park of the Cuban-American Jockey Club has been numbered 
among the most beautiful race courses in the Americas and the reputation is indeed 
well earned. Many splendid races are to be run this season for very attractive purses 
and the officials of the club are sure of hearty support not only from the local Cuban 
population, but from the large tourist population that is assured Cuba for this year. 


~~ DESTRUCTIVE FIRE ON OFICIOS STREET: On the afternoon of November 18th 
fire destroyed the plant of the West Indies Oil Refining Company of this city, which 
is the subsidiary of the Standard Oil Company in Cuba. The fire raged the entire 
afternoon and part of the night and damage to the amount of about $400,000 was 
done, The cause of the fire has not been ascertained. 


AEROPLANE MAIL SERVICE ESTABLISHED: The much talked of aeroplane mail 
service between the United States and Cuba has been established and daily trips are 
now made between Key West and Havana. The aeroplanes carrying the mails are 
spacious machines indeed and bring passengers as well as mail. The contract entered 
into between the two Governments and the aeroplane company calls for a daily trip 
between the two cities—which is being maintained, The trip of 90 miles takes about 
an hour and a half. 


NATIONAL LEAGUE BASEBALL CLUB HERE: The appearance in Havana of the 
New York National League baseball players has been enjoyed by the Cuban baseball 
fans for the past four weeks. The famous home run hitter, “Babe” Ruth, made 
his appearance and drew large crowds to the grounds to watch his performances. A 
three-team league was formed with the “Giants,” “Almendares” and “Havanas” and 
many interesting and close games were played. “Babe” Ruth did not make as many 
home runs as it was expected he would, but he was a great attraction, since he 
shifted his position from fielder to first base and then to pitcher and again to catcher. 


HAVANA’S TOURIST OUTLOOK: From what we are able to observe, this coming 
winter is to be the banner year for tourists in Havana. Many new buildings have 
been splendidly fitted up as boarding and rooming houses to take care of the crowds 
and the hotels are ready for record crowds this year. Tourists will find Havana 
this winter still more modernized than ever with the introduction of the “Palisades 
Park” on the Malecon, which very much resembles the world famous Coney Island in 
New York except that it has not the proportions. Then, too, the number of English- 
speaking residents of Cuba has increased considerably during the past few years and 
the inability to speak Spanish is not the handicap to the present-day tourist that it 
was in years past. Today the number of Cubans speaking English is very large, and 
with its twelve months of sunshine, delightful breezes, and hospitable, fun-loving 
people, the Island is fast becoming what has always been said of it, “The Garden Spot 
of the World.” 


HAVANA TEMPLETE OPEN: The Havana “Templete,’ said to have been erected 
on the very site where the City of Havana was founded in 1519 by the Spaniard 


THE CUBA REVIEW 9 


Velasquez, was opened for inspection on November 16th, the only day in the year 
that it is to be viewed by the population of the city. Inside the Templete are to be 
found three celebrated paintings by the artist Escobar. These pictures depict the 
installation of the first Municipal Council in Cuba, the second and largest the cele- 
bration of the first mass that was held, and the third depicts the inauguration of the 


Chapel itself. 


POLITICAL SITUATION: Although to date no Presidential candidate has been 
formally declared, it is generally acquiesced that Dr. Alfredo Zayas, the candidate 
of«the National League, a fusion of the Conservative party, the Zayistas and some 
Liberals, who were strongly attached to Dr. Zayas, has won. The delay in making 
known the victorious candidate has been caused by reason of the fact that some of 
the Electoral Colleges had to take a second vote as some of the provisions of the new 
Crowder Electoral Law were not fully understood by the judges. From the claims 
of the two parties on the Island, it would seem that Cuba has eleven provinces instead 
of six, for the reason that the Liberals claim the victory in five of the six provinces and 
the National League makes claim on exactly the same amount of territory. The 
National League concedes the Province of Havana to the Liberals, claiming the 
victory on the rest of the Island, while the Liberals concede the Province of Santiago 
de Cuba to the National League, claiming the victory for the balance of the Island. 

The election was carried off quietly for the most part. In one or two small 
outlying towns disturbances were noted, but the Rural Guards were on hand and 
quickly quelled any attempt at disorders. 

Not content with the decision reached by the HBlectoral College, the Liberals have 
sent a commission to Washington to register a vigorous protest against the methods: 
of the National League in conducting the election. It is claimed that throughout 
the Island the soldiery of the Cuban Government, under the influence of the officers, 
intimidated the populace to such an extent that the Liberals were discouragd in the. 
idea of casting their votes and remained away from the polls, while the National 
League sympathizers were encouraged to cast their votes. This commission has 
represented to the Washington Government that it is the duty of the United States to 
cause another election to be held and this time under American supervision, for the 
purpose of ascertaining which candidate is to have the honor of conducting the 
affairs of the Island for the next four years. To date there is no indication that the 
xovernment of the United States will act on the representations of this committee of 
the Liberal party. It is a fact, however, that there is much dissatisfaction here over 
the result of the election. 


FINANCIAL SITUATION: The loan which it was contemplated that American 
bankers were to make to the Cuban Government in the amount of $100,000,000 did 
not mature, after having been reduced to $50,000,000 and then to $30,000,000. The 
explanation is vouchsafed that “diversity of interests” is the reason why the loan 
cannot be put through, and no little anxiety was felt when the announcement was 
made. The press has devoted columns to the financial situation, but, as far as we 
can learn, the question has never been picked to pieces in an orderly manner and the 
situation discussed calmly. In the first place, the general opinion is that one loan was 
to be made. To the contrary there were two Joans under consideration, one a loan 
from American bankers to Cuban banks, and the second a loan from American bankers 
to the Cuban Government, which latter funds were specified to be devoted to the 
financing of the coming sugar crop. The first loan has been called off for the reason 
mentioned above of “diversified interests” and the second is still pending for the reason, 
we are advised, that the election results in Cuba have not been finally announced. 
The explanation “diversity of interests” is rather vague and is generally considered 
to mean that the financial transactions of some of the banking institutions on the 


10 THE) OU BA Rae Ve a 


Island are not considered as having been undertaken with a view to the best interests 
of the respective banks. As for the loan to the Cuban Government, although no 
President has been declared to have been elected, Dr. Alfredo Zayas is undoubtedly 
the candidate who received the necessary votes to win, The question of why no 
President has been declared, however, is discussed in another paragraph of this letter. 


The suddenness of the putting into effect of the moratorium was most remarkable ; 
out of a perfectly clear sky the blow fell. A week before the moratorium was put in 
effect the prosperity of the Island was at its height. Prices were high with a splendid 
deiwand for commodities of every kind. Real estate had risen in leaps and bounds 
for the past six months, new enterprises were meeting with encouragement from’ all 
sources, building was going on in all parts of the city on an extensive scale; there 
was no evidence anywhere of unemployment, when on Thursday, October 7th, the 
rumor quickly spread over the City of Havana that a run was being experienced by 
three of the banks of the city. On the Sth one of the banks closed its doors and it is 
felt sure that the half day Saturday was the only thing that saved the other two 
banks from closing their doors also. Sunday, after a hurried conference with the 
President of the Republic, General Menocal, the moratorium was decreed and made 
effective on Monday, the 11th of October. It took business several days to realize 
that conditions had indeed changed. From extreme activity to absolute dullness 
took but the space of a day and the public awaited the solution of the trying problem. 


The first effect of the placing of the moratorium in force was evidenced in a 
general scramble for cash. Checks were not permitted in payment for bills due and 
the scarcity of money caused an immediate cessation of all business. Investigations 
were started, but little information was meted out to the public. Heads of banks 
made trips to the United States in an endeavor to raise funds for the relief of the 
banks here and, for a time, cash poured into the Island. It is estimated that about 
$35,000,000 was sent to Cuba and the baniks disbursed these funds to their depositors 
or loaned this money out subject to checking accounts without the bounds of the 
moratorium, 


The situation was relieved in a general way, but the chief concern of today is the 
restoration of normal conditions in order that legitimate business may secure funds 
for the carrying out of its projects now paralyzed. The Banco Espafiol de la Isla 
de Cuba, of which institution Sr. José Marimon is the President, has petitioned the 
President of the Republic for an extension of the moratorium, in an endeayor to 
straighten out its affairs. The Banco Internacional has made strenuous efforts in the 
last fortnight to interest local capital in its affairs and resume payment to its 
ereditors. As for the Banco Nacional de Cuba, at one time it was rumored that this 
bank had been purchased by Northern capital and that Sr. José Lopez Rodriguez, 
Chairman of the Board of Directors, had been forced to resign. Another rumor had it 
that the National City Bank of New York had purchased the Banco Nacional de Cuba. ~ 
It now seems that the Cuban Government is apt to take over the Banco Nacional de 
Cuba since it is the National Depository. This bank has always had large sums 
of money, against which sums the Government issued its checks and drafts. 


It is the consensus of opinion that the banks are not, at this time, in condition 
for the raising of the moratorium. Many advance the opinion that the moratorium 
should be raised gradually, extending same over a period of possibly three or four 
months and permitting those who wish to withdraw funds to do so in small amounts, 
the idea being that faith in the solvency of the banks will have been restored by that 
time. One thing is certain: President Menocal has decided not to extend the mora- 
torium, but will leave it to the Cuban Congress to take what measures they deem 
best. The Cuban Congress, which is supposed to convene the first Monday of Novem- 
ber, did not do so until Monday, November 22nd, with a full quorum, and are now 


THE CUBA REVIEW 11 


studying what measures will be adopted for the relief of the situation. An extension 
of the moratorium will not, we believe, relieve the situation. Sounder methods will 
have to be adopted if any good is to result. 


What will eventually be done in the matter is still withheld from the public, but 
even the public know enough of affairs in general to feel that some serious question 
of mismanagement has been the cause of the suspension of payment of their funds 
entrusted to these institutions for safekeeping. 


PORT CONGESTION: In spite of the fact that there are fewer vessels in the Bay 
of Havana today awaiting discharge and, also, the optimistic tone of the press in 
general, it is our impression that the port congestion of Havana shows little, if any, 
improvement. The question considered from the point of view of the steamship 
lines entering the port is somewhat complicated in view of the fact that, whereas 
formerly the removal of merchandise from the wharves was a question of warehouse 
space of the consignee to accommodate their merchandise, today, with the moratorium 
in effect and the consequent difficulty of merchants raising cash for the payment of 
drafts and duties on their very large importations, it is difficult to see wherein 
conditions have improved. 


The congestion dates back to January of this year. At that time an importer 
had placed an order with a house in the United States for a bill of goods. These 
goods were shipped, after some delay, and when they reached their port of embarkation 
they were held up on account of an embargo which the steamship company had 
placed in effect. In many eases, at this juncture, the shippers advised the consignee 
that they could secure space on a different steamship line to Cuba from another port 
and the consignee duplicated his order with the understanding that the goods would 
be despatched to Cuba immediately. 


This despatch was accomplished, but in many cases the goods came on some newly 
organized steamship service which had no wharf accommodations in Cuba and the 
ships remained in the bay awaiting berth, in some instances, and in still others 
awaiting barges to be made empty to accomplish their discharge. In the meantime 
the consignee of these goods was being called upon by his clientele to deliver the goods 
ordered. Prices were high and the prospects of splendid profits good, and the con- 
signee was assured by his representatives in the North that such and such a line had 
raised its embargo against Cuban ports and he permitted his agents to despatch a 
third order for the same goods by this line hoping to receive same promptly. In the 
meantime, the first and second orders placed by the consignee may have been delivered 
and his orders filled from these. Shortly after the moratorium was placed in effect 
his third order arrived in Havana and he found to his amazement that he was unable 
to arrange accommodation for the funds necessary to obtain this third shipment. 
And in this we have the most logical explanation, we think, for the condition of the 
bay today. Storage charges were assessed against his shipments on the wharves and 
this storage had to be added to the cost price of the goods. 


With the publication of the fall editions of catalogues this consignee was amazed 
to find that prices were quoted at from 10% to 25% reductions. He was caught with 
large stocks on hand, money very tight, and reductions of prices staring him in the 
face. Many consignees refused to accept delivery of their merchandise and drafts 
were reported by the banks as being unpaid. American exporters made hasty trips 
to Cuba to adjust matters and endeavored to induce their customers to accept these 
goods, but in many cases without results. 


To the logical mind it would seem that the farseeing American exporter should 
have been reluctant to ship to an importer three times the amount of merchandise 


12 TH. OU BA BEY Lbw 


; 


that this importer had been purchasing ordinarily. Surely the fact that the popula- 
tion had not increased in so short a time to these proportions was well known to the 
exporters; but the shipments were made, greatly overtaxing the ports of the Island 
and the people therein to assimilate the merchandise and, when the price fall came, 
the merchants were not prepared for the blow. This was the situation of the rice 
controversy over which there has been so much written and said. 

Today one of the principal steamship lines to the Island of Cuba has required 
that guarantees be furnished it to the effect that the consignee is in position to take 
immediate delivery of goods ordered before permission will be granted to ship. Much 
criticism was heaped on this steamship line when these guarantees were first de- 
manded, but today, thirty days after the imposition of the requirement, nothing but 
praise is heard for the attitude taken by this line that wishes to serve the publie and 
not collect abnormal storage charges from consignees not in position to accept delivery 
of their merchandise. 


SUGAR: In the two previous letters which we have written we predicted that 
the average price for the coming crop would be in the neighborhood of 10 to 12 cents, 
but indications now point to the attainment of a still lower average for the 1920-21 
crop. The recent low level of 5.275 cents reached in the United States, at which time 
considerable January and February delivery was offered with no takers, causes us to 
incline to the view that if the average for the coming crop reaches eight cents it will 
have done well in the face of the fact that there are now in Cuba some three hundred 
thousand tons of last year’s crop unsold, and the possibilities for the coming crop 
are in the neighborhood of five million tons, Allowing for the large stocks of sugar 
on hand in the United States, the material increase in the production of sugar in 
foreign countries this year, and the general price decline that has been experienced in 
all lines of business, we feel that eight cent sugar, as an average for the entire crop, 
is as high as may be expected. 

The growers on the Island have recently met and endeavored to organize them- 
selves for the purpose of holding their sugars for higher prices, but this will be very 
hard to attain for the simple reason that the banks of the Island are not in position 
to make the liberal loans this year that they were in years past. Of course, should 
the loan from American bankers to the Cuban Government be put through and this 
money be used solely for the aiding in financing this sugar crop, material assistance 
would be rendered the growers and producers in their efforts. The one issue that has 
caused consternation among the growers and producers has been the tremendous drop _ 
frem the highest level ever attained by Cuban sugars to the extremely low level 
attained in recent quotations. Those having money invested in sugar lands or centrals 
have been receiving splendid returns on their investments for the past four years. 
This year, however, after having made large purchases of machinery, ete., at the very 
peak of the high prices, to require that they accept less than eight cents for their 
sugar is going to mean that a complete readjustment take place. Let us bear in mind 
that when prices were high the average grower did not put his money away in banks 
to draw interest, but reinvested it in high-priced land and equipment with high 
expectations for the future. A look over the Island today will quickly confirm this 
statement. Where formerly the laborers lived in crude huts and the cane was hauled 
in antiquated ox-carts, today you will find splendid “barracones” are provided for 
the laborers (and substantial wage increases have been granted also) and modern 
tractors are hauling the cane to the mills for grinding. A marked improvement in 
the personnel of the centrals is also very evident. High salaried administrators have 
been installed, together with capable chemists and well organized offices, with first- 
class accommodations for all. Whereas, a few years ago four and five cent sugar 
rendered a substantial income on the investment represented in a sugar central. it 
will take, today, at least seven cent sugar to return the same proportional profit. 


THE CUBA REVIEW Ba 13 


A View of the Hills of Santiago. 


t 


Morro Castle, Santiago. 


VITAL STATISTICS IN HAVANA 


The vital statistics for 1919 in the dis- 
trict of Havana were as follows: births, 
4,471 boys and 3,991 girls of the white race 
and 739 boys and 707 girls of the black 
race, or a total of 9,908 births. Deaths 
were: 3,495 males and 2,234 females of 
the white race and 815 males and 1,085 
females of the negro race, or a total of 
7,629 deaths. There were 2,786 marriages 


among white persons and 337 marriages 
among negroes, giving a total of 3,123 
marriages. 


NEW HOTEL FOR CIENFUEGOS 


It is reported that the Urban Improve- 
ment Company at Cienfuegos proposes to 
construct a modern hotel in that city at 
an estimated cost of $295,060. 


14 TT EG 26 


UV BAS R HV sleuth: YW 


View 


of the Hills of Santi 


ago from Boniato Road. 


Morro Castle, Santiago de Cuba. 


PROPOSED FUEL-OIL STATION 
The establishment of a fuel-oil supply 
terminal at Punta Piedra, mile 
from Antilla, is being contemplated by a 


one-half 


company already established in Cuba. At 
that point the water has a shore depth of 
but 4 to 5 feet; 1,000 feet from shore the 
depth is 20 feet; 2,200 feet from shore it 
is, 22 feet. The 


two tanks of 


company plans to erect 


storage 59,030 barrels ca- 


pacity each, pump houses, and a dock to 
be at least 1,000 feet long. Vice Consul 
Buck states that this company is already 
established at Havana, Matanzas, Cien- 
fuegos, Manzanillo, Nuevitas, and Cienaga 
and Regla, the two latter places being just 
outside of Havana, and has 55,000-barrel 

It is said that simi- 
built at Santiago de 


tanks at each point. 


lar tanks will be 


Cuba. 


PoE Wr CU BoA Re EV 1 Ww: 15 


NUEVITAS 


By Consul John S. Calvert 


The Province of Camaguey (formerly Puerto Principe), which forms the 
Nuevitas consular district, is the second in size of the six provinces of Cuba, having 
an area of about 10,190 square miles. It is, however, the most thinly populated of 
them all. According to the 1907 census it ranked sixth in population, with 118,000 
people, of whom 91.8 per cent. were Cubans, 7.1 per cent. Spaniards, and 1.6 per cent. 
of other nationalities. In race 81.7 per cent. were white, and 18.8 per cent. negro. 
The present population is estimated at about 200,000, with the foreign element, 
especially that composed of other West Indians, proportionately larger. The capital, 
Camaguey, has now about 35,000 people, Ciego de Avila, the second town, about 
15,000, and Nuevitas and Moron between 5,000 and 10,000. 

Camaguey is located inland, 45 miles by rail from Nuevitas, which latter town 
bas become one of the most important sugar-exporting ports on the island, and bids 
fair to become in the immediate future one of the two or three leading ports in this 
regard. The district was formerly noted for cattle raising, but within the past half 
dozen years the raising of sugar cane and the grinding of it into raw sugar has be- 
come the important industry. Nuevitas has no other important manufacturing in- 
dustries, and it imports practically everything consumed. 


ALTITUDH THMPHRS THH HHAT IN THIS DISTRICT 

The greater part of the district is a central plain several hundred feet above 
sea level. The climate is tropical and insular, and the heat, while not extreme for 
the tropics, extends throughout the year, there being very few days which are really 
eool. The mean temperature for the year at Camaguey City is 77.3° F. The rainy 
season usually occurs during May and the summer months, but even at other seasons 
there is considerable humidity in the atmosphere. At Nuevitas the prevailing wind 
is northeast. 

The customs and manners of the district are those of Latin America, influenced, 
to a certain degree, by its proximity to the United States. The standards of living 
ereate a demand for the better grades of food and clothing, and, to some extent, 
luxuries. Houses are generally of the one-story type, and not modern in their 


arrangements. 
UNITED STATES FIRST IN TRADE WITH NUEVITAS 

The Nuevitas district has always enjoyed a large trade with the United States, 
this country taking most of its exported products, and furnishing the larger share 
of its imports. Since the outbreak of the Huropean war, however, owing to. the 
restricted production in Huropean lands and the difficulties of transportation, the 
United States has practically absorbed the import trade of the district in all com- 
petitive lines, and takes all of its exports, except such raw sugar as is now by 
arrangement exported to the United Kingdom. 

For instance, during: the calendar year 1918, of the total value of imports 
through the port of Nueyitas, amounting to $2,946,875, according to custom house 
figures, $2,816,461 represented American goods, and the balance, $130,414, repre- 
sented imports from foreign countries by way of the United States. Of these trans- 
shipped goods, Spain and England furnished the larger portion, which consisted 
mostly of wine and canned goods from Spain, and jute sacks from England (British 
India). 

. In 1913, the last pre-war year, $867,716 of the total imports of $1,155,262 came 
from the United States, $152,831 from Great Britain, $27,169 from Spain, $255 from 
other countries, and $107,291 from foreign countries shipping through American 


ports. At that time a certain, though not considerable, amount of foreign goods 


16 THe OU) BA RV) LEW 


imported through the United States, consisted of sugar machinery from France and 
Germany. 
PRINCIPAL IMPORTS FROM ALL COUNTRIES 


Detailed statistics of imports for the calendar year 1918 are not as yet available. 
In lieu of this, the figures for the principal imports in 1917, and the preceding year, 
are given below. It is understood that the imports during 1918 as respects articles 
and quantities are very much the same as those for the two preceding years, any 
differences being due to the war-time control over exports exercised by the United 
States Government: 


1916 1917 
Articles. 
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. 

Harm IUIplemMondts, Oss sens sive ects vcusi« sie 7,829 $6,119 15,169 $13,945 
Goal Anthracite GOOSi. 26 acto seins 2h a oie c-dye,s)y sis 20 62 40,953 210,968 
Lumber, pine, not planed, M feet............... 1,628 19,342 2,745 82,561 
Garment Oarreldel fs o.s coe nets inhib Sus eidlessuste 22,588 30,482 26,728 41,327 
Oilevretinedwallongsorc weeics cies eet lens Behe faisia¢ 13,485 3,110 145,094 41,075 
Iron and steel: 

ison Dare and! TOOS, KUGs cs abet a ew tee circ e 24,609 1,437 857,918 66,004 

Iron plates and sheets, kilos............... 243,435 24,170 227,914 37,097 

Steel rails, kilos 1,931,642 59,485 3,382,977 246,340 
BROS TIS aso ater ce oranetn eho sere sieisine, aiaietolitiarelcl is 34,773 12,632 59,382 29,028 
BN SATB MRCS e Aree Se eae tee sicis. cebne aie ook bud ate Sic) ane 54,398 5,806 271,479 25,097 
Papesand AGhings WOR, 5 ae ace vier me sine om elsi el ace 180,266 14,660 568,365 62,294 
@lothing; ready-made; lalos) 0. i. es oa one 57,809 84,275 48,735 98,717 
Brean DALR NOS crete hia. Oe sia ries eukcete br ousliSie lave cies 315,890 66,477 153,399 41,150 
Hecate, WVOUGEN TATION fem nite hc c a clasts eielemes 296,735 47,438 271,341 53,022 

oes: 

WWPOIIS ABINSs oistersitnr ele tie siete (eer e akehe awe een te 41,799 87,760 45,224 105,465 

WKOIeniia mins olen 20 (tat ct Sie ea ctlstgdis scion 21,585 31,620 20,704 42,039 

GUUS OTA DRLTA A Aare Pais tatcaasreteiate yee a 4,056 3,286 10,747 11,239 

} 1916 1917 
Articles. 
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. 

Machinery: 

Sugar mill and accessories, kilos............ 1,240,795 $100,942 423,373 $82,088 

LSC hniGHlsskcLLOst irre cts cease cee ausid oars 13,766 7,909 63,873 32,710 

MG COMOLI CS MEGS nc score Soong cates We seaeawre 11,503 2,876 30,333 13,834 

GASES EU arc es A a I nich, Se tater t ones 112,164 32,409 374,941 116,284 
Vehicles: 

SGaches Bd ACCESIODIES a-ha soto teh che, choir ajeds ale cteate mc susie: e BOS sors no rons 51,634 

PATON DUC cme eI es ie ie se ame eae eee rey cea E oils cal apeeate Sale Na sucpate eae ahehels 38 17,665 

OU Sat ep fal LoS ae oe a aed oe en a UM aS 37,984 4,211 190,333 26,043 
Meat, and meat products: 

FUSE OUC SWIELOR = 5. ttints ths a oust bearers a, 316,122 66,055 289,135 . 80,040 

Piggrred Mite ee Shee ek oe tesraicombare oe celee oy 212,569 25,007 118,263 20,632 
Wihest Housroanrelss. «cic an ecrisr tue wtimiaseeions 10,203 59,892 11,125 112,832 
Potatoes slalosnccrc ers vars a rato te erate oiere ys 609,645 28,980 634,009 44,723 
Coles pounds e ences: caierren tor elobeisiave.o< cueryatc 43,125 6,404 143,379 20,815 


MANY IMPORTED GOODS RECEIVED FROM HABANA 

The figures given for 1918 and 1913 were taken from the records of the Nuevitas 
custom house, and those for 1916 and 1917 from an annual publication of the Cuban 
Treasury Department. They do not furnish, however, a complete index to the trade 
of this district for the reason that it has always been customary to rely upon 
Habana, and to a smaller extent Santiago, to supply the needs of the Province in 
certain lines. A great part of the merchandise brought from Habana by coastwise 
steamer consists of transshiped goods that are entered at the Nuevitas custom 
house, but it has been found impossible to obtain data with respect to the move- 
ment by rail. Generally speaking, however, it may be said that the bulk of the - 
foodstuffs—fiour, lard, hams, bacon, potatoes, etc—and coal, cement, and lumber, 
are imported via Nuevitas. The United States has always furnished most of these 
goods. The same is true in regard to hardware, steel rails, and machinery, although 
the heavy sugar-mill machinery, which has only been imported to any great extent 
since the outbreak of the war coincident with the development of this Province as 
a sugar producer, is mostly brought in via the Key West-Habana Rail Ferry, being 
handled through without breaking bulk. Naturally most of this machinery comes 
from the United States. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 17 


Textile goods, with the exception of men’s cotton clothing, are mainly purchased 
in Habana, and since the outbreak of the war American textiles have been sold in 
increasing quantities and have held a commanding position in that trade. It is esti- 
mated that there are 500,000 Spaniards on the island of Cuba. The wholesale and 
retail trade is virtually in their hands, and they favor European, particularly Span- 
ish, textile goods, their purchases of the American article so far having been 
-apparently chiefly due to their inability to obtain textiles from the former sources. 


American shoes have bettered their hold on the market, and it is very rare that 
other imported shoes are seen. American automobiles and trucks monopolize the 
trade to its limited extent, as do also American railroad equipment and structural 
material, sewing machines, typewriters, ete. 


PRODUCTS EXPORTED THROUGH NUEVITAS AND HABANA 

Since the war Camaguey Province has become an important sugar-producing 
section. Prior to that time there were only a few mills, and the Province was noted 
chiefly for cattle raising. Native beef has never been exported, being consumed 
locally, nor have hides or other animal products found an exit to any extent through 
the port of Nuevitas. The amount of products other than sugar and molasses 
shipped from that port is almost negligible, the exports consisting mainly of grape- 
fruit, grown by American colonists in this district, with occasional shipments of 
honey, tortoise shell, and glue stock. 

The bulk of the hides exported from Cuba are shipped through the port of 
Habana. In the fiscal year 1913-14 their value was $2,530,132, of which $1,514,084 
represented hides sent to Germany and $884,944 to the United States. In the fiscal 
year 1916-17 the entire exports, valued at $3,151,378, were taken by the United 
States, Germany being out of the market. While no statistics covering the point 
exist, it is assumed that a large proportion of these hides came from Camaguey 
Province, as that Province has long been the most important cattle-raising district 


of the island. 


SUGAR THE CHIEF EXPORT FROM NUEVITAS 

The value of exports from Nuevitas during 1918 totaled about $23,000,000, ship- 
ments consisting almost entirely of sugar, of which nearly $16,000,000 worth was: 
sent to the United States and the balance to the United Kingdom. The figures for 
the United States are the values declared at the consulate, but those for the United 
Kingdom are based on information received from various sources, as no exact 
statistics are available. A comparison of values and countries of destination for 
the years 1913 and 1918 shows the following: 


United United 
Year. States. Kingdom. Germany. Total. 
Smet eres eile cusrcune acre. sus)io (a ave ocd ewes 6 mndianecd eee $12323: 0008 e ate ee $1,323 $1,324,323 
US eaters faeces ive btsiene areieiSinnenavetew ete ee aae 15,908,374 EXAMUOKNN SS gon ne cone woe 22,908,374 


Based on a $7,000,000 valuation, a 325-pound bag, and an f. o. b. price of $4.60 
a hundred pounds, there were 468,227 bags of sugar, 152,173,913 pounds exported to 
the United Kingdom, as compared with 1,046,051 bags, or 339,966,786 pounds, ex- 
ported to the United States. There were also about 80,000 gallons of molasses, a 
small shipment of honey, and some tortoise shell exported to the United Kingdom. 


RAPID INCREASE IN SHIPMENTS FROM NUBVITAS 
The increase in the shipment of all these products appears in the following table 
of the declared exports to the United States in the calendar year 1918 and also in 
the last five months of the year 1917, covering the period since the establishment 


of this consulate in August, 1917: 


18 ES ARS) Ce Se eR MT eV le ree VM 


; Aug. 1 to Dee. 31, 1917. 1918 
Articles. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. 

GGA POMNOS cht oh Peat is terers Oh cle cis aye oh ake cic ete ralh sie rae ate inee Mee ai aoe 4,614 $1,612 
KcdGonit MUuMbEer:.....ie ces aro cea.ds eee 33,100 $819 3,502 88 
ASHE ADOUDGS ...-:- urs Pela tenis sar tiee eareac cere oe 14,413 1, OOO .' «ats 0 cveveveibre’a'pias 6, onstaievet eee 
CSlup BLOCK. DOUNGE rcs mie 2 -\s o> ws/s cles lade ats 25,201 659 22,349 871 
Grapefruit, boxes of 244 cubic feet.............. 599 719 18,666 43,271 
RTONEY pPRUONE Seren ey kos 5.50  caehs Aerelaiete cate 3,350 3,927 18,716 34,333 
MAINES MOOG UGE: (OLLIIG) o's x sip sib'n ore acdh Mensa Wane leavers tetorwtale < hectcros it) Aer ne oo se. 
NT CN EERSGET  PPRE ESD USS SR oy ce co Tce pal MiGs eris od Oo RDe Bre Berea in Sn aa ore Beare 5 aaah ole a rious 6,630,000 278,250 
PAU UFO UIIICIS sede oie Sue sin dase acre Ee Rete cyst 27,523,925 1,443,871 339,966,786 15,501,761 
PLORLOME AMELIE DOUNOS. ious ce ciabie es socio «te 2,017 16,226 5,037 33,389 
etetleaUIOLOr . ais ca en as ale ree me stra laicees 65 420)... oc aides 9 0 wehbe Okie et 

FOES 3.2: ort ours ea tenes in tty cteia thee een Oey Unk vast tnee DAG TU BOS saw cress ae tee veers 15,893,575 


The Nuevitas custom house statistics for the entire calendar year 1917 showed 
the value of exports to the United States to be $4,242,222, and that of shipments to 
the United Kingdom, $1,665,817. The value of the exports from Nuevitas to the 
United States in the calendar year 1918 amounted to $11,651,355 more than those 
ef 1917, representing a gain of 274 per cent. 

It will be noted that Nuevitas has rapidly increased in importance as a port 
of exit for sugar. The estimate for exportation in 1919 is 3,000,000 bags, which 
would put Nuevitas in second or third place among sugar ports of fhe island. 


SHIPPING AND INLAND TRANSPORTATION 

The district is served by ships that enter its ports and by railroad from Habana, 
Santiago, and other cities of the island. The Munson Steamship Line maintains a 
regular freight service, New York to Nuevitas, and from Mobile to Nuevitas. 
Full cargo carriers also bring coal and lumber, and, together with ships 
that come in ballast, move the raw sugar of the district from its ports, Nuevitas, 
Jucaro, Santa Cruz del Sur, and San Fernando. There is some traffic by small sail- 
ing vessels along the coast, and coastwise steamers from Habana to Santiago make 
regular calls. 

The railroad line of the Cuba Railroad Co. traverses the Province from east to 
west, forming a link in the Habana-Santiago line, a branch from Nuevitas to 
Camaguey connecting the port with the main line. The Cuba Northern Railroad 
has recently completed its line along the north coast from Nuevitas to Moron, from 
which place there is a line to Ciego de Avila which extends to the south coast at 
Jucaro. The sugar mills usually have their short-line railroads covering the ter- 
ritory which they serve. 


PORT MOVEMENT AT NUEVITAS 
The following statement shows the port movement for 1918 as taken from rec- 
ords kept in the consulate. These figures do not include coastwise traffic: 


Ships entered: . Number 
Rota AmMBriGan POTS. 255-5 «sss cious erekeee elgg twos PP rale'lals secede Share 70 
Hrom other. ports. (mostly: Cuban ys. (ios ois ole-e Sis ws miss oslo « 2 oii 70 
WVALE eSeme ral \CATLO’ Siete lettin oais one sele, aye ne Sieg eoetaielt ioneahele se raaye) ease 23 
BWA atc LY COANE ocd eve elon c verre hv oiewe. ye ualie the: tahizyerebe ol ane sr aneuanllayteyaneca ts. syste erapane ts oo en Estee ae a a 16 
AV a atell |b 60010723 Gee OE I A COD RIS Hips Cir baba ou iCho 18 
hiv lets One eo Re OSU OMAR RAD BOO OGIO. Cuoco: Se 

Ships cleared: ' 
WMGTEPATINCLICAD, DOLLS) .2 s,< sc yaceeitetee- sie evetel © ate tokens steele veg ee teres ee eet ea 95 
Momeereat Britain = «2-1 le oko tenets: steieesetehegare Clee eee eae ee 19 
Kor other ports (mostly Cubam) <2. onc ces oo eee cae oe nls sna enn oie le 26 
With general cargo (mostly sugar) .......... eee eee eee eee ee eee renee 22, 
MMAPROSUISAT «ee coe ooo wee tate enna bea te aan ss ae te 71 
NUPRIETMOIASSCS . . . . «2 =o 2 0 e 2/brn ore one nen ne ate eee eee eee eee eee 16, 


MGMANASt 2... ee re eo wee ole. elena dels else Reet elele ale tete iets nett teas 40 


THE CUBA REVIEW 19 


The Cuban Government records show totals of 80 vessels entered and 67 cleared 
in 1917 against the 140 entered and 140 cleared, as indicated above, in 1918. 


PORT FACILITIES AND RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION 


The terminals and docks at Nuevitas are owned by railroad companies. In recent 
years, the Cuba Railroad, after purchasing the line from Camaguey to Nuevitas, 
has extended it some three miles to Pastelillo, a little farther out on the coast of the 
bay, and has built there excellent terminal facilities, completing, in 1918, yard 
and warehouse accommodations for 280,000 bags of sugar. This capacity has since 
been increased. There are three docks, sufficient to accommodate half a dozen 
steamers, and by dredging, 27 feet of water has been obtained at the docks. Three 
large molasses tanks were installed, and work has now been commenced by an 
American oil company on the construction of tanks for fuel oil. 


To the completion of this terminal is due the present importance of Nuevitas 
as a sugar-exporting point, as it was formerly a lighter port. An increasingly larger 
share of the sugar grown and ground on the main line of the Cuba Railroad finds 
exit through Nuevitas, the apparently logical port for a considerable extent of ter- 
ritory. The Cuba Railroad did not engage in the construction of any new railroad 
line in the district during the year. This railroad is an American owned and man- 
aged corporation. 


NEW COAST RAILWAY 


During the year work proceeded on the construction of the Cuba Northern 
Railroad, familiarly known as the North Coast Railroad, and its line was completed 
from Moron along the coast to Nuevitas in the spring of 1919. This road was built 
by Cuban interests, and was rather heavily subsidized by the Government. It is 
understood that it will eventually construct a line from Moron to Caibarien, and it 
already has a branch connecting Moron with the main line of the Cuba Railroad at 
Ciego de Avila. Its operation will serve to bring sugar for export through Nuevitas 
from the territory around Moron and the western part of Camaguey Province. This 
movement started in the spring of 1919. The road will also open up a section of 
Cuba which has been hitherto practically untouched. A considerable amount of 
timber will be reached, but the greatest development is expected in sugar, large 
enterprises being already on foot to plant cane and build mills along the line. 


At Punta Tarafa (formerly Punta Guira), 1% miles from Nuevitas, the Cuba 
Northern has constructed extensive terminal facilities, with concrete docks and 
warehouses. At present there is not sufficient water at the docks for vessels to load 
there, and during the spring and summer of 1919 such sugar as was handled was 
loaded. from lighters. The Cuban Government has undertaken, however, to dredge 
for a sufficient depth at the docks and to deepen and straighten the channel which 
leads to them. 


DOCKS AND TERMINALS OWNED BY RAILWAYS 


It will be seen that the two railroads own the docks and the terminals at 
Nuevitas. There is no individual enterprise that caters particularly to the needs 
of shipping. Coal is not for sale except by the railroad, as a matter of occasional 
accommodation. Water must also be obtained in the same way, and it is rather 
expensive, being brought in by tank cars. The water used locally is caught in cis- 
terns. There is no ship chandlery in the small town of Nuevitas. 


There is plenty of water in the bay, but the entrance is long and narrow, aud 
pilots will not bring in ocean steamers at night. The current makes one or two 
places rather dangerous, although the worst spot, where one steamer went ashore 
during the year, could probably be rendered safe by blowing up a rock there. Ample 
protection and sea room are found in the bay itself. 


20 THOR Ow BuAy Robey Tonew 


SUGAR PRODUCTION 

The principal agricultural product of the district is sugar cane. In 19138, this 
section produced only 171,000 tons of the island’s total production of 2,429,240 tons, 
while in 1918 the ‘crop was 470,000 tons of the total production of 3,444,605 tons. 
For the 1919 season it was estimated that 5,635,000 bags would be produced, which 
would leave the district only slightly surpassed by Santa Clara and Oriente Proy- 
inces as sugar producers. The estimate for 1919 has now been almost reached. 

The cane is ground by local mills and exported in the form of raw sugar and 
molasses. The grinding at some mills starts in November, but grinding begins 
usually in December, and continues subject to conditions connected with the coming 
of the rainy season until the close of the following spring, summer, or early fall. 
The cane is hauled to the mill by high-wheeled oxecarts, and by the short-line rail- 
roads which the mills maintain. In this district most of the fields are new, and the 
stumps, which were left standing, have not had time to rot away. This is said to 
militate against the employment of tractors, of which there are very few. The 
unimproved roads make hauling difficult in the rainy season. There was very 
little rain during 1918, and the grinding in most places continued until the crop was 
finished. 

CATTLE RAISING 


This district, the Province of Camaguey, has always been considered the fore 
most cattle-raising district of the island, but statistics on this point do not seem to 
be available. However, according to the census of 1907, there were 2,579,492 head 
of cattle in Cuba, and it is probable that there are now well over 3,000,000 head, 
a large number of which are found in this district. The central plain furnishes 
good grazing land for cattle, and there is still much of it available which has not 
been taken for sugar. The extension of the sugar industry, however, naturally 
reduces the extent of pasturage from year to year, 

Cattle, except such as are slaughtered locally, are shipped on the hoof to the 
Habana market, that market governing the prices. Most of the hides and other 
by-products also find their way to Habana for export. A very modern meat-freezing 
and packing plant was completed at Camaguey during the year 1918, but it closed 
down after operating only a few months and has not since been opened. With the 
exception of milk sold locally by individuals, there is practically no dairying in- 
dustry. Very little cheese is made, and no butter. Eggs are largely imported from 
New York. 


AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS 

Very little else besides sugar cane is raised in this district, the principal vege- 
table products being squash and sweet potatoes. Cabbages, beans, peas, and other 
vegetables are imported to a great extent from the United States, and most of the 
fresh vegetables obtainable from local sources are raised by Chinamen who have 
settled near two or three of the larger towns. 

Grapefruit, oranges, bananas, pineapples, mangoes, and a few other fruits are 
obtainable in season. Grapefruit is the only fruit raised for export, and it is grown 
only by American colonists of the district, mainly at La Gloria, Ceballos, and one 
or two places near Nuevitas. There is no local market for this fruit, which is all 
shipped to New York by steamer from Nuevitas. During 1918 the import restric- 
tions of the United States Government affected this industry adversely. In the vicin- 
ity of Nuevitas, on the mainland, and on the key called Cayo Romano, some henequen 
is grown, and shipped to Matanzas for manufacture there. 


MANUFACTURING AND MINING 
With the exception of the 24 sugar mills, which grind the cane jnto crude sugar 


THE CUBA REVIEW 21 


and molasses, there are no large industrial plants in the district at present. There 
are, however, on a small scale, a condensed-milk factory and a few soap, match, 
bottling, and henequen factories, brick yards, sawmills, and tanneries. 

Although it is understood that there are some valuable deposits of copper, 
chrome, nickel, and other ores in the Province, similar to those that have been de 
veloped in Oriente Province, they have not so far been worked on any considerable 
scale. Reports on these fields have been made and published by the United States 
Geological Survey. A reason for the delayed interest in this locality is the lack of 
adequate transportation facilities. 


TIMBER AND FISHERIES 

Mahogany, cedar, and other woods are found in the district. At present around 
Nuevitas and Camaguey there is not much timber available for export, but it is 
understood that some mahogany is now being exported from the port of Santa Cruz 
del Sur, on the southern coast of the Province. There is reported to be much timber 
on the newly opened line of the Cuban Northern Railway, between Moron and 
Nuevitas, which will eventually be taken out and marketed. 

While fish are plentiful and of good variety near Nuevitas, fishing has never, 
_ heretofore, been engaged in on a large commercial scale. Recently a group of indi- 
viduals from Caibarien have started in the business at Nuevitas, and the industry 
should soon develop beyond the individual fisherman stage. There is a good demand 
for fish in the interior of the island, and the recent completion of an ice plant at 
Nuevitas makes it possible to ship them with better results. 


TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE 

The telegraph lines are owned and operated by the Government in connection 
with the postal service. The rates are based on the number of Provinces crossed 
by the message, being, for instance, 2 cents a word (counting address ‘and signature) 
for towns within the Province or in the adjoining Province, and 3 cents a word on 
messages destined for Habana or towns at a similar distance. Except at Camaguey, 
telephone offices are not open at night, the one at Nuevitas closing at 10 p. m. 

There are no cable offices in the district, cablegrams being routed either by 
Cienfuegos or Habana. To the cable toll a charge of 4 cents a word for the land 
service is added. There are no wireless stations in the district at present, except 
a small one operated by United States Marines now stationed at Camaguey. 

~ The Cuban Telephone Co. of Habana has lines in the Province, so it is possible 
to make long-distance calls from Nuevitas and other points to the cities of the 
island. This company has also a local city service at Camaguey and at Ciego de 
Avila. At Nuevitas there is a local telephone system, just put into operation. 
BANKING FACILITIES 

The National Bank of Cuba, the Royal Bank of Canada, and the Spanish Bank 
of the Island of Cuba have for some time served this district, having branches at 
Camaguey City and at several of the larger towns (Bank of Canada and Spanish 
Bank only at Nuevitas). The National City Bank of New York has recently entered 
the field, establishing a branch at Camaguey. There is also an agricultural bank 
at that city. 


IMMIGRATION IN 1919 as against 10,640 in 1918: Chinese, 1,236, 

During 1919 the total number of im- as against 237 in 1918; Americans, 1,227, 

migrants to Cuba was 80,485, as agaimst ag, against 771 in 1918: Porto Ricans, 

a= 2 s . 3 = ? 3 

seal Hl ARES, Oe ait peers fells, 1,005, as against 395 in 1918; English, 
Immigrants of the following nationalities 5 ees : 

745, aS against 256 in 1918; Mexicans, 263, 


entered Cuba: Spaniards, 39,573, as 
against 14,292 in 1918; Jamaicans, 24,187, aS against 244 in 1918; and French, 188, 


as against 9,184 in 1918; Haitians, 10,044, as against 118 in 1918. 


22 THE CUBA REVIEW 


CUBAN COMMERCIAL MATTERS 


EXTENSION OF PROHIBITION ON 
IMPORTATION OF RICE 


The Cuban prohibition on the impor- 
tation of rice has been extended to March 
31, 1921, by a decree of November 19th. 
(The former prohibition on the importa- 
tion of rice was to be in effect until Janu- 
ary, 1921.) This new decree differs from 
the old one only in the text of article 6. 
The decree cannot annul itself auto- 
matically, and the shipper is not respon- 
sible for the clearance of docks, as pro- 
vided for by the original article 6. Ac- 
‘cording to article 6 of the new decree, the 
right of annulment is reserved to the 
President, 


CUBA AS A MARKET FOR ELECTRICAL 
FIXTURES 

Cuba is an important field for the sale 
of electrical fixtures because of the in- 
creasing use of electricity on the island 
and of the comparatively slight develop- 
ment of the trade there up to the present, 
according to the Foreign Trade Bureau 
of the Guaranty Trust Company of New 
York. Moreover, physical and social re- 
lations between Cuba and the United 
States tend to make the latter the 
natural source of supplies. Before the 
war the United States furnished more 
than three-fourths of Cuba’s electrical 
supplies, and all of them during the 
war. With the elimination of German 
rivalry, there is now no important com- 
petition, and with right methods the 
United States should continue to control 
the market for these goods. 

The largest cities, including Havana, 
Cienfuegos, Santiago and Matanzas, are 
the best fields for the development of 
electrical trade. Day service as well as 
night current is furnished in them alone. 
The trade in Havana has been most high- 
ly developed and this city is practically the 
only one where both electrical fixtures and 
combination gas and electric fixtures are 
in demand. The other localities have no 
gas plants and therefore use fixtures de- 
signed only for electricity. The varicus 


sugar estates have their own electric 
power plants which furnish electricty for 
the sugar mills and also for the homes in 
their vicinities. 

In the smaller cities, the fixtures used 
in the illumination of houses and stores 
commonly consist of drop lights with re- 


flectors. The fixtures should be suitable 
for high ceilings, and for store use 


especially, and should be capable of light- 
ing large spaces. In the larger localities 
some kind of chandelier is generally used, 
and the most popular is that covered with 
crystal. The two-arm or four- 
arm pendant is in common use, with the 
arms and ceiling rod covered with glass 
and often different sorts of glass orna- 
ments. 

More elaborate fixtures are found in the 
homes of the well-to-do, and in hotels and 


glass or 


clubs. The designs vary widely accord- 
ing to the purchasing power and. taste 


of the buyers. Most are made of crystal 
or crystal and bronze. Cubans are yery 
fond of the ornate types of fixtures sur- 
rounded with ropes of crystal and numer- 
ous diamond or pencil shaped pendants, 
etc. American designs are said to be 
suitable to Cuban trade, but our dealers 
must meet competition in price from the 
Spanish dealers. 

Supply dealers in Havana are pushing 
the sale of American domes, indirect and 
semi-indirect fixtures and table lamps. 

There are practically no manufacturers 
of electrical goods in Cuba, and only a few 
minor concerns there make chandeliers 
and drop lights. 

Fixtures for store use are very crude 
in most places, and the buildings are old- 
fashioned. The merchants on the whole 
have been conservative about the intro- 
duction of modern fixtures. The newer 
stores, however, are using well-designed 
fixtures. Show-window lighting has been 
slow to develop. 

Street lighting fixtures should find valu- 
able markets in Cuba as many cities there 
are installing electric street lighting 
systems for the first time. Other cities 
are bringing their antiquated systems up- 


THE CUBA REVIEW 23 


CUBAN COMMERCIAL 


to-date. Havana should be an especially 
good market, for this municipality is pro- 
viding electric lights on all streets. Fine 
hundred watt gas-filled incandescent 
lamps have been substituted for the are 
lamps previously used in some streets. 
The are lamps are mounted in the hoods 
from which other mechanism has been 
‘removed, instead of purchases of new 
fixtures being made for this purpose. 
Bracket arms are used to suspend the 
lamps to distribute the light as evenly as 
possible. 

Sign lighting is scarcely known in Cuba 
outside of Havana and Santiago, but such 
of this equipment as is used is imported 
from the United States. The market is 
comparatively small therefore, but fairly 
constant and should afford reasonable 
development. 


FPlectric fans are much used in season. 
In stores and restaurants the ceiling fan 
is most used, and because of the high 
ceilings an extra length pipe must be fur- 
nished. Any but the plain type of pipes 
must be imported. Wall or desk fans of 
12 and 16 inch sizes are most common, but 
the market for 6 inch sizes is growing. 
American fans are popular, and the de- 
mand, especially for those not finished in 
the ordinary black enamel, is increasing. 


CUBAN MARKET FOR SOUTHERN PITCH 
PINE AND HARDWOOD 


Consul Frank Bohr, Cienfuegos, writes 
as follows regarding the Cuban market 
for Southern pitch pine and hardwood: 

There has been for some years a con- 
siderable market for pitch pine in Cien- 
fuegos which at present seems to be even 
increasing. The supply has been imported 
mostly by schooners from different ports 
of the Gulf of Mexico, but recently ship- 
ments have also been received from Jack- 
sonville, Fla. In the past, lumber was 
also received from different Canadian 
ports. In addition to pitch pine, limited 


MATTERS 


quantities of cypress lumber are also used 
in this district. The following table gives 
the quantity and value vf imports of plain 
undressed lumber during recent years at 
the port of Cienfuegos. In addition to 
this, considerable lumber is also imported 
through Caibarien and Sagua la Grande, 
which ports are also in this consular 


district : 
Thousand 
Year Feet Value 
1912-13 (fiscal year)..... 2,039 $29,104 
ODS Sesh (aes ane es SOR eieeaab 9,791 253,465 
OT ON Ae Se Pees Bor a Taare Shia 8,100 220,534 
1920 (first six months)... 5,602 200,134 


There is practically no market here for 
American hardwood, the limited demand 
of the local furniture makers being amply 
supplied by native hardwood varieties. 

No regulations which limit the use of 
pitch-pine lumber are known to this con- 
sulate. The recent increased importa- 
tions are understood to be in anticipation 
of the program for the construction of 
new office and residence buildings in this 
and other cities in this district. This 
program is believed to have been delayed 
because of the uncertainty of the labor 
situation and of the high prices of build- 
ing materials—rough lumber selling at 
about $100 a thousand, cement at $10 a 
barrel, and bricks at $50 a thousand.’ 


COTTON PIECE GOODS 


The following table shows the October 
shipments to Cuba of British cotton piece 
goods: 

1918 


2,553,400 yards 


1919 
2,662,000 yards 


EXPORTS OF PEANUTS TO CUBA 


Export of peanuts from the United 
States to Cuba during the calendar year 
1919 amounted to 747,593 pounds valued 
at $107,589. 


24 THE CUBA REVITEHW 


CUBAN COMMERCIAL MATTERS 


BRITISH TRADE WITH CUBA 

Returns of Great Britain’s trade with Cuba during the first quarter of 1920 dis- 
close that imports from Cuba, when compared with the corresponding period of 1919, 
showed an increase of $7,000,000. 

Compared with January-March, 1913, the value of Cuban imports increased to 
ten times their value in 1915 

The value of imports from Cuba into the United Kingdom during January-March, 
1918, 1919, and 1920 is shown in the following statement (conversions to American 
currency made at the normal rate of S$4.S665) : 

January-Mareh— 
1913 1919 1920 
Imported: from, Cuba? ws... see ss; a 52,187,132 $15,836,112 $22,792,131 
The following table shows the exports to Cuba from the United Kingdom during 


January-March, 1913, 1919, and 1920: 


January-Mareh— 
1913 1919 1920 
Exported to Cuba................$2,669,694 $2,062,462 $5,449,351 


EXPORTS OF MACHINERY TO CUBA 

The tables below, showing the domestic exports of machinery from the United 
States to Cuba during August, 1920, were prepared by the Statistical Division of the 
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 

Jxports of cotton carding and spinning machinery to Cuba during August amounted 
to $2,040. 

The following table shows the value of the domestic exports of lathes, other 
machine tools, sharpening and grinding machines, and all other metal-working ma- 
chinery from the United States to Cuba during August, 1920: 


PEIN CS chasse atecbotenetevalerds ora ehelareloreie © eeorits Beane aya eveteretetsla aie Mr Roe aie netehena $8,068 
OLHerMNnAEHINELTOOILS. Croce wc, sietece ios Guster ate eels we oa tial ahaa eons 41,208 
Sharpening ang erin Ging MACHINES sh. sos oe ene e ie cuektetee ers onre 14,874 
AMS OLIN EIS «oie chcraie ees ore Ve wucks, stsnatshe ge) dininre. cus Grease a iaiet? Ghebatele syenntey eters 23,420 


Exports of excavating machinery to Cuba during August were valued at $1,971. 
There were $10,028 worth of air-compressing machinery shipped to Cuba- during 
the month. 
Domestic exports of refrigerating machinery to Cuba amounted to $46,460. 
Below is a table showing the shipments of mining machinery to Cuba from the 
United States during the month under review: 
OU WEE aioe rates aie Stepete, «> 5 sn nie renewed craw tanslel evaveke ee ye vsigencties tee ais $14,908 
FAM AOBIOT aire ce Petere Pavese.an nies cecal saya) eosin rerum er ese touis reltn ake athe See perce eres 44,284 
Pumps and pumping machinery valued at $112,202 were exported from the United 
States to Cuba during the month of August. 


LEATHER EXPORTS FROM SPAIN TO CUBA 
Spanish exports of dressed sheep, Morocco, and other leathers to Cuba have been 
as follows: (Figures indicate metric tons.) 


1919 (10 
1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Months) 
61 70 48 6S 78 42 12 


The following table shows the Spanish exports (metric tons) of shoes to Cuba 
for the period of 1912-1919: 
1919 (10 
1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 LOLT 1918 Months) 
292 311 267 202 267 160 ates 54 


SUELO 1G 183 ve 1k 1D, AI ID NY 25 


CUBAN FINANCIAL MATTERS 


THE PREVAILING PRICES FOR CUBAN SECURITIES 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York. 


Bid Asked 
Republic of Cuba Interior Loan 5% Bonds..................-0-0eeees 63 66 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944................... 76 78 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949................... 76 80 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 444% Bonds of 1949................. 61% 63 
Honan Ciny Kins: Morteace 695) BONIS... =. .ae ale os ie ee 85 95 
Elayana City, second Mortsage 69 Bonds..°....2-..-2.+.+-s5.42- 7°: 85 95 
Culds, Renliizoach Ieiveiadesl Silk 556 oscncdsenucososoeauunsocouscoons 4 50 60 
Cuba Railroad Co. First Mortgage 5% Bonds of 1952................. 60 65 
Cuba Company, 697 Webenture Bonds)... .5-- ss. 45 4- sae ese = 15 80 
Cuba Company 7% Cumulative Preferred Stock..............-..-.... 75 85 
Havana Electric Ry. Co. Consolidated Mortgage 5% Bonds............ 62 66 
Havana Hlectric Ry., Light & Power Co. Preferred Stock............. 85 105 
Havana Hlectric Ry., Light & Power Co. Common Stock.............. 75 90 
Cuban-American Sugar Co. Preferred Stock...................2..:--- 93 100 
Cuban-American Sugar Co. Common Stock.........................-. 30 31 
CAME ATI AN OR SUS DE OOnu SLOC Kapaa ciakerers ei sareie iste ei seb eel ate epost $16 $17 


TRAFFIC RECEIPTS OF CUBAN RAILROADS 


EARNINGS OF THE CUBA RAILROAD COMPANY. 


The earnings of the Cuba Railroad for the month of September and for the three months 
of the fiscal year compare as follows: 


1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
September gross....... $1,194,589 $1,094,970 $875,049 $690,124 $522,444 $411,923 
BIR PENSeSs...-<........ 1,333,22 762,015 695,396 614,227. 339,597 242,992 
September net......... 38,639 332, 954 180,153 75,896 182,846 169,001 
Other income.......... 10,244 9,709 12,582 iesy lay er eee 
Net MOC OMC nivets lacs. 3 128,394 342,664 192,735 17,213 183, 701 169,001 
Fixed charges......... 116,028 99,106 95, 154 ‘93,886 87,091 72,012 
Other interest charges». . ..... Aiea ities nes PRD O US MMA ete tia bens ae Leek od ahaa area 
September surplus... ars 244,429 243,557 85,831 16,612 96,609 96,988 


From July rst: 
Three months gross. .. $3,436,374 $3,071,833 $2,968,678 $2,273,713 $1,652,262 $1,248,646 


pate months Wogodes 153,172 753,323 831,657 581,810 705,499 576,481 
ther come,......... 37,890 22,768 36,656 3,901 Di BA Gis ica aor see 
Fixed charges......... 348,342 297,563 284,236 281,897 261,531 216,294 
Other interest charges . . APG air eet eee Fach nso eeperen IMU reas came ernie Bye he 

SunplUSe. em. oo $467,693 $478,528 $548,243 $303,813 $446,514 $360,186 


HARNINGS OF THE CUBAN CENTRAL RAILWAYS. 


Weekly Receipts : 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
Week ending Oct. 23......... 418,657 £17,196 £11,499 £10,441 £9,518 £8,679 
Week ending Oct. 30..... ene et Geld 18, 760 11,652 10,833 8.961 7,809 
Week ending Nov. 6......... 15,320 16,469 11,611 10,399 7.977 7,876 
Week ending Noy. 13......... 16,962 16,123 10,733 11721 7,641 7,932 


Week ending Nov. 20........ 16,766 16,835 11,242 — 10,772 7,995 9,396 


26 THH CUBA RD 


Vi aw 


TRAFFIC RECEIPTS OF CUBAN RAILROADS 


EARNINGS OF THE HAVANA ELECTRIC RAILWAY, LIGHT & POWER CO. 


Month of September : 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
(rORH ORERIIDY «3600.7 ccire te oes $961,934 $792,317 $714,696 $617,641 $507,562 $443,502 
Operating expenses ....:.... 537,031 390,720 323,241 260,586 187,561 183,372 
LEU TSE STILTS: ng) 7 RRR Reman ge 424,903 401 597 391,455 357,055 320,001 260,130 
Miscellaneous income......... 12,615 8,251 15,463 9,046 10,840 8,052 

Total net income ......... 437,518 409,848 406,918 366,101 330,841 268,182 
Surplus after deduct.fixed chgs. 259,134 240,607 228,464 212,745 201,587 161,344 
9 Months to September 3oth : ' 
Gross earnings ............- $8,312,325 6,724,847 6,042,507 5,036,586 4,407,453 4,108,935 
Operating expenses.......... 4,272,833 3,322,616 2,765,347 2,185,469 1,692,626 1,683,839 
Net earnings............... 4,039,492 3,402,231 3,277,160 2,851,117 2,714,828 2,425,096 
Miscellaneous income........ 84,795 79,610 107,957 106,450 99,929 76,917 


Total net income 


$4,124,287 $3,481,841 $3,385,117 $2,957,567 $2,814,756 $2,502,013 


Surplus after deduct. fixed chgs.$2 ‘438, 719 $1,798,796 $1,914,155 $1,544,153 $1,660,101 $1,524,847 


EARNINGS OF THE CAMAGUEY AND 


NUEVITAS RAILROAD. 


Month of September: 1920 1919 
{RPUSSICHERINOR Arts Mite Cine ey tt $140,629 $143,127 
Operating expenses................. 138,013 81,078 
PU SIGEATING DS, sia me Naot aati eng stale a8 2,615 62,049 
idler COMNe rs. o6)2)0 a8 aie vic hate oso Gc e ees 8L--- | 4” eee 
UCI NCO MIDS P58 as iPS ons ORs postios Oke eee 2,696 62,049 
SPs RON MONG 22 5 ein ie cra cyotie eterdd os cas are 2,696 62,049 
Gross earnings from July Levers coys Patt, AN noe $434,440 $428,607 
RUIN C ATID es tie Git rie RAS righ slate os Sata OT 231 175,940 
Other income ‘‘ Se Nin ete eetes 351. -i‘(“‘(w”tCS 
REIN PaMMNDS eer OO cae Cg AeI A. oil aaa AUS nce, oy gt A Cac tele Ss ae $175,940 

EARNINGS OF THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA. 

Weekly Receipts: 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
Week ending Oct. 23......... £55,796 £54,478 £43,269 - £39,881 £30,423 £26,590 
Week ending Oct. 30. ....... 55,094 54,472 41,624 38,805 32,018 26,663 
Week ending Nov. 6........ 53,279 56,895 41,468 40,781 33,374 26,772 
Week ending Nov. 13........ 58,403 57,713 39,448 40,683 31,885 26,987 

EARNINGS OF THE HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY. 

Weekly Receipts: 1920 1919 
Meceeenmme Oct. 23...........:. 000s £13,191 £10,140 
mem Oct. 30............-5-20 see 14,571 10,036 
Mecmmemne Nov. 6............000+-c0enem 14,113 10,438 
2 i 13,730 10,408 


TEE CUB Ae Ee Br Vee W) 20 


THE SUGAR INDUSTRY 


SUGAR INDUSTRY IN BRAZIL 


Every State in Brazil produces sugar 
eane. Reliable statistics, however, are 
not obtainable, as most of the production 
is for local consumption. Moderate esti- 
mates give the approximate number of 
bags of sugar produced as follows in 1911, 
1914 and 1917: 1911-12, 5,000,000 bags of 
60 kilos (132 pounds each bag) ; 1914-15, 
5,196,000 bags; 1917-18, 7,350,000 bags. 
The States of Pernambuco, Sao Paulo, 
Sergipe and Bahia lead in the production 
of sugar in the order named. 

In 1917 Brazil had registered 215 sugar 
factories, classified as follows: 105 fac- 
tories grinding less than 100 tons of cane 
in 12 hours; 77 grinding from 101 to 200 
tons; 17 grinding from 201 to 400 tons; 
3 grinding over 401 tons; 15 for which no 
details of production were given. 

The cane is all crushed in the country. 
In many places in the interior rudi- 
mentary appliances, made of hardwood, 
are still used to crush the cane. These 
establishments, producing dark-brown 
cake sugar (“rapadura’), consumed by 
the laborers on the farm, do not figure 
in any statistics, and the total production 
eannot be estimated. It is large, however. 
Small American crushers with three verti- 
eal steel cylinders are often used on farms 
and in small factories, driven by human 
or animal power. Some factories have up- 
to-date machinery; only one factory so 
far, however, has introduced the diffusion 
process in Brazil—the Uzina Esther, in 
Sao Paulo, with a daily capacity of 125 
tons of cane. 

Most of the production is used for con- 
sumption in Brazil; only the surplus is 
exported. Exports in the years 1914 to 
1919, inclusive, were in the following 
quantities (one metric ton equals 2,204.6 
pounds) : 


1914 1915 
Metric Metric 

Kinds Tons TONS 
Wise SUS AT fei. es ee oes 1,365 2,833 
MEMerara g.a.2-2.s2->2.. 20,806 22/064 


Brown sugar 9,619 34,178 


SOU COS .. 31,860 


1916 1917 
Metric Metric 
Kinds Tons Tons 
\WANIEGS “USE Goa c ame e omen 31,201 98,179 
DEMeGATA Sa ics eee: 12,974 10,541 
IRON OL SIDESME Gg oananebeace 9,650 22,789 
“BOLAIEM eaeRanicn ese 53,829 131,509 
1918 1919 
Metric Metric 
Kinds Tons Tons 
\A ON eS eee cg Gp oot 94,720 () 
Demerara 9 4. nts 8,984. G>) 


11,930 G3) 


SAD rae cee 115,624 69,429 


(*) Classification not yet available. 

Sugar cane in Brazil is not an annual 
plant; it remains on the fields for several 
years. Seasons of planting and crushing 
are governed by weather conditions, wet 
or dry, varying greatly according to the 
districts. As a rule sugar cane is planted 
during the rainy season and crushed when 
the dry season sets in. 
differ widely in the 
Brazil. 


These seasons 
various parts of 


NEW SUGAR COMPANY 


Announcement of the organization of 
one more new sugar enterprise, the Colo- 
radas Cane Corporation, has been made. 
The company has a nominal capitalization 
of $5,000,000, of which $80,000 has been 
subscribed. Its purposes are the produc- 
tion of cane and the operation of mills on 
the estates of Majibacoa and Coloradas, 
in the Holguin district of Oriente. Its 
promoters have also formed a company 
with a nominal capitalization of $500,000 
to do a banking business under the name 
of the Bank of Oriente. 


SANTA CECILIA SUGAR CORPORATION 


On July 22, Mr. M. H. Lewis resigned 
as president of the Santa Cecilia Sugar 
Corporation and Mr. C. B. Goodrich, pre- 
viously vice-president and general mana- 
ger, was elected to succeed him. Mr. 
Robert L. Dean was elected vice-president 
and treasurer. Mr. R. H. Caplan was 
elected secretary to succeed Mr. Dean. 


28 THE CUBA BEVIEW 


CROP OF CUBA 


1919-1920 


Ports Centrals Bags Bags, 
MGERIVARR Wyo sete PRI Crates «oa nie 23 3,102,024 320 Lbs. 
RTI ONIAS: Pe ctararaia tne eset 81a Sie is one 18 2,606,710 
PAR VAG oe ioe Bhi ss 8 cerieen es ee 2,317,398 
CIONPUIEZOS c. sean eas ais ais wld eye owt 20 2110246 Six’ PoOrs: «..:.-% >see 
DOUG aan ge tres srs) ais. etal n¥atele atotors 19 1,969,945 
Shh hets 1) | ee Me nsen Hoan ce le 1,842 204 

118 13,948,527 
INTIOVILAS?! Voc cireictes he cscs .0 stoi atele 17 3,228 926 
SIAC TO me, Ciara rene etete ts © cfs, sions Ghaleveueve 9 2,864,964 
Antilia and INipe Bay oc <n ce. 5s if 1,292,008 
PAICTEO MPHOLC: ote steele fo isreheleieiaie 2 999'614~ “Other Ports «..> «.c. tee 1,736,328 
MSmZANIINIO? inte ctoels susie ee ea ie 10 750,909 
CS ATIGATIONNIO® sraivicsu 2 icielscarviete «ote 12 740,148 
Samtinro ide Cupa. <ciserc cis ees <i fé 727,592 
PATIOS) oaks eievcretevel cue, aco cnaterte seed 1 479,671 
AVES HISD teeta eee Rikers wits were ie Bene i 373.150 
State CPU SCENT. 1 cients cies tore 1 345,667 
Bai S a DAES Se coe ices ea a 245,006 
PESTHLTUVEL AGL m Gtohs asec ie areas toes Neos i 80,592 
LEAL AURORE gH EAS OIE 1 26001) CLOD i cyste% Rise aa oye cee 
74 12,154,299 | 
Our estimate of the crop: 
PAcempeE HIG. UOIG Meee oe Sorc eo oes eae leche ore ana Bie ofa 4,446,429 Tons 
SATAN oy AOD IEE ches celoterers ie aha of Snot fullovepe eth cadeia ae: chars 3,925,000 ‘“ 
Ny als OD rote ei steerer ics Mie oR ais, oF, cia ac eahe eMac oe evosal 3,700,000 “ 
GEOP Ol 1 OOO SION errors a siccoees Saye Aion onto cohatn lorena sus 1,804,349 “ 
SEP isos LDC hed OL ha rar epee oy eee exeee no et aleahe cola wital eh pcavere ale ts 1,480,217 “ 
Rete tl Ol myc ape We Vance earns eee tae Rehere aheleis stars 1,893,687 ‘“ 
EE el A Si pyre ntnc tay ede ae wae era a ete wie Bosom cele 2,429,240 “ 
A a OL CS i 2, SA a Pee i Nea aici COE ca 2,596,567 “ 
: BEE Gal Ol AAO tr orcas Ste, hs sete nice be Talaie ie oneteraletnes ave 2,582,845 “ 
SR age) yt Oita oe erred i ccach onthe soe teh fo eho eo STS 3,006,624 “ 
v- Seba 1 Oilagespahs cere ce hone = ities Be soa sae eee Bee 3,019,936 *“ 
See BOLO 7A Oli eaten ence tere heb be tele tke eicte lak wteteteye coLererate 3,444,605 “ 
gee AO TOTO ee crave iets ele whack sunte te oibhenals le, Setaumne are 3,967,094 “ 
ET Ee LOL OOK) suis Meats ore Sik reih oe erctak dle cxcne auetcaton ere o,(23,919) es 


NOTE 
The preceding and persistent long drought which prevailed during a part of the 
year 1919 and continued during all the season of 1919-20 has been the cause of the 
great decrease in production compared with the result which was generally expected. 
H. A. HIMELY. 
Havana, October 16, 1920. 


has developed in the territory in question 
and residents of the locality are among 
those who have invested and are press- 
ing completion of the new line, 


RAILROAD PROJECT 


A new railroad to serve sugar and 
mining interests in the Baoma section in 
Oriente province is to be constructed short- 
ly by the Baoma Sugar and Railway 
Corporation, it is reported. 

The railroad will run to Port Aranjo 
and will be about 125 miles long, single 
track. The existing road, it is said, is 
unable to take care of the business that 


A concession for the line is said to have 
been granted by the Cuban government, 
and the work of laying out the route is to 
begin soon. The railroad is capitalized at 
$25,000,000. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 29 


WORLD’S 1920-21 SUGAR CROP ESTIMATES 


The world’s sugar crop estimate for 1920-21 is over 1,700,000 tons greater than 
the production of 1919-20. While definite advices have been received from many 
sources, some of the reports are only partial and are subject to adjustment, and it 
must be understood that in a great many instances there are still two or three months 
of growing weather that can materially affect the present outlook. Under such con- 
ditions these crop estimates must be looked on as more of an indication than an 
estimate, but nevertheless they are quite valuable in determining what the prospects 
of supplies are for the next sugar year. Very frequently these indications give quite 
accurate results, and the final outturn of the crops do not vary much from the indica- 
tions given. 
; CANE CROPS—EUROPEAN BEET CROP 

As regards Cuba, while the usual inquiries have been sent to the factories, reports 
are coming in very slowly, due perhaps to the unsettled financial situation there. The 
centrals hesitate in giving any indication of their probable output until conditions 
improve. The Cuban weather during the growing season has been favorable in the 
western half of the Island; the eastern half has been lacking somewhat in rainfall. 
Santa Clara Province was affected by a light rainfall. Increased planting has been 
reported in a number of sections. Ten or twelve new factories that are either complete 
or under construction may add something over last year’s production. For the present 
the Cuban crop indication can be placed at 4,000,000 tons. 


San Domingo and the British West Indies have all been affected by a more or 
less serious drought during the growing season and in some cases crops are reduced.. 
The weather in Porto Rico has been irregular, but no material change is expected in 
the production. Formosa and Japan will show increased outputs. Dry weather 
prevailed in Natal and the Fiji Islands. 


Our preliminary figures issued several months ago, based on sowings, are not 
likely to be attained in the Huropean beet crop. Many contributing circumstances 
have been the cause; partly irregular growing weather, lack of coal, transport ma- 
terials, labor, etc. Our figure for Germany, based on a yield per hectare much below 
a normal acreage, indicated on the area planted a crop of 1,300,000 tons, but even 
the low yield per hectare used by us will not be reached, and it is hardly likely that 
a crop in excess of 1,150,000 tons will be made in that country. Similar conditions 
obtain in Czecho Slovakia; latest official advices from there-state the crop would 
reach only 650,000 tons raw value. France is showing quite an improvement over 
the preceding crop and will probably have a production of 100,000 tons more than 
its last one. Spain also shows a material increase. 


AMERICAN AND CANADIAN BEET CROPS 
Regarding conditions in the United States, the output of the beet crop in Ohio 
is estimated at 45,000 tons, Michigan at 145,000, Colorado 250,000, Nebraska 75,000, 
Utah, 140,000, Idaho 50,000, and California 151,000. In this last state the campaign is. 
so nearly over that the figure given will be very close to the actual outturn. The 
production of the various other states going to make up the estimate totals 94,000 tons. 
The above estimate is freely confirmed by the United States Government, which 
estimates the crop of beet roots as of November 1 as 8,812,000 tons. Using an average 
yield of the past three years (including last year’s poor outturn) gives a crop indi- 
cation of 900,000 tons. This year’s yield will exceed the three years’ average materially, 

according to present prospects. eee 
According to advices, prospects in Canada are very good, and with the material 
increase in sowings the indications are that a crop of at least 35,000 tons will be made. 


30 


Then CU BoA. Ro Rov Ew 


The total indicated world production for 1920-21 of both cane and beet sugar is 
17,085,500 tons, against the last campaign of 15,310,824 tons, an increase of 1,774,676 


tons. 
production totaled 18,667,599 tons. 


SUGAR CROPS OF THE WORLD 


THE FOLLOWING ARE WILLETT & GRAY’S LATEST ESTIMATES : 


Harvesting 

Period 
United States—Louisiana................ Oct.-Jan. 
PIOT EO ne LC Omen ere scl ecst cls ocekers wm Soyo emis) oiehee Jan.-June 
Stay gnk Chole bine eee a er ene eo eC Nov.-July 
West Indies—Virgin Islands.......... Jan.-June 
aT TD SL bese rete aetna otc os A EO esas oot Sere Dec.-June 
British West Indies—Trinidad..........- Jan.-June 
BFE RCLOS whe) ch tole erratic aac Yes sor of 8 elm,clone® Jan.-June 
SP SUIS LICNS Oh eectcte, Spe hes BT ae Seis Ae Sia eae Jan.-June 
PATULTOUEAN oo 0) oiotetalcia Jose Maree: Buckee coeteisr as oe Feb.-July 
SE TITS aie ceauee eitawie ere cist etal) el trade es ones Feb.-Aug. 
Other ‘British West dies ...2424,. .. Jan.-June 
French West Indies—Martinique......... Jan.-July 
ATC OUI Cy araneerecictavat raters, ce arocts! orerstcre kee Jan.-July 
SLL VOUMNIMN Oyo leherarate wtetslers se +/o0,s, sisi elec Pojay aime Jan.-June 
ER STi ete reece ol 5) oreha- 31's. 3 (otk eet aa jwver'e eles over che ote Dec.-June 
NEO ICO M tristan ect ah de tnis erarnettees wed wigs te Dec.-June 
Central America—Guatemala ...........- Jan.-June 
OpieErsOentral sATMMETICA as 5c. ciecis sxclersde Jan.-June 
So. America—Demerara..... Oct.-Dec. & May-June 
STORIWTS TPO ay eRe BN or ad tea ie ibe Seat a Ae ele Oct.-Jan. 
MeENEZUCIA CRDOTUB a> ars. storevecss 2 Hee wise Oct.-Dec, 
GUA Ow Sie te er nck nolan: Se bactera Oct.-Feb. 
IPORUISe terre Fs cok ene sie eo Ra ee es Oct.-Feb. 
MSP OTNGIIVS | see falas © stereo chore euerne me eae atereke May-Noy. 
Lea IVAN Mee et Ok pe ea eee ee NOt te Oct.-Feb. 
ING EVE stings uankaer ys Gog tho waar ou oaeou eee aor 
British India (consumed locally)........ Dec.-May 
SUVs Roe ra se ie wiv ete is sie seh eases erate le May-Noy. 
SHIGEO a era Clie eV ADAM etd cas tevin ead claire's Noy.-June 
Philippine Islands, exports............- Noy.-June 
PRG LLM ASIAN SEN. Aho ase te Pialarele sacslarece be vat nets, oe - 
PANES UT LA cate et oe cah Pass fo,b ies Coe orcs Shan sh cl peter ste June-Noy. 
THT i Give eae ae Ae Gee eons Seen sC June-Noy. 
Total in Australia and Polynesia......... 
Heypt (consumed: locally). «........5...< Jan.-June 
GEER hiat a he Seep eee Eas CREREMIE RO Pee ae RCURCeemer Te O- Aug.-Jan. 
Lex SU TON KO) Ch Mee Ce RES SRI Ae sere e Ae es et cE \ug.-Jan, 
MPM eine ie oak aces Wi stata Gree’ oe ose ere a ettae ever tha May-Oct. 
NT ZVMIVISL ULES, oo one oie vo tctrastes oo ta olevatstota) haat areas May-Oct. 
Moral in Africa . 2 .seee eee ee Leese 
Sco) 2==S eee bs ood ss so - Dec.-June 
[OEAL CANE SUGAR CROPS........ 0405 see 


The largest world’s production on record was the 1913-14 campaign, when the 


1920-21 1919-20 1918-19 
Tons Tons Tons 
175,000 198,035 250,802 
435,000 33,825 262,618 
527,400 505,500 538,913 
5,000 12,400 9,000 
4,000,000 3,730,077  3,971.776 
60,000 58,416 47,850 
50,000 50,000 (D201. 
45,000 46,875 438,000 
13,500 15,540 12,841 
8,000 10,036 10,901 
10,000 5.651 7,580 
20,000 2? 000 10,927 
25,000 31,000 26,604 
189,000 175,736 158,309 
5,000 5,000 3,500 
100,000 92.000 70,000 
15,000 15,000 13,441 
20,000 20,000 14,240 
100,000 96,000 107,560 
12,000 12,000 8,000 
20,000 18,000 16,970 
8,000 7,000 7,000 
850,000 250,000 300,000 
225,000 292,110 130,266 
300,000 LITA 183,079 
6,717,900 6,289,256 6,379,348 
3,000,000 3,049,157 2,370,000 
1,515,000 1,335,763 1,749,408 
350,000 283,482 415,678 
300,000 203,000 195,289 
5,165,000. 4.871,402 4,730,375 
175,000 175,000 209,853 
60,000 60,000 80,000 
235,000 235,000 289,853 
80,000 90,000 75,899 
240,000 235,490 252.770 
40,000 40,000 50,000 
160,060 150,000 185,000 
40,000 35,000 20,615 
560,000 550,490 584,284 
5,000 6,048 6,618 


12,682,900 11,952,296 11,990,478 


UOTE ESTES SiC CR aR Ne Nts Bae ye) Veal tie) ea Ni 3l 


Eurone—Beet—Germany .............-- Sept.-Jan. 1,150,000 750,000 1,324,579 
G7 XenHSIOMNKIEY “35 dino aewoddossaepor Sept.-Jan. 650,000 535,000 

Hungary and Austria.............. Sept.-Jan. 700,000 
TONED OV OeY 1 Beg use rtiach & ota Gi eae one Om ERE Sept.-Jan. 50,000 50,000 

IRAN Sop edb eos bopene ob ooOeUDuuT Sept.-Jan. 300,000 154,444 110,096 

TS (olen ave beepers = So chase ecicaeee eee nO NRCS Sept.-Jan. 225,000 146,918 74,183 

Russia (Ukraine, Poland, ete.)..... Sept.-Jan. 300,000 238,692 173,486 

MSVOCLOTI Suits terete eteata ae eucieuacawelte ears Sept.-Jan. 175,000 225,000 336,616 

MS) TATA ase Sats Vere eta Nn ctic ones sete ce tay as Sept.-Jan. 175,000 145,000 127,467 

TET ENA TAie ot chcicier RoR GeREN Ee Ce Seinen eee Soca Sept.-Jan. 165,000 160,000 144,600 

SP stilt teh sccs egeeperci cia baas ale psi gieie ayers: su. Sept.-Jan. 175,000 182,843 106,682 

SiMe OTL AMICI er Stree loe. bole rauatclsueNel sl een) secvers Sept.-Jan. 175,000 81,650 139,469 

EU aMal eles peee aes oy chrare le is Wel aueece ost see os Sept.-Jan. 10,000 8,550 10,800 

FO UIMMEAMTN reeset es es kN lacay a eioters Sept.-Jan. 10,000 10,974 2,441 

} OOO Sieh Stent Setar taaie ienae oe eucy 

LNO tall lines Ey WO Cs hr os chanousictevens aieueretene ohoke rs SS 

: 3,565,000 2,689,071 3,250,309 

United States—Beet.....................July-Jan. 950,000 652,957 674,892 

Wanada— GEC Be sscs see os hele cee ees bare Oct.-Dec. 35,000 16,500 22,300 

MORAT, BEB SUGAR CROPS so sees sles ers a ece ere 4,550,000 3,358,528 3,947,501 

GRAND TOTAL—CANE AND BEET SUGAR.........- 17,232,900 15,310,824 15,937,979 

Hstimated increase in the world’s production.. LE ODI ADT Geen et Laos 


—Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal, Nov. 11, 1920. 


UNITED STATES CONSUMPTION FOR SIX MONTHS 


We present in this issue a concise table showing the principal items comprising 
the consumption of sugar in the United States for the six months from January 1 
to June 30, which is 2,207,428 tons refined value. Last year’s figure for the same 
period was 2,120,609 tons. The six months’ consumption this year, therefore, shows 
an increase of only 86,819 tons, or 4.094% over that of the same period in 1919. 

A part of the trade had been calculating on an immense increase in the con- 
sumption this year, which was attributed to the increase in the consumption of 
candies and soft drinks chiefly due to prohibition, but although there is an increase, 
the extent of the increase was curtailed to a large degree by high prices, and the 
inability at times of buyers to secure sugar due to many causes, such as railroad 
congestion, strikes, ete. During the half year under review, a good business was done 
by the Atlantic Port refiners, but in New Orleans, even with the addition of several of 
the Louisiana cane factories which have been melting Cuban raw sugars, the increase 
is not as large as usual. The operations of the Galveston and Savannah refineries 
disclose a good increase, accounting to some extent for New Orleans not showing as 
good a result as the other sections. San Francisco refineries are forging ahead the 
fastest of all. In this connection, it will be remembered that these refineries this 
year are refining about 200,00 tons of Hawaiian raws which, in previous seasons, 
have been shipped to the Atlantic Ports refiners. The consumption of beet sugar has 
not been so large this first half year as in other similar periods, but this was because 
of the fact that so much of the 1919-20 crop was used up in 1919, the carry-over om 
January 1 being relatively small. 

When consumption figures are compiled for the calendar year, it is possible in 
January to arrive at a very accurate result because in most instances that is just at 
the beginning of the new crop season and old crops have been exhausted and stocks 
in all hands from producer to ultimate consumer have run down to a very low point 
in anticipation of new crop sugars (with usual accompanying declining prices). 


32 THE CUBA REVILHW 


However, in July the reverse is usually the case; sometimes stocks are large not 
only in producers’ hands but in jobbers’, manufacturers’ and even in the household— 
buyers anticipating their spring and summer demand, part of which is to be consumed 
after July 1st, but which necessarily must be included as a refiner’s delivery during 
the first six months and hence considered consumed during that period. For this 
reason, consumption of sugar during the first half of the year usually is in excess 
of that of the second half. Therefore, it is not exactly correct to take the consumption 
ef the first half year and double it with the expectation of having an approximate 
figure of the consumption for the entire calendar year. 


SIX MONTHS’ CONSUMPTION OF SUGAR IN THE UNITED STATES 
AS ESTIMATED BY WILLETT AND GRAY 


Refined and/or Consumption Value 


Tons 2,240 Ibs. 1920 
Jan. 1/June 30 
Consumption through United States Atlantic Ports ..... siecai aber sie ateteis: steustere 1,272,893 
Consumption of Foreign and Porto Rico though New Orleans, La......... 273,123 
Consumption of Foreign and Porto Rico through Galveston, Texas, and 
Servier tris tites Gea cc oehete te tonewene ious, eo Gis  iais/oieiie nro Seevavle Ais wiley exoneteh haa fete ailer asthe nares 92,746 
Hareigne SucAT etn OUsty MabeLlOM wey. jdese vere nicese cies etstoncterere areteteneter oe iotele iether 15,879 
CIGHSUMPLLOM THroOug PAbAanticeand. Gulf *BOrtsisciasis « eleistetcreietal se suoteeciey =e 1,654,641 
Sousnmpt lon -LArOuUen Say Ee LATICISEO ,/.(-\- 12". fn ine wniein is o/s mo) eae ees cje isa apace 261,360 
Total Consumption Sugar from Foreign countries, Hawaii, Porto 
RiIcCOgING VE Hip PUNE SANS! Ye.5 nas svcbotel cle elev etevolencisl ek eteloieieials relate 1,916,001 
Houisinnay Canes CLop COMSUMEG tere ieisic reso ats aes siel on ajsvevuousle che isvetaforsieils sh eerste 20,313 
Vrnmedastates Beet. Surar CONSUMER! soe Fee cinle o.crevece cision ereuetoleele reine ete 259,331 
Various Sugars from Foreign Molasses, United States Maple, ete......... 11,783 
Total consumption of Sugar produced in Continental United States. . 291,427 
ToTAL CONSUMPTION OF ALL SUGAR IN THE UNITED STATES—(6 MONTHS).. 2,207,428 


Increase 86,819 tons, or 4.094 per cent. 
—Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal, Nov. 11, 1920 


twelve months ending June 30th, the de- 
partment states, brought the apparent 
carry-over of stocks in the country on 
July ist of this year up to 22,500,000 
pounds, as compared with 13,600,000 
pounds on July 1, 1919. Imports since 
July ist have been 3,509,737 pounds in 
July and 858,400 pounds in August. 


RECORD BEET SEED CROP 


Sugar beet seed production in the 
United States this year has exceeded the 
record crop of 1919 by about 70,000 
pounds, according to the estimate of the 
Department of Agriculture, which places 
the 1920 output at 6,770,000 pounds. 

Reports to the bureau of markets, the 


department announces, show an average 
yield per acre of 870 pounds, from 7,780 SUGAR MACHINERY PLANTS IN 


acres harvested. 

Idaho produced one-third of the total 
crop, or 2,260,000 pounds, followed by 
Colorado, with 1,815,000 pounds; Mon- 
tana, 910,000 pounds: California, 900,000 
pounds; Michigan, 515,000 pounds, and 
Utah, 265,000 pounds. All other states 
together produced about 95,000 pounds. 

Heavy importation of seed during the 


GERMANY 


There are at present not more than six 
factories in Germany especially equipped 
for turning out machines for sugar pro- 
duction. These factories are receiving 
orders from the Dutch colonies in Java 
for new machines, and they also expect 
contracts from northern France and Bel- 
gium. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 33 


SUGAR REVIEW 


Specially written for The Cuba Review by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


Since we last wrote you on October 28th we have issued our new estimates of the 
sugar crops of the world for the 1920-21 season. There have been a few slight changes 
in these estimates since they were first published, but the latest figures are given in 
the table herewith. We place the grand total of cane and beet sugar to be expected 
during the new campaign at 17,232,900 tons, an increase of 1,922,076 tons over the 
latest figures for 1919-20. Of this amount the total cane crops are estimated at 
12,682,900 tons and the beet crops at 4,550,000 tons. As regards Cuba, reports have 
been slow in coming in on account of the unsettled financial conditions in the Island, 
which causes some of the factories to hesitate in giving out any estimates until 
conditions improve. Weather in the Island, however, has been quite favorable gen- 
erally, although the eastern half has not had as abundant rainfall as could be desired. 
There has been an increased planting reported in quite a number of sections and 
furthermore there are a number of new factories now complete or in course of con- 
struction which will add to the outturn. Many of the old plants have increased their 
eapacity, all of which would naturally tend to show an increased production. For 
the present, therefore, we are satisfied to put the indication for Cuba down at 4,000,000 
tons, which appears to be conservative. The Porto Rican crop we estimate at about 
the same as last year, while in the Hawaiian Islands a small increase is looked for. 
Our domestic crop in Louisiana will be nearly double last year’s, although same has 
by no means reached the normal of other years. Owing to the very favorable weather 
and other conditions affecting our domestic beet crop we also look for a material 
increase there and an outturn of 950,000 tons is not at all unreasonable. 

The New York raw sugar market was quoted at 7%c cost and freight at the time 
of our last report, since which date further decline has been recorded until the 
quotation is now on the basis of 4%c c. & f., at which there is only a small buying 
interest, the demand for sugar at this price being limited on account of the very 
light demand which our refiners are still experiencing for refined sugars. Quotations 
for refined have also followed the course of the raw market and are today on the 
cane granulated basis of 9c f. 0. b. seaboard refining point generally, with the 
exception of one refinery in New York, which quotes 8%c less the usual discount 
of 2% for cash. Sugars held by second-hands have of necessity been offered at less 
than refiners’ prices and granulated could probably be bought today from this source 
at 8'4¢ basis. 

‘Regarding Cuba, movement of the old crop continues normal for the season of 
the year, arrivals at shipping ports and exports being only small and reflecting the 
small amount of business being done in Cuban sugar. Stock on the Island at latest 
date was reported as 265,857 tons, while 137,884 tons were reported at the same time 
last year. According to private cables received here, one central, the “Baguanos,” is 
reported to have started grinding the new crops, while eight were working at this 
time last year. Our correspondents, Messrs. Guma-Mejer, have sent us a very interest- 
ing table showing the outturn of the 1919-20 crop by ports as under: 

CUBA CROP, 1919-20—Outturn by Ports.—Messrs. Guma-Mejer’s report, dated 
October 18, 1920: 


HEsTeahy seal Aer len reece oeistenntedeacce chatevsi cree s anevene (OB COMIBUIS 7 Bocroeecogucods ood eal wide IAS 
IVES epIMZA Suerte act ira lbuiaSe antay Aieneta la ehetsics 2: SEA et geen ok hua apeinel Sara arate Sides 
MW AEGLETUAS CH Te oR eee eros ako tilelicnay oar Gaweecons 18 Lorde Dae UN nu RE HANUMAN, PROV AR 1% 
HSMM TOS ne FE CR et ora ase ee 1a 3 fs A aE ANE ae Se Oo PUT GO nin es 
A a says ec eons cabot ae cor AG Sis lene NG avis Cath fog pelzalo anes 
AD HO ELC TINGE eS esate Et tey ka naste NS cyale ails 15 gS erin oaenceeit ots Ogre eine ale 78 ts CAD I 04 
GRU GINA Olaseete sia c esossanew. Sar eho iene susie 12 oe Ree ae Sher Mena Aer a nae 740,198 “ 


CHOLES, cr ee eet tat aa oor ce oes T aie Fiera nacs Seti gs ene, a ecenne O A (AEDES 


34 TOBE, © UB AL SR OB tsb Wy 


MEGNZATINIO'. Oc creel. oe torcteine crtinteycoreia d= 9 orig gM nas Sp tmiaes SIRE ees Sok 734,537 “ 
Santa Oruz dela suridercs ges. sb abet 1 a ily LO PRS a cigtctre mraat 48 Oaks 345,667 ‘* 
BETTE WAC Siu so Scrat cia rate eS ee nese 16 Seal oad WALA Neate cee See eter aes 2,972,792 ** 
PAT) LLL overs cs ce oe erates Sere) ica ae ote 12 ss MNS peut tiraeers Rats Hest 1,209,178 “ 
INID GRAIN | aviv POUT Ss (siwleks aP3,s15 8 %) os 1 per A Pea Fete he das Aye c28 ce eo. ee 353,983 * 
BU RUNSELE Oreo ac es ernced aes Se etedey Sur als seatbais ovacte-ateevahe 9 Se aie ie SE Oh he ae 2,844,974 
Gibara and Puerto Padre........... Pe com ss) sicko ae, Later® Sanh ew ig tates 1,244,620 ‘ 
NSBIIES. (Sete has Bi Lo oka ealeoe oiete eens oa. A Ph, OSS Sid nek eisai 479,671 “ 
ALLIGATOR EIT 8. Radia aioe e week aes seal MMe Ades ie Ets ae Peo (rior te bs 
DRA PA Ta nts i «cnet teeta e eee prehua aS iL a ate Ene Aas re ep 26,05T. oe 
STE OUCH sa ohne ay le peas ae Pen ieee cad Reiers d EAR Be APM se YO rigs tee aeetins 80,592 “ 

WOE OOMUPAUIS Hy eee sa setareuees te ete 26,110,540 Bags 

Tons 3,730,077 
The moratorium, which it is rumored will be continued in Cuba for another 


thirty days, has not had as material an effect on the sugar situation as it was at 
first thought. The negotiations here for a loan to Cuban banks are at a standstill 
on account of the lack of the necessary legislation by the Cuban Congress, 

From abroad we have some interesting figures on the consumption of sugar in 
Germany which is officially announced as 946,940 tons for fiscal year 1919-20, against 
1,328,694 tons in 1918-19 and 1,604,795 tons in 1917-18. We are in receipt of an 
interesting cable from the United Kingdom stating that the English Government has 
decided to abolish all household rationing so that consumers can now purchase all 
the sugar they desire without any restrictions whatsoever. The only restrictions 
now in force in England are for the manufacturers and these regulations are not over- 
strict. There are more and more indications that the control of sugar in England is 
likely to be ended at the close of the year. 

The exports of sugar from Java to the United States and other countries for the 
month of October total 198,000 tons, of which 110,000 tons is destined either for 
European ports or for United States Atlantic seaboard, and it is likely that the larger 


part of this sugar is for the latter destination. 
There were no exports of sugar from the Philippines during the month of October 


in any direction. 


New York, N. Y., November 29, 1920. 


SUGAR BULLETIN 


The Sugar Bulletin, the first number of 
which appeared under date of November 
9th, is a weekly digest of sugar news of 
the world, published by the Bureau of 
Statistics of the United States Sugar 
Manufacturers’ at Washing- 
ton, under the editorship of Truman G. 
Palmer. 


Association 


The purpose of the Sugar Bulletin is 
to give the reader a brief outline of all 
the sugar of the day, indicating 
where it is set forth in more detail, giving 
the name, date and page of the publica- 
tions in which it appears, together with 
the names of the authors and the approxi- 
mate number of words. 


news 


Readers desiring 


to acquaint themselves with more than 
the outline given can refer to the original 
publication, if in their files, can secure 
copies direct from the publishers, or can 
obtain typewritten copies from the office 
of the Sugar Bulletin at regular steno- 
graphic rates. 

The Bulletin is of letter size, punched 
for filing, and the items are consecutively 
numbered to facilitate reference, For 
further convenience the items are Classi- 
fied under several headings. 
innovation in the 
field of sugar literature and its value will 
be apparent to all who are interested in 
keeping in touch with current events in 
the sugar world. 


This bulletin is an 


AUISE IB GW 18s AL ee ID IE 1D ih 35 


REVISTA AZUCARERA > 


Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


Desde nuestra tltima revista del 28 de octubre hemos publicado los nuevos calculos 
de las cosechas de azticar del mundo para la estaci6én de 1920-21. Desde que se 
publicaron estos calculos ha habido algunos ligeros cambios, pero en la tabla adjunta 
se dan las tltimas cifras. Calculamos que el gran total de azticar de cafla y de 
remolacha que se espera durante la nueva estacién sera 17,232,900 toneladas, un 
aumento de 1,922,076 toneladas mas que las Ultimas cifras de 1919-20. De esta cantidad 
el total de las cosechas de azticar de cafia se calculan en 12,682,900 toneladas y las 
eosechas de azticar de remolacha en 4,550,000 toneladas. Respecto a Cuba, los informes 
han tardado en llegar a causa del estado financiero por que esta atravesando la Isla, 
lo cual hace que algunas fabricas de azticar vacilen en dar calculo alguno hasta que 
mejore la situacion. Sin embargo, el tiempo en Cuba ha sido bastante favorable 
generalmente, aunque en la parte ordental no ha habido lluvias tan abundantes 
como se deseaba. Segtin noticias ha habido un aumento en la plantaci6n en bastantes 
regiones, y lo que es mas ahora ya se ha terminado la construccidn de bastantes 
fabricas o estan en yias de construccion, lo cual aumentara la produccioOn. Muchos 
de los ingenios han aumentado su capacidad, todo lo cual naturalmente conducira a 
un aumento en la produccion. Por lo tanto, al presente estamos satisfechos en indicar 
para Cuba una produccion de 4,000,000 de toneladas, lo cual parece ser moderado. 
Calculamos que la cosecha de Puerto Rico sera aproximadamente la misma del afio 
pasado, mientras que en la Islas Hawaii se espera un pequeno aumento. La cosecha 
en la Luisiana sera casi el doble de la del alo pasado, aunque ésta de ningtin modo 
lleg6 a Ja normal de otros anos. Debido al tiempo muy favorable y a otras causas 
que influyen en nuestra cosecha de azticar de remolacha del pais, también esperamos 
un buen aumento, y una produccién de 950,000 toneladas no es en modo alguno una 
cosa fuera de razon. 


HE] aztcar crudo en el mercado de Nueva York se cotizaba a T%ec costo y flete 
cuando se public6 nuestra Ultima revista, desde cuya fecha ha tenido lugar mayor 
baja, hasta que ahora la cotizaciOn es bajo la base de 4%4¢ costo y flete, a cuyo precio 
hay poco interés en hacer compras, la demanda por aztcar a esta precio siendo 
limitada a causa de la poca demanda que tienen nuestros refinadores por azticares 
refinados. Las cotizaciones por aztcar refinado también han seguido el curso del 
mereado de azticares crudos y son hoy bajo la base de 9c por el azticar de catia 
granulado libre a bordo el litoral maritimo de la refineria generalmente, a excepcion 
de una refineria en Nueva York que cotiza 8%,¢ menos el acostumbrado descuento 
de 2% por el pago al contado, Los azticares retenidos por comerciantes de trasmano 
por necesidad han sido ofrecidos a menor precio que los de los refinadores, y probable- 


mente el azticar granulado pedria comprarse hoy de ese modo bajo la base de 8%e. 


Respecto a Cuba, el movimiento de la pasada zafra contintia normal en esta 
estacioén del afio, las llegadas de aztcar a los puertos de embarque y las exportaciones 
siendo solamente en pequenhas cantidades e indicando el poco negocio que se esta 
lievando a cabo en el azticar de Cuba. Las existencias en Cuba segtin tltima fecha 
se fijaban en 265,857 toneladas, mientras que en la misma época el alo pasado eran 
137,884 toneladas. Segtin noticias recibidas aqui por cable privado, se dice que un 
Central, el “Baguanos,’ ha empezado a moler la nueva zafra, mientras que el aio 
pasado habia ocho centrales empleados en la molienda el ano pasado por esta époea. 
Nuestros corresponsales, los Sres. Guma-Mejer, nos han enviado una tabla estadistica 
muy interesante que muestra la produccion de la cosecha de 1919-20 por puertos, del 
modo siguiente: 


36 Dee ie UB ATOR Yee ae 


ZAFRA DE CUBA, 1919-20—Producci6én por Puertos.—Informe de los Sres. Guma- 
Mejer, fechado el 18 de octubre de 1920: 


ETA DATA cae weld 2 a eae e eh cw Bae dete oe she 23: (CODERSIOS 040 Sl ee ee eee 2,317,374 Sacos 
WERTRITAAS: “sci n erent wine Cohiba y sett 25 <) HOME SN Sr eyes eee Bet 3, LOMA Wiese 
GATOR AS: oer eee os. Nesey terete creieiars 18 SOR ce SMF ace A, © Can Ocoee 2,607,493 “ 
(ieniuerOS* At emis + =a eek cen 23 eee ke Ake Oh Moe eg 2,302,160" = 
Sorbet Ne MEE ae per a nee BAST aes 16 dh ENN Om eT PRA E 1 Ss ) LST aL es 
Celie Si To ee. cee ye ator eee ous -715 itt A Ma eR et Gay. 1,842,204 ‘“ 
GUSTIN. acs ce eae See eee ev da eke sh 12 BSA yey ts ae en 4 a a 740,198 ‘ 
RTT ays he A gE SPIE ne te cal eee Meer ee ToS a WOON sae Rh cs einige a bee Cy, (265 Cte 
Miao: out so pe tomes cae oe eee ss 9 ge SP POR eae (ot,ote a 
Sanés: Grog del) Sureeca. oki 25: a ctera's 1 Be ARN See etree agate eters 345,667 ‘“ 
IPO WLUAS orvcarahe < te tek o ee ee et aos 16° Fe Getta eeu catth Syeeas 2,972,792. “ 
CSTE Ransom thd SO One eee Herc Crna toe Oe 12 REAP E P1S tote, hue hencvar uapey Mes poate 1,209. 178) 45 
nye ERLE A hig Se SR AON One ee BIC 1 SO a as xs ope read 353,983 “ 
PV ILCATA ys Suir eiine Mite fs ohare tise aan ete ee se 2 EO as eee 2,844,974 “ 
Gimirat Y Puerto) Padre... o2ek.s etis5 aah. 3 Bee at tees ae, Naa ears eer 1,244,620 “ 
SOWIE F285 racioctotak, care Se akatans sees sonal wage bere G 1 Sale eg top rte acer a tet e 479,671, . *‘ 
PUT ASG ae ertree ot ic, tee eee An SES ako 1 LR oR tS eh Knee Sth ore ic 373,150 “ 
LENZ Ae ee oy ATE TO ctor haces aloe «Coe ate al ESP bs Cas See agate ie ese eee 26,007 "= 
RBOPTIVAG AG cs eectend. cetera ate ta aceek ieee aise pete a 1 Fae iit Sh prt nee oc 80,502 _* 
1D? CONTLALES xc petrol torent er syees 26,110,540 Sacos 


Toneladas 3,730,077 


El moratorium, que segin rumores continuara en Cuba por treinta dias mas, no 
ha afectado la situaci6n del azicar tanto como se creia al principio. Las negociaciones 
aqui para un préstamo a los bancos de Cuba se han paralizado a causa de que la 
legislatura del Congreso cubano no ha sancionado los pasos necesarios para su efecto, 

Del extranjero tenemos cifras interesantes acerca del consumo de aztcar en 
Alemania, que se anuncia oficialmente ser 946,940 toneladas para el ano econémico de 
1919-20 contra 1,328,694 toneladas en 1918-19 y 1,604,795 toneladas en 1917-1918. Hemos 
recibido de la Gran Bretafia un despacho interesante por el cable manifestando que el 
Gobierno de Inglaterra ha decidido abolir toda la restricci6n de raciones para usos 
domésticos, asi es los consumidores pueden ahora comprar todo el azticar que quieran 
sin restriccién alguna. Las tinicas restricciones ahora en vigor en Inglaterra son para 
los fabricantes, y estas restricciones no son muy estrictas. Hay cada vez mas indicios 
de que la administraci6n del azicar en Inglaterra por el gobierno probablemente ter- 
minara al acabar el ano. 

Las exportaciones de azicar de Java a los Estados Unidos y a otros paises durante 
el mes de octubre dan un total de 198,000 toneladas, de lo cual 110,000 toneladas se 
destinaban para puertos de Europa o para puertos del Atlantico en los Estados 
Unidos, y es probable que la mayor parte de dicho azticar es para este ultimo punto. 

Durante el mes de octubre no hubo exportaciones de aztcar de las Filipinas en 
direcci6n alguna. 

Nueva York, noviembre 29 de 1920. 


countries. 
ECONOMY FUSE AND MANUFACTURING 


NEW SPANISH TEXT BOOK 
Houghton Mifflin Company, -Boston, 


Mass., have published a Spanish text book 
entitled “Terry’s Short Cut to Spanish,” 
by T. Philip Terry, price $2.00. 

This book gives a new, easy, and quick 
method for learning the Spanish language 
and is combined with a pocket interpreter 
of pronouncing phrase book for English- 


speaking travelers in Spanish-speaking 


COMPANY 


Mr. C, B. Merrell, who has been for a 
number of years in the general offices of 
the Economy Fuse & Manufacturing Com- 
pany, has been appointed District Sales 
Manager of the Philadelphia Office, 523 
Widener Building, vice E. J. Watson, re- 
signed. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 37 


Cable ‘‘ Turnure” FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of 
Collection and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public 
and Industrial Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection 
of Drafts, Coupons, etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and 
Letters of Credit on Havana and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, 


Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo and Central and South America. 


CORRESPONDENTS : 

HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank Ltd. 

Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: j; Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 


Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


THE CuBA REVIEW has ready for delivery a Map of the Island 
of Cuba, showing the location of all the active sugar plantations 
in Cuba and giving other data concerning the sugar industry 
of Cuba. Size 2934 x 24. Price $1.00 postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


82 Beaver St., New York 


HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


ENGINES, BOILERS anp MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. | Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


. KLING, P 5 
A.KLING. Prop... = MOBILE, ALA, —_STzasttr, wont 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks’’ New York. 
ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 
Engineers, Boiler Makers & Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in all Branches. 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


Agents for “ Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


38 AMOS EDOR CMU Pasi ye es NOMA Ld Oa y'/ 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 
constructor de trasbordadores superiores 


Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 
bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘ La Victoria.” 


| A Weekly Babhexkon of 
| International Interest 


It covers every fiela and phase of the industry 


WRITE FOR SAMPLE COPY 


Subscription - $3.00 Per Year 


Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


SCHAEFER’S “Wiener Brew” 


“Special Dark Brew” 


IN BOTTLES 


Malt Beverages made of the same 
materials and with the same care 
as our former Brews. 


FOR SALE ON BOARD 


Munson Line Steamers 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836. AT 105 WALL ST. 
Cable Address, ‘‘ Tide, New York”’ 


BANK OF CUBA IN NEW YORK 


34 Wall St., New York 


Associate Bank of National Bank of Cuba 


General banking business transacted 
with special facilities for handling 
Cuban items through the National 
Bank of Cuba and its 92 branches 
and agencies. 

We are especially interested in dis- 
counting Cuban acceptances. 


Current Interest Rates Paid on Deposit Accounts 
subject to check. 


Loans, Discounts, Collections and Letters of 
Credit will receive our best attention. 


W. A. MERCHANT - - - - - President 
J. T. MONAHAN - - - - = - Vice-President 
CHAS. F. PLARRE - - - =- - Cashier 


- Asst. Cashier 


L. G. JONES 
Asst. Cashier 


J. W. ALBAUGH 
Se habla Espanol 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 
Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business. 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


SUGAR INDUSTRIES, INC. 
The name of the organization doing 


- business at 82 Wall Street, New York, as 


the Sugar Producers’ Distributing Cor- 
poration, has been changed to Sugar In- 
dustries, Incorporated. The new name, it 
is announced, represents more exactly the 
business aims of the company, of which 
Mr. W. G. Cooke, recently head of the 
New York office of Alexander & Baldwin, 
is president, 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 39 


ECONOMY renewable FUSES 


EASIER THAN EVER TO RENEW 


The first renewable fuses using an inexpensive bare renewal link for restoring a blown fuse to its 
original efficiency to be APPROVED IN ALL CAPACITIES by the Underwriters’ Laboratories 


\ 


Full Protection! Full Efficiency ! . Full Economy ! 


Economy renewable Fuses have a long and distinguished record for giving dependable pro- 
tection, high efficiency and low operating costs in use on electrical circuits in sugar mills and on 
plantations in the United States and Cuba. 

The knife-blade type Economy renewable Fuse is easier than ever to renew. Simply 
unlock the winged washer, remove the fused link, insert a new Economy ‘‘ Drop Out’’ renewal 
Link, relock the washer and the fuse is ready for continued service. No loss of time, no inconven- 
ience, no waste, for all that is destroyed in a blown fuse is the inexpensive strip of fusible metal. 

Economy Fuses cut operating costs 80% as compared with the use of ‘‘one time’’ fuses. 

Economy Fuses and Economy ‘‘Drop Out’’ renewal Links, since December 1, 1919, have 
carried the ‘‘ Underwriters’ Laboratories Inspected’’ labels and symbols IN ALL CAPACI- 
TIES—from 0 to 600 amperes in both 250 and 600 volts. 


Install Economy Fuses at once. 
Sold by leading electrical dealers and jobbers everywhere. 


ECONOMY FUSE & MFG. CO., - - - CHICAGO, U.S.A. 


Economy Fuses also are made in Canada at Montreal. 


Old Volumes of 


The Cuba Review 


—Ofrecemos sujetas 4 
Calderas venta prior las sig- 


uientes calderas de uso: 


10--B & W 275 H. P. 


125 lbs. Presién 


12--Sotter Bros. 140 H. P. 


de retorno tubular---90 Ibs. Presién 


Mr. ALBERTO PERALTA, Apartado 2349, 
Havana, Cuba, is desirous of obtaining 
complete volumes of THE CuBA REVIEW 
for the following years: 1903, 1904, 1905, 
CHIEF ENGINEER’S OFFICE eg ee 
National Sugar Refining Co. of N. J. 


YONKERS, N. Y. (U.S. A.) 


Any of our readers who may be able to 
supply these will communicate with Mr. 
Peralta, stating price for the collection. 


dealers, 280 pesetas per 100 kilos. Prices 
for lump sugar: At the mill, 280 pesetas 
per 100 kilos; at the wholesale distribu- 


MAXIMUM PRICE FOR SUGAR IN SPAIN 


The following maximum prices for the 


sale of white granulated sugar in Spain 
have been authorized: At the mill, 250 
pesetas (peseta equals $0.193 at normal 
exchange) per 100 kilos (kilo equals 2.2 
pounds); at the wholesale distributors, 
265 pesetas per 100 kilos; at the retail 


tors, 295 pesetas per 100 kilos; at the 
retail dealers, 310 pesetas per 100 kilos. 

Dry beet pulp for use as stock food is 
not to be sold at a price greater than 225 
pesetas per metric ton (metric ton equals 
2,204 pounds). 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW achen writing to Advertisers 


| § 


Crust Zompany of Zuba 


CAPITAL - - - - $500,000 
SURPLUS - - - - $750,000 


TRANSACTS A 


GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 


Oswald A. Hornsby 
Claudio G. Mendoza......... ..... 
James M. Hopgood....... ........ 
Rogelio Carbajal 

Alberto Marquez 

Silvio Salierup re: sacecleien'elees 
Luis Perez Bravo.. 

Oscar Carbajal.. nase 
William M. W hitner. 


President 

. Vice-President 
. Vice-President 
Vice-President 
Treasurer 

. Assistant Treasurer 
.. Assistant Treasurer 
-Secretary 

Manager Real Estate 
and Insurance Depts. 


_ GARANTIZAMOS QUE ESTA 

' CORREA ES PERFECTA 

POR SU CALIDAD Ys 
_ PRECIO.~EL QUE PRUEBA 
/ VUELVE— 


_GERENTE PN. PIEDRA- ~—; 
‘ ys CABLE “PENICOPE” = 


~ 


Pe BACHMANNE CO, 


BELTING MUN INCHES 


NEW YORK.NLY. 


DH OU B A RE Vel Dw. 


Our established relations with manufac- 
turers and large volume of business, 
allow us to quote advantageously on 
all classes ot 


RAW MATERIALS 


Chemical Products 
Caustic Soda—Bicarbonate —~Soda Ash 
Muriatic Acid — Nitric—Sulphuric Acid 
Oils—Greases— Waxes 
Gums—Glues—Dextrines 
Fertilizers 
We also offer a full line of 
Sugar Bleach and Filtering Materials 
Tanners’ Extracts and Oils 
Paints and Preservatives 
Insecticides and Disinfectants 
Essences Herbs~ Condiments 
Drugs and Chemical Specialties 
and all other requirements 


FOR ALL INDUSTRIES 


We feel it will be to your advantage to permit 
us to figure on your requirements when you are 
next in the market. 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 


140 Liberty St., New York 
2 & 4 Muralla, Havana 


Santiago Cienfuegos Camaguey Matanzas 


Porto Rican Representatives : 
UNION COMMERCIAL CORPORATION 
Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P.R 


The Royal Bank « Canada 


Fundado en 1869 


Capital Pagado- - - - - $15,000,000 
Fondo de Reserva - - - - 15,000.009 


Activo Total - - - - - - 420,000,000 


QUINENTAS CINCUENTA SUCURSALES 
VEINTE Y OCHO SUCURSALES EN CUBA 
CINCO SUCURSALES EN LA HABANA 


LONDRES: 2 Bank Buildings, Princes Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Catalufia 6 


Corresponsales en todas las Plazas Bancables 
del mundo. Se expiden CARTAS DE CREDITO 
para viajeros en DOLLARS, LIBRAS ESTERLI- 
NAS y PESETAS, valederas sin descuentoalguno. 


En el DEPARTAMENTO DE AHORROS se 
admiten depésitos a interés desde CINCO PESOS 
en adelante. 


Sucursal Principal en la Habana: Obrapia 33 


Administradores 
R. DE AROZARENA F. W. BAIN 


Supervisor de Sucursales 
F. J. BEATTY 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


41 


United Railways of Havana 


CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 


n | | | | 
No. II|No. 1/No. 7/No.19 No. 5.No. 15) No.3 No.9 | = HAVANA | No.2)No. 8 /No.20/No. 6/No.16 No. 4/No. 10)No. 12 
P P PM!}PM/|PM | AM | AM | AM} 3 AM |AM| AM | PM| PM |} PM | PM A 
Aaa Lv. Ar zoey 
10.35 oe 9.30] 4.01| I.o1] 11.51) 8.20| 6.20 Central pen 6.23| 7.50| 9.50| 3.16| 6.01] 7.18] 9.30| 6.30 
Ar. v. 
sogage 12.41 | 11.4 6. 12| 2.25|1012| 8.52| 58|.. Matanzas ..| 4.10] 5.26) 7.05| 1.02| 3.15| 5.06| 6.59|.----- 
Ste eS orl BNE AM | PM | PM 
ices 4.00] 8.50| 6.13|......| 12.50| 1250] 109|...Cardenas....|.-.---| 12.05 | 500] 9.30|-----.| 1-40] 3.50]------ 
PM ; | AM 
weeeeeleeeeee 515 |osece- | 11-15 | -.---| 3.35 3-35 | 179|.Sagua...------|------| 13.55||---..-| 6.25 |---| 12-55) 21-55 |------ 
weeces|seeeee Q215 |eeee celeeesie=|eeee24| 7-30) |) 7-30.|) 230)... albanien... Bio) le aa sn\lanoadallosooe. |) ~ee)|) CHel)||Sodcc05 
. 6.00| AM |...... Q!001|)55 ses..| coast itera: 180] .Santa Clara..| 11.00) PM }...... | "7-40 |. 25..-|-2e+=|--2---|o2--0 
Gy.I5 || 260084] |eoade| Heaced| SoEOod aBeeere 4.30 | 4.30 | 195|...Cienfuegos..|...--- |eeceaiee: ne tt II.00 | II.00 | 10.00 
AM Pu | PM | | | AM | AM | PM 
ssiee- 9-55 slacecce|scee-s|---e--|eee-e]-++-+-| 241] Sancti Spiritus | 4.45 |-..---]...-. |--c+--|-----|-ceeecfecceestiscecs 
AM | 
Shi MILO Sill tescle.ci|iccere sss EGU Ka nh heAEra cal Goer Ee 276|Ciego de Avila} 3.45|....--.|....- T2FAONEese ry. Jovceee| cocee|erreee 
PM = g 2 | | AM | 
- 6860 B93 oooce allgesaos|) 49) loonoacliaue ob 40|...Camaguey ..| 12.15 | : 9.15 | a |seeeee[eereee 
PM 4 PM | PM 
- ¢d68||"coucd |Seeecel aera | 4.45 |-.---.)---0-- | 520 Antilla .--.|------).-++++)-+++ +: IO.40 |.-.---|---22 Jescee-|--2e* 
bee 8400) | ipeetalspenee | BIO Coro cllobsbsclfesoane | 538|... Santiago ...| 12.01 |......| ..... O-A9 ledoode||-coene|lbacdoa|lesooac 
AM | PM : AM | AM | 
Sleeping cars on trains I, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12. 
*Via Carrefio. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
5 Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAVANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
RGien titer os ee eet ate tp cem ma ices 3.60 $3 00 $8.00 $10.00 
Carsemns donraseesocbdscats csonovnadanos 3.60 3.00 8.00 10 00 
SantarClarawancretcrieisceteeinlsy-teelsis stale cisiatare 3.60 3.00 8.00 10.00 
IPAMACUCSY Rael emiiereeiee elen eae ocr nislarie 4.20 3.50 10.00 12.00 
PAtitillatseyasssiacice saree sisi ce elec eis ei sere 6.00 5.00 14.00 18.00 
Santiagoide Cubalis cciee- men cecteericlsieisteniats 6.00 5.00 14.00 18.00 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
; WiSaGy; U.S. Cy. 
ANNGINEL oc SSeS Rand0cds4500 1 baD5 - $30.37 Servo fePinesee settee eerie $7.50 
Batalbanoy Siac caste ardor Ss) sielsicle ss cei 1.99 Madiisaler cis toristi-is cece ietsleieternl-i=1-1 3.91 
BESIEIT® soo ctasadendaesedasocga agcce 26.82 Manzantllopecenee rate eects 28.59 
(CanlozediSa cooscnscooesesoudsoeenobasc 13 84 MatanzaS ...........- s.eseese-ee> 2 -Cieit®) 
Wamagiey! 7 ccc -says ere isisicieeisieiereinlerels 20.14 MEYERS 6544555005000 dancDGoOOeTA 12.36 
CanGIST@ISS oc escocccacseeencneassac 7405 ING oS kee eoee condodadaoSosucHecdde 13.53 
Ciego de Avila i SHIGE SedcuesaccesubocseoD? eocccods 10.08 
Grenluegrose reas ohs we ateraisteeeiaelaserecisiele Saini ANTONIO) oncocuneccuos caondnas 81 
COT as Gen ne Saree oe eH eC Sancti Spinttuseesce = =.= seer 14.55 
Guantanamo...............-.......- San tan@lanaensererei cece ieee a II.09 
IBIGIS bhi Eo Bpenorcoooeaosesae mossaae Santiago de Cuba...........--.-..-- 31.35 


Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 
110 pounds or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in third-class. 


“WEEK-END” TICKETS 


FIRST- 


AND THIRD-CLASS 


are on sale from Havana to all stations of the United Railways (except Rincon and 
such as are located at less than twenty kilometres from Havana) and vice versa, valid 
going on Saturdays and returning on any ordinary train the following Sunday or Monday 
at very low rates. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
FRANK ROBERTS, General Passenger Agent 
HAVANA, CUBA 


PRADO, 118 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


2 DE H. Civics, 2 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 


‘*PASSOL”’ SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD ST., Cor. Stone. NEW YORK 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espana. 


INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 


MATANZAS, CUBA 


Established 50 Years Shipping Trade a Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 


Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


est Bowling Green 
Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 


Telephone 316 Henry Night Call, 2278 Henry 


Telephones: 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 


Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York Office. 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 


Engraurrs- - Fine Stationery 
RUIZ BUILDING 


O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P. O. Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


REVIEW 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Cable Address; Kunomale, New York 
Telephone, 3300 South 


Telephone 


Box 186 
215 Hamilton 


Maritime Exchange 


YULE & MUNRO 
SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
Boat BuILpErRs, ETc. 


No. 9 Summit Street 
Near Atlantic Dock BROOKLYN 


DANIEL WEILL s enc. 
COMERCIANTE EN GENERAL 
Especialidad en Ropa Hecha de Trabajo 


Am in a position to push the sales ot 
American high-class products Would 
represent a first-class firm. 


APARTADO 102 CAMAGUEY, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either on a 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


F. W. Hvoslef 


E. C. Day 


R. M. Michelson 
BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 
Steamship Agents & Ship Brokers 


18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘ Benvosco’”’ 


Pl tase fii ntion. THE cl BA REVIE 


W when writing to Advertisers 


GN Jel 1 (©) WW 18 AY des 1 We IE Ja, KY 43 


Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES: 


82 Beaver Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 
Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Keyser Building, BALTIMORE. MD. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 
New York Antilla Antilla New York 
Sao VEOINUAINEAUR, ye ciyereimie ee Dec. 23 Dec. 27 Dec. at ante ea 
Stee Le eae ae ate es janes Jan. 12 Jan. 15 Jan. 19 
aoe ies dele ANP rte Peewee Jan. 22 Jan. 26 Jan. 29 Reba 2 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular Sailings as follows : 


Matanzas...... Every Week | Sagua...... Every 3 Weeks | Antilla......Every 3 Weeks 
Cardenas... Every 3 Weeks Caibarien... ‘“‘ “ ‘“ Santiago..... Aine tai 
Havana....... ByGay WES || INGGUIES soou 8 (CHEMIST OS co 59 99 56 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


EAM ER—Montevideo-Buenos Ayres)... 120. .sc402 0-00: see. Semi-monthly 
Jo SSTDTERANNY OO ROS 3) 027-41 Sy el at A Si pe PP Aaa Monthly 


NEW YORK-—South America Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
New York to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Ayres 


SiS MUAR IME GAC ANGUS SHUN (GION: (lo) een douseclvocoeceduegaasopccueda aes January 1. 
SYS) TRUOMR OV is (Ga) tsetse rere ver ca ie era NRG is Be cee Par aN January 19 
SHS) BMEOUETO SS ye (ah) ease sce a Oy ets ecw ere re PR eg uc ee MSc February 9 


(a) 1st, 2d and 3d class (b) 1st and 2d class. 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Havana..............-.2.-00-0-- Every Other', Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago............. Every Other, Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Vera Cruz, Tampico and Progreso, 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


44 oD BOE) Csr Bes noe: Va ee vy: 


LINK= LT 


Machinery Handles Al Prodaial 


in sugar jactories, from dumping the cane to storing the bagged sugar, 
Our leadership as engineers and builders of efficient conveying systems for 
sugar estates and refineries is the result of years of experience, 


Send for our new 136 page catalog No. 355. 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 
299 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Puce Tele atce on saroadway, New York, U.S.A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 
Aqui se ve el grabado de uno de nuestros carros mas modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
de todos tipos y de varias capacidades para uso en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
Méjico, con bastidores y jaulas de madera o de acero, Producci6n annual de mas de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA Representante para Cuba 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


2 T BOE Ost BA ee By EW, 


Chuchos o Cambiavias, Ranas o Corazones, 


CRUZAMIENTOS, CABALLETES DE MANIOBRA PARA 
FERROCARRILES, RIELES, &c. 


URANTE mis de 35 afios nuestros Talleres—siem- 
pre montados 4 la moderna—se han dedicado 4 la 
fabricacién de Rieles, Chuchos, Cruzamientos y 
otros Accesorios para los Ferrocarriles Americanos, 

y siempre hemos procurado corresponder 4 las necesidades 
de nuestros clientes suministrandoles materiales de primera 
al precio mas reducido, 

Nuestra Seccién Técnica est4 4 disposicion de nuestros 
clientes, y para ayudarnos interpretar debidamente sus nec- 
esidades y evitar demoras inconvenientes, al pedir precios 
6 remitir encargos, es sumamente importante nos den los 
detalles correspondientes. 

Sirvase dirigir la correspondencia 4 

WEIR FROG COMPANY 
43 Cedar St., New York, E.E. U.U. 
JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente _(Direccion cablegrafica : JAMOTLEY, NEWYORK) 


JAMES M. MOTLEY 43 CEDAR STREET 


NEW YORK 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 


THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 

GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO. LTD. 

THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 

STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan : Locomotoras 

Carros para cana 

Rieles y accesso- 
rios 

Chuchos y ranas 

Aserraderos 

Calderas 

MAquinas, de va- 
por y de gaso- 
lina 

Tanques 

Tornos 

Trapiches y toda 
clase de maquin- 
aria para Ingen- 
ios de Azucar 

Calentadores de 
agua de alimen- 
tacion 

Alambiques para 
agua 

Madera, pino am- 
arillo 


: ae __ A solicitud se remiten catalogos y presupuestos. 
Direccién cablegrahca: JAMOTLEY, New York (Se usan todas las claves) 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 3 


Para todos usos y de todos tamaiios, de los para 
cafia con cuarto ruedas y capacidad de 1% tone- 
ladas 4 los con juegos dobles de ruedas y capac- 
idad de 30 toneladas. 


especiatidad de juegos de herrajes, incluyendo los juegos de rue- 
amente armados, con todas las piezas de metal, y planos com- 
struir los carros 4 su destino de maderas del pais. 


san 


A 802 / 


RAMAPO IRON WORKS, 30 Church St., NEW YORK, N. Y,. CABLE ADDRESS 


RAMALIAM 


HOLBROOK TOWING LINE, Inc. 


W. S. HOLBROOK, Pres. 
Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 


Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Night Phone 
Phone Broad 


4266-4267 15 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, U.S.A. i3¢s Rien nana Sin 


WILLETT & GRAY, Brokers and Agents 
FORBIGN AND SUG ARS RAW AND 


REFINED 
82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 


Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


8 
Guanajay from.5 A. ME t0'8-P. M. “ast teat 11.20 PM: 
Fare (Round Trip), $1.40 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


e 
Guines =m from 5.50 A. M. to 7.50 P. M. Last train 11.10 P. M. 
Fare (Round Trip), $1.92 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANAS FORTRESS) FROM 
LUZ PERRY. VHA ANA. © 


Resale Gerry. ive eyes aed ewer ere settee es Gree cue epee pa Neue egal $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway).......... Til 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry) 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from. 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A.M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A.M. to 11 P.M. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


~ 


THE CUBA RD ¥IDw 


JACKSON 


TUBULAR BARROWS 


are made with extra deep pressed trays. 
No seams or rivets to prevent complete 
discharge of lad, 


TT Tubular Barrow—3 Cu. Ft. 


WRITE! FOR CATALOG 


THE JACKSON MANUFACTURING Co. 
HARRISBURG, PA. 


Insist upon Walker’s “LION” Packing 


Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 
METALLIC **LION’’ PACKING. Look for ‘‘The 
Thin Red Line’’ which runs through all the 
Genuine and the ‘‘Lion’’ Brass Trade Mark 
Labels and Seals attached. 
WRITE FOR 
OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


JAMES WALKER & COMPANY, Ltd. 
46 West Street New York City 


Western Railway of Havana 


TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


PM/;}PM/!PM!|AM/} AM! AM| Fare Fare| AM/| AM| PM; PM} PM} PM 
6.15] 2.55 | 1.45| 10.15] 6.55| 5.45 |tst cl.) Lv. Cen. Sta...Ar|3dcl.| 7.20] 11.09 | 12.01} 320| 7.09] 8.00 

8.24 | 4.24] 3.55] 12.2 8 24) 7-55 | $2.65 | Ar...Artemisa..Lv| $1.40} 5.15| 9.40] 9.45| 1.15] 5.40] 5.45 

Se tele Ape MWe aactace | ok aa, 9.51 |ammmmms) 65.19 | Ar..Paso Real..Lv| 2.54 |.....-| 8.05 ]..-.--)°°°°""| 4.05 | —« 
afo 6:05; 22.25 aisre sivn| XO05 31 0. a5 a1) 502 PAL. PLeTradiral oy 2-74 loo. 2 an 7 AS: Vaan a, orn eretecaaes 3.48) | tees 

py G56 Pon acta 10.56 | 7.30} 6.71 )Ar.PinardelRioLv} 3.25 6.55 2.55 6.00 
8.40 I2.40'| 11-45 | 8.83) Ar....Guane...Lv]| 4.22]...... 5.20) |.} nto] heme 1.20 2.00 

AM 


PM|PM 


Round Trip Fares From Havana To 


IDEAL 


ATEOVG Naan Owes «ce 24 cts: ‘Rancho Boyeros! sssece 38 cts. 
TROLLEY Calabazate. sch es +. csmake 26 cts. Santiago de las Vegas. ..50 cts. 
RuncOnt 4 eee es 60 cts. 


TRIPS 


Leaving Central Station every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 7.15 P. M., 
and every hour thereafter to 11.15 P M. 


“WEEK-END” TICKETS 


FIRST- AND THIRD-CLASS 


are on sale from Havana to all points on the Western Railway of Havana west of 
Rincon and vice versa. These tickets are valid going on Saturdays and returning 


on any ordinary train the following Sunday and Monday, and are sold at very low 
rates. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


PCUBA KEVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


Monthly Magazine, 82-92 Beaver Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 
$1.00 Per Year - - - - = - i0 Cents Singie Copy 


ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 


VoL. XIX JANUARY, 1921 Noz2 
Contents of This Number 
Cover Page—Victor Mendoza Park, Havana. 
Frontispiece—United Fruit Company S. S. ‘‘San Pablo’ on the Rocks at the Entrance to 
Havana Harbor. 
PAGE 


Cuban Financial Matters: 


Centralmes deans Corp OnaielOneresce--sso renee 

Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation................. 

Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 

anitapAtecnes Sumak | (COmipatys .ctrc.cevetscssceed Cees « saces sac e teas roe ses snnun couee suse tu oc her ava ecedevysavaraetacastes 

MiraricwREceipes Ore Cuban arn Oa GSeteserctnestseccs-wtvecesceeacacvere states dacwacereetcssscctoneeevasasechecisnstces 20, 
Cuban Government Matters: 

BxfemsiOnesoiy MUO RAEO GILES as siete cs ccee secs ceascescesee lecseusees deste so cteceu senses sey tines suesuseucneh cvoieetevatceveress 

NinSSionmo fan Gemn.e rally CrOwil esses ceasone crite sees cae ae oad Meee ca na ide ice cad yeaa eset need Soaumeeo RCA eaaas 

Seere tata obth ere ber Gel SU tiysacascesee ees as Ses eoe eee ON eae as ra Seen Soon G aa Sea Ee caat ee auc ce eoen cated 
(Culbam Penclhesers OF IMailkoeval IN@Mrate: Si0e Feo cecsecco-hocoscosc:cabaceeosc-ecbos-ecece coed soc eoec aaa coe eaCcacoc case 16, 
Direct svelephone Between ~Cuba ands the United (States: tx -ccccccceccscsceseosecncenccacecnnecevscceovcestecnacensane 15, 
onerenn Commence) of (Cubacecceirssicecr cioctsccsrsvscussvecvecosssessssadetonescssasses sacsdousdetsaceceeduocssovseSnvcsdssavessyueicsvaee 18, 
la lenvamet (Clones ayo saXo \osa\ Chey euperececy a iceece ear oeee Re rer erate: Cee cao ERE eee Ceo iS, STO Tk, Ae als 
Podieton Ot Glyceniie sirO tly SiS aly enseses2 -ceesseenst cose eseeeeseeene = SUR aS phcbiasd roc bey Nuciusid lena ce aves cadteeecieteseess 
Sie cog REV Wa Bat LS 1 Fecha ccd nici staseetens soc drac oe ema bacubs sna shen cans seesscceces Deck ewaes suasceevezsesesheets saci eveseedigvabesratrcdesss 
SSA MING TVS 1 AI 1 Ska Mae co atec ee accesses eect aa can tos suseimacce beat nace osvel whe be eestaaess sxandaTouevdaesdebeceseaceuetare SB 


RE 


fel s Gal 


Vet. EN 


Cais. 


“10QILTT VURALTT 0} DULIZUG ey] 7 SYOOY oy} UO 


Pra Ah f uesg,, 


‘SS Aurdwog yn poyupy 


THE 
CUBA REVIEW 


AELSABOUT CUBA” 


Copyright, 1927, by the Munson Steamship Line 


VOLUME XIX 


JANUARY, 


NUMBER 2 


921 


CUBAN GOVERNMENT MATTERS 


EXTENSION OF MORATORIUM 


On December 31st President Menocal 
signed a decree extending the moratorium 
until January 31, 1921. 

This action was taken at the request 
of Senators and Representatives in order 
that the Legislature might be given time 
to enact measures for solving the existing 
financial problems. 

Congress convened on December 29th. 
Continuation of the moratorium on a 
modified basis for four months would be 
authorized under the terms of a bill 
adopted by the Senate. The measure has 
the sanction of President Menocal, and 
is reported to be acceptable to Major Gea. 
Enoch Crowder. The bill now goes to the 
House for consideration. 


Under provisions of the measure, drafts, 
promissory notes and other commercial 
obligations contracted before October 10, 
1920, the date of the issuance of the first 
moratorium decree, and now due, or fall- 
ing due before April 30 next, would be 
payable in four instalments. Fifteen per 
cent. would be paid before January 31, 25 
per cent. before February 28, 25 per cent. 
tefore March 31, and 35 per cent. before 
April 30. Bank deposits bearing dates 
Prior to October 10, 1920, would be sub- 
ject to withdrawal as follows: 15 per 
cent. before February 10, 15 per cent. be- 
fore March 10, 20 per cent. before April 
10, 25 per cent. before May 10, and 25 
per cent. before June 10, 1921. 


Adoption by the Cuban government of 
as much of the United States Federal Re- 
serve Banking system as is legally possi- 


ble has been recommended to President 
Menocal by Senor José Manuel Tarafa, a 
prominent Cuban financier. In case 
there are legal obstacles to Cuba being 
admitted to the United States Federal 
Reserve System, Senor Tarafa declares 
the latter would be invited to co-operate 
with Cuba in re-establishing in Havana a 
bank of emission. Another plan suggested 
is that an invitation be extended to 
American banks to join the conference of 
the Federal Reserve Board to establish 
in Havana in agreement with the Cuban 
government a bank of emission under the 
same regulations as the government of the 
United States Federal Reserve Bank. 


MISSION OF GENERAL CROWDER 


President Wilson has sent Major Gen- 
eral Enoch Crowder to Cuba to confer 
with President Menocal relative to the 
Lest means for remedying the present diffi- 
cult financial and _ political situation 
there. 

General Crowder is probably the best 
informed American authority on the pres- 
ent political situation in Cuba. The Cuban 
national elections were held under regu- 
lations drafted by him. 


SECRETARY OF TREASURY 
Dr. Leopold Cancio, secretary of the 
treasury in the Cuban government, has re- 
signed and President Menocal has appoint- 
ed Senor Miguel Irrabarren, former head 
of the Internal Revenue Department, to 
fill the vacancy. 


8 THe Gee A BEAVER W 


HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE 


December 31, 1920. 


PORT CONGESTION: This subject. so much discussed both at home and abroad, 
still presents a solid front to those who would undertake to relieve the situation, 
That conditions are in any large measure improved cannot be claimed nor admitted. 
The General Wharves are piled high with freight and private wharves are taxed to 
their utmost capacity in an endeavor to despatch vessels arriving for the established 
factors in the shipping industry in Cuba. 

During the month of December perishable freight valued conservatively at $750,- 
000 has been dumped into the sea upon orders from the Departmert of Sanitation 
since condition of the merchandise was considered a menace to the health of the 
public of Havana. This means simply that the foodstuff dumped into the sea could 
not be taken from the wharves before it decomposed and would hardly indicate that 
conditions have improved. Among the commodities that were dumped were rice, flour, 
codfish, salmon, olives, olive oil, canned tomatoes, corn, beans, condensed milk and 
sardines. When it is remembered that all of this merchandise was edible, a reason 
for the present high cost of living in Cuba is furnished. The estimated value of 
merchandise in the Bay of Havana is $40,000,000, 

With the idea of relieving conditions in Havana, a decree was recently signed 
by President Menocal whereby all vessels entering the Bay of Havana are to take 
their turn for discharging their cargoes regardless of the wharf to which they are 
assigned. It will be remembered that all wharves, whether public or private, work 
under what is known as a concession from the Cuban Government and the position 
that has been taken is a perfectly legal one, although it will work a tremendous 
hardship upon the established factors in the American-Cuban maritime trade. The 
enactment of this decree would mean that all shipping interests engaged in Cuban 
trade would be on equal basis and those fly-by-night concerns that have not a cent 
invested in Cuban wharf or harbor facilities would enjoy the same privileges as the 
older established lines who have invested millions in Cuba in establishing themselves 
for the efficient handling of freight into the Island. This measure is to be combatted, 
and we believe justly, since it would extend privileges to shipping cencerns who are 
not, and never have been, interested in the development of the Island of Cuba, but 
who are now operating with the sole purpose of extracting handsome profits during 
these trying times and then, when competition has resumed, inteud to desert the 
trade and seek other lucrative fields. We say “extracting” handsome profits because 
instances have been repeatedly called to our attention wherein freight rates far in 
excess of the published tariffs used by the established lines into Cuba have been 
assessed and double landing charges in addition. Instances have been repeatedly 
brought to our attention wherein consignees of freight have been required to pay 
excessive demurrage charges on lighters for the handling of their freight to some 
wharf when the bill of lading held by consignee specifically stated that the handling 
charge covered ““Wharfage and handling OF lighterage.” 

Recently Colonel Despaine was appointed by President Menocal as special- repre- 
sentative of the Government, with instructions to study conditions in the Bay of 
Havana and relieve the congestion which has been prevalent for the past ten months. 
Colonel Despaine has held many positions of trust in Cuba and is recognized as an 
exceedingly capable and hardworking official and his advent upon his new duties 
will be observed with keen interest by all concerned. That he has a serious and 
knotty problem to solve is fully realized and he has been offered all assistance 
possible by the American shipping interests in Havana. 

Whereas in other industries wages paid labor have been reduced somewhat, it 
eannot be said that dock workers are in any way menaced, for the present at least, 


ge jul Jo. GEO) ise NORIO Nee Oa ys 9 


Views Showing the Congestion on General Wharves in Havana Harbor. 


10 THE CUBA REVIEW 


in this direction. The age old rule of supply and demand plays a large part in a 
controversy of this kind and as long as the facilities of this port, and indeed the 
rest of the ports on the Island, are overworked as they are at the present, little 
improvement tending toward a reduction of freight rates may be looked for. Dock 
labor today is not efficient. However, being well organized and with more work 
offering than can possibly be accomplished, labor’s position is unique in Cuba. On 
the other hand, the building trades and other industries find a surplus of labor at 
this time owing to the great numbers thrown out of work by the financial crisis that 
has been eminent for the past three months, and wages have been successfully 
reduced and the efficiency augmented. 


CUBAN FINANCIAL SITUATION: Although President Menocal extended the mora- 
torium last month until the 31st of December, little improvement has been noted 
in conditions prevailing in Cuba. With a continually falling market and Cuba’s 
evident inability to work out means for the floating of a loan either for the banks 
or for the coming sugar crop, the Island seems te be facing the necessity of a liquida- 
tion that will tax the resources of Cuba to the utmost. 

A finanncial adviser to the present administration was called from the United 
States and Mr. Arthur Rathbone, New York banker, was sent by the Washington 
Government for the purpose of working out some solution of the trying situation, 
but to date it would seem that the question is one that will have to be studied out 
and this capable financier has not yet had time to devise ways and means for tiding 
over the crisis that would seem to be looming on the horizon. In one or two state 
ments issued by Mr. Rathbone the text has been devoted to retrenchment and more 
attention to saving in every way possible. 


However. to us it would seem that what was deemed the impossible six months 
ago is about to happen: the closing of the doors of several banks thai have not been 
able to readjust or better their position during the eighty days of the moratorium. 
Business of all kinds is completely in the dark as to what the future holds forth 
and the consequence is that very little or practically no business is being done 


except that on a cash basis. 


® 


Eee tO BU Age Eun Vin Bre Wi 11 


Rumor had it that paper money was to be introduced—without gold reserve—in 
an effort to relieve the situation, but to date the Cuban Congress has been unable 
to meet, due to the lack of a quorum, and since the issuance of paper money would 
have to be accomplished through this agency just what will be done cannot be pre- 
dicted at this time. The matter had been much aired, however, and adverse criticism 
has been heaped upon those that would seek this unfair method for diverting a 
seeming calamity when the public mind has been furnished enough of the details of 
the present financial situation to realize that banks that were unable to strengthen 
their position sufficiently during the past three or four very lucrative years will 
surely not be aided by the extension of the moratorium nor the introduction of 
unsecured paper money in the present crisis. 


Sugar speculation and inflated real estate values are blamed for the conditions 
that exist today, but this movement of deflation is world-wide and has been felt 
throughout all lands, the main difference between Cuba and other countries being 
that here we were less prepared for the blow when it fell, on account of the extremely 
optimistic turn of the Latin mind. There was not the farseeing, conservative element 
among us to warn against too much indulgence in a fool’s paradise and thus we 
drifted, seemingly unaware that a readjustment had to come. 


SUGAR: With a dozen mills grinding at this time this year as against 100 last 
year, the outlook for the bumper crop that was predicted several months ago seems 
doomed to be a disappointment. Conditions today furnish a marked contrast with 
conditions of six months ago. The price for sugar hovers around four cents, whereas 
large tracts of new land were put into sugar with the expectation of securing a 
price of not less than twelve to fourteen cents per pound. At present prices there 
is little incentive to the producers to harvest the crop as it is heavily mort- | 
gaged in most instances, and if prices do not show a decided improvement during 
the coming months of the grinding, the sugar industry will indeed be hard put to 
meet their obligations—much less pay dividends on the capital invested. 


In conversations with mill owners and cane growers we have come to know 
intimately the inside stories of the methods employed in the financing of some of 
the large deals executed last spring when sugar sold at the highest price in the 
history of the Island. One purchaser related how he had purchased a mill for the 
handsome sum of $6,500,000, paying $1,000,000 cash and the balance of $5,500,- 
000 in notes to mature each year for a term of years and bearing 8 per cent. interest. 
This mill produces about 160,000 bags of sugar which, at present prices, would bring 
less than the interest on his indebtedness. This party told us candidly that he fore- 
saw clearly his ruin and that he would be required to turn the mill back to the 
former owners and lose the million dollars that he had paid as the initial payment 
on the purchase. This million dollars represented a legacy inherited by all the 
members of his family from his parents. Still another related that he had purchased 
a cane colonia at $5,000 a caballeria, whereas present prices would indicate that the 
land is worth possibly $500 per caballeria. 

Another feature that would indicate a low price for this year’s crop is the in- 
crease in the production of North America and Hurope in the beet sugar industry 
of about 86 per cent. over the crop of 1919. This means that the demand in these 
countries is to be lessened by just this amount and, naturally, with a lessened demand 
lower prices result. 


HAVANA TOURISTS: The year 1920-1921 promises to be one of the best years that 
Cuba has experienced in the way of its tourist visitors. Already the steamship lines 
to Havana have reported that bookings are taken full until the middle of February 
and the hotels of Havana have increased their facilities in order to accommodate 


12 THE CUBA RBEBVIBW 


the patronage this year, Several new hotels have been opened and some of the 
older hostelries have been enlarged for the handling of the tourists this season. 


HAVANA RACE MEET: Contrary to the general expectations, the horse race meet 
so far this year has met with splendid success. The crowds attending have been 
very large and the management has made every effort to offer particularly attractive 
eards for the entertainment of the local population and the visitors, 


PROTEST FILED AGAINST INCREASE IN INLAND FREIGHT RATES: Much in- 
terest and criticism has been manifested in the recent increase in the freight and 
passenger rates of the United Railways of Havana and affiliated lines. It seems that 
about eighteen months ago the Railroad Commission in Cuba permitted the United 
Railways to materially increase its freight rates, with the understanding that the 
needs of the railroads had been satisfied for the coming two years. However, recently 
another increase was put into effect and it is claimed by some of the newspapers that 
this is an injustice to the Cuban public. In defense of the railroads we know that 
labor costs have risen perceptibly during the past twelve months and the cost of 
maintenance generally has also increased. New equipment orders have been placed 
by the United Railways and affiliated lines that will call for the outlay of millions 
and this feature, we feel, should be taken into consideration, 


AMERICAN PHYSICIAN WARNS OF PENDING EPIDEMIC IN HAVANA: Dr. D.T. 
Laine, a Cuban-born American physician, recently startled the populace of Havana 
by denouncing the Department of Sanitation publicly. Dr. Laine is considered one 
of the most competent physicians and surgeons in Cuba. He has been here many 
years and has always made “Public Sanitation” a close study. Dr. Laine pleads for 
the separation of the Department of Sanitation from its political affiliation and that 
more competent and trustworthy workers be procured, Dr, Laine warned that if 
vigorous steps were not immediately taken smallpox would be raging in Havana. 
He also calls attention to the slack methods that have been used in recent years in 
the fight against the mosquito. Dr, Laine’s letter is full of interest and discloses a 
very close knowledge of his subject. 


AMERICAN RAILWAY EXPERT TO RELIEVE FOREIGN FREIGHT CAR CON- 
GESTION IN CUBA: Mr. W. C. Kendall, Chairman of the Car Service Department of 
the American Railway Association, and widely known as “the man who moves 2,500,- 
000 cars a year,” recently came to Havana at the joint request of the Florida East 
Coast Railway and United Railways of Havana, for the purpose of widing in solving 
the problem which has always faced the car-ferry officials regarding the disposition 
of the great quantities of American freight cars that are always on the Island, De- 
lays of the customs officials in despatching the merchandise contained in American 
equipment has always been maintained by local officials and this feature will be 
given special attention during Mr. Kendall’s visit. It is to be hoped that this prob- 
lem will be solved as a result of these conferences. 


HAVANA’S MONTE CARLO REOPENS: Having greatly enlarged their premises 
and completed extensive new decorations, the Marianao Casino was opened the fore 
part of this month and offers extravagant entertainment to those interested in this 
Glass of diversion. Tourists visiting Havana this winter will find themselves in the 
midst of unusually attractive entertainment since the management of the Casino 
has gone to great expense in bringing to Havana the very cream of the variety stage 
as well as several very noted chefs from prominent exclusive restaurants in New 
York. Splendid meals are served to those patronizing the Casino and wonderful 
music is rendered for the dancing. Gaming is the order of things from 11 P. M. until 


Sd 


THE CUBA REVIEW 13° 


2 A. M., and those who wish to test their skill at roulette will have an opportunity 
which is not afforded anywhere else except in Hurope. 

IMMIGRATION: While we learn from newspapers that immigrants from Europe 
are flocking to the United States in unprecedented numbers, Cuba too has been re- 
ceiving her share of immigrants. Spain is the country from which most of the 
immigrants arrive, although some Portuguese and Frenchmen have arrived also. We 
give below comparative figures for the past eleven years which are significan 


° 
aiils 


Year First Siz Months Last Siz Months Total 
1909 31,197 79,861 111,058 
1910 51,437 109,499 160,936 
1911 42,961 96,722 139,685 
1912 62,595 131,848 194,443 
1913 - 55,433 95,567 151,000 
1914 38,123 28,473 66,596 
1915 15,285 30,074 50,359 
1916 22,167 49,080 62,247 
1917 20,394 52,657 42,051 
1918 14,395 5,773 80,168 
1919 18,500 53,220 71,720 
1920 59,593 


Although the figures for the second six months of the year 1920 are not available, 
from all accounts and judging from the appearance of very numerous vessels that 
have arrived from Spain during the period, we are confident that 1921 is going to 
prove a banner year. 


HARBOR NOTES: During the month of December the number of vessels in the 
Bay of Havana either discharging or awaiting discharge averaged 96, which would 
indicate that, although Havana has been heralded around the world as suffering from 
severe congestion, it is still being used as much as ever as a port of call. 


S. S. “POZNAN”: This vessel, operated by the Polish-American Line, sailed dur- 
ing the month for New York, whence it had sailed some three months previous, This 
vessel, carrying some 7,000 tons of freight for Cuba, was unable to. obtain a berth to 
effect her discharge and, after a wait of' many days, returned to New York with her 
full cargo. 


S. S. “SAN PABLO’: The United Fruit Steamer “San Pablo” went ashore just 
at the head of the Prado on December 14th and to date the efforts of the Merritt- 
Chapman Wrecking and Dredging Company have not been successful in getting her 
off. We understand that the captain of the “San Pablo” endeavored to enter the Port 
of Havana without the assistance of a pilot and, as it was just about dusk, he mistook 
the buoys in making his course and found himself high and dry on the coral rocks 
just to the west of the entrance to the harbor. It was feared for a time that, should 
the San Pablo sink, she would block the harbor, but it now develops ihat she has not 
taken much water and the efficient efforts of the Merritt-Chapman wrecking crew 
will doubtless soon rescue the vessel. It is not considered that the vessel has been 
very seriously damaged. 


NEW CAPTAIN OF THE PORT APPOINTED: On December ist Col. Armando 
Andre was appointed Captain of the Port of Havana. Colonel Andre has many friends 
among the shipping interests of the Port of Havana and all expressed much gratifi- 
cation at the appointment of this capable official. One of the first acts of the new 
Captain of the Port was to require that a fully manned sea-going tug be placed at the 
wharf in front of the Captain of the Port’s office every Saturday afternoon and until 
Monday morning, to be used in emergency. This measure has caused a feeling of 
security among the shipping interests as formerly, since the boatmen of the Bay of 


14 PoE CUB AR fyb aw 


Havana enjoy what is known as the “English Week” consisting of 44 hours of work, 
the harbor was unprotected from noon Saturday until Monday morning at 7 A. M, 


NEW PASSENGER AND FREIGHT STEAMSHIP SERVICE TO CUBA: Operating the 
splendidly equipped motor-driven steamship “Cuba,” the Miami Steamship Company 
has inaugurated a passenger and freight service between Jacksonville, Fla., and 
‘Havana, Cuba, with tri-weekly sailings. This is a much needed addition to the 
transportation facilities of the Island and a splendid success is assured this new 
venture. 


GRAPEFRUIT SITUATION: Quite a stir was created on the Isle of Pines recently 
upon cable advice from the United States that California and Florida citrus fruit 
growers were to introduce a bill in Congress which would place a prohibitive tariff 
on grapefruit, which are shipped in very large quantities from the Isle of Pines to 
the northern market. It is considered that should this bill pass the Upper House 
in the United States a death blow would be dealt to this fruit industry of the Isle 
of Pines. On account of its geographical position and the absence of frost, the Isle 
of Pines has been able to get its grapefruit to the northern market in advance of the 
offerings of the Florida and California growers, and an advantage has always been 
felt to exist in favor of the Isle of Pines product. 

When the years and work which it has taken to develop this industry on the 
Isle of Pines are taken into consideration, together with the enormous expenditures 
involved, it would seem that any legislative act taken by the United States Congress 
should at least provide for the protection of the Isle of Pines grower in that he 
should be given time to readjust his situation and devote the lands which are now 
producing grapefruit to other commodities should this new law levy a burden upon 
grapefruit too heavy to bear. 

The position of the United States Congress will be watched with great interest 
by the Isle of Pines fruit growers and it is to be hoped that no immediate action 
will be taken. 


TOURISTS TO THE ISLE OF PINES: According to the statement of Mr. Wm. J. 
Mills, General Manager of the Isle of Pines Steamship Company, the number of 
tourists which have already visited the Isle of Pines this year is very promising 
and the prospects for this season are bright.. We believe many tourists miss much 
of the attraction of Cuba when they overlodk a visit to the Isle of Pines. The Isle 
is a show place for well-kept orange and grapefruit groves, good roads are abundant 
and comfortable hotels are well placed for the convenience of tourists. One feature 
that stands out in the Isle of Pines as regards the hotel situation is the moderate 
price at which visitors may enjoy the particular privileges of this delightful spot. 


TERMINAL PORT CLOSED TO ENTRY new sugar crop. It is believed that the 
existing moratorium has contributed to 
some extent in bringing about this con- 
gestion, 

As soon as conditions warrant the port 
will be reopened and notice thereof given. 
Outgoing freight is cared for as usual, as 
it is not interrupted by the change in 
question. 

The other Nuevitas port, Puerto Tarafa, 
belonging to the Northern Railway Com- 

This has been done in order to en- pany, is unaffected and business is being 
deavor to clear the accumulation of diverted from Pastelillo to that port, and 
freight now on hand and to get the ware- other yessels are lightering incoming car 
houses emptied for the reception of the goes from Nuevitas Bay. 


Consul George G. Duffee, at Nuevitas, 
Cuba, advises that the Cuba Railway 
Company has closed its terminal port, 
Pastelillo, three miles distant from Nue- 
vitas, to incoming vessels until further 
notice, because of the great congestion 
of inward freight, crowded warehouses 
and local yard tracks, coupled with the 
scarcity of cars. 


MEH He CileB A} Ren Ve Ey Ww 15 


DIREC? TELEPEONE BETWEEN CUBA) AND: THE 
UNITED STATES 


Cuba and the United States will soon be holding conversation with each other 
by telephone, this being possible by means of the installation of three telephone cables 
between Havana and Key West. 

The Government of the United States, as well as that of Cuba, has granted 
permits for the laying of the cables, terminals have been installed, and a commercial 
service between New York and Havana by means of three circuits is promised for 
the time when the new President of the United States takes office. 

The Cuban-American Telephone and Telegraph Company, which holds the per- 
mits, has had the three cables constructed in a way that overcomes the peculiar 
physical difficulties which the enterprise encountered, and which presented some 
absolutely new difficulties to the engineering profession. 

The establishment of this service will unite the two countries more closely 
commercially, especially in so far as the large ports of New York and Havana are- 
concerned, between which ports there is a constantly growing trade. It will supply 
the most advanced and in many respects the most important bridge across the canal 
which separates Cuba from the continent, a barrier of water already less formidable 
by communications of steamers, ferries, telegraph, radio and aeroplanes. 

Aside from the commercial importance of the plan developed to facilitate com- 
munication between the two busiest ports of the Western Hemisphere, there are 
other important aspects which point to this enterprise as of extraordinary magnitude. 

The cables will be the longest used in the world for submarine telephonic com- 
munications. It will be the first time that a submarine telephonic cable has been 
placed at such a great depth, and in order to give a complete, clear and perfect 
service from Havana to New York or to any other American city, mechanical re- 
_peaters will be used which will work under conditions never before attempted. 

Special attention has been given to the protection of the cables against the 
temperature of the tropical seas and the action of the insect known as the “Teredo,” 
which perforates everything, has been overcome, Also, special attention has been 
given to the great pressure of the water at a depth of 1,000 fathoms. 

New York will have three telephonic circuits with Havana by means of three 
distinct cables. This arrangement has been made in view of the fact that Havana’s 
importations through the Port of New York are the largest of any of the New Con- 
tinent and New York at the same time is the city that receives the greater part of 
the exportations from Havana. For this reason, and in order to reduce the pos- 
‘sibility of a complete interruption in the service as much as possible on account of 
any accident, the three circuits with New York will be established with distinct 
cables. 

In spite of this preferred attention to New York for the reasons stated, the 
Districts of Central and Southern United States will also be served by two circuits 
‘across from the central offices of Jacksonville and Key West, respectively, connected 
directly with the Havana central. ‘ 

The Cuban-American Telephone and Telegraph Company, which will establish 
this service so beneficial to Cuba, is owned jointly by the powerful! American com- 
pany, American Telephone and Telegraph Company of New York, known as the 
Bell system, and by the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation of New 
York. The latter will develop international telephonic seryice in Latin-America and 
among its associates is the Cuban Telephone Company, which, with all its lines in 
Cuban territory, forms a chain of international communications. 

The distance between Havana and Key West is approximately 100 land miles. 
The longest submarine telephone cable working at the present time is that from. 


16 Teoh O00 OB Ase RB VoL ay: 


Abegeith to Howth in England, which is only 63 nautical miles. This cable, due to 
its not having to stand the great water pressure which the cable which unites 
Havana with Key West will have to stand, is of much smaller diameter, Of the 
type of cable which will have to be used to unite Cuba with the United States, the 
longest which is in operation at the present time is the one joining Dunkirk with 
St. Margarets, which has an extension of only 40 nautical miles. 

When these cables are installed they will represent an investment of about two 
million dollars, but notwithstanding this it is expected that the great traffic between 
Havana and New York will over-merit the investment of such an enormous sum of 
money; and furthermore, the engineers claim that it will be possible to carry on 
conversations with the same success and efficacy between Montreal, Chicago, St. Louis, 
New Orleans and any point in Cuba, 

The numerous problems of engineering which have presented themselves in the 
realization of such an important project have been studied and solved by Mr. Ban- 
croft Gherardi, Vice-President and Chief Engineer of the American Telephone and 
Telegraph Company, with the co-operation of other engineers of said corporation, 
and of Sir William Slingo of London, Consulting Engineer of the International Tele- 
phone and Telegraph Corporation, 

The officials of the Cuban-American Telephone and Telegraph Company are as 
follows: Mr. Hernand Behn, President; Mr. Charles D. M. Cole, First Vice-Presi- 
dent; Col. Sosthenes Behn, Second Vice-President ; Mr. Carlos I, Parraga, Secretary, 
and Mr. Manuel Herrera, Treasurer. 


CUBAN PURCHASERS OF RAILROAD ROLLING STOCK 


There are three classes of purchasers of rolling stock in Cuba. First, there are 
the steam railroads for the public service which were all built and are controlled by 
private capital. The two leading railroads operating in Cuba are the United Railways 
of Havana, serving the western end of the Island, and the Cuba Railroad Company, 
serving the eastern end of the Island. Both these railroads were built by British 
capital, the latter being the original Van Horne railway, but now controlled by New 
York interests. The United Railways of Havana, which includes several subsidiary 
roads, is still controlled from London and the majority of its senior officers are British, 
During the war many of its officers were American, but during recent months several 
British engineers and railway officials have arrived to take over yarious departmerts. 
Mr. Morson, general manager for many years, has been superseded by Brig. Gen. Jack, 
formerly director of British railways in France. 


The Havana United is buying large quantities of rolling stock of which it is 
badly in need, and all of which has come from the United States. 

There are several smaller railroads in Cuba, constructed to serve isolated portions 
of the Island. Most of these are standard gauge, however. 

In the second place, there are electric tram lines built for passenger traffic in 
the leading cities of Cuba. Most of these are comparatively small corporations, as 
Havana is the only city in Cuba with a population of over 100,000. The United 
Railways of Havana control all the Havana electric properties except the Havana 
Electric Railway, Light & Power Co. 

In the third place, a considerable amount of railway mileage is owned by 
ingenios, or individual sugar mill corporations. Throughout the Island the sugar 
mill owners have laid their own tracks within the area from which their cane is 


THE CUBA REVIEW 17 


derived. Such tracks are built primarily for conveying the cane from the colonias, 
or cane plantations, to the mills to be ground. In some parts of the Island not well 
served by the railway companies the mills have built small-gauge (38-foot) roads. 
For the most part, however, the cane roads are standard gauge and laid to connect 
up with the railways, so that rolling stock may move freely over all lines, All the 
narrow-gauge cane roads buy their own rolling stock. Many of the standard-gauge 
cane roads have been using railway rolling stock. Recently the tendency has been 
for the larger sugar mills to buy their own cane cars and locomotives. The reasons 
for this have been the difficulty of procuring ‘a sufficient number of cars from the 
railroads for moving the cane to the mills, and the desire of the mill owners to be 
independent of the railroads. 


There are at present 193 operating sugar mills in Cuba, with some 16 or 20 
more in course of construction. These mills vary in capacity from 4,000 bags (a bag 
_ contains 320 pounds) annually to 700,000, the total production of the Island being in 
the neighborhood of 30,000,000 bags for the last season. It is estimated that at least 
half of the Cuban sugar mills buy their own rolling stock. The track mileage owned 
by a single mill is from 60 kilometers (kilometer equals 0.621 mile) to over 300 
kilometers. A prominent engineer recently estimated that 100 sugar mills in Cuba 
each operate an average of 150 cane cars and 6 locomotives, and laid or used annually 
15 kilometers of track. This estimate would mean that Cuban sugar mills themselves 
own and operate a minimum of 15,000 cane cars and 600 locomotives. The building 
of cane cars alone for Cuba would offer a splendid market for the car manufacturer. 


The American car manufacturer, however, considers that he need never fear 
competition in the Cuban market. The Cuban customs tariff has placed a heavy 
general ad valorem rate on railroad rolling stock of all kinds (except locomotives), 
amounting to 31.25 per cent. The American manufacturer, then, gets a reduction from: 
this rate of 20 per cent. This means that a Canadian car would pay 31.25 per cent. 
duty as against only 25 per cent. charged the American car. The result has been: 
that for many years American rolling stock has had practically a monopoly of the: 
Cuban market, although previous to the war Cuba imported some 10 per cent. of her 
rolling stock from the United Kingdom and Germany. 


The following is a list of Cuban railways, with particulars, where available, 
of their mileage, and rolling stock: United Railways of Havana (Ltd.) (681 miles), 
48% gauge, 248 locomotives, 6,740 cars; Western Railway of Havana (147 miles), 
48% gauge, 30 locomotives, 760 cars; Cuban Central Railways (Ltd.) (340 miles), 
4.8% gauge, 22 miles 3 gauge, 98 locomotives, 3,725 cars. All under management of 
Brig. Gen. Jack, Central Station, Havana, Cuba. Havana Central Railroad Co. (68 
miles), 4.8% gauge, 15 locomotives, 324 cars. Cuba Northern Railways Co. (177 miles), 
4.8% gauge, 43 locomotives, 1,075 cars. The Cuba Railroad Co. (738 miles), 48% 
gauge, 150 locomotives, 5,257 cars. Gibara & Holguin Railroad Co, (51 miles), 3 gauge, 
6 locomotives, 57 cars. Guantanamo Railroad Co. (78 miles), 48% gauge, 8 locomo- 
tives, 372 cars. Guantanamo Railroad (108 miles), 48% gauge, 15 locomotives, 
568 cars. 


The electric tram lines are: Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power Co., Insular 
Railway Co., Monte No. 1, Havana. United Railways of Havana, Central Station, 
Havana, Cuba, comprising Havana Terminal Railroad, Havana Central Railroad, 
Marianao Railway, Western Railway of Havana (partly electrified). Hershey Rail- 
road, Manzana de Gomez, Havana. Cienfuegos-Palmira Light & Power Co., Cienfuegos, 
Cuba. Camaguey Electric Railroad, Camaguey, Cuba. Matanzas Electric Railroad, 
Matanzas, Cuba. Cardenas Electric Railroad, Cardenas, Cuba. Guantanamo Electric 
Railway Co., Guantanamo, Cuba.—Weekly Bulletin, Canada. 


18 J tao 0, 


CUBA 


BV elk Ww 


FOREIGN COMMERCE OF CUBA 


The total value of the foreign commerce of the Republic of Cuba during the fiscal 
year 1918-19, according to figures published recently by Cuban Secretary of Treasury, 


divided as follows: 
$477,221,863 ; re-exportation, $1,433,348. 


amounted to $794,341,078, 
tion, 


Importation, 


$315,685,8S67 ; exporta- 


The value of the exports exceeded that of the imports by $161,535,996, showing a 
greater balance of trade in Cuba’s favor than that of any year since 1899-1900, Al- 
though the balance of trade during the past seventeen years has been constantly in 


Cuba’s 
was in 1915-16, when the balance was $135,777,000. 


Of the total commerce during the fiscal year 1918-19, the 


favor in a greater or less degree, the nearest approach to the present amount 


value of money imported 


exceeded $2,520,000 and that exported $6,963,000, giving a balance sgainst Cuba of 


$4,443,000 in this relation. 

The total value of the imports, 
preceding year by $13,062,000, 
merchandise: foodstuffs, 4 per 
cent.; and miscellaneous imports, 


including money, 


cent.; metals and 


21 per cent. 


was greater than that of the 
the chief increases being in the following classes of 
metal manufactures, 
With the exception of money imports, 


12.8 per 


which show a decrease of $3,103,000; and customs-free articles, all classes of imports 


show 
year. 


increased values during the fiscal year 1918-19, compared with the previous 


The value of the imports into Cuba, by classes, during the fiscal years 1917-18 


and 191S-19 follows: 


General Groups 


1917-18 


WTEC y Ola tiby, ese ait ac ct) estes ela labors take! ste cele eietets Sem eaters Sauer $19,553,000 
Tavis mh Reypee eae, oe Reef LESS antes POR hee RE RONGITE Lae yea 111,172,000 
POaxisleS ANG TOCUE AM URACIL selene aioe eueuese ths suet eta etaie ots 39,684,000 
instruments, machinery and apparatus ................ 39,633,000 
Metals. and them nranuLaceures ie .o ke insiee ticks winks ceoler 19,517,000 
Substances employed in pharmacy, chemical industries, 

DELEUMICET) (OLC.. eer iete ideo iae me employe seohate a tote ace fone 20,391,000 
AMTINALS <A! SLL = POPOGKICUS c's ric) vie wieketoislci ie 6 evexeunus stoic) 4] 13,694,000 
LOMES. TOME Sea (COLAMILCC nel torcpe semis ryeneaieiad se tatc] 2 akan 12,726, 000 
Wood and other vegetable materials .................. a 398,000 
PEHen ANG ePaper WALES re cides tse 1oeeeaeia ink remem oreo eee 4,725,000 
WHR Gall buat 25.t ged ooo Aaa amos top eto cen oremue > rene 8,508,000 
1 CG raT ame Sear aati etnih fs Bloke GRO Sit eaten xr ake ch eno Ae 5,623,000 

PANES Me ee eect PN ara RTA Wis Stak de ocxa evel seat oeraveroyeiete, RADE $302,624,000 


1918-19 


$16,928,000 
115,854,000 
41,572,000 
40,120,000 
22,399,000 


21,812,000 
15,500,000 
14,813,000 
7,437,000 
5,949,000 
10,773,000 
2,520,000 


$315,686,000 


The value of the exports, including ee was greater than that of the preceding 
year by $97,430,000, largely owing to the raw sugar exports, which show an increase 
while raw tobacco exports 


of $86,824,000 during the fiscal year 1918-19 over 1917-18, 
increased in value by over $6,000,000. 


The value of the exports by general groups from Cuba during the fiscal years 


1917-18 and 1918-19: 


General Groups 


Cui Qi ees orator dcdno cop bo dogaisoen mtr 
Products derived therefrom (refined sugar, artificial 
honey, spirits, liquors, preserves) ...... ? we MEN eye ra 
mowed Stemmed tobacco « .'s se enemntiiets stein eletae 
Memiicrciired tobacco ....... sce tc. sleet nina 
Goecosyreotee, fruits, vegetables, et¢@) “Cece eee eer 
Woods, textile fibers, dyes and tans’.....-.-2.. 2. 
Animal, leather and other animal products............. 
Honeveon bees and beeswax ........ 2.200050 selsineieneele 


Iron, copper, Manganese, gold and asphalt............. 


1917-18 
$314,205,000 


10,266,000 
20,329,000 
11,700,000 
2,484,000 
994,000 
2,878,000 
ce 593,000 
1,773,000 


1918-19 


$401,029,000 


8,600,000 
26,471,000 
14,366,000 

2,150,000 

748,000 

3,389,000 

2,103,000 
10,647,000 


THE CUBA REVIEW 19 


Sponges, tortoise shell, etc. ............ cee eee es 211,000 264,000 
IMTS CEUTA COTS iets: canes a cRessaseeieiel tue Sereda Goals A-cuerdie Siva c eeeeeke 447,000 492, 
II TAVERN «oe Bre ace ee etcce ser eys cute note atta ngs Co ea eR ene ae PL na eae 2,904,000 6,963,000 


Total $379,784,000 7 

The total imports during 1918-19 show an increase of 4.1 per cent. over those of 
the previous year, and the total exports an increase of 20.4 per cent. 

The United States stands first among the countries of origin of imports, the 
total value, including money, having amounted to $235,727,000 in 1918-19, compared 
with $228,102,000 in 1917-18, an increase of $7,625,000. Imports from Great Britain in 
1918-19 amounted to $9,349,000, a decrease in value of $3,159,000 compared with the 
previous fiscal year; imports from Spain amounted to $13,332,000 in value, against 
$11,695,000 the previous year; and imports from France $8,265,000 against $6,875,000. 


Ce 


Classification of the destination of exports by countries shows that the United 
States leads as a market for Cuban products, with shipments amounting in value 
to $350,316,000 in 1918-19, compared with $278,704,000 in 1917-18, an increase of 
$71,612,000. Cuban exports to Great Britain in 1918-19 amounted in value to $96,- 
814,000, an increase of $20,092,000 over the previous fiscal year; exports to Spain 
amounted to $6,057,000 in value, against $4,199,000 the previous year; and exports to 
France $11,324,000, against $8,965,000 during the preceding twelve months.—Consul 


General Carlton Bailey Hurst, Havana. 


POSTAL SITUATION IN HAVANA 
The Director of Communications in 
Havana, Cuba, reports that of the piles 
of mail sacks which have been congest- 
ing the post office in that city all have 
now been opened, and between 85,000 and 
90,000 packages have been delivered. This 
improvement in the postal situation is 
due partly to the overtime work of the 
employees and partly to the authorization 

of the delivery of partial shipments. 


PERSONNEL OF PAN-AMERICAN  FI- 
NANCE GROUP 

United States Secretary of the Treas 
ury Houston has announced the person- 
nel of the twenty permanent American 
group committees, appointed on recom- 
mendation of the first and second Pan- 
American financial conferences to study 
financial and economic problems in con- 
nection with the Southern countries, to 
which they are assigned. 


Each committee consists of twelve mem- 
bers, and will work in co-operation with 
the Secretary of Commerce and the Pan- 
American Union, and collaborate with the 
Inter-American High Commission and the 
permanent committee on communication. 


Mr. Franklin O. Brown of New York 
heads the Cuban committee, 


NEW TELEPHONES FOR CUBA 
Cuba has ordered 8,000 new telephones 


for installation in 1921, as against 5,000 
in 1920 and 4,500 in 1919, according to an 
announcement by the International Tele- 
phone and Telegraph Company. 

It is estimated that the end of next 
year will find 40,000 telephones in opera- 
tion in the Island. 


IMMIGRATION THROUGH SANTIAGO 
DE CUBA 

During the month of April the follow- 
ing agricultural immigrants entered the 
Republic of Cuba through Santiago de 
Cuba: Spaniards, 952; Jamaicans, 2,663 ; 
Porto Ricans, 107: Dominicans, 26; 
Haitians, 1,394; and from Curacao, 112. 


CUSTOM HOUSE RECEIPTS 


During the month of May the Havana 
Custom House collected $4,277,530; the 
Santiago Custom House, $50,590; the 
Sagua la Grande Custom House, $110,120; 
and the Matanzas Custom House, $168,355. 


MARIANAO 
The municipal budget of Marianao for 
the fiscal year 1920-21 gives the estimated 
receipts as $204,231 and the estimated 
expenditures as $203,619. 


20 rac. CUBA REVIEW 


CUBAN FINANCIAL MATTERS 


THE PREVAILING PRICES FOR CUBAN SECURITIES 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York. 


Bid Asked 
Republic of Cuba Interior Loan 5% Bonds...........-..-.sseeeeesees 66 68 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944................--. 5 77 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949.................-. 73 76 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 44%% Bonds of 1949..............-.. 62 64 
Havana City First Mortgage 6% Bonds........- 02sec ces cecesesenees 85 95 
Havana City Second Mortgage 6% Bonds.............6-sssseceeerees 85 95 
Guba: RallrondPreverred. (StOCK. 605. nice. ols o's le gioco oo mit nn ewe woe Be woe 45 55 
Cuba Railroad Co. First Mortgage 5% Bonds of 1952................. 60 62 
Cuba Company 6% Debenture Bonds.......2.cccesciceseseccscnsevnese 70 15 
Cuba Company 7% Cumulative Preferred Stock...................-.. 70 80 
Havana Electric Ry. Co. Consolidated Mortgage 5% Bonds............ 65 68 
Havana Electric Ry., Light & Power Co. Preferred Stock ........... 80 90 
Havana Electric Ry., Light & Power Co. Common Stock.............. 70 80 
Cuban-American Sugar Co. Preferred Stock................cccecce-es 93 95 
Cuban-American; surar ©o, Common. (Stocks: a. ccm. ce sieises ocls slae oes cls 28 29% 
CUANTAMAINO SULATs OON SLOGIs %. miamiasis cto e wise telarewie soiree teieie create $16 $16% 


TRAFFIC RECEIPTS OF CUBAN RAILROADS 


EARNINGS OF THE CUBA RAILROAD COMPANY. 


The earnings of the Cuba Railroad for the month of October and for the four months 


ended October 31st compare as follows : 


1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
October gross......... $ 993,842 $1,069,773 $753,181 $587,890 $504,336 $391,108 
IXPONSES 8c keys aes 1,363,161 807,459 655,613 498,425 358,438 249,153 
October net........... 369,319 262,314 97,568 89,464 145,898 141,954 
Other income.......... 34,921 11,036 13,583 1,267 933. \avaeae 
Net INCOME! 5. shot wie 334,397 273,350 111,151 90,732 146, 832 141,954 
Fixed charges......... 115,532 99,106 95,154 93,886 87,091 72,012 
Wiermterest charges’. 4 See) 3,992 aid. a 
October surplus........ 449,929 174,243 12,005 3,153 59,740 69,942 
From July rst: 
Four months gross. .... $4,4: 30,217 $4,141,606 $3,721,860 $2,861,604 $2,156,599 $1,639,755 
Four months net....... 522.491 1,019,637 929,225 671,275 851,398 718,436 
Other income.......... 72,811 33,804 50,239 5,169 3,480: 16 fue 
Fixed charges .:....... 463,874 396,670 379,390 375,784 348,623 288,306 
Other interest charges . . 450690. i cts 39,8255 . weeeds = ee ie 
Four months surplus.... $917,623 $652, 771 $560,249 $300,660 $506,254 $430,129 
EARNINGS OF THE CUBAN CENTRAL RAILWAYS. 

Weekly Receipts : 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916- 1915 
Week ending Nov. 27........ £27,254 £17,548 £12,517 £12,747 £9,073 {B;iBe 
Week ending WDCC. 7.2.2.5 00. | cs bree 12,360 12,588 8,788 9,026 
Weemename Dec.13......... 9 ....... 17,707 11,637 12,356 9,564 10,247 
Week ending Dec.18......... 23;322 20,236 15,809 12,558 9,647 10,139 


THE CUBA REVIEW 21 


TRAFFIC RECEIPTS OF CUBAN RAILROADS 


EARNINGS OF THE HAVANA ELECTRIC RAILWAY, LIGHT & POWER CO. 


Month of October : 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
GLOSS /CATMINGS). .< 252.06. .+ $1,017,031 $871,621 $733,443 $635,822 $532,358 $463,385 
Operating expenses.......... 577,641 409,432 341,519 281,685 197,205 188,820 
INPIMEALIMINGS! 2 55. coe sess 439,390 462,189 391,924 354,137 335,153 274,565 
Miscellaneous income......... 4,786 6,890 6,847 11,909 11,014 15,083 

Total net income ......... 444.176 469,079 398,771 366,046 3463167 289,648 
Surplus after deduct. fixed chgs. 263,635 290,613 220,317 211,688 213,622 182,480 
10 Months to Octuber 31st: 

Grosseannings .....-..:.... $9,329,356 7,596,468 6,775,950 5,672,408 4,939,812 4,572,321 
Operating expenses.......... 4,850,474 3,732,048 3,106,866 2, ,467,154 1,889,831 1,872,659 
INetieaMmings 2:.<2..s.22..: 4,478,882 3,864,420 3,669,084 3,205,254 3,049,981 2,699,662 
Miscellaneous income........ 89,581 86,500 114,804 118,359 110,943 92,001 

Total net income.......... $4,568,463 $3,950,920 $3,783,888 $3,323,613 $3,160,924 $2,791,663 

Surplus after deduct. fixed chgs.$2, 702,354 $2,089,409 $2,134,472 $1,755,841 $1,873,723 $1, 707, 328 


EARNINGS OF THE CAMAGUEY AND NUEVITAS RAILROAD. 


Month of October - 1920 1919 
GEROSSPOATMIN GS he Mister seks aisnde paisa bc eet meee $101,808 $158,815 
Operating expenses.............. Mae Sy tweet 147,547 90,515 
ING: QOTTOTICER A es Sa ee ne er Ter oe 45,738 68,299 
CHDGIE TOOTING ye ees eee te nt eae ee 103 Peete 
Mee MIC OTHER ee Uh? le sce eke dae Rs Uk 45,634 68,299 
Same p SOTO N OTDM! sy isisis icine we 2 egssires = oc AG, 634 68,299 
Gross earnings from July Teach ita evan d SR $536, 2 $587,422 
2 EL CITI 10 POR neoie encge eacece 45 ‘506 244,239 
Other income ‘‘ STM LGU rine Me Went oa AOS eS a et Re 
SUINTITS. 2 LC OC SR ease meee er a ne ere ec $45,050 $244,239 


EARNINGS OF THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA. 


Weekly Receipts : 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
Week ending Nov. 20........ 457,249 £57,446 £36,569 £40,331 £35,160 £27,783 
Week ending Nov. 27........ 57,309 56,840 35,491 42,062 33,889 27,045 
Week ending Dec. 4......... 57,031 58,627 36,389 45,237 35,152 29,401 
Week ending Dec.11......... 57,262 55,986, 24,738 49,904 36,177 32,973 


HARNINGS OF THE HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY. 


Weekly Receipts - 1920 1919 
2Q8 Gichire WO BWec occ deecc sear cescare 413,126 410,214 
Neel ending Noy: 27..--.---.-2.....2--.>.. 13,905 10,638 
WMeersending Ween 4 ree 2c ee 14,174 11,329 


WMeckeending Decl... <0. sects eee wee cee - 14,427 11,048 


22 THR OUDBRBA REVIEW 


CUBA CANE SUGAR CORPORATION 
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 


For THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1920 


November 5, 1920. 


To THE STOCKHOLDERS: 


Your Board of Directors is gratified to be able to submit its Fifth Annual Report 
within six weeks following the termination of the fiscal year ending September 30, 
1920, which is a testimonial to the efficiency of the Accounting Department. 

Owing to the general drought throughout the Island of Cuba, the early cane 
estimates of the 1919-1920 crop were not realized and, consequently, the total Cuban 
sugar crop aggregated only 26,237,242 bags (3,748,177 tons) against 31,050,000 bags 
(4,435,714 tons) as estimated on December 24, 1919, by Messrs. Guma-Mejer, and 
against 27,802,435 bags (3,971,776 tons) made the year before. 

As is well known, labor unrest has been universal. Cuban plantations and railroads 
have not been free from labor troubles and attendant strikes, although perhaps affected 
in a lesser degree than industries in other countries. 

In view of the general labor situation it is a great achievement on the part of 
Cuba to have harvested her crop, transported it over her railroads to the shipping 
ports and placed it at the disposal of consumers, within a shorter period than in 
previous years, even making allowance for the smaller crop. 

All your Corporation’s plantations finished grinding before May 30, with the 
exception of Moron, which completed its crop of 611,081 bags (88,654 tons) on June 8. 
The output at Moron is the largest production of any single estate made in Cuba this 
crop. The increase in production at this estate from the 170,263 bags (24,328 tons), 
made during the first crop after its purchase by your Corporation to the 611,031 bags 
(88,654 tons) produced this year, is very gratifying and justifies the action of your 
management in increasing that plantation’s machinery and cane fields, 

The sucrose content of the cane throughout the Island was again unsatisfactory, 
probably due to the irregularity and scarcity of the rain precipitations, for, as stated 
in the previous report, the sucrose content in the cane is dependent upon weather 
conditions. 

As was anticipated, sugar prices once “de-controlled” after two years of Govern- 
mental regulation, began to show wide variations; in fact the range increased far 
more than could have been foreseen, running from 61%4¢c—at which some new crop 
sugars were sold in the fall of 1919, when it was realized that the United States 
Government would no longer control sugar—to 23144c¢ in May, the highest price reached, 
soon to be followed by a precipitous decline to 6%4c¢, the price ruling at present. 

The proportion of the Cuban crop sold at the highest prices was relatively small. 
The peak having been reached during the months of May and June when there was 
very little cane being ground, neither the colonos nor the plantation owners participated 
to any great extent in the high prices. 

There still remains in the Island, unsold, about one-tenth of the crop. The prob- 
abilities are that the average price obtained for the entire crop, when the remnant is 
finally sold, will be between 10c¢ and 11le per pound. 

The great variation in prices experienced during this first year of “de-controlled” 
sugar proves the wise policy of having had sugar under Governmental regulation and 
control during the last two years of the World War. The chief cause for the variation 
in prices was the uncertainty resulting from the “de-control’ of sugar by the United 
States Government last fall. Under such extreme variations it is readily seen what 
difficulties have attended the selling of sugars. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 23 


Your Corporation followed a conservative policy in the selling of its own sugars. 
That portion of the crop belonging to the colonos (tenant farmers) was treated as 
entirely apart, your Corporation selling it as fast as acquired under its colono con- 
tracts, seeking to avoid either loss or gain therefrom. 

The Corporation’s own sugars, aS well as those acquired from the colonos, were 
sold prior to the recent rapid market decline and have been delivered and paid for. 
It follows, therefore, that this Corporation was not adversely affected by the decline 
nor is it adversely affected by the generally unsatisfactory financial situation arising 
therefrom which prevails at present in the Island of Cuba. 

CANE GROUND 

As already stated above, cane estimates for the 1919-1920 crop were not realized 
because of the drought. 

The following table gives comparison of cane ground at your mills during the 
last crop: 


Western estates ................ 256,341,250 arrobas (2,860,951 tons) 
Eastern CS ae areata et 186,678,568 “ (2,083,466 ‘“ ) 
RO Hales are accuses a rep re retecet teva tae 443,019,818 arrobas (4,944,417 tons) 


The above figures are about 20% under the early estimate. 

The cane sold to outsiders this year was 2,590,357 arrobas (28,910 tons) in the 
Western estates and 8,818,853 arrobas (98,425 tons) in the Eastern estates, both much 
smaller quantities than during the 1918-1919 crop. 

RATES PAID TO COLONOS FOR THEIR CANE 

The following table shows the average percentage of sugar per 100 of cane paid 
to the colonos during the past five years: : 

1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 


Western estates.......... 6.713% 6.849% 6.891% 6.901% 6.902% 
Hastern SR ier daaire toalee 5.079 5.029 5.115 5.130 5.153 
NVOEASCh tala Gialiacieis iss 6.383% 6.587% 6.254% 6.168% 6.124% 


The average percentage paid to the colonos will diminish still more from now 
on as your Corporation has acquired one additional plantation in the Hast and has 
increased the capacity of its other Hastern mills. 

SUCROSE IN THE CANE 

The following table shows the average percentage of sucrose at the plantations of 
your Corporation during the five crops: 

1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 


13.87% 13.00% 13.31% 13.02% 12.95% 
By the above table it is seen that the sucrose content has not been high for the 


last four years; such a continuously low percentage of sucrose in the cane is most 
unusual. 
LOSSES IN MANUFACTURING 
The losses in manufacturing at your plantations during the last five years have 
been as follows: 


1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 
3.07% 2.67% 2.36% 2.32% 2.37% 


Under present Jabor conditions it is difficult to maintain the highest efficiency 
_methods at sugar plantations, where such efficiency depends greatly upon the regularity 
with which the «ane is delivered to the mill, for such regularity requires uniformity 
of railroad operations, and this, of course, has not been possible under present labor 
conditions. 
YIELD OF 96° CENTRIFUGALS 
The yield of the five crops in 96° centrifugals has been as follows: 


1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 
11.25% 10.76% 11.41% 11.15% 11.02% 


24 THH CUBA RBEVIBW 


COMPARATIVE RECEIPTS PER POUND OF SUGAR 
For the purpose of comparing the f. 0. b. price per pound of sugar manufactured, 
obtained during the last five crops, the proceeds from “Molasses” and “Other Earn- 
ings” are included in the following: 
1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 
4,112¢ 4479¢ 4.630¢ 5.3898¢e 10.345¢ 
In order to afford a comparison with previous years, it has been necessary to 
include the colono sugars in the above figures. 


COST OF PRODUCTION 
In order to show the cost of production on an f. 0. b. basis per pound of sugar 
manufactured at your factories, including the cost of colonos’ cane, as we have done 
in the past five years, we give the following figures: 
1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 
2.748¢ 3.481¢ 3.998e 4,606¢ 8.523¢ 
From the above it is seen that there has been an increase of 3.917¢ over last year, 
but this increase is mainly due to the higher price paid for the colonos’ sugars. The 
cost of production depending so much upon the price at which we liquidate the colonos’ 
sugars, it is preferable to follow the same method indicated in the previous Annual 
Report, showing the cost of production, excluding cane, thus giving a comprehensive 
idea of the increases in other items, cane excluded. On this basis, the cost of manu- 
facturing and delivering the sugars on board steamers, compared with previous years, 
is as follows: 


1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 
0.715¢ 1.072¢e 1.456¢ 1.555¢ 1.940¢ 


The increases were, consequently, 
0.357e per pound increase 1916-17 over 1915-16 
O.384e * i <§ 1917-18 ‘*. 1916-17 


.099¢ -~ ot ps L9IS=195 Sf AOS 
0.3885¢e “ m 2 TOTO-20" ** 1918-19 


The above increase of 0.8385e per pound in 1919-20 over the previous year is chiefly 
due to a shorter crop being made and to the fact that there was a decrease in sugar 
content of the cane. These figures are of great value when we come to consider the 
cost of production for the future, when prices are likely to be lower. It must be borne 
in mind that the cheaper the labor, the lower the cost, and labor will certainly not be 
higher next year. , 

OPERATING PROFITS PER POUND OF SUGAR 

Following the same basis as in our previous report and deducting from the pre- 
ceding f. 0. b. prices at which the crop was sold, the cost of production, including 
cane, Operating Profits made per pound, are as follows: 

1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 


IRE oo ome ous Doubt aoe eueT 4.112c 4479c 4.630e 5.398¢ 10.345¢ 
AP rOGUCuLONmmasae -icptera ste sielelo)s 2.748 3431 3.998 4.606 8.523 
Operauins PLOUGH veer crim ayate- 1.364¢ 1.048c 0.632c 0.792e 1.822c¢ 


As explained in the previous Annual Report, the colono while sharing in the benefit 
of high prices, which was the case this year, will also share the burden of low prices, 
when they come. 

“The increase in cost of producing sugar this year was divided as follows: 

3.532¢ per lb. Cane (This higher cost in cane, however, is recovered 
by the higher price obtained for the colonos’ 
sugars, as already explained). 
0.385¢c per lb. Wages and other expenses. 
COMPARISON OF CROPS MADE BY YOUR COMPANY 

The production has been divided between the Western and Hastern estates as 

follows: 


THE CUBA REVIEW ; 25 


Western Hastern © Total 
Bags Tons Bags Tons Bags Tons 
TOTESIG SS erence Sipe ree 2,616,301 or 372,589 557,867 or 79,446 3,174,168 or 452,085 
TUS Cel (a ede eee ee 2,383,866 “ 345,373 877,755 “ 127,169 3,261,621 “* 472,542 
IG ALTCI SS ees Sees ace icemien 2,437,926 “ 351,742 1,175,399 “* 169,586 3,613,325 “ 521,328 
GSO) ie gera Geese scp 2,653,620 “ 382,783 1,665,569 “ 241,318 4,319,189 “ 624,101 
EDO aire Wetiaie ata eisceue, Sie 2,130,519 “ 308,570 1,633,396 “ 236,584 3,763,915 “ 545,154 


PRODUCTION OF THE EASTERN MILLS IN DETAIL 
The following table shows the production of each of the Eastern mills during the 
last five crops: 
1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 


IMOKOM ib <tc seee 170,263 181,045 315,489 524,940 611,031 
SIDEMAN ELE Ino) b eine eine le coe emniO ore 378,097 416,560 506,494 445,784 
TaASuUeyalges: ooees 233,545 251,018 326,200 353,168 371,609 
IUWENRET® sssocccocce 154,059 67,600 117,200 280,967 204,972 


557,867 877,755 1,175,399 1,665,569 1,633,396 


Lugareno suffered greatly from the effects of the severe drought, which caused 
a decrease in production of nearly 76,000 bags of sugar under last year. Its plantings 
have been increased so that, with propitious weather, it should be able to work to its 
full capacity in 1922-28. 


PROPERTIHS ACQUIRED 

During this year your Corporation purchased, at the price of $3,500,000, the entire 
stock, free of all encumbrances, of the Violet Sugar Company, a Cuban corporation 
owning the sugar estate Violeta of 494 caballerias (16,467 acres) in the Hastern section 
of the Island adjacent to Moron, located on the line of the Cuban Northern Railroad, 
with a capacity of 200,000 bags (last year’s production being 180,000 bags). Your 
management has made plans to increase the capacity of Violeta to 500,000 bags for 
the crop of 1921-22. When this has been done, the mill capacity of the Eastern 
plantations will have reached about 2,500,000 bags. 


In addition to Violeta, your Corporation has exercised, in the interest of the 
Hastern Cuba Sugar Corporation—a Cuban corporation, all the stock of -which is 
owned by your Corporation—options to acquire the properties known as Redencion 
and Rio Maximo, consisting of 1,436 caballerias (47,867 acres), and also a lease of 
the lands of the Alegrias Land Company, comprising 864 caballerias (28,800: acres), 
with option to purchase, and further, a long-time lease on 1,634 caballerias (54,467 
acres), comprising the property called Velasco. The average prices paid for the 
above Jands, including the option price on the Las Alegrias property, are very 
reasonable, not exceeding $1,200 per cab ($37 per acre). 

The above purchases and leases comprise 4,428 caballerias (147,600 acres), situated 
on the Cuban Northern Railroad east of Moron, between that estate and Lugarefio 
a very strategic position for their future development. With the acquisition of these 
lands the production in the Wastern mills can be increased to 3,000,000 bags, which 
would be a great achievement as against the 557.867 bags made in that district 
during the first year of your Corporation. 


The small Estate San Ignacio in the West, making only 79,000 bags and with a high 
cost of cane, has been sold. 
; LANDS 
Your Corporation now owns in fee 11,110 caballerias (370,333 acres) of land and 
holds under lease, many of these being for long periods, 6,896 caballerias (229,867 
acres) of land. The total lands owned and leased therefore are 18,006 caballerias 
(600,200 acres). 


26 THE CUBA REVIDPDW 


In addition to the above, the Violet Sugar Company owns 494 caballerias (16,467 
acres) and the Eastern Cuba Sugar Corporation will own, after the above transactions 
are consummated, 1,436 caballerias (47,867 acres) and hold under long term leases 
2498 ecaballerias (S3,267 acres). The grand total of the lands directly controlled 
by your Corporation will therefore be 22,484 caballerias (747,S00 acres). 


RAILROADS 

Your Corporation now owns and operates for the transportation of its products 
and supplies 1,168 kilometers (726 miles) of railroad, of which S20 kilometers (510 
miles) are standard gauge and 348 kilometers (216 miles) are narrow gauge; together 
with equipment consisting of 182 locomotives, of which 97 are standard gauge and 
35 narrow gauge, and 3,668 cane and other cars, of which 2,296 are standard gauge 
and 1,372 are narrow gauge. 

In addition to the above the Violet Sugar Company owns and operates 25 kilometers 
(16 miles) of standard gauge railroads; together with equipment consisting of 4 
locomotives and 132 cane and other cars. 


PROPERTY ACCOUNT 
Original Cost of the 17 Plantations, Including Taxes, Notary Fees, ete... $48,983,296.68 
Additional Purchases: 


KEOTIONE GMO LE WEL Goreng cose een ies Os eet Pee a eee ee $ 8,400,000.00 
NWUAUPENTOUIGOS ie tree cohen a ARE® SauNe see oleaisso cme adit ate a kaya 159,600.00 
PERT CLS ton ctcne, svokcherawi'e cee aha pateletchs te ala, Ra ate cetey aisharmre a cme ueyre ne 2.577,395.64 
Taxes, Notary Fees, etc., thereon................. 125,981.08 


$11,262,976.72 
Less Sale of Mills, Lands, Machinery, ete.............. 3,184,750.67 


$ S,07TS,226,05 
Additions, Improvements, ete. : 


Fiscal Western Bastern 

Year Plantations Plantations Total 
ADI LOMG: | ak, col wiewenae © eh BOL OOoNLol Seo LoD No OSes LILO Toaezi 
NOT G1 OMe... ee canoes 2.316,123.95 2 657,229.86 5,033,353.81 
TAC My ft Sr eo ial ak ie Co Ses fier 1,835,050.42 8,246,313.70 10,081,364.12 
SSL ce. eas tera Peon A 730,004.32 3,909, 384.68 4,039,339.00 
TD SOA Sate cee heat cats Siare 1,278,965.52 2.177,979.08 3,456,944.60 


$6,484,747.34 $16,545,988.40 $23,030,735.74 
$31,108,961.79 
Less amount written off to cover dismantling and relo- 

CAMON OG NTa CHIMETY Aee.n et aero ie ieee 3, <0 1,200,000.00 — 29,908,961.79 


$78,8S92,258.47 
Machinery and Construction Material on Hand............-..+.--50-- 695,417.46 


Motalvass per ilAN CO ASMEC ys nee sere ooh teen oro al nae yeioncclyene $79,587,675.93 


RENEWALS, BETTERMENTS AND DEPRECIATION 
Following the customary practice, your Corporation has made adequate expendi- 
tures for renewals, repairs and changes in the location of machinery, all of which 
have been charged to operating expenses before arriving at the operating profit. 
In addition to the cost of above renewals and repairs, your Board of Directors 
has made a charge of $3,500,000 for Depreciation. 


RECEIPTS AND EXPENSES 
FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 930, 1920 
RECEIPTS— 
Production, 3,768,915 Bags Per Bag 
oo) (SEGRE $124,938,995.64 $33.193 


THH CUBA REVIEW Te, 
IMIOVASSES a Sallesian eon imuie ns Cateng seamen i ioe Wy Suky Goan eer aie 435,327 ar 116 
O GHEE amie Shee ee are eee en itn aie cts carts pi eee a. 948,834. 252 
$126,323,157.10 $33.561 
EXPENSES— 
Cost of Cane per 100 arrobas $18.15.................... $ 80,387,237.71 $21.357 
Dead Season Expenses (Salaries and Wages, Materials 
and Supplies, Repairs and Renewals).............. $ 5,820,314.15 $ 1.546 
Crop Expenses (Salaries and Wages, Materials and Sup- 
plies, Fuel, Maintenance, Administration—Cuba and 
SAMUS MS GALES) acievstauetacc nr sisuseisia ele. qed eueleiare see ore ew eoogele $ 9,382,749.29 § 2.493 
Fiscal Year Charges: 
Generale lS tal COn vey ieruuars Gomes has esses Cuete A cece $ 294,864.14 §$ .078 
CuhamMeNAaxXeseOis SULA se citer chan ceeeeeln tas cee 649,882.07 173 
Cubany TaxesronMOlaSSeSh msc eerek ee cceua. cee oe 66,788.28 .018 
Cuban) MaxeslonyRealbstate aecee-ssseceee ssc. et 271,761.77 072 
Legal Expenses ......... Pen eihcmaincie Rt OATH SRE ESI aE 78,979.78 021 
NotraleHiseal Wear Charwesawe. es .. ss ae e's see oe $ 1,862,276.04 $ .3862 
Sugar Expenses: 
Susana eseanld Men Cksli ume rtsevaaira eh lsteeipevsra dle ccs $ 2,347,893.74- $ .624 
Sucaccdimlandsalroad wHrerghis wes. ees. 5. vase 25 1,637,366.54 435 
See Slaihoyqie IqVaNyesy soscooonoudugcdusubboceae 1,689,219.07 AAQ 
SUSAR INS PAI CON arora a recctere es she) olietteve: aucneubietel sian ora sie iecere 251,698.95 067 
Selling and Landing Hxpenses..................... 1,195,381.31 217 
Totaly Sugar Hx eUSes waco eiclels veal ole ei eres $ 7,121,559.61 * $ 1.892 
Potal SE XpPeHSeS WH OB ane eeicig ie sexeushesn sieves ne $104,074,136.80 $27.650 
OPERATING PROFIT FOR THE FISCAL YHAR.......... $ 22,249,020.30 $ 5.911 
This compares with an Operating Profit last year of S$ 11,069,S80.76 
Rial eh JEONG ese Oleh oed bo oboe oo cee Beene s §$ 2.563 
STOCKHOLDERS 


To show the distribution of the stock of your Corporation, the number of stock- 
holders at the end of the last four fiscal years is given in the table below: 


1919 1920 
4,880 5,755 
2584 2204 


1917 1918 

Holders of Preferred Stock........ 3,840 4,494 
te “ Common Pea ibs tas eae tents 1,843 1,860 

MIE O Gall ei sescesaces oh weeds ter eee meme evi 5,683 6,354 


GENERAL REMARKS 


7,464 7,959 
The continuous increase in the number of stockholders is gratifying. 


$22, 249,020.30 


9,904,885.77 


The OPERATING PROFITS this year are................ 
Deducting disbursements for: 
Interest, Discount and Exchange.... $2,156,584.29 
PAXESY CRESEr WE) oie estate aie oshosesi aves 4,248 301.48 
Dividend on Preferred shares...... 3,5900,000.00 
HEAVESH aly By AQUAIN CE Oli pecscsie thier > io aie ie eiever on aele chaise jane 


-This is equal to about. $24.70 per share on the 
500,000. shares of Common Stock of the Corpora- 
tion, before making allowance for Depreciation. 


$12,3 34 


154.55 


28 PDF ew skeaak o ole aloe Ve Reh 


. After deducting: 
Reserve for Deprecignion’ so. remus ker as air eas win eats 8,500,000.00 


there TeMmains A BATANOE- Of. .« 205 eee le wih k vie wees $8,844,134.53 


equal to about $17.70 per share on the Common Stock, 
SuRPLUS account on September 20, 1920, amounted to.. $23,478,102.04 
In addition to this there has been set aside out of 

earnings for depreciation since the organization of 


ENE MOT HOTa UOMA Ue SUL Ole cc <i ecdsiinioss ele rik Bipicleleer sieve 10,000,000.00 
INI MOLE EO ticreretatheinteteto inns ovensroneretoisrc ree ake leroreiete tel $33,473,102.04 


equal to about $67 per share on the Common Stock that has accumu- 
lated out of the earnings of the Corporation since its organization, 

In order to avoid any stoppages for lack of coal or oil resulting from strikes 
on the railroads, your management has accumulated a large stock of both fuels at 
your factories, as well as an adequate quantity of empty bags and other supplies for 
the coming crop. This accounts in part for the large amount appearing against 
Materials and Supplies in the Balance Sheet. 

Your Corporation has sold about 20% of its own portion of the coming crop, 
not including colono sugars, at much higher prices than those ruling at present. It 
has also sold half of the molasses for the coming crop -at double the prices obtained 
for last crop. 

Respectfully submitted, 


By order of the Board of Directors, 


MANUEL Rtonpa, President. 


BALANCE SHEET—SEPTEMBER 30, 1920 
ASSETS 
RIO ERS AON TO) aD LEAON clues tate lelloderety ealetoltecetel = rrisisuenctodey $78,892,258.47 


MACHINERY AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL ON 
is ONS DNA oniimncmas Oto obs poco aca don Mr crarc aciaerann 695,417.46 $79,587,675.93 


INVESTMENT IN SHARES OF SUBSIDIARY COM- 
BENIN Pe NTE COLOR ME ss 6 dain on bio Got ae eedtio ORO a Bo orn o aac Ok 2,738,230.65 


CURRENT ASSETS, ADVANCES TO COLONOS AND 
GROWING CANE: 


Oultivations—Company Cane ....2.. 25.05 2.0.2 ene $ 2,116,026.73 
MES CORIANS TANI ASUNDDULCS mene cle ere ote ete preouek ees eee del el wate 6,861,153.14 
Advances to Colonos less Reserve for Doubtful Ac- 
COUNES M cise cheers ei eyorn ele cisicis « cgtimasveyes stele steera co eves iactie 7,597,947.11 
Advances to Stores and Sundry Advances......... 121,872.36 
Molasses on Hand at Net Contract Prices......... 105,649.46 
Accounts) and! Bills Receivables cic c.c civ, cisiveleretos is se 2,687,589.08 
Cash in Banks and on Hand: 
Im New COL wee a cminiocte olaehalus $20,078,579.31 
Im: Cubs sas scot eaten ier 250,170.06 20,328,749.37  39,618,987.25 


CASH AND BONDS DEPOSITED FOR REDEMPTION OF LIENS 


AND CENSOS ON PROPERDTIHS—per Contra.................-- 566,643.05 
DEFERRED CHARGES: 
Insurance, Rents, Taxes, etc., Paid in advance...... $ 421,225.45 


Discount and Expenses in connection with Issue of 
Ten Year 7% Convertible Debenture Bonds Due 
1930, less Proportion written off............... 1,148,908.00 1,570,133.45 


$124,081,670.33 


THE CUBA REVIEW 29 


LIABILITIES 
DECLARED CAPITAL: 
ANSMer last Balance Seb sso aw + erates vciess es @lereiave ave $52,500,000.00 
Represented by 500,000 Shares of 7% Cumulative 
Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $100.00 
each, and 500,000 Shares Common Stock without 
nominal or par value. 
ANGE 
Amount transferred from Surplus in connection with 
the authorization of 416,667 additional Common 
Shares without nominal or par value, such 
shares being reserved for the conversion of ~ 
$25,000,000.00 of the Corporation’s Convertible 
WEhentUurew BOM Sirrekere cee aces cite mee chee tn ee 2,083,335.00 $54,583,335.00 


TEN YEAR 7% CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE BONDS, DUE 1930: 
Convertible into Common Stock at a price not exceeding $60.00 per 
share, in accordance with the terms of an indenture dated 


SATU Un Varel MAL AVMarale taratewa, Sree cai teriat sect sited cesta reeviahie vo las oe sos exsilea tases nheeg 25,000,000.00 
SHORT TERM DRAFTS OUTSTANDING............ $ 2,457,482.S9 
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED CHARGES... 3,890,329.00 
ACCRUED INTEREST 7% CONVERTIBLE DEBEN- 

STATUE RSE ALS CINGIB) Sic s Ss cyiadlecers ra) b/s cans aid ese eae ecxa eee eytaiee 437,500.00 
PREFERRED DIVIDEND NO. 19 (Payable October 1, 


TISEAL)) o Giets oS ED Oe OCS I AONE Aiea icra $75,000.00 7,660,311.89 


LIENS ON PROPERTIES—Cash Deposited per Contra $ 172,736.19 
CENSOS ON PROPERTIES—Cash and Bonds Deposited 


MDC Ta © OUTTA ay se rp wakcl sue Soe Sue pavtel e nave oie Gee lasetavovske i wie eee eels 393,906.86 566,643.05 
RESERVES: 

MPaKes and CONtIMECNCIES. S25. 20 or ores siete cis ao stele cree $ 2,022,194.74. 

BV STOTE CHAGLOMS bays soles Se ietoes le cues a celsrney Mteleie Bie se eea era ome 10,000,000.00  12,022,194.74 
DEFERRED LIABILITIES: 

Balances in Respect of Purchases of Lands...................... 776,083.61 
SURPLUS ACCOUNT: 

DES NET CO mene ores a an. ubnba pba una A Le Cenc ety pte eas | eal akiaeeae 23,473,102.04 


$124,081,670.33 


PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 1920 


Operating Profit for Year Ended September 30, 1920.................. 22,249,020.30 
Less: 
Interest, Discount and Exchange.................. $2,156,584.29 
Reserve for Taxes, ete, Including Income Tax, 
emitted Statesvam du @ UW ai saicscctere «re cle saters ctetetere= 4,248,301.48 
Reserve for Depreciation ..................--220-- 3,900,000.00 9,904,885.77 
Balance, being Net Profit for the Year Carried to Surplus Account..... $12,344,134.53 


SURPLUS ACCOUNT AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 1920 
laninCO natin) CEO Cts MONG eo es Ae eal s (aves calicire torletlosieie (eal eh vi o\ one: eer sie) evinl'e Gite lens $16,712,302.51 
Deduct : 


Amount transferred from Surplus to Declared Capital in connection 
with the authorization of 416,667 additional Common Shares 
without nominal or par value, such shares being reserved for 
the conversion of $25,000,000.00 of the Corporation’s Convertible 
IDYS Ne ONO GS aigges coo oc os deme don baueced Gd ouUD UC eaOnc 2,083,335.00 


$14,628,967.51 


30 TRE OVOP BA. VRE Ten AN. 


Add: 
Net Profit for Year as per Profit and Loss Account................ 12,544,1384.53 
$26,973,102.04 
Deduct: 


Dividends on Preferred Stock : 


INO: 16s SENUALY Wd, lOZ0s vedas 


INOS UT ADIL OL) Ie wists celery ois 10 
INO: 1s FOUL a gh OZ Mare We erie tease 


No. 19, October dy 1920 co. nes 


Balance, September 30, 1920 .............. 


CENTRAL SUGAR CORPORATION 


The Central Sugar Corporation has an- 
nounced an issue of $3,000,000 eight per 
eent. ten-year convertible gold notes, the 
purpose of the issue being to reimburse 
the treasury of the corporation for ex- 
penditures through advances to its Cuban 
subsidiary, Central Fe, S. A., and in 
developing additional cane lands and 
increasing the capacity of the cen- 
tral expenditures which were previously 
financed in part through short term obli- 
gations. 

Upon the completion of the improve- 
ments, it is said, Central Fe will have a 
capacity of 300,000 bags and the supply 
of cane from lands owned and controlled 
by the company will be sufficient to keep 
the plant fully employed. 

The capitalization of the company con- 
sists of $4,000,000 eight per cent. ten-year 
convertible gold notes, of which $3,000,000 
are outstanding ; $3,000,000 seven per cent. 
cumulative preferred stock of $100 par 
value, all outstanding; and 80,000 common 
shares without par value, of which 50,000 
are outstanding. 


PUNTA ALEGRE SUGAR COMPANY 


The annual report of the Punta Alegre 
Sugar Company for the year ended May 
81, 1920, shows large profits. After taxes 
and charges there was a surplus of 
$6,690,652 as compared with $1,613,117 in 
the previous year. After dividends for 
the fiscal year just passed there was a 
balance of $5,646,708, whereas in the 
previous report the same item amounted 
to $1,574,505. The total surplus of the 
company now stands at $9,136,016. 


Page SAR one ee $75,000.00 

ened 9 coe ey $75,000.00 

pihech sR nae 875,000.00 3,500,000.00 
S aahieirat bare bal ene $23,473,102.04 


The balance sheet shows an increase 
of about $3,000,000 in the value of real 
estate, plant and equipment. It is stated 
in the report that the crop of last season 
was sold at varying prices from 6% cents 
a pound f. 0. b. Cuba to 22% cents, with 
an average net return of 11.14 cents a 
pound. The small balauce remaining un- 
sold is inventoried at 10 cents a pound. 

The balance sheet shows total current 
assets of $15,956,085 as compared with 
current liabilities of $8,735,855. In the 
previous report current assets amounted 
to $7,224,930 and current liabilities to 
$6,884,951, 


WEST INDIA SUGAR FINANCE CORPOR- 
ATION 


At a recent meeting of the Board of 
Directors of the West India Sugar Fi- 
nance Corporation the following officers 
were elected for the ensuing year: 

President, Thomas A. Howell; Vice- 
Presidents, Howard J. Pullum and H. W. 
Wilmot; Secretary, Lorenzo <A, Arm- 
strong; Treasurer, J. Bliss Coombs; As- 
sistant Secretary and Assistant Treas- 
urer, Arthur Kirstein, Jr. 


THE CUBAN-AMERICAN SUGAR 
COMPANY 


Notice is hereby given that the two 
million ($2,000,000) dollars par value of 
first lien six per cent. serial gold notes 
(Series C) maturing January Ist, 1921, 
together with the coupons thereon, should 
he presented for payment to The Cen- 
tral Union Trust Company of New York, 
No. 80 Broadway, New York City, on or 
after January 3rd, 1921. 


SUSE ee CW Vs AG RB Vel Br NV, 31 


PRODUCTION OF GLYCERIN FROM SUGAR 


[Prepared by the Research Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. | 


At. the beginning of the war Germany was “swimming in sugar,’ to use an ex- 
pression of the Frankfurter Zeitung (May 22, 1915.) Production had been greater 
than ever; large quantities left from the previous campaigns were still available; 
exportation had stopped. One of the 10 “war commandments,’ proclaimed on bills 
posted in all railway stations, advised the people: “Use plenty of sugar with your 
meals; sugar is an excellent food.” Certain measures of the Government, however, 
soon made it impossible for the people to follow that advice, and sugar became scarce 
in the market, although it was known that stocks were plentiful, for the production 
ef the 1913-1914 campaign had yielded 2,715,870 metric tons of sugar. Germany had 
been -the leading sugar-producing country of Europe, and yet the people suffered from 
scarcity of sugar during the war and were compelled to use honey and saccharin as 
substitutes. It was supposed that owing to the shortage of fats the Government was 
trying to conserve the stocks of sugar. It now appears that large quantities of sugar 
that had been withdrawn from human consumption were used in the manufacture of 
glycerin for war purposes. The process of production is described by Dr. W. Conn- 
stein and Dr. K. Ludecke in Die Naturiissenschaften. 

The consumption of glycerin in the manufacture of cosmetics and for other pur- 
poses, chiefly in the manufacture of explosives, increased enormously during the war, 
while the supply of the raw materials—fats—was constantly diminishing. It was 
therefore necessary to seek other sources, and sugar was selected, as its chemical 
structure is somewhat similar to that of glycerin. The transformation of sugar into 
glycerin was accomplished by the biochemical method. It had been known for a long 
time that in the ordinary fermentation of sugar with yeast small quantities of glycerin 
would be produced, amounting to about 3 per cent. of the sugar. By adding alkalis to 
the liquid in fermentation the production of glycerin was increased. It was found 
that almost any salt with an alkaline reaction could be used for that purpose. Ex- 
periments were made with acetate, bicarbonate, and dibasic phosphate of sodium and 
with carbonate of ammonia. The yield of glycerin was increased to 12.7 per cent., 
but the alkaline mash was found to be an excellent breeding place for all kinds of 
acid-forming bacteria, which would pollute the glycerin. This fault was remedied 
by the use of sodium sulphite, which acts as a poison to the bacteria of lactic acid 
and others, but does not, even in large quantities, affect the yeast cells (Saccharomy- 
ces). When sodium sulphite was employed as an antiseptic the yield of glycerin was 
increased proportionately to as much as 23 to 36.7 per cent. of the sugar. 

The ordinary fermentation produces not only alcohol, carbonic acid, and glycerin, 
but also small quantities of acetaldehyde. When the sulphite is added in increasing 
quantities the yield of acetaldehyde and glycerin increases, while that of alcohol and 
carbonic acid decreases. The acetaldehyde was used largely for war purposes. The 
production of glycerin from sugar had a great practical value in war time, according 
to German writers. The manufacturing process, patented in 1915, was exploited on a 
large scale, and the production of glycerin exceeded 2,200,000 pounds a month, The 
invention also possesses an unusual theoretical interest as it shows how the trans- 
formation of materials by bacteria can be influenced by the addition of chemicals. 
In the words of a German writer (Prometheus, Nov. 1, 1919), “the biochemical pro- 
cesses open up new prospects for the future and seem to be destined to provide many 
substitutes to a people robbed of all raw materials.” 

Attempts made during the war in Austria-Hungary to produce glycerin from 
Sugar do not seem to have met the success claimed for similar attempts in Germany. 
Complaint was made by the Bohemian journals of Prague that carloads of sugar had 
been wasted in recovering negligible quantities of glycerin, and doubts were expressed 
whether such waste of food could be justified even by the exigencies of war. 


32 THE CUBA REVIEW 


SUGAR REVIEW 


Specially written for The Cuba Review by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


At the time of our last review of the New York sugar market raw sugars were 
quoted on the basis of +%c c. & f. and further declines resulted until the low point 
for the year of 35%c c. & f. was reached on December 15th. Since that date, how- 
ever, there has been a slight reaction and raw sugars returned to the level of 4%c 
e & f At this level, however, the advance could not be maintained, the price bring- 
ing out more sugars than buyers were willing to take and a lower level was soon 


established on the basis of 43%c c. & f£., which we quote at this writing? The market, 


has been very quiet throughout the entire period with little incentive for buyers or 
sellers to do business, influenced by the lack of demand for refined sugars. The 
latter market followed the course of raws and the lowest price now named is 7.90c 
less 2 per cent. for cash quoted by two New York refiners, with practically all the 
other cane refiners in the couniry quoting on the seaboard basis of 8c. The demand 
is strictly hand to mouth with buyers looking for still lower prices. Export business 
in refined sugar has also been very light, resulting in concessions being made. Sales 
of export have been reported as low as 6c net cash in bond, although refiners’ views 
are now generally 644c to 6%c in bond. 


The work of harvesting and grinding the new crop in Cuba commenced on 
November 24th, or about two weeks later than the start last year. Private advices 
today report that seventeen factories are now at work as compared with one hundred 
and eight this time last year. The weather has continued unsettled, which has had 
a slight deterrent effect upon the start of grinding operations and the fact also that 
there is still a good stock of old crop sugars unsold in the Island together with the 
prevailing low prices have also had their influence. 

There has been little of interest. from the Continent since our last report. In 
the United Kingdom efforts are being made to discontinue the Food Control and 
instructions have been given to do so as soon after December 31, 1920, as practicable, 
although it is likely the Royal Commission will be in process of liquidation for some 
months to come. Mr. Licht, the German statistician, has issued his estimates for 
the European beet crops for 1920-21, the details of which are as under: 


1920-27 1919-20 
Tons Tons 

ES Per URESE RNG pe oe Sah are ee ee cet Si ew ee art oh a 1,200,000 739,548 
GepetuneSsliga kate oo tee oc er ee me Ar re ete 725,000 489,366 
JTS Se Seyret etre PRS ERA = Os AER oer ete 10,000 5,132 
on op BeOS BRS Jee ae est ar Sear epee erator 25,000 8,019 
PS] Ot ae al eee eae eet ap ed, SU Pyrpsoe eek Se eee tei 200,000 140,000 
Ln ee: RE ee ee te ore ne ee ee tere pee ieee 300.060 172,495 
PS ETS See es ee eto ee tee eee cy eee mee CC 235,000 146,918 
iene en ena oo eee ee ee, oe eee rs ale 300,005 238,692 
Wotsl. Soe as Poses cee ees Ones 2,995,000 1,940,170 
fens UREAING 5 oc dae fg ou dace eases a a ee lor 50,000 86.691 
Other countries . ..--..-------- +--+ +--+ +000 eee eee e reese 725,000 597,318 
otal _.......-. 2.5 sas 3.770.009 2,624,179 


Our cable from the Philippine Islands reports no exports of sugar to the United 
States during the month of November. 

Our cable from Java reports 58,000 tons shipped during November and destined 
either for Atlantic ports or Europe with probably the major portion of this quantity 
coming to the Ailantic ports. 


New York, N. ¥.. December 27, 14920. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 33 


REVISTA AZUCARERA 
Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


Cuando publicamos nuestra tltima revista del mercado de azticar de Nueva 
York, los aztiicares crudos se cotizaban bajo la base de 4%4c¢ costo y flete, siguiendo 
mayores bajas hasta Negar al punto mas bajo del afio el 15 de diciembre, 0 sea 3%c 
costo y flete. Sin embargo, desde entonces ha habido una ligera reacci6n, y los 
-azacares crudos volvieron al precio de 4%c costo y flete. Sin embargo, el precio no 
pudo sostenerse a dicha cotizaciOn, que trajo al mercado mas azticar de lo que los 
-compradores estaban dispuestos a tomar, y bien pronto tuvo lugar un precio mas- 
bajo la base de 4%c costo y flete, que cotizamos al escribir esta reseNa. El mercadu 
ha estado muy quieto durante todo este periodo, con poco incentivo por parte de los 
compradores y vendedores en llevar a cabo transacciones, influenciados por la falta 
de demando por azticares refinados. El mercado de estos Ultimos azticares siguio el 
curso de los azticares crudos, y el precio mas bajo a que se cotizan ahora por dos 
refinadores de Nueva York es 7.90c menos 2% por pago al contado, mientras que 
practicamente todos los otros refinadores de azicar de cafla en el pais cotizan bajo 
la base de Sc en el litoral de la costa. La demanda es estrictamente en poca cantidad, 
los compradores esperando atin precios mas bajos. El negocio de exportacién de 
azacar refinado ha sido también muy escaso, resultando en que se hagan con- 
eesiones. Las ventas para la exportaciOn segtin datos obtenidos han llegado al bajo 
precio de 6c pago neto al contado por azticares en depdsito, aunque las ofertas de 
los refinadores son ahora generalmente de 64%4¢ a 6%€ por azticares en depésito. 


Los trabajos de recolecci6n y molienda de la nueva zafra de Cuba empezaron el 
24 de noviembre, 0 sea como dos semanas mas tarde que el afio anterior. Noticias 
particulares manifiestan que ahora hay diez y siete ingenios en operaci6n comparado 
con ciento ocho ingenios en estas fechas el alo pasado. El tiempo ha continuado 
variable, lo cual ha causado alguna indecisi6n en el comienzo de la molienda, y 
asimismo el hecho de que todavia hay en Cuba bastantes existencias de azticar de la 
antigua zafra sin vender, junto con los precios bajos que rigen, ha dejado también 
sentir su influencia. 


Desde nuestra tltima revista ha habido poco que relatar del Continente europeo 
que merezca interés. En la Gran Bretafia se estan haciendo esfuerzos para poner 
fin a la administraci6n de subsistencias por parte del gobierno, habiéndose dado 
instrucciones para hacerlo asi pasado el 31 de diciembre tan pronto como sea prac- 
ticable, aunque es probable que la Comisién Real continfie en vias de liquidacion 
todavia durante algunos meses. Mr. Licht, estadistico aleman, ha expedido sus cal- 
culos sobre las cosechas de remolacha en Huropa para 1920-21, de lo cual damos 
detalles a continuaci6n: 


1920-21 1919-20 

Toneladas Toneladas 

PSTN A eos eras, Es a ee a ee AE Ba co Ret RDN Soe ect ae 1,200,000 739,548 
MEP E NS C) VANS Ais ree Pe nok aa a ee PE ad ios ei ois ¢ Sedo See EE 725,000 489,366 
CR TUISG TED, 5 cag ORs Ss a nt eae 10,000 532 
MARR OSR ER eer et gon Ee TIME a iumte le Ac iene We Sheela 25,000 8,019 
PE arpOPT ECA MMPs ne ney ey cee Ne cy yeast a LN LC ae a 200,000 140,000 
Earths, 0 DORR ae Say ine che ica oat a te ee ee 300,000 172,495 
Bnd lo PER Seg ats area hs Sher ney hat oee ate See esate ciate mee eS ane 235,006 146.918 
Bic ligraGlgy: Eine seer aire e haere ccna USES SG ae a ee fea 300,000 238,692 
GSS TBs ag Se SA Set ae a ea tp AE Sia ieee yeas gle tere rur ta aale 2,995,000 1,940,170 

Rua Toma Vaa Cale shln Cater sa see nr appt see ioe dic aie as eee ee a 50,000 86,691 
MESEROSERN DISCS iain econ os eos 2 es ee eae SS AG ie Ba rata 725,009 597,318 


ROUEN Uitte oe ab a ne ee se Pein Mae rt eee 3,770,000 2,624,179 


34 THE CUBA REVIEW) 


Las noticias que hemos recibido por cable de las Islas Filipinas manifiestan que 
durante el mes de noviembre no hubo exportaciones de azicar a los Estados Unidos. 

Las noticias recibidas por cable de Java dicen que durante noviembre se ex- 
portaron 58,000 toneladas de azticar, con destino a puertos del Atlantico 0 a Europa, 
la mayor parte de esta cantidad probablemente viniendo a puertos del Atlantico. 


Nueva York, diciembre 27, 1920, 


INCREASED SUGAR-CANE CROP FOR 
TRINIDAD 


It is anticipated that the sugar-cane 
crop of Trinidad for the new crop year 
is likely to be between 25 and 30 per cent. 
greater than for the last year, making a 
record crop for Trinidad. The high prices 
which have prevailed for sugar during the 
last several years have caused a great 
deal more land than ever to be put into 
sugar cane. 

The annual cane farming and sugar- 
crop returns of Trinidad for the year 
1920, as prepared by the -local firm of 
Edgar Tripp & Co., show for the crop 
year of 1919-20 a total of 58,416 tons of 
sugar made, as compared with 47,850 tons 
for the previous year. The highest sugar 
output for Trinidad during the last 20 
years was in 1916-17, when 70,891 tons of 
sugar were made, but the next year the 
output, owing to the froghopper pest, fell 
to 45,256 tons, from which subsequently 
there has been a gradual recovery. During 
‘the last crop year there were 14,536 East 
Indian cane farmers and 10,824 West 
Indian cane farmers engaged in the local 
sugar industry, as compared with 12,37 
East Indians engaged in the industry dur- 
ing the previous year. 

During the last several years there has 
been considerable increase of efficiency in 
local sugar manufacture and considerable 
extension of factory facilities. The sugar 
estates and factories controlled in Eng- 
land have spent considerable 
amounts in recent years for improvements 
and extensions. 

There is every indication of a late crop 
of coeo in Trinidad this year, the earliest 
output expected being about the end of 
December or the first 


generally 


half of January. 


The crop of 1919-20 was estimated to be 
about 60,000,000 pounds, which was about 
an average crop. There is considerable 
discouragement at present over the de- 
cline in prices, which has amounted to 
about 85 per cent. since early in June. 
The English and continental markets have 
lately seemed practically closed to Trini- 
dad coco. The United States seems the 
only dependable buyer of Trinidad coco. 
The consumption of coco is obviously ad- 
versely affected by the scarcity of sugar 
necessary for its manufacture into choco- 
late, but it is hoped that with the much 
easier market now prevailing for sugar a 
greater consumption of coco and improved 
prices may result—Consul Henry OD. 
Baker, Trinidad, British West Indies. 


PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION 


Word has been received here of the pro- 
posed organization of Philippine sugar pro- 
ducers into an association, which by super- 
vising the marketing of the Philippine 
crop will be able to protect its members 
against market disturbance and maintain 
more stable conditions. The association 
is to be modeled, it is stated, along the 
lines of the recently formed organization 
of Cuban producers. A somewhat similar 
organization, which controls sales of the 
bulk of the crop, also exists in Java. 


CUBA CANE SUGAR CORPORATION 


A quarterly dividend of $1.75 per share 
has been declared upon the Preferred 
Stock of this Corporation, payable Janu- 
ary 83rd, 1921, to stockholders of record 
at the close of business December 15th, 
1920. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Cable “ Turnure”’ FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of 
Collection and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public 
and Industrial Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection 
of Drafts, Coupons, etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and 
Letters of Credit on Havana and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, 
Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo and Central and South America. 


CORRESPONDENTS : 

HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank Ltd. 

Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: j Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


THE Cusa REVIEW has ready for delivery a Map of the Island 
of Cuba, showing the location of all the active sugar plantations 
in Cuba and giving other data concerning the sugar industry 
of Cuba. Size 2934 x 24. Price $1.00 postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


82 Beaver St., New York 


HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


ENGINES, BOILERS ann MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. | Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


A. KLING, Prop. 
JAS. § BOGUE, Supt. MOBILE, ALA. oA SPECIALTY 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks’’ New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 


Engineers, Boiler Makers & Manufacturers, Steamship Repairs in all Branches, 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


Agents for “ Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


30 


Please mention THE OUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


36 Dee, ‘OU BeA “Rew Vt EW 


cane Hauling..... 
At Lower Costs 


Slow moving oxen and lost time while carts are being loaded 
reduce your profits, Valuable cane land that must now be 
used as pasture for oxen curtails production, 


You can now eliminate such drawbacks and haul cane speedily 
and economically by using trucks equipped with the 


THOMAS 


Demountable Cane Body 
for Motor Trucks 


( PATENT APPLIED FOR ) 


This body is simplicity itself. No gears or winches to jam or 
get out of order. No need to use skids, The truck is con- 
stantly kept on the go hauling cane, 


Initial investment is low and the average total cost of hauling 
is less than 25 cents per kilometer per 100 arrobas. In addi- 
tion, that land now used for pasture can be released for pro- 


duction, 


SPECIALLY MADE FOR ALE Ssizis OF 
WHITE TRUCKS AND; SCRE ONEVY EY. 


FRANK ROBINS (70. 


HABANA - 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA 


REVIEW 37 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 


constructor de trasbordadores superiores 


Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 
bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘ La Victoria.” 


A Weekly Publication of 


International Interest 


It covers every fiela and phase of the industry 
WRITE FOR SAMPLE COPY 


Subscription $3.00 Per Year 


Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


—Ofrecemos sujetas 4 
Calderas venta prior las sig- 


uientes calderas de uso: 


10--B & W 275 H. P. 


125 lbs. Presioén 
12--Sotter Bros. 140 H. P. 
de retorno tubular---90 Ibs. Presién 
CHIEF ENGINEER’S OFFICE 
National Sugar Refining Co. of N. J. 
YONKERS, N. Y. (U.S. A.) 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL ST. 
Cable Address, ‘‘ Tide, New York”’ 


BANK OF CUBA IN NEW YORK | 


34 Wall St., New York 


Associate Bank of National Bank of Cuba 


General banking business transacted 
with special facilities for handling 
Cuban items through the National 
Bank of Cuba and its 92 branches 
and agencies. 


We are especially interested in dis- 
counting Cuban acceptances. 


Current Interest Rates Paid on Deposit Accounts 
subject to check. 


Loans, Discounts, Collections and Letters of 
Credit will receive our best attention. 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 

Asst. Cashier 
Asst. Cashier 


L. G. JONES 
J. W. ALBAUGH 


Se habla Espafiol 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY | 
Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business. 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


WANTED!! 


Back volumes of “ The International 
Sugar Journal” for the years 1896- 
IQOI-1904-1905-1908-1911 ; “ Louis- 
jana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer” 
from July 1889 to June 1918 ; “Cuba 
Review ” irom January 1903 to July 
1919; and “Sugar” from January 
1899 to October 1919. 


Those willing to sell should correspond 
with the Secretary, Sugar Bureau, 


PUSA, BIHAR, INDIA. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


38 THH CUBA REVIEW 


Kinney Para Mieles 


Presi6én Positiva. Envolos Rotatorios, Sin 
Muelles ni Valvulds. Forrado interiormente 
de Bronce. La Mas econémica para bombear 
liquidos espestos, como mirles, acieites guar- 
apos, etc. Funciona actualmente con el 
mejor éxito en muchos ingenios y refinerfas, 
Capacidades de 50 4 800 galones por minuto. 


Pidanse precios y pormenores 4 


Newell Manufacturing Company 
SINGER BUILDING - NEW YORK 


Agentes para Cuba y la demis Antillas 


ECONOMY renewable FUSES 


EASIER THAN EVER TO RENEW 


The first renewable fuses using an inexpensive bare renewal link for restoring a blown fuse to its 
original efficiency to be APPROVED IN ALL CAPACITIES by the Underwriters’ Laboratories 


Full Protection! Full Efficiency 7 Full Economy! 


Economy renewable Fuses have a long and distinguished record for giving dependable pro- 
tection, high ‘efficiency and low operating costs in use on electrical circuits in sugar mills and on 
plantations in the United States and Cuba. 

The knife-blade type Economy renewable Fuse is easier than ever to renew. Simply 
unlock the winged washer, remove the fused link, insert a new Economy ‘‘ Drop Out’’ renewal 
Link, relock the washer and the fuse is ready for continued service. No loss of time, no inconven- 
ience, no waste, for all that is destroyed in a blown fuse is the inexpensive strip of fusible metal. 

Economy Fuses cut operating costs 80% as compared with the use of ‘‘one time’’ fuses. 

Economy Fuses and Economy ‘“‘Drop Out’’ renewal Links, since December 1, 1919, have 
carried the ‘‘ Underwriters’ Laboratories Inspected ’’ labels and symbols IN ALL CAPACI- 
TIES—from 0 to 600 amperes in both 250 and 600 volts. 


Install Economy Fuses at once. 
Sold by leading electrical dealers and jobbers everywhere. 


ECONOMY FUSE & MFG. CO., - - - CHICAGO, U.S.A. 


Economy Fuses also are made in Canada at Montreal. 


CUPEY SUGAR COMPANY GUANTANAMO SUGAR COMPANY 

At a recent meeting of the Board of The Board of Directors has declared a 
Directors of the Cupey Sugar Company dividend of fifty cents (50c.) per share on 
the following oificers were elected for the the new no par value stock of the com- 
ensuing year: pany for the quarter ending December 51, 

President, Thomas A. Howell; Vice- 1920, payable January 38, 1921, to stock- 
President. H. W. Wilmot; Treasurer, holders of record at the close of business 
Howard J. Pullum; Secretary, Lorenzo December 18, 1920. The Transfer Books 
DPD. Armstrong. will not be closed. 


Please vention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


PHE CUBA REVIEW 39 


Crust Company of Cuba 


CAPITAL - - - - - $500,000 
SURPLUS - - - - $750,000 


TRANSACTS A 


GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 
OswalldVA- Hornsby.s.s25 0.5. sede ness President 
Claudio G. Mendoza......... ...... Vice-President 
James M. Hopgood ...... ......... Vice-President 
Rogelio Carbajal.............. ..... Vice-President 
PAIDELEOMMIATQUEZ, vn): - 2c enje ee sec aece Treasurer 
SilvrojSalienup. =... 22-6 2-1-1 Assistant Treasurer 
MANS Perez BYavOl...--2.---: =. < Assistant Treasurer 
OscearaCargajalsnctecs-2 4s os) oe eee wi clorerel= Secretary 
William M. Whitner........ Manager Real Estate 


and Insurance Depts. 


ELTING MANUPACTURERS 


NEW YORK,N.Y. 


Casa Turull | 


Our established relations with manufac- 
turers and large volume of business, 
allow us to quote advantageously on 
all classes ot 


RAW MATERIALS 


Chemical Products 
Caustic Soda—Bicarbonate —Soda Ash 
Muriatic Acid — Nitric—Sulphuric Acid 
Oils—Greases —Waxes 
Gums—Glues—Dextrines 
Fertilizers 


We also offer a full line of 
Sugar Bleach and Filtering Materials 
Tanners’ Extracts and Oils 
Paints and Preservatives 
Insecticides and Disinfectants 
Essences Herbs - Condiments 
Drugs and Chemical Specialties 
and all other requirements 


FOR ALL INDUSTRIES 


We feel it will be to your advantage to permit 
us to figure on your requirements when you are 
next in the market. 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 


140 Liberty St., New York 
2 & 4 Muralla, Havana 


Santiago Cienfuegos Camaguey Matanzas 
Porto Rican Representatives: 


UNION COMMERCIAL CORPORATION 
Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P.R 


The Royal Bank « Canada 


Fundado en 1869 


Capital Pagado- - - - - $15,000,000 
Fondo de Reserva - - - -  15,000.009 
Activo Total - - - - - - 420,000,000 


QUINENTAS CINCUENTA SUCURSALES 
VEINTE Y OCHO SUCURSALES EN CUBA 
CINCO SUCURSALES EN LA HABANA 


LONDRES: 2 Bank Buildings, Princes Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Catalufia 6 


Corresponsales en todas las Plazas Bancables 
del mundo. Se expiden CARTAS DE CREDITO 
para viajeros en DOLLARS, LIBRAS ESTERLI- 
NAS y PESETAS, valederas sin descuentoalguno. 


En el DEPARTAMENTO DE AHORROS se 
admiten depésitos a interés desde CINCO PESOS 
en adelante. . 


Sucursal Principal en la Habana: Obrapia 33 


Administradores 
R. DE AROZARENA F. W. BAIN 


Supervisor de Sucursales 
F. J. BEATTY 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 
t1o pounds or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in third-class. 


“WEEK-END” TICKETS 


FIRST- AND THIRD-CLASS 


are on sale from Havana to all stations of the United Railways (except Rincon and 
such as are located at less than twenty kilometres from Havana) and vice versa, valid 
going on Saturdays and returning on any ordinary train the following Sunday or Monday 


at very low rates. 


PRADO, 118 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


FRANK ROBERTS, General Passenger Agent 


HAVANA, CUBA 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


40 IH CO UlByA SRY. Law 
U i d R i f H VY 
a 
nite allways c avana 
CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS . 
] ar j o . mi ] 
No. II No. 1.No. 7.No.19 No. 5.No.15 No.3 No.9 = HAVANA N0.2 No. 8 No.20 No. 6 No.16 No. 4.No. 10 — 
PM/}PM|PM!/]PM/!PM | AM/AM/|AM/S AM |A M;| AM} PM! PM! PM! PM|A 
AO |Lv. Ar | *...9 
10.35 tego 9.30] 4.01} 1.01] 11.51| 8.20| 620 |Central Station| 6.23| 7.50| 9.50| 3.16) 6.01| 7.18] 9.30] 6.34 
h ; | Ar. Lv.| | 
Mee 12.41 | 11.43 | 6.35 | 3.12| 2.25| 1012] 8.52] 58]...Matanzas ..| 4.10] 5.26| 7.05] 1.02 | 3.15 | 5.06| 6.59 a 
PM AM PM | PM . 
nstice « $1. 4:004| 18:50 6,14 )| 20. senile 50 | 12 50 Iog]...Cardenas....|.....-| 12.05] 500] 9.30|......| 140] 3,50 4 
| PM | | AM 
weseee|-s+ cee Bel) Nes. cferel MLLER GM minis cece 335] 3-35 LION ISA LUA se oiciviow| steilaas [ILL 55 h\ree tea Ones verses! IT.55 | I1.55 + +e 
| | 
sweceele cece 9.15 |. etecen| 76d0)|| (7.30)| 230). .calbarien. .« 8.00 |... ck] vis oc 0s) a tie eect SCORN) meen oa 
6 00 | AM |..... QLOONS Sees see ote 180} .Santa Clara..| 11.00) PM |...... 7 :4O'l\..0:0 were sine ee tall eee 4 
| | | | 
(eS) | [Bocca eceeere tance ct logeioricl ic Guee leuaegor|. 4.30,1/stg5]|.,..Cienfueeos.-. fen acts) hols stelle, an] oeeleel seem | 11.00 | 11.00 | 10.00 
AM | | PM | PM AM | AM | PM 
ee 9.55 | wasieied\occicliafees sees steiose| 241) SANCEESpIFItUS'] 4.45 |)... scl pee ls verdes] ove cet] Aen a seek 
AM ) 
AB 11.45 | Osis, lacuna do ac 276,Ciego de Avila) 3.45 12.40 alee wiataee a 
PM AM | ! 
Soooe 3.05 | GOO eteeCi- soi ene i AO ee eaMaAgVey pm leatSi leno 9.15 s apo. ao 
PM PM PM 
B eatein al} Cats ararel|lemietowts)| tect ote BAS il eartaere | orients 520 LST OMEUS shale onrats| loaouln| | Saatee TO.4O |. see+s|serees|ecrece| sonal 
| SSace BOON aerate liam areniey|| MOPEOI erm ete stall betel ora ell \omteras eile SAG] oe OANILIA LO) ate eL2.O10| eer 9) 30) we seere oan 
AM PM AM AM | 
| | | 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12. 
*Via Carrefio. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAVANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
ITIENTUCROSES,...1 = «aces eerie afelee eee ees coke 3.60 $3.00 $8.00 $10.00 
Caibanlenteeccectcco vedere srae tas teenies 3.60 3.00 8.00 10.00 
Santa Glaran ois. chwocceutcosenutearecsesaee 3.60 3.00 8.00 10.00 
(CATMARTIEY Urnmatine cw sttcccesinre se ccci ons 4.20 3.50 10.00 12.00 
ATU AR Sa emdenac oe ae ee eee oaemieee 6.00 5.00 14.00 18.00 
Santiago de. Cubas. niches ccc «ecto aae 6.00 5.00 14.00 18.00 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
WieSseGyen || UASuey 
ATCA hoc misteld odes mates, daesimauenase e $30.37 ISIEtOREPINES crows oiein cle ois soe ee $7.50 
BatabanOy-seck eee ene ces ae ein 1.99 Wiad ratsra sho ay ooo ctarnte since ee 3.91 
BAN AINO Seleecertct- och Aan see 26.82 Manzanillo’ een 3. acdsnt sisson 28.59 
CalbarieM oes cgscncwis- tea eo een 13 84 Matanza Sincere ose sere tee eeetes  WaLI6 
Camagiever eee ses csp ume eels 20.14 PlAcetasias.c eee aaee cheb ee ee ere 12.36 
Cardenass 25. fore cae ee erene ee 705 REmMedlOSiis.dteeice ccc ona ceise camaneees 13.53 
Giégo de Avila sc2scteasweot nace: 16/53 |) Saguae. 2222. Rios Mwsicor bic. couse terete 10.08 
CicHIME POS TA sige chute eatente TUS) il SARA MCOM Osa jee aac s ss ruaiars te 81 
COlOn eae ete kan oe ee aici 7.20 SAnchISPInitns soccer oe eee 14.55 
GilantanaMmo. 5... ween sete cee eee: 33-26 Sarita |Glaraens te clomcte dete i sects eine 11.09 
MO loninicrs coc acceincehe cnie ots eee 27.50 5 ||’ ) Santiago.de Cubaes.: jeccemciectsemee 31.35 


THE CUBA REVIEW 41 


Ss. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
‘*PASSOL’’ SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD ST., Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


Sobrinos de Bea y Ca S. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espafia. 

INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 


MATANZAS, CUBA 


Established 50 Years Shipping Trade a Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 
Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 
{ 10062) B 
| 10063 J 
Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone 316 Henry Night Call, 2278 Henry 


Telephones: owling Green 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 


Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 


Eugravers- - Hine Statiowry 


RUIZ BUILDING 
O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P. O. Box 608 


HAVANA, CUBA 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Cable Address; Kunomale, New York 
Telephone, 3300 South 


Telephone Box 186 
215 Hamilton Maritime Exchange 
YULE & MUNRO 
SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
Boat BUILDERS, ETC. 
No. 9 Summit Street 


Near Atlantic Dock BROOKLYN 


DANIEL WEILL S ENC. 
COMERCIANTE EN GENERAL 
Especialidad en Ropa Hecha de Trabajo 


Am in a position to push the sales of 
American high-class products. Would 
represent a first-class firm. 


APARTADO 102 CAMAGUEY, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either on a 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba 


F. W. Hyvoslef E. C. Day R. M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 
Steamship Agents & Ship Brokers 


18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘ Benvosco’’ 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


42 "ie CUBA-RIE:‘VIE W 


- —~ oa - as 
ae Ce 
—- —= FOUNULATION COMPANY 
Se reek Ome 


BET RPE 


The Municipal Pier at Manhattan Beach, California. View showing Deck. 


Reinforced Concrete Piers 
AND OTHER HARBOR WORK 


Built to Withstand the Ravages 
of Time and Teredo 


THE FOUNDATION COMPANY 


Engineering Construction 


CITY OF NEW YORK: HAVANA, CUBA; 
120 LIBERTY STREET HORTER BUILDING 
The Municipal Pier at Manhattan Beach, California. View showing Struc‘ure. 


ar i 


%. is THE 2 
4 FOUNDATION COMPANY fos 
By WOOLWORTH BLOG.NEW YORK CITY 


- ORTH BLOG. WEY 
Bare SEATTLE-SAN FRANCISCO - CHicaco Bie 
FATTSOURG-ATLANTA -MEWORLEANS I 


VICTORABIC-PARS FRANCE “MONTREAL CAN fa 


PTH CUBA REVI WwW 43 


Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES: 


82 Beaver Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 
Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Keyser Building, BALTIMORE, MD. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 
New York Antilla Antilla New York 
SVS WUBIN GAN DAN ee eo ane Riebaen5 Feb. 9 Feb. 12 Feb. 16 
Ne ar We lea SJssev cpt Feb. 19 Feb. 23 Feb. 26 Mar. 2 
Sens yale nrccata cistern aieee Mar. 5 Mar. 9 Mar. 12 Mar. 16 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 
» ’ 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular Sailings as follows : 


Matanzas....Every Week | Isabela de Sagua .. Every 3 Weeks | Antilla...Every 3 Weeks 
Cardenas. Every 3 Weeks | Caibarien......... Splatt ecm aa Smiminerro, SF 5 0G. ot 
Havana..... Every Week ‘| Nuevitas..--.----: cE paceradl tea Cieniwexosn 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


ee Vik —Montevideo-buenos AITeS.....2-...22..-0.+e+e-s0 <6 Semi-monthly 
Al SUMS AWW E) Ras Sea VAT Gee ee eee eerste ReaeI ae na a ee et Monthly 


NEW YORK-—South America Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
New York to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Aires 


SiS IBAGIROIN (en) sees oars ate ee clears canta aio anes een eee rer January I9 
pee es OIE (0) Sa (0c ieee fase eae) nae Stews swf clarash a Seusigis Win Maia ba beige s Cale sis February 9 
Som tila ACWVASELING TON: (BD) sc. ccs pec otek vee eds loses teree ee March 2 


(a) ist, 2d and 3d class. (b) Ist and 2d class, 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 


ACSTEAMER—Baltimore-Havana......-....-..---2+------ Every Other, ;Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago............- Every Other Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 


FREIGHT ONLY ; 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Vera Cruz, Tampico and Progreso. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


| hs 


ee, “Ce ASR ey a wy, 


LINK=BELT 


Machinery Handles All Products 


in sugar factories, from dumping the cane to storing the bagged sugar, 
Our leadership as engineers and builders of efficient conveying systems for 
sugar estates and refineries is the result of years of experience. 


Send for our new 136 page catalog No. 355. 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 
299 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY 


ee ee 


—_ ee RN - 


ad os 
Tt 


American Car and F ae — Co. 


Direccién Telesréfica. 165 Broadway, New York, U.S 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 


Aqui se ve el grabado de uno de > nuestros Carros mas modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
de todos tipos y de varias « ipa idades para uso en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
Méjico, con bastidores y jaulas de madera o de acero, Producci6n annual de mAs de 100,000 Carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA Representante para Cuba 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


ST 


NBA REVIEW 


4 


ied by the Munson Steamship Line 62-92 Beaver Street, NewYork Cit 


Te) 


2 TH HO ULB! RE VL Dew 


Chuchos o Cambiavias, Ranas o Corazones, 


CRUZAMIENTOS, CABALLETES DE MANIOBRA PARA 
FERROCARRILES, RIELES, &c. 


URANTE mis de 35 afios nuestros Talleres—siem- 
pre montados 4 la moderna—se han dedicado 4 la 
fabricacién de Rieles, Chuchos, Cruzamientos y 
otros Accesorios para los Ferrocarriles Americanos, 

y siempre hemos procurado corresponder 4 las necesidades 
de nuestros clientes suministrandoles materiales de primera 
al precio mas reducido, 

Nuestra Seccién Técnica esta 4 disposicion de nuestros 
clientes, y para ayudarnos interpretar debidamente sus nec- 
esidades y evitar demoras inconvenientes, al pedir precios 
6 remitir encargos, es sumamente importante nos den los 
detalles correspondientes. 

Sirvase dirigir la correspondencia 4 

WEIR FROG COMPANY 
43 Cedar St., New York, E.E. U.U. 
(Direccion cablegrafica : JAMOTLEY, NEWYORK) 


JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente 


JAMES M. MOTLEY 43 CEDAR oe 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 


THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 
GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO. LTD. 
THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 
STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan : Locomotoras 
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Aserraderos 
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Carros de Ingenios idad de 30 toneladas. 
Hacemos una especialidad de juegos de herrajes, incluyendo los juegos de rue- 
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A 802 


RAMAPO IRON WORKS, 30 Church St., NEW YORK, N. Y. caste appRess 


ALIAM 


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Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 


Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Night Phone 
Phone Broad WI t105 Bay Ridge 
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powmsnc’S? SUGARS —*ahi88b 


82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guanajay from 5 A. M.to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P.M. - 
Fare (Round Trip), $1.40 


Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


e 
Guines ee from 5.50 A. M. to 7.50 P. M. Last train 11.10 P. M. 
Fare (Round Trip), $1.92 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANAS FORTRESS) FROM 
LUZ BERRY, HAVANA, TO 


ieee: (Okteany eos edesccawces wonoope SoG eeecEBennscoe $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway)........-- sit 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry) ......... .06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to 5 A.M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A.M. to 11 P.M. 


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JACKSON 


TUBULAR BARROWS 


are made with extra deep pressed trays. 
No seams or rivets to prevent complete 
discharge of load, 


TT Tubular Barrow—3 Cu. Ft. 
WRITE FOR CATALOG 


THE JACKSON MANUFACTURING Co. 
HARRISBURG, PA. 


Insist upon Walker’s “LION” Packing 


Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 


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Genuine and the ‘‘Lion’’ Brass Trade Mark 
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TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


PMj|PM}PM/!AM)} AM)! AM/| Fare Fare| AM;| AM/ PM! PMji PM| PM 
6.15] 2.55) 1-45) 10.15 6.55) 5.45 tstcl.) Lv. Cen. Sta...Ar)3dcl.| 7.20) tf.09| 12.01; 320] 7.09] 8.00 
8.24] 4.24} 3.55 | 12.24) 824) 7.55 | $2.65 |Ar...Artemisa..Lv| $1.40 5.15) 9.40] 9.45| 1.15} 5.40] 5.45 
SES he al eee wea 9.5. mms 85.19 Ar. PasoReal..Lv 2.54 ..... B05 |i -oese es 4 O05 
aera Toy be Sel Rate ete eis 5.62 | Ar. Herradura .Lv| 2:74 |-....-| 7.48 |... -.|2--<c0| SQeeeee 
Seog 6.56 |..-.--|--.-.-| 10.56] 7.30] 6711 Ar.Pinardel RioLv| 3.25 |.....-| 6.55 |.-----|--- <--| 2.554 ge 

S40 | 5... nse =e] 12.40 | 11.45| 8.83) Ar....Guane...Ly] 4.22|...... 5204's cos ah once 1.20} 2.00 


Round Trip Fares From Havana To 


Arroyo Naranjo......... 24 cts. Rancho Boyeros........ 38 cts. 
TROLLEY Calabazarn ose See 26 cts. Santiago de las Vegas...50 cts. 


Rivecon 23. eee eee 60 cts. 


TRIPS 


Leaving Central Station every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 7.15 P. M., 
and every hour thereafterto 11.15 P M 


“WEEK-END” TICKETS 


FIRST- AND THIRD-CLASS 


are on sale from Havana to all points on the Western Railway of Havana west of 
Rincon and vice versa. These tickets are valid going on Saturdays and returning 
on any ordinary train the following Sunday and Monday, and are sold at very low 
rates. 


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“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 82-92 Beaver Street, New York 


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VoL. XIX PEBRUARY. 1921 No. 3 
Contents of This Number 
Cover Page—Gardens, Central Cunagua, Province of Camaguey. 
Frontispiece—Monument of Indians of Cuba, Oriente. 
PAGE 
Cuban Commercial Matters: 
Advice to Cuban Shippers..... Soa tes eee ca Deke to cents oom Senseo ead seoea tenon ceceustaecte 26 
iDsqoeris one Siages (We (Cbloe cet recerececossaceeeccoo reo Bie aT 
Exports from Nuevitas to the United States See oe ee oer tee 26 
Pour Per Cent. Commercial Tax...-.........scc.----e0- CS oh Solsoeect, Coseaee et Od 
Fuel Stocks and Fueling Facilities at Cienfuego ee pea = ie 29 
Importation of Weather and Shoes into Cuba in .g--.i-...- oc sccccenecceccenrereccnsnensacenoee 28, 29 
ANMesvvan Goan Commparnyseetercrcnccstctctescas aesceee evens ats-cusncuasseceeecscmerascarseaserenceee= su eecdesceswo=~ sen cerctannzwnancrans 27 
New Corporation ....ecccccscseccseseseseseseseseseecsnsrensnsnenencscccscsescecersssssssssseseansnaneneceecersesscacacseessscicasestessossss 27 
Norwegian Paving Blocks for Cuba ....ecsccsccsceccecseeeseesetecsenscescecersescnssessnsesecsessnsecsenansecsensceecess 27 
Tiraudle: qnvtdliy (CAREC) ecesaneeeartce neneceeo-corecochececkocéeec tec cover By aOcEene >: eee nEESSonGe cnthbe pace coe Cee ooAAcar eR eCeReCCOnG 27 
Cuban Financial Matters: 
Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 30 
Traffic Receipts of Cuban Railroads... cieccccecsceeccesscesscenceneeceeeceaeeceesssessssetecsasceecesetaes A ait 
Cuban Government Matters: 
Diplomatic Appointments 7 
The Financial Situation............ 7 
Wea IBIGGHOTIS — byeeccecsocnacscececcecnecieeecr ouzdeceeac cose 2 Ce EC LES Ene SL aCe ECcRe uo Ceo doac or coCoc accede Eaeoce coeCSOceboOLeheDECaneeccde 7 
Cuba’s Tobacco Industry, Illustrated, by H. O. Neville....14, 15, 16, 7A, Ie, US AD i 2, ee AE DS 
Plavana Correspondence .........ceccesccecenceeccenceccecesesesesescecssenccensensterstccecsenscnceenccessencnnesrsscscans Osetia 2 US 
Laws of Cuba with Respect to Personal Property........c.scecceccescerscesseseesseesenscnsenseenernecnasecescencresensnessnsess 13 
Statue to Crrban PocteSs.......cssccccssscccesssccesscceenseceesceceensccsescecercesessccsteasssnasceenscenececsraccecsssensececsasecnncereressanes 13 
Subway for Curba.......ccscsccccsceccseeccecesssccssscessssscescnscsssscscscncnseacsesessesescsssecsessettacrsssssesescasaasececacrensnsseceessasassstsns 13 
*The Sugar Industry: 
European Sugar Prospects.........ss:cccceccsceseccsenseccseecscsccecascsessnsrersenenssusnceeaceceesecesesnaarcnssrcnenscassseees 32 
Jamaica Sugar Crop for 1920 36 
Sugar Exports from Cuba to the United States.........e..cececcsessessscsetensesetecscesnerecessesssrensnanecaes oe 


Sugar Review, English 


Sugar Review, Spanish 


nument of Indians of Cuba, Oriente. 


i? F Pa 


vere Bee 


THE 


CUBA. REVIEW 2" 
NEW 
; \ BOT ANE 
PAE ABOU TL CUBA GAR jr 
Copyright, 1922, by the Munson Steamship Line 
VOLUME XIX FEBRUARY, 1921 NUMBER 3 


CUBAN GOVERNMENT MATTERS 


THE FINANCIAL SITUATION 


The moratorium in Cuba which became 
effective last Octuber by Presidential de- 
cree ended on January 31st, and Cuba has 
entered upon the legislative program for 
solving the financial difficulties with a 
sliding scale of payment. 

The new moratorium law, effective 
February ist, provides for gradual pay- 
ments of obligations, starting with 15 per 
cent. Mercantile establishments have 105 
days, if they request it, to liquidate obli- 
gations, and banking institutions 155 
days, if they also ask for it. However, 
any concern availing itself of the privl- 
leges of this law and then failing to meet 
any one of the payments upon the speci- 
fied dates will fall forfeit to the applica- 
tion of the law. 

Another law, which is regarded as of 
great importance, provides the machinery 
for the liquidation of such banks or com- 
mercial houses as may become obliged to 
suspend payment and also for their reor- 
ganization in every way. This law has 
been founded upon the fundamentals of 
the law governing Federal receiverships 
in the United States. 

Bank deposits in Cuban banks which 
have been made since October 10, 1920, 
are generally considered by the public to 
be exempt from the moratorium, and 
prospective depositors have been assured 
of that fact by the banks. However, a 
Presidential decree might be passed to 
subject such deposits to a moratorium or 
bank depositors might pass a resolution 
to hold the deposits. No judicial decision 
has been handed down on this question, 


although bankers feel that the Supreme 
Court would hold that the decree of 
October 10 applied only to obligations al- 
ready existing on that date. 


NEW ELECTIONS 


Partial elections in districts where the 
courts or election boards have nullified 
the results of the Cuban Presidential elec- 
tion last November will be held about 
March 1, according to an announcement 
made by Maj. Gen. Enoch Crowder, These 
elections will be marked by absolute im- 
partiality and will determine the ques- 
tion as to the candidate who will be the 
next President of Cuba. The results in 
enough districts to leave the election in 
doubt have been annulled. 

The rules laid down by the Central 
Electoral Board under the recent legis- 
lation passed by Congress will govern the 
partial elections. 


DIPLOMATIC APPOINTMENTS 


The Ministry of Foreign Relations has 
extended permission to Sefior Jose Buigas 
to exercise the functions of Spanish Con- 
sul in the City of Havana. The Ministry 
has also authorized the transfer of the 
following chancellors: Senior Marino 
Estrada y Velazquez from the consulate 
at Bordeaux to La Havre; Sefior Rogelio 
Tonarely y Chaumont from the consulate 
at Rome to Bordeaux; Sefior Valentin 
Rivay Abreu from the consulate at Mobile 
to Coatzacoalcos; and Senor Jose Barra- 
que y Gonzalez from Coatzacoalcos to 
Mobile. 


8 Tey GU AaB Vielod vy. 


HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE 


January 26th, 1921. 


PRESIDENT HOLDS NEW YEAR’S DAY RECEPTION: On January 1st President 
and Mrs. Menocal received, as is the usual custom in Cuba. The Diplomatic Corps, 
Supreme Court, Senators and Representatives, Provincial Governors, Mayor of the 
City of Havana, Consular Corps and representatives of the press called at the Presi- 
dential Palace. The official reception extended from 1 o’clock P. M. to 4:30 P. M. The 
different groups were received separately, and both President Menocal and Mrs, 
Menocal chatted for a few moments with the different members of the groups as they 
were presented by the Secretary of State. This custom had its inception with the 
first President of the Republic, don Tomas Estrada Palma, and has been steadfastly 
maintained throughout the different administrations of subsequent Presidents. 


COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS INSISTS THAT DUTIES ON MERCHANDISE BE PAID: 
Mr. O. B. Gans, Acting Collector of Customs of the Port of Havana, has issued a 
circular calling attention to existing laws and regulations covering the withdrawal 
from customs warehouses of merchandise declared and liquidated for the payment 
of duty. In future the regulations will be strictly followed, and merchandise on 
which duties are not paid within three days following liquidation by the customs 
authorities will be sent to General Stores, wharfage and storage will be charged 
against it, and after due announcement it will be sold at public auction. 

It is believed that this step has been under consideration by Treasury officials 
for some time as a means for the rapid clearing up of the wharves, but that great 
pressure has been brought to bear both locally and from abroad to prevent it. Deputy 
Collector Gans’ announcement would seem to indicate that determined action will 
now be taken and that private interests are to be sacrificed if necessary for the 
general good. 


“QUEDAN” SYSTEM TO BE ABOLISHED: Following representations made by the 
Merchants’ Association of Havana to the Secretary of the Treasury in connection 
with the large sums of money deposited by the merchants with the Collector of Cus- 
toms to guarantee payment of duties on merchandise withdrawn from the Custom 
House under the “Quedan” system, the Secretary of the Treasury has issued a state- 
ment declaring that the department will proceed with all despatch possible to liquidate 
these ‘“Quedans.” This will mean that a sum exceeding $1,000,000 will be refunded 
to merchants in Havana. This action on the part of the Secretary of the Treasury 
has met with the general approval of the merchants of Havana, since it has always 
been the case that money which is deposited with the Government in such instances 
is returned only after exceeding long delays and the importers in Havana haye 
always had large sums outstanding with the Government to cover deposits which 
they have made on merchandise. 


RAILROADS ASK PRESIDENT TO VETO BILL PREVENTING RATE RAISES: 
The railroad passenger and freight rate increases which became effective the middle 
of this month have met with a general protest from the public as a whole, and the 
situation has become so acute that the railroads have petitioned the President to 
veto a bill recently passed by the Cuban Senate preventing the raises in freight and 
passenger rates which had been allowed by the Cuban Railroad Commission. The 
railroads maintain that the increased cost of maintaining and operating the railroads 
will not be entirely covered by the recent raise which was permitted by the Railroad 
Commission, but at the same time the public considers that these excessive rates are 
prohibitive. What the outcome of this controversy will be we are not in position 
at this time to say. 


CRIME WAVE SEEMS TO BE WORLD-WIDE: The crime wave which has been sa 


THE CUBA REVIEW 9 


marked during the past six months in the North has not left Cuba untouched. There 
is a noticeable increase in the number of robberies which are occurring both in the 
city and outlying districts and recently several gruesome murders have been coni- 
mittéd in Havana, which cases are baffling the local police forces in their efforts to run 
down the perpetrators. The criminals are becoming bolder and much attention has 
been given -to their activities by the police forces of the city. 


FALSE RUMOR OF UPRISING IN CUBA: We have noticed from the American 
press that credence was given to the report that an uprising of the colored race in 
Cuba was imminent. That this uprising is not going to take place is absolutely sure, 
and as far as we can ascertain there is no discontent in Cuba among the colored race 
at this time, nor has there been for some years. 


NEW BANK ORGANIZED IN HAVANA: ‘The Mercantile Trust Company, located 
at No. 198 Monte St., Havana, has been granted a charter to engage actively in tke 
banking business in Cuba with a paid-up capital of $250,000. The officers of this 
bank are Bernard L. Barker, President; Sr. Manuel R. Alarcon, Vice-President and 
General Manager; the Secretary is Dr. Heliodoro Gil, and Sr. Luis Valladares will 
act as Treasurer. The list of officers is suggestive of strength, and we have every 
reason to believe that this bank will enjoy a signal success. 


BANCO NACIONAL DE CUBA RETRENCHING: With the idea of effecting econ- 
omy until the present financial crisis has passed, the Banco Nacional de Cuba has 
closed practically all of its branches on the Island, which numbered one hundred 
and thirty, leaving only those open for business located in the largest cities of each 
province. In Havana only the central office of the Banco Nacional is open, all.of the 
many branches throughout the city having been closed. This action, of course, has 
thrown many out of employment. It is stated that this closing of branch houses is. 
only temporary and that they will be reopened as soon as conditions become normal, 
Just when this will be there is no telling. 


HARBOR NOTES: The United Fruit Company steamer ‘San Pablo,’ which: 
grounded at the entrance to Havana Harbor during December, was successfully 
floated by the Merritt & Chapman Wrecking & Dredging Company tug “Relief.” 
After slight repairs in Havana had been made to the “San Pablo” she was towed to 
Key West by the tug ‘Relief,’ from which port she will be taken to New York to 
undergo extensive repairs which are necessary. The Swedish steamship “Marmen,’” 
which arrived in Havana on January 12th, had a narrow escape from suffering the 
same fate as the United Fruit steamer “San Pablo,” in that when entering the harbor 
with a pilot aboard the steering gear of the ship failed to operate and for a time it 
was feared that she would surely go ashore. However, the engines were reversed 
and the pilot by clever manipulation finally managed to bring the ship safely into 
the port. 

' The port authorities are taking vigorous steps to safeguard health on the Island 
by insisting upon frequent fumigation of ships from Mexican ports and also by 
sending any suspect cases among immigrants arriving from Spain to Triscornia for 
observation. Recently, however, three members of the crew of the Italian steamer 
“Savoia” were found to have well developed cases of yellow fever and these were 
immediately given necessary attention by the harbor physician and the cases were 
isolated. Recently the Port of Veracruz, Mexico, was included among those against 
which Cuba maintains a quarantine. 


POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS: Although the Cuban courts are finding that some 
irregularities took place throughout the Island during the recent Presidential elec- 
tions, due in most instances to a misunderstanding of the new Crowder Electoral 


10 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Law, it is generally conceded that Dr. Alfedo Zayas is the choice of the Cuban people 
for President. While in the Provinces of Santa Clara, Camaguey and Oriente the 
Supreme Court has found that some of the electoral precincts showed irregularities, 
it is not considered that the result of their findings will materially affect the victory 
of Dr. Zayas. General Enoch HW, Crowder, who was sent to Cuba by the American 
Government to investigate the recent elections as well as other questions of im- 
portance, has not been able to find that the irregularities which were so much talked 
of by the Liberal party really have a material effect upon the ultimate outcome of 
the elections, and we understand he has communicated this information to the Wash- 
ington Government. Rumors that President Menocal would resign the Presidency 
as a result of the findings of General Crowder have been officially denied and we 
are not inclined to believe that any credence can be given them. 


SUGAR: On the 15th of January there were 121 centrals grinding, as against 
197 at this time last year. This fact is significant of the price that will doubtless 
maintain for this crop. The growers of sugar cane are, and we believe with justifica- 
tion, alarmed at the failure of sugar to rise out of the depressed low level to which 
it fell the latter part of 1920, At present prices (about four and a half cents) there 
is absolutely no profit in manufacturing or growing sugar and one of the main reasons 
given for the fact is that labor, administration and operating costs have not been 
reduced in anything like a reasonable proportion to the drop that has been ex- 
perienced by sugar. The present price is on a parity with pre-war prices, but ferti- 
lizers, fuel, labor and administration have made no appreciable concessions and the 
ingenios and growers find themselves operating with scant, if any, profit. 


The attitude of labor has been the cause of some alarm to sugar planters on the 
eastern end of the Island, since they have practically refused to work in the fields 
at any material reduction in their wages. It must be acknowledged that they have 
‘some argument on their side of the controversy, since foodstuffs, clothing, shoes, 
-etc., have been reduced only slightly as compared with the reduction in wages that 
tthe laborers are required to accept. It is true that here in Havana on every hand 
are to be seen announcements of great reductions in prices, but a close analysis of 
‘these reductions reveals that, in many instances, the dealers are simply working 
off surplus stocks of shop-worn merchandise, In the interior, we are reliably in- 
formed, even these reductions have not taken place, and had they done so they would 
not materially affect the common laborer, as his principal requirement is food as 
the is usually scantily clad and only possesses enough clothing for his immediate 
meeds. The great majority of the laborers who come to Cuba are here for the sole 
purpose of accumulating a few hundred dollars and returning to their native land. 
An effort has been made by the plantation owners to improve living conditions tor 
the laborers, but their efforts have not met with much encouragement since the 
foreign laborers, and particularly those from Haiti, are of a very low grade of 
intelligence and cannot adapt themselves to sanitary living conditions. 


Freights on sugars have been lowered somewhat, but here again we find that- it 
is next to impossible to adjust the freight rates, if the cargoes are to be shipped in 
Shipping Board vessels, since the wage concessions that have been accorded organized 
seafaring men will not permit of profitable operation of these vessels. Consequently, 
foreign yessels are making great inroads on this trade. 


Planters and mill owners are trusting that the next month will show an increase 
in the price of Cuban sugars, a level of six cents being conceded as that on which 
sugar can be produced with a profit on the investment made. Present indications are 
that the United States is fairly well stocked with sugar from last year and the crop 
of Louisiana cane sugar and Northern beet sugar would indicate a smaller demand 
from that source. Europe, from reports we have before us, is to produce considerably 
more beet sugar this year than last and the demand from that source will doubtless 


ee ee 


= es 


THE CUBA REVIEW 11 


be much less than heretofore. If the price does not improve indications are that 
the full crop of Cuban sugars will not be harvested and the outlook for business for 
this year is gloomy indeed. oH 


FINANCIAL SITUATION: With the moratorium extended until June of this year._ 
conditions promise to remain unsettled until that time, unless the visit to Cuba of 
General Enoch H. Crowder, who was sent by the American Government to make a 
thorough investigation of general conditions, should mean that his recommendations 
will be adhered to and that those banks which are found to be in bad condition. will 
be allowed to take the consequences of their mismanagement. 


General Crowder arrived in Havana aboard the battleship ‘‘Minnesota” and has 
been in almost constant conference with members of the Cuban Government and 
prominent citizens of Havana. It is understood that, besides the financial situation, 
he will undertake to clear up the doubt that has prevailed in the minds of the Cuban 
populace as to the outcome of the recent presidential elections, and that he will also 
investigate the port congestion at Havana. That he is stirring up things in general 
is very manifest; the Cuban Judiciary, so long silent on the question of the final 
outcome of the recent elections, has had sufficient pressure brought to bear upon it 
that a partial report has been rendered on some of the outlying districts and con- 
ditions have been aired which cause many to believe that another election may be 
held in March. Bankers of the city have also been in conference with General 
Crowder and we are led to believe that he will insist upon the moratorium being 
lifted, and if certain banks were careless in their manner of handling public funds 
they are to be made to suffer the consequences of their mismanagement. 

Disturbing rumors are afloat with reference to the ability of the Banco Nacional 
de Cuba to meet its obligations, while it is very evident that the Banco Hspafiol de la 
Isla de Cuba and the Banco Internacional are involved beyond their ability to recover. 


An interesting commentary on the bank situation in Cuba is furnished in the 
activities of those individuals and firms which were caught by the moratorium owing 
sums of money to the banks affected. We were recently told how one large business 
house in Havana that owed the Banco Internacional $104,000 purchased checks from 
depositors of this institution at, a discount of about 52 per cent. and repaid the loan 
with checks drawn on the bank itself for about $50,000. This same thing has been 
done with the other two banks affected, only the discount paid, in the case of tha 
Baneo Nacional de Cuba, has been slightly less than that mentioned above, or around 
25 to 30 per cent. We know of one concern in Havana which recently liquidated its 
account with the Banco Nacional de Cuba for a clean 20 per cent. discount. Another 
ease that has come to our personal attention is that of a large sugar mill owner who 
was caught with about $700,000 in one of the affected banks. He secured his funds 
in full (although under the moratorium he was only legally permitted to withdraw 
10 per cent., since it was an active account) by paying one of the officials a substan- 
tial fee for his accommodation. Many stories of this nature are heard on the streets 
daily, but we have quoted the above as among those of which we were reasonably 
sure of the veracity. However, one of the outstanding facts of this situation is the 
absence of the looked-for failures among the large business houses of the Island. 
These concerns, many of which were not expected to weather the storm, have shown 
great activity since the moratorium was declared and have thus far withstood the 
strain better than was considered possible. Of course the final test of their strength 
will come when the moratorium is lifted. In the meantime, business is sorely affected. 
Cash in most instances is demanded, and few among the large business houses are 
able to pay cash. On the other hand, many large Havana business houses have ex- 
plained the situation fully to their American connections and have secured permission 
to sell on liberal terms as an evidence of good faith. Money, however, seems to be 
plentiful, since places of amusement are crowded to capacity and the horse races are 
very well attended, as is also the Havana Casino, where gambling is permitted under 


12 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Government license. The jai alai Fronton (a very popular Spanish sport in Cuba, 
somewhat similar to lawn tennis except that no net is used) is enjoying a tremendous 
prosperity and a new building to house this sport is being completed at a cost of over 
$350,000. This building will have a large dancing floor, palm roof garden, and 4 
special restaurant for the entertainment of the sport lovers of the City of Havana. 
With the Cuban national lottery, horse racing, the Casino furnishing roulette, the 
jai alai, cock fighting, garden play (lawn tennis), and a dozen roof gardens with 
all-night cabaret, it would certainly seem that Havana is well provided with the 
means for relieving the fun-loving public, both native and tourist, of its supply of 
surplus cash. To one watching the passing throng no indication could be found that 
a moratorium is in force nor that the principal product of the Island has reached 
the lowest price in many years. 


PORT CONGESTION: ‘The progress being made by Colonel M. Despaigne, who is 
working under a special appointment from President Menocal, in his endeavor to 
elean up the wharf conditions in Havana is everywhere evident and it must be con- 
eeded that, should he be allowed to continue unhindered, conditions in the next few 
months in the Bay of Havana will be vastly improved. The fore part of this month 
Colonel Despaigne directed his efforts principally against what are known as the 
“Public Wharves” in the Bay of Havana and the improvement there is indeed notice- 
able. Many thousand dollars’ worth of merchandise that was in a rotted condition 
has been hauled to sea and dumped overboard, while thousands upon thousands ef 
packages which have been left by consignees upon these wharves have been carted 
to various open lots and yaecant spaces in the city and there stored at consignees’ 
expense. Shippers should not gather from this that these goods are abandoned when 
deposited in these vacant places in the city. When they arrive they are carefully 
ehecked: and records taken of each and every lot and customs guards are on duty 
day and night’ proteetidg them for..ultimate delivery to consighees. They are pro- 
tected from the elements by tarpaulins and despatched in every case the same as 
though they were on the wharf. In this work of clearing the wharves, Colonel Des- 
paigne is demonstrating his sterling worth to his country. 


The vessels entering the Bay of Havana showed a slight decrease last month and 
to us it appears that the bay seems less crowded than it was six months ago. There 
are several vessels lying at anchor, however, that have been here six months awaiting 
discharge, but these, in most cases, are vessels that are being operated by the so- 
ealled “fly-by-night” concerns and the agents thereof have not been supplied with 
sufficient funds for the proper handling of said vessels. Several of the agents of 
these new concerns that have entered this field have repudiated their obligations with 
lighterage companies in the Bay of Havana and it is becoming very difficult for these 
concerns to obtain floating equipment to handle the discharge of their vessels. Noma 
of them is equipped with either wharves, lighters, or tugs of their own. 

Another feature of the situation here is the recent extension of the moratorium 
by the Cuban Congress until June of this year. The bill has been passed by the 
Cuban Congress, but must be ratified by the House of Representatives before it be- 
comes law, and it is generally felt that if this takes place; conditions in Cuba will be 
badly affected. Today those merchants who are anxious to receive the merchandise 
that they have on order, and who are making an honest effort to improve conditions, 
are hindered in their activities on account of the scope of the moratorium, which 
permits those who wish to do so to withhold payment of their obligations until the 
moratorium has been lifted. As a consequence, many merchants have not sufficient 
funds to pay duties on incoming merchandise, and the immediate effect is felt on the 
wharves and in the warehouses of the established shipping interests who have no 
other alternative than to permit the goods to remain in their warehouses and accumu- 
late storage charges. Just here a word on the storage charges assessed on merchan- 
dise in Havana might tend to clear up misunderstandings which we have noticed 


FHE CUBA REVIEW 13 


during the past few months. When the wharves in Havana became blocked with 

freight the first part of 1920, a law was enacted permitting the shipping interests to 

assess very heavy storage charges against merchandise left on the wharves beyond 

what is termed “free time,” which, with very few exceptions, is five days after ship 

has completed her discharge. This law, at the time it was enacted, was intended to 

assist the shipping interests to meet the tremendous increase in the cost of operating 

their piers and warehouses, since by strikes and threatened strikes the laborers on 

the wharves had managed to insist upon their unreasonable demands for wage in- 

ereases. The merchants soon found themselves unable to discharge their merchan- 

dise aS warehouse spate in the City of Havana was found to be inadequate. The 

established lines, however, more than met those consignees who were known to be 

honest in their intentions halfway, and refunded, in many instances, a portion of 

the warehouse charges in an endeavor to assist the merchants and themselves. Others, 

operating private wharves and warehouses, did a very lucrative business during these 

months, however, and collected enormous amounts in storage for merchandise left on ~ 
their wharves. This feature has tended to work against those concerns, however. 

and we find today that the consignees and shippers as well are returning to the 
established factors in Cuba and routing their merchandise via the lines that tried and 
are still trying to clear up the situation and revive business on a normal basis. 


The artists may use any material except 
that the figure itself must be of white 
marble of the finest quality. The statue 
will be placed in the Pablo Trias Plaza in 
the City of Camaguey. The models will 
be received at the Arts and Crafts School 
of Havana up to April 10th of the present 


SUBWAY FOR CUBA 


The Railways Commission has approved 
the project of a company organized to 
eonstruct a subway in the Province of 
Havana, 180 kilometers long. This rail- 
way will run from Havana through the 


neighboring towns of Calvario, Managua, 


Nazareno, San Antonio de las Vegas, 
Batabano, Melena del Sur, Nueva Paz, 
Los Palos, Pipian Madruga, Casiguas, 


Japaste, Santa Maria del Rosario, etc. 
The company is capitalized to $25,000,000 
and its president is Senor Jose Manuel 
Govin. 

This project is viewed with great favor 
jn Havana, where the streets are con- 
gested, and it is reasonably certain that 
the venture will amply renay the eapi- 
tal expended. 


STATUE TO CUBAN POETESS 


The Department of Public Instruction 
and Fine Arts of Cuba has called an in- 
ternational contest for the erection of a 
Statue to Avellaneda, the noted Cuban 
poetess. The poetess is to be sculptured 
as svated and wearing a crown of laurel, 
Which she received in Havana in 1860, 


year. 


LAWS OF CUBA WITH RESPECT TO 
PERSONAL PROPERTY 


The Cuban law of leases is contained in 
the Civil Code, articles 1542 to 1603, in- 
clusive. The Cuban laws make no pro- 
vision for chattel mortgages. Personal 
property may be mortgaged according to 
the Cuban laws only when permanently 
situated in buildings, and must then be 
mortgaged jointly with the buildings. 
Liens on chattels may be created by 
pledge, but the property pledged must be 
placed in the possession of the creditor 
or of a third person by common consent. 
The Cuban law of pledge is contained in 
the Civil Code, articles 1857 to 1873, in- 
clusive. There is no separate law in 
Cuba regulating conditional sales of per- 
sonal property, such as the uniform 
conditional sales act in the United States. 


1: THE CUBA REVIEW 


CUBA’S TOBACCO INDUSTRY 


a. UL. Vevuie 


In the September issue of THe Cusa Review the writer presented an article 
relating to the i ural features of the tobacco industry of Cuba, giving briefly 


the princ regarding the growth, cultivation, harvesting and farm treatment 
of leai iob d its ssification into the various grades found in our 


Cuban ma ie that in a future article information would be 
aw leaf is converted into the finished product, 
derived from dose communion with one’s 
he tobacco leaf through all the processes to which 
yugly encased in the covering so kindly provided by 
product, and even went a step farther and saw the bales of 
rehouse. A word regarding these is of interest. 
nd in some of the larger towns of the interior 
producing sections, massive masonry structures, usually 


S iry « i ion houses is placed to receive its final 
Entering one of these warehouses, one finds himself in prac- 
n atmosphere where warmth and dampness prevail, and in 

i lls of a product that is passing through a fermentation 


e sweet and aromatic, ready to give delight to its consumer. 


THE CUBA REVIEW ._ 15 


Frequently the passer-by, unaware of the presence near him of one of these ware 
houses, will suddenly find his nostrils filled with an odor, not perfume, yet sweet, 
with the faint trace of ammonia that characterizes tobacco im this stage of the curing 
process, and on investigating will find himself near a masonry wall pierced with some 
small windows, one or two of which will be open, and he will discover that from 
these is coming the odor that attracted his attention. If his curiosity leads him to 
investigate further, he will find himself in the darkness just referred to, and after he 
has penetrated this darkness, ameliorated by the light. from the electric lights with 
which all these warehouses are provided, he will see in the dimness long rows of 
tobacco bales extending down the sides of the aisles which provide communication 
from one department of the warehouse to the others. As we indicated in the last 
paragraph of our other article, these bales will be found on their sides or ends, piled 
two, three or more deep, depending on the stage of their curing, and the number 
of windows open in the yarious departments of the warehouse will depend also on 
the extent to which the tobacco in that particular department has reached its final 
condition. A great deal depends on the intelligence of the man in charge of these 
warehouses, for ignorance or delay in changing the position and location of tobacco in 
accordance with its condition as received and just after reception from the country 
has been the cause of serious loss. 

These warehouses may form part of the plant of one of the large cigar-making 
establishments in Havana, or may belong te one of the many important leaf tobacco 
dealers so numerous in this city. If the former is the case, the tobacco will be held 
till ready for use, and till orders are received for cigars for the making of which the 
grade of tobacco in storage is required. If the latter is the case, the tobacco after 
thorough curing will be placed in some part of the warehouse where good but con- 
trolled ventilation exists, there to be held till some buyer from abroad presents 
himself, or till some one from the city purchases it for home requirements. 

The reader who has followed us in our first article will know that these tobaccos 
consist of three principal classes, wrapper, filler, and the lowest grade and small leaf 
used solely for cutting up into cigarette making material. He will also know that 
the material in the bales consists of the entire tobacco leaf. From this, in the case 
of filler and wrapper, the mid-rib has to be removed before the leaf can be used in 
the making of cigars. This has given rise to an industry separate from that con- 
nected with warehousing tobacco or making it up into its finished products, viz., that 
of stripping tobacco, as it is called. Im various places in Havana, and in some places 
in the country, stripping factories devote themselves to taking the leaf as it comes 
from the bales, removing the mid-rib, and packing the product in one of several ways 
for consumption here or abroad. The process through which the leaf is put is the 
same whether done in the cigar factory for consumption therein, or for exportation. 
Some of our stripping factories operate for their own account; that is, purchase the 
leaf in the bale, strip it, and then sell it at a price permitting profit: or in other 
instances, they operate for the account of firms who send them the raw material, they 
stripping it for a certain price per hundred pounds or other unit. Of late, nearly all 
such operations have been based upon weight, though before the organization of the 
tobacco workers was perfected during the period of the late war, the work was largely 
paid for at so much per “carrot” or “manojo.” 

A stripping factory or the department of a cigar factory where this work is done 
usually consists of a long roomy hall, in which the strippers are arranged in rows 
extending the length and breadth of the room. These strippers are for the most 
part women, men being used almost exclusively for those duties where strength or 
particular skill is required. The tobacco in the “carrot” is first taken from the bale, 
enough being taken out at one time to fill the requirements of the following day. 
These carrots are then broken up by cutting the bands holding the “hands” of which 
they are composed together, and these are then taken by men and immersed quickly 
in a tank containing water, shaken out till nearly-all the surplus water is removed, 


REVIEW 


UBA 


Cc 


4 WD sD 


16 


acks. 


R 


Drying 


Stripping Room. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 17 


and then placed on end for several hours to allow the water to soften all the leaves 
uniformly and to let the surplus drain off. The hands in this condition are then 
delivered to the strippers, who, with a deft motion, remove the mid-rib from about 
the lower two-thirds of the leaf, if filler, or from the entire leaf, if wrapper. Of 
course, in the case of cheaper grades of filler, rough work is frequently allowed, but 
in the case of wrapper the greatest care is essential, as not only must the entire 
mid-rib be removed, but also care must be taken not to injure the edges of the leaves 
in any way, as the wrappers come exclusively from the outer portions of the leaf. 
As the work progresses, the strippers place the stripped leaves in small piles upon 
narrow boards provided for the purpose. After the day’s work of the strippers is 
received by the foreman in charge, another narrow strip of board is placed above 
the piles, and the stripped material is then removed to another department, where 
it is allowed to partially dry. It is then removed from the boards, the leaves by 
this time having assumed a permanently flat condition, and placed on long racks 
composed of narrow strips separated by spaces about an inch wide, with from six 
to eight inches between the series or strips, these racks being in a department where 
ventilation can be controlled and where final drying is received. From here the 
leaves are placed in small barrels, usually pierced on all sides with openings to allow 
further ventilation, in which they are held till desired for shipping, if to be exported! 
in this form, or till needed by the cigar makers, if to be used in our local factories. 


It would seem that the simple work of taking out the mid-rib of tobacco leaves: 
would not permit of much variation, but actual practice in our various stripping” 
factories shows that selection of the one utilized can frequently be made with con- 
siderable profit. In some of the stripping establishments, where the work is done: 
for others at so much per hundred pounds, careful supervision of the workers has- 
resulted in considerable saving of leaf. It not infrequently happens’ that whereas in. 
some establishments the loss due to carelessness or hasty work is as much. as. thirty- 
five per cent. of the weight of the tobacco as taken from the bale; in others the same 
tobacco has been stripped with a loss not greater than twenty-six or twenty-eight 
per cent. In the same way the loss through the conversion of leaf into small pieces: 
called and sold as “scrap” is much greater in some establishments than in others- 
It has even occurred that dishonesty in the stripping factory has resulted in the 
replacement of a certain part of the tobacco originally delivered by a poorer and 
lower priced material, the part thus removed being utilized by those in charge of the 
factory for their own profit. The same practice sometimes obtains in those establish- 
ments of this nature that are operated for the account and profit of their owners. 
The ease with which a small percentage of low priced material can be worked in and 
the difficulty of detection until the material is finally employed in making up cause 
this practice to be more general than it otherwise would be. It thus behooves the 
purchaser who has his tobacco stripped for his own account to ascertain carefully 
the reputation of the firm by whom this operation is performed. 


The final step in preparing stripped tobacco intended for export consists in re- 
moving it from the small barrels in which it has been stored and placing it in large 
capacious barrels holding from 100 to 120 pounds, in which it is placed carefully 
layer on layer, the barrels usually being lined with oiled paper to prevent further 
drying out and ventilation of the contents... When sufficient tobacco has been placed 
in the parrels, the head is placed over the top, and by means of heavy presses: is 
forced into position, where it is held by a cross strip and hoop securely nailed to the 
staves of which the barrel is composed. In some instances the tobacco is shipped in 
packs composed of gunny sacking, though the objection is often made that this results 
in the breaking up of considerable leaf. Only the need of economy permits this 
method of shipment, a saving at the present time of about two dollars per pack being 
possible due to the high price now demanded for barrels. The proper marks are then 
placed on the barrel or bale, shipping papers are prepared, and the tobacco is then 


18 BRHE CUBA REVIEW 


Wrapper Selection. 


ise. (Bales of Tobacco in Storage.) 


THE CUBA REVIEW 19 


ready for delivery to the transportation line which carries it to its final destination. 


With the withdrawal from the bales in the warehouse of our tobacco factories 
of the tobacco for each day’s task begins the careful calculations necessary for their 
most economical operation. With the present high cost of wrapper. tobacco, averag- 
ing easily, even here in Cuba, $300 per bale, this grade of tobacco has to be treated 
like gold leaf, and only enough is removed each day to permit the wrapping of the 
following day’s manufacture. The care that is required in this can readily be realized 
when it is considered that in every factory a considerable number of sizes and grades 
of cigars is being made at the same time. To wrap them a certain number of leaves 
of probably each of the various sizes and grades of wrapper held in the warehouse 
will be required. These are removed, taken to the “casing” (wetting) department, 
wet down as described, and later on delivered to the strippers. They are then carried 
to the wrapper classification department (rezagado), where they are classified accord- 
ing to size, grade, and roughly as to color, and they are then delivered to the various 
cigar-makers as they will be required by each according to grade and size of the 
cigar each is working on. In the same manner, the filler has been distributed after 
the blend for the particular brand of cigar being made has been made. This is a 
department of itself, and on the results obtained has depended in the past much of 
the celebrity of the marks of some of our local cigar factories. 


At the present time all Havana cigars are hand made. Machine made cigars 
have never been turned out in any number by our local factories, and today it can 
be said that none are being made. Thus in each of our factories when running at 
full capacity long rows of men, each seated at his table, can be seen, seated the length 
and breadth of ample rooms, each with his supply of filler and wrapper, the latter 
well protected from drying out, and each busy in his own way according to the 
grade of cigar that he is turning out. The necessary quantity. of filler is taken by the 
operator, molded roughly into the form of the finished cigar, wrapped in an extra 
large leaf (sometimes specially provided for this purpose), and then around this is 
placed the wrapper, previousl® cut te the desired shape. Skill and care are required 
in this final step, the time required for this operation increasing as the quality of the 
cigar being made becomes better. In the same way the remuneration of the operator 
per hundred cigars increases according to the grade of cigars turned out by him. It 
is very interesting to watch the skill with which the expert cigar-amaker uses his 
fingers in adjusting the wrapper to the partially molded cigar, smoothing out all 
wrinkles, concealing carefully in the highest grade goods the edge of the wrapper 
so that it will blend in one uniform color over the whole cigar, making the diameter 
of the cigar conform to the standard set for the size that he is working, patching up 
a small defect in the wrapper, and finally cutting off to the exact length the cigar he 
has made. The cost of some of our most perfect cigars can be accounted for when 
it is known that in this grade of cigars expert workers will turn out only about 
twenty per day, and that the mest careful sclection is made of all the materials, 
especially the wrappers, that go into them. 


At the end of the day’s work each cigar-maker ties his day’s product into bundles 
containing 25 to 50 cigars, places his number on each bundle, and delivers them to the 
collector, by whom they are taken to the inspection department. Here they are care- 
fully examined, one at a time, and the defects of each workman noticed, so that he 
may be advised to avoid a repetition the following day. In this inspection all defects, 
no matter how small, are detected. Cigars of the same grade must be of the same 
length (not approximately, but exactly), and of the same diameter (ring measure- 
ment), and furthermore, in the better grades the wrapper must be free from flaws 
and patches, and the cigar properly finished. 

From this department the cigars are then taken to the selecting department, 
where they are placed in large cedar cabinets for several days to begin seasoning, 
after which they are taken out and examined one by one and divided into groups 


1VIDW 


CUBA RE 


7 
4 


THE 


20 


irs, 


Classifying Cig 


THE CUBA REVIEW : 21 


according to color of wrapper. ‘The carefulness of this work depends altogether on 
the demand of the party for whom the cigar is being manufactured. It will, of 
course, be realized that between the dark brown of the darker wrapper and the clear 
light color of the “claro” cigars there are an infinite number of tints, so it is mani- 
festly impossible in the ordinary work of the factory to have all the cigars in any 
pack exactly the same tint. Yet orders are received at our factories from particular 
smokers who can afford to satisfy their whims that demand such careful selection 
that all the cigars in packs often of several thousand must be of exactly the same 
tint. This, of course, adds considerably to their cost, as it is frequently necessary 
in order to pack one thousand such cigars to handle and inspect as many as fifty 
thousand. In the ordinary factory run, howeyer, it is found that four distinct colors 
can be distinguished, these being “claro” (the lightest), “colorado claro,” “colorado 
maduro” and “maduro” (the darkest grade). It will thus be noticed that the only 
difference between the cigars of the same brand and grade is that of the color of their 
wrapper, the filler found in them being of the same strength and material. 


In this same department where the selection of the colors is made the cigars are 
placed in their final packages. <All deficient cigars, whether their defects are of 
length, ring-measurement, workmanship or material, are thrown out. The perfect 
cigars are placed in boxes or other package, according to the demands of the pur- 
chaser, the customary trade package being the varnished cedar box seen everywhere 
where cigars are sold. The boxes containing the lower and medium grade cigars are 
placed, after receiving their contents, beneath presses, where they are subject to con- 
siderable pressure for several hours, it being found that this irons or smooths out all 
wrinkles and presents a beautiful and uniform top row to the eye when the box is 
opened. The higher grade cigars are subjected to very little pressure, often only a 
fairly heavy board being used, the careful workmanship in making these cigars having 
produced a product already practically smooth and uniform. The boxes used for 
commercial purposes contain 25, 50 or 100 cigars. 

In addition to the commercial package described, there is a vast variety of pack- 
ages employed on special order. One of the most usual is the heavy, plain, round 
cornered, unvarnished cedar box, with delicate polished hinges and clasp, each layer 
of cigars separated from the other by a thin strip, also of unvarnished cedar, used 
for special packs of the very best selected goods. Large cedar cabinets, containing 
from 500 to as many as 15,000 cigars, are also turned out for special customers; and 
even solid mahogany cabinets, with selected assorted sizes, have been turned out. 
These same assortments are frequently demanded in cedar cabinets, and smaller 
packings are turned out in cases made of Cuban hard woods. Lithographed tins 
lined with cedar veneer are also used considerably. The package, as can be seen, 
depends altogether on the whim and purse of the purchaser of the cigars. ; 


From the selecting and packing department the cigars in their boxes or cases 
now go to the banding department, where girls take them out and place around them 
the lithographed bands seen on all good cigars. After this is done they are returned 
carefully to their former containers, this work being so well done that no change in 
appearance can be detected. The packages then go to the final trimming department, 
where they receive their outside labels and are closed. Here is fixed the Government 
label, the placing of which on all packages of Havana cigars for export is obligatory, 
this label being so placed on every package as to seal it and prevent replacement of 
the contents without the destruction of the label. 

From this department the smaller packages of cigars are now taken to the de- 
partment where they are gathered together to be boxed or otherwise prepared for 
shipping to their final destination. The usual package for this purpose is a strong 
wooden box, of such size as to hold exactly the number of smaller boxes or cases to 
be shipped. These large boxes are carefully closed, and then bound with metal strips 
or wire bands, in such manner as to pe perfectly secure and protect their valuable 


99 


— 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Boxing for Shipment, 


=? 


Rania bee , 
Pe” hve wpa g, <t, 


for Boxing, 


THE CUBA REVIEW 23 


Display Case of Cigars. 


contents, no matter how far distant may be the land where they will finally be 
consumed. 2 

Has the reader ever stopped in front of a cigar stand and carefully examined 
the various sizes, shapes and names of the cigars exposed for sale?. If he has, and has 
done this at intervals, he will have observed a great variety and number of these. 
But he perhaps would be astonished did he know that in our large factories a very 
important department, where everything is most carefully card indexed, is that 
devoted to the records of names used by the various customers of the factory during 
their long period of purchasing. From all over the globe have come requests from 
individuals asking that a certain shape and size of cigar be put up in a package and 
given a certain name. This request has been complied with when investigation in 
the files of the factory shows that that name has not yet been used for any customer. 
Thus it has happened that today thousands upon thousands of names have been given 
to the same cigar, so that a name now means nothing. In the same way the range 
of sizes is limited only by the caprice of the purchaser. In the matter of shapes, 
this is not so much the case, there being certain standards, such as “Coronas,” “Per- 
fectos,” “Bouquets,” “Londres,” ‘‘Brevas,” etc., variations from which have often been 
made, though not with the same bewildering frequency as has been the case with 
names. 

That some of the most popular shapes have been the result of accidents is seen 


24 THE CUBA REVIBDW 


La Corona, Special Box. 


when the story of the beginning of the “Corona” form is known. It is said that a 
cigar-maker in one of the old Cuban factories in 1875, when lighting by lamp and 
candle only was in vogue, set his candle down on his bench one evening. Happening 
to notice its form, the thought came to him that it would be a good shape to adopt 
for a cigar. He at once placed his idea into practice, resulting in the straight well- 
drawing cigar known by this name wherever high-grade cigars are consumed. 
Changing economic conditions have driven from the markets of today the cheaper 
sizes that formerly prevailed. The tremendous increase in the cost of the raw 
material, and the still greater increase in the cost of labor and workmanship, have 
today rendered impossible the production in our high-class factories of the Gass of 
cigar formerly obtainable for from $45 per thousand up, Today prices range from 
$80 per thousand to $400, not to mention even higher prices for fairly standard 
goods, and orders that will average less than $120 per thousand are not sought and 
cannot be filled with profit. The recent increase in duties levied on tobacco and 
cigars by various of the European countries, principally England, with its 50 per 
cent. ad valorem tax, and in prospect in the United States, at present tends to make 
everything connected with the cigar making industry in Cuba black in the extreme. 
So hard hit has been the industry that we are given to understand that by the end 


THE CUBA REVIEW 25 


Cigarette Machine. 


of this month practically all operations by our larger factories will have ceased, 
save for a small demand for cigars from the Island itself. This demand increased 
very appreciably during the period of wild spending resulting from the high sugar 
prices of last spring and summer, but since the moratorium has gone into effect con- 
sumption of the same low-grade products formerly customary has been resumed. 
These are almost entirely manufactured by the smaller shops found everywhere 
throughout the Island. Prospects indicate that an extended period will intervene 
before the world conditions will be such as to allow our cigar industry to again 
assume its one-time importance, and during this period no one can guess what 
changes may be introduced due to the ever active propaganda against the use of 
tobacco that seems to be quietly but surely making its advances, and that some day, 
like that for the elimination of alcoholic drinks, gives promise of accomplishing its 
object. 

No mention has been made in this article of the cigarette industry in Cuba. It 
is needless to say that this is important, and that the use of the cigarette is on the 
increase here as it seems to be the world over. This department of our cigar factories 
has relied much less upon exportation than have their cigar departments, but as the 
production of cigarettes is largely accomplished by means of machine work, its im- 
portance to the Island as an employer of labor is small in comparison. The cost of 
the raw material in this line has also greatly increased, raw materials formerly 
costing from $12.50 to $15 per 100 pounds today cost $50, so that profits have been 
considerably lessened, notwithstanding the increase in retail price per package from 
5 cents prevailing before the war to that of 8 cents now being received. Moreover, 
if the cigar industry slows down as indications now seem to predict, the cigarette 
industry cannot replace it in the consumption of the high-grade and high-cost tobaccos 
of Vuelta Abajo and Partidos, and these districts will suffer severely and will prac- 
tically have to find some other product upon which to rely as their money crop. 


26 EH \QiG BAS Sr Vy 


CUBAN COMMERCIAL MATTERS 


ADVICE TO CUBAN SHIPPERS 

From recent weekly cables received 
from Consul General Hurst, Havana, 
which have been published in Commerce 
Reports, and from other sources of in- 
formation, it would appear that the con- 
gestion at Havana is being considerably 
relieved by the energetic action of Col. 
Manuel Despaigne, the newly appointed 
supervisor of the port. The wharves are 
being cleared of accumulated merchan- 
dise by moving it by trucks and other 
means of transportation to spaces ac- 
quired by the Government for use as 
temporary warehouses, and to privately 
bonded warehouses. The clearance of 
goods currently received is facilitated by 
permitting partial dispatch, clearance 
with guaranty rather than payment of 
custom duties, and by other means. <A 
real and fairly successful effort is being 
made to put into practice all of the rec- 
ommendations of the Joint Cuban-Ameri- 
ean Commission on port congestion. 

However, there are a number of dif- 
ficulties still to be met. One of the most 
serious of these is the disposal of mer- 
chandise refused by the consignee and 
not removed by the shipper. If no action 
is taken by the consignee, the goods will 
be removed to Government storage and 
held for about 10 days (the length of 
time depending on the kind of goods). 
after which it will be auctioned off, prob- 
ably at a low price. In considering this 
condition, American shippers must realize 
that no matter where the responsibility 
lies, they are apt to be put to great loss 
unless they can make prompt adjustment. 

In some undoubtedly the only 
justifiable action is to refuse to take back 
the goods and to initiate suit against the 
consignee. 


cases 


In other cases an adjustment 
ean be reached by the two parties which 
will lead to acceptance of the merehan- 
dise by the consignee. . But in perhaps 
the greater number of cases adjustment 
has been tried without and the 
shipper has let things drift without tak- 
ing stock of his interests. He would do 


success 


well to consider whether it would not be 
to his advantage to take back the goods 
and appoint an agent to dispose of them 
on the ground. Especially is this true if 
he is not certain of his legal position or 
is unwilling to place the case in the hands 
of the congested courts. 

The agent must be local so that he will 
have a thorough knowledge of the con- 
ditions, coupled with sufficient local 
standing and influence to secure prompt 
action. 
tlement with the consignee under the 
original contract or enter into a supple- 
mental agreement of a definite nature. 
Failing this, he will probably be able to 
sell the goods at a sum which may be 
below their real value but above the 
amount they would later bring at public 
auction, 

The best way of working this out prac- 
tically will differ with different firms. 
Some already know of reputable Ametvi- 
can houses which can act for them. 
Others can combine to send a representa- 
tive to Havana to choose a local agent. 
Still others can adopt neither of these 
If these latter will bring their 
problem to the attention of the Latin 
American Division of the Bureau of For- 
eign and Domestic Commerce, Washing- 
ton, D. C., an effort will be made to se- 
the consulate general's office 
in Havana the name and address of u 
reliable American which will act 


courses, 


cure from 


house 
as agent. 


FROM NUEVITAS TO THE 
UNITED STATES 


Sugar is the principal item of export 


EXPORTS 


from Nuevitas, Cuba, to the United 
States ; SSS,871,560 pounds, valued at $97,- 


903,240, during the past 
year, as compared with 592,298,694 
pounds, valued at $35,538,196 in 1919. 
This accounts for the increase from $35,- 
771,780 in 1919 to $98,267,955 in 1920 in 
the total declared exports from that con- 


sular district to the United States. 


were shipped 


He may be able to reach a set- _ 


————— 


THE CUBA REVIEW 27 


FOUR PER CENT COMMERCIAL TAX 


The Cuban Government, in a decree 
dated September 30, published on October 
26, gives the following detailed informa- 
tion regarding the incidence of the 4 per 
cent. commercial tax. The substance of 
the legislation referred to is: 


(1) All business concerns domiciled in 
Cuba will pay 4 per cent. of their profits 
if their capital exceeds $10,000 or if their 
profits are $2,000, and also foreign busi- 
ness concerns if the capital employed or 
profits earmed in Cuba come within those 
limits. 


(2) Net profits are defined as the bal- 
ance resulting after deducting all expenses 
from receipts. 


In expenses may be included municipal 
and provincial taxes, but not amounts 
paid to the State in respect of this tax 
for the preceding year, nor amounts 
placed to reserve funds. The salaries of 
directors, managers, and partners are in- 
cluded in profits, as are also any other 
gain produced by the concern or its par- 
ticipation in other companies, even though 
these may pay taxes to the State (e. g., 
stock exchange operations). 


(3) This tax is leviable on all busi- 
ness concerns, which do not pay other 
specifically decreed taxes, and its collec- 
tion will commence on January 1, 1921, 
general and private firms trading accord- 
ing to article 5 of the decree of July 1 
being liable from January 1, 1921, and 
mercantile associations from July 1, 1920. 


(4) Transference of or cessation from 
business must be notified to the Govern- 
ment within 10 days. 


(5) Balance sheets, supported by state- 
ments of debit and credit balances and a 
detailed statement of all expenses, must 
be presented every six months and also 
annually, and assessments of the amount 
payable will be made 30 days after such 
presentation, appeals from such assess- 
ments being permitted to the Treasury 
and therefore to litigation. 


Failure to produce such balance sheets 
(or other documents required by the Gov- 


ernment) will involve assessment on the 
basis of the previous year, the State re 
serving the right to amend such assess- 
ment at the expense of the defaulter. 


TRADE WITH CANADA 


Figures showing the Canadian import 
and export trade with Cuba for 1919, as 
compared with 1918 and 1913, are ap- 
pended in the following table: 

Imports from Cuba 


1913 1918 1919 
$4,306,817 $2,034,654 $12,565,712 
Exports to Cuba 
1913 1918 1919 
$1,850,468 $4,879,779 $5,642,675 


EXPORTS OF SHOES TO CUBA 


Cuba was the chief importer of shoes 
from the United States during November, 
being credited with 669,108 pairs, valued 
at $2,646,396. Cuba took 277,605 pairs of 
women’s shoes, valued at $578,081; 287,- 
432 pairs of children’s, valued at $1,740,- 
390, and 104,071 pairs of men’s, valued at 
$327,925, from this country. 


NORWEGIAN PAVING BLOCKS FOR 
CUBA 


Consul Frank Bohr reports that a Nor- 
Wwegian schooner arrived at Cienfuegos, 
Cuba, late in December, bringing some 
250,000 granite paving blocks from Fred- 
erickstaad, Norway, which are intended 
for use in Santa Clara. 


NEW CORPORATION 


The Colorados Cane Corporation has 
been organized, with a capitalization of 
$5,000,000, for the production of cane and 
the operation of mills in the Holguin dis- 
trict of the Province of Oriente. The 
Bank of Oriente has also been formed by 
the same promoters, with a capitalization 
of $500,000. 


NEW COAL COMPANY 


The Cuban International Coal Company 
has been organized with a eapital of 
$1,000,000 for the importation and dis- 
tribution of coal. 


28 THE CUBA REVIEW 


IMPORTATION OF LEATHER AND SHOES INTO CUBA 


The value of leather imports into Cuba, as published officially by the Secretary 
of the Cuban Treasury, amounted during the fiscal year 1918-19 to $14,703,773. For 
purposes of comparison the following table giving the value of leather imports both 
manufactured and unmanufactured for five fiscal years is of importance: 


Year Hides and Skins Manufactures 
1h 0) 1G Ss (SR pA Re Pete Coke GT LCTCEERCI OP Meu a CL CRETE Tae CRA Sole eee $756,818 $5,532,295 
TRE TSS Is), Seasons hone epee aes MCR tk twee St eRe eRe en aa 1,113,848 7,072,899 
DDUGAATim setts ee Netat ex chs scrotetaite retains Srercieroe mi ateotis ah crcBelat er waaraeyer ene tt te 1,267,958 8,256,171 
TIONG Z(t eee gs A css sch ek GeO R oT CR OLGRE NG aA OGD ROR PEER 2,423,018 4 10,620,581 
AMS LO Me verevate BPsue) shui oh she oete Le eon ea cuerclerek Mere eimas Spt tee Nace 2,396,262 12,307,511 

The countries of origin of these imports are given below: 

Countries of Origin Hides and Skins Manufactures 
UTE EG SIS GAOS eiees ty sede ores Te cece eee Sheen Seb eetetichoweuns $2,313,186 $11,499,465 
CihereAMierican COUNLEIGS wy.55 eas cst Norse «sore meek 4,626 858 
SS SUING Fe A etres Rte cet Sects Rosai Serre eee a OE Ne ne telah ie, wets lie 64,0253 694,580 
STEN ITCO ee ayy He cere oan ee Ae a yt a OF a a 8,230 24,689 
COUCHES CUCM 1 see ore cA) ce ene tara wiccates Steers tes betciactcee ech wees 6,177 26,132 
Other sh uTropeaneCOuntriese aa. see hese eee eee ee | ees 2,112 
MLEOONETCOUNUEICS = soso sia cco he toes | Resa oe 20 59,675 

2 A) 12a Fe hg ei aca CERES ICRC een ee ee $2,396,262 $12,307,511 


The leading classes of Cuban leather imports, and also the imports of shoes, with 
countries of origin and quantities and values during the fiscal years 1917-18 and 
1918-19, are shown in the following table: 


1917-18 1918-19 

Article and Countries of Origin Quantity Value Quantity Value 

Tanned hides and skins: Kilos Kilos 
WMITEEAMStAtGS fete oto siecle estat 983,759 $1,639,777 938,965 $1,673,935 
BLUSH ATULCS ary n eee cerns kee ware ayaa aU 44 
WOLOUIDT A lta ce ene tear aats cosa yes 3 MS 180 152 
HIGH ACUI erry asi ker oslo ise 31,367 15,248 ag ate seks 
LST Gle espe Reet oeentc sy ae are hha tenes 516 112 Jains <Pavere 
INV OSEL COL Mera citrate aie last ened Fame sets 33,667 29,085 641 659 
SAMO M IO OMNIS Olea spe aes eete faves eae 1,237 1,180 429 405 
SS [UMM eos tate cues tater ocobaue pa atta seat reine ae 18.435 31,622 22,482 50,110 
UNA COur eat ncw te ote rer Taree ee ere 14 138 11 1538 
Gredqiesritaineys: 2: eee. ces a2 289 302 1,995 

MOtal: os ioe eee ee Ean 1,068,827 $1,717,451 965.047 $1,727,453 

Dried hides and skins: 
maned States ...:.. 0.20 eee 30,541 $20,839 

Fine skins: 
Mirmmed States .......5..:.. 00 $6,323 $205,446 66,659 $205,288 
LL DLO) ee 8. altar 3,058 632 2,341 
MeMMGOMVICO ....... 0s ess 2 ec eee Peer eats 308 244 
oll) Qin a 10,580 18,665 Stats anor 
| (GS 2 ce 8 1,409 5,635 149 1,449 
eee DUCATI >.< sic, <1cacte nee 128 1,017 336 3,013 

DREW ste sctohe c: sivoye%e & ots se 99,567 $233,821 68,084 $212,335 


Cut skins: 
MERITS CALCS 6.0. 2 Siew ec ns ee 20,142 $23,469 17,236 $37,795 
Sint . SSS ee 26 420 126 537 


THEH CUBA REVIEW 29) 
ERISA COs rhea) ccd treteuc ea cat eaiat shee eae eat ces 2,309 7,262 1,040 6,628 
Greate Britalte sacs al: Socks kee 78 124 22 904. 
TRO GAS een ree OS cet egies irae 22,559 $31,275 18,424 $45,864 
Boots and shoes for men: Pairs Pairs 
Wimiiked ss States! esos os. ae ee 1,218,163 $3,615,852 1,394,341 $5,214,124 
(OBO ET Fay a ae ae Sh ei noe ane i ec Ss Sat 14 83 
IVE CSaT CON Ra enersie fee Sete ee Ee 112 192 stevens Sees 
STDIN eee aS cient crane hcg anne at aes 121,197 284,250 66,378 152,726 
FHRAIT COR a seeks sya chee Seiten cues 72 92 66 215 
Greg Britain i's ciese sees or erences at es 2 38 
( CILIA is Tt Rar ieee era ean ath be DL TPR 316 206 328 124 
SIMO Ars eae ais ote clieicms eeuchorener aston ates 514 232 1,750 429) 
ERO tele a everetele reas oecsta elon oewomentane sare 1,540,374 $3,900,824 1,462,879 $5,367,739: 
Boots and shoes for women: : 
aM Ci SEALES 2 5 a's ois erro ls\ orstessieke oes 2,265,718 3,568,626 2,076,484 $4,060,399 
PVH wel COMP re ester pa cearar eens aaa a SehapRR ee sors 179 403 Sabai sia 
\WGMGYATCIBI 5 Senielreee rc Oe nS Rn eee 180 78 Soe en 
SlORA 77 EG ce oe De Oo eae ee eee 133,169 182,217 75,684 94,565 
FEB NIA CO MS ee eaes ie acetates Rea on ene ee eee 238 1,693 aiecams ecasleire 
CAND AI ele eres a yetein ie ele Ble ele 43 111 542 182 
ADOT le. Bork asemee nes Seer eae eae Aue ee 2,599,914 $3,753,128 2,152,660 $4,164,146 
Boots and shoes for children: 
Wmited States). 2 G.y: Gacy d eaicee de 1,845,720 $1,658,785 1,278,784 $1,337,934 
SST DINER UA ee Sarat atn a Sapam einai ato 56,399 24,909 26,194 10,807 
HERTEATN CON estan devs ns vor one staves nial see oe Terao 84 35 ses sete 
(CUNY sore Be OO A orci or Recenter mae is are 90 52 
ALO TAM baleen ok aen itt braear sesiens 1,902,203 $1,683,679 1,305,068 $1,348,793 
Riding boots: 
WMiTeCMESTAteS Secs sue peewee ee 52 $403 76 $807 
Alpargatas: Dozens Dozens 
Winmteds States. = cae. ae cee oe cies 26,971 $39,129 302 $533 
COOMA estes as eked es eictavereene ere 15 76 stove caters 
(SOR, “oho ecto cece eee toler rece omer 295,254 433,986 191,676 371,310 
CCAM aT a eae ar cea Rae dione 32,266 38,211 
JAGAN 6 Sac SipweeerraooM oti aco UdioD 75 39 3.649 4,359 
SING trea eee fons plastaaese acateie Gta o arses 322,315 $473,230 227,893 $414,413: 


—Consul General Carlton Bailey Hurst, Havana. 


FUEL STOCKS AND FUELING FACILITIES 
AT CIENFUEGOS 

At the Port of Cienfuegos, Cuba, there 
was a stock of coal on hand on December 
31, 1920, of 5,000 tons, points of replen- 
ishment being Newport News, Norfolk, 
and Philadelphia. Under normal condi- 
tions, and for ordinary quantities, no ad- 
vance notice is required for bunker coal. 
The supplies are kept in barges anchored 
in the Bay of Cienfuegos and also de- 
posited on shore, From the barges ships 
could be bunkered direct, or by means of 
lighters, and from the shore, supplies by 
lighters or by means of freight cars on 


the Cuban Central Railway pier. 

Cienfuegos reported at the end of 1920 
200,000 barrels (of 42 gallons each) of 
fuel oil on hand. Fuel has been avail- 
able at this port for only about a year, 
and much of the oil imported has been 
on contract with sugar estates, railways, 
and local consumers. As to methods of 
delivery one of the Mexican companies 
has a 12-inch pipe line on the Cuban Cen- 
tral Railway pier with 6-inch side con- 
nections to supply oil to vessels at any of 
the berths along the pier. The price 
quoted on the last day of 1920 was $3 to 
$3.25 per barrel. 


30 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


CUBAN FINANCIAL MATTERS 


THE PREVAILING PRICES FOR CUBAN SECURITIES 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York. 


Republie of Cuba Interior Loan 


Republie of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949.............-.005- 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 44%2% Bonds of 1949.............4-5. 
Havana City First Mortgage 6% Bonds 
Havana City Second Mortgage 6% Bonds 


Cuba Railroad Preferred Stock 


Cuba Railroad Co. First Mortgage 5% Bonds of 1952............-.+6. 
Cuba Company 6% Debenture Bonds 
Cuba Company 6% Cumulative Preferred Stock 


Havana Electric 


Havana Plectric Ry., Light & Power Co. Preferred Stock 
Havana EPlectric Ry., Light & Power Co. Common Stock 
Cuban-American Sugar Co. Preferred Stock 
Cuban-American Sugar Co. Common Stock 


Guantanamo Sugar Co. Stock 


TRAFFIC RECEIPTS OF CUBAN RAILROADS 


EARNINGS OF THE CUBA RAILROAD COMPANY. 


Bid Asked 
OB BONS - hc ej as cs sea ax avisigruserae 70 7 
Rd a eS cei ere 78 80 
76 78 
64 68 
5S Beles 8.08) es Bl ole Oe 6) Clee. ore Di ae Oe ae 85 95 
Save Grae) 6 ale 6 Oo 6 .e le 6 este J 612 a8 eecere 83 90 
ele ee Shale ey ere Wie 6,0 Wl a) dee) e OR ele ape eS sce (ae. 0) O ean ew 30 50 
68 72 
@ eo a6 i610 6a 0 Wales, 616. e010 ee 6.6) eu0le ves 6 6 70 15 
Hen tis HOA PaO ON CUS 70 80 
y. Co. Consolidated Mortgage 5% Bonds............ 71 73 
otis) s etaTeer a oreo 85 we 
shia Ravers te eretokee 15 na 
Sits i Stans bets Lsvaveredel stnishetaltiste terete 9414 95 
SrscePal ohetele tain. ae elatemsinle cnatetousterelets 29 _— 
ah Arata Gis. atime oes Saks otk aes teat eR ta eee 13 144 


The earnings of the Cuba Railroad for the month of November and for the five months 
ended November 30th compare as follows : 


1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
November gross....... $1,087,457 $1,022,351 $472,391 $646,825 $501,174 $387,173 
Expenses............. 1,401,750 801,196 505,045 544,544. 421,616 241,406 
November net......... 314,293 221,155 32,653 102,281 79,557 145,767 
Other income.......... 75,316 12,806 13,645 1,448 673 | eee 
Net INCOME ys yee esi 238,976 233,961 19,008 103,730 80,231 145,767 
Fixed charges......... 108,690 103,113 95,012 93,483 95,216 78,262 
Otherinterest.charges.; ta. ola ee 19,799 been! Mate ge 
December surplus...... 347,666 130,847 133,820 10,246 14,985 67,505 
From July rst: 
Five months gross. .... $5,517,674 $5,163,957 $4,194,252 $3,508,429 $2,657,773 $2,026,929 
Five months net....... 836,784 1,236,792 896,572 773,556 930,956 864,203 
Other income.......... 148,128 46,610 63,884 6,617 4,153), . peer 
Fixed charges......... 572,564 499,784 474,403 469;403 443,840 366,569 
Other interest charges. . 4069-9 a eee 59624 Scenics sikiones) tenn 
Five months surplus..... $1,265,289 $783,619 $426,428 $310,906 $491,269 $497,634 
EARNINGS OF THE CUBAN CENTRAL RAILWAYS. 

Weekly Receipts - 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 
Week ending Jan. 1......... £23,823 £32,594 £19,209 £17,906 £16,106 £15,896 
Week ending Jan. 8......... 30,532 37,708 23,081 23,558 19,802 21,373 
Week ending Jan. 15......... 27,696 Bri e/ 25,063 28,120 25,521 23,562 
Week ending Jan. 22......... 28,585 43,066 29,256 27,600 25,975 26,134 


THE CUBA REVIEW 31 


TRAFFIC RECEIPTS OF CUBAN RAILROADS 


EARNINGS OF THE HAVANA ELECTRIC RAILWAY, LIGHT & POWER CO. 


Month of November - 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
Gross earnings Eee Jee N a aes, Seeiate $1,037,352 $879,741 $690,704 $643,403 $517,627 $481,315 
Operating expenses.......... 575,679 399,802 332,865 284,492 194,101 178,828 
Net Carmings.............. 6: 461,673 479,939 357,839 358,911 323,526 302,487 
Miscellaneous income......... 2,595 6,163 5,220 9,961 16,676 32,704 

Total net income ......... 459,078 486,102 363,059 368,872 340,202 335,191 


Surplus after deduct.fixed chgs. 957,204 307,839 179,605 218,532 206,385 227,442 
zz Months to November 3oth: 


Gross earnings.......-.....-. $10,366,708 8,476,209 7,466,653 6,315,811 5,457,438 5,053,635 
Operating expenses.......... 5,426,153 4,131,849 3,439,731 2,751,646 2,083,932 2,051,487 
Net earnings ............... 4,940,555 4,344,359 4,026,923 3,564,165 3,373,506 3,002,148 
Miscellaneous income........ 86,986 92,663 120,024 128,320 127,620 124, 705 

Total net income.......... $5,027,541 $4,437,022 $4,146,947 $3,692,485 $3,501,126 $3,126,853 


Surplus after deduct. fixed chgs.$2,959,558 $2,397,248 $2,314,077 $1,994,373 $2,080,108 $1,934,769 


EARNINGS OF THE CAMAGUEY AND NUEVITAS RAILROAD. 


Month of November - 1920-21 1919-20 
GROSSICARNINGS s/s onc «+ sree ole'sis sis cs gpelelnars eieie $156,946 $87,859: 
(perattNe JOXPCUSCS!). 60 .sc. ee we pee tle nee 152,471 71,696 
MMELBE ATTN GS ele cei c o:n sie: clejcrs' a wie celcercc nie eusiate wale 4,475 16,162 
Miherpincomerc nsec satis ss see desteacate. AN GB Bie drole Sov era ea eeus teers 
IN EBITICOMCH Reet esas agra et eleleqters siete stale 6,414 16,162 
Samplis tor Month Ao.) ia. ccinene na oe nrene one 6,414 16,162 
Guossieagrnines from July 1.....----5........-- $693,195 $675,281 
Net earnings ‘“ HOON ad sat eaa sin Sas ae(sew sev 41,030 260,402 
Other income ‘‘ Min yd pension Nisgean abet toe QB OA as Nee ein oie hs ets lerettepees 
STEEN ct Ge SA ae er Ph eae Po $38, 636 $260,402 


EARNINGS OF THE HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY. 


Weekly Receipts: 1920-21 1919-20 
Wieeksending Dec 18... 26. vicce vee ceo ols 414,415 410,334 
Wieekvending Dec. 25......5...220c.0+cee ene 15,375 12,221 
Mieeksendine Jan? 1... ons bee eee 14,508 11,727 
Wiieekeendine! Jans -Sic. csi. sce ese de 15,241 11,795 


EARNINGS OF THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA. 


Weekly Receipts : 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 
Week ending Dec.25......... £65,155 £72,493 £60,338 £54,965 £40,885 £40,742 
Week ending Jan. 1......... 62,548 76,074 ~ 60,210 56,416 44,987 50,780 
Week ending Jan. 8......... 68,520 87,087 72,303 66,306 52,145 55,487 


Week ending Jan.15......... 85,689 87,762 45,896 77,401 54,824 55,475 


32 THE CUBA REVIEW 


SUGAR EXPORTS FROM CUBA TO UNITED STATES 


The increased price of sugar accounted for the large increases in the value of 
the declared exports from Cuba to the United States during the past year, as com- 
pared with 1919. The total exports and the exports of sugar from the various consular 
districts in that country during 1919 and 1920 are shown in the following table: 


1919 1920 
Items Pounds Value Pounds Value 
From Antilla: 
SS UU ey steua tes eis alse oreo oreo ere 635,663,650 $37,345,087 585,108,839 $78,499,816 
ATI MOUIET PANUICICS: Whvaros «eit suse aqua) | eens ate oieike 1 Fe (oe oe Se PR erg 2,506,106 
ANH ET ain Ae Te OL ARE Gap rained BOS Soa ol erin eer $81,005,922 
From Cienfuegos : 
VTE np) Sal Raa AG cee en ei 589,617,280 $35,172,742 322,524,800 $39,470,078 
PAUP ENOL srul ClOS i, Symes Paes ose tare tee ees LD 25: ie, — Mantes Sere 1,527,108 
ALYY ET De tee hay aera yee ey ee aL a ga ce Ee ee S36 7OL Olen) Be was $40,997,186 
From Caibarien : 
SOUT. omc eve acleh ancien tm atorecsiiotre Aeiiaer's 416,243,525 $22 509,078 389,943,850 $44,798,841 
FAT OLN er ecitGlClOSiy aaetetees cosietertnc EM Ws mehotae es S4 182. tie eee 70,066 
AMIN AIL SOI, el a es ae A a ete RMON iri PRAT BH Mito e eee $44,868,907 
From Sagua la Grande: 
ENTS sora id sere che bres re Gun loMiee Sus 464,309,029 $25,107,844 447,391,290 $50,420,446 
ATIMGENCT RAT EIGIOS: ere octce.t oe eet Ssetneeacrs 3 IESOS3e 4. eta ee 454,654 
ERNE ees ke st rors eteis Siem wo lees eee cher e ots S25 oO Oey) Mos eee $50,875,100 


EUROPEAN SUGAR PROSPECTS 


To quote from the Stock Exchange 
Gazette (London) : 


In the beet countries of Europe there 
is every probability of increasing yields 
of sugar, but respecting cane sugar there 
is more uncertainty. German raw sugar 
factories are fully occupied, and the qua)- 
ity of the harvested beet is stated to be, 
on average, better than last year. A 
yield of 22 to 23 million hundredweight 
of sugar appears certain—an increase of 
6 to 7 millions over 1919. This yield, 
however, will not obviate the necessity of 
Germany continuing to import sugar for 
its own needs. 


In Australia also there is prospect of a 
good harvest, but here, again, domestic 
requirements will not be 
out imports. 
vest is estimated to reach 17 to 18 million 
hundredweight, a result which will per- 
mit between 9 and 10 millions being ex- 
ported; it is stated that contracts for 


satisfied with- 
In Czechoslovakia the har- 


the sale are now being made. In Jugo- 
slavia the Government has established a 
monopoly for financial reasons and be- 
cause of insufficient home production. 
Hungary anticipates an improved crop, 
which, however, will not obviate the 
necessity of imports. 

Poland should have 1 to 2 million hun- 
dredweight for export. In Scandinavian 
countries a sufficiency for domestic con- 
sumption is expected, but no surplus, and 
the same conditions apply to Holland and 
Belgium. The production of France is 
estimated to reach 6 million hundred- 
weight, against 34% millions last year; 
I'rance, however, requires 18 million hun- 
dredweight annually. Italy and Spain 
will produce enough for their needs. 

In England large contracts for cane 
sugar have been made, there has been a 
reduction in price, the retail sale of Goy- 
ernment sugar has been extended, free 
sugar is allowed an open market, and 
control will probably cease at an early 
date. 


—oer 


THE CUBA REVIEW 33 


SUGAR REVIEW 


Specially written for The Cuba Review by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


The lack of demand for refined sugar in the United States has continued to have 
a depressing effect on the raw sugar situation and quotations for the latter have de 
clined until at this writing they are established at the basis of 3%c ¢c. & f., at which 
level buyers are showing a-little more interest. 

Quotations for cane granulated sugar are on the seaboard basis of 7144¢ less 2 
per cent., although there is considerable competition among the refiners for the small 
business obtainable, and while some refiners are consigning sugars to many sections 
where it has been unusual in the past to do so, other refiners offset this by guarantee- 
ing prices against decline up to the arrival of the sugar at ultimate destination. In 
central territory there has been considerable competition between cane and beet 
sugars and a series of rapid declines have resulted until cane sugars are now on the 
basis of 7.45¢, with best granulated on the basis of 7.40c in territory east of Chicago 
and 7.35¢ in territory west of Chicago, instead of the usual 10 and 20 point differen- 
tials respectively below cane sugars. 

Since our last report we have issued our figures on the United States consumption 
of sugar. 

The consumption of Continental United States for the calendar year 1920 was 
4,084,672 tons refined or consumption value. This is an increase over the consumption 
in 1919 of 17,001 tons or 0.418 per cent., against an average increase in consumption 
of 5.263 per cent. for 98 years. The per capita consumption in 1920 was 86.56 pounds. 

The year 1920 was the most remarkable and historic in the sugar trade. The 
year started off with very small or ‘practically no invisible stocks and with the 
cessation by the Government of the control of sugar prices, all consumers, from the 
housewife to the jobber and manufacturer, started in to protect themselves with a 
supply of sugar and the very large imports of sugar together with the rise in prices 
and heavy speculation during the first part of the year gave most people the idea 
that there would be an immense increase in the United States consumption for 1920. 
The so-called shortages were in many cases not shortages in relation to previous 
normal supplies, but shortages only in relation to abnormal demand. However, after 
the peak of raw sugar prices was reached May 19th the ensuing decline was carried 
to such an extent that the public drew on their own invisible stocks instead of taking . 
on more new sugar and for this reason the production of Continental United States, 
both beet and Louisiana cane, coming as they do at the end of the calendar year, 
suffered most, and this accounts for the small amounts of their sugars consumed. 

The operations of the Atlantic Ports refiners show an increase as compared with 
their outturn of last year, both considered as to the amount of their product con- 
sumed in this country and also the aggregate of their operations, including the 
exports, even though the exports of this year were less than last year. The con- 
sumption through New Orleans is also increased. This was caused to a great extent 
by the large amount of sugars which were imported through that port and which 
went into consumption in the raw or plantation state. Savannah and Galveston 
figures are also largely in excess of those of the previous year, as was also the con- 
sumption through the Port of San Francisco. It must be remarked in passing that 
through all these principal ports of entry, due to the high prices and delays in refiners’ 
deliveries, there were imported large quantities of white or other raw sugars which 
found their way into direct consumption. This will be evidenced when the net figures 
for this class of sugar are taken into consideration, the amount this year being 
609,902 tons, against 167,727 tons in 1919. 

We have already noted above the small consumption of the United States beet 


34 THE CUBA REVIEW 


and Louisiana cane sugars this year, the figures of which being only about half of 
those of last year’s may appear extraordinarily low at first glance, but it must be 
remembered that the carry-over of both these crops on the first of January, 1920, was 
very small, while just the reverse obtains on the first of January, 1921, 

The Virgin Islands, Porto Rico and the Philippines all showed sizeable increases, 
but because of the smallness of the consumption of sugar produced in Continental 
United States, the total of 1,396,954 tons covering sugar grown in Continental United 
States or its Insular Possessions is considerably smaller than last year’s figure of 
1,942,882 tons. 

Cuba held its proportionate increase even in the face of the large carry-over of 
1920 old crop sugars remaining in the Island at the end of the year. Of course, the 
item of largest increase, as every one would expect, was in the figure of full duty 
sugars which were consumed. This amount increased almost ten-fold over the 
previous year. The figure 554,019 tons consumed must not be confused by our read- 
ers with the total amount of full duty sugars imported, which latter, of course, was 
very much larger than the figure just mentioned. 

In Cuba 142 centrals are grinding new crop sugars against 183 last year. The 
lateness of the crop and its delinquency in the matter of production is shown by the 
visible production to date which amounts to only 140,000 tons against 560,000 tons 
last year. It is usually the case when the crop makes a late start that the shortage 
caused thereby can never be entirely made up and it would seem as if the small 
production so far will sooner or later be felt, although at the present time because 
of chaotic conditions prevailing in the sugar industry in this country the matter of 
Cuban production is not a determining factor. The moratorium continues in effect, 
but according to reports received here, the financial and political conditions are 
slowly progressing towards the desired results. Our Cuban correspondents, Messrs, 
Guma-Mejer, have issued an estimate for 1920-1921 of 5,995,142 tons against Mr. 
Himely’s estimate of 4,051,000 tons, but both estimates are subject to a satisfactory 
adjustment of the uncertain state of affairs now prevailing. 

We have slightly revised our estimate of the United States domestic beet crop 
now drawing to a close, placing the figure at 935,000 tons against 950,000 tons previ- 
ously estimated. The beet crop in Canada also shows promise of a smaller yield and 
we have revised that figure to 30,000 tons. 

Our monthly cable from Java reporting exports during December is very interest- 
ing, showing as it does only 3,000 tons shipped to the West and which may be destined 
either to European or United States Atlantic ports, with 90,000 tons shipped to the 
Far East. 


New York, N. Y., January 27, 1921. 


REVISTA AZUCARERA 


Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


La poca demanda por el azticar refinado en los Estados Unidos ha continuado 
ejerciendo un efecto desanimador en la situaci6n del azucar crudo, y las cotizaciones 
por este iltimo han bajado, hasta que al escribir esta revista se han establecido bajo 
la base de 3%c costo y flete, a cuyo precio los compradores muestran un poco mas 
de interés. 

Las cotizaciones por el azicar de cafia granulado son bajo la base de 74%¢ menos 
2% en el litoral de la costa, aunque hay mucha competencia entre los refinadores por 


las pequefias transacciones obtenibles, y mientras que algunos refinadores estan 


# 


THE CUBA REVIEW 35 


consignando azticares a muchos puntos del pais donde no ha sido usual hacerlo asi 
en el pasado, otros refinadores compensan esto garantizando precios contra la 
baja hasta la llegada del azticar a su ultimo punto de destinacion. En el territorio 
central ha habido mucha competencia entre los azticares de cana y de remolacha, 
dando por resultado una serie de bajas rapidas, hasta que los azticares de cafla se 
cotizan ahora bajo la base de 7.45c, con el azticar de remolacha granulado bajo la 
base de 7.40c en el territorio al este de Chicago y 7.35c al oeste de Chicago en vez 
de los 10 y 20 puntos acostumbrados de diferencia respectivamente por bajo los 
aziucares de cafia. 


Desde nuestra Ultima revista hemos expedido nuestras cifras sobre el consumo 
de azucar en los Estados Unidos. 

El consumo de azticar en los Estados Unidos durante el afio 1920 fué de 4,084,672 
toneladas de azticar refinado. Esto es un aumento de 17,001 toneladas 6 0.418 por 
ciento sobre el consumo en 1919, contra un aumento por término medio de 5.2638 


por ciento en el consumo durante 98 afios. El consumo por persona en 1920 fué de 
86.56 libras. 


El afio 1920 ha sido el mas notable e hist6rico en el comercio de azticar. El 
ano empez6 con existencias muy pequefmas 6 verdaderamente no visibles, y con Ja 
terminaci6n por el Gobierno de la administraciOn de los precios del azticar todos los 
consumidores, desde las familias hasta el comerciante al por mayor y el fabricante, 
empezaron a protegerse adquiriendo cantidades de azticar, y las grandes importa- 
ciones de azticar junto con el alza en los precios y la grande especulaciOn durante 
el primer periodo del ano hizo que la mayor parte-de los consumidores se formaran 
la idea de que iba a haber un inmenso aumento en el consumo en los Estados Unidos 
en 1920. la asi llamada escasez no era escasez en muchos casos en relacién a las 
existencias normales en otras ocasiones, sino escasez solamente en relaciOn a la 
demanda anormal. Sin embargo, despties que se hubo llegado al punto mas alto de 
los precios del azicar crudo el 19 de mayo, la baja que siguiéd llegé a tal extremo 
que el ptiblico hizo uso de sus propias existencias invisibles en vez de volver a 
adquirir mas azticar, y por este motivo la producci6én en los Estados Unidos, tanto 
del azicar de remolacha como de cana de la Luisiana, que llegan al mercado al final 
del ano, fué la que mas se perjudic6, y esto es la causa de las pequeflas cantidades 
de azucar que se consumieron. 

Las operaciones de los refinadores de los puertos del .Atlantico muestran un 
aumento comparado con su rendimiento del alo pasado, ambos considerados respecto 
a la cantidad de su producto consumido en este pais asi como el conjunto de sus 
operaciones incluyendo las exportaciones, aunque las exportaciones de este afio fueran 
menores que las del ano pasado. El consumo en Nueva Orleans ha aumentado tam- 
bién. Esto fué causado en gran parte por la grande cantidad de azticar importada 
por ese puerto y que fueron al consumo en estado crudo o desde los ingenios. Las 
cifras de Savannah y Galveston son también grandemente en exceso de las del afio 
anterior, asi como el consumo de azutcares por el puerto de San Francisco de Cali- 
fornia. Debe hacerse notar al hacer esta relaci6dn que por todos estos puertos prin- 
cipales de entrada, debido a los altos precios y a las demoras en las entregas de las 
refinerias, se importaron grandes cantidades de azticares blancos 6 de otros azticares 
erudos que se destinaron para el consumo directo. Esto sera evidente cuando las 
cifras netas por esta clase de azticares se tomen en consideracion, la cantidad este 
ano siendo 609,902 toneladas, contra 167,727 toneladas en 1919. 


Ya hemos indicado anteriormente el pequeno consumo este aflo en azticar de 
remolacha de los Estados Unidos y de azticar de cana de la Luisiana, cuyas cifras, 
siendo solamente como una mitad de las del alo pasado, podran parecer extraordi- 
hariamente bajas a primera vista, pero debe tenerse en cuenta que el sobrante de 
estas dos cosechas el primero de enero de 1920 fué muy pequefio, mientras que sucede 


lo contrario el primero de enero de 1921. 


36 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Las Islas Virgenes, Puerto Rico y las Filipinas todas mostraron aumento en la 
‘antidad, pero a causa del pequeho consumo de azticar producido en los Estados 
Unidos, el total de 1,396,954 toneladas comprendiendo el azticar producido en los 
Estados Unidos o en sus posesiones es mucho menor que las cifras de 1,942,882 
toneludas del ano pasado. : 

Cuba retuvo su aumento proporcional aun a pesar del grande sobrante de azt- 
eares de la pasada zafra de 1920 que permanecia en la Isla al fin de ano. Por 
supuesto, el detalle del mayor aumento, como era de esperarse, consistfa en las cifras 
de azticares con todos los derechos que fueron consumidos. Esta cantidad aument6 
casi en diez veces mas sobre la del alo pasado. La cifta de 554,019 toneladas de 
azucar consumido no debe ser confundida por nuestros lectores con el total de la 
cantidad de aztecar con todos los derechos que fué importado, siendo esto, por su- 
questo, mucho mayor que la cifra acabada de mencionar. 

Pn Cuba hay 142 centrales dedicados a la molienda de azticar de la nueva zafra, 
contra 183 el aio pasado, El atraso de la zafra y su falta en el asunto de producci6n 
se muestra por la visible producci6n hasta la fecha, y que sélo asciende a 140,000 
toneladas contra 560,000 toneladas el ano pasado. Sucede generalmente cuando la 
zafra empieza tarde que la escasez ocasionada con tal motivo munca puede re- 
cuperarse enteramente, y parece que la pequefia producci6n hasta ahora se dejara 
sentir mas tarde o mas temprano, aunque al presente, a causa del estado tan anormal 
que rige en la industria del azticar en este pais, la cuesti6n de la produccién de 
azucar en Cuba no es un factor determinante. El moratorio continfia en efecto, 
pero segtin informes recibidos aqui, el estado financiero y politico va lentamente 
progresando hacia los resultados deseados. Nuestros corresponsales en Cuba, los 
Sres. Guma-Mejer, han expedido un cAlculo para 1920-1921 de 3,995,142 toneladas, 
contra el caleulo de Mr. Himely de 4,051,000 toneladas, pero ambos calculos estan 
sujetos a un arreglo satisfactorio acerca del estado tan incierto que rige ahora en 
los negocios. 

Hemos revisado algo nuestro calculo de la cosecha de remolacha en los Estados 
Unidos y que esta para terminar, dando la cifra de 935,000 toneladas contra 950,000 
toneladas calculadas previamente. La cosecha de remolacha en el Canada también 
muestra indicios de menor rendimiento y hemos revisado ese calculo en 30,000 tone- 
ladas. 

Las noticias que hemos recibido por cable desde Java acerca de las exportaciones 
de azticar durante diciembre son muy interesantes, al mostrar que solamente se 
embarearon 3,000 toneladas de azticar al Oeste y que pueden ser destinadas a puertos 
de Europa o a puertos del Atléntico en los Estados Unidos, con 90,000 toneladas em- 
barcadas al lejano Oriente. 


Nueva York, enero 27 de 1921. 


JAVA SUGAR CROP FOR 1920 1919, but a decrease compared with the 
output of 1918, which amounted to 28,- 


The estimated total yield for 1920 of —. 
714,000 piculs. 


Java sugar is given in the Dutch East 
Indian Archipelago as 24,631,000 piculs 
(picul equals 136 pounds in the Dutch 
East Indies). Of this amount 22,206,000 
piculs are credited to mills now combined 
in the Java Sugar Association, which, by 
the end of August, had produced 15,500,- 
000 piculs. The yield for 1920 represents 
an increase over the 21,683,000 piculs of 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


MERCADERES No. 5 
HAVANA, CUBA 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Cable “ Turnure”’ FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of 
Collection and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public 
and Industrial Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection 
of Drafts, Coupons, etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and 
Letters of Credit on Havana and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, 
Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo and Central and South America. 


CORRESPONDENTS : 

HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank Ltd. 

Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: j Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 


and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size 2934 x 24. Copyrighted 1918, 
Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


82 Beaver St., New York 


HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


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Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks’’ New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 


Engineers, Boiler Makers & Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in all Branches. 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


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Agents for “Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


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37 


ee 
D 


WEE CUBA 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 
constructor de trasbordadores superiores 

Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 


bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘ La Victoria.”’ 


| A Weekly eubleauon of | 


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Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


—Ofrecemos sujetas 4 
Calderas venta prior las sig- 


uientes calderas de uso: 


10--B & W 219 oP: 


125 lbs. Presion 


de retorno tubular---90 lbs. Presion 

CHIEF ENGINEER’S OFFICE 
National Sugar Refining Co. of N. J. 

YONKERS, N. Y. (U.S. A.) 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL ST. 


Cable Address, ‘‘ Tide, New York” 


REVIEW 


BANK OF CUBA IN NEW YORK 


34 Wall St., New York 


Associate Bank of National Bank of Cuba 


General banking business transacted 
with special facilities for handling 
Cuban items through the National 
Bank of Cuba and its g2 branches 
and agencies. 

We are especially interested in dis- 
counting Cuban acceptances. 


Current Interest Rates Paid on Deposit Accounts 
subject to check. 


Loans, Discounts, Collections and Letters of 
Credit will receive our best attention. 


W. A. MERCHANT 
J. T. MONAHAN 
CHAS. F. PLARRE 
LaG JONES\= i" =< 
J. W. ALBAUGH 


Se habla Espanol 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 

- Asst. Cashier 
Asst. Cashier 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 


Transact a General Banking Business, 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


WANTED!! 


Back volumes of “ The International 
Sugar Journal” for the years 1896- 
IQOI-1904-1905-1908-rgIt ; * Louis- 
iana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer” 
from July 1889 to June 1918 ; “Cuba 
Review ” trom January 1903 to July 
1919; and “Sugar” from January 
1899 to October 1919. 


Those willing to sell should correspond 
with the Secretary, Sugar Bureau, 


PUSA, BIHAR, INDIA. 


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THE CUBA REVIEW 39 


Crust Company of Cuba 


CAPITAL - - - - - $500,000 
SURPLUS - - - - $900,000 


TRANSACTS A 


GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 


OswaldvAy Hornsby; ...--<.22-22s0--6s=0- President 
Claudio G. Mendoza... Vice-President 
James M. Hopgood. Vice-President 
Rogelio Carbajal... Vice-President 
AlbertoyMarquez =~: 42. ¢0+ see. sce == Treasurer 
Silvio Salicrup... .. Assistant Treasurer 
Luis Perez Bravo.. .. Assistant Treasurer 
WsearaCarbajal sae secre er mi terete Sale siete lel Secretary 
William M. Whitner........ Manager Real Estate 

and Insurance Depts. 


Our established relations with manufac- 
turers and large volume of business, 
allow us to quote advantageously on 
all classes ot 


RAW MATERIALS 


Chemical Products 
Caustic Soda—Bicarbonate — Soda Ash 
Muriatic Acid—Nitric—Sulphuric Acid 
Oils—Greases—Waxes 
Gums—Glues—Dextrines 
Fertilizers 
We also offer a full line of 
Sugar Bleach and Filtering Materials 
Tanners’ Extracts and Oils 
Paints and Preservatives 
Insecticides and Disinfectants 
Essences Herbs— Condiments 
Drugs and Chemical Specialties 
and all other requirements 


FOR ALL INDUSTRIES 


We feel it will be to your advantage to permit } 
us to figure on your requirements when you are 
next in the market. 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 


140 Liberty St., New York 
2 & 4 Muralla, Havana 


Santiago Cienfuegos Camaguey Matanzas 


Porto Rican Representatives: 
UNION COMMERCIAL CORPORATION 
Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P.R 


The Royal Bank «Canada 


Fundado en 1869 


Capital Pagado- - - - - $15,000,000 
Fondo de Reserva - - - - 15,000.009 


Activo Total - - - - - - 420,000,000 


QUINENTAS CINCUENTA SUCURSALES 
VEINTE Y OCHO SUCURSALES EN CUBA 
CINCO SUCURSALES EN LA HABANA 


LONDRES: 2 Bank Buildings, Princes Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Catalufia 6 


Corresponsales en todas las Plazas Bancables 
del mundo. Se expiden CARTAS DE CREDITO 
para viajeros en DOLLARS, LIBRAS ESTERLI- 
NAS y PESETAS, valederas sin descuentoalguno. f 


En el DEPARTAMENTO DE AHORROS se f 
admiten depésitos a interés desde CINCO PESOS 
en adelante. 


Sucursal Principal en la Habana: Obrapia 33 


Administradores 
R. DE AROZARENA F. W. BAIN 


Supervisor de Sucursales 
F. J. BEATTY 


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40 THE CUBA REVIEW 
United Rail f H 
CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 
7 eee 7 hs a ar 
No. II No. 1.No. 7.No.19 No. 5No.15 No.3 No.9 = HAVANA No.2 No. 8 No.20 No. 6 No.16 No. 4 
P PM; PM|PM/} PM | AM | AM! AM! & AM |A M;|AM | PM! PM| PM 
Bros. Lv. Ar 
10.35 | 10.30) 9.30, 4.01) T.or 11.51 8.20) 620 Central Station) 6.23 7.50! 9.50) 3.16| 6.01} 7.18 
AM Ar. Lv. 
ase 12.41 | 11.43 | 6.35] 3-12| 2.25| 1012] 8.52] 58]..-Matanzas ..| 4.10} 5.26| 7.05| 1:02] 3.15] 5,06 
PM AM M M 
mace liste 4.00] 8.50] 6.13 |......| 12.50] 1250] 109]...Cardenas....|......| 12.05 | 500] 9.30|-.....| %40 
PM AM 
etaacalt Erelat ors STG | ase ae BETS {220 335.| 3:35:| 179) -SagUa. ccs...) eeenas WE 5 5 wees 6:25 '|.c seme 11.55 
oe ne 9.15 sc owaele|| FeO] cg0!| 230|...nCalbarien. .. 8:00" lac res Sree tare ee 8 00 
6.00 AM O:00 1} bas.ccc 180] .Santa Clara..| tr.00} PM |...... 7 40 | 5 <s.cnte aan 
6.45 - 4.30.| 4.30} 195|...Cienfuegos..|...... 11.00 
AM PM PM AM 
AtEee 9-55 eerie See <| aes. «| 24T| Sanctr Spiritus | “4.45 |. 4 <2 re RI esc 
AN 
eee orl 11.45 Bist cou: .--..| 276|\Ciego de Avila} 3.45| ..... 12.40'| «csc chee 
| PM AM 
aekcarg' | 3.05 GOO! esis citcwe nal hs disse} SAOl ony CAMIARUEY 5 ui! 22005 9.15; |. «=010 6 eae 
PM PM PM 
rere ine Pamoais |: conch eeee BAS | sie aoca| mass 50 A nEril a ci. ss} seis | fs owes lores | ROUAO I stevie 
| 3.00 CFE eh) RAS Pata es OY Ve en ec BAe}. GANACO ak LOR ec ene] bees 9.30 |..ceeh eee 
| AM PM AM AM 
I 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6,7, 8, 11 and 12. 
*Via Carrefio. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAvANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
CERIN EROS ra cieisr oie cela wwe pec eivisiemis(<iaieWe te 3.60 $3.00 $8.00 $10.00 
CAIDATION nem prace ctaais avalos eae Se Sa eee 3.60 3.00 8.00 10.00 
SANE CATA foi co rcjs cass temo a bse ier wee cies 3.60 3.00 8.00 10.00 
EAIIA DEY, cekic coment cate ae eee 4.20 3.50 10.00 12.00 
MAEN Diner cron iinet seis Sa alr Sn Se cee 6.00 5.00 14.00 18.00 
Sanhago dé Guibas. : so.ciecadesics secre 6.00 5.00 14.00 18.00 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
Wes: Gy U.S. Cy 
TILT recess eislesisaton tar een aes $30.37 [slevor Pinesiaa. semcceeee a ee ets ee $7.50 
BatabanGye jor oeee ochcs eer ash ccace 1.99 Madigan. sc ee citi: es aia ee oe ate 3.91 
BAVAMIG Haaan suc sats nafasor scare 26.82 Marizanillovaca. stetacetcte tes caer 28.59 
CalDATION cielo oats ae see als =e 13 84 WatanZdSsccjienanecie acute sive viene -  AaIG 
Gamage y cocs sey coco ctetecaeeeene 20.14 PIACEEAS Ys con ecu Save sein nite eater 12.36 
Cardenass vicp.sece aoc eleee ae Sot OS Remedios sses.xn auaee rises eee ene 13.53 
Prego de Avila ce s..Ac peers vesl-nivioe 165309 Ab Sap iidie eects ase a eens oe been oes 10.08 
CHCTIME DUS famous ieee pee ie ees T1335.) | SanmAntonios oe csieve-la se) ele 81 
Colonists oes. i ew ee 7.20 Sancti) Spiritus: 5-5. e.4es ee eee 14.55 
Guantanamo rnc n-ne emcees 33-26 Santa Clara ccocan aneste cession 11,09 
Holgi 20s ne Saeoe ee conn o oec oer 27.56 Santiago de Cuba .<. 2... occ se veces 31.35 


‘No. 10,.No. 12 
| PM | AM 
* eee 
9.30 6.30 
6.59 |soswinng 
| 
/ 3-50 |- cane 
/ 11.55 ‘ 
| 8.00 |....0« 
II.00 | 10.00 
AM | PM 


see ee eee wee 


Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 
«10 pounds or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in third-class. 


“WEEK-END” TICKETS 


FIRST- 


AND THIRD-CLASS 


are on sale from Havana to all stations of the United Railways (except Rincon and 
such as are located at less than twenty kilometres from Havana) and vice versa, valid 
going on Saturdays and returning on any ordinary train the following Sunday or Monday 
at very low rates. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


W. T. MEDLEY, Commercial Agent 


PRADO, 118 


HAVANA, CUBA 


Please iisention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA 


REVIEW 41 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
‘“PASSOL’’ SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD ST., Cor. Stone. NEW YORK 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. en. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 
Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A.. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 

Espana. 
INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 


MATANZAS, CUBA 


Established 50 Years Shipping Trade a Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 
Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 
{ 10062). 
| 10063) 
Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone 316 Henry Night Call, 2278 Henry 


Telephones : Bowling Green 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 


Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We ate prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting werk in Cuba. 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Cable Address; Kunomale, New York 
Telephone, 3300 South 


Box 186 
Maritime Exchange 


YULE & MUNRO 
SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
BoaT BUILDERS, ETC. 


Telephone 
215 Hamilton 


No. 9 Summit Street 
Near Atlantic Dock BROOKLYN 


DANIEL WEILL s enc. 
COMERCIANTE EN GENERAL 
Especialidad en Ropa Hecha de Trabajo 


Am in a position to push the sales ot 
American high class products Would 
represent a first-class firm. 


APARTADO 102 CAMAGUEY, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either‘on a 
commission basis or under agency arrangements 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 
Engravers- - Hine Stationery 


RUIZ BUILDING 


O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P.O. Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


F. W. Hvoslef E. C. Day R. M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 
Steamship Agents & Ship Brokers 


18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘ Benvosco”’ 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Pier for the Port of Astoria, 432 feet wide by 1600 feet long. 
Built by The Foundation Company. 


Harbor Works Built for 


Service as well as Appearance 


REFINERIES, PIPE LINES, POWER DEVELOPMENTS, 
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, WATER AND SEWER SYSTEMS, 
RAILROADS AND RAILWAY STRUCTURES 
BUILT RAPIDLY AND ECONOMICALLY 


THE FOUNDATION COMPANY 


Engineering Construction 


CITY OF NEW YORK: HAVANA, CUBA: 
120 LIBERTY STREET HORTER BUILDING 
The new Astoria Pier built by The Foundation Company 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 43 


Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES : 


82 Beaver Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 
Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Keyser Building, BALTIMORE. MD. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
r11 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 
New York Antilla Antilla New York 
Sy ip VE INAIVIEASR ote 5 ares 2s Mar. 5 Mar. 9 Mar. 12 Mar. 16 
teeny Tre Searchece tare ss Mar. 19 Mar. 23 Mar. 26 Mar. 30 
BripR = aphtck Save te snstonc ae ENDIF; Z Apr. 6 Apr. 9 ANjoye, TA 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular Sailings as follows: 


Matanzas....Every Week | Isabela de Sagua .. Every 3 Weeks | Antilla... Every 3 Weeks 

Cardenas. Every 3 Weeks | Caibarien......... Sane one ee: Sanittaco- meson ee 

Havana... ..... Every Week | Nuevitas.......... Sah ei veaney ate Ciemimesos $5 9S oe 
Guantanamo...... oe Ses Amsler 


MOBILE—South America Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 


A STEAMER—Montevideo-Buenos Aires 


Seale sey tere eE wets TTI N eI eee Semi-monthly 
A STEAMER—Brazil............ 


SeeveDadeedoousdacnenvacsonon seunns aso MOMUOIhy 


NEW YORK-—South America Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
New York to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Aires 


BOR Map AG WASEIUN GA ONe (‘ty)ine tobe te ecb stielais steed «eek stare eee aera March 5 
Bea come eel) @vINES (a eee paises om secs ve te ec rereusy feusta So hac osinus ei mic eee Bt uote ana’ sacl oa ereeited oe March 23 
ecm a ls IO Sig (an) heehee oa ee ape neste res PUN CE) Ne Wi apasaparancane emia a ates April 6 
(a) 1st, 2d and 3d class. _ (b) Ist and 2d class. 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 
BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 

FREIGHT ONLY 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Havana..........0-..scesenereee Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago............. Every Other Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


44 T BD) C:U BB A) Bey: DE Ww 


No. SS-96 
Steel Conveyor 


Chain 


FOR MODERN CANE CONDUCTOR 
INSTALLATIONS 


No. SS-96 was designed particularly 
for use in cane feeder carriers and the 
conductors to the Mills. It is now almost 
universally used in this work. It is the 
effective chain for cane conductors. 


Look for our 
Trade Mark on every link. 
Write for Catalog No. 355. 
LINK-BELT COMPANY 


299 BROADWAY 
NEW YORK CITY 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Direccion Telesréfica. = 165 Broadway, New York, U.S.A. 


pecagen ee ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 
Aqui se ve el gt ibad uno de nuestros carros mas modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 


de todos tipos y « iS Capacidac BS para uso en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
Méjico, con t y jaulas de madera o de acero. Produccién annual de mds de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR 1 B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA Representante para Cuba 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


De a) 


annie 4 


to 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Ruedas de 
Hierro Enfriado 
y Ejes de Acero 
para Carros 

y Coches de 
Ferrocarril. 


A razon porqué las 
r: ruedas de Hierro 
Enfriado proce- 
dentes de nuestras f4- : 
bricas tienen preferencia sobre las otras se debe a que el hierro enfriado puede resistir 
mejor que cuz iulquier otro metal las cargas excesivas, las grandes velocidades y el roz- 
amiento generado por los frenos modernos. Talleres montados a la moderna’ y condi- 
ciones ventajosas para obtener las materias primas nos ponen en condiciones de cot- 
izar precios atractivos. 


NEW YORK CAR WHEEL COMPANY 


JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente 


Direccion cablegrafica : 
STReT LEY: NEWYORK 43 CEDAR STREET, NEW YORK, EE. U.U. 


JAMES M. MOTLEY 43: CEDAR ane 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 


THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 

GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO. LTD. 

THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 

STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan : Locomotoras 

Carros para cafia 

Rieles y accesso- 
rios 

Chuchos y ranas 

Aserraderos 

Calderas 

Maquinas, de va- 
por y de gaso- 
lina 

Tanques 

Tornos 

Trapiches y toda 
clase de maquin- 
aria para Ingen- 
ios de Azucar 

Calentadores de 
agua de alimen- 
taci6n 

Alambiques para 
agua 

Madera, pino am- 


Aso ‘itud se remiten catalogos y presupuestos. arillo 
egrafica: JAMOTLEY, New York (Se usan todas las claves). 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW vchen writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW = 


D: Para todos usos y de todos tamafios, de los para 
AY A caila con cuarto ruedas y capacidad de 1% tone- 
z ladas 4 los con juegos dobles de ruedas y capac- 
Carros de Ingenios idad de 30 toneladas. 
Hacemos una especialidad de juegos de herrajes, incluyendo los juegos de rue- 
das, completamente armados, con todas las piezas de metal, y planos com- 


pletos para construir los carros 4 su destino de maderas del pais. 


A 802 


RAMAPO IRON WORKS, 30 Church St., NEW YORK, N. Y. CABLE ADDRESS 


MALIAM 


HOLBROOK TOWING LINE, Inc. 


W. S. HOLBROOK, Pres. 
Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 


Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Ni 
Phone Broad Night Phone 


4266-4267 15 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, U.S.A. ges Rigg SSS 


WILLETT & GRAY, Brokers and Agents 
FOREIGN AND SUG ARS RAW AND 


REFINED 
82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


e 
Guanajay from 5 A.M. to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P. M. 
FARE - - $1.00 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


e 
Guines sme from 5.50 A. M. to 7.50 P. M. Last train 11.10 P. M. 
FARE - : $1.25 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANAS FORTRESS) FROM 
LOA ESI RU SO a PaS UN UES 1K) 


Ine sal ae Ce tsinyg lope ees roe aed oe ees eG, cae aN one $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway).......... Wit 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry) ......... .06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A.M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A.M. to 11 P.M. 


4 THE CUBA REVIEW 


JACKSON 


TUBULAR BARROWS 


are made with extra deep pressed trays. 
No seams or rivets to prevent complete 


discharge of load, 


TT Tubular Barrow—3 Cu. Ft. 
WRITE FOR CATALOG 


THE JACKSON MANUFACTURING Co. 
HARRISBURG, PA. 


Bomba Kinney Para Mieles 


Presién Positiva. Envolos Rotatorios, Sin 
Muelles ni Valvulds. Forrado interiormente 
de Bronce. La Mas econémica para bombear 
liquidos espestos, como mirles, acieites guar- 
apos, etc. Funciona actualmente con el 
mejor éxito en muchos ingenios y refinerias. 
Capacidades de 50 4 800 galones por minuto. 


Pidanse precios y pormenores 4 


Newell Manufacturing Company 
SINGER BUILDING - NEW YORK 


Agentes para Cuba y la demas Antillas 


United Railways of Havana 
WESTERN DIVISION 


TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


AM | AM| AM| Fare Fare; AM | AM| PM PM|PM PM 


10.15} 6.55| 5.45 |1st cl.} Lv. Cen. Sta...Ar : : II.09 | 12.01 | 3 20 | 7.09 8.00 
12.24 | 8 24 Ar...Artemisa..Lv 40 | 5 9.40 5.45 
Br 9.51 5. Ar. Paso Real..Lv . 

10.05 ‘ Ar. Herradura .Lv 

10.56 | 7.30 71 | Ar.Pinar del RioLv 

12.40 | 11.45 | 8.83 | Ar.... Guane...Lv 


PM 


nn smo 


TROLLEY Arroyo Naranjo 


Calabazar 
TRIPS Leaving Central Station every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 7.15 P. M., 
and every hour thereafter to 11.15 P M. 


Please niention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 5 


HEREVER packing is required to withstand strenuous service— 
regardless of climatic or operating conditions 


“Lion Packing” 


will measure up to every requirement. 


Be sure that you get the genuine LION PACKING—the KING 


of power and rod saving packing with the metal studs. 


A FREE SAMPLE AWAITS YOUR REQUEST 


James Walker & Company, Ltd. 


46 WEST STREET NEW YORK CITY 


Romanas 
Howe 


De 
Suspension 


Para 
Cuarapo 


Con brazos de registro que estampan los pesos sobre papeletas. 

Graduados en tipo métrico. Libras Americanas 6 Espafnolas. 

Brazo que no es de registro y pesos en tipo que no sea el de brazo de registro, 
si se desea. 

Aparatos de Tanques Sencillos para Miel. 

Otras Romanas de todos tamafios y descripciones. 


The Howe Scale Co. of New York, N.Y. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when icriting to Advertisers 


6 THE CUBA REVIEW 


‘YORK 


NEW 


La Compania Gregg 


FABRICANTES E IMPORTADORES 


EQUIPOS FERROVIARIOS 


Carros para cama de todas clases, tamanos o capacidades, para cualquier ancho de via, etc. 
Carros planchas, gondolas, casillas, tanques, tolvas, de volteo, etc. 
Vias Portatiles---Carritos para usarse en Vias Portatiles---Trasbordadores de Cafia--- 
ruas---Ranas---Chuchos, etc. 


Oficina y Almacen, Aguiar 118, Habana 


TENEMOS EXISTENCIA COMPLETA PARA EMBARQUE INMEDIATO 


ii! 


ia 


= 4 


Il. No. 523 —Palabra de Clave YEHOD 


Il. No. 525—Palabra de Clave YEHMY 


= —— 


II. No. 527—Palabra de Clave YEH 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


II. No. 528 —Palabra de Clave YEHLU 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


FULL WIDTH 
26 INCHES 


The 
Weather = 
Proof 
Roof 


that Lasts 
a Century 


| “OLD CHATEAU” | 


Pure zinc does not rust or decay. Needs no painting or re- 
pairs. Roofing problems vanish forever once zinc is put on. 
In Europe, where its value as roofing has long been known, 
there are many zinc roofs that are in perfect condition alter 
a century of exposure to the weather. 


“Old Chateau” is made in corrugated patterns, Corru- 
gations 3 inches, 214 inches or 14% inches. Any length up 
to 120 inches. All gauges. 


Prompt shipments can be made on all sizes. 


Packed securely for export handling. 


WRITE FOR FULL INFORMATION 


The American Zinc Products Co. 
a. 271 AMERICAN AVENUE 


GREENCASTLE, INDIANA 


NEW YORK OFFICE: 
50 Church Street 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


8 Toh. C0 .B Ae RE V 1s: 


BEMON | 


Engineers - Contractors . Exporters 


NEW YORK EDDYSTONE 
STRUCTURAL STEEL 
Especially for Sugar Mills 


MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS ( Boner ) NEW YORK OFFICE 
22d & Washington Ave. trectann Unde 15 PARK ROW 
PHILADELPHIA ( Five Letter Edition \ CABLE ADDRESS ‘“ BELIRON” 


Illustrated Catalog in English, trench and Spanish mailed on request. 


Davip NEWMAN & CoO. nc. 


Direccién Cable: CLAVES: 
NEWMADAVID 79 WALL STREET A.B.C__ All Editions 
Teleph \ Western Union 

Saree (Rig NEw YORK Liebers 

Hanover (5011 Bentley Simplex 


Somos el centro para 


Rieles Usados 


de todos pesos y descripciénes, 


Siempre podemos dar cotizaciones 4 los precios mas bajos 
del mercado 6 bien F.O.B. cualquier puerto del Atlantico 
6 del Golfo 6 C.S.F. cualquier puerto de Cuba, 

Sera 4 su ventaja confrontar nuestras cotizaciones antes de 
colocar sus pedidos, 


TRADE WITH BOSTON 


Year Ending Year Ending 

May,1920 May 31, 1920 May,1919 May 31, 1919 

Rees trom Cuba...:.....<..26 $ 8,798,986 $44,508,674 $3,980,850 $25,119,713 
meme) tO Cuba........5..06+00% 2 066,903 12,313,485 1,474,113 13,376,740 
Year Ending . Year Ending 

June, 1920 June 30,1920 June,1919 June 30, 1919 

Imports from Cuba.............. $17,057,929 $59,344,923 $2,221,680 $25,351,350 
Meatatrseto Cuba...........0e006 1,794,388 12,859,989 1,247,834 13,779,501 
Year Ending Year Ending 

July, 1920 July 31,1920 July,1919 July 31, 1919 

iuparmsrtrom Cuba.............-- $11,222,991 $68,832,417 $1,735,497 $25,484,205 


MPRIEESMEEON OLDE. «055.002 002 008 700 12,859,353 1,336 12,890,404 


VY xk 


20TANICAL 


(A i aie 


me CUBA KEVIE W 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 82-92 Beaver Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 
$1.00 Per Year - - - - - - 10 Cents Single Copy 


ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 


VoL. XIX MARCH, 1921 No. 4 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page—Boiler House, Central Chaparra, Oriente Province. 


Frontispiece—Central Hershey, Havana Province. 


Cuban Government Matters: 


Cuban Act Creating a Temporary Banking Liquidation Commission................ Hil) 12, 3 
Diploma erenvAD POIMtMMeItstwescescttetseoesestetesee sec eter ae act eee ee eons ap nears ed mae cee renee eens 13 
MniavewTatronm ote GOvernome ots blawatial met OVillC Cr sestcss-urncnesencecsn-esrosns acess seccencanesenctenesesceseoetce 13 
ENG WitepleO Stalls VENALES sce cceree soeveomeecm setae occas evaree cco ss an covteeveus hee cues Soe ieee sada poahnnss dosnceke eaebnscssece sete 13 


TElarwennn), (Cooper eisaxola\e nae ceseseniccodeoececactarore ce oacasaccea ncn cen eCeercae nace pacar ore rman te Ome aRceaer ces 14, 15, 16,-17, 18 


Themyawrtigs @im@l TBS 0G ieES cecncocososceccncce-cobeiecasceeso-¢ceerooncnocbe soo aeate sogeetescecesencerc Coenercacoce oacboSconvoLAen ceebenaode cocanaecsccacdecas 


Prevailing, Prices for Cuban Sectrities.:.c.c.cc-.-.2c2c-ccsncccnccccccce cee ceececcnesneceecnesesen cee cevenceetnessnsnessureaceessnsenszee 


The Sugar Industry: 
Cuban Sugar Industry—Its Immediate Past, Present and Future, by H. O. 
IN Guill sess ten AN sa a Baa sae eC 2 a AY, Wil, Oe Dey NAS. Dee ON) 
Grn oF Colm IRane Steere IDR @SS Tore UD20 occ cccactecccencecoctectocucmnecnossecoeLobocaaccorececaorocecn 19 
Sugar Estate Statistics of the Island of Cuba......29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 


Siewar TReyaieg Tima biel nates ccsscns-boscccessocdseecaccossoLeacaa ase sosoc naan oobecebsacodacneo=cee0 Spee op So Ny eee a 40, 41, 42 


Sraygar  TRewieiy, - SiORvaS tj 345 sscocccorace dooce Saccbanceecsedooncebragcasoncaedenetenat oar eceeichs ead kotecoonecoccronc es uoS CHOC See Ode. 42, 43, 44 


by OAs 


RE 


Ao Bis 


( 


AWG ot I 


10 


‘20uIAOIg BuRAeyy ‘Aaysiayy [eajuag 


ne neal 


o. THE 
CUBA REVIEW 


ALL eAbOwUt CUBA 


Copyright, r92r, by the Alunson Steamship Line 


VOLUME XIX MARCH. 1921 NUMBER 4 


CUBAN ACT CREATING A TEMPORARY BANKING 
LIQUIDATION COMMISSICN 


The following. in substance, is the translation of the text of a law, known as the 
Torriente Law No. 2, passed by the Cuban Senate and recently signed by the Cuban 
President, creating a Temporary Banking Liquidation Commission : 


Art, I. The provisions of this act are applicable to credit companies and to banks 
of issue and discount referred to in Sections VII and VIII of Title I, Book II of the 
Code of Commerce in force, and to all such mercantile companies and private bankers 
the principal business of which may be to receive money on deposit and to keep current 
accounts with or without interest and savings deposits with any corporation, company, 
or persons. 

Whenever the word bank is used in this act it must be understood as referring to 
all or any of the companies. corporations, and persons mentioned in this article. 


ArT. II. There is hereby created a commission to be composed of three members, 
which shall be known as the Temporary Banking Liquidation Commission, and when- 
ever the word commission is used in this act it must be understood to refer to that 
commission. The members of said commission shall be appointed by the President of 
the Republic. One of them shall be the secretary of the treasury, who will preside 
over the commission, and the other two members shall be persons of known fitness in 
banking matters and not connected in any way with those banks in regard to which 
the commission is to exercise its functions. The commission shall cease in functions 
within 60 days from the final termination of all the business devolving upon it under 
the present act, and all the other instrumentalities created by this act shall cease in 
like manner. 


ArT. III. In any of the cases contemplated by Article V of this act the commission 
shall be authorized and required to take possession of, to control, and administer all 
the property, rights. and rights of action of any kind, cash on hand, and securities, as 
well as assets and liabilities of the bank, to exercise all kinds of actions, to receive 
rents, collect all debts due to the bank under its administration or liquidation, and to 
compromise the same whenever it shall be necessary in its judgment. It is to make 
transfers or cessions of said credits and to contract and enforce obligations in the due 
course of administration of the bank, and generally to do all such acts and carry out 
such measures in connection with all the foregoing as the commission may deem neces- 
Sary to the ends of this act, including the payment of outstanding debts of the bank 
and the distribution of the money and other properties that shall remain over among 
those entitled thereto. All the acts above referred to regarding the administration of 
any bank pursuant to this act shall be carried out with a view either to re-establish 
its solvency within the briefest possible period, or to bring about the final liquidation 
and accordingly the definitive cessation of the same. 

ART. TV. Of the powers vested in and duties imposed upon the commission by 
this act, those relating to the administration and liquidation of any bank under its 
jurisdiction shall be executed through a liquidation board, separately created for each 
such bank, and which shall be under the inspection, direction, and control of the com- 
Mission. Whenever the word board shall be used it must be understood that the same 
refers to the liquidation board. 


ArT. VY. Banks established in the Republic and included in Article I of this act 


43 


12 THE CUBA REVIEW 


shall be deemed to be in a condition of suspension of payments for all the purposes 
and ends of this act whenever they shall come under the cases defined in articles 870 
and 871 of the Code of Commerce as amended by the law of June 24, 1911. 


Within 48 hours of their being in such a condition, their directors, managers, or 
administrators shall submit to the commission a statement setting forth the causes 
which compel them to request of the commission that they be considered in the con- 
dition of suspension of payments. 


Persons who shall be in the situation defined by the first paragraph of article 
876 of the Code of Commerce and any creditor having an obligation evidenced by a 
title of credit of any bank and showing that the bank has ceased in the ordinary pay- 
ment of its obligations, or who may have an obligation due to him from a bank, evi- 
denced by a title of credit, which may be due and collectible in whole or in part, 
pursuant to the law of liquidation of the moratorium granted by decree of October 10, 
1920, of the executive power, may also request in writing of the commission that the 
bank in default be deemed to:be in a condition of suspension of payments for all the 
purposes and ends of this act. 


Articles VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X deal with examination of the petitioner’s claims 
against the bank; the designation of representatives, respectively, of the creditors of 
the hank and of the owners of the bank; the examination of the books of the bank; 
the taking charge by the board, for the commission, of the control of the bank and of 
its reorganization or liquidation; and the composition and methods of procedure of 
the board. 


FURTHER PROVISIONS OF THE ACT 
Further provisions of the act are: 


Arr, XI. Resolutions on all questions decided by the board relating to coneurrent 
and preferred creditors, to propositions for reorganization or liquidation of the bank, 
and to amounts to be paid to the creditors of any class, shall not be final until after 
10 days from the notification of the interested parties. * * * 


Only in regard to resolutions referred to in this article may any interested party 
have judicial recourse, the which shall be to the Civil Chamber of the Supreme Court 
by petition in writing signed by a lawyer accompanied by a certified copy of the reso- 
lution which the board shall issue to the interested parties within the 24 hours following 
the application therefor, As soon as said chamber shall receive such petition, it shall 
make it known to the board in the most speedy manner in order that it may suspend 
enforcement of the resolution and within 10 days the chamber shall decide what it 
may deem just. Against this decision no other recourse may be had than a petition 
for rehearing. When the said chamber shall have rendered a final decision in the 
matter, it shall notify the board by means of a certified copy of the same and said 
board shall carry out the decision of said chamber. Within the period fixed for its 
decision, the chamber may hear the board in writing. 


All matters submitted to the chamber shall be decided by it according to. the 
provisions of law in force, and in the absence of such provisions, according to custom, 
to the general principles of law, or to commercial usages, so that in no case shall it 
fail to decide what may be submitted to it for decision. 


Arr. XII. From the moment that the commission declares the state of suspension 
of payments according to the provisions of this act, no creditor can initiate any 
executory process or exercise any special action, excepting the creditors who may 
have mortgages or pledges to the extent of recovery out of the properties mortgaged 
or pledged. 


Proceedings that may be pending, except as otherwise provided in this act, may be 


continued, but executory proceedings shall be suspended at the stage of enforcing the 
judgment and ordinary actions at the stage of execution of judgment. 


All pending actions, and all proceedings thereunder, instituted at any time prior 


to the taking effect of this act, by any bank comprehended in the first article of this 
act or by the creditors of said banks against them, under the provisions of the bank- 
ruptey laws contained in the Code of Commerce and in the Ley de Enjuiciamiento 
Civil, or of the law of suspension of payments of June 24, 1911, shall not be exercised 
or continued from the time of the taking effect of this act, but shall cease from the 


moment of the taking effect of this act, and said bank shall immediately become sub- 


ject to the commission established by the same and shall be liquidated or reorganized 


———— ee 


See 


a 


GUISE ID) COW Vejve RB AIL My 13 


by said commission, according to the provisions of this act. During the period and to 
the extent of the operation of the provisions of this act, whatever is provided for in it 
shall exclude all other classes of proceedings that may modify or change its effects and 
no existing law shall be held operative in so far as inconsistent with the provisions 
of this act concerning the matters which the same embraces. 


Art. XIII. Within three months after the commission has issued its decree 
declaring the suspension of payments, the board shall submit to the commission, to 
the creditors, and to the stockholders or owners of the bank a plan of reorganization 
whenever it may be possible to pay the creditors in installments that in the aggregate 
do not exceed the period of one year and in the event that the bank shall not have 
lost an amount greater than 50 per cent. of its capital subscribed and paid. Should 
the case be otherwise, the board will decide to liquidate, as also in case neither the 
ereditors nor the owners of the capital stock accept the reorganization plan. For 
approval of this plan the votes of the stockholders or persons representing three-fourths 
of the capital and the votes of the creditors representing three-fourths of the credits 
shall be necessary, and the plan must also be approved by the commission. 


Articles XIV, XV, and XVI relate to the question of the personal responsibility 
of members of the commission and its representatives and to matters of fraud discov- 
ered and concealment of property. The chief provisions concluding the act are as 
follows: 


ArT. XVII. The provisions of this special act shall be deemed complementary 
of the other law of liquidation of the moratorium granted by the executive power on 
October 10, 1920, and, accordingly, shall be applicable only to banks, private bankers, 
and savings banks to which the same relates and to all corporations, companies, or 
persons included in the first article of this act, which may be comprehended within 
{ts provisions during the time in which the commission created by it may be functioning 
on the work devolving upon that body. 


ADDITIONAL ARTICLE. The provisions of this act do not include the funds of any 
kind belonging to the State, the Provinces, nor the municipalities, nor to other official 
organisms, or that appear in the name of special public officials for payments on their 
account, or the account of private individuals who have turned in such funds to that 
end, nor those of the International Pan-American Office for the protection of industrial 
and trade-marks. Likewise, they do not include the funds donated in any manner 
for the advancement of learning and for prizes to students. 


[The unpublished portion of the law can be examined at the Bureau of Foreign 
and Domestic Commerce by referring to file No, 22752.] 


DIPLOMATIC APPOINTMENTS 


Senor Augusto Merchan, the Consul of 
Cuba in London, has been appointed 
chargé Waffaires at Quito, Ecuador. 

Dr. Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, Cuban 
minister to the United States, has been 
appointed minister to Argentina. 


NEW POSTAL RATES 


The director general of communications, 
Havana, has addressed a circular to post- 
masters throughout the Island, calling 
their attention to the fact that under the 
hew postal convention between Cuba and 


Spain, Philippines and the republic of 
America, the rate on second-class mail is 
one cent per pound or fraction of a pound, 
when dispatched by publishers or their 
agents, and one cent for every four ounces 
or fraction thereof when dispatched by 
others. 


INAUGURATION OF GOVERNOR OF 
HAVANA PROVINCE 


Major Alberto Barreras, for the second 
time in his career, took the oath of office 
as governor of Havana province on Feb- 
ruary 25th. Mayors of the leading towns 
in the province attended the ceremony. 


14 THE CUBA KEV LEW 


HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE 


February 26, 1921. 


PORT CONGESTION: The Port of Havana today presents a striking contrast to 
what it was six months ago and the great majority of the credit for the good work 
done properly belongs to Col. Manuel Despaigne, working under a special appointment 
from President Menocal with instructions to clear up the congestion. The General 
Wharves (property of the Government) were first attacked and the progress made 
was fast and the work well done. Thousands of tons of merchandise of all kinds were 
removed to yacant places throughout the city. Merchants gave the relief in other 
instances, and in still other cases tons and tons of perishable merchandise was towed 
to sea and dumped overboard when it had remained on the wharves long enough to 
have become spoiled. 

There are still many vessels in the Bay of Havana, but the majority of them 
are awaiting orders to proceed to other ports for loading cargoes for the North, There 
are but very few awaiting their discharge and the terrible congestion which prevailed 
during the greater part of 1920 can be considered as relieved, although it is pointed 
out by Col. Despaigne—and we believe with very good judgment—that unless the 
consignees continue to give the prompt removal of their merchandise the closest atten- 
tion and keep continually after the removal of cargo once it has been discharged on 
the wharves, the congested condition will return and Havana will again be a port 
shunned by all shipping interests. 

Although this splendid relief has been noted on the General Wharves, the tendency 
on the privately-owned wharves is toward a renewal of the congestion, since the 
steamship lines operating into Cuba find themselves powerless to bring the same 
relative pressure to bear on the merchants as was brought to bear by Col. Despaigne, 
who is employed by the Cuban Government. Whereas the Government could authorize 
its agent to remove merchandise from wharves, private companies had to take into 
consideration the fact that the merchants would be antagonized should pressure be 
brought to bear on them, which would result in the loss of business. As a conse- 
quence, we find that without exception the privately-owned wharves are finding it 
necessary to keep continually behind consignees to have them remove freight as 
promptly as possible after the ships are discharged, in an effort to continue to operate 
their vessels on a regular schedule. 

A condition that undoubtedly helped to bring on this relieved condition is the 
financial crisis that befell Cuba during last October. Immediately the situation 
became strained, many cancellations were effected and, naturally, smaller amounts 
of cargo were brought to Cuba. However, today it is pleasant to note the renewal 
of business generally and our optimistic predictions seem to have been well founded, 
if the revival of business can be taken as meaning that confidence has been renewed 
in the solvency of the Island of Cuba. 


SUGAR: Many new developments have come to pass during the past month and 
we are led to believe that the growers and manufacturers of sugar are, after all, to 
obtain something ef the relief that has been so sorely needed since the commencement 
of the present grinding. For one thing, the Government has passed legislation which 
is materially assisting the Cuban banks in their endeavor to weather the financial 
storm that has heen pending since last October—and was temporarily assisted by the 
Presidential decree calling into force a moratorium— by the enactment of the Torriente 
Law, which extended the time for liquidation of all outstanding accounts to May 30, 
1921. Another feature that has materially assisted the great majority of the pro- 
ducers of sugar is the.recently formed commission for the control of the sale of 
sugars. In order to form this commission it was necessary to obtain the approval 


THE CUBA REVIEW 15 


of 75 per cent. of the cane growers, which was secured. The first effect of the estab- 
lishment of this commission was the immediate rise of sugar of about 114 cents 
per pound, or from 3.50 cents per pound to nearly 5 cents. This commission is to 
pass on and approve all sales of Cuban sugars, the object being the prevention of 
sales for less than a fair price in order to guarantee fairly substantial returns for 
the sugars sold. 

There are those who protested strenuously against the appointment of this Com- 
mission, but the consensus of opinion holds that it was the only means that could 
be adopted. The producers of sugar had gone to enormous expense in the purchase 
of new and up-to-date machinery and also in the preparation of vast new tracts of 
land for the production of sugar for the grinding of the 1920-1921 crop. With the 
prices as quoted at the beginning of the grinding, namely 3% cents per pound, the 
sugar producers stood to lose exactly $5.00 per bag on every bag of sugar made. It 
is generally admitted that there will not be any great amount of money made on 
5 cent sugar, but those most concerned in this industry estimate that the Ingenios, 
at this price, will be permitted to at least meet their outstanding obligations and 
prepare themselves for lower prices which are expected to obtain for the next crop, 
that of 1921-1922. 

One of the adverse developments of the past month is the enactment in the United 
States of the Fordney Tariff Bill, which will increase the duty on raw sugar from 
about 80 cents per 100 pounds to $1.60 per 100 pounds. From Associated Press News 
it has been gathered here that President Wilson intends to veto this act if it is passed 
and the sentiment is strongly against the incoming American administration’s review- 
ing the measure with the ultimate intention of passing it. Legislating against Cuban 
sugar is, it is believed, sure to affect the price to the ultimate consumer, since the 
producers, it is generally agreed, cannot absorb this extra duty this year or next. 

Labor is adjusting itself to these new conditions very slowly and it is believed 
that, although labor will have to be content with lower wages for the coming crop, 
little toward a materially reduced wage can be accomplished this year, since the cost 
of living has not declined to any appreciable extent so far. 


CUBAN GOVERNMENT MATTERS: The partial elections that were scheduled to 
be held March 1st have been postponed until March 10th, when it is expected that 
the question of the next President of Cuba will be settled definitely. Dr. Alfredo 
Zayas, it is declared, will surely remain the people’s choice, although some of the 
Liberals are of the opinion that General José Miguel Gomez will be found to have 
received the necessary plurality. For a time the situation was somewhat tense be- 
tween the contending parties, but within the last few days, the papers announce, a 
partial reconciliation has been effected and the forthcoming partial elections will 
doubtless be carried out without disturbances of any kind. The uncertainty of the 
Situation has precluded the possibility of Dr. Zayas making any announcements as 
fo who will comprise his cabinet, should he be finally elected, and the Liberals have 
never, it would seem, felt that they were sure enough of the election to have made 
decisions either, 

General Crowder, author of thernew Cuba Electoral Law, who was sent to Cuba 
by the Washington Government for the purpose of rendering what assistance might be 
heeded, remains in the city awaiting, we assume, the final outcome of the elections 
before returning to the United States with his report of conditions as he found them 
in Cuba. 


FINANCIAL CONDITIONS: The Torriente Law, whereby affected banks were 
granted until May 30, 1921, to liquidate their outstanding obligations, is working 
splendidly so far and much praise has been extended to Representative Torriente 
for his broad-mindedness in shaping this splendid law which will mean so much 


16 THE CUBA REVIEW 


for the banking institutions. None of the banks that it was felt would close their 
doors when the moratorium had expired have done so, but on the contrary are paying 
out the 20 per cent. called for under the law with little or no difficulty. However, 
rumor has it that some very distressing details of the manipulation of these banks 
have been withheld from the public and we are not of the opinion that the institu- 
tions affected will be able to reinstate themselves in the good graces of the Cuban 
business men in any short time. President Merchant of the Banco Nacional de Cuba 
has resigned his position and Sr. Porfirio Franca has been appointed to this important 
place, Sr. Porfirio Franca was formerly one of the Managing Directors of the National 
City Bank of New York in Havana and is a very capable and well-known banker in 
Havana. Much success should crown his efforts as his sterling character and splendid 
ability will mean much to the Banco Nacional de Cuba. 


INCREASE IN CUBAN RAILROAD TARIFF BEING VIGOROUSLY COMBATTED: 
The recent increase in freight rates granted by the Railroad Commission of Cuba 
and of which we made mention in our last two letters has brought forth strenuous 
protest from all parts of the Island. It has been less than two years since the 20 
per cent. increase in freight rates was permitted the railroads in Cuba and with the 
additional increase which was recently granted, it would seem that the public is to 
be compelled to stand almost prohibitive prices for all commodities at interior points 
of the Island. One company alleges in a letter of protest to the Government that 
while a year ago a shipment of oil from Havana to Cienfuegos paid freight charges 
of $56.63, now the same shipment would pay $128.41, which advance in freight will. 
have to come out of the ultimate consumer of this oil, thus making the price to him 
very high. Under the new tariff commodities have been increased as much as 125 
per cent. and from the attitude of the Cuban populace it would seem that the law per- 
mitting these increases is to be stubbornly contested. While it is true that the cost of 
operating and maintaining the railroads in Cuba has increased, the consensus of opinion 
is that these newly published freight rates cannot be permitted to be assessed. 


A rather distressing condition of affairs exists in Cuba at this time in that the 
United Railways of Havana from Havana to Santa Clara and the Cuba Company 
(formerls called the Cuba Railroad Company) from Santa Clara to Santiago, have 
discontinued the exchange of equipment. We understand it is now necessary for 
shipments en route from Havana destined to Santiago to be discharged at Santa 
Clara and reloaded for the trip from Santa Clara to points on the Cuba Company. 
The United Railways of Havana recently had an expert from the United States in 
Cuba devising ways and means for expediting the handling of their rolling stock and 
it is certainly to be hoped that the recommendations of this capable railroad official 
will be carried out and the situation here relieved. 


NEW HIGH RECORD FOR IMMIGRANTS TO CUBA: During the year 1920, 101,798 
immigrants arrived at the Port of Havana. This is the largest number entering Cuba 
as immigrants in the history of the Republic. Of this number 83,182 were Spaniards, 
13,046 Chinese, and 5,822 Jamaicans, The balance was distributed among Haitians, © 
Italians, North Americans, etc. The Island at present has a large floating labor 
population and, with the present low prices maintaining for sugar, conditions are 
bad and immigration to Cuba has been somewhat discouraged, since it is felt by ~ 
Government officials that the Island cannot support many more of this class of labor. 
Therefore. it has been concluded that the year 1921 will see a falling off in the number 
of immigrants arriving in Cuba and especially will the Jamaican and Haitian immi- 
gration be discouraged since this class of labor does not absorb well into the country 
and they are more likely to become public charges than the Spanish immigrants or 
those from other countries. 


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GOVERNMENT SENDS EMISSARIES TO PRESIDENT-ELECT HARDING'S INAUGURA- 
TION: President Menocal has designated the Minister of Cuba in Argentina, Sr. Calde- 
ron; the Minister of Cuba in the United States, Sr. de Cespedes, and the Cuban 
Secretary-of War and Navy, General Marti, to represent the Government of Cuba at 
the inauguration of Warren G. Harding as President of the United States. Due to 
their pressing duties in Cuba, neither Sr. Desvernine, Secretary of State, nor Sr. 
Hernandez, Secretary of the Interior, could serve on this commission. 


FIRES IN CANE FIELDS: ‘There have been numerous fires in the sugar cane fields 
throughout the Island. Among the most recent ones were “El Crisol” Colony, which 
grinds for two large centrals, “Jatibonico” and ‘‘Algodones.” The losses were at 
first estimated at about 8,000,000 arrobas, while later reports are to the effect that 
only 4,000,000 arrobas cane were burnt. 


NEW SAND COMPANY ORGANIZED: A company, at the head of which are Sr. 
Gustavo Gutierrez and Sr. Eliseo Cartaya, has recently been organized under the name 
of Compafiia Arenera Nacional (National Sand Company) with a capital of $100,000.00. 


RETAIL PRICE OF FISH CONTINUES HIGH: Considerable complaint is being 
heard on account of the high retail prices being charged by dealers in Havana for 
fish of all kinds. It is stated that while at first it was thought that this was primarily 
due to the high prices demanded by the fishing companies, such is not now the case. 
The fishing companies allege that they sell their product to the dealers and fish stands 
at 17 cents per pound, while the cost to themselves is 15 cents per pound. This leaves 
them only a small margin of profit. particularly when it is considered that large 

uantities of fish are daily thrown out on account of lack of adequate space on the 

fishing boats. The dealers instead of lowering their prices to the public continue 
to charge 30, 40 and even 50 cents per pound. It is claimed that a certain inferior 
kind of fish which is being brought over in large quantities from Key West, where 
it retails at 5 cents per pound, is sold in Havana at 20 cents per pound. 


CARNIVAL SEASON: The yearly Carnival, which has always proven so interesting” 
to American tourists to Cuba and which extends through the Lenten season, is in. 
full force and seems to be gayer this year than for some years past. Many beautifully 
decorated floats filled with merry-makers filed through the principal streets and. 
Havana has been given over to days and evenings of frolic and fun for the past three- 
weeks. As is the usual custom, a Queen of the Carnival, together with her Maids: 
of Honor, were chosen from among the Cuban working girls and her Majesty has 
been feted and banqueted in royal fashion. 


GRITO DE BAIRE CELEBRATED: The annual National holiday set aside for cele- 
brating the “Grito de Baire,” which marks the beginning of the last war waged by 
Cuba for her independence from Spain, was celebrated on February 24th throughout 
the Island. Patriotic meetings were held and the day was made a gala day at 
Oriental Park, where horse racing is maintained during the winter and spring season. 
The “Grito de Baire” is one of the Cuban holidays similar to the Fourth of July in 
the United States and means much to the Cuban people since it marks the beginning 
of the last effort, which was successful, in gaining their freedom from the Government 
of Spain. 


WINTER TOURISTS: The mild winter experienced in the North this year has had 
its effect in Cuba and we are constrained te believe that the number of tourists visiting 
the Island this year is somewhat less than last year, although the hotels are well 
filled at this time. Many tourists this year have availed themselves of the tourist 
agencies in the United States, which bring to Havana personally conducted tours 
fouching at other points in the West Indies, and we have noticed a decided increase 


18 THE CUBA REVIEW 


in the number of these parties arriving in Havana. During the war these personally 
conducted tours were suspended and they are just beginning to again become popular 
with American tourists. 


FRENCH BATTLESHIP ENTERS HAVANA: The French battle cruiser “Jeanne 
d’Are”’ entered the Bay of Havana on Saturday, February 19th, and was accorded 
a very hearty welcome by the Cuban populace as well as by the American battleship 
“Minnesota,” which is still in the harbor. The French Minister to Cuba gave the 
officers of the French cruiser a splendid banquet at the Hotel Sevilla. The “Jeanne 
d’Are” sailed on February 25th after six days of sumptuous entertainment, 


CUBAN SHIPS AT HAMBURG: The information reaches Havana that three steam- 
ers owned by the Cuban Government and operated by a recently formed Cuban 
steamship company, which are now in the Port of Hamburg, Germany, are experiencing 
dire trouble on account of difficulties in securing cargoes for return movement and 
trouble with their crews. Funds seem to be wanting for the payment of salaries to 
officers and crews of these vessels and from reports it would appear that these ships 
will not be able to continue in the service of this new company. 


HARBOR LABORERS THREATEN STRIKE: Jith a view to pressing their claims 
for higher wages, the laborers owing allegiance to the Federation of Harbor Workmen 
recently visited the Secretary of Government, Col. Charles Hernandez, and laid 
before him their side of the story. Although it was deemed that the wages paid to 
laborers were coming down, it would seem that a determined effort is to be made to 
at least maintain present wages if not increase them somewhat. It must be admitted 
that the cost of living in Havana has not been lowered to any noticeable degree, but 
reductions in prices are looked for from day to day. 


SCHOONER ENTERS HAVANA IN DISTRESS: The four-masted schooner “Cecilie 
M. Dunland,” carrying a cargo of coal from Savannah, Ga., was towed into Havana 
Harbor on February 18th, having called for assistance after experiencing a severe 
gale off the Florida coast. The rigging of this vessel was lost in the gale and it was 
only with difficulty that the tug sent to her assistance was able to rescue and bring 
her to a safe berth in Havana. 


PORT OF HAVANA CONGESTION RELIEVED: In striking contrast to conditions _ 


which maintained only a few months ago, the Port of Havana looks practically empty 
as compared with its record for the past year. Col. Despaigne, acting on a special 
appointment from President Menocal to clear the docks and Bay of Havana, has done 
such splendid work that it is hard to realize that only a few months ago the Port 
of Havana was shunned on account of the congestion maintaining there. Where an 
average of from 85 to 100 vessels were always lying in the bay either awaiting dis- 
charge or in process of discharge, there are now less than thirty vessels, most of 
which are lying in port awaiting orders or just finishing their discharge. We believe 
that shippers will be gratified to know that it is now safe for them to resume shipment 
to Cuba as the General Wharves of the Cuban Government have been cleared and 
privately-owned wharves are also getting in proper shape. 


PAYMENT OF OBLIGATIONS INCURRED ment in full may be demanded on March 
DURING CUBAN MORATORIUM 15, the date of expiration. It is believed, 
Payments of obligations incurred dur- therefore, that creditor institutions should 
ing the moratorium in Cuba may be de- +*extend the period of payment and be 


manded on the date of expiration at the lenient in their collections so that debtors” 


full face value. For instance, in the case in difficulty may not be required to meet 
of an obligation incurred November 15, their obligations until conditions are re- 
1920, to become due March 15, 1921, pay- lieved. 


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CUBAN SUGAR INDUSTRY—ITS IMMEDIATE PAST, 
ITS PRESENT AND FUTURE 


By H. O. Neville 


We do not believe that in any other country of the world does the success, or 
failure in either producing or profitably marketing one crop have so serious an 
effect as does that accompanying these operations in the sugar crop in Cuba, Indus- 
trially, Cuba is beyond doubt a country in which all its eggs are in two baskets, and 
with the restrictions being imposed upon the tobacco industry daily becoming more 
and more onerous, tending toward complete stagnation in the production of the finer 
grades of cigars that have always constituted such a large percentage of the exporta- 
tion of the finished product from Cuba, every indication points towards the elimination 
of one of these baskets, reducing to the other and the results secured therefrom the 
determination of the degree of prosperity that the Island will enjoy, It will therefore 
not he without interest to glance over the position of this industry as affected by 
the conditions prevailing in the immediate past and at present ruling throughout the 
world. 

Everyone having even the most superficial connection with the world’s sugar 
industry during the past three or four years will have some knowledge of the place 
that sugar has enjoyed during the war, and of the importance that has been given 
{it as a condensed food, capable of sustaining courage during crucial periods, and 
demanded by the soldiers at the front. Ile will know of the restrictions imposed 
in its consumption upon the civilian population of nearly all nations in order that 
the smaller supply available, due to smaller production, might be sufficient to fill 
the absolute requirements of the soldiers, and yet leave a moderate quantity with 
which to fill the home demands. He will remember the two years of control by the 
United States Equalization Board, during which period Cuba sold her crop at the 
uniform price of 4.60¢ per Ib. in 1917-1918 and 5.50c per lb. in 1918-1919, and the 
profits of refiners were limited to fixed figures, so that the cost of sugar to the ultimate 
consumer was held within very reasonable bounds. But still more deeply engraved 
in his memory will be the period after war control ceased, during which, following 
a period of guessing and of sales based upon the opinion of many closely connected 
with the Cuban industry, at figures around 6.50¢ per 1lb., and spurred onward by the 
ever smaller estimates of the total possible production of the 1919-1920 Cuban crop, 
the market broke away from all control, advancing by leaps and bounds to formerly 
unheard of prices for Cuban raws, resulting likewise in extreme costs of refined for 
consumption, until a high for the former was established at about 23%c¢, and for 
the latter of whatever the small grocer cared to ask and could get. Very prob- 
ably there are unpleasant memories among the children of the North regarding 
this period, during which mother’s sugar supply was extremely low and what she 
had of it was cherished as never before in the youngsters’ memories. 

Much has been written concerning the causes of these extremely high prices, 
and much adverse comment has resulted regarding the attempt of the Cuban pro- 
ducers to hold the world up and demand whatever they could get for their product, 
regardless of the cost to them of its production and of the great profits that were 
being derived. We cannot refrain from commenting on the criticisms that were 
made of the rapacity shown by these producers and of the attempt to lay at their 
doors the blame for the high cost of this daily necessity to the Northern consumer 
and the loss suffered later by all holders who had purchased at the high prices 
prevailing during a considerable period of the spring and early summer of 1920. ; 

We do not believe that the Cuban producer is to blame, nor do we believe that 
even the Cuban speculators who attempted to hold about 10 per cent. of the crop 


ws 


TE Bie C Wes At hei eV es HE Wi 21 


for prices that would result in a profit to them can be blamed for their position. 
All connected with the sugar trade will remember that during the fall of 1919 and 
the winter months of 1919-1920, exportations from the United States to the whole 
world were very heavy. Doubtless contracts for forward delivery of very large 
quantities of merchandise were also held by the producers of practically every class 
of merchandise, among these being those whose product demanded sugar in its manu- 
facture. It was also well known to all sugar consumers at that time that the statistics 
covering sugar production in the world showed that given anything like normal dis: 
tribution and consumption, as indicated by past figures, the total crop would in all 
probability not be sufficient to supply the demand. This conclusion was reached after 
the preliminary estimate of the prospective Cuban crop was given out in December 
by the statisticians of the Island, showing a possible record production of some 
4,500,000 tons. Under these conditions, faced by heavy demands for products 
containing sugar and consequent needs of a reliable supply, it is only natural that 
the manufacturers of such goods in the United States should watch with extreme 
interest every turn in the sugar situation. The possibility of a sugar scarcity doubt- 
less also reached the private consumer, and this vast army was watching events, and 
knew that any change in the total possible crop would have its effect upon the cost 
to him of the sugar that he would require. 

All know of the large sales that were made for forward delivery by Cuban 
producers in the late summer of 1919 at prices around 6.50c per Ib. Doubtless these 
sales were made by men cognizant of the general sugar situation, and founded upon 
the belief that normal development of the crop in Cuba would continue. That the 
entire summer and fall in Cuba should pass with only a very sub-normal rainfall 
could not be predicted, and it was the natural belief at the time these sales were 
consummated that the splendid development of the fields shown in early August 
would continue, and that, therefore, a huge crop would result. That this same 
belief entered into the calculation of the estimates of the possible crop, and were 
justified by the appearance of the fields, is also evident, but here again the drawing 
out throughout the entire winter of the extremely dry weather that had made possible 
the beginning of the crop as early as November 15th was not considered probable. 
The world at large, therefore, counted upon a production from Cuba of a quantity 
of sugar about that given out by her statisticians, and so was on the watch, but quiet. 


3 It was not long after the commencement of the harvest, however, that the actual 
conditions in the fields began to be known among those closest in touch with the 
situation. Especially from Oriente Province did early tales come of the great shortage — 
of cane and the low per acre yields. Such reports soon spread to include Camagiiey, 
and later to many plantations in Santa Clara Province. These reports undoubtedly 
had their effect, resulting in the purchase of sugars at continually higher prices 
till over 10c per lb. was reached for December delivery and over 12c for January. 
Later on demand became less and prices dropped in sympathy till during February 
Sugar could be had at slightly more than 9c per 1b. to again reach 12¢ and over during 
March. Then the bomb burst. Revised estimates of the probable crop were given 
out, showing a possible lowering of the supply available from Cuba by over 500,000 
tons, and doubtless confirming in the opinions of sugar consumers the belief that 
had formerly been only a thought, that prompt purchase of as large a quantity as 
possible was the only method of ensuring a supply such as would satisfy what they 
considered to be their requirements. A further revision of estimated production, 
lowering it by almost another quarter million tons, was made in May, with a further 
acceleration of the upward race in prices, resulting in the sale of one lot of sugar 
for delivery in New Orleans at 2314¢ per lb., a. price which we believe to represent 
the high of this remarkable year. 

But the point that we wish to bring out is that the ever upward trend in prices 
was produced through the competition among themselves by the Northern manu- 


22 ESR OM SRVAS? EON, Lee 


ee 


facturers of products requiring sugar in their composition, and through the manner 
in which negotiations for sugar were carried on, From every quarter of the United 
States appeals were made not only to recognized sugar factors here in Cuba, but 
also to every one whose tame as a resident of Cuba had become known in the United 
States, to secure the appealing parties the supply of sugar that they required, In 
very many cases no price was specified, so that the supplies were purchased at the 
market price prevailing at the time; but in many other cases, perhaps the great 
majority, haggling was indulged in, neither buyer nor seller being willing to make 
straight offer, with the result that many orders for purchase were finally closed at 
prices two and three cents above the figures prevailing when the negotiations began— 
for it was a seller's market, pure and simple. Under these conditions no one can 
attach the slightest blame to any one else who, knowing that there exists an active 
demand for his product, asks therefor a price slightly above that prevailing at the 
time, taking the position that if not accepted by the first comer, it would be by the 
next. 

Thus matters continued till late in May when sugar had reached the high of 
°2iee e & f. New Orleans. About this time, doubtless, consumption had begun to 
decrease in the North among the households whose members refused to pay the prices 
ruling for refined, and it is also probable that the shadow of the great decrease in 
exportation of food products of all kinds had cast itself across the commercial horizon, 
so that greater caution began to rule. Later events proved also that heavy purchases 
of foreign sugars, which in normal times found a market in other lands, had been 
made for future delivery in the United States. The result was that beginning in 
late May prices began to sag, and that after June a downward tendency set in that 
found no stopping point until a level somewhat lower than that now prevailing was 
renched. It was during the early days of this period that the holders of sugar in 
Cuba, many of whom had actually made heavy purchases of this product at prices 
ranging around 20c¢, and others of whom had found themselves with their latest 
production on hand, for about half of which they had paid their cane producers at 
the high average prices prevailing in late May and June, banded themselves together 
and chose the members of the “Sugar Sales Committee,” and came out with the 
statement that their sugars would he held till the price secured therefor was such as 
to leave them a nominal profit in the transaction. All the sugar left in Cuba at that 
time represented only a small per cent., about ten at the outside, of the total crop, 
and only a part of this was ever identified with that held by the Sugar Sales Com- 
mittee, but in the opinion of the sugar world of the North, all was classed under the 
same head. Quite a number of individual holders of crop remnants, some quite large, 
offered their sugar at less than market quotations as the price came down, without 
finding takers. The damage had been done. The scarcity in the United States that 
had heen heralded by every one, even the statistical heads of departments of the 
Government, had been transformed by purchases of other outside sugars, by a limita- 
tion of consumption by the general public, and by the tremendous decrease of demand 
from abroad for goods containing sugar, into an actual surplus, evidence of which 
became greater and greater as time passed, with the result that holders of heayy 
supplies of sugar began to get out from under, offering their sugars at ever decreasing 
prices and taking their losses as opportunity offered, so that at no time was a recovery 
possible. Actual losses by Northern holders who could sell, and paper losses by 
holders in all countries who found it impossible to dispose of their product, were 
piled up, embarrassing both holders and their bankers and producing a condition of 
financial stringency that has left its impress on all sugar producing countries, and ~ 
from which time alone will bring about a cure. 


To the onlooker, the effects of these conditions f1-Cuba has been very interesting. 
During the years of United States Government control of prices of sugar, the sales 
effected at the prices fixed for our preduct left good or medium profit depending on 


SN WML Te) OOF 1s AL IR 1B) WAL 1, NY 23 


the efficiency of the organization of the producing company or the farm where the 
cane was grown. Higher costs, of course, ruled, due to the greater prices that had 
to be paid for everything utilized in cane growing and sugar making; yet during 
the most of these two years higher sugar prices preceded higher cost of production, 
so that good profits were the rule. Enthusiasm, therefore, prevailed, and continued 
increase in area planted and the establishment of new mills and improvement of 
installation of those already in operation were general. The results are seen in the 
ever greater crops produced since the outbreak of the war, interrupted only by causes, 
such as the drought of 1919, impossible of control by man. This enthusiasm not only 
was demonstrated in the sugar industry, but in all other lines. Land values began 
to advance, suburban additions of great extent and involving heavy preparatory 
expenses were opened up on all sides near all our large towns and cities, building 
in both country districts and in towns was the rule, merchants were open to the 
agents of manufacturers of every kind of merchandise that could possibly be marketed 
among a people with whom money was plentiful, and credit was free and given to all. 
With the closing of the period of Government control of sugar prices, some slight 
hesitation was shown, but with the declaration of the 10.5¢ per lb. price at which the 
sugar of the cane producers was liquidated for December, 1919, confidence returned, 
and with the ever increasing prices of sugar during the spring of 1920, a period of 
riotous spending and speculation in everything that could cater to the pleasure or 
need of our people set in that seemed to have no limit. Every indication that these 
conditions had come to stay for at least a period of four or five years was in evidence, 
‘and it was freely predicted that during this period sugar would sell for at least 8 or 10 
eents per lb. This, of course, meant that in Cuba anything connected with sugar 
production could leave nothing but profit, so that the price of sugar properties, whether 
mills or cane farms, soared to the skies. Transactions in properties of this nature 
were everyday affairs, and the sums represented were in many cases fabulous. Ten, 
twelve, and even fifteen thousand dollars were paid per caballeria (about 33 1/3 acres) 
for merely planted cane, the land not being included in the transaction; and equiva- 
lently high prices were paid for mills. The significance of this will be recognized 
when it is knewn that the cost of preparing, planting, and cultivation to harvest a 
caballeria of cane in 1914 in the eastern provinces of Cuba was estimated to be about 
$1,200.00, and that even with the tremendously increased costs of all operations 
connected with cane planting and cultivation during 1919, a conservative estimate 
of the expense involved was not more than $5,500.00 per caballeria. But the fever 
Was on, and increased in degree as the spring passed, and higher prices ruled for 
sugar. Those who in the early spring had sold their properties, tempted by the 
apparently high prices then offered in comparison with those ever offered before, 
came back info the game and purchased much larger properties than those disposed 
of by them and at higher prices than these obtained when they had scld. In this 
they were abetted by the banks, who seemed to have lost their sense of perspective 
and offered freely credit for such transactions as in a more sane period would have 
been turned down in a moment. Yet at the same time these same institutions, through 
their higher officials, were advising those of their clients who consulted with them 
regarding the advisability of accepting tempting offers, to accept them and close 
the deal without delay. We thus find that solid substantial companies like Punta 
Alegre disposed of their cane farms (the cane stubble, not the land upon which it was 
growing), preferring to take advantage of the high offers made and to buy the cane 
from the grower at the percentage prevailing in the property, rather than continue 
growing the cane for their own account. And the wonder of the whole thing is that 
some of these same cane farms were purchased by the owners of mills who had made 
a killing during the crop, and who, in the acquiescence of these companies to part 
with their holdings, should have sensed something that should have deterred them 
from entering in where wiser and more experienced heads were ready to get out. 


~ 


24 TE OD BE -A Bab vole Ww 


In the same way in the urban real estate line, houses and land changed hands at ever 
increasing prices, as high as $100.00 per square meter having been paid for raw 
residence property in Havana’s favorite residence district, the Vedado. One real 
estate subdivision, located some six miles from the City of Havana, opened up only 
in map form, and in which no improvements had as yet been made, was sold complete 
in a week, at the opening price of $6.00 per meter. It goes without saying that a very 
large percentage of the lots thus disposed of will be turned back to the sellers, and 
that the purchasers will lose the instalments paid in, while in many other transac- 
tions in which numerous instalments have been paid, adjustments will have to be 
made, 

Reference has already been made to the freedom with which our merchants placed 
orders for merchandise of every description. This has undoubtedly been one of the 
principal causes of the financial events which have since happened. The prosperous 
condition of the country, the undoubtedly favorable future of itss principal industry, 
and the remarkable freedom with which credits were granted not only in Cuba but 
by foreign firms, had led to the formation of many small concerns here with limited 
capital. Notwithstanding the smallness of the capital of these firms, they had been 
able to place orders for merchandise to the value, in many instances, of many times 
their capital. Other firms of long standing and large resources had placed orders for 
very large quantities of goods, and under ordinary circumstances would have been 
able to take care of these orders without difficulty. The tremendous increase, how- 


ever, in imports into the Island without a corresponding increase in the port facilities | 


required for taking care of such an additional quantity of cargo, brought about port 
congestion in those of our ports where our general cargoes have in the past been 
mostly received, that is, in Havana, Santiago de Cuba and Cienfuegos. In addition 
to this port congestion, the transportation difficulties of the North, in fact of nearly 
all countries exporting to Cuba, are well remembered, so that frequently shipment of 
merchandise would be very much delayed. This resulted in a considerable number 
of cases in further orders for goods of the same nature being placed with firms whose 
representatives stated positively that they could secure immediate shipment from the 
North. Instances have come to the writer’s knowledge, in which a third order for 
the same goods had been placed without the cancellation of the two previous orders, 
and it so resulted that when transportation could be secured for the third order, the 
same was possible for the first and second, so that the merchant found himself in 
the embarrassing situation of receiving simultaneously three orders of practically the 
same character. Undoubtedly also advantage was taken by foreign shippers to send 
to Cuba in fulfillment of orders very large quantities of merchandise which had not 
been sent previously due to the possibility of sale to others at higher prices than 
those mentioned in contracts with the Cuban merchants. Then the period came when 
the drop in the price of merchandise of practically every character began in the North, 
with no immediate prospect of recovery, so that doubtless they thought that it would 
be better to ship the goods to Cuba and trust to their being received by our merchants, 
notwithstanding the difference between contract price and market price at the date 
of shipment, rather than for the shippers themselves to risk carrying the goods for 
their own account. Our merchants in many eases received without a murmur the 
goods thus shipped, but the losses represented by the difference between market price 
and contract price finally became so great that trouble began. The failure on the 
part of our merchants to receive and take out from the customs warehouse these 
goods increased the normal congestion due to the unusually heavy shipments, with 
the result that millions of dollars were tied up in the fixed assets represented by 
this merchandise. 


There is no doubt whatever that certain of our financial institutions had made 
heavy loans on sugar, based upon prices in instances as high as 15e per lb. The rapid 
drop in price after the break in May soon left these sugars at the mercy of the bank- 


We Jet 1d Ol Ws 1 AL TR VV IE 8) WY 25 


ers, but in most cases they seemed to be of the same opinion as the sugar holders, 
that is, that the lowering prices were merely the result of a temporary weakness and 
recovery would soon be seen. That they were all mistaken has since become evident. 

Thus had been laid the groundwork for a period of extreme financial embarrass- 
ment beginning last October. Growing difficulty in securing credit and higher money 
rates contributed toward the feeling that all was not well with our banking institu-_ 
tions. Little by little this feeling became extended and strengthened, until in the 
week beginning October 3rd, when, especially during the latter part of the week, 
runs were commenced on the local banks, that is, the Spanish Bank of the Island of 
Cuba, the National Bank of Cuba and the International Bank, these runs developed 
full strength on Saturday morning, October 8th. Luckily for the banks Saturday was 
only a half day, so that funds were disbursed only during the morning hours, but 
during this period very large sums had been distributed to depositors. Saturday 
afternoon and Sunday conferences were held between the principal bankers of the 
city, President Menocal and other Government officials, and the decision was reached 
to declare a moratorium to be effective till November ist, by the terms of which 
the payment of all mercantile debts contracted previous to October 10th or that would 
fall due before November 1st would not be enforceable till this date. Congress should 
have opened its sessions on November ist, but due to political dissension this did 
not take place during the entire month of November, resulting in a further extension 
of the moratorium to January ist, President Menocal stating toward the end of 
December that if Congress did not meet before January ist, no further extension 
of the moratorium would be decreed. This woke the legislative bodies up, with the 
result that the House of Representatives held its first session on December 30th, 
petitioning President Menocal, through a committee appointed for that purpose, to 
grant a further extension of the moratorium, thus giving Congress time to act. This 
resulted in a further extension till January 31st. During this interval the Torriente 
Law was passed, by which the payment of debts to the banks by debtors thereof must 
be made according to a schedule granting 105 days from January 31st, in which the 
complete debt must be settled, and granting the banks 135 days from January 31st 
it which to settle the accounts due by them to their creditors. The schedule of pay- 
ment by the banks’ debtors is as follows: 15% within fifteen days after January 
olst, 25% within the next thirty days, 25% within the next thirty days, and 30% within 
the next thirty days. Failure to pay any one of these installments or to have paid the 
full amount within the period of 105 days mentioned gives the creditor the privilege 
te enforce the payment by law. The schedule of payments by the banks to their 
creditors is as follows: 15% after the first fifteen days, 15% after the next thirty 
days, 20% after the next thirty days, 25% after the next thirty days, and 25% at the 
end of the next thirty days. The failure by a bank to pay any one of these install- 
ments gives the bank’s creditors the privilege of proceeding according to law. 

During this period in which the enforcement of the payment of debts was prac- 
tically impossible, financial quiet, of course, prevailed. Yet under the surface much 
true liquidation was going on. Many of our retailers paid up in part their debts to 
wholesalers, who in turn applied these funds on the payment of debts to the banks, 
which in turn used the funds thus secured to give amounts to their most needy de- 
positors exceeding the 10% of funds on current deposit as of October 9th, and the 12% 
of savings deposits, payment of which was required by the original moratorium decree. 
Also, at least one of our local banks began to reduce its branches and its staff, and 
commenced a propaganda among those who had been favored by it in an endeavor 
to secure such co-operation from them as would enable the bank to continue in 
operation. After the passage of the Torriente Law, both the Spanish Bank of Cuba 
and the National Bank of Cuba proposed plans by which their creditors should accept, 
in lieu of the amounts the bank owed them, certificates of deposit or bonds drawing 
interest at the rate of 5% and 6% respectively, the former due one year from March 
1st and the latter subject to call. 


26 TH Bo CUB A REA OW 


The measures thus taken have enabled Cuba to pass through the financial strain- 
with very few serious failures. There is no doubt whatever that before the final | 
payments become due by our merchants, either heavy failures w ill occur or else these. y 
firms will have to be assisted by others financially more powerful, but at all events © 
up to the present time results have been secured that we believe could have been — 
brought about in no other way. Collections have gradually been made, and as the 
demand for sugar becomes more active, it is felt that the financial strain will ne 


removed. r 

This brings us to a consideration of conditions in our sugar industry in relation 
to the present crop. Every one connected with this industry knows the hesitation ont { 
the part of foreign sugar purchasers to enter the market and make purchases of any 
considerable quantity of sugar. This has resulted in the exportations of sugars of 7 
this crop being little more than half in volume of those to the same date of the crop = 
of last year. It has, of course, greatly aggravated the scarcity ef funds with which | 
to make the crop, and as a result has led our planters to offer in the past their 
sugars upon the market practically as fast as they have been produced, thus bringing 
about a selling competition between producers. This, of course, could have only one — 
result, that is, that of a continual lowering of prices, until these have reached a point: fi 
much below the cost of production. The outlook has become so serious that the large — 
sugar interests of the Island presented a petition to President Menocal asking that — 
he in some, way intervene, with the result that the decree was issued by which a _ 
conmittee called the Sugar Finance Committee was appointed, consisting of two | 
hacendados representing large sugar producers, two others representing the smaller _ 
producers, two of Tavana’s most important bankers, and the Secretary of Agriculture, — 
Commerce and Labor, through which and only through which future sales of the © 
sugars of this crop can be effected, and without permission from which no sugar of | 
this crop can be exported. This decree would not go into effect until after sugar _ 
mills which last year had produced 75% of the total crop of the Island had indicated — 
their willingness to abide by its terms. The allegiance of a_ sufficient number of — 
mills was not secured until a week ago today, so that it was not possible for Secretary 
of Agriculture General Agramonte to announce that the decree was in operation until — 
last Tuesday, the 22nd, at which time mills which last year had produced 21,160,826 — 
bags had expressed their conformity with the terms of the decree and their willing: 
ness to abide by them. 

The effect of the decree was instantaneous. Immediately preceding its publica-_ 
tion, sugar had been sold as low, we believe, as 35ge per lb. c. & f. New York, but — 
immediately after its publication the market became firmer and the price rose until 
sales were made as high as 4%ec, after which the market has apparently become 
stable at 4%,¢. Sales of a considerable volume of sugar have been reported to Japan — 
at 4.6c f. 0. b. Cuba, with further sales to Northern interests at 4%c¢c « & f. New 
York. The greatest change, however, brought about has been that the Northern 
refiners, instead of continuing their former attitude of waiting in order to give 6 r 
producers an opportunity to further bid down the market against themselves, have 
begun purchasing for future requirements, the sales effected during the last two | 
weeks having been, we believe, fully as great. if not much greater, than during the 
entire preceding month. The decree has been issued without the slightest idea of” 
fixing any given price, but merely for the purpose of preventing the competition 
among sellers which would have resulted so disastrously. It is the purpose of the 
committee to offer Cuba’s sugar gradually as the markets can take it, at a price On 
a parity with that being obtained in these markets for sugars of other countri 
or even at a price at a shade below, thus preventing a repetition of what occurre 


United States through the determined holding on the part of Cuba of her unso 
remnant of the crop at prices which were ridiculous. 


MESES NOW AS re Violen Wi 27 


Just what the total crop will be we believe it impossible to predict. The fine 
growing weather of last spring was followed by a summer somewhat dry, to be 
succeeded by a wet fall with very heavy rains in late November and even through 
December. The result has been a heavy tonnage of cane in the fields, but a retarded 
ripening that is causing the sugar yields in our mills to be considerably below normal. 
Very few of our mills at this writing are getting as high as 11% rendiment, while 
usually at this time of the year a percentage considerably above this is being secured. 
The financial difficulties, the late arrival of machinery and interruptions in its 
installation, with the heayy rains of the fall, brought about a late commencement 
of the harvest which very probably cannot be overcome. ‘There is doubtless cane 
in the fields in Cuba, notwithstanding the abandoning of many thousands of acres 
due to lack of funds with which to care for them, sufficient to make well over 4,000,000 
tons of sugar under normal extraction conditions, but with the late commencement 
of the harvest, the low sugar yields being obtained, and other difficulties, we believe 
that if the total crop reaches 3,500,000 tons it will be all that can be expected. We 
have all the conditions necessary for the making of Cuba’s record crop: mill capacity, 
quantity of cane in the fields, transportation facilities, labor tranquillity, good har- 
vesting weather and a reasonable supply of labor, but against these have been the 
late start of grinding, the unripened condition of the cane, and the consequent low 
sugar yield in our mills. 

With regard to the future of our industry, we cannot but be optimistic. Many 
of those who began cane growing or became identified with sugar production during 
last spring and early summer will have to retire through lack of financial means of 
fulfilling the obligations entered into, but their places will be taken by others coming 
in on lower levels, and who will, therefore, not be required to bring to the business 
such great financial strength. There have during the past few years been opened 
large bodies of virgin soil, especially in the two eastern provinces, and these will 
continue to produce cane at a comparatively cheap price for a long time to come. 
The average cost of production will undoubtedly become less as the cost of living 
and that of articles required in the production of cane and sugar recedes. Doubtless 
as time passes, the price of our product will also lower to become more like that 
prevailing before the war, but we believe that the lowering of costs will compensate 
lowering of selling price, so that we will be in a position to compete quite favorably 
with other cane producing countries and with the best producing countries of Europe, 
which formerly were our strongest competitors. Doubtless also the world’s purchasing 
power will gradually improve as normal conditions become restored, so that the 
quantity of sugar consumed will resume the gradual upward trend so plainly indicated 
before the war. There is, therefore, we believe, no reason for fear with regard to 
the future of this, Cuba’s greatest industry, though a trying period is doubtless before 
many of those who entered it during the period of inflation through which we have 
just come and from which we are just beginning to recover. 


GUANTANAMO SUGAR COMPANY CUBA CANE SUGAR CORPORATION 
The Board of Directors has declared a > 
dividend of fifty cents (50c) per share on Preferred Stock Dividend. 
the no par value stock of the Company 
for the quarter ending March 31, 1921, A quarterly dividend of $1.75 per share 


payable April 1, 1921, to stockholders of has been declared upon the Preferred 
record at the close of business March 25, Stock of this Corporation, payable April 
1921. The transfer books will not be 1st, 1921, to stockholders of record at the 
closed. close of business March 15th, 1921. 


28 THE CUBA BEV IDW. 


THE PREVAILING PRICES FOR CUBAN SECURITIES 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York, 


Bid Asked 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944.................%. 79 80 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949................44. 70 5 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 442% Bonds of 1949................. 66 68 
Havana City Hirst, Mortgage 6% Bonds. 2... ccsiees ese s cash vawwes 85 95 
Havana City Second Mortgage 6% Bonds. .2...2)...vesccwerceccoseese 85 95 
Gaha Zallroad Preferred Stock io. os. cecsc anes adse nas +o vewwe ene onen 40 55 
Ouba Railroad Co. First Mortgage 5% Bonds of 1952..............00. 65 70 
Guba ‘Company 6% Debenture Bonds. . 0.00.50 edees ee ccse esac btceey 70 80 
Cuba Company 7% Cumulative Preferred Stock...................... 70 80 
Havana Electric Ry. Co. Consolidated Mortgage 5% Bonds............ 73 15 
Havana Electric Ry., Light & Power Co. Preferred Stock............. 80 90 
Havana Electric Ry., Light & Power Co. Common Stock.............. 70 80 
Guban-American’ Sugar: Co; Preferred iStock sci). 3/0 sade one e ee ercle aie — _ 
Gunntaname Sugar’ Coy Stocks «cf: cic.w visw lof ais isso sino ole ciclo stot lalcvesererctatersts - 125% 13 


IMPORTS AND EXPORTS 


Total values of merchandise imported from and exported to Cuba during June, 
July, August, September, October, November, December and January, compared with 
corresponding periods of the preceding years, have been made public by the Bureau of 
Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, as follows: 


Month of June Twelve Months Ended June 

1920 1919 1920 1919 
PMPs sero KOUNA< os kis Sis ooe $125,964,995 $38,513,887 $645,571,828 $337,654,142 
PIE HOLES SLO) .GUDN erst ns see eee 43,507,169 19 640.010 396,595,049 229,545,704 
Month of July Seven Months Ended July 

1920 1919 1920 1919 
Imports from Cuba..............$118,684,356 $38,404,320 $581,005,739 $273,764,138 
PEROLES SbOs COU er sco aorelsecoe at 35,189,584 15,290,837 278,493,581 140,391,007 
Month of Aug. Bight Months Ended Aug. 

1920 1919 1920 1919 
Fmpores from Cuba: <2. -62-e $73,242,368 $24,301,939 $654,248,107 $298,066,077 
EP POress to, /OUDAA sc. rac ceeonee 38,483,457 24,544,960 316,977,088 164,935,967 
Month of Sept. Nine Months Ended Sept. 

1920 1919 1920 1919 
Imports from Cuba.............. $28,481,189 $42,369,736 $682,729,296 $340,435,813 
Bsnerts to - CUDa.... «ions oe eet 44,035,213 22,273,715 361,016,251 187,209,682 
Month of October Ten Months Ended October 

1920 1919 1920 1919 
Imports from Cuba........$11,265,000 $34,874,826 $693,994,386 $375,310,639 
Meeperes to Cuba..........es 51,884,014 27,357,181 411,964,865 214,566,863 
Jlonth of November Eleven Months Ended November 

1920 1919 1920 1919 
Imports from Cuba.........$17,079,241 $27,495,440 $710,896,219 $402,806,079 
imoaerrs £0 Cuba............ 51,679,324 28,676,383 469,669,269 243,243,246 
Jlonth of December Twelwe Months Ended December 

1920 1919 1920 1919 
Imports from Cuba.........$10,799,686 $15,804,184 $721,695,905 $418,610,263 
fmeneris to Cuba............ 45,357,125 35,147,976 515,082,549 278,391,222 
Month of January Seven Months Ended January 

1921 1920 1921 1920 
Imports from Cuba.........$12,970,474 $45,421,493 $272,342,971 $228,671,938 
Heperiseto Ouba............ 46,405,339 30,222,646 319,112,291 183,513,698 


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40 THE CUBA REVIEW 


SUGAR REVIEW 


Specially written for The Cuba Review by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


The principal item of interest since our last review has been the announcement 
of the formation of a committee in Cuba to control the balance of the Cuban crop 
of 1920-21, 

In this connection a sub-committee has been formed in New York and offerings 
are being made to our refiners with sales of some 80,000 tons of sugar reported and 
having the effect of advancing the market to the basis of 4%c c, & f. 


Owing to the uncertainty in regard to our supplies on account of the above Cuban 
control, our refiners have been reluctant sellers of refined sugar and an advance has 
been established to the basis of 7.75¢ f. 0. b. refining centers for granulated with 
some refiners entirely out of the market at this writing. The Emergency Tariff Law 
now in the hands of President Wilson is also lending to the uncertainty and until 
the status of this bill is definitely settled same will continue. 


In the meanwhile, the crop in Cuba is making satisfactory progress with 186 — 
factories now grinding, although the visible production to date is over 400,000 tons 
behind last year, The following are the terms included in the law now in effect which 
supersedes the moratorium : 


Cuspan Moratortum.—The following are the terms included in the Moratorium 
Law recently passed in Cuba: 


Commercial Bank 
Obligations Payable Obligations Payable 
15% in 15 days 15% in 15 days 
25% in 45 days 15% in 45 days 
25% in 75 days 20% in 5 days 
35% in 105 days 25% in 105 days 

: 25% in 135 days 


With regard to the above mentioned Cuban control the following is said to be 
the form of contract covering sales and shipments of Cuban sugar under the proposed 
Commission plan issued New York, February 17, 1921: 

To THE SUGAR FINANCE COMMITTEE: 


The undersigned for and on behalf of (here insert name of Cuban producer— 


giving location of factory in Cuba) during season of 1919-1920 Made............. - bags 
of sugar and expects during season of 1920-1921 to Make............ bags of sugar, 


all of which will belong to the above companies, does hereby accept in the name of © 
the foregoing sugar companies, each and every one of the provisions of the decree 
No. 155 of February 11, 1921, and further does hereby agree to sell for the account 
of the foregoing sugar companies the entire production of the foregoing centrals for 
the 1920-1921 crop, less the amount already sold or covered by special written agree- 
ment of the character set forth in article fifth of the said decree as per schedule 
hereto annexed, through the sugar finance committee constituted in and by the afore- 
said decree, and does hereby authorize and empower the said sugar finance com- 
mittee to sell the same upon the following terms and conditions: 


1. The amount to be sold and shipped from time to time and the price thereof 
shall be such as said committee may decide in their sole and exclusive judgment and ~ 
discretion; but all sales made by the committee from the date of the operation of 
the said decree and all shipments shall be allotted amongst all the producers parties 
to this agreement, pro rata according to their production as estimated by the sugar 
finance committee, which estimate shall be subject to revision by such committee from 
time to time as the crop progresses and subject to final adjustment upon the com- 


TH CUB AW BV 1 EW 41 


pletion of the crop. Adjustments shall be made from time to time by the committee to 
ensure to each producer his pro rata share of shipments. 

2. Said committee is authorized to constitute a fund by retaining % of 1% 
of the invoice price of all sugars shipped to ports of the United States and Canada, 
from which the committee may pay any brokerage that it may deem necessary or 
desirable to pay to the United States or Canada in connection with any sugar sold 
by it; the balance of such a fund to be distributed to the parties interested on the 
final accounting. 


8. Said committee is also authorized to retain from the selling price % of 1% 
of the invoice price of all sugars shipped to ports other than the United States and 
Canada, to pay brokerage in connection with such sales. 


4, The committee is also authorized to retain 1c per bag on all sugars shipped 
out of Cuba to constitute a fund from which the committee may pay Cuban local 
brokers such brokerage as it may in its judgment deem advisable for their services 
as brokers in connection with the sale of sugars and the adjustment of the fortnightly 
and monthly average settlement prices and for similar services. 


5. Inasmuch as sales will be made from time to time at different prices, the 
following method of settlement will be followed: 


The committee shall from time to time fix and announce a basic price upon: 
which payments shall be made to the shipper on account of all shipments made by 
him. The shipper shall draw with shipping documents attached, on the buyers desig- 
nated by the committee for 95% of the basic price, the remaining 5% of said basic 
price to be paid by the buyer in cash to shipper upon final liquidation of each 
shipment. 

The difference between the inyoice price and basic price shall be collected by 
drafts drawn by the shipper against the buyer to the order of the sugar finance 
eommittee, such drafts shall be delivered to and collected by said sugar finance com- 
mittee, and out of such collections they shall pay all charges, brokerage fees, clerical 
hire and other similar expenses incurred by the committee (but not including any 
compensation to such committee) and the balance thereof should be distributed pro 
rata from time to time as rapidly as possible. 

6. If the said decree should be repealed or should for any reasons cease to be 
in effect, the sugar finance committee may at any time on two weeks’ published notice 
terminate this agreement. 


7. it is understood that the individual members of said sugar finance committee 
are acting herein as volunteers in a purely administrative capacity without compensa- 
tion and that, therefore, they shall not incur any personal liability, individually or 
collectively, in connection with the sale and shipment of sugars, nor be responsible for 
any damage of whatever kind connected with any matter or thing related thereto, 
nor be responsible or liable for any act, fault, or misconduct of any agent or person 
employed by them; and the sellers hereby release the individual members of said 
committee from any and all claims of whatever character for personal liability or 
responsibility as aforesaid. : 

For this purpose of carrying out the above-mentioned agreement on its behalf, 
the undersigned for and on behalf of the foregoing sugar companies does hereby 
MmrevOcably, appoimt and COMStitute:.5.....-..2--5-22sss+r sore ecur sess the agent and 
representative of the foregoing sugar companies, to act for and represent it in all 
transactions or dealings of every kind with the sugar finance committee in connection 
with the sale of its sugar production for the crop 1920-1921 and all shipments thereof 
and payments to be made therefor, with full power to execute any and all agreements, 
receipts and other documents with regard to the sale of its sugars and the shipment 
thereof and the payment therefor, as said agent may in its exclusive discretion deem 
proper, hereby ratifying and confirming all that its said agent may do in the premises. 


42 THE CUBA REVIEW 


It has been reported here recently that the Hawaiian sugar growers have made 
arrangements to divert about 150,000 tons of Hawaiian raw sugar, half to American 
and half to Howell, although original arrangements had been made to refine the 
entire crop on the Pacific Coast. 

We have this week received cable advices from the United Kingdom stating that 
it has been officially announced that control of all sugar will be abolished today, 
February 28th. However, arrangements have been made with the English refiners 
to take over the raw sugar owned by the Royal Commission from time to time at 
market price the day the sugar is accepted. 


New York, N. Y., February 28, 1921. 


REVISTA AZUCARERA 


Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


El asunto principal de interés desde nuestra Ultima revista ha sido el haberse 
formado un comité en Cuba para hacerse cargo del resto de la zafra de Cuba de 
1920-21, 

En conexi6én con esto se ha formado en Nueva York un subcomité, y se estan 
haciendo ofertas a nuestros refinadores, anunciandose ventas de unas 80,000 toneladas, 
dando por resultado el alza del mercado bajo la base de 4%4¢ costo y flete. 


Debido a la incertidumbre respecto a nuestras existencias a causa de haberse 
hecho cargo del azticar el comité cubano antedicho, nuestros refinadores no han estado 
muy dispuestos a efectuar ventas del azticar refinado, habiéndose establecido un alza 
en los precios del azticar granulado bajo la base de 7.75¢ libre a bordo los centros 
refinadores, con algunos refinadores enteramente fuera del mercado al escribir esta 
resenha. La Ley de Emergencia sobre la Tarifa, ahora en manos del Presidente Wilson, 
también esta conduciendo a la incertidumbre, y hasta que se haya arreglado definitiva- 
mente el estatuto de dicha Ley continuara la incertidumbre, 


Entretanto, la zafra de Cuba esté progresando satisfactoriamente, decicandose 
ahora a la molienda 186 fabricas, aunque,la producci6n visible hasta la fecha es de 


mas de 400,000 toneladas menos que el ano pasado. La siguiente tabla muestra las 
condiciones incluidas en la Ley ahora en efecto, la cual substituye al Moratorium: 
MORATORIUM CUBANO.—Las siguentes son las condiciones incluidas en la Ley del 


Moratorium recientemente pasado en Cuba: 


Obligaciones Comerciales 
a Pagar 


Obligiciones Bancarias 
a Pagar 


15% en 15 dias 15% en 15 dias 
25% en 45 dias 15% en 45 dias 
25% en 75 dias 20% en 75 dias 
9% en 105 dias 25% en 105 dias 

25% en 135 dias 


Respecto a lo que se ha dicho antes acerca del comité cubano, se dice que lo 
Siguiente es la forma de contrato comprendiendo ventas y embarques de azticar de 
Cuba bajo el plan por la Comisi6n expedido en Nueva York el 17 de 
febrero de 1921: 


propuesto 


Al Comité Financiero del Azitcar: 
Los abajo firmados, por y en nombre de (insértese aqui el nombre del productor 
cubano—dando la localidad de la fabrica en Cuba) durante la estacién del 1919-1920 


TH CUBA REVIEW 43 


LO CMI Oars os aah Se Sacos de azucar y durante la estaci6n de 1920-1921 espera producir 
3 dia Soe sacos de aztcar, todo lo cual pertenecera a las companias antedichas, 
por la presente acepta en nombre de las antedichas compafiias de azticar cada una y 
todas las provisiones del decreto No. 155 de 11 de febrero de 1921, y aun mas, por la 
presente conviene en vender por cuenta de las antedichas companias de azticar toda 
la producci6n de los centrales antedichos para la zatra de 1920-1921, menos la cantidad 
ya vendida 0 comprendida en el arreglo especial por escrito del caracter expresado 
en el articulo quinto de dicho decreto segtin clausula aqui anexa, por medio del comité 
financiero del azucar constituido en y por el susodicho decreto, y por la presente 
autoriza y da poder al susodicho comité financiero del aztcar para que yenda el 
azucar seguin las siguientes condiciones: 


1. La cantidad para ser vendida y embarcada de vez en cuando y el precio de 
la misma sera como dicho comité decida en su tinico y exclusivo juicio y raciocinio; 
pero todas las ventas hechas por el comité desde la fecha de la ejecuciOn de dicho 
decreto y todos los embarques seran distribuidos a pro rata entre todos los pro- 
ductores que forman parte de este acuerdo, segtin su producci6én segtn calcule el 
comité financiero del aztcar, cuyo calculo estara sujeto a revisién por dicho comité 
de vez en cuando segun progrese la zafra y sujeto a un ajuste final a la terminacion 
de la zafra. De vez en cuando se haran ajustes por el comité para asegurar a cada 


productor su cuota de pro rata en los embarques. 


2. Dicho comité esta autorizado para constituir un fondo reteniendo % de 1% 
del precio de la factura de todos los azticares embarcados a puertos de los Estados 
Unidos y el Canada, del cual el comité pueda pagar cualquier corretaje que juzgue 
necesario 6 conveniente a los Estados Unidos o al Canada en conexién con cualquier 
azucar vendido por ese medio; el resto de dicho fondo para ser distribuido a las 


partes interesadas en la cuenta final. 


3. Dicho comité esta también autorizado a retener del precio de la venta % 
de 1% del precio de factura de todos los aztiicares embarcados a puertos que no sean 
los Hstados Unidos o el Canada, para pagar corretaje en conexién con dichas ventas. 


4. Hl comité esta también autorizado a retener 1c por saco de todos los azticares 
embarcados de Cuba para crear un fondo del cual el comité pueda pagar a los 
eorredores locales de Cuba el corretaje que en su juicio crea conveniente por sus 
servicios como corredores en conexi6n con la venta de azticares y por el ajuste quin- 
eenal y mensual del promedio del arreglo en los precios, y por servicios semejantes. 


5. Una vez que se haran ventas de vez en cuando a distintos precios, se seguira 
el siguiente método para el arreglo: 


El comité de vez en cuando fijaraé y anunciaraé un precio de base por el cual 
se haradn los pagos al embarcador a cuenta de todos los embarques hechos por él. 
El embarcador, con los documentos de embarque adheridos, cobrara a los compradores 
designados por el comité el 95% del precio de base, el resto de 5% de dicho precio 
de base siendo pagado por el comprador al embarcador al contado a la liquidacién 
final de cada embarque. 


Ila diferencia entre el precio de factura y el precio de base sera colectado por 
letra girada por el embarcador contra el comprador a la orden del comité financiero 
del azticar, dichas letras seran entregadas y colectadas por dicho comité financiero 
del azticar, y de tales colectas ellos pagaran todos los gastos, corretaje, sueldos de 
los empleados de oficina y otros gastos semejantes incurridos por el comité (pero sin 
incluir compensaci6n alguna a dicho comité) y el resto debera ser distribuido a pro 
rata de vez en cuando tan pronto como sea posible. 


6. Si dicho decreto fuera abrogado o por cualquier motivo cesara de tener efecto, 
el comité financiero del azticar podra en cualquier ocasiOn terminar este conyenio en 


44 THH CUBA REVIEW 


dos semanas de aviso por medio de la publicaci6n. 


7. Ha de darse por entendido que los miembros individuales de dicho comité 
financiero del aztcar estan actuando en este caso voluntariamente en una capacidad 
puramente administrativa y sin compensaci6n, y que por lo tanto no incurriran en 
ninguna responsabilidad, individual o colectivamente, en conexi6n con la venta y 
embarque de aztcares, ni seraén responsables por ningtin dano de cualquier clase que 
sea, en conexi6n con ningtin asunto 0 cosa a que esto tenga relacién, ni seran re- 
sponsables o culpables por cualquier acto, falta o mal proceder de ningtin agente o 
persona empleada por ellos; y los vendedores por la presente eximiran de responsabili- 
dad o eculpabilidad, como ya se ha dicho, a los miembros individuales de dicho comité 
de cualquier y toda reclamaci6n de cualquier clase que sea. 


Con el objeto de llevar a cabo el convenio antedicho en su nombre, los abajo 
firmados, por y en nombre de las antedichas compafiias de azticar por la presente 
irrevocablemente nombran y constituyen................ Paes a he Yt ~ como agente y 
representante de las antedichas companias de azticar, para que actte y las represente 
en todas las transacciones y negociaciones de toda clase con el comité finnciero del 
azacar en conexién con la venta de su producci6én de azticar para la zafra de 1920-1921 
y todos los embarques de dicha zafra y pagos que se hagan de la misma, con completo 
poder para ejecutar cualquier y todos los acuerdos, recibos y otros documentos en 
relaci6n con la venta de sus azticares y su embarque y el pago de ello, segin dicho 
agente considere justo en su juicio exclusivo, por la presente ratificando y confirmando 
todo lo que dicho agente puede hacer en este caso. 


Se ha anunciado aqui recientemente que los productores de azticar de Hawaii 
han hecho arreglos para distribuir como unas 150,000 toneladas de azticar crudo de 
Hawaii, la mitad a la refinerfa American y la otra mitad a Howell, a pesar de que 
se habian hecho arreglos primitivos para refinar toda la cosecha en la costa del 
Pacifico. 

Hemos recibido esta semana avisos de la Gran Bretana por medio del cable 
manifestando que se ha anunciado oficialmente que la administraci6n del azticar por 
el gobierno sera abolida hoy, 28 de febrero. Sin embargo, se han hecho arreglos con 
refinadores ingleses para que tomen de vez en cuando el azticar crudo en poder de 
la Comisi6n Real a los precios del mercado el dia sea aceptada el aztcar. 


Nueva York, febrero 28, 1921. 


vided for the sinking fund and not used 
will revert to the company. The issue is 
callable in whole but not in part at 107%, 

The company further agrees to main- 


CUBAN-AMERICAN SUGAR COMPANY 


The National City Company, New York, 
is offering $10,000,000 in ten-year 8 per 


eent. sinking fund first mortgage bonds F ‘ 

a ae ee a Comaaan tain net quick assets equal to the value 
(6) 14e Cuban-American Sugar any ; : 

: I of outstanding bonds at all times. The 
at par. 


company’s earnings last year were in the 
neighborhood of $19,116,000, before pro- 
vision was made for Federal taxes, and 
the five-year average of earnings avail- 


The bonds are a direct obligation of 
the Cuban-American Sugar Company and 
are secured by about $16,000,000 in first 


mortgage bonds of subsidiary companies, 
representing property valued at approxi- 
mately $34,000,000. Under the terms of 
the agreement, the company is to main- 
tain a sinking fund of $250,000 quarterly, 
to purchase bonds in the open market up 
to and including 105. Any money pro- 


able for taxes and dividends was about 
$11,600,000. The smallest earnings re- 
turned in any one year in the last five 
was about $8,000,000. Proceeds of the 
bonds will be used to reduce outstanding 
bank loans and to give the company ad- 
ditional working capital. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 45 


Cable “ Turnure”’ FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of 
Collection and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Pyblic 
and Industrial Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection 
of Drafts, Coupons, etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and 


Letters of Credit on Havana and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, 
Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo and Central and South America. 


CORRESPONDENTS : 

HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank Ltd. 

Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: ; Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 


and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size 2934 x 24. Copyrighted 1918. 
Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


82 Beaver St., New York 


HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


ENGINES, BOILERS anp MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. | Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


A. KLING, Prop. 
JAS. S BOGUE, Supt. MOBILE, ALA. Bae Becinenie 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call,411mHamilton.~ +: Cable:Address:.‘tAbiworks’’ New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 


Engineers, Boiler Makers & Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in all Branches, 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


“ Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


Agents for 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


46 THH OUBA REVIEW 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 


constructor de trasbordadores superiores 


Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 
bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘ La Victoria.”’ 


ne : < i ; q . | 
A Weekly Publication of 
International Interest 
It covers every fiela and phase of the industry 
WRITE FOR SAMPLE COPY 


Subscription - $3.00 Per Year 


Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


Old Volumes of 


The Cuba Review 


Mr. ALBERTO PERALTA, Apartado 2349, 
Havana, Cuba, is desirous of obtaining 
complete volumes of THE CuBA REVIEW 
for the following years: 1903, 1904, 1905, 
1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, IgIO. 


Any of our readers who may be able to 
supply these will communicate with Mr. 
Peralta, stating price for the collection. 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 


Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL ST. 
Cable Address, ‘‘ Tide, New York”’ 


BANK OF CUBA IN NEW YORK 


34 Wall St., New York 


Associate Bank of National Bank of Cuba 


General banking business transacted 
with special facilities for handling 
Cuban items through the National 
Bank of Cuba and its 92 branches 
and agencies. 

We are especially interested in dis- 
counting Cuban acceptances. 


Current Interest Rates Paid on Deposit Accounts 
subject to check. 


Loans, Discounts, Collections and Letters of 
Credit will receive our best attention. 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 

Asst. Cashier 
Asst. Cashier 


. G. JONES 
J. W. ALBAUGH 


Se habla Espajfiol 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 
Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business, 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAUETS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


WANTED!! 


Back volumes of “ The International 
Sugar Journal” for the years 1896- 
IQOI-1904-1905-1908-r1g11 ; “ Louis- 
iana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer” 
from July 1889 to June 1918 ; “Cuba 
Review ” trom January 1903 to July 
1919; and “Sugar” from January 
1899 to October 1919. 


Those willing to sell should correspond 
with the Secretary, Sugar Bureau, 


PUSA, BIHAR, INDIA. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to ‘Advertisers 


THE CUB 


A REVIEW 47 


Crust Company of Cuba 


GAPITAL = == = - 
SURPLUS --- - 


$500,000 
$900,000 


TRANSACTS A 


GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 
OswalavAs Hornshbyas isc eneee scent = President 
@laudiolG. Mendoza. .225.5 sree. Vice-President 
James M. Hopgood ...... -........ Vice-President 
Rogelio Carbajal.............- ....- Vice-President 


[eG De EcU SSB aes Treasurer 

.. Assistant Treasurer 
Luis Perez Bravo.... ..Assistant Treasurer 
Oscar Carasalensse ccc <j) eles vet Secretary 
William M. Whitner........ Manager Real Estate 
and Insurance Depts 


Alberto Marquez ... 
Silvio Salicrup....... 


Our established relations with manufac- 
turers and large volume of business, 
allow us to quote advantageously on 

all classes ot 


RAW MATERIALS 


Chemical Products 
Caustic Soda—Bicarbonate Soda Ash 
Muriatic Acid—Nitric—Sulphuric Acid 
Oils—Greases—Waxes 
Gums—Glues—Dextrines 
Fertilizers 
We also offer a full line of 
Sugar Bleach and Filtering Materials 
Tanners’ Extracts and Oils 
Paints and Preservatives 
Insecticides and Disinfectants 
Essences Herbs— Condiments 
Drugs and Chemical Specialties 
and all other requirements 


FOR ALL INDUSTRIES 


We feel it will be to your advantage to permit 
us to figure on your requirements when you are 
next in the market. 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 


140 Liberty St., New York 
2 & 4 Muralla, Havana 


Santiago Cienfuegos Camaguey Matanzas 


Porto Rican Representatives : 
UNION COMMERCIAL CORPORATION 
Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P.R 


The Royal Bank « Canada 


Fundado en 1869 


Capital Pagado- - - - - $15,000,000 
Fondo de Reserva - - - - 15,000.009 
Activo Total - - - - - - 420,000,000 


QUINENTAS CINCUENTA SUCURSALES 
VEINTE Y OCHO SUCURSALES EN CUBA 
CINCO SUCURSALES EN LA HABANA 


LONDRES: 2 Bank Buildings, Princes Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Catalufia 6 


Corresponsales en todas las Plazas Bancables 
del mundo. Se expiden CARTAS DE CREDITO 
para viajeros en DOLLARS, LIBRAS ESTERLI- 
NAS y PESETAS, valederas sin descuentoalguno. 


En el DEPARTAMENTO DE AHORROS se 
admiten depésitos a interés desde CINCO PESOS 
en adelante. 


Sucursal Principal en la Habana: Obrapia 33 


Administradores 
R. DE AROZARENA F. W. 


Supervisor de Sucursales 
F. J. BEATTY 


BAIN 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


4S THE CUBA REVIBW 


United Railways of Havana 


CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 


| ” | | | j i 
No. 7.No. 5 No.3 No.9 | = | No. 2.No. 8 No. 6 No. 10 No. 4.No. 12 
= RAMANA. PM | PM, PM | AM 


No. II No. 1 
M;}PM!PM/! PM | AM | AM AM | AM 


| 


10.31 | 10.01 ; .O1 | |] Ly. Central Station Ar.}) 6.50} 9.40 | 3.31 | 6.30 7.25 


58||Ar.....Matanzas...Lv.|| 4.15 | 6.52] 1.10] 3.50] 5.06 
Cardenas........|] 12.05 | 500] 1000] TI. 
PM | AM 


.... Saneti Spiritus ... .| 


.. Ciego de Avila... 


Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
*Via Carrefio. 


SLEEPING CAR RATES~—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAVANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 


Cienfuegos 

SAS TANS co narscisictc Pine seater 
Caibarien 

Santa Clara 
GiesoidetAvilases: hans eck tees . ! 
Camaguey { 15.00 18.00 
3ayamo 

Altro Cedro : Ho 1 

Santiago 5 j 20.00 25.00 


ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 


THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


Antilla Isle of Pines 
Batabano : |  Madruga 
Bayamo s Manzanillo 
Caibarien Matanza srscerre secre coele niecieteveiee J 
Camaguey : PlACEtASS- cetemisicto'seicinian eee s+ eters 
Cardenas. .....: Scecneeeeeeneeaeee 3 Remediosic: 2.22. «.054 ore baelewincts eects 
Ciego de Avila. .c.20e eee 
Cienfuegos...... ..s:paeeeeeeeeee 
Colon. ¥ Sancti Spiritus 

Santa Clara 


$5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 


Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 
t1o pounds or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS--First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Colén, Union, Sagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


W. T. MEDLEY, COMMERCIAL AGENT ARCHIBALD JACK, GENERAL MANAGER 


HAVANA, CUBA 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA 


REVIEW 49 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 


PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 


‘*PASSOL’’ SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD ST., Cor. Stone. NEW YORK 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importaci6én directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espana. 


INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 


MATANZAS, CUBA 


Established 50 Years 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 
LUMBER AND TIMBER 
Wholesale and Retail 


Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


Telephones : | eieel Bowling Green 


Shipping Trade a Specialty 


Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone 0316 Henry Night Call, 2278 Henry 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 


Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 


Engravers- - Hine Stationery 


RUIZ BUILDING 
O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P. O. Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Cable Address; Kunomale, New York 
Telephone, 3300 South 


215 Korlen Means eechasee 
YULE & MUNRO 
SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
Boat BUILDERS, ETc. 


No. 9 Summit Street 
Near Atlantic Dock BROOKLYN 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Lamuer 


MERCADERES No. 5 
HAVANA, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either on a 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


F. W. Hvoslef E. C. Day R. M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 
Steamship Agents & Ship Brokers 


18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘ Benvosco’’ 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW ichen writing to Advertisers 


50 THE CUBA REVIEW 


HE FOUNDATION COMPANY is an Organ- 
ization of Construction Engineers special- 
izing in the building of difficult Super- 

structures and Substructures. The enviable repu- 
tation gained in its early history for trustworthy 
underground construction has followed it into the 
field of General Engineering Contracting. Included | 
among the structures successfully completed by The 
Foundation Company are the following: 


Refineries. 

Industrial Plants. 

Foundations, Shoring and Underpinning. 
Bridge Piers and Bridges. 

Sea Walls, Wharves, Bulkheads and Piers. 
Mine Shafts. 

Tunnels and Intakes. 

Dams and Hydro-electric Developments. 
Power Plants. 

Buildings, Offices, Warehouses, Factories. 
Housing Developments. 

Railroads and Terminals. 

Filtration and Sewage Plants. 

Highways. 


LT 


THE FOUNDATION COMPANY | 


Engineering Construction 


CITY OF NEW YORK: HAVANA, CUBA: 
120 LIBERTY STREET HORTER BUILDING 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 51 


Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES: 


82 Beaver Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Keyser Building, BALTIMORE. MD. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 


New York Antilla Antilla New York 
S/S) SORMMOIN VA DAUR OUR Onna uence ANoirs 2 Apr. 6 Apr. 9 Aor, 12 
AMET pao Ace carepeeoomventte Apr. 16 Apr. 20 Apr. 23 Apr. 27 
pes (OnE soe ch Cyaneht aan Apr. 30 May 4 May 7 May II 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular Sailings as follows : 


Havana ..... Every Week | Isabela de Sagua ..Every 3 Weeks | Antilla... Every 3 Weeks 

Matanzas..... Bi-Weekly | Caibarien......... BOLE ST NCS Gantiasorn “0. <a 

Cardenas. Every 3 Weeks | Nuevitas.......... EE de es Cienfuegos ‘ GG GE 
Guantanamo...... ot aot 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


Heh WAR —Montevideo-Buenos Aites...25 20.0% .. sss cece cc es. Semi-monthly 
Pee eV: Ga Zia a a rat eee pev th wie s byateianral Melee, uenie else sche e Monthly 


NEW YORK-—South America Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
New York to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Aires 


MOVIES (Ales sea ee ty ues oe ATG Snes one A April 6 
SoMNWARRRED A’ WIAGHINGION (O)esh.06. hac cen dee eho oes tore os oe Maye 


(a) 1st, 2d and 3d class. (b) 1st and 2d class. 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 


A STEAMER—Baltimore-Havana...........--2 eee ceeeee Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago............. Every Other Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or - 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


2 THE CUBA ReDV TEDW 


No. SS-96 
Steel Conveyor 


Chain 


FOR MODERN CANE CONDUCTOR 
INSTALLATIONS 


No. SS-96 was designed particularly 
for use in cane feeder carriers and the 
conductors to the Mills. It is now almost 
universally used in this work. It is the 
effective chain for cane conductors. 


Look for our 


Trade Mark on every link. 


Write for Catalog No. 355. 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 


299 BROADWAY 
NEW YORK CITY 


| 
| 
2 


4 ) 
am 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Di Tel fi 
Direccion Telegrafica. 165 Broadway, New York, U.S.A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 
Aqui se ve el grabado de uno ae nuestros carros mas modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 

de todos tipos y de varias ¢ 1pacidades para uso en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 

Méjico, con bastidores y jaulas de attes ra ode acero. Produccién annual de mas de 100,000 Carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA Representante para Cuba 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


10 CentsA Copy 
law York-Cit 


pT HB? CUS A RE Vel yy 


Ruedas de 
Hierro Enfriado 
y Ejes de Acero 
para Carros 

y Coches de 


Ferrocarril. 


A razon porqué las 
ruedas de Hierro 
Enfriado proce- 

dentes de nuestras fa- 

bricas tienen preferencia sobre las otras se debe a que el hierro enfriado puede resistir 
mejor que cualquier otro metal las cargas excesivas, las grandes velocidades y el roz- 
amiento generado por los frenos modernos. Talleres montados a la moderna y condi- 
ciones ventajosas para obtener las materias primas nos ponen en condiciones de cot- 
izar precios atractivos. 


NEW YORK CAR WHEEL COMPANY 


JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente 


Direccion cablegrafica : 
NE eee eae VORK 43 CEDAR STREET, NEW YORK, E.E. U.U. 


JAMES M. MOTLEY 43.CEDAR Se 


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TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


@ 
Guana} ay from 5 A.M. to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P. M. 
FARE : - $1.00 
e Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 
Guines enmee from 5.50 A. M. to 7.50 P. M. Last train 11.10 P. M. 
FARE - - $1.25 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANAS FORTRESS) FROM 
WU VE EIRIRIM.  VAWBUNUAL, IO) 


Regla (SSRAy)\s osecoscs GS ae li PN ea esie es aye Sct te $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway).......... 510 
Casa Blanca and Cabanas Fortress (Ferry) ......... .06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A.M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A.M. to 11 P.M. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW achen icriting to Advertisers 


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Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 
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~United Railways of Havana 
WESTERN DIVISION 


TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


PM|PM/;}PM!|AM}|AM| AM_| Fare Fare| AM/| AM/| PM| PM!/ PM/| PM 
6.15 | 2.55| 1.45| 10.15] 6.55] 5.45 |1st cl.|Lv. Cen. Sta...Ar|3dcl.| 7.20] 11.09 | 12.01 | 320] 7.09} 8.00 
8.2 4-24 | 3-55 | 12.2 824! 7.55 | $2.65 | Ar...Artemisa..Lv | $1.40] 515] 9-40] 9.45| I-15| 5.40] 545 
Cae Bil adaniel mace Q.5{ mmm 65.19 Ar..Paso Real..Lv) 2.54 ....- 805) |Seieacer “4.05 — 
ees 6.05 he 10.05 |..----| 5.62 | Ar. Herradura Lv | 2.74 )|......|| 7:48) |--<< ~~ |vcws ee) eae 
Sascic 6.56 |--<. =< 10.56 | 7.30) 671 |Ar.PinardelRioLv| 3.25|......| 6.55 |--.---|--+-.-+| 2.55] 6.00 
BS eT et mira $2:40;| 11.45)| 8:53 | Ar. =. Guanes -cley || 4.22!) coe) | 5.20) o-n- eee 1.20} 2.00 
PM|PM|PM{|PM/|PM/|}AM AM} AM|AM!}PM!}PM/;}PM 
Round Trip Fares From Havana To 

IDEAL BinOS Petco on ee oe 15 cts. Rancho Boyeros..- sae 4o cts. 

TROLLEY Arroyo Naranjo......... 25 cts. Santiago de las Vegas...55 cts 

Calabazars se oroenesa ns 3o-cts Rincon 2-se <2 6) eee 65 cts 


TRIPS 


Leaving Central Station every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 7.15 P. M., 
and every hour thereafter to 11.15 P M. 


TRADE WITH BOSTON 


memores from Cuba......:.22 3608 
Pees tO. CUDA........ +. cee eee 
Iinports from Cub 

Exports to Cub: 

Imports from Cuba 
RESORESMHOMOOUDA.........2 00008 


Please nention THE CUB. 


Year Ending 
Aug. 31, 1920 
$78,443,927 
14,080,685 


Aug., 1920 
$9,611,510 


1,221,332 


Year Pnding 
Sept. 30, 1920 
$77,675,257 


13,109,449 


Year Ending 
Oct. 31, 1920 
$74,058 054 
12°951,413 


Oct., 1920 
$1,153,839 
68S. 283 


Year Ending 

Aug.,1919 Aug. 31, 1919 
$2,068 468 $23,944,728 
1,798; 077 12,154,944 


Year Bnding 

Sept., 1919 Sept. 30, 1919 
$3,428,091 ’ 
1,180,373 12,340,088 
Year Pnuding 


Oct., 1919 Oct. 31, 1919 


$4,771,042 $29,281,947 
846,319 12,660,432 


t REVIEW achen acriting to Adve rtisers 


tite CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 67 Wall Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 


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ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 


VoL, XIX APRIL, 1921 No. 5 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page—Statue to Jose Maria Heredia, Poet, Santiago de Cuba. 
Frontispiece—Casino, Havana. 


Cuban Commercial Matters: 
(Crhbane Market om.© pttealll Goods eee etsersseecsceces ceases cence cxeseeceuc cass ae uavs cosceessue von eee ose tesdon successes 18 
Extension of Import Embargo on Rice in Cuba 17 
Lumber Market in Cuba 
INewmESLOmes= COmdyamyaees este seater 
Port Tonnage of Cienfuegos for 1920... 
SpaaisieeD tty, yor a Ctibiare Clea TS oceccceecccs. ccecsstesctsecacescecessscncessoven<steceescnctsvsontcusnneessvecevsscevsssznsseece 


Cuban Financial Matters: 


GubansAw erican tS tear Compan yices-cecsscaccetesscccsecees a se-vaeas aces cneanccescesnusovesu occas sideowen ica escenss sieeve 

Guantanamo Sugar Company............ eenoorce 

Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 

Santa Cecilia Sugar Corporation...................-+- 

Trafic Receipts of Cuban Railroads - 

eimbive lemixaillintey. Sino feeb ay ata Oe vce eters ect ence netere estate euros Soneeu eens edeedlas Se onapeevereuseaty sstuediareeaaee 
Cuban Government Matters: 

Condition of the Treasury 8 

(Cons talany Ghai ec ye vcecsecee-sestecezs eee 8 

Cuban Honorary Consul 7 

Delegate to International Institute of Agriculture in Rome... 7 

STE ETO TI PES UULES ele oc eracs cou tasesccastesuccecass eu actus ce caueseeceercscunaptecese susezeaes ii 

General Budget “or L921 ieee ae.cne--ses 8 

International Chamber of Commerce. 7 

Invitation to Cuban Government...... 7 

Payment of Overdue Debts........... 8 

SORES i. = Tinanearer eR MRO Ceeecon schoo ceecec cose Cesc ea cee teE SUSE AACE RREOL EEE EUR AC Hoe ae ODAC CET SPEC HARES RRR SCE EE RADE SESEEES 8 
(Gray ase @ Oui rb See cuty Clie Givi on eciswiS esse ce Peewee ase Se ees ses eaa eee duces te Siet ceme eed entnbaes duces sacesevtecSevsovsncsastarssereer 15 
Guibas eancs—Isiplescunenetoscarl cs wltasabt Ole sescessscccccec cess sec cecescctersacsees se sesevescescsvascae ous ceeuudaceecesetessenscestiee 16 
lnlawamme: COrmrreep@ragleee cab -bocccoso-eneccncn-72c0-c-CaCcECECEEC exe CEE ECE EAC aE e cern ECE EEOC CE RSE AGEA poe Ea ace BRCoEeSeCe 9, UO, iil, ue 
Inauguration of Direct Telephone with Cuba 12 
New Cable Link 12 
Nitievake Geno mas US eat te Hime Spas e2Feisse e ccnche sveceacsceseesctaeehces clo cdewatan sseocesas ver cewssassrteecedunvancuediessteiessedeuse 35 15 
Rey AME TGC Om be mL eat ee Oty INAULO TIS bs y.cetoeecacee cea aos tse sacteccdes su vaucuevenetystacedisussites css sacecyecevesstuecscaussedereevssnees 12 


The Sugar Industry: 


(Gsetora eagea Mcgee coe ete Se sas ce mae wget nee ee nec coed Dead Panta dat Segue oa Ben Sea Tat waena eee as esa tatedanesateesquuceusceeeatcectetusatesie 

Cubaysilin Comme te hroma Site ates etna ere cee secceeras cuenta civece sates sucess cestacie cease sweesecteseeeres 

Important Development in Cuba’s Cane Hauling Industry, illustrated 

Production of Blackstrap Molasses in Cuba......esesesecescecececeetevecesseeeeeseeteeseees 

Sigiwere [inane be losjarorcis (Cnn TEU ecco cereccee sce coc bos aCCaC RCE oO EEL COSC CLC ADEE REE DEC BeOS OER SS Sa-DSESOS REESE 
Stee aml EN Gwval Capes TR OATS least we eat ste a es rene at Ua sect a re Sac Sou masc case cal SSterssett ta dce cece saeeee acts so cessuiesivsesesstoacroees 34, 35 
SiSAIE IRENE, SDE VEIIC) I: oeecccoscoeccecncocceso cRCOCSLOC ECCS CALaZELCCETNSadaC6C 0000 -ECRNCEECBE ECCOS TOLEDO ECO CECORO SEC EEPO ES NSECSEICE SG), 3i7/ 


4 BA & M3 


C 


U 


BV alc EA. 


Casino, Opposite Country Club, Havana, 


THE 
CUBA REVIEW 


“ARE ABOUT CUBA” 


Copyright, 1921, by the Munson Steamship Line 


VOLUME XIX 


APRIE, 1921 


NUMBER 5 


CUBAN GOVERNMENT MATTERS 


ELECTION RESULTS 


Partial elections in Cuban districts 
where the returns of the November presi- 
dential elections had been thrown out be- 
cause of fraud charges resulted in the 
election of Dr. Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso 
to the Presidency, but under conditions 
which only accentuated the bitterness of 
the political strife in the republic. Mem- 
bers of the Liberal party, whose candi- 
date was General Gomez, obeyed the or- 
der of its Executive Committee against 
participation in the balloting, and in the 
four provinces outside of Havana where 
elections were held only forty-two Liberal 
ballots for President were cast as against 
12,419 for Dr. Zayas. 


Under the supervision of Major-General 
Enoch H, Crowder, the special representa- 
tive of the American Government, every 
precaution had been taken to prevent 
violence and fraud, and election day 
passed without disorders. General Crow- 
der made an inspection tour of several 
provinces and kept a close watch to pre- 
vent a recurrence of the partisan clashes 
which caused several fatalities at the 
November elections. 


The Executive Committee of the Lib- 
eral party has ordered Liberal members 
of Congress to abstain from all official 
duties and also has ordered all Liberals 
holding minor offices “on strike’”—their 
hope evidently being to force action by 
the American Government. They pre- 
pared to offer strenuous protests against 
the acceptance of the election returns. 
Dr. Zayas, it is reported, predicts that the 


situation will clear in a short time, and 
has confidence that enough members of 
Congress will take their seats to form a 
quorum, proclaim his election and enable 
him to constitute a successful govern- 
ment on May 20. 


INVITATION TO CUBAN GOVERNMENT 

The Cuban Government has accepted 
an invitation of the United States War 
Department to send officers to the United 
States Army Air Service schools. Two 
officers, one to attend the observation 
school at Fort Sill, Okla., and the other 
the pilot school at Arcadia, Fla., will be 
gin training in the near future. 


INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF 
COMMERCE 
The President of the Chamber of Com- 
merce, Industry and Navigation of the 
Island of Cuba has received an invitation 
from the International Chamber of Com- 
merce at Paris to become a member of the 
International Chamber of Commerce. 


DELEGATE TO INTERNATIONAL 
STITUTE OF AGRICULTURE 
IN ROME 
Dr. Francisco F. Falco has been ap- 
pointed by the Cuban Government as dele- 
gate to the International Institute of 
Agriculture in Rome, Italy. 


IN- 


CUBAN HONORARY CONSUL 
President Menocal has signed a decree 
appointing Carl W. Widmann honorary 

Cuban consul at Sheffield, England. 


8 A) US <P ak Go) im Sp. Wa a) Oa ah 4 


CUBAN GOVERNMENT MATTERS 


CONSULAR CHANGES 


President Menocal has made the fol- 


lowing changes of posts and promotions 


in the consular service: Transfers— 
Consul General Luis Rodriguez Embil 
from Rotterdam to Hamburg; Consul 
Frederico Sanchez from Honolulu to Bos- 
ton; Consul Alberto 8S. Hiria from Bos- 
ton to Honolulu; Vice Consul José A. 
Ramos from New York to Cleveland; 
Second Class Consul Guillermo Godoy 
from Mayaquez to Marseille; Second 


Stable from Mar- 
Class Consul 


Class Consul Juan P, 
seille to Alicante; Second 
Fernando Paine y Pols from Gijon to 
Coruna; Second Class Consul Leén de 
Leon y Lazo from Milar to Gijon; Sec: 
ond Class Consul Leopoldo Pereira from 
Seville to Vera Cruz; and Chancellor 
Lorenzo Blas Verde from Quito to Ali- 
cante. Promotions—Vice Consul Crecen- 
cio Sacerio at Cleveland to consul general 
in Rotterdam; Vice Consul Pedro E. Des- 
vernine to second consul in New 
York; Vice Consul Nicolas Bilbac Puig 


class 


at Hamburg to second class consul in 
Bremen; Vice Consul José Robleda_ at 
Vera Cruz to second class consul in Se- 


ville; Vice Consul Alberto G. Abreu San- 
chez in Ottawa to second class consul at 
Mayaguez; and Vice Consul Alfonso Fer- 
sarcelona to second 
The resignation 
second 


nandez Sarrasi in 
Class consul in Malaga. 
of Senor M. Fernandez 


Alicante, 


Sarrasi, 


class consul in has been ac- 


cepted. 


GENERAL BUDGET FoR 1921 
President Menocal presented to 
Congress the general budget for the coun- 
try for 1921. The revenues are reckoned 
as follows: $53,S802,- 


has 


Customs receipts, 


707; port and improvement taxes, $1,894.- 
322; consular fees, $1,445,723: revenues 
from means of communication, $2,392,919; 
taxes and various contributions, $25,849,- 
925; property and rights of the State, 
$584,736; different products, $1,558,125; 


taxes of the loan, $4,942,195; national lot- 
tery, $4,366,432; and extra tax on sugar, 
total $104,137,085. 


$7,500,000 ; revenues, 


The expenditures as reckoned in the budget 
are as follows: Debts of the Republic, 
$9,928,902; legislative power, $2,163,660; 
judicial power, $3,869,934; presidential 
staff, $253,850; state, $1,544,204; justice, 
$547,920; Government, $12,151,420; treas- 
ury, $4,364,087; additional budget of the 
treasury, $1,559,804; public works, $6,349,- 
987; additional public works, $25,942,172; 
agriculture, commerce and labor, $1,413,- 
428; public instruction and fine arts, 
$10,615,549; sanitation and charity, §$6,- 
208,260; war and navy, $17,444,508; total 
expenditures, $104,187,085, 


CONDITION OF THE TREASURY 
The receipts and expenditures effected 


by the General Treasury of Cuba during 
the seven months from March 1 to Sep- 


tember 30, 1920, were as follows: Bal 
ance on hand on February 28, 1920, 


$6,582,272; receipts in the seven months, 


public revenues, $66,294,240; reimburse- 
ments, $3,472,932; and special funds, 


$2,954,756, showing a total in the treas- 
ury on September 30 of $79,284,200. The 
expenditures by budgets, laws, and de- 
crees for the seven months amounted to 
$68,705,419, and for special funds, $1,802,- 
367, or a total expenditure of $70,507,786, 
or a favorable balance of $8,776,414. 


PAYMENT OF OVERDUE DEBTS 

The Cuban Government has decided to 
liquidate the overdue debts owed various 
companies and private individuals for 
the general transportation of the State 
up to 1918-19. The total of these balances 
is $301,796, distributed as follows: United 
Railroads of Havana, $229,894; Railroad 
of the West, $17,888; Cuban Central Rail- 
ways, $22,604; Havana Central Railroad, 
$7,183: and to other companies and indi- 


’ 


viduals, $24,199. 


SPANISH IMMIGRANTS 
During the first six months of 1920 


fully 39,745 Spanish immigrants arrived 
in Cuba. According to the figures of the 
Superior Council of Immigration of Spain. 
59,593 persons emigrated from that coun- 
try during the six months mentioned. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 9 


HAVANA CORRESPONDENCE 
March 26, 1921. 


PRESIDENT MENOCAL TO TAKE VACATION: Rumor has it that President Meno- 
cal, upon his retirement from the Presidency of Cuba, will take an extended vacation 
in Europe, visiting first the United States, where he will pass several months, and 
proceeding from there to France and Italy. It will be remembered that President 
Menocal has been in control of Government affairs in Cuba during eight years of 
very trying times and a long rest of the nature outlined above is necessary for him 
to recuperate from the strains of the many complications which arose during his 
administration. 

BY-ELECTIONS HELD ON MARCH IDTH: On March 15th the partial elections 
which were scheduled for March 10th took place and an overwhelming majority of 
the votes were cast in favor of Dr. Alfredo Zayas, who was the candidate of the 
National League for the Presidency. There are yet to be held partial elections in 
Oriente Province, but it is generally conceded that no matter which way these elec- 
tions might go it will not materially affect the ultimate outcome, since Dr. Zayas has 
a sufficient margin to afford to lose completely these coming partial elections and yet 
remain the popular choice of the Cuban people for the Presidency. 

Much was said prior to these last elections concerning possible disorders while 
they were being held, but no outbreaks or reports were heard of any disorders any- 
where on the Island. The Liberals, who were opposed to Dr. Zayas and the Nationzal 
League party, issued a proclamation several days prior to March 15th, calling on 
the Liberal voters to remain away from the polls on election day as a demonstration 
against what they deemed to be unfair measures which were to be adopted by Presi- 
dent Menocal regarding the elections. The results of the elections would indicate 
that this proclamation was strictly adhered to, since a very small Liberal vote was 
east. Subsequent to the elections, rumor had it that the Liberal members of the 
Senate and House of Representatives would refuse to meet prior to May 20th to 
declare a new President of the Republic elected, but this resistance seems to have 
lessened and it is now generally understood that a reconciliation between the two 
parties is about to be effected. That Dr. Alfredo Zayas has been legally elected is 
beyond doubt and that he will serve the next four years is assured. 


SUGAR: The price of sugar, under the administration of the Sugar Commission, 
has recovered somewhat and those interested in its production have hopes that this 
year will yet prove slightly profitable and not show the tremendous loss that it was 
estimated would be shown for the 1920-1921 crop. 

There are today about 95 per cent. of the centrals on the Island grinding, but 
the production of sugars to date is only about one-half what it was at this time 
last year. This same proportion holds for the amount of sugars exported, some 
653,629 tons, whereas last year at this time there had been taken from the Island 
about 1,280,000 tons. 

Quite out of the season also, it would appear, are the rains that have retarded 
the grinding season this year. In the Guantanamo Valley, where the yield has 
usualiy been very good, we find that the twelve centrals located in this rich district 
have a production this year of about 50 per cent. of last year’s crop and the sugar 
content of the cane is considerably lower, due, we understand, to the excess of rain 
this year as against other grinding seasons. 

Strange as it may seem, it is a fact that large numbers of Spanish laborers are 
returning to Spain now and at the same time the Eastern Provinces of the Island 
are complaining about the scarcity of labor. ‘The reason seems te be in the price 
offered for labor this year as against that offered last. Then, too, many of the 
laborers have been intimidated about engaging themselves to the centrals on the 
Hastern end of the Island, by persistent rumors of the prevalence of typhoid fever 


10 THE CUBA REVIEW 


and other diseases caused by improper water supply and bad living conditions, 
Haitian and Jamaican labor has not proved as satisfactory as Spanish and Italian 
and there is always a demand for the Spaniard, whereas the other class of labor is 
only encouraged when an acute scarcity is felt. 

The Sugar Commission which was appointed by President Menocal has perfected 
its organization and is functioning well. In issuing the permits and allocating the 
percentage of sugars to be shipped by the different centrals, the Commission always 
allots a certain percentage of the last crop to assure the consumption of this sugar 
before the grinding ceases for this year. The price is not expected to advance very 
much beyond the present one (5.25 cents), although June and July shipments usually 
bring slightly advanced prices, but with the price firm at 5.25 cents, sugar can, even 
today, be profitably ground and a return that will warrant a dividend is guaranteed. 


PORT CONGESTION: As to this we find that there is very little to be written, 
since the congestion in Havana Harbor has been practically cleared up. The work 
of Col. M. Despaigne has been done quickly and effectively and he has earned the 
praise of all in Havana who have had an opportunity of viewing his splendid work. 

From our close observation, the question of clearing up the wharves and ware- 
houses of the waterfront was simply one of contagion since, as soon as it was 
observed that Col. Despaigne was in earnest in his determination to relieve these 
distressing conditions, the consignees of freight in Havana immediately co-operated 
with Col. Despaigne and the result was very soon evident. 

Today there are less than fifty vessels in the Bay of Havana, and of this number 
only a very few are awaiting discharge, and those are, singularly, ships operated 
by so-called fly-by-night concerns which brought cargo to Havana at exorbitant freight 
rates and whose agents and operators had no docking facilities in Havana. Then, 
too, these ships, after having lain in the bay for months awaiting discharge, attempted 
to assess consignees for so-called demurrage incurred to the vessels and these con- 
signees promptly refused to accept their merchandise. The result is that the operators 
of these vessels are awaiting an adjustment of some kind before discharging. 

Both shippers and consignees have learned their lesson with regard to entrusting 
their shipments to new shipping concerns. The established lines into Cuba will 
have little difficulty in the future in retaining this business. However, it cannot be 
gainsaid that American shipping interests suffered a setback when these new con- 
cerns operated into Cuban ports, since the importers have gained the impression that 
the whole matter was a worked-up affair and done to afford these new enterprises 
an opportunity to abuse the confidence of Cuban business men. 


FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTS: Much satisfaction is manifested throughout the 
Island at the splendid showing made by the different banks of Cuba to meet their 
obligations as they have fallen due under the Torriente Law. AIl of the banks, with 
the exception of the Banco Internacional de Cuba, have made payments promptly 
and confidence has again been restored in the Island’s financial institutions. 

A recent development was the retirement from the presidency of the Banco 
Nacional de Cuba of Mr. William A. Merchant and the installation of Sr. Porfirie 
Franca to this important position. Sr. Franca has been for years managing director 
of the Havana branch of the National City Bank of New York and is a man of 
pronounced ability and has a great many friends throughout the Island. 

The Banco Espanol de la Isla de Cuba (known as the Spanish Bank), we under- 
stand, has under consideration a plan for the sale of the bank and bank property 
to New York bank interests and in this manner it is believed that the Spanish Bank 
will be able to meet its obligations in full. Should this plan not mature, it is deemed 
certain that, unless the depositors will be willing to accept new bonds representing 
the amount of the indebtedness of the bank to them, this bank will find itself unable 
to carry out the provisions of the Torriente Law and will be forced to close its doors. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 11 


LABOR CONDITIONS: ‘The attitude of labor in the Harbor of Havana is anything 
but encouraging at this time. Especially disappointing is this attitude since it is the 
desire of the steamship lines operating into Havana to reduce freight rates and 
handling and wharfage charges to a more normal basis than that maintained for 
the past two years. The harbor unions are closely interrelated and have steadfastly 
refused to make any concessions as far as wages are concerned. On the contrary, 
they now have a movement on foot whereby captains of lighters and barges are to 
be paid additional wages besides their salaries as captains. These wages are not to 
be on a straight day’s work basis, but on a piece work basis, and will make lighterage 
costs higher than ever before in the history of the Bay of Havana. Whether their 
demands will be granted has not yet been decided, but it certainly is to be hoped 
that the steamship lines and operators of lighterage companies in the Bay of Havana 
can organize and combat this seemingly unjust award. 


HIGH COST OF LIVING IN CUBA: At this time, although material reductions 
have been noted in prices for all lines of food and clothing in the United States, it 
must be admitted that prices in Cuba have been reduced but little if any during the 
past six months. Clothing has been marked down, but these reductions are not 
noticeable in the better grades of clothing. Shoes of standard make are still about 
$20 per pair and bread, although the price of flour in the States has been reduced, 
is still twelve cents per pound, and coffee and milk at the local café is eight cents 
per cup, although sugar has been reduced in Cuba from thirty-five cents per pound 
(when the price of a cup of coffee was increased to eight cents) to ten cents per 
pound. 


CLEARING HOUSE TO BE ESTABLISHED IN HAVANA: Much attention has been 
given recently to the question of establishing in the City of Havana a clearing house 
for the banks of Hayana and the Island of Cuba in general, and also to include the 
private bankers. This clearing house has been the one facility which Havana bankers 
have always lacked and this inauguration will mean that Cuban banks and bankers 
are on a par with those of other countries which enjoy this institution. 


NEW CABLE LINE: A decree has been signed by the Secretary of Goyern- 
ment whereby permission is granted the All America Cable Corporation to lay various 
lines of cable between the American Naval Station at Guantanamo, in Oriente 
Province of Cuba, and the United States. 


CHINESE IMMIGRATION: ‘The Secretary of Agriculture, General Sanchez de Agra- 
monte, has granted permission to Chinese immigration agents to bring to Cuba one 
Chinese immigrant for each 100 Chinese population which the Island already has. 


HARBOR NOTES: Col. M. Despaigne has given notice to all the importers here 
whose goods have been taken to the old Espada Cemetery and deposited there, that 
unless these goods are called for within the next thirty days, they will be sold at 
public auction to cover the charges which have to date accrued thereon. Col. Des- 
paigne ‘has also warned the importers that if they persist in neglecting the handling 
of their importations he will not deposit their merchandise in Espada Cemetery, but 
rather within the confines of the customs zone where high storage charges preyail. 

NEW SHIPPING BOARD HEAD: Much interest was displayed in Havana recently 
when it was rumored about the city that Mr. Alfred G. Smith, president of the Ward 
Line. was to be appointed by President Harding to head the U. 8. Shipping Board. 
Cuban shipping men realized that with a man like Mr. Smith at the head of the 
Shipping Board, American shipping interests would progress rapidly, since Mr. Smith 
is a man of broad experience and recognized ability in the shipping world. 

COREAN LABORERS FOR MANATI SUGAR COMPANY: The Mexican steamship 
“Tamaulipas” put into the Bay of Havana the early part of this month, having run 
short of water and fuel, and a few days later proceeded on her way to Manati, Oriente 
Province, where she disembarked some 600 Coreans which she had on board for the 


12 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Manati Sugar Company. The importation of this Corean labor is only another illus- 
tration of the acute shortage of labor in Cuba, which shortage is caused by the poor 
prices being paid this year. 

NEW JAI-ALAI FRONTON FOR MARIANAO: A new company has been formed to 
erect a Jai-Alai Fronton on property fronting the Marianao Casino, This undertaking 
is expected to prove a splendid paying proposition, The Casino at Marianao has 
had another very profitable season and it is estimated that the gross profits so far 


this vear are in the neighborhood of $2,500,000. The Cuban populace is very en- 


thusiastic for Jai-Alai and it is considered that this new Fronton will enjoy a 
splendid patronage. 
HAVANA TOURISTS: The City of Havana, although prepared to entertain a 


record number of tourists this year, was considerably disappointed. A large number 
of tourists have this year taken advantage of the splendid excursions conducted by 
different steamship lines. Palatial steamers bring capacity crowds to Havana for 4 
stay of two or three days, from which port they pass on to other West Indies Islands’ 
ports for short visits, returning to New York after some thirty to sixty days spent 


aboard the ship. 


INAUGURATION OF DIRECT 
TELEPHONE WITH CUBA 

Direct telephone communication — be- 
tween the United States and Cuba was 
opened on April 11th by President Hard- 
ing and President Menocal, who _ ex- 
changed renewed assurances of friendship 
and good-will, 

Completion of the undersea circuit was 
marked by a formal ceremony at the Pan 


American Building, Washington, where 
Mr. Harding, several members of his 
Cabinet, and other officials gathered, 


while a similar group of notables par- 
ticipated at Havana. 

As an added feature, Washington and 
Havana, as well as other cities scattered 
across the country, listened to a report 
from a telephone operator at 
Catalina Island, in the Pacific Ocean. The 
distance from Catalina to Cuba is 5,700 
miles, and the feat 
lished a 


wireless 


is said to have estab- 
distance record for trans- 
mission of the human voice by a circuit 


new 


of radio, wire and cable. 


The ceremony here was in charge of 
the American Telephone and Telegraph 


Company and the National Club, 
and the invited guests, numbering several 
hundred, provided with 
connected with the new circuit. 

After the between the 
Executives, Secretary Hughes talked with 
the Cuban Secretary of State, George 
Desvernines; Secretary Mellon spoke to 


Press 
were 


receivers 


conversation 


the Cuban Secretary of the Treasury, 
Senor Hernandez; the Cuban Minister at 
Washington spoke to Boaz Long, Ameri- 
can Minister at Havana, and Secretary 
Weeks spoke to the Cuban Secretary of 
War and Navy, Senior Marti. 

The new enterprise, which will make 
possible telephonic conversation betweeu 
Cuba and any part of the United States, 
cost approximately $2,000,000. 


NEW CABLE LINK TO CUBA 
Announcement has been made by Clar- 


ence H, Mackay, president of the Postal 
Telegraph-Commercial Cable System, of 
the laying of a new submarine cable by 
that system between Miami and Havana, 
Cuba, which supplements the present 
cable of that system from New York to 
Havana, Cuba, thereby furnishing an al- 
ternate route. 


The new cable landing at Miami will 
be connected by direct wires with the 
offices of the Postal Telegraph system to 
all parts of the United States. 


PAYMENT TO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 
According to the Bulletin of the Pan 


American Union, the Government of Cuba 
has ordered the payment of $12,109 to 
the general secretariat of the League of 
Nations, as the country’s quota of its sup- 
port in accordance with the budget of the 
League of Nations for expenses to De- 
cember 31, 1920. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 13 


NUEVA GERONA, ISLE OF PINES 


By Consul W. Bardel 


The consular district of Nueva Gerona comprises all of the Isle of Pines, which 
is located some 84 nautical miles south of the western end of Cuba and is officially 
attached to the Province of Habana. The island has an area of about T97 square 
miles; it counts about 3,500 inhabitants, of whom about 600 are Americans, the 
rest being native white Cubans and Spaniards, and negroes born in Cuba or coming 
from the other West Indian Islands. 

The government of the island is in the charge of a civil governor, called ‘“‘Al- 
calde,” and a military officer commanding a detachment of rural guards. The judicial 
functions are in charge of a judge who presides over the Court of First Instance, 
the Correctional, and the Civil Courts. Another judge has charge of the Municipal 
Court. The seat of all of these authorities is at Nueva Gerona. The island has two 
customs districts, the one at Nueva Gerona, with the port of Jucaro as an auviliary, 
and the other the district of Los Indios on the southwest coast. The latter, however, 
has had to be closed temporarily on account of the destruction of the dock there by 
the hurricane of September, 1917. It is expected that this customs district will 
again be in operation by the last of 1919, when the dock will be rebuilt. 


MOST OF THE ISLAND ADAPTED TO AGRICULTURE 

With the exception of two ridges of small mountains—the highest peaks of which 
have an elevation of about 1,600 feet—one on the northeast coast near the town of 
Nueva Gerona, and the other a ridge of smaller importance on the south coast, the 
territory of the island is rolling, partially cultivated, and partially covered with 
falms and pines, the latter giving the island its name. 

Agriculture is the leading industry. 

Nearly 90 per cent. of the cultivated and uncultivated land of the island is in 
the hands of Americans, who raise citrus fruit—principally grapefruit—and early 
vegetables, such as peppers and eggplants, almost all of these products being exported 
to the United States. Cultivation is always fraught with some risk of loss by the 
elements, especially hurricanes which at times strike the island. Agriculture proved 
fairly successful up to the year 1914, when prices in the American markets became 
so low owing to overproduction that citrus fruit had to be sold at little or no profit. 
When the market conditions became better, transportation, after the entry of the 
United States into the war, was very difficult and expensive, and fertilizers, which 
are required on this island for every kind of production, could be had only at prices 
so high they were almost prohibitive. 


AGRICULTURAL HANDICAPS 

In September, 1917, about the time the grapefruit began to ripen, a terrific 
hurricane struck the island, devastating nearly half of it, carrying off fruit and 
packing houses, and damaging the trees seriously. Not only was the crop ruined 
completely, but the groves were left in such a deplorable state that it will take 
at least two years before they can be brought back to their original healthy condi- 
tion. Besides many other difficulties, the farmers here have been handicapped by a 
shortage of labor, many able-bodied men having gone to Cuba or the United States, 
where on account of war conditions they could earn larger wages. 

It has been, and to a great extent still is, the custom among the farmers to 
give all attention to the cultivation of citrus fruit and tropical vegetables, disre- 
garding the raising of foodstuff for their own consumption, This has necessitated 
their buying many products at high prices which they could have raised on their 
ewn farms for almost nothing. Some of the farmers here have become wiser in this 
respect, however. 

EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES 
As the following statement of annual declared exports to the United States from 


14 THE CUBA REVIEW 


this distriet shows, the quantity of grapefruit exported in 1918, exclusively to the 
United States, was less than one-third of the quantity exported in 1917, and the 
quantity of vegetables was 60 per cent. less in 1918 than in 1917. Grapefruit brought 
much higher prices than in former years, as did iso the vegetables, offsetting fo 
some extent the smaller quantities, but trade conditions are still far from satisfae- 
tory. Everyone here is hoping that the present fine prospects for a large crop in the 
current year may be realized. 


Declared exports for the two years were: 


1917 1918 
sige Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. 
CAPRDEEFUNCOISCORY oc u's (oie x dere opine Site mene 109,070 $196,326 35,000 $70,608 
Lo gp oles Same ee Su ae eee a Be Fe cote ee 6.100; oe 1.885 
Vegetables, crates........c0.ccccceeeueer sees: 55,256 60,617 21,662 83,789 
Pe Lee a Pee ea eee ra, G0 BIS: sak teen 156,282 


MINING AND OTHER INDUSTRIES 
One source of great relief for this island may come with the exploitation of the 
iron mines discovered here. Nothing of great importance has developed as yet, but 
of the 18 or 20 mines so far staked out all over the northeastern part of the island 
two show most promising prospects. The managing engineers pronounce the ore 
to be of the finest quality, and claim that it is only the problem of proper trans- 
portation that still delays the successful exploitation of the mines. 


Besides a large box factory which turns out over 1,000,000 boxes annually for 
the packing of Cuban pineapples, two canning establishments, four sawmills, one 
marble-cutting shop, and a turpentine plant under American control, there is no 
manufacturing of any importance done here. Nearly all articles needed for living 
purposes, even most of the foodstuffs, have to be either bought in Cuba or imported. 
During the war all imported articles used here came from the United States. 


MERCHANDISE IMPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES 

The table below indicates the quantity in kilos (1 kilo is equivalent to 2.2046 
pounds) and value of articles imported directly from the United States in 191S. 
A comparative statement can not be furnished, as all records of the custom house 
of this port were destroyed in the hurricane of 1917. It is probable that nearly as 
many more American goods arrived here through Habana merchants, so in view 
of the comparatively small community, the figures for imported American goods 
make a fairly good showing: 


Articles. Kilos. Value. Articles. Kilos. Value. 
Agricul Iti ural implements 7,910 $1,366 Tronware:\;¢.; tae see 185 $97 
Automobile accessories 1,287 2,034 Leatherware! .~)2..c5-sen eee 310 235 
Butter and substitutes 1,879 2,122 Machinery..... eee 18,686 6,890 
Canned goods 8,362 2,652 Musical instruments.......... 54 54 
Cement 65 13 Paints, varnish ete.-. cele 1,214 304 
Cereals and grains 14,530 1,894 Paper: acces 18,814 1,968 
Chemical products 7,073 1,342 Petroleums.2cAi4ee eee 2,851 167 
Chinaware.. 17 40 Pharmaceutical preparations. . 28 Ly; 
Cotton goods 1,201 1,332 Photographie supplies........ 136 253 
Cutlery ; 16 39 Rubber co0ds2 see 693 730 
Dry goods 2,817 2,023 Shoeset frase asset eee ee 3,298 2,427 
Earthenware 9 4 Soaps o<. 13. ceeieeruste he ere ee 3,923 799 
Fertilizer 72,743 4,552 Sugar’; See ee 309 68 
Flour. 16,324 2,454 ‘Tins, emptya.. ane ee eee 1,003 313 
Fruit, dried 1,980 526 Tobacco. 5..¢2 5. een eee 1,219 1,006 
Fruit, fresh 3,905 181 Toys: 2s ont eee ee 328 130 
Furniture 855 200 Vegetables, fresh............. 20,832 1,139 
Gasoline 3,590 340 Wooden’ articles: 27.2 =: 408 734 
Glassware Te 1,074 172 Woolenjgoodsussaseacee eee: 4 8 
Groceries 15,296 2,740 All other articles............. 8,257 2,907 
Hardware and tools 8,205 2,617 


Household goods... .. . 1,952 845 Tol co eee 49,734 


THE CUBA REVIEW 15 


AMERICAN STORES PREDOMINATE 

While the Americans residing here are a small minority of the total population, 
they control, almost entirely, the trade and agriculture of this island, most of the 
better stores being owned by them and patronized by everyone. American goods 
being preferred to all others, it is to be expected that with the betterment of general 
conditions and improvements in transportation, this district will always be a fair 
field for the introduction of American products. 

Until the port of Los Indios, at which ocean-going vessels could formerly land, 
is supplied with a new dock, all shipping to and from this island will be done through 
the port of Nueva Gerona and its auxiliary port at Jucaro. This shipping, on account 
of the shallowness of the water, has to be performed by small steamers owned by 
the Isle of Pines Steamship Co., or by small sailing vessels. 

The banking facilities for the island are furnished in a most satisfactory manner 
by an American bank which has correspondence in all parts of the United States 
and Cuba. 


CUBA’S COURTS AND CIVIL LAWS 


By the Cuban constitution, residents, non-residents, and strangers in Cuba receive 
equal protection as regards life, liberty, and property, provided the non-residents and 
those not citizens submit to the laws, taxes, judicial decrees, and regulations in the 
same manner as citizens and natives. 

There are three different courts in which proceedings may be brought. Where 
the amount in controversy does not exceed $300, the action corresponds to that of the 
courts of justices of the peace, or inferior magistrates’ courts, in the United States; 
where the amount involved is not more than $1,500, the action is like that of the 
circuit or county court; while amounts greater than $1,500 come within the jurisdiction 
of the highest court of record. 

The ordinary lawyer’s fee is 10 per cent. of the amount involved, and a minimum 
fee for reputable and high-class lawyers is $10. The business of collecting small 
amounts is usually regarded as beneath the dignity of the average lawyer of standing, 
although some firms keep clerks who are attorneys to attend to such small matters. 

Non-residents are not required, because of their status as such, to give security 
for the costs before commencing action, but the court may on motion require it, if it 
seems that the action is frivolous or the plaintiff obviously has no case. 

If the costs taxed against a losing defendant are objected to by his counsel, the 
judge will refer the entire matter to the Havana Bar Association, which is an incor- 
porated and quasi-judicial body. Three officers of the association will then revise or 
retax the costs; this action is ratified by the judge and is final. In other parts of the 
Island members of the bar may be appointed as referees. 

The civil law, as amended and amplified, prevails in Cuba. It has been largely 
changed from its original form by legislation and by judicial decrees and interpre- 
tations. 

There is an insolvency law, very much like the United States bankruptcy 
act. The proceedings may be for respite, involuntary, and voluntary. Involuntary 
insolvency proceedings may be brought about by one or more legitimate creditors who 
prove (1) that two or more executions are outstanding against the debtor; (2) that 
no property has been found free from other charges sufficient to cover the amount 
claimed: (38) that the debtor has not fulfilled in whole or in part the agreement of 
composition or respite, in which case he may be declared an involuntary insolvent at 
the instance of his creditors, or any three of them, even though there be no execution 
pending against him. 

On the whole, the laws of Cuba are adequate and are administered by competent 
courts. Non-residents are under no disadvantage as against residents. 


16 THE CUBA REVIEW 


CUBA’S LANDS—TITLE THERETO AND TAXATION 


There are no public lands in Cuba in the sense that we of the United States 
understand the term, Along the coasts there are some keys or “cayos” that nobody 
owns and over which the Government exercises sovereignty, but there is no public 
domain. The change from Spanish sovereignty was effected without dispossessing 
any persons of their holdings. Thus all the land in Cuba has some sort of a claim 
of ownership upon it. Many of these old grants are most indefinite and vague, Persons 
acquiring the land would do well to engage the services of a reputable lawyer specializ- 
ing on land matters and have a searching investigation made, paying no money until 


the title has been pronounced good. 


The prices of lands vary greatly, being higher, of course, the nearer they are to 
means of transportation. In particularly favorable localities, such, for instance, as 
the proven tobacco district of the Vuelta Abajo in Pinar del Rio, they are very expen- 
sive. In the remote districts, however, land may be bought for from $4 to $7 per 
acre, The system of registration of titles under the Cuban Government is effective, 
but more expensive than in the United States. The notarial fees, stamp taxes, record- 
ing fees, and the like, amount to about three times as much as those necessary in 
our own country. Investors should be extremely careful, for out of the confusion 
of old titles, or squatter claims, or lack of documentary evidence of title, many em- 
barrassing and frequently expensive situations are likely to arise. 


The lands in Cuba that are not under cultivation are not taxed at all. The tax 
on lands where diversified cultivation is practiced is based with reference to that 
crop that gives the largest returns. In any case the tax is less than it would be in 
the United States. The tax on sugar estates or “centrals” is based on the price of 
each 100 arrobas (an arroba is equivalent to 25 pounds) of cane, the price varying 
according to the zone of production, Taking into account the wagonloads of cane, 
each of 100 arrobas. after deducting SO per cent. for the expenses of cultivation and 
manufacture, a tax of S per cent. is imposed on the remaining returns, 


The tax on city property is determined at the rate of 12 per cent. of its rental 
value, or, in other words, 12 per cent. of the rent goes for taxes. When the property is 
unoccupied or occupied by the owner, the tax is based on the rental value of the ad- 
jacent property, or if the adjacent property is not rented, then the next property or 
property in the neighborhood. City taxation does not vary with the necessity of the 
municipality for revenue; it may be considered as fixed on the above basis. 


Every profession and trade is taxed, the tax never being higher than $10 annually 
in any case. It is assessed and collected by the respective municipal governments 
and forms the principal part of their revenue, aside from the tax on property. 


Commercial houses and factories pay taxes according to a tariff that varies in 
proportion to the number of inhabitants in the city or town where they are estab- 
lished. These taxes are also assessed and collected by the municipal governments, 
and in no case is the tax more than $200 on any one firm, individual or corporation. 


Mortgages are subject to a tax of 1%4 per cent., assessed and collected by the 
municipality in which the property is located or the mortgage registered. 


The necessity of the Cuban Government for additional revenue may necessitate 
the imposition of an export tax on sugar and tobacco, such measures having been 
under consideration by the Cuban Congress in 1917. Such legislation is, of course, 
being vigorously opposed by the sugar and tobacco interests of the Republic. Export 
taxes on iron and copper ore appear likely to be imposed. . 


THE CUBA REVIEW i7/ 


CUBAN COMMERCIAL MATTERS 


TONNAGE OF CIENFUEGOS FOR 
1920 
The following table gives the national- 
ity, number, and gross and net tonnage 
of the total foreign shipping, exclusive of 
coastwise, at the Port of Cienfuegos dur- 
ing 1919 and 1920: 


PORT 


1919 
Tonnage 
Nationality Number Gross Net 
American ....:-:- 220 521,743 331,580 
SREY SMG ter ra eect ee 49 168,897 102,563 
Norwegian ...... 12 18,647 11,238 
SPAMS ee) Gas ce Shes Bort 
Japanese ........ 2 10,345 6,809 
TD XO GlOL Sse pase cuetene ae 3 200 192 
DY AMM Mateos ig a 5 9 AST 6,261 
@uilyanite a et 3 4,158 2,341 
Swedish ......... oe Re ye MOT 
Honduran ........ 2 520 520 
All other nation- 
MIMS 3 ts. siete seh as 6 9,369 4,819 
MO allan sete ce ese 302 748,366 496,823 
1920 
Tonnage 
Nationality Number Gross Net 
American . 276 780,914 506,435 
ISTIGISNS seh 5 ccc 101 388,160 184,848 
Norwegian _...... 31 51,891 31,992 
SOM ANISM), Seo elo omar 8 24,987 15,902 
Japanese ........ 6 30,976 21,947 
DU Clo oes coisas acs 6 19,135 12,303 
ID BIS dee eae ieee 6 14,762 10,093 
GUAM. se sion! os. ¢ 4 4,200 2,152 
Swedish 3 8,235 4,972 
Honduran ‘ 3 633 617 
All other nation- 
MITT ESM cee ores eases 5 12,225 7,681 
BRO TANG ee 2 449 1,336,128 799,537 


The tonnage for 1920 is understood to 
represent a record for this port despite 
the present marked decline in shipping, 
covering the period from the establish- 
ment of the Cuban moratorium in October 
and the beginning of the new sugar ship- 
ments, which will probably be delayed for 
six weeks to two months. 


EXTENSION OF IMPORT EMBARGO ON 
RICE IN CUBA | 

In accordance with a decree signed by 

the Chief Executive on March 22, 1921, 

the prohibition on the importation of rice 

into Cuba, originally decreed on Septem- 

ber 7, 1920, is to remain in force until 


SO per cent. of the merchantable rice in 
Cuba at the time of the promulgation of 
the decree shall have been disposed of. 
In order to enable the authorities to as- 
certain the amount of rice in stock and 
the progress of its disposal, the decree 
provides for reports on existing stocks 
of merchantable rice within eight days 
after the promulgation of the decree and 
subsequent bi-weekly reports on _ sales. 
The requirement in regard to reports is 
restricted to holders of merchantable rice 
in amounts exceeding 500 tons at ports 
of entry. 


SPANISH DUTY ON CUBAN CIGARS 

Custom duties on Cuban cigars entering 
Spain will be in future assessed on the 
basis of the Spanish gold peseta instead 
of the silver peseta as heretofore. 

This amounts to a 50 per cent. increase 
in the duties on cigars imported to Spain. 
The new system was decided upon by the 
Compania Arrendataria de Tabacos, a 
lessee company operating under a mo- 
nopoly concession granted by the Spanish 
Government. 

Cuban manufacturers of cigars have 
cabled a protest to Madrid and have pre- 
pared a resolution for presentation to the 
Cuban State Department, asking that 
diplomatic representations be made to the 
Spanish Government. 

Cigars shipped from Havana to Spain 
in 1919 amounted in round numbers to 
11,000,000. Figures for 1920 are not avail- 
able, but estimates place the number of 
cigars sent to Spain in that year at double 
the shipments in 1919. These cigars have 
paid a duty of 48 pesetas per kilogram, 
a surtax of 12 per cent. and a 3 per cent. 
commission collected by the monopoly 
company. 


NEW STORES COMPANY 

A new stores company under the name 
of Compania Nacional de Almacenes, with 
a capital of $3,000,000, has been formed 
in Havana. The storehouses of Lluria, 
Garagol y Compania, in the port of Car- 
denas, are a part of the company’s prop- 
erty and are worth $2,000,000. 


18 THE CUBA REVIBLW 


CUBAN MARKET FOR OPTICAL GOODS 


The market in the Santiago de Cuba district for optical goods is now supplied 
almost exclusively by American manufacturers. There are no statistics available 
showing the annual imports of optical goods into this Province, In order of im: 
portance, the trade uses eyeglasses, cheap erades made up, better grades with lenses 
mounted according to examination of sight; unmounted lenses; gold and gold-filled 
and aluminum frames; and imitation shell rims for spectacles and nose glasses. 
There is a fair demand for automobile goggles, but the demand for opera and field 
glasses is limited. Lorgnettes have been in vogue in the larger cities, but their use 
has been and is relatively small. There is no demand for microscopes, excepting the 
cheaper grades of magnifying and sun glasses. 

The most popular styles of nose glasses and spectacles are the OO size rims with 
flat lenses, being considered as standard, and the 40 and 42 millimeter round rims. 
There is a good demand for rimless glasses. In the larger places meniscus or toric 
lenses are becoming more popular. Due to the prevailing bright sunlight, tinted 
lenses in neutral tints, as amber, amethyst and blue, are largely used. 


SUPPLY OF MARKET 

Today practically the only goods in the market are American-made, and the 
tendency of the trade is to consider them reliable, especially eyeglass frames, lenses 
and instruments used for examining the eyes. French opera glasses and German 
artificial eyes are still favored. American manufacturers with a little effort could 
command the trade in the latter articles. There are no obstacles in the way of 
American manufacturers in optical lines holding and extending their trade if they 
will give the demands of this market due attention, as the natives «nd most of the 
foreign dealers in these lines are favorable to American goods. I should be con- 
sidered, however, that the almost exclusive use of these goods is due in a large 
measure to restrictions of trade with Europe during the war, and that European con- 
cerns are already seeking to renew trade connections and will, as soon as oppor- 
tunities are afforded, bid strongly for Cuban business. 

The only demand for materials for domestic manufacture is fur lenses in the 
rough and uncuts, and the necessary emery, rouge, pitch, cement, etc., used in grind- 
ing and polishing. 

DISTRIBUTION OF OPTICAL GOODS 

Optical goods are distributed mainly through wholesalers located in the larger 
cities. Some goods are sold direct to the retailer by salesmen, representing the whole- 
saler or manufacturer, who carry samples only. Country districts are often supplied 
by traveling jewelers and opticians who carry stock with them. Retailers as a rule 
purchase through island wholesalers. Some retailers carry small stocks. There 
are no agencies in this district, but there are several in Havana, which distribute 
through salesmen. 

Wholesalers and manufacturers supplying this market furnish catalogues and 
other advertising matter, such as blotters, pamphlets, cuts for papers and magazines, 
and motion-picture slides, to the dealer. The printed matter is in Spanish, the lan- 
guage of the country. They are generally distributed free. This depends, however, 
on the cost of the medium used. If quite expensive, a slight charge is made. Some 
concerns send out free literature for distribution by the retailers. 

On small quantities the most practical method of shipment is by insured or 
registered parcels post (in packages not exceeding 41%, pounds each). Large orders 
should be forwarded by freight. Fault is often found in the packing of American 
goods, which in some instances is particularly careless for goods as fragil as optical 
lines, Complaints are heard also in reference to poor invoicing, which causes delays 


in the customs and is a source of annoyance and loss to the importer.—Vice Consul 


John L. Griffith, Santiago. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 19 


LUMBER MARKET IN CUBA 


Cuba takes approximately three-fourths of the lumber exports from the United 
States to the West Indies; in the case of certain items the Cuban proportion is still 
larger, haying been practically four-fifths of yellow pine in 1920. The rapid growth 
in the lumber trade with Cuba is indicated by the statistics, as yet incomplete, of 
the 1920 trade, for the total value of only 5 of the larger items is nearly 100 per cent. 
more than the total of 29 items in 1919. 


REMARKABLE GAIN IN- LUMBER EXPORTS. 

Recent gains in quantities as well as values are shown by the following table of 
exports of lumber from the United States to Cuba in 1918, 1919, and 1920, the record 
for last year including only the five large items for which complete statistics have 
been compiled : 


1918 1919 1920 
Ttems Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value 
Logs and round timber: 
NGelIOWDITLE We. Gers y cites whee M feet.. 409 $7,890 684 $29,719 68 $13,627 
lnlarakivoodl Gy dce ta keweocacoe CLO ger eae tac nee inh uk task tame gee 152 13,308 104 16,140 
SOmwpOOG, CHieiccs ocogoanouk GO Presi Wah eRees cere Motes erates 12 900 185 11,719 
Hewn timber: Hardwood...... @Osc be 1 42 4 288 38 3,826 
Sawed timber: 
inicchiepine, lone-leatsa. 5 - 5s GOs oar 8,631 234,384 4,541 146,761 6,144 262,441 
Sonbwoods other: o¢a.c6.-- dopears 1,280 25,747 17 626 410 20,501 
Boards, planks, etc.: 
(COD SSIS. 3 sea gle ene doeenr 3,345 135,619 2,674 117,167 2,368 222,172 
Rite ey eta gars eae Sack cence eee do 411 11,365 9,280 316,608 12527 625,404 
(Gira 1S oe Rone ee ae ee Gomer. W773} 32,204 577 22,773 579 33,620 
OBIE a siclestiee tore teense a eee doseer 24 1,660 294 11,244 52 7,637 
arte es Wis se acaiat le. Ssvene ss aoe dopant 4,211 201,096 5,491 264,831 6,894 505,018 
Fine, yellow, pitch— 
Womealeats wy. lecieestyouess becuse do.... 168,753 4,873,939 154,843 5,431,858 253,959 13,935,321 
lO @attheaarewarciek umn See eye Goo 5c 2,406 67,919 1,709 55,449 2,603 129,313 
ANI Gitte tee cme ee eae GlOsc5H 2,860 71,588 B99) 116,744 4,656 334,984 
Ro plagher tress sce seas s 8 Goan c 724 24,7596 248 9,442 325 21,100 
ReGhinootal ser tas eet eee aes GOoeon 490 16,944 434 20,632 184 18,071 
SPECS a ats Boe E Ee es eee Glo 5 5 87 3,494 1,525 47,737 1,041 72,343 
SOpewoocsssotheras.,) sesso. doen 486 9,577 31 1,102 1,520 101,141 
HtamcwwiOO ds emcees cesta. 2 sacks dOsece 305 14,131 359 16,548 266 38,134 
Sinnimell@Ss — 2 cqessiarcio capes Gleeson ne neni M.. WAG ~- 714 454 2,968 236 10235 
MP torany etaertc eee Chee = atia)a.s Pain sys. 3)/5spcrls,ereeato) | Breceeere tele LD Si Gr pate aeNe sea LS layin seacbosatere 23,257 
ID GOMES ASIC LO Se eo. cicncdewi eect Ge cts) he eee TEES G rs ax renee ses BA OSB pee a arte ee seer 69,648 
Gre ITO OLS ree deveteete Sitscea ad. felons <iareueter, 1S eechereiés DOO MNG Le eiseerae GOV = Sea wen 1,248,954 
@oopesdsemm-nts-. ees Number. 1733074 221,431 227,939 261,130 168,395 279,102 
SIM@OLSy in CHU Sees doz... L0U:842 48,519 151,874 58,068 22,222 12,761 
SAE SIN stores Mepay sic ces ede Sele unre Se Omen os7225020 138,919 1,707,686 108,777 = 8,090,548 286,787 
iHlemabiine: “3 ied aipcie ctee Pere rene OIE oan Seer THUSES 0 Oren ae rah oe 78,307 Roa ecners 142,616 
OMS ep OLGUMN SS) rapa scl ne wie erste cS eiselenn, ” ecaieisiers AS TAS Oley edeeveserel els SSMS) = Tees cee D 82,941 
iRemlir@aGl (HESS Rabb oeooae nee number... 471,713 536,908 319,224 412,347 621,230 1,464,426 
MIRC frclll erway srcctiec strap te ae, ee ola: ANI ae 7p OA 702 9" cecond SOO) Saoaees $19,984,239 


Despite the business depression in Cuba in the latter part of 1920, due largely to 
the fall in the price of sugar, certain items in the lumber trade showed an increase 
in quantity over the record of the corresponding period in the preceding year. For in- 
stance, the shipments of railroad ties in December, 1920, amounted to 136,8C9 ties, 
valued at $296,523, compared with 58,941, worth $86,080, in December, 1919. On the 
other hand, exports to Cuba of yellow pitch pine (long leaf) in boards and planks 
were 5,471,000 feet, valued at $317,004, in December, 1920, while in December, 1919, 
they amounted to 20,500,000 feet, valued at $828,808. The exports for the entire year 
1920 show Cuba as the world’s largest purchaser of American yetiow pine boards, 
Argentina being second with less than half of Cuba’s receipts, and Mexico third with 
somewhat more than a third of Cuba’s record. 

The conditions affecting the market for American Jumber in various sections of 
Cuba, together with notes on the production, consumption, and exportation of native 
woods, appear in the following extracts from reports of American consuls: 


CIENFUEGOS IMPORTS PINE AND EXPORTS MAHOGANY. 

Consul Frank Bohr reports a good demand for lumber in Cienfuegos. One of the 
most important items of lumber imports, pitch pine, comes almost exclusively from 
the Gulf ports of the United States and from Jacksonville, Fla., though one cargo 
was recently received from the west coast. Comparatively little building was done 


20 THE CUBA REVIEW 


in 1920, as builders were waiting for the priges of material and labor to go down, 
With the return of normal conditions, Cienfuegos will undoubtedly continue to be a 
large market for lumber and for articles manufactured of wood. 

Some mahogany grown in the Cienfuegos district is sent to Havana for export. 
Hlowever, there is so much demand for mahogany in the larger Cuban cities that 
comparatively little is available for export, Local exporters of mahogany ship by 
schooners from the nearest seaports. Mahogany is cut principally in the interior 


places, such as Camaguey and Ciego de Avila. 


LUMBER AT CARDENAS AND CAIMANERA—NATIVE HARDWOODS FOR 
PURNITURE. 

At Cardenas a lack of native timber leads to the importation of considerable 
quantities of American lumber, says Consular Agent George A. Mnakinson. Yellow 
pine from both the east and west coasts of Florida comprises the bulk of the lum- 
ber imports, but small shipments of white pine occasionally come from northern 
ports, particularly New York. In addition to the usual demand for building mate- 
rial, quantities of lumber are ordered for local barge and car construction and for 
furniture making. Mahogany logs are shipped from Caimanera or Poqueron, in sizes 
from S inches square up and 8S feet up in length, reports Consular Agent Ralph 
Conrad. In measuring, the full length of the log is taken first, and then the cireum- 
ference at the middle. If round, every 5 inches of circumference equals 1 inch square. 
Both round and square logs are sold according to Cuban measurements. 

Practically all the furniture manufactured in Matanzas is made from native wood, 
reports Vice Consul Thomas MecEnelly. The cost of the domestic hardwood is not 
only less than that of imported fine woods, but it gives better results, since it is im- 
mune to the attacks of the comejen or boring ant of the tropics which is destructive to 
wood imported from more temperate climates. For these reasons there is no market 
here for imported fine woods, but lumber of other kinds was imported through 
Matanzas in the fiscal year 1916-17 to the amount of 1,038,722 kilos valued at $45,063, 
and in 1917-18 to the quantity of 181,685 kilos valued at $17,350. 

Vice Consul John L. Griffith, of Santiago, reports that the principal lumber 
imports are barrel shooks, used in making containers for honey, molasses, and rum. 
The lumber shipments from Santiago include mahogany, cedar, and lignum-vitze. In 
the Isle of Pines the recent demand for lumber has led to the development of the 
lumbering industry. The island has large areas of pine timber. 


NAMES AND USES OF SOME CUBAN WOODS 
The Cuban Agricultural Station, in charge of Dr. Juan T. Roig, has published a 
list of about 500 varieties of native woods of Cuba. The following extract gives the 
common names, characteristics, and uses of some of the more important woods: 


Woods Description Uses 

0: See Hard, heavy, fine grain....... In anchors, signs, balustrades, ete. 

Semumeene Costa............ Fine, shell Jikesa22s.seeeeee Veneer work, canes, 

[amoede Costa............ Takes. fine polish. 2)emeeeeeeee Cabinet work, cooperage. 

Meamo earbonero ........... Hard, brittle, non-decaying. Veneer, musical instruments, umbrella han- 

' Black at heart, same as ebony. dles, ete. 

Granadillo od --Very fine .<. 32) Castanets, cabinet work, instruments. 

Guayacan BRIE Ros a ee Very hard and resistant........ Machinery, mortars, water vessels, ete. 

ee Said to petrify in water........ Posts, crossties, piles, etc. 

Mabon de Sabana ......... Hard, resembling ebony........ Underflooring, water wheels, ete. Also 
used as fuel. 

Mangle colorado ....... .-.Red, hard, non-decaying in Wharves, etc. Also as fuel. 

water. 

Mangle prieto ............. Black, hard resistant. Ship construction, wharves, all hydraulic 
works. 

Quebracho «+e-e+--.......-Said to petrify in water........ Pilework, posts, crossties, etc. 

sapien Wuysitoma............ Durable, adapted to naval con- Cane mills, cart hubs, naval work. 


struction. 
Yaiti ’ a E 
ZUR 6 Aho 7 ane oS ee Strong and durable............ Crossbeams, fences, stakes, etc. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 21 


TRAFFIC RECEIPTS OF CUBAN RAILROADS 


KARNINGS OF THE CUBA RAILROAD COMPANY. 


The earnings of the Cuba Railroad for the month of December and six months 
ended December 31st, 1920, compare as follows : 


1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 
December gross....... $1,373,421 $1,158,179 $772,172 $1,043,086 $517,402 $513,369 
Bimpenses: (0) vec 1,352,449 873,299 649,663 680,369 465,280 265,990 
Wecemiber Net... 2-5... 20,971 284,879 122,508 362,716 52,122 247,378 
Other WNCOME=25 15 se 10,783 21,784 12,580 1,305 GOL S25 Uae 
Netineome!..°-.:.. 22. 31,754 306, 664 135,088 364,022 1024 sae 
Fixed charges......... 108,606 103,030 95,191 166,370 95,133 86,179 
Other interest charges . . VAD Bi res AO OAS Pe Sore cree Rigs ee soa ka oe ete 
December surplus... .. . 78,310 203,634 27,855 197,651 42,109 161,199 

From July rst: 

Six months gross. .... $6,891,095 $6,322,136 $4,966,425 $4,551,515 $3,175,176 $2,540,298 
Six months net ........ 815,813 1,521,672 1,019,080 1,136,273 983,087 1,111,582 
Other income.......... 158,912 68,395 76.465 7,923 O55 ue eeete eee 
Fixed charges ......... 681,171 602,814 569,595 635,638 538,973 452,748 
Other interest charges . . SRST reamed WIE OGG oS lene. clstarey ia eck onckaa Caen oer 
Six months surplus...... $1,343,600 $987,253 $454,284 $508,558 $449,159 $658,834 


The earnings of the Cuba Railroad for the month of January and for seven months 
ended January 31st, 1921, compare as follows : 


1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 
January gross.....-... $1,606,385 $1,158,100 $1,166,270 $1,231,834 $761,118 691,479 
Expenses......- SRS 1,238,357 869, 164 901,427 777,663 552,582 292,181 
January net........... 376,090 303,253 277,099 455,789 210,963 405,296 
Other income......... 8,062 14,317 12,255 1,618 2,027 6,097 
Net earnings.......... 368,028 288,935 264,843 454,171 208,435 399,198 
Fixed charges.......... 108,487 102,910 95,070 105,551 95,012 87,120 
Other interest charges. . 4,818 3,264 MASA Ty FSO epeiuaaty ae oxic oat ee a aes 
January surplus. ...... 262,784 197,078 169,987 390,238 115,950 =318,175 
From July rst 
Seven months gross.... 8,497,481 7,480,237 6,132,695 5,783,350 3,936,295 3,231,778 
Seven months net...... 447,784 1,810,608 1,283,924 1,590,444 1,191,514 1,510,781 
Other income.......... 166,974 82,713 88,720 9,542 7,582 6,097 
Rixedicharges.s.-......: 789,658 705,725 664, 665 741,189 633,986 539,869 
Other interest charges. . 10,346 3,264 SPO Bt oe esa cee pe net ee ee ee 


Seven months surplus... $1,080,815 $1,184,331 $624,271 $858,797 $565,110 $977,009 


EARNINGS OF THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA. 


Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 
Week ending Feb. 5......... £165,707 £47,298 £75,531 £83,337 £60,884 £59,783 
Week ending Feb. 12......... 168,608 91,707 84,346 90,464 54,800 59,337 
Week ending Feb. 19......... 176,634 97,495 85, 202 91,119 56,593 61,003 
Week ending Feb. 26..... ... 181,795 98,258 90,820 92,742 60,733 60,829 
Week ending Mar. 5......... 190,660 84,957 38,951 93,236 61,623 59,997 
Week ending Mar. 12......... 185,601 100,549 37,967 93,769 62,463 61,089 
Week ending Mar.19......... 172,859 100,871 92,148 88,932 65,529 65, 134 
Week ending Mar. 26......... 183,523 97,423 91,313 88,002 66,579 60,792 


NOTE: The earnings for 192t include the receipts of the Cuban Central Railways and the Western Railway 
of Havana, which have been amalgamated with the United Railways. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


EARNINGS OF THE CUBAN CENTRAL RAILWAYS. 


Weekly Receipts : 1921 1920 1919 1918 
Week ending Feb. 5......... £41,613 £28,813 £35,042 Osi. Ext 
Week ending Feb. 12......... 45,800 46,987 37,011 Sfshaly ye: 
Week ending Feb.19......-... 49,571 41,383 37,417 37,796 
Week ending Feb.26 ........ 49,533 43,745 36,549 38,733 
Week ending Mar. 5......... 56,652 48,920 31,610 41,451 


EARNINGS OF THE HAVANA ELECTRIC RAILWAY, LIGHT & 


1917 1916 

30,006 £25,080 
28,805 ~ 26,959 
28,958 26,992 
30,553 27,369 
30,671 26,658 


POWER CO. - 


January 1920: 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 
(GROSS GANNINPS... i2-'.. 505s $1,089,076 $883,118 $726,358 $645,010 $547,487 $492,074 
Operating expenses.......... 638,180 437,055 378,319 .282,302 229,965 186,285 
INGE GardINPS eo aces cc a <'s 450,896 446,063 348,039 363,708 317,522 305,789 
Miscellaneous income......... 6,265 6,052 9,011 8,847 6,368 9,794 

Total net income ......... $457,161 $452,115 $357,050 $371,555 $323,890 $315,583 
Surplus after deduct.fixed chgs. 223,355 207,379 161,920 238,954 192,012 200,192 

EARNINGS OF THE HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY. 

Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 
RGR OMIND Palle S29 =: 5 how's, Se Salas ens ee £15,964 411,614 
Wy TIMI ASL, ets ora. Saas, «we wg sine See 16,170 12,273 
Wigner Jan 20 i ie ees oo 17,985 11,431 
eee a) a ne ana es 17,163 12,053 
(SES Re 16,538 13,206 
Be TT OPO SS Oo nls cae one Cae 16,833 12,767 
MMR enn BOW. 26. Sc vr ae. yetak 16,915 13,312 
WEG RC ENICNID REAE PE))..<)-tcy2 20s vic. ee seats ote = 17,278 13,407 
Prcea enn Mat 19) ose, sna fas tes Ses 17,474 13,947 
MRGGRCONGIn Wat 21.0.5 eo oe ements 16,973 13,023 
AV CGRAENOIND MAP 26s = 5.40% date 12 arose cynere = 16,878 13,650 

EARNINGS OF THE CAMAGUEY AND NUEVITAS RAILROAD. 
Statement of Earnings and Expenses for Month of December 1920 
1920-21 1919-20 
eenenings. Sct fet tsp eee $117,898.78 $131,811.98 
PeemamID CXPCNSES. « . \r2-c.yephais oa Se ee eer 161,053.08 93,170.11 
RERIMOATTIINOS..... . . 2. . esi eee enero 43,154.30 38,641.87 
eMeINCOMeC........ .. «sie Henn eee ee 38.33 am Saieieein 
BeGIICOMIG ..........-..-250 3) ee 43,115.97 38,641.87 
Sees sor Month ................9 ee $43,115.97 $38,641.87 
Gross earnings from July 1... -.<--2 eee $811,094.75 $807,093.80 
Net earnings ‘(jae rr 84,185.12 299,043.94 
Other income ‘(ee 2,489.93  . - | 
MG . $81,752.19 $299,043.94 
Statement of Earnings and Expenses for Month of January 1921 
1920-21 1919 20 
BEEEOETINES.. 2... $180,909.45 $148,402.15 
Syperanine’ expenses .......,0i......:. ween eee 149,910.00 100,960.44 
OT er 30,999.45 47,441.71 
MEMEIEAING a ll ee 179:33:  .-..-2>9 2 |e 
a Seas 47,441.71 
Pereonth.................. $31,178.78 $47,441.71 
Gross earnings from July 1....... a $992,004.20 $955,495.95 
ee 53,185.67 346,485.65 
MMII Se... dice eee 2:612:26:__ = 2) eee 
OO a ae > - TSO ares $346,485.65 


THE CUBA REVIEW 23 
CUBAN FINANCIAL MATTERS 
THE PREVAILING PRICES FOR CUBAN SECURITIES 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York. 

Republic Or Cubasimterior WZoaneoa 7, BONdS..3c. 1. <i oes cae ee ee : a g gts 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944................... 80% 81 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949.........5.......... 79 o 81 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 442% Bonds of 1949................. 69 val 
Rawanda, City. Wirst Morteace GZ Bonds. 22.03 2. ec eee ce eee soe 85 95 
Brayana City Second Mortgage 6% Bonds..:.............-.. RTC 85 95 
Cupasivail Tord se rererred— StOCkKeners circ cos cee hess we ha ye ceri eee es 45 52 
Cuba Railroad Co. First Mortgage 5% Bonds of 1952................ FG 7914 
CubaeCompanyvaG7eWebenture: BONIS cece cece elects 2 sem ce det es « 1D a5 
ups Company «7 Cumulative -Preterred Stock yi o5. 52... nse eee ee 75 85 
Havana Electric Ry. Co. Consolidated Mortgage 5% Bonds............ 75 80 
Havana Hlectric Ry., Light & Power Co. Preferred Stock............. 95 100NI 
Havana Electrie Ry., Light & Power Co. Common Stock.............. 85 9ONI 
Cuban-American Sugar C€o: Preferred” Stok: s.....---..-..-2-c2-s.0c. 92 Sale 
Cuban-American Sugar Co; (Common Stock... .....---2- s+ 2--o.+se5e ee 23% Sale 
Guantanamo Sugar Co, Stock......... LS 2 ey amicus keel OG 


CUBAN-AMERICAN SUGAR CO. 

The National City Company, New York, 
is offering $10,000,0GCO in ten-year S per 
cent. sinking fund first mortgage bonds 
of the Cuban-American Sugar Company 
at par. 

The bonds are a direct obligation of 
the Cuban-American Sugar Company and 
are secured by about $16,000,000 in first 
mortgage bonds of subsidiary companies, 
representing property valued at approxi- 
mately $34,000,000. Under the terms of 
the agreement, the company is to main- 
tain a sinking fund of $250,00G quarterly, 
to purchase bonds in the open market up 
to and including 105. Any money pro- 
vided for the sinking fund and not used 


will revert to the company. The issue is 


callable in whole but not in part at 
107%. 


The company further agrees to main- 
tain net quick assets equal to the value 
of outstanding bonds at all times. The 
company’s earnings last year were in the 
neighborhood of $19,116,000, before pro- 
vision was made for Federal taxes, and 
the five-year average of earnings avail- 
able for taxes and dividends was about 
$11,600,000: The smallest earnings re- 
turned in any one year in the last five 
was about $8,000,000. Proceeds of the 
bonds will be used to reduce outstanding 
bank loans and to give the company addi- 
tional working capital. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
An issue of $6,000,009 in United Rail 
ways of Havana fifteen-year 7% per cent. 
equipment trust gold certificates is being 
offered by Dillon, Read & Co., New York, 
at 99 and interest. 


This financing is indication of the shift- 
ing of financial burdens from London to 
New York, for the United Railways of 
Havana is owned by British interests and 
all financing has been done in the Lon- 
don market. The certificates will be is- 
sued under the Philadelphia plan and the 
equipment trust will follow the 
general rule the equipment trusts 
created by the Canadian National Railways 
and Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, whose 
equipment issues were sold by the same 
bankers. This plan will provide that the 
company must purchase and retire $200,- 
G00 certificates each six months if avail- 
able in the market at or below 103 for 
the first ten years and thereafter at or be- 
low 102% until maturity. To the extent 
that certificates are not so obtainable the 
company may pay cash to the trustee to 
be invested in United States Government 
securities maturing not later than the 
maturity of the issue, 


Salle 


as 


The certificates will be issued for ap- 
proximately only 55 per cent. of the cost 
of the equipment, all of which was pur- 
chased in the United States. 


24 THE CUBA REVI W 


SANTA CECILIA SUGAR CORPORATION 
ANNUAL REPORT AND GENERAL BALANCH SHEET 
YEAR ENpED JuLy 31, 1920 
To the Stockholders : 

The following report of operations of your Corporation during the last  fiseal 

year, with General Balance Sheet annexed, is respectfully submitted : 
Grinding began December 29, 1919, and ended May 6, 1920, during which period 
the factory ground 58,951 Spanish tons of cane of 2,500 Ibs. each, and made 56,750 
bags of sugar of 820 Ibs. each. The yield of sugar was 12.609 per cent. of the weight 
of cane, the average polarity of the sugar being 95.53 degrees. Molasses produced 
was 455.268 gallons of 28.77 degrees polarity. 

Gross income from sugar sales amounted to $1,609,314.45; from molasses sales 
and miscellaneous sources $31,373.98. Cost of production, including repairs and 
replacements, aggregated $1,299,509.96, The gross profits were $341,178.42, After 
deducting $104,480.94 for depreciation at the same rates as heretofore, $63,236.07 for 
interest on current and funded debt, and $9,683.95 reserve for income taxes, the net 

The unprecedented drought experienced over the entire Island of Cuba during the 
normal cane growing period resulted in curtailed production, while costs of labor 
and material were extremely high throughout the year, 

The sum of $96,759.50 was expended for the retirement of $100,000 principal 
amount of First Mortgage Bonds, reducing the amount outstanding to $500,000 as 
shown in Balance Sheet. 

Capital Expenditures for the year were $139,751.64, distributed as follows: Fac- 
tory Improvements completed and in process, $46,100.87; Railroad and Equipment, 
$78,410.20: Field Equipment, ete., $11,188.45; Miscellaneous Improvements, $4,052.02. 

Net expenditures for new cane plantings during the year amounted to $9,910.38. 

Weather conditions throughout the district this season have been favorable, and 
a good crop for the coming year is reasonably assured. Your property has been well 
maintained and all factory and plantation equipment is in excellent condition. 

To the regret of the Board of Directors, Mr. M. H. Lewis, on July 22, 1920, 
resigned as President. Occasion is here taken to express appreciation of devoted 
service rendered your corporation by Mr. Lewis over a long period of years. 

By authority of the Board of Directors. 

C. B. Goopricn, 


President. 
GENERAL BALANCE SHEET 
Juny 31, 1920 
ASSETS 
PROPERTY AND PLANT: 
Piantation 10,617 acres, of which 4,765 acres are in 
use for cane; 1,000 acres for pastures, and 118 
acres for bateyes; with roads, bridges, fences, ete., 
MG DOOK COSt 2... 6. 66 oe wn w wens oon $2,476,808.12 
Buildings, Machinery, Railroad and Equipment..... 978,880.65 
Work Animals, per Inventory, July 31, 1920........ 44,671.08 
muito Trucks, etc. ........ 0.0.5... eee Vays pila: $3,515,691.43 
[INVESTMENTS IN OTHER COMPANIES—AT OOST......:.... 4,250.00 


CURRENT ASSETS AND GROWING CANE: 
Planted and Growing Cane ...27..-. 55 enn eee $212,309.47 
Advances to Colonos and Contractors............... 20,180.59 


Maberigis and Supplies .........0. see 147,429.83 
Sugar on Hand—all contracted for—at estimated net 

(UCU CR SOC rE tae ee 207,931.46 
MECOUUISMIRLCCELVADIE: .......0 2% cde ddan eee 17,808.34 


a. she ‘ais acaiie aie tsi elec eee ene 38,641.80 644,301.49 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


25 


TREASURY. STOCK : 


Preferred—1,318 shares acquired from Reorganiza- 


Mon SOMmImMIUtCe w]e eee $ 1.00 
Preferred TS2ZESHANES als COSb- aac ee ia hele eee 3,267.50 
LEH OOMSIN AMOS iaatinns ts ses ctei ne eeoie eon aps eee aes as 13,268.50 
DEFERRED CHARGES: 
WinexspinedsImsuranCe 5 a che cree eick eis oie soins oils $ 8,115.24 
Repairs Applicable to 1920-1921 Crop.............. 25,881.21 33,996.45 
$4,211 ,507.87 
LIABILITIES 
CAPITAL StockK—Authorized and Issued: 
7% Cumulative Preferred—10,000 shares of $100 
CBO G SIF Shes BRI HIE eet PDO OET GORE ACE PEEL Cryer ae $1,000,000.00 
Common—105,000 shares without nominal or par 
VUINLOte masiea Neveusoe tora sare pe eaeal ates Ric toate KaceSeeo nee. Us. BiRNa Lette es 1,750,000.00 $2,750,000.00 
FIRST MORTGAGE 6% SINKING FUND GOLD BONDS—DUE 1927: 
PMUTPMORIZEM AMG: SSIES ais cet es tic terse es tereisieie coer ece $750,000.00 
Less—Redeemed and Cancelled .................... 250,000.00 500,000.00 
CURRENT LIABILITIES : 
INO G Shaler DV UL Cit rsceyes olcbsteush ones elon ce Meare ioe ara ere elec $355,000.00 
ANCOR See) EXE VT Ol SW cei lg Pee ts se gue es rs ety 188,212.93 
PNG GUC Citi WAS OSiie wane soccnoashascusvcue toisin etenanccl tors lew icisiGhe ie cae 928.08 
PANGS LOT RES CES Bers eeaiarola iG aeeecb Bye Gee ae ee Cae ee ote 1,579.90 545,720.91 
RESERVE FOR CUBAN AND FEDERAL INCOME TAXES......... 9,683.95 
RESERVES FOR DEPRECIATION : 
ME munAGnmnine IBIBINE Sooscodcescuudoocebucaocuuess $81,095.88 
HTSUS Sipe Berea ses reper tie heels) cue eich Fe ove ley oeises Se aoe aeRO ROR eee oh 32,989.24 
Rvalrondsand es rolline Stocks seer senses soe ores sas. 27,315.80 141,400.42 
SURPLUS: 
Balance per last statement.......................- $312,535.31 
Deduct—Income and Profits Taxes in 
respect of the year ended July 31, 
TOTO anda pLOGE yeacseee eee eee $40,879.58 
Expenses in liquidation of sugar and 
molasses on hand at July 31, 1919, 
in excess of estimates.............. 14,980.60 55,860.18 
$256,675.13 
Add——Net Profit for year... 06 heb nece ss othe epee eee 163,777.46 
$420,452.59 
Deduct—Dividends declared and paid: 
RrererredStOCk s2-.s5625 oo e08. es oo. 959;500/00 
Com» ISiOGkK sgonosc cds doccs cs closes. 96,250.00 155,750.0C 264,702.59 
$4,211,507.S7 


GUANTANAMO SUGAR COMPANY 


FIFTEENTH 
FOR THE 


ANNUAL REPORT 


FiscaAn YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1920) 


To the Stockholders of the Guantanamo Sugar Company : 


The Directors beg to submit the accounts of your Company for the year ending 
September 380, 1920, and a copy of the balance sheet, together with the report of the 
General Manager on the operations of the Company is attached. 


THE CUBA RNREVIBW 


The amount of cane ground was 332,655 tons and sugar made 3S,570 tons, as 
compared with 527,692 tons cane ground and 57,348 tons sugar made in 1919. The 
small crop of this year was due to the extreme drought experienced during the 
growing season, The average rainfall was only 28.02 inches, G9 per cent. of normal, 

In spite of the small output of sugar, the financial results of last year’s operations 
are the best in the Company’s history. The gross Profits were $3,194,1G4.89, from 
which has been charged off $454,016.46 to cover depreciation on buildings, machinery 
and equipment and for replanting cane ; proportion of difference befween actual cost 
and pre-war cost of capital expenditures made in 1918, $33,479.39 and $960,000.C0 
ror taxes, leaving a net profit of $1,806,669.04, 

At a special meeting the stockholders, who were represented by proxy, voted 
unanimously to authorize the issue of five shares of stock of no par value for each 
share of $50.00 par value then outstanding. In accordance with this vote, certificates 
for stock of no par value have been exchanged for certificates of the old stock. Your 
stock has also been listed on the New York Stock Exchange. 

Regular quarterly dividends were paid at the rate of 10 per cent. annually for 
the quarters ending December 31, March 31, and June 80. An extri dividend of 
$5.00 per share was paid on June 30, Since the authorization of the no par value 
stock there has been paid a regular dividend of 50 cents per share and an extra 
dividend of 50 cents for the quarter ending September 30. The capital outlay for 
the year for additions and improvements to your property amounted to $420,301.67, 
as specified in the General Manager’s report. 

Betterments include additional houses for employees and school and welfare 
buildings. In the factories a new crusher and engine have been installed at Soledad, 
an additional evaporator body at Ysabel and the boiler replacements at Ysabel and 
Los Canos have been completed. 

A number of important improvements will be ready for operation at the beginning 
of the coming crop. <All mills will have a crusher and twelve rolls. A mill which 
has been moved from Central Ysabel has been installed as a fourth mill at Soledad. 
At Ysabel an entirely new crusher and twelve-roller mill is now being installed. It 
is anticipated that considerably better results will be obtained at these factories on 
account of these improvements, 

There is anticipated a very considerable saving to the Company in fuel cost, for 
a favorable contract for the purchase of fuel oil to fill our requirements has been 
entered into. The Guantanamo Railroad has formerly burned coal which can be 
brought to Cuba only at very high cost. For the coming season the railway locomo- 
tives have been equipped to burn fuel oil. There has been installed the necessary 
equipment of tanks and burners so that fuel oil may also be used at the factories. 

Taken as a whole the past season has been one of unusual prosperity, your 
factories haye been greatly improved and your Company is in very strong financial 
position. The prospects are that the coming crop will be considerably larger than 
that of the past year. 

By order of the Board of Directors. 

JAMES H. Post, 
Vice-President. 
BALANCE SHEET SEPTEMBER 30, 1920 
ASSETS 
COST OF PROPERTIES: 


Real estate, cane lands, buildings, equipment and other permanent 


MOVESEMCN(S ........00 000 ce ce ee cee .  $5,688,346.89 
Deduct—Betterments charged to surplus, July 1, 1911, to June 30, 
MSPRED ne ee ware ee ee ee mee tp ee + 425,643.07 


$5,262,703.82 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Ce 


rd 


CURRENT AND WORKING ASSETS: 


Growing crop carried over to 1920-1921 season $437,236.91 
Inventories : 
Raw sugar on hand—162 bags............. $3,540.67 
IMIOUAS SOG ae caoreh hs cnene nate cea rotetituetereh sale Ges auaoh gies one 2,743.17 
Stores and supplies in stock and in transit, 
ARC OS ar eeeresiale ts ee INC ceae ts ea mayaLe icin nme 924,880.63 
Materials and spare parts, at cost.......... 99,405.88 1,030,570.35 
IMSUINNGS Whe NOR, GWE canodboaneuccasasas 70,263.93 
Sundry accounts receivable and advances to 
Colonos, less reserves ............ 1S ic ae eae $20,394.99 
LN WESTMENTS aby COST sine oiuctelooccs ¢ ciets svensiee oscars 1,714,438.46 
Cash in bank and on hand (New York and 
(COUT FA se aleren rel Serene ay erue one cdi er arena Arcee ee 100,925.62 
LIABILITIES 
CAPITAL STOCK: 
Authorized—300,060 shares of no par value 
Issued and outstanding: 
123, 335 SIMGNHES Ole 1aVOy joe we SoadooucndcdsudcGHeuoEe $1,233,350.00 
35,333 Shares of unconverted $50 par value. stock 
(CONGRESS) Where BES Sic comrade tows mises ene, cuecenete mie ceactetente ostecee cheuens 1,766,650.00 
CURRENT LIABILITIES : 
Seal eat HIG PtetgS UIA TO AT Clem yatta nirete uate cca tal ener ore ebeneaGcsa cee ele iene eo scaleus $ 45,000.00 
PN ECOMMES DAV VOLE Us hi cy acts voteete evalcte bsretevcmrs cise enue sb. hiee sors 269,748.51 
Provision for taxes and contingencies.................. 910,530.43 


UNEXPENDED FUNDS: 


For 1920 dead season current repairs and maintenance... § 75,000.00 


For depreciation and extraordinary repairs............. 984,423.99 
Horidepreciation Of live StOCkK: . ..)....+ s+ cis. 2. - sles ee 91,990.17 
SESE OGRE To) ear tal Suter apcin ca atcechncs teuePekereusucvsteyaleh ccercia eve rows Gok, woeee ae 428,889.09 
SURPLUS: 
Balance at September 30, 1919......................... $3,091,482.08 
Add—Profit on operations for the year as per account 
BVDV SSE Leuk ales Seay cs etl ear erie a ents eves ew gil UN aN eee ee 1,806,669.04 
$5,344,151.12 
IDEGIAKG =| Diba Ves nVOlsh Coeeiniciaic. a cea ied Oe ICoMOr amon reas §25,000.00 


$3,000,000.00 


1,225,278.94 


4,519,151.12 


PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT 
For THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1920 


GUiCso.os 66 $7,796,161.80 
51,691.80 


Gross sugar sales, less sea freight, commissions, 
Molasses sales 


Deduct—Producing and manufacturing costs and shipping 
expenses, including New York and Guantanamo office 
ERISIMGOS Sccsoooococgndcaoogdsogvacsogacuouauoecugne 

Profit on operations, before providing for deprecia- 
tion of mills and equipment or for replanting of 
cane 


CoO eb oOo s OOOO ON 005 00005 G10 :O.0 DIO O1ONG 60-0 0°00) GC O5010 0 


$10,324,733.31 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Add: fost ates 
WATOPTORE CTICE) m coon s nio.6 comp nie aca) ots Baer ernis! Coote olnaren Clete $152,122.57 
ori: Ml 01 (7) arin een irk eee re Cry) WO acia 0 Ec 125,940.94 
Miscallaneous (UCC) © Aris Were seis gm ewe, wives o> ou iggnoeia tips 128,092 60 
404,156.11 
$3,194, 164.89 
Deduct—Vrovision for depreciation of mills and equip- 
ment and for replanting of cane........-..+-.eeeeeees 454,016.46 
$2,740,148.48 
Deduct—Provision for taxes and contingencies, estimated 900,000.00 
$1,840,148.48 
Deduct—Approximately one-third of the difference be- 
tween pre-war and actual cost of new work charged 
to capital during the year ending September 30, 191S.. 33,479.39 
PEGUELON... VOR ee st te cece ect tine whe aeinicte chemi: $1,806,669,04 
GUANTANAMO RAILROAD COMPANY 
BALANCE SHEET JUNE 30, 1920 
ASSETS 
CAPITAL ASSETS: 
Cost of road, land, buildings, rolling stock, equipment, ete. 2, 263,123.48 
WoORKING ASSETS: 
TESLA cota Pie ae, cone ie oan ees are 6 deere sates ot UNS rst eee eens $ 6,236 35 
Merrell ATE SUP PLLOS: were orsiere + <i vcovsiinis rosettes Sucre hapeotetereaats $7,649.86 
[balsfhins bate swag i De(s'-q0] 02 Be een A Sen Ae Pe ec aictenc a Se Sis ce 1,930.34 
95,816.55 
CURRENT ASSETS: 
Accounts receivable, including Claims, cash, et¢........... 125,875.96 
$2,484,815.99 
LIABILITIES 
CAPITAL STOCK: 
Authorized—10,000 shares of $100 each................. $1,000,000.00 
Less— 11 sharesamissued2- os see =e eee oe 1,100.00 
9,989 shares outstandime@ 22. .2----e eee $ 998,900.00 
MOAN — GUANTANAMO SUGAR COMPANY = eeeeE eee eee $ 788,198.23 
Current accounts ........20ssnee eee 111,503.28 
899,701.61 
CURRENT LIABILITIES : 
oan, repayable in services. ...... ste eeeeeeeee $ 93,013.82 
mudited vouchers unpaid ....... 2h. .&1cse icine ere renenetene 31,856.88 
Mascellaneous accounts payable -. 2.22 sees see 15,581.86 
ed 139,952.56 
RESERVES : 
Por maintenance of way and structures. -.....-.+s.-s22 9) OD, p00 
Hor maintenance of equipment...25-.-5 -s5)eeeeee eee 115,812.06 
mer depreciation ...........0- cose eee eee 52,854.72 
MEISGEHANCOUS ........ 62.0 wee ss 0 5 phen See 19,937.18 
— 243,957.37 
SURPLUS: 
maancerat June 30, 1919:...:..J.5.5 see eee $ 201,476.17 
Add—Profit for year ending June 30, 1920............ $28.28 
——___—_—_—— 202,304.45 


$2,484,815.99 


Teen CU Bea] FE VL BW. 29 


THE SUGAR INDUSTRY 


CUBA’S INCOME FROM SUGAR 

Cuba’s income from sugar and molasses 
crop was $1,005,451,0S0, the average sell- 
ing 11.95 cents per pound and molasses 3 
cents per gallon. 

Up to February 1, sugar mills to the 
number of 152 had begun grinding the 
1921 crop, compared to 185 on the same 
date last year. 

A number of these have since shut 
down, owing to financial difficulties, cane 
shortage or labor shortage. It is esti- 
mated that 330,891 tons of sugar of the 
present and last crops are now in ware- 
houses in Cuba for sale. 

According to statistics of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, last year’s sugar 
production in Cuba was 3,735,425 tons, 
or a falling off compared to the previous 
crop of 274,312 tons. 

By provinces, Pinar de Rio increased 
its yield 5.77 per cent. and Camaguey 
4.85 per cent. The other provinces showed 
decrease in production—Havana 7.15 per 
cent., Matanzas 14.76 per cent., Santa 
Clara 3.16 per cent., and Oriente 15.46 
per cent. 

The average production of sugar by 
weight as compared to weight of cane 
was 10.99, against 10.76 for the previous 
crop. The mills having modern ma- 
chinery secured a production of 11 pounds 
of sugar to 100 of cane. 


CANE WAX 

The West India Committee Circular 
prints the following interesting article on 
cane wax: 

It is a well-known fact that the sugar- 
cane contains amongst its constituents, 
other than sugar, a considerable quantity 
of a wax which, when purified, resembles 
Carnauba wax, and is consequently an 
extremely valuable product. It exists to 
a varying extent in the cane, and is most 
apparent in the rind. Indeed, some va- 
rieties of cane owe their external ap- 
pearance of “bloom” to its presence. The 
wax finds its way into the juice during 
the milling, and is found in the filter-press 
cake, in which it exists to a considerable 


extent, 10 per cent. of the crude wax being 
no uncommon proportion. On the aver- 
age, it may be stated that 100,000 tons of 
cane would yield in the press cake up- 
wards of 250 tons of the crude wax. 


The only working process of extraction 
extant is by drying the cake and digesting 
it with benzine, which is a solvent of the 
wax. The mixture is then filtered, after 
being washed with benzine to extract the 
last of the wax; the benzine solution is 
distilled, the wax being left as a residue, 
and the benzine being condensed for fur- 
ther use. During this process the loss of 
benzine is stated to be only 1 per cent. It 
is difficult to believe, however, that in a 
tropical country, with a volatile body like 
benzine, the loss is not greater. The resi- 
due of the press cake, after extraction 
with benzine, is in a good condition for 
use as a Manure. 


The wax thus obtained is in a hard, 
brown condition, and resembles beeswax. 
It contains about 60 per cent. of pure 
wax, but is shipped in the impure form. 


It unfortunately happens that, in many 
instances, the filter presses, instead of 
giving a cake containing not more than 50 
per cent. of water, yield a mud rather 
than a cake. This condition, of course, 
would complicate the solution consider- 
ably. 


From some cause, a natural explana- 
tion of which is the cost of working, the 
process has been far from being generally 
adopted. The fact remains, however, that 
the canes contain a valuable by-product 
which has not as yet been utilized. Any 
experiments in connection with the sub- 
ject should, of course, be carried out on 
the estate. It unfortunately happens, 
however, that estates’ chemists have their 
time fully occupied with other matters 
during the crop season, the only time 
when the work of investigation can be 
carried out. It would, however, be possi- 
ble, if cake be dried and sent to some ex- 
pert at home for purposes of experiment, 
that a more feasible process of extraction 
might be discovered. 


30 THE CUBA REVIEW 


PRODUCTION OF BLACKSTRAP MOLASSES IN CUBA 


The principal dealers in Cuban blackstrap molasses state that a fair average 
analysis of this product will show 10 to 17 per cent. water, 56 per cent. Clerget sugars, 
16 per cent. glucose, and the remainder fiber, gums, and salts, these last named being 
by-products which are not now utilized. 


ESTIMATE OF ALCOHOL DISTILLED—PROBABLE DEMAND FOR 
BLACKSTRAP MOLASSES 

It is claimed that hate an eflicient process the average gallon of blackstrap 
molasses will distill from 0.3 to 0.5 gallon proof alcohol, It would therefore appear 
that few products are better adapted to the manufacture of alcohol. 

Producers and dealers in this district express the opinion that the demand for 
blackstrap molasses will steadily increase, especially if alcohol comes into general 
use as a substitute for gasoline in running motors. Moreover, it is believed that the 
esrowing demand for the use of raw molasses in the manufacture of certain stock 
foods will offset the loss of the market occasioned by the prohibition of the manu- 
facture of alcoholic beverages in the United States. 


USE OF MOLASSES AS FUEL BY SUGAR MILLS—NECESSITY FOR FAIR 
MARKET PRICH 

Due to the high price of sugar as compared with that of molasses, this latter 
product is often burned by the sugar mills as fuel in connection with other refuse, 
instead of being stored by them until shipment can be made, 

A proper interest in the storage and conservation of blackstrap molasses by the 
sugar mills depends largely on the offering of a fair market price; and if excessive 
profits are gained by any of the parties handling the product, the margin will become 
too narrow to be profitable to the others. 


ESTIMATED PORT STORAGE CAPACITY 

A more careful conservation would also create a demand for steel storage fans 
both at the sugar mills and various points of shipment. It is stated that the port 
of Matanzas has storage capacity for over 16,000,000 gallons; Havana, 8,000,000 ; 
Cienfuegos, 6,000,000; Santiago de Cuba, Monaco, Jucaro, Antilla, Nuevitas, and 
Puerto Padre 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 each; Boqueron, Caibarien, and Sagua, under 
2,000,000 gallons each. Important improvements are under way at Matanzas and if 
is believed additional storage will soon be available at that point. Shippers of 
molasses claim a total of approximately 765 tank cars of 5,000 gallons each, and the 
United Railways have available some 40 tank cars of less capacity. 


HXPORTS OF CUBAN ESTIMATED PRODUCTION OF 1920 

The following figures given by the Cuban Government cover the quantities of 
molasses exported during the years 1917 and 1918, also the first six months of 1919. 
Statistics beyond this date are not yet available. It is, however, estimated that the 
production for 1920 has reached 180,000,000 gallons; of this amount probably 20,000,- 
000 to 30,000,000 gallons have been used locally in the manufacture of fuel alcohol: 


+ 
4 
4d 71> 


. 1917 1918 1919* 
From— Gallons Gallons Gallons 

5 oe 1,078,903 978,090 1,302,400 
er 45,149,480 43,587,569 11,992,540 
oo Se 2,404,508 3,692,723 2,756,861 
ee pears 14,879,142 16,990,893 5,819,859 
a 6,000,000 4.975,000 1,000,000 
0 Ee 3,923,832 2,208,143 886,000 
el. 13.244. See 
Matanzas se ww ees cee ese ee 71,069,082 66,377,987 15,191,722 
SUMS 2s. 6 Bat ooc oe ee 1,906,972 10,726,289 4,302,080 
GSR! 94 3a eee » c\sialers:o LOC 3,570,000 Ledcoten 


THUGS TTY Lets Dey 4 i ee, a Ng 46,362,531 4,824,514 683, 517 


AU EU AD, AG AG Ne IID, WY ION \\y / 73) 


SBA. ~ Gf Se eats Naktis: Sica eae Oke AR HRUE ae sate A nee 5,415,798 4.711, 167 4,491,812 
SS AITO GLa OTR Ze etsy es eee oe cicero alist actin eualiahs le 940,524 1,000,000 1,350,000 
SEDI UTI YENO) aa Beret an Aan aaa RNR sc seach gti eae ane 62495 0M ome e ee: 5,500 

TRO ETI See oertie ccna is Ane neni Se pane Hares an 199,193,722 163,716,219 49 782,231 


* First 6 months. 
SHIPMENTS TO VARIOUS COUNTRIES 


The quantities reported in the Cuban Governmental statistics as shipped to 


foreign countries are given below: 


1917 1918 1919* 

Country Gallons Gallons Gallons 
RMIT a SUAS wire rose te eve erences ceaneae aia Stare aie sire 179,244,289 161,033,117 45,925,447 
(CRIME GI eased Mane sie a lea ste Sl a a eR recy ge ae AB ha cil eee eee 
ES Tali (clis MNES free lom (IES erase etna suites sulseces it tes cuca sll) “eeotacesie ee 4 7 ye ape ead aus 5,500 
[ETTRBUR GEN CF Sas aoc CIE oR Stn a Sn a ae ee Asli. karen arcs © Loess noes 
| Biayscl lina = eect sath o cee see eae ua ee 19,945,062 2,458,385 3,991,281 
TROT cases cle eB ars Sap eek ior Re BS Rag ABP gine ee oii eae 199,193,722 163,716,219 A9.782,231 


* First 6 months. 


—Vice Consul Hernan C. Vogenitz, Havana. 


NEW PUBLICATIONS 

Sucrerie, Distillerie & Industries Agri- 
coles, published by the Societe des Pub- 
lications Industrielles et Agricoles, Paris, 
France. This illustrated trade journal 
is something unique and aboye the cur- 
rent trade publication in literary style. 
It is published quarterly by the publish- 
ers of the Journal des Fabricants de 
Sucre, and the first number, in French 
and Spanish, contains the announcement 
that all succeeding numbers will contain 
an English section. 

A Guide to the West Indies, revised 
edition, with all the latest information 
to 1921, by Frederick Ober, published by 
Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. <A Guide 
to the West Indies, Bermuda and Pana- 
mma, with maps and many illustrations. 

Sailing South, with illustrations, by 
Philip S. Marden, published by Houghton, 
Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. Price 
$3.50. 

Cotton Facts, edition of December, 1920, 
compiled and edited by Alfred B. Shep- 
person; revised and enlarged by C. W. 
Shepperson-Bull. Published by Shepper- 
son Publishing Co., New York. 


WEIR FROG COMPANY 
The Weir Frog Company, 48 Cedar St.. 
New York, will soon have ready for their 
friends in Latin-America a catalogue in 
Spanish descriptive of their products. 
This company has been manufacturing 


switches and special track work for the 
principal railroads in the United States 
and Canada during the past thirty-five 
years and their product is recognized as 
the standard by leading railroad engi- 
neers. 

Under the active management of Mr. 
Jas. M. Motley, who has been identified 
with the company for more than twelve 
years, the Weir products are now in use 
on the principal railroads and plantations 
throughout Latin-America. 


THE GERMAN SUGAR CROP 

A report by Mr. Howard W. Adams, 
representative of the Department of 
Commerce at Berlin, states that the Sta- 
tistisches Reichsamt (Federal Statistical 
Bureau) estimates the total German 
sugar crop for 1920-21 at 65,600,000 dou- 
ble centners (double centners equals 
220.4 pounds). During the year 1919-20 
it is estimated that the yield of sugar 
amounted to 810,150 tons. 


SUGAR PRODUCTION IN FRANCE 

The quantity of sugar produced in 
France from September 1, 1920, to Janu- 
ary 15, 1921—that is, for the first four 
months of the 1920-21 sugar-crop year— 
amounts to 285,375,383 kilos, against 14S,- 
653,158 kilos for the same period of the 
previous crop year. 


32 THE CUBA REVIEW 


ea ad 
oS ys — 


us te 


Thomas Cane Body for Motor Trucks, Ready for Loading. 


IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT IN CUBA’S CANE HAUL- 
ING INDUSTRY 


An invention of vital interest to the sugar industry of the Island is that of Mr. 
D. R. Thomas of Havana of a cane hauling body that bids fair to revolutionize the 
present method of getting sugar cane from field to mill. 

The invention is the result of five years of study and experiment here in Cuba 
and among the main features of the device are its simplicity and adaptability to con- 
ditions that have always confronted those interested in the economical hauling of 
cane, 

Today the same method of hauling cane is used as was employed one hundred 
years ago—with bull carts—but this unique idea will mean the introduction of the 
automobile truck into its legitimate field and effect a saving which will mean much 
to the sugar grower of the Island. 

The outstanding features which would recommend this cane body to the sugar 
grower are its simplicity, low initial cost, and the fact that repairs of any nature 
can be effected by the local blacksmith or carpenter. Two bodies are employed for 
each truck placed in the cane hauling service, one remaining in the field being loaded 
while the truck is engaged in transporting the already loaded body to the mill or 
railroad siding. Thus the truck is continually in service, thereby eliminating what 
would be termed “dead time’ during the loading operation. A two-ton truck does 
the work of three of the ‘“carretas’” now universally used in cane hauling. 

The following is a brief description of the “Thomas Cane Body,” on which patents 
have been applied for in both the United States and Cuba: 

A two-ton truck with two bodies costs f. 0. b. Havana approximately $4,000.00. 

Additional bodies $300.00. 

Body consists of a platform mounted on four collapsible legs, which are hooked 
to the under side of the body when the truck is traveling. 

The truck is equipped with a device placed directly behind the driver's seat 
which raises the body in position to be loaded and lowers the body onto the truck 
when loaded. 

The wheels of the trucks are equipped with special cane hauling rims which give 
them § in. bearing surface per gross load ton, as against the ordinary “carreta” with 
its two to three inches per load ton. These special rims come into play only when 


THE CUBA REVIEW 33 


Illustrating How Truck Is Withdrawn From, or Spotted Under, the Thomas Cane Body. 


the truck is operating on soft ground, the regular rubber tires coming into use when 
fraveling on stone roads; thus speed is not sacrificed and no change of rim is required. 
During the off season, the trucks may be employed in any kind of ordinary work. 
The expense of moving 100 arrobas one kilometer with a two-ton outfit will not 
exceed 30 cents. and with a five-ton outfit the expense is given as less than 25 cents. 
Loading and unloading is effected in exactly the same manner as with ox carts. 


SUGAR FINANCING & EXPORT COMPANY 


A banking syndicate headed by the 
Guaranty Trust Company of New York, 
the National City Bank and the Royal 
Bank of Canada has underwritten an ac- 
ceptance credit to be granted to the Sugar 
Financing and Export Company, a Cuban 
company formed by leading sugar and 
financial interests to assist Cuban grow- 
ers and manufacturers of sugar. 

The Sugar Financing and Export Com- 
pany is to have a paid-in capital of 
2,000,000, all of which has been sub- 
scribed by the Cuban Cane Sugar Cor- 
poration and the Cuban-American Sugar 
Company and their associated and sub- 
sidiary companies. 

The syndicate proposes to grant this 
company a six months’ open credit, 
drafts under which are to be secured by 
sugar stored in Independent Warehouses 
in Cuba and or in process of exporta- 
tion. The principal amount of the drafts 
at any one time outstanding will not 
aggregate in excess of $20,000,000. The 
drawings are to be on the basis of $8.00 


a bag and are not to run longer than nine- 
ty days. Bills drawn under this credit will 
be eligible for rediscount with or purchase 
by Federal Reserve Banks under the regu- 
lations of the Federal Reserve Board. 

The National City Bank, the Royal 
Bank of Canada and the Banco Mercan- 
til Americano de Cuba, acting as Trus- 
tees, on behalf of the syndicate will re 
ceive and hold for the benefit of the ac 
cepting banks the warehouse receipts and 
or shipping documents against which 
drafts are to be drawn. 


HAVANA ELECTRIC RAILWAY, LIGHT & 
POWER COMPANY 

A semi-annual dividend of $3.00 per 
share on the preferred stock and a divi- 
dend of $3.00 per share on the common 
stock will be paid on May 16, 1921, to 
stockholders of record at the close of 
business on April 20, 1921. Checks will be 
mailed. 

Stock transfer books will be closed from 
April 21st to May 19th, 1921, both inclu- 
sive. 


34 THE CUBA REVIEW 


SUGAR REVIEW 


Specially written for The Cuba Review by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


We wrote you last on February 28, 1921, since which date the Cuban Sugar 
Finance Committee has continued to function, and having sold their full value quantity 
offered of 100,000 tons Cuban raws on the 5c ¢. & f. basis, followed with an announce- 
ment of a new price of 54¢ c. & f. basis, which announcement had the effect of 
stimulating the demand for sugars materially, and quite heavy sales have been made 
of sugars, particularly those outside of the control, Porto Rico, Philippines, full 
duty, ete. 

The following pro-forma contract for sales of Cuban sugars no doubt will be of 
interest to your readers: 

PRO-FORMA OF RAW SUGAR CONTRACT 
Employed by the Sugar Finance Committee to Cover Sales of Cuban Sugar, 
Cost and Freight 


SuGAR FINANCE COMMITTEE Contract No. 
HAVANA, CUBA 110 Wall Street 
NEw YORK, 
BET alee a et cick la fe reia ayrtch oie oce.ss eine LOG 


SeLLeER.—Sugar Finance Committee, a Commission duly constituted and appointed 
by Presidential Decree No. 155 of the Republic of Cuba, dated Havana, Cuba, February 
11, 1921, and by virtue of the powers therein contained, has this day sold to you for 
account of its principal in Cuba, who will be named to you on or before declaration 
of steamer. 


QUANTITY.—TI'wo THOUSAND FivE HuNDRED........(2,500)........ Tons (of 272405 


pounds net each) of CUBA CENTRIFUGAL SuGAR, fair average quality of the Crop of 
1920-21. Delivery of five per cent. more or less than this amount to be settled for at 
the market price of like sugars on day of arrival. 

SHIPMENT.—Shipment to be made First half of March by steamer or steamers, 
to be named as soon as possible for the port of 

Prick.—AT A PRIcE oF Four AND THREE-QUARTER (434¢) CENTS per pound, Cost 
AND FREIGHT, basis 96°, average outturn polarization. 

POLARIZATION ALLOWANCES.—SETTLEMENT to be made on the accepted average 
polarization with allowance of .09¢ per pound for each degree above the selling basis 
up to 97° and .045¢ per pound from 97° to 98° or .09c per pound for each degree below 
the selling basis down to 91°. Fractions in proportion. No sugars to be delivered 
below 91°, unless on account terms mutually satisfactory to consignee and seller. 

WerIGuTs.—Ner LANDED WEIGHTS and outturn polarization at port of discharge. 
UsuaL Conpitions of sampling and polarizing. ; 

DELIVERY.—SvuGar to be delivered at a customary safe wharf or refinery as directed 
by the buyer. : 

Force Majseurre.—Should delivery in whole or in part be prevented or delayed by 
any cause of Force Majeure, War, Strikes, Rebellion, Political disturbances, Civil 
commotion, Regulations or Restrictions imposed by any Government or Governmental 
Agency, Fire or any other cause beyond Seller’s control, Seller shall advise Buyer of 
such fact and of quantities thereof, and the latter shall have the option of cancelling 
the contract for the quantities so prevented or delayed, and in the event of not 
immediately exercising such option, shall take the sugar at contract price as soon as 
it can be delivered. 

PAYMENT.—The Seller to draw on the Buyer by ten days sight draft with shipping 
documents attached for 95% of the basic price established by the Sugar Finance 
Committee, which basic price will be named to the Buyer by the Committee on 
declaration of steamer. The Seller also to draw on the Buyer in favor of said Sugar 
Finance Committee by like draft, for the difference between 95% of the said basic 


. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 35 


price and 95% of the contract price named above. The remaining balance of the 
contract price to be paid by the Buyer to the Seller after final settlement of weights 
and tests, with interest on same at rate of 6% per annum to begin to run ten days 
from entry of steamer at Customs. 


INSURANCE.—MARINE Risk.—From shore to shore including craft risk loading 
and discharging and including lighter and craft risk in Cuban ports while awaiting 
arrival of vessel assigned to transport sugars, but attaching not more than seven (7) 
days prior to the due date of the arrival of said vessel to be covered by Buyers. 


SUGAR FINANCE COMMITTED, 
By GrEoRGE LOGAN, 
FRANK C. Lowery, 
E. H. CostTetto, 
Representing the Committee. 


As will be shown by the foliowing table there is considerable quantity of sugar in 
Cuba which is outside of the committee’s control, and Mr. Himely, the Cuban expert, 
writes that previous to the date when the selling decree became effective the following 
companies had sold the number of bags of sugar opposite their name, these sugars 
consequently not being under control of the commission: 


Bags Bags 
Czarnikow-Rionda Co. .......... 1,433,000 Cia. Azucarera Gomez Mena.... 600,000 
Cuban-American Sugar Co...... 460,000 Miranda Sugar -Co.............. 200,000 
PASS Or OC Osis ies aevidieicle sos is 2,035,676 Lid COREA C Osaererehrcie era Cn rseue erator 72,000 
ideal Sukie Owes ooops cube coe 500,000 Calbant= oporea Coe eeeeneseee 60,700 
(Cemimaill (CumMeVSUR  Aeo os econo uc c 530,000 UiimuitsOl INTHE COs 6occca-asc0c0c 1,000,000 


Meanwhile crop making in the Island continues in a satisfactory manner, although 
weather has been unsettled at times. One hundred and ninety-one factories are at 
work, and according to our special cable covering the crop up to February 28th, the 
production has reached the figure of 857,082 tons, which, however, is materially behind 
last year’s figure of 1,247,842 tons. 


In the United States a special session of Congress has been called for April 11th, 
and as both branches of Congress and the President are said to favor the passage 
of an Emergency Tariff Bill, it is more than likely that such bill will be introduced 
and passed promptly. The understood program is to pass the previous Emergency 
Bill which was vetoed by President Wilson, this bill including a duty of 2¢ per lb. 
for non-preferential countries and 1.60c per lb. for Cuban sugars of 96° test. 


Advices from beet growing countries in Hurope give no positive figures as to 
sowings for the next crop. Optimistic reports are being received from some sections 
of Europe, but an important increase over the sowings of last year is not likely. 
The following table gives the stock in the principal countries: 


STOCK IN PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES at latest uneven dates, Tons. 


1921 1920 
Germany, Uemueiay ISS ont@ntonoaeducceodcoocerocadeddees 828.919 582,059 
@zecho-Slovakia, Mebruary WSts5.. 6520s e 45 ce esos see sles ore © 558,916 430,804 
EUAN CeM MME OEUATVicO Uis.c ote cic cue cc ee once; ee wes ee eos = vests. e 138,000 54,000 
Siolilamel digi biny asia oene sine ad ocacn ro omctteor een stars bad 166,218 81,878 
IP@lanuiin. Ae RAy AIS rao-e qelbe e aca bo cblmloo om enc ne eine tras a 187,160 103,058 
ferred lene MMlieans CMe SGT e.9 0. cyevel ce Seeie ta, sere: ee. o%e, eieteiel © svetele ti tee’ en 188,653 87,748 
Oiapeck Sitamesh Wieicen ARs Soa caon toed condo ouemouueoodces 154,543 139,536 
Ciglogi, | MiBnKei, ala son Scone one cod pc oo aoe ore core cine 749,005 612,551 
Tons 2,970,814 2,091,63 


New York, N. Y., March 28, 1921. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


REVISTA AZUCARERA 


Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 

Desde que se public6é nuestra tltima revista con fecha 28 de febrero de 1921, el 
Comité Financiero del Azticar ha continuado funcionando, y habiendo vendido toda la 
eantidad ofrecida de 100,000 toneladas de azticar cruda de Cuba bajo la base de 5¢ costo 
y flete, anuncié un nuevo precio bajo la base de 5%4¢ costo y flete, cuyo aviso di6é por 
resultado el estimular la demanda por azticares materialmente, habiéndose efectuado 
ventas bastante grandes de azticares, particularmente azticares fuera de su posesi6n, 
como de Puerto Rico, las Filipinas, con todos los derechos, ete. 

La siguiente forma de contrato para las ventas de azicares de Cuba indudable- 
mente interesara a nuestros lectores: 

FORMA DE CONTRATO DE AZUCAR CRUDO 
Usado por el Comité Financiero del Azicar para las ventas de azucar de Cuba, 
costo y flete 


CoM11&é FINANCIERO DEL AZUCAR, Contrato No. 
HABANA, CUBA, 110 Wall Street 
(NUEVA YORK. 
if 
CAG WIP RAIHIE Got avec apes 1s wor neal Bath owe dbs OS Sew a ole a <6 che ereate,c, acera loka eee oenoe 


VENDEDOR.—El Comité Financiero del Azticar, una Comisi6n debidamente consti- 
tuida y nombrada por Decreto No. 155 Presidencial de la Republica de Cuba, fechado 
en la Habana, Cuba, el 11 de febrero de 1921, y en virtud de los poderes en ella con- 
tenidos, ha vendido a Vd. en este dia por cuenta de la parte principal interesada en 
Cuba, la cual le sera nombrada el dia de la declaraci6n del vapor o antes. 

CANTIDAD.—Dos mil quinientas........ (2500) Sereeacee toneladas (de 2,240 libras 
netas Cada una) de azticar Centrifugo de Cuba, promedio calidad buena de la zafra de 
1920-21. La entrega de un cinco por ciento mas 0 menos de esta cantidad se liquidara 
al precio del mercado de aztiicares semejantes el dia de la Hegada. 


EMBARQUE.—El1 embarque se hara en la primera mitad de marzo por el vapor 0 
yapores que se nombren tan pronto como sea posible para el puerto de........ Siecece rare 

Precio.—Al precio de cuatro y tres cuartos (4%4¢) centavos por libra, costo y 
flete, base 96°, promedio rendimiento de polarizacion. 


CONCESIONES DE POLARIZACION.—La liquidaci6n se hara bajo el promedio aceptado 
de polarizacién, con concesién de .09¢ por libra por cada grado que exceda la base 
de venta hasta 97° y .045e por libra desde 97° a 98° o .09c por libra por cada grado 
bajo la base de venta hasta 91°. Las fracciones en proporcién. No se entregaran 
azucares por bajo de 91°, a menos que sea bajo condiciones de descuento a satisfacci6n 
mutua del consignatario y vendedor. 

Pesos.—Los pesos netos en tierra y el rendimiento de polarizaci6n en el puerto 
de descarga. La cata y polarizaci6n segtin la manera usual. 

ENTREGA.—El azticar sera entregado en un muelle seguro o refineria segun sea 
indicado por el comprador. 

Fuerza Mayor.—En caso la entrega por completo o en parte fuera impedida 0 
demorada por alguna causa o por fuerza mayor, guerra, huelgas, rebeli6n disturbios 
politicos, tumulto, reglamentos o restricciones impuestos por algin Gobierno o Agencia 
de Gobierno, incendio o alguna otra causa fuera del poder del vendedor, el vendedor 
debera avisar al comprador de tal hecho y de las cantidades afectadas, y este ultimo 
tendra opcién a cancelar el contrato por las cantidades asi impedidas o demoradas, 
y en caso de no ejercer inmediatamente tal opcién, tomara el aziicar al precio del 
contrato tan pronto como pueda ser entregado. 

PaGco.—E] vendedor girara sobre el comprador por giro a diez dias vista junto con 
documentos de embarque por 95% del precio de base establecido por el Comité Finan- 
ciero del Azticar, cuyo precio de base sera expresado al comprador por el Comité a 
la declaraci6n del vapor. El vendedor también girara sobre el comprador a la orden 


—_— ee 


THE CUBA REVIEW 31 


de dicho Comité Financiero del Azucar por un giro semejante, por la diferencia entre 
el 95% de dicho precio de base vy el 95% del precio del contrato arriba mencionado. 
1 balance restante del precio del contrato sera pagado por el comprador al vendedor 
después del arreglo final de pesos y polarizacion, con interés a razon de 6% al aiio, 
que empezara a contarse a los diez dias del registro del vapor en la aduana. 
SEGURO.—RikEsco MAritimo.—De costa a costa incluyendo el riesgo del buque al 
cargar y descargar e incluyendo el riesgo de lanchaje y del buque en puertos de Cuba 
mientras se aguarda la llegada del buque asignado para transportar azticares, pero 
no incluyendo mas de siete (7) dias con anterioridad a la fecha en que debia llegar 
dicho buque a riesgo de los compradores. 
COMITE FINANCIERO DEL AZUCAR, 
pp. GEORGE LOGAN, 
FRANK C. Lowry, 
HE. H. Costexo, 
Representantes del Comité. 


Como se muestra por la siguiente tabla, hay una considerable cantidad de azticar 
en Cuba que no esta bajo el dominio del Comité, y Mr. Himely, el cubano perito, 
manifiesta que con anterioridad a la fecha en que empez6 a regir el decreto de las 
ventas, las siguientes compafias habian vendido la cantidad de sacos de azticar indi- 
cados a continuaciOn de sus nombres respectivos, y por consiguiente estos azticares 
no estaban bajo el dominio de la comision: 


Bags Bags 
Szarnikow-Rionda Co. 56 bon oodles KUTO) Cia. Azucarera Gomez Mena.... 600,000 
Cuban-American Sugar Co...... 460,000 Miranda Sugar Co.............. 200,000 
Ee AUUs KITS Wess COOsss sicvers ste) cae ee Sle are 2,035,676 AM OW Sch COW esate See oo ee 72,000 
Samana Siekie Oosogsuoceuuoued 500,000 Galban, Lobo & Co............. 60,700 
(C@initicall CUmMMPR Sos daseoesde ot 530,000 Whomnecl IME (Coys coooonocobooos 1,000,000 


Entretanto la operacion de la zafra en la Isla continia de una manera satisfac- 
toria, aunque el tiempo en varias ocasiones ha estado revuelto. Hay en operaci6n 
191 fabricas, y segin las noticias que hemos recibido por cable comprendiendo la 
zafra hasta el 28 de febrero, la producci6n ha llegado a la cifra de 857,082 toneladas, 


lo que sin embargo es mucho menos que la cifra de 1,247,542 toneladas del aflo pasado. 

En los Estados Unidos se va a reunir el Congreso en sesiOn especial el 11 de 
abril, y como se dice que ambas camaras del Congreso asi como el Presidente estan 
en favor de sancionar un proyecto de ley de emergencia del arancel, es mas que 
probable que dicho proyecto sea presentado a las Camaras y hecho ley prontamente. 
HH] objeto segtin se comprende es sancionar el anterior proyecto de ley de emergencia 
que fué rechazado por el Presidente Wilson, este proyecto de ley incluyendo un 
derecho de 2c la libra para paises no preferenciales y 1.60c¢ la libra para los azucares 
de Cuba polarizaci6n de 96°. 

Los avisos de los paises productores de remolacha de Europa no dan cifras 
positivas acerca de las siembras para la pr6xima cosecha. De algunas partes de 
Europa se estan recibiendo noticias optimistas, pero no es probable haya un aumento 
importante sobre las siembras del aio pasado. La siguiente tabla da las existencias 
en los principales paises: 

Existencias en los principales paises segtin varias fechas, en toneladas. 


1921 1920 
Alemania, enero 1—Licht........ RE Sf Bee i aeopcrer Sieiaberonedersreciys 828,919 582,059 
Czecho-Slovakia, febrero 1........ Sap eiige ins cnstieta Gomera Pere 558,316 430,804 
liana, ies) ZASccscuccoconan0d Bi ahaa ae a See RIG AIA EREERE 138,000 54,000 
Holanda, enero 1........ emcees GOS OR AECIERO CHES Dee 166,218 81,878 
Bélgica, enero 1......... a ee ae Dlg Benen pny acti eairtn cease 187,160 103,058 
IMEIAHSPR, TMEIAD) Doo boo cuo odo K seo bos oso Un UDO DOO EDO 0DDOD 188,653 87,748 
ISSEGOS Wiaiclos, WIPO ZBoaccospngecaudn900eUeb0bDOCED be 154,545 139,536 
(Cul, meee BAYccascocacs RA Nea eA Teta: ate BV OTe IAN oleinls Sako ae 749,005 612,551 

Toneladas 2,970,814 2,091,634 


Nueva York, marzo 28, 1921. 


THER CUBA REVIEW 


Cable “ Turnure”’ FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


De posits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of 
Collection and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public 
and Industrial Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection 
of Drafts, Coupons, etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and 
Letters of Credit on Havana and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, 
Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo and Central and South America. 


CORRESPONDENTS : 


HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank Ltd. 

{ Banco Urquijo, Madri 
SPAIN: } Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
( Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 


and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size 2934 x 24. Copyrighted 1918. 


Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


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Engineers, Boiler Makers & Manufacturers, Steamship Repairs in all Branches, 


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Associate Bank of National Bank of Cuba 


P Cana Net 
esar ana eto General banking business transacted 
: with special facilities for handling 
Sistema nueva patentada por Cuban items through the National 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., Bank of Cuba and its 92 branches 
constructor de trasbordadores superiores and agencies. 
We are especially interested in dis- 
Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- counting Cuban acceptances. 
bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. Current Interest Rates Paid on Deposit Accounts 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘ La Victoria.” subject to check. 


Loans, Discounts, Collections and Letters of 
Credit will receive our best attention. 


W. A. MERCHANT - - - - - President 
J. T. MONAHAN - - - - - - Vice-President 
A Weeld blicati f LS ER SAS eie7 2 Cashier 
Ga ONES en ee eneancs sst. Cashier 
ee yy Pu ication o fs \Whe ANILEVNOGIsl 2 Se = Soe Asst. Cashier 
International Interest Seclabin Pecanel 


It covers every field and phase of the industry 
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Facts About Sugar 


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Sugar Brokers Office: Aguiar 108 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL ST. See 


Cable Address, ‘‘ Tide, New York”’ 


TRADE WITH BOSTON 


Year Ending Year Ending 

Nov., 1920 Nov. 30, 1920 Nov., 1919 Nov. 30, 1919 

Imports from Cuba............ $1,977,287 $74,085,684 $1,949,657 $29,582,921 
IBSXOOUS) “Ko MOUhRaaen oe se cscs re 461,330 11,408,033 2,004,710 13,253.505 
Year Ending Year Ending 

Dec., 1920 Dec. 31,1920 Dec., 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 

Imports from Cuba ..................$ 698,698 $73,885,811 $ 898,571 $29,860,677 
DRO OMES kOe Cibo bana eoais Mio so aloe cea iooa eS 1,234,964 11,152,726 1,489,553 13,427,923 
Year Ending Year Ending 

Jan., 1921 Jan. 31,1921 Jan., 1920 Jan. 31, 1920 

Imports from Cuba .............-.-..-$ 507,367 $70,130,887 $4,262,291 $31,944,178 
ESE DOLGS = tO. © ub aeenares ee olbscens ereisus cece ere 1,013,589 11,807,418 358,897 11,362,045 


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TRANSACTS A 


GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 


Oswald A. Hornsby...............-------President 
Claudio G. Mendoza.. .. ese... Vice-President 
James M. Hopgood ...... -...-----Vice-President 
Rogelio Carbajal...........-- Vice-President 
Alberto Marquez .-. ove« Dreasurer 
Silvio Salicrup stant Treasurer 
Luis Perez Bravo. ssistant Treasurer 
Oscar Carbajal.. aa .Secretary 
William M. W hitner Se ae M: anager - Real Estate 

and Insurance Depts. 


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140 Liberty St., New York 
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Santiago Cienfuegos Camaguey Matanzas 


Porto Rican Representatives: 
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Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P.R 


The Royal Bank «Canada 


Fundado en 1869 


Capital Pagado- - - - - $15,000,000 
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Activo Total - - - - - - 420,000,000 


QUINENTAS CINCUENTA SUCURSALES 
VEINTE Y OCHO SUCURSALES EN CUBA 
CINCO SUCURSALES EN LA HABANA 


LONDRES: 2 Bank Buildings, Princes Street 
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Sucursal Principal en la Habana: Obrapia 33 


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United Railways of Havana 


CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 


lacs cl 
No. Il|No. 1 No: 7 No. 5| No.3 | No. 9 | Ay HAVANA ‘y No. 2. No. 8 No. 6 No. 10 No. 4 No. 12 
PM/}PM/|PM}|} PM |} AM | AM |} 8 | AM | AM} PM | PM | PM | AM 
| \|—+ $C 
10 31 | 10.01] 4.01 | t.0r| 10 or | 7.01 \ Ly. Central Station Ar.| 6.50] 9.40] 3.31 | 6.30| 7.25| 6.30 
AM 
BS easis 12.17 | 6.40} 3.23] 11.54 | 9.25 1 58)|Ar.... .Matanzas...Lv.|| Aleit || CuSy || toile) || Be6@) |) Syels|joscce 
SecCee 4.05| 8140] 5.50| 2.00] 12 37 || tog||.......Cardenas........|| 12.05 | 500]|1000| 1.20|......|--...- 
PM | PM || PM | AM | PM 
6.00} .... GC) Fi) AAG Nanscbe 1G@)\| ooo on aaeo Saguaeeeeerne MOr4 5 i\ieeclseersi= (G15 || cook WDM® | oscooe 
I } PM 
* OG |Ibaonoa SiZ5i| een 7200) | pacncac Caibarien...... FeDs |eraies Isclaea| lsocuas Si) [foc oan 
| AM 
Severaia'e G0 |lascssel| @0G)|scocesllsce 55)|| WES loooc Senate) CIESHIG 6 sasdl|l) WM |loscdocl| WI lbsoccol) acosellocsooe 
PM 
FSO || cocety leepeae pomeee Teo \lsoonec TOS eens CHEMO Sass cuellllaccaga|lacosoc sdecnllcascoal| 106 ite I HOSS 
AM PM | | | AM | PM 
eyats 9) 55 loncdnoljsscosallesos collsccoon||| Zid |llooon Sevatlil Somos | coal CIS |lscodellasooon|lacoadullasocac|iooacce 
PM | | | 
Eig vats POF lo adsull Weselhecoos d-oa cohol | ee Gliaa (Cras Gle AQieisiag Ilr eG |lscobad tir O) llascons | (scoon||lcoscec 
PM | [eee || | | AM 
sae BNG|||ccees|| Golt@llecoceall esasoll| Balls coosnd CAAA cosdoalll| TUG lecseea|! ICO llscsoaallecoose||aposue 
AM | | || AM PM 
saccool| ‘ccoaellsaoose | BAO i|oose co Ve salavatens | 520 S608 Go /NMWES so5c5 50 | on6ao leocoon|| HOW |incacen|loccooo||san06 
ete RAIS | esces!) Wil5 |lcocoe||scoose|||| 5asillo ss ooo 3 SEUIENE® cece sce||l| LEON |locoesel| GOO |icascce| 
AM | PM AM AM 
Slee jing cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
* Via Carrefio. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAVANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
(CrSMiwaOS-c co ccbecaccodascosaceone ) 
SuiiGl anouueacauancanescndsoboseas 
Gaibanieny. eaten stec cosas: sonase 2 j $5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 
Saute rae See ie } 
Lesord eyAWilay ents =smisie ie sissies cite 550 4.50 | 
Warmiae uey seen eee osse cee eee 6.00 5.00 f 1309 18.00 
IBEAITRYGy. acca mO ec CUTS Be ROpBercnmetcrs 
PU PROM EE AO He savaarsicree cere wiae eet ae 7.00 6.00 | 
SAMEVO oo cocasengonnoucnsedsadeoue 8.00 7.00 $f 20.00 23.00 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
WW Ss (Ci% WaSaGy, 
Atri till ares aatesis\ccisetnrsi= cis aie mstelecic $29 21 Iisleyofebiness-mecaetee neces $10 00 
Bata bani Owen retort coe crass teins Sie steers 2.95 Mia dintigaeetan caer ciceieerecereinere 4.25 
BAN ATION aie ieve sisi crtcereleeisieieleersen glciere 26.24 Manzanillo encee eee cee eee 27.74 
(Caliber ig Wopeacndenescececsicsape aeene 14 81 IMatanzasicaccce sce neem eae se 4260) 
Camaguey cai) cits ceicta saerase nee 20.57 Placetas ...... Fan aosdgoqdacoangsOsoUG 13.54 
(CAITR aoeess cen nner oa orene 7196 Rem Cd1Osisaseeer eee eee 14.£0 
@iego devAvilay..< .t).jecsec anes see © 17.47 Srna is aon ey oumane nasa sci ato nae 11.98 
(Gemineasosgas Gsccecosunosescoond 12 33 SanpAintontossce nace eeen ec ies 1.80 
Golon ates Scars eh cnieesiecee ape bus 8.12 Sancti,Spinituses- eens eeeeare eee ReSTSes iL 
Guantananion eee eieesee se 31.70 Samia: CMW soos concoocodéwosoceceo es 12.08 
FOS Wins <2 eos eine cee ten eniee seeeaeis 26.87 SantiacodexGubayeres-sase eee cece 30.c8 


Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 
110 pounds or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS--First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Colén, Union, Sagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


W. T. MEDLEY, COMMERCIAL AGENT ARCHIBALD JACK, GENERAL MANAGER 


HAVANA, CUBA 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
‘PASSOL” SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD ST., Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


Sobrinos de Bea y Ca S. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importaci6n directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espafia. 


INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 


MATANZAS, 


CUBA 


Established so Years Shipping Trade a Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 


Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


{ 8338) 
(5359) 
Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone Night Call, 2278 Henry 


Telephones: - Bowling Green 


0316 Henry 


nnn nn emma 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 
Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 
We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on ali « 


iasses OI contract 


ting work in Cuba. 


New York Office. 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office 


Zulueta 36 D 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 


Lugravers- - Fine Stationery 
RUIZ BUILDING 

O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P. O. Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Cable Address; Kunomale, New York 
Telephone, 3300 South 


Box 186 
Maritime Exchange 


YULE & MUNRO 
SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
Boat BUILDERS, ETC. 


Telephone 
215 Hamilton 


No. 9 Summit Street 
Near Atlantic Dock BROOKLYN 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Camuer 


MERCADERES No. 5 
HAVANA, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either on # 
commission basis or under agency arrangements 
Also furnishes all desired information about land» 
in eastern Cuba. 


F. W. Hyvoslef E. C. Day 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 
Steamship Agents & Ship Brokers 


18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘ Benvosco”’ 


R. M. Michelson 


Please 


mention THE CUBA REVIEW achen writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 43 


Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES: 


67 Wall Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 
Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Keyser Building, BALTIMORE. MD. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 
New York Antilla Antilla New York 
S/S) COMMOMNUIMUAIR 55 oaace codes Apr. 30 May 4 May 7 May 11 
SO geen Sea ae arn May 14 May 18 May 21 May 25 
eyed ad beset cara e ake ate May 28 June 1 June 4 June 8 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular Sailings as follows : 


Havana..... Every Week | Isabela de Sagua . -Ev ery 3 Weeks | Antilla... Every 3 W eeks 


Matanzas .Every 2 Weeks | Caibarien......... Santiago. 
Cardenas.Every 2 Weeks | Nuevitas.......... fi Cienfuegos 
Guantanamo...... 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


A STEAMER—Montevideo-Buenos AireS.............-eseecceeecees Semi-monthly 
Ay SAME LINN SIRES Sie2i4l enn Aiseena Pent Ra ellis as Cota any Sa Rain aio Rae inr pose Monthly 


NEW YORK-—South America Service 


PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
New York to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Enea Aires 


ce ae ims 


co ce ce 


S/S MUBURTTISUAL WONSISUDNIG TON (ID))acc ccocecosaduace0acogo0nuesodeso0s0c May 15 

S/S TRIUIROIN (enhetine co nid oltre condacegepodesuoU ouelon ano eco ucocon Gonmomss™ May 29 

Ss JN SOMAUISS (Gets Acct be perp EMA DOE IeO Luce tig cero IO eee June 15 
(a) 1st, 2d and 3d class. (b) st and 2d class. 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Havana...........----eee eee eees Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago............. Every Other Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


44 THE CUBA. REVIEW 


No. SS-96 
Steel Conveyor 


Chain 


FOR MODERN CANE CONDUCTOR 
INSTALLATIONS 


No. SS-96 was designed particularly 
for use in cane feeder carriers and the 
conductors to the Mills. It is now almost 
universally used in this work. It is the 
effective chain for cane conductors. 


Look for our 
Trade Mark on every link. 
Write for Catalog No. 355. 
LINK-BELT COMPANY 


299 BROADWAY 
NEW YORK CITY 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


eee es cone 165 Broadway, New York, U. S.A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 
rs ie se ve el grabado de uno de nuestros carros m4s modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
de to 


todos tipos y de varias capacidades para uso en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
Méjico, con bastidores y jaulas de madera o de acero. 


Produccién annual de m4s de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA Representante para Cuba 


Piease mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


LAE 


ee LEEEEEEENEEEGIGN nn 
2 PEER OICURA Frans 


Chuchos o Cambiavias, Ranos o Corazones, 


CRUZAMIENTOS, CABALLETES DE MANIOBRA PARA 
FERROCARRILES, RIEL S, &c. 


URANTE mas de 35 afios nuestros Talleres— 

siempre montados a la moderna—se han dedicado 

4 la fabricacion de Rieles, Chuchos, Cruzamien- 

tos y otros Accesorios. para los Ferrocarriles 
Americanos, y siempre hemos procurado corresponder a 
las necesidades de nuestros clientes suministrandoles 
materiales de primera al precio mas reducido. 

Nuestra Seccion Técnica esta a disposicion de nuestros 
clientes, y para ayudarnos interpretar. debidamente sus 
necesidades y evitar demoras inconvenientes, al pedir 
precios 6 remitir encargos, es sumamente importante nos 
den los detalles correspondientes. 


Sirvase dirigir la correspondencia a 


WEIR FROG COMPANY 


43 Cedar St., New York, E.E. U.U. 
JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente (Direccion cabiegrafica: JAMOTLEY, NEWYORK) 


43 CEDAR STREET 


JAMES M. MOTLEY eee 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 


THE, WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 

GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO., LTD. 

THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 
STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 


Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan: Locomotoras 

Carros para cafia 

Rieles y accesso- 
Trios 

Chuchos y ranas 

Aserraderos 

Calderas 

Maquinas, de va- 
por y de gaso- 
lina 

Tanques 

Tornos 

Trapiches y toda 
clase de maqui- 
naria para Inge- 
nios de Azucar 

Calentadores de 
agua de alimen- 


tacion 
Alambiques para 
agua 
Madera, pino ama- 
A solicitud se remiten catalogos y presupuestos. rillo 


JAMOTLEY, New York (Se usan todas las claves). 


Direccién cablegrafica: 


’ 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


OH CUB Aas he, VATE VV. 3 


Ta A Tt Para todos usos y de todos tamajfios, de los para 
: A\ cafia con cuarto ruedas y capacidad de 114 tone= 
a 


= ladas 4 los con juegos dobles de ruedas y capac= 
Carros de Ingenios idad de 30 toneladas. 

Hacemos una especialidad de juegos de herrajes, incluyendo los juegos de 

ruedas, completamente armados, con todas las piezas de metal, y planos 

completos para construir los carros 4 su destino de maderas del pais. 


RAMAPO IRON WORKS, 30 Church St., NEW YORK, N.Y. ganeatteny 


HOLBROOK TOWING LINE, Inc. 


W. S. HOLBROOK, Pres. 


Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 
Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Night Phone 


Hone: Beoad 15 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, U.S.A. 1368 Ree Ses 


WILLETT & GRAY, Brokers and Agents 

FOREIGN AND RAW AND 

DOMESTIC SUGARS REFINED 
82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
® Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 
Guanajay from 5 A. M.to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P. M. 
FARE - = $1.00 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guines—— from 5.50 A. M. to7.50 P.M. Last train 11.10 P. M. 
PARE 2 "(20 ,-°$1,25 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANA FORTRESS) FROM 
LUZ FERRY, HAVANA, TO 


Weola (He tray) ppuaeriuerescthy: Sane Maiceniaan apes ere che eure ceceete cats $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway)............. II 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry)............ .06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A. M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A. M. to 11 P. M. 


_ Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


I THE CUBA REVIEW 


Bomba Kinney Para Mieles 


Presi6n Positiva. Envolos Rotatorios, Sin 
Muelles ni Valvulas. Forrado interiormente 
de Bronce. La Més econémica para bombear 
liquidos espestos, como mirles, acieites guar- 
apos, etc. Funciona actualmente con el 
mejor éxito en muchos ingenios y refinerias. 
Capacidades de 50 4 800 galones por minuto. 


Pidanse precios y pormenores 4 


Newell Manufacturing Company 
SINGER BUILDING - NEW YORK 


Agentes para Cuba y la demas Antillas 


Insist upon Walker’s “LION” Packing 


Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 
METALLIC “LION” PACKING. Look for ‘The 
Thin Red Line’’ which runs through all the 
Genuine and the ‘Lion’ Brass Trade Mark 
Labels and Seals attached. 
WRITE FOR 
OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


JAMES WALKER & COMPANY, Ltd. 
46 West Street New York City 


United Railways of Havana 
WESTERN DIVISION 


TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


PM/|PM 
09 |12.01 
Artemisa A ees) ( 9.45 
Paso Real. . 5 
Herradura 
Pinar del Rio 


Guane 


IDEAL . 3 
Pinos:.; -::4% : S: 40 cts. 
TROLLEY Arroyo Naranj ...25 cts. Santiago de las Vegas... .55 cts. 
Calabazar. 30 cts. Rincon 65 cts. 
TRIPS 


ion every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 7.15 P. M., 
-very hour thereafter to 11.15 P: mM. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 67 Wall Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 
$1.00 Per Year - - - - 10 Cents Single Copy 
ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 


Vol. XIX MAY, 1921 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page—Normal School, Santiago de Cuba. 


Frontispiece—Agricultural School near Santiago de Cuba. 


Cuban Clearing House 


Cuban Government Matters: 
NGueduCtrOlM@nemtiCrcn tose seme ee A OO alec 
Coinage of Cuban Money 
Japanese Consul 
The New Cabinet 
New Highway 
Proclamation of New President 
Venezuelan Minister 


The Fertilizer Industry in Cuba, illustrated, b 5 O), IN@vallle. 515, IG, ia, Ils 


ON 2021 ON OBNOM OS OG 2798, 29) SON St 32 


II AI 


NI 


enyanan@©orrespondencen as qeemer me 4 eee SOF 1Ore tl 12) 13. I 
lPrenralinngs IPMESS sige Culo~m SOCWINES. 50-62 coccnnaccsccnssencnesseosonc 33 
The Sugar Industry: 
Estimated German Sugar Consumption for Production Period of 1920-21 34 
Niewgelvetin eryareiun @lemille SOSH aye sae ae he ea ets 
Output of Sugar in Spain 
Operating Results in Cuba 


~ 9@2 


Sugar Review, English......... GB Bo ig piealig OF SIR ea aT eS REN nee oer eet er ey ee 35, 36 
Sugar Review, Spanish é 


eqng op osemueg ievsu ‘jooyog [eanjpnousay 


JUN 3 -7921 


GAkwy oR 


CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


Copyright, 1921, by the Munson Steamship Line 


Votume XIX 


IWTAWYE 1921 


NuMBER 6 


Cuban Government Matters 


Proclamation of New President 

On April 29th a joint session of congress 
formally proclaimed Dr. Alfredo Zayas 
president and General Francisco Carrillo 
vice-president of the Republic of Cuba. 
The new officials will be inaugurated 
May 20th, when President Menocal will 
relinquish office. 


The New Cabinet 


According to press reports from Havana, 
the new cabinet, to serve under Dr. 
Alfredo Zayas, who will take office as 
president of the Republic of Cuba on 
May 20, will be composed as follows: 

Secretary of the Presidency—Dr. José 
Manuel Cortina. 

Secretary of State—Dr. 
toro. 

Secretary of Government—Dr. 
cisco Martinez Lufriu. 

Secretary of Treasury—Sebastien Gela- 
bert. 

Secretary of Sanitation—Dr. Juan Gui- 
teras. 

Secretary of Public Works—Orlando 
Freyre. 

Secretary of Justice—Dr. Erasmo Re- 
gueiferos. 

Secretary of Public Instruction—Dr. 
Francisco Zayas y Alfonso. 

Secretary of War and Navy—Dr. 
Demetrio Castillo Duany. 

Secretary of Agriculture—Not named. 

Sefior Gelabert is a financier and banker, 
who has not been active in politics. The 
Secretary of Public Instruction is a 
brother of President-elect Zayas. Dr. 


Rafael Mon- 


Fran- 


Guiteras is well known in the United 
States for his medical research work. 


Japanese Consui 

The Japanese Government has appointed 
M. Someya Japanese consul in Cuba. 
This is the first Japanese consul to be 
sent to Cuba, the work having been 
attended to previously by the English 
consul. 

Venezuelan Minister 

The Government of Cuba has recog- 
nized Licenciado Jose L. Andara as envoy 
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary 
of Venezuela. 


Coining of Cuban Money 
During the year 1920 the Philadelphia 
mint coined Cuban money of different 
denominations to the value of $37,548,000. 


New Highway 
The Cuban Government has authorized 
the payment of $56,608 to acquire land for 
the building of the highway from Palmira 
to Manacas, and through Palmira to 
Cuatro Caminos. 


Aqueduct of Oriente 
President Menocal has authorized the 
expenditure of $100,000 monthly for the 
building of the Oriente aqueduct, for 
which $2,000,000 was appropriated. This 
aqueduct is to supply the city of Santiago 
de Cuba. 


8 THE CUBA REFIEW 


Havana Correspondence 
April 25, 1921. 


Sucar: The price of sugar has remained about the same throughout the month 
and the market is very quiet. Large stocks of sugars have been accumulated at all 
ports of the Island and the sugar centrals also have large quantities in their private 
warehouses awaiting sale and shipment. The Sugar Commission appointed by President 
Menoeal is working diligently to give relief to the congested condition of the warehouses 
where these sugars are stored but, with a very small demand for sugars in the North, 
it is hard to dispose of the accumulated stocks and maintain a fair price for the product. 

Should the Fordney bill of the Emergency Tariff bill be passed by the American 
Congress in Washington it is deemed that additional hardships will be placed upon the 
Cuban sugar producer which will make the already critical condition of the Island’s 
finances more serious. To us the Emergency Tariff bill is legislation that will work to 
the benefit of the American manufacturer since it will prevent the dumping of cheap 
foreign goods on American markets, but when it is considered that Cuban sugars are 
produced with highly paid, efficient labor it will be realized that the enactment of this 
legislation against Cuba will mean a curtailment of business with the United States and 
consequent losses in business for American manufacturers with the Island Republic. 
During the calendar year, 1920, Cuba purchased from the United States merchandise 
valued at approximately $520,000,000.00, being surpassed ONLY as purchasers of Ameri- 
can goods by the countries of England, Canada and France. Cuba purchases (for a 
population of 2,800,000 people), more goods from the United States than do Argentine, 
Brazil and Mexico, who have a population of over 50,000,000. The largest per capita 
trade of any country in the world is enjoyed by Cuba. Over 75% of Cuba’s impor- 
tations come from the United States, but should legislation against sugar be en- 
acted a large part of Cuba’s purchases are going to be made in other countries than the 
United States. Tariff privileges have always been enjoyed by Cuba in its relations 
with the United States from the inception of the Republic, and Cuban sugar is going 
to find it increasingly hard to compete with sugar production from other parts of the 
world where production costs are lower (on account of low wages paid labor, ete.) and 
where additional advantages in the present rates of exchange are enjoyed. Cuban 
money is American money and there are no discounts to be taken advantage of. 

Then again, the enactment of this legislation is bound to react against American 
capital, since about 60 per cent. of the sugar mills on the Island are controlled by 
American capital and, too, American interests predominate in the shipping, commercial, 
banking, insurance, public service, dock and warehouse, water, electric lighting, tobacco 
and other industries. Therefore, American interests will suffer most from prohibitive 
legislation. Cuban raw products are exchanged for American finished products, which 
accounts for the volume of trade done between the two countries, but with a high pro- 
tective tariff in effect, Cuban raw products are bound to find their way to other countries 
and the exchange for the finished product is bound to be effected with the country to 
which the raw products are shipped. The agitation against the enactment of the Fordney 
bill is evident, we notice, in most Central and South American countries where sugar is 
produced in large quantities and shipped to the United States. 

During the month considerable agitation was worked up against the legality of the 
Cuban Sugar Commission and an attempt was made to discredit it because it controls 
prices at which Cuban sugars are to be sold. The agitation, of course, is at the hands of 
American refiners as they claim that the Cuban Sugar Commission is a foreign organi- 
zation attempting to fix prices in the United States for sugar. It is true that, were it 
not for the Sugar Commission, much sugar would be sold at lower prices than are at 
present demanded but it was just against this feature that the commission was appointed 
by the president. The situation of some of the sugar mills is such that they are almost 


THE CUBA Bee VE We 9 


compelled to accept practically any price for their product since the need for funds is 
so very great at the present time, but the best interests of the Island are, we believe, 
undoubtedly being served in the maintenance of prices by this commission. The 
restoration of the prosperity of the Island rests with this organization, we believe, and 
the element of market manipulation of this product has also been eliminated for the 
crop of 1920-1921. 

FINANCIAL Srruation: During the month of April much has happened to disturb 
the financial equilibrium, which it was deemed was about to be reached in Cuba. The 
appointment of Sr. Porfirio Franca to the presidency of the Banco Nacional de Cuba 
was considered as having stabilized that institution, which had gone through so much 
during the past six months. 

The Island was astounded on April 9th to learn that the Banco Nacional had, after 
experiencing a run of two or three days, closed its doors. The directors concluded that 
the only step which could be legally taken was to liquidate the bank’s assets and start 
anew witha clean slate. Much unfortunate publicity was directed at the Banco Nacional 
de Cuba in the Cuban press of the Island and this propaganda seems to have had its 
effect in causing a large number of the depositors in this institution to withdraw their 
funds, thereby weakening the position of the bank. When it was ascertained that the 
obligations falling due under the Torriente Law could not be met, liquidation was the 
only means which could be resorted to. These pernicious attacks by the Cuban press 
continued against the American banking institutions established in Cuba for so many 
years, and the Royal Bank of Canada found it necessary to appeal to the British Minister 
to take the matter up through diplomatic channels with the Cuban government, with 
a view to having the Cuban press show legal cause for these pernicious attacks or cease 
their efforts to discredit banking institutions which could show themselves solvent and 
the best of friends to Cuban business. 

The demoralizing effect of unwarranted propaganda of this nature can readily be 
seen since, if the public is convinced that the banking institutions are not solvent, the 
immediate withdrawal of many thousands of small accounts would naturally render the 
banks unable to extend credits to legitimate industries badly in need of funds. The sugar 
interests of the Island at the present time have never been in more urgent need of ready 
cash and if one will consider that the banking interests found it necessary to curtail 
legitimate loans to active sugar interests of the Island, the effect can easily be imagined. 

Much credit is due the American daily newspaper ‘““‘The Havana Post” for having 
given publicity to the damaging propaganda which was being spread throughout the 
Island by the Cuban Press. The ‘‘Havana Post” published broadcast statements from 
the directors of the Royal Bank of Canada and other American financial institutions 
in Cuba, to the effect that the banks were absolutely solvent and the only result of this 
pernicious propaganda would be in the tightening of credit and creating of hardships on 
legitimate business in Cuba. This airing of unwarranted propaganda which had been 
instituted against these foreign banks has stabilized conditions again and these institu- 
tions have even gone so far in the way of demonstrating their goodwill towards the Island 
as to bring down large sums of money (estimated at twenty million dollars) which are to 
be loaned to the sugar centrals needing the money and also to other legitimate business 
interests in Cuba. 

It is understood that the Banco Espanol de la Isla de Cuba (The Spanish Bank of 
Cuba) has about completed its arrangements for its reorganization with a capital of 
$40,000,000.00 instead of $8,000,000.00 and that Spanish and American interests are to 
take over the institution, under new management, and under the name of Banco Espanol 
de las Americas. This institution was caught in the great slump in the price of sugar 
with large quantities of sugars on hand and it was felt, and in fact is still felt, that if the 
present arrangements for the introduction of new capital do not materialize the bank 
will be forced to follow the action of the Banco Nacional and liquidate. 

Srrikes: During the month the shipping interests in the bay of Havana reduced 
the wage scale for the skilled and unskilled labor employed at the different marine 


10 THE CUBA REVILW 


railways. This resulted in a refusal on the part of the carpenters and caulkers to accede 
to the acceptance of the reduction. The shipping interests contended that since the 
cost of living has been reduced throughout the Island, labor should accept a reduction 
of about 25%, and especially in view of the fact that the same class of laborers are 
employed in other ports of the Island at smaller wages than are paid here in Havana. 

The strike of the carpenters and caulkers is well organized but since there is a 
tremendous surplus of labor (at present unemployed) in Cuba and especially in Havana, 
it is deemed that the strikers will eventually find it convenient to accept the reduced 
wage and return to their employment. 

The attitude of organized labor at the present time in Cuba is very distressing and 
annoying. The laborers are not even willing to compromise the reduction in wages 
offered, but hold out absolutely for the full scale. When it is realized that labor leaders 
are petitioning the Cuban Government to put a ban on immigration for the present on 
account of the surplus of 40,000 laborers on the Island, we cannot conceive how organ- 
ized labor can maintain its position that the extremely high wages paid labor at present 
can continue. The outcome of the present strike is awaited with much interest, but the 
feeling prevails that if the shipping interests maintain a firm attitude in the stand which 
they have taken, the strikers will be compelled to accept a reduction in wages, thereby 
permitting the shipping interests to operate more economically and inaugurate reductions 
in the present rates which are charged in the bay of Havana for the performance of 
lighterage, etc. 

During the month the union employees of the Cuban Portland Cement Company 
at Mariel declared a boycott against the company because the company found it neces- 
sary on account of the moratorium to reduce the working force. The lack of work on 
account of present conditions seemed to carry no weight with the strikers, their main 
objective being to remain on the payroll. Inasmuch as the moratorium has caused the 
suspension of many contemplated building operations on the Island, the question of 
efficiency of employees is considered when the weeding-out process is made. The boycott, 
however, is proving ineffective, as the company is going right along with its plans for 
an enlargement of the plant. 

PouiticaL Struation: Although General Jose Miguel Gomez, former president of 
Cuba and Liberal Candidate this election for president, made a special trip to Washington, 
D. C., to protest against the elections held in Cuba and particularly against the National 
League Candidate’s victory, the American Government, after carefully weighing the 
evidence produced, has decided that the election was fairly conducted and that Dr. 
Alfredo Zayas was legally elected to the presidency and General Francisco Carrillo was 
elected vice-president. Great preparations are now under way for the inauguration. 
A large banquet is now being arranged to be held at the new home of the “Jai Alai,”’ 
where it is expected that the greatest gathering that has ever taken place under one roof 
in Cuba will be held and at this banquet it is hoped that a reconciliation of all parties 
will be effected. 

INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE ‘SERVICE INAUGURATED: Possibly the greatest 
advancement in modern engineering development was accomplished during April 1921, 
when the international telephone system was finally established between the United 
States of America and the Island of Cuba. A submarine telephone line was laid between 
Key West, Fla., and Havana, Cuba, and on April 11th the President of the United 
States and the President of Cuba held telephone conversation between Havana and 
Washington, exchanging greetings and felicitations of good will. Other points in North 
America were connected as well at the same time. A splendid banquet was arranged at 
the general offices of the Cuban Telephone Company on April 11th to celebrate the 
inauguration of this wonderful accomplishment. President Menocal and his entire 
cabinet were assembled, as well as the diplomatic corps and hundreds of invited guests 
to “listen in” on these conversations, which were the longest ever held. 

Promptly at 5:00 p.m. on April 11th, the telephone on the desk in front of President 
Menocal was called from Washington, D. C., and answered by Mr. Sosthenes Behn, 


PEE CUO BA CR EV TLE W 11 


president of the Cuban Telephone Company of Havana. Washington stated that an 
extensive program had been arranged for the occasion, but before the presidents of the 
two republics held conversation it was the intention of the American Bell Telegraph 
and Telephone Company to connect Havana, Cuba, with the Santa Catalina Islands 
(off the south coast of California) to illustrate the practicability of this wonderful inven- 
tion of Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. The roll was then called; Washington summoned 
Key West, Palm Beach, Jacksonville, Brunswick, Charleston, Richmond, Washington, 
Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, Omaha, Denver, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Los 
Angeles and then the Santa Catalina Islands. As these cities were called, each answered 
and gave the name of the manager of the Telephone Company at the point speaking. 

The distance of the above mentioned connection was 5,470 miles and when it is 
remembered that the connection from Havana, Cuba, to Key West was via submarine 
cable (laid in many places at a depth of one and one-half miles below the surface of the 
gulf of Mexico) and that from the coast of California to the Island of Santa Catalina via 
radio telephone, some idea of the height of the perfection to which this very important 
twentieth century achievement has been brought may be conceived. The voices of the 
speakers at a distance of 5,470 miles were as clear as though the conversation were 
being held with a person in the very next room. Greetings were exchanged and the 
weather conditions maintaining at the two extremes of the telephone conversation were 
described. The sensation, to one listening in spellbound amazement to this wonderful 
conversation, can well be imagined. 

At exactly 5:30 p.m. President Harding and President Menocal were connected on 
the telephone and exchanged very cordial greetings for several minutes, President 
Menocal acknowledging in cordial language the expression of sincere friendship from 
President Harding. Later the different members of the cabinets of the two republics 
exchanged greetings and General Pershing saluted his friend and companion, General 
Enoch Crowder. The American Minister to Cuba, the Honorable Boaz W. Long, 
exchanged greetings with Dr. Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, Cuban Minister to Wash- 
ington. 

After the conversations a splendid banquet was held and music was rendered by 
Max Dolin’s orchestra. 

The telephone connection between the two countries had been in course of comple- 
tion for some time and much has been said for and against the completion of the line 
because of the enormous expense, and it was, for a time, questionable whether it was 
piacticable to hold these long distance conversations and whether or not the toll rates 
would not be prohibitive. This aspect of the question has been definitely decided now 
since it has been found that the traffic of the present three cable connections, one to 
Key West, Fla., one to Washington, D. C., and the third to New York, N. Y., is so great 
that additional cables will have to be laid in the near future for the efficient handling of 
the business. The rates are very low considering the distance and the service has already 
proved popular beyond the expectations of the officials of the companies operating the 
cables. 

U. S.S. “Minnesota” Leaves Havana: After a four months’ stay, the U. S.S. 
“Minnesota,” which during that time has been the official home of General Crowder 
and staff, sailed from Havana on Friday afternoon, April 4th. General Crowder remains 
in Havana and has moved his official headquarters to the American Legation in Cerro, 
while he is making his home at the Hotel Sevilla. Before leaving, the commander of the 
“Minnesota” addressed a letter to the captain of the port, Sr. Armando André, thanking 
him for the courtesies shown both the officers and men of the “‘ Minnesota” during her 
stay in Havana. 

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF Navy RoosEeveLT Visits CusBa: Colonel Roosevelt, 
Jr., Assistant Secretary of the Navy, arrived in Havana on April 20th via aeroplane. 
Col. Roosevelt after a short stay in Havana, during which time he was the guest of honor 
at a banquet at the American Legation, left for Guantanamo to review the maneuvers 
of the American sailors and marines stationed at that place. 


ooo 
12 THE CUOBA-REV LkiW. 


Foopsturrs IN Bap Conpition Dumprep at Sea: Colonel Manuel Despaigne 
found it necessary this month to condemn a large quantity of potatoes, rice and beans, as 
well as a considerable amount of merchandise which the consignees had refused to remove 
from the general wharves and which was valued at $35,000.00. All these foodstuffs 
and merchandise were hauled out to sea and dumped overboard. The sanitary depart- 
ment recently became somewhat alarmed at the conditions around the waterfront in 
Havana, and Colonel Despaigne was only too willing to cooperate with the department 
in its effort to improve the conditions. 

New Sreamsuie Service Between Pacrric Coast Ports anp Havana: The 
shipping interests in Havana have been reliably informed that the Pacific Mail Steam- 
ship Company is to inaugurate a service from the Pacific Coast to Baltimore, including 
Havana, Cuba, as a port of call. Some of the steamers of the Pacific Mail Steamship 
Company will touch Havana after having passed through the Panama Canal, while 
others will make the trip around the Horn, calling at ports of Central and South America. 
This service should prove interesting to passengers, since the time consumed from San 
Francisco through the Panama Canal and touching at Havana will be about twelve days. 

Cunarp Liners TO Catt AT Havana: It is also understood that during the month 
of June, the Cunard Line will inaugurate a service between Europe and Central and South 
American ports via New York, including Havana as a port of call. 

Rick Emparco TemMporariLy Lirrep: The embargo which was in effect against 
importations of rice has been temporarily lifted it would seem. On April 7th, the Japanese 
steamer ‘‘Chenad” arrived in Havana with 80,000 sacks of rice. We have not noticed 
any official bulletins recalling the embargo which has been in effect for some months, 
but presume special permission was secured from the Cuban Government to import 
this large cargo. 

S.S. ‘“ZeetaAnpIA” Brrncs Large NuMBER OF PAssENGERS: The fore part of 
this month the Royal Holland Lloyd Steamer ‘‘Zeelandia” arrived at Havana with 917 
passengers for Havana and general cargo, besides other passengers and cargo in transit 
to Vera Cruz, Mexico, and New Orleans, La. The Royal Holland Lloyd has enjoyed 
a very encouraging business since the inauguration of the service including Havana as 
a port of call. 

Proposep SEMAPHORE Station at Morro Castie: Mr. C. A. Gibson, special 
representative of the U. 8. Shipping Board, has pending with the Havana port authori- 
ties the question of establishing a semaphore system at Morro Castle for night signaling 
to ships calling at Havana for orders. Consideration is also being given to the establish- 
ment of a wireless system of communication for day signaling. Heretofore it has been 
necessary for vessels calling at the port of Havana for orders, especially at night, to 
either enter that port, or, if calling by day, to have these orders brought to them by pilot, 
which arrangement has never been satisfactory. The new plans, if they are carried 
out, will mean much to the companies operating vessels in these waters. 

GOVERNMENT WHARVES PracticaLLy Empty: It has recently been noted that 
while the government wharves are practically devoid of merchandise, many vessels are 
docking and unloading at private wharves in distant parts of the harbor. This pro- 
cedure entails additional difficulties and expense to the importers, which is entirely un- 
called for, and an appeal to the Collector of Customs to rectify the matter has been made. 

ALMENDARES BripGE OpENED TO PuBLic WitrH APPROPRIATE CEREMONY: On 
February 27th, the Almendares Bridge, connecting Vedado, one of Havana’s most beau- 
tiful suburbs, and the new Miramar Subdivision, was opened to the public. There was 
an address made by Sr. Ramon Mendoza. Other prominent citizens spoke and a high 
mass was held in one of the new parks adjacent to the new Miramar Subdivision. This 
new bridge connects Havana with the Country Club, the race track and other outlying 
pleasure resorts. It is a boon to motorists since many fine roads are laid out there, and 
it has also greatly increased the value of suburban property. Large sums of money have 
been spent on the development of these suburbs, and the results are pleasing to all 
interested in the development of city suburbs. 


EGE A CROEB A a eV LEW: 13 


New L&cistaTion AFFECTING SHIPMENT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES TO U. S.: 
The United States Secretary of Agriculture, in an order issued to become effective April 
lst, states in part that inasmuch as there exists in Cuba, the Bahamas, Jamaica and 
the Canal Zone, Costa Rica, India and the Philippine Islands, a certain black fly infesting 
citrus fruits, necessary precautions must be taken with shipments of fruit from the 
Island. The order in effect states that after April Ist, in order to prevent the introduc- 
tion of this pest into the United States, until further notice no fruits, vegetables or 
plants in their natural state may be imported into the United States until permission 
is secured from the agricultural department. 

However, a. later ruling by the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States per- 
mits the importation of fruits, vegetables and plants from the above mentioned coun- 
tries, provided a certificate is furnished by proper government officials that the ship- 
ments were not raised in, or came into contact in any way with, the zone or section in 
which the black fly pest has been discovered. This ruling covers all edible fruits, such as 
bananas, oranges, grapefruit, pineapples, tomatoes, peppers and lettuce, and portions 
of plants or twigs, but no restriction is placed upon processed or canned fruits. 

GENERAL Woop Nor To Come To Cusa Now: Answering the many rumors that 
General Leonard Wood was expected to come to Cuba upon a trip of investigation, 
Secretary of State Desvernine advises that the rumor is unfounded. There has been no 
intimation by the United States to Cuban authorities that General Wood will make such 
a trip and it is expected that soon after President Harding’s inauguration he will endorse 
the work of General Wood and continue him in his present capacity until the work 
is complete. 

The announcement that General Wood will not come to Cuba is disappointing to 
many Cubans, as the General is well liked throughout the Island and still popularly 
remembered for the good work he did at the outset of the American occupation after the 
close of the Spanish-American War. 

NATIONAL EprrorIAL AssocrIATION Visits Havana: The city of Havana was 
honored on March 26th, by the arrival of a large representation of the National Editorial 
Association, consisting of many prominent and distinguished editors and writers from 
all parts of the United States. They were received at the Presidential Palace by President 
Menocal and were given an honorary banquet at the Casino de la Playa by Cuban 
newspaper men. Local sightseeing and a trip to the interior over the United Railways 
were enjoyed by the editors and they left with a very high opinion of the Island and 
its people. One of the novel features of entertainment provided during their stay in 
Havana was a luncheon tendered by the ‘‘ Acera del Louvre”’ (The Boys of the Sidewalk) 
Association, arranged by Colonel d’Estrampes, the leader of the “Acera.” The novel 
experience of eating and drinking on the sidewalk proved interesting and amusing 
to the visitors. During the luncheon many distinguished public men addressed the 
association, including Dr. Alfredo Zayas, president-elect of Cuba. 

Passports No Longer REequireD: On April 4th, the State Department at Wash- 
ington decreed that passports would no longer be necessary for American citizens leaving 
or entering the United States. This ruling does not affect the status of aliens, who must 
continue to have their passports viséed. The ruling is receiving much favorable comment 
from Americans residing here, as well as the numerous visitors, who have been annoyed 
by the red tape previously required in order to travel between the two countries. 

To Honor Mortuers or Cuspan Repusiic: Cuba will have a Mothers’ Day, 
patterned after the one now observed in the United States, if the motion presented by 
Victor Mufioz, vice-president of the Municipal Council, is carried. The motion, if 
entertained, will designate a day in the second week in May for the celebration by acts 
of veneration, of the living mothers, and remembrance of those who have passed away 
by the wearing of white flowers. 

PLANS IN PROGRESS FOR AN ANGLO-SAXON HospiTaL IN Havana: At a meeting 
of a number of leading business men of the city several months ago, it was decided that a 
hospital to accommodate the English-speaking people of the city of Havana should be 


14 THE CUBA REVIEW. 


established at the earliest possible moment. A committee was formed, known as the 
Anglo-Saxon Hospital Committee, and plans were formulated for a vigorous campaign 
for funds. This committee, composed of several of the leading business men of the city, 
formed a corporation entitled the Anglo-Saxon Realty Company for the holding of title 
to property and buildings, and the solicitation for funds from individuals and business 
houses was begun. However, owing to the financial crisis on the Island, the matter was 
temporarily discontinued. Now that the business situation is improving, the committee 
is going ahead with renewed energy in the carrying out of the original plans. The 
amount necessary to build and equip the hospital is estimated at about $300,000.00 
and a drive is now on to secure this amount, by means of committees. . 

If the plans of the promotors prove successful, this hospital will be of inestimable 
benefit to the English-speaking people not only of Havana, but throughout the Island. 
There is a strong need for such an institution at the present time. 

INTERNATIONAL WRESTLING TOURNAMENT: ‘Twenty wrestlers, representing inane 
nationalities, are competing in an elimination tournament at the National Theatre in 
Havana for the world’s championship. Many of the best known wrestlers of the world 
are entered, among whom might be mentioned Chas. Cutler and J. Levvitt, representing 
the United States; K. Lemle, Austria; R. de Rohuen, France; M. Nestor, England; 
T. Lutoff, Russia and others. The results are being watched with interest by those 
members of the sporting fraternity interested in wrestling. 

MercHants AssociATION Discusses RarLtroap Rates: At the weekly luncheon 
of the Merchants Association held at the Restaurant Paris, the question of railroad 
tariffs and rates was again discussed. A committee appointed at a former meeting 
reported having conferred with the management of the United Railways relative to a 
reduction in the tariff upon several commodities, and advised that the management had 
agreed to ascertain from members of the Chamber of Commerce upon what specific 
articles the recent increase in rates was working a hardship. 

This is a step in the right direction and it is thought that some changes in the present 
rates will result which will be satisfactory to the business interests of the Island. 


Cuba-Jamaica Passenger Service 


The British steamship “La Belle Sau- 
vage,”’ of 530 gross tons, has recently en- 
tered the Cuba-Jamaica passenger service 
and plies between the ports of Kingston 
and Santiago. According to the operators, 
Messrs. Lindsay, Swan, Hunter (Ltd.), of 
Kingston, the vessel has accommodation 
for 25 cabin and 240 steerage passengers. 
The first-class fare from Kingston to San- 
tiago is £6 ae £3 for steerage. At pres- 
ent a bi-weekly service is maintained with 
sailings from Kingston on Monday and 
Thursday afternoons, the voyage occupy- 
ing approximately eighteen hours. There 
are seven steamships in the service. 

Havana Water Supply 

The plan originating in the city council 
for securing an abundant supply of water 
for the city of Havana has been approved 
by the Departments of Public Works and 
Sanitation and returned to the municipal 


authorities, who are studying ways and 
means for putting it into effect. 

It is planned to build a large filtering 
plant and make use of waters from the 
Almendares River. 

It is said that prompt action will be 
taken, and that residents of the capital 
may expect before long to enjoy an ample 
supply of water. 

Water now brought from Vento Spring 
is sometimes turbid as a result of rains, 
and the present plan includes the filtering 
of this supply as well as that from the 
river. The water tax at present collected 
from property owners will not be increased 
to pay for the contemplated improvement. 


New Banking Institution 


The Mercantile Trust Company has 
been established as a bank with an initial 
capital of $250,000 cash in the city of 
Havana. This bank will carry on the 
business of loans, drafts, pignorations, 
savings and other banking operations. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 15 


A Plantation Fertilizer Factory, Santa Clara Province 


The Fertilizer Industry in Cuba 


By H. O. Neville 


There is no doubt that the almost universal impression among those not familiar 
with the details of Cuba’s agriculture is that her soils are rich beyond imagination, and 
that, as a consequence, the use of fertilizers would be superfluous. There is no doubt 
also that broadly speaking there was a period in Cuba’s history when by far the largest 
part of her area was covered with immense virgin tropical forest, and that at that time 
the use of fertilizer or even that of cultivation in order to further the growth of crops was 
non-essential. Even yet there are to be found in various parts of the Island, especially 
in the three eastern provinces, Santa Clara, Camagiiey and Oriente, areas of land covered 
with the virgin forest which met the view of Columbus as he sailed along the Island’s 
northern shore, and here, when these lands are cleared of the timber and small growth 
covering them and are planted to cane or other of our crops, the use of fertilizer is unneces- 
sary and years pass by without their becoming impoverished. But in the three western 
provinces, Matanzas, Havana and Pinar del Rio, and also i in many parts of the Province 
vation of the same’ crop, sugar cane, has been carried on continuously for so a many 
years without the return to the al of the plant food removed therefrom by the crops 
grown thereon, that the use of fertilizer and of the more modern and careful agricultural 
practices connected therewith are imperative, if reasonably abundant returns are desired 
from the labor put forth. 

It is also a fact that scattered throughout the Island practically in all provinces, 
but especially occurring in the central portion of Camagiiey Province, the east-central 
of Santa Clara Province, the west-central of Matanzas Province, and in a very large 
area in the central and western portions of Pinar del Rio Province, there are found large 
bodies of land which apparently have never been covered by forest and whose fertility 
has always been very much lower than that of the wooded areas surrounding and adjacent 
to them. In the periods of ordinary agricultural activity in Cuba, these areas of soil have 
been avoided by the native agriculturist, but in periods of great profit from certain crops, 


16 THE CUBA REVTEW 


Nitrate of Soda in Lighters in Havana Harbor 


small portions of these areas have been utilized, advantage being taken of the benefits 
to be derived from fertilization; and the gradual improvement through cultivation and 
fertilization have transformed considerable bodies of these one time useless lands into 
soils of moderate fertility which respond bounteously to proper agricultural treatment. 
Especially has this been the case in the tobacco lands of central and western Pinar del 
Rio Province, where the small farms on which the tobacco has been grown have gradually 
extended in area through the gradual improvement of the lands immediately surrounding 
the small wooded areas where tobacco was originally planted and where the finest quality 
of leaf is still produced. It is also true that considerable areas of the light, red, porous 
“savannah”’ of Matanzas Province have been rendered valuable through the use thereon 
of high grade fertilizers in abundance, so that during the last two or three years of high 


THE CUBA REVIEW i 


or acceptable sugar prices the profits taken from these not long ago ‘‘worthless”’ soils 
have been great. 

_ That proper conclusions may be arrived at by the investigator into the possibilities 
of the fertilizer industry in Cuba, a résumé of the soil characteristics found in the various 
provinces of the Island will be helpful. In Pinar del Rio Province, in the extreme western 
portion, is found a small body of red land, in places a sandy loam, in others a heavier 
clay underlaid with limestone, which in many places appears above the surface as the 
well known “‘dog-tooth” rock formation so prevalent in many localities in Cuba. The 
lighter of these soils have been devoted for many years to tobacco growing, and have 
proved to be excellently adapted to the production of Irish potatoes, onions and other 
vegetables, and the use of fertilizer on all these crops has proved profitable. Irrigation 
water can be obtained in great abundance and at no great depth, so that the conditions 
for growth of these crops during the dry season are favorable. To the east of the 
Cuyaguateje River are found very large areas of true sandy loams, in all of which the 
use of fertilizer is essential in order that profitable crops be secured. To the north of the 
mountain range extending practically the whole length of the province and to the south 
of the central plain in which the sandy loams just referred to occur, are found large areas 
of black heavy clay soils, very fertile in their original state, now in places exhausted on 
account of the loss of the organic matter originally held by them, on which the use of 
fertilizers has not conclusively shown profit. Farther east in the central portion of the 
province and extending into Havana and Matanzas provinces, are large areas of red 
soil of two classes, one a heavy clay, the other a lighter pervious clay, both varying in 
depth from only a few inches overlying the limestone to a great many feet, both extremely 
productive in their original condition and even today under the proper use of irrigating 
water, capable of producing even without fertilizer, very acceptable crops. On the 
heavier of these red clays, the use of fertilizer has frequently been shown to be profitable, 
but as frequently the increase in the crop due to the fertilizer has not offset its cost; 
but on the rather more pervious red soils, known in Cuba as “‘terreno colorado de pol- 
villo,” failure to obtain profitable results from the use of fertilizer accompanied by normal 
care in cultivation has been very rare, and can be traced usually to the faults of the 
agriculturist himself. Interspersed throughout these large areas of red land are found 
quite large bodies of soils of heavier type and of colors varying from a deep black through 
brown to yellow on which the profitable use of fertilizer is a question of locality, as only 
by experiments carried out on individual farms can the advisability of the use of fertilizer 
in each farm be ascertained. 


The Province of Santa Clara generally consists of more virgin soils than those being 
farmed in the three western provinces. In the western portion of this province occur 
considerable bodies of the red soils which we have just mentioned, and these respond 
abundantly and surely to the use of fertilizer; but there are also found in this province 
very large areas of land, some of which have been under continuous cultivation for a 
great many years, and in which, due to their physical characteristics, the use of the 
ordinary commercial fertilizer has been shown to be unprofitable. These soils are 
uniformly of a very heavy type, are usually underlaid by a rather impervious clay, and 
through the many years of cultivation without the return to them of the organic matter 
which has been removed from them, have become inert mineral masses, the improve- 
ment of which is possible only through the mingling with them of large quantities of 
coarse materials such as the refuse of our filter presses ‘‘cachaza,”’ stable manure, and 
the plowing under of several leguminous crops. Even after this is done, these soils go 
~ back very rapidly to the condition in which they were found before this improving treat- 
ment, and it is generally acknowledged that about the only method to obtain fairly 
satisfactory results from their use is to prepare them thoroughly and after planting to 
give them the very best of cultivation. In the central portion of this province there is 
found quite an area of rather heavy sandy clay soils, very poor and lacking in drainage, 
on which the use of fertilizers accompanied by the proper agricultural methods has given 
good results. 


18 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Acid Phosphate in a Plantation Fertilizer Factory 


Fertilizer Materials in Stock in a Plantation Fertilizer Factory 


PHE CUBA REVIEW 19 


Camagiiey Province varies in soil characteristics perhaps as much, if not more, 
than any other province of the Island. Here lines of transportation have been established 
only within the last few years, so that five years ago there was a vast forest area occupy- 
ing her northern shores, and there is still today a similar large forest area covering the 
lands between the Cuba Railroad and the south shore, broken only where plantings 
have been made for the sugar mills established to the east of Ciego de Avila during the 
last three or four years of high sugar prices. In the extreme western portion of the 
province and extending to the east of Ciego de Avila, and pretty well along the entire 
north coast between Morén and the Maximo River, is found a body of red land in many 
places of great depth, of wonderful original fertility, but which is already beginning to 
feel the need of fertilizers, on which these can be and are being used with profitable 
results. Similarly in the lighter lands of the central plain, there are considerable areas 
on which the use of fertilizers is commercially profitable. 

Only Oriente Province is left to be considered. As a whole the province is very new 
from an agricultural standpoint. In the Guantanamo district, however, quite a number 
of sugar mills are located within a limited area, compelling their owners to make the most 
intense use possible of the lands subject to their control, with the result that here the 
fertility of the soil has been greatly reduced and the necessity for restoring to it the plant 
foods removed has been recognized for some time, and we understand that quite satis- 
factory results have been obtained from the use of fertilizers in particular classes of the 
soil in the Guantdnamo Valley. However, it is doubtful whether the use of fertilizers 
on 90% of the soils of this province will ever prove profitable, as they consist mostly of 
the heavy black types underlaid at no great depth with a more or less impervious clay, 
which have resisted all attempts to improve their crops through fertilization. 

From the above, a brief summary indicates that the areas of land which respond to 
the proper use of fertilizers are as follows: A large portion of the Province of Pinar del 
Rio, especially south and east of the mountain range; a considerable area in Havana 
Province, this consisting mostly of the lighter type of red soil; a very large percentage 
of the Province of Matanzas, consisting also of varying qualities of red soil; a consider- 
able area in the western portion of Santa Clara Province, and a small area in the central 
portion thereof; similarly a considerable area in the western portion of Camagiiey Pro- 
vince, some small areas along the north coast near and to the west of La Gloria, and an 
area of considerable size in the central plain of this province; and in the Guantdnamo 
Valley a small area of lands long devoted to the cultivation of sugar cane. 

The history of the fertilizer industry in Cuba is quite similar to that which would 
result from the attempted introduction of anything new to the Latin-American agri- 
culturist in any other country. Our farmers are always “from Missouri” with regard 
to anything with which they are not familiar and which they have not seen tried out 
practically. It was, therefore, no surprise when the first small fertilizer factory or mixing 
plant, established near Havana about 1884 or 1885, by Conde Ibdfiez and Edgar Car- 
bonne, failed. The managers of the business were similar to the planters to whom 
they intended to sell their fertilizers, in that they themselves were not familiar with the 
mdustry which they were attempting to introduce. 

The history of the fertilizer business here can be divided into three phases: that 
of the introduction and use of Peruvian Guano, that of the introduction and use of 
commercial fertilizers prepared abroad and imported, and that of the preparation in 
Cuba of the same class of fertilizer. 

Peruvian Guano was introduced to the agriculturists of Cuba about 1881, through 
the European firm Ollendorff Fertilizer Works, in connection with H. Upmann, one of 
Cuba’s bankers. The business was continued later between 1885 and 1894 by Sr. 
Bonifacio Pifién, in connection with the Peruvian Corporation, and still later between 
1894 and 1898 by the Compagnie Generale Commercial Francaise, also in conjunction 
with the Peruvian Corporation, these firms working through 8. F. Berndes & Co., of 
Havana. In 1898, this business was transferred from the French Co. to W. R. Grace 
& Co., who, with the Peruvian Corporation and R. Berndes, continued shipping this 


20 THE CUBA~REVIEW 


Interior View of Fertilizer Factory at a Cuban Sugar Mill 


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material into the Island. This relationship was continued until 1904, during which 
interval four cargoes had been received, these coming in the steamers ‘Flor de Lys,” 
“Capac,” “Cacique” and “Condor.’”’ The crudeness of the fertilizer industry here at 
that time is indicated by the fact that the material from each of these vessels was sold 


THE CUBA REVIEW 21 


Fertilizer Mixing Machinery in a Plantation Fertilizer Factory 


under the name of the steamer bringing it as a trade mark, no reference whatever being 
made to analysis of the Guano. 

The result secured from this material, which was used entirely to fertilize tobacco, 
was excellent, as long as the old deposits on the Peruvian Coast were being worked, 
but when these were exhausted and the newer deposits were drawn on, the material 
taken therefrom contained such a high percentage of chlorine as to injure the burning 


a OO 


22 THE CUBA REVIEW. 


tT 


rrr 
KT the 7" 


The Dutch Steamer “‘Ridondo” in Havana with Cargo of Nitrate of Soda 


) ener AEN, 
EEO IEE. 


rae 


be 
PH 

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ES 


Nitrate of Soda Storage Warehouse, Regla, Havana 


THE CUBA REVIEW 23 


qualities of the tobacco fertilized with it. This caused, of course, the demand to drop 
off, this continuing until the business was destroyed and importation ceased. The 
prejudice against it had become so great that some of the cigar manufacturers in Havana 
placed a label on top of each box of cigars, stating that the tobacco used in making the 
cigars had not been grown with the use of Peruvian Guano as fertilizer. 

The period of the importation and use of Peruvian Guano and that of the intro- 
duction and extension of the use of modern commercial fertilizers prepared abroad and 
imported into Cuba overlapped by about three or four years. We have seen that the 
last cargo load of Peruvian Guano was received in 1904; about four years previously, 
however, Messrs. Fred & Henry Piel, operating from ‘Havana, introduced genuine 
chemical fertilizers under the trade name ‘‘Estrella.”” We understand that these goods 
were obtained from the American Agricultural Chemical Co. in the United States, and 
thus represented the first entry of this firm in the fertilizer business of Cuba. The 
Piel Brothers sold a first class fertilizer coming up to its analysis and giving satisfactory 
results on the tobacco crops to which it was applied, and began the demand for a white 
fertilizer for tobacco, which has ever since prevailed. About this time also the American 
Agricultural Chemical Co. through other agents-in. Cuba sold a considerable quantity 
of their goods, and thus paved the way for a more intimate connection with our fertilizer 
industry in later years. Slghtly later also the firm of Frank Robins & Co. introduced 
the goods of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. to the tobacco growers of Pinar del 
Rio Province, and Swift. & Co. also began to place their products among these people. 
Other firms, for instance, Zabala & Co., as representatives of Baker Bros., of New York, 
also were influential in increasing the demand for fertilizers. As early as 1901, Zabala 
& Co. had issued pamphlets giving instructions to our planters regarding fertilizers 
and their use, and we believe that it was through them that the first sound experiments 
were made on the use of fertilizers on sugar cane in Cuba, and as early as 1904 the fer- 
tilizer imported by this firm amounted to nearly 4,000 0s during the 1904 calendar 
year. ~ 

The first indication of the establishment of fertilizer factories in Cuba, in which the 
goods to supply the ever growing demand for fertilizers might be prepared, was the in- 
stallation in the city of Pinar del Rfo, in 1907, of a fertilizer factory in which the holders 
of the majority stock were W. R. Grace & Co., of New York, other stockholders being 
Berndes & Co., and other private individuals in Cuba. At the time that this factory 
was established, the use of fertilizer on sugar cane was in reality just beginning, and 
doubtless wisdom seemed to point to Pinar del Rio as the best place in which the factory 
could be built, inasmuch as nearly all the fertilizer then being employed in the Island 
was being used to fertilize tobacco in the Province of Pinar del Rio. This factory 
continued operations until 1909, meeting with indifferent success, but in the latter year 
one of Cuba’s severe cyclones destroyed the factory building, leaving the company 
with a large stock of raw fertilizer materials on hand. The indifferent results secured 
from the previous operation of the business caused the company to decide to liquidate, 
thus leaving the stock of raw materials on the hands of W. R. Grace & Co., who had 
apparently no way in which to utilize it. This difficulty, however, was solved by the 
establishment in Havana of a branch of the Nitrate Agencies Co., one of the many 
units of this organization, a subsidiary of W. R. Grace & Co., whose object is the sale 
direct to the consumer of raw fertilizer ingredients of all kinds. Further mention will 
be made of this agency a little later. 

About the time that this factory was being destroyed, the American Agricultural 
Chemical Co. established a mixing plant in the warehouses of the United Railways Co. 
on the shores of Havana Harbor in Regla. This we believe to have taken place in 1909, 
since which date the increase in demand for the company’s products has compelled the 
gradual extension in area occupied by the plant, until at this writing eight sections of 
the warehouses of the United Railways are devoted to the work of the company. The 
plant is so situated as to have deep water connection and railroad connection with all 
the principal lines operating throughout Cuba, thus facilitating the reception of the 


24 THE CUBA. REVIEW. 


A>"! ® 


Se). SR OES Ae 


Finishing up a Batch of about 1,000 Tons of Fertilizer Mixed by Hand at Elizalde, Matanzas Province 


raw materials required and the shipping both by boat and rail of the manufactured 
product. The American Agricultural Chemical Co. has maintained an excellent repu- 
tation for its goods, and through active agents has established a first class solid business 
in Cuba and has the good will and friendship of a large percentage of our agricultural 
population. 

Mention has been made of the Nitrate Agencies Co. It has always been the policy 
of this Institution to encourage the farmers to know as much as possible about the 
fertilizers that they use on their farms, and to purchase the ingredients required for making 
up their fertilizers, mixing these themselves on their own farms or in small cooperatively 
operated fertilizer mixing plants. As a result of their endeavors here, a considerable 
number of small mixing plants have been established throughout the Island, some being 
operated by individuals, others by companies of small capital, and others by sugar mills 
for the purpose of being able to supply their cane growers with high quality fertilizers 
at the lowest possible price. Among the mill organizations that have made the greatest 


Rebagging Nitrate of Soda in Regla Warehouses, Havana 


THE CUBA REVIEW 25 


Laboratory of Sugar Mill Fertilizer Factory, Comite del Nitrate de Chile, Havana 


advance in this line, is that of the Cuban American Sugar Co., at two of its mills, ‘“Tin- 
guaro” and “Constancia.’”’ Mr. Caldwell, the manager of Tinguaro, has for many 
years had connected with his agricultural department a research laboratory in which 
analyses have been made of soils, fertilizers, etc., and the chemist in charge of this work 
has also had charge of experiment work with fertilizers in the lands from which the cane 
supply of ‘““Tinguaro” is obtained. This company operates over a very large area con- 
taining many different classes of soils, so that many different experiments were required 
in order to ascertain the class of fertilizer best adapted to each of the varieties of soil. 
In the same way at ‘‘Constancia” investigation work has been carried on for a number 
of years, the results obtained now being sufficient to standardize pretty accurately 
the requirements of each of the soils from which her cane supply is obtained. Other 
mixing plants of a similar capacity have been established at Centrals ‘Mercedes,’ 
“Cuba,” etc., etc., some of these plants having attained a production as great as 8,000 
tons per year. Some of them supply the needs of their own cane growers, and also sell 
a part of their product to growers not immediately connected with the estate. Among 


26 PAE ACOD AVR EY LEW. 


View of Motive Power Used in Plant 


the private plants operated for profit may be mentioned those at Cardenas and Calimete, 
the Compania Cubana de Abonos, Sucesores de Gancedo, Toca & Co., and at Matanzas, 
Bea & Co., who have also recently become interested in the fertilizer business and have 
erected the buildings required for the installation of the machinery that they will require. 
A provision of fertilizer materials has already been made by this firm for this year’s 


THE CUBA REVIEW 27 


trade. In Havana also the by-products of the slaughter houses are utilized for fertilizing 
purposes, at one of the slaughter houses suitable machinery having been installed for 
the purpose of crushing bone and of mixing complete fertilizers utilizing their waste 
products with other materials furnishing nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash imported 
from abroad. 

The fertilizer activities of Armour & Co., in the United States, have dated back 
a great many years, but the former managers of the Cuban branch did not seem to con- 
sider this phase of their business as of possible profit in Cuba. When, however, Mr. 
Geo. Younie took charge of Armour’s business here, he came to the conclusion that 
a broad field lay ahead of the fertilizer business here, and as a result established a mixing 
plant on the shores of Havana Harbor, in Hacendados, this being about 1911, and later, 
about 1916, began the construction of what today is the only complete fertilizer manu- 
factory in Cuba on the north shore of Matanzas Harbor, about two miles east of the city 
of Matanzas. Here a fine wharf has been built, at which deep draft sea going vessels 
can unload, and railroad communication has been established through the lines of the 
Matanzas Terminal Railway Co. with the United Railway Co., and through it with all 
the other lines in Cuba. The plant is a complete unit, containing all the machinery 
and apparatus necessary for the handling of raw rock phosphate, its transformation 
into acid phosphate and the mixing of this material with other fertilizer ingredients 
imported from abroad. No other fertilizer company in Cuba is in a position to make 
acid phosphate, and we doubt if any other company here has the same broadness of 
facility for securing certain of the fertilizer ingredients so necessary, especially for our 
cane fertilizers. Every mechanical device has been installed at this plant that would 
conduce to rapidity and economy of operations, so that it seems as if Armour & Co., 
though one of the latest of our fertilizer units to branch out and occupy a prominent 
position in our industry, has surrounded itself with these conditions which will enable 
it to compete to advantage with all competitors. 


Since the establishment of the fertilizer industry in Cuba, one of the healthy in- 
fluences tending always towards the increase of knowledge of fertilizers and their use by 
our agriculturists has been the propaganda carried on by the German Kali Works, repre- 
sentatives in Cuba of the Potash Syndicate of Germany, who at first through commercial 
agents and later through a regularly established propaganda office in charge of H. C. 
Henricksen, published and distributed free pamphlets and other literature, and for 
many years (until the War) gave advice of an unprejudiced character to all those who 
requested it. In a similar manner in 1912, the Chilean Nitrate Committee, the pro- 
paganda agents for the dissemination of knowledge regarding the use of nitrate of soda, 
established an office in Havana under the charge of the writer, and from this office as 
headquarters information has been as broadly given as has been possible. The use of 
both potash and nitrogen in Cuba is subsidiary and dependent on that of phosphoric 
acid, and as a consequence both the propaganda of the German Kali Works and of the 
Chilean Nitrate Committee have had to recognize the essential character of phosphoric 
acid in our fertilization, and, consequently, has had to recommend the use of so called 
complete fertilizers. In this way the work of these two organizations has been of 
assistance to those units of our fertilizer industry which have been operating with honesty 
as their keynote, and there is no doubt that the influence of the two offices mentioned 
has been helpful and beneficial to our agricultural population. 


From the above it will be seen that from the original small failure of 1885, and the 
first active steps toward the introduction of chemical fertilizers about 1900, rapid and 
steady progress has been made, until now considerable capital is invested in the fertilizer 
industry in Cuba and a heavy demand has arisen. At this writing, of course, the fer- 
tilizer business here is affected, as it is in every other country, the low price of agricultural 
products compelling the farmer to go slow, thus restraining him from using as large 
quantities of fertilizer as he otherwise would, but this situation will doubtless last only 
for a short time, until normal conditions again prevail in the markets for our agricultural 
products. The total fertilizer consumption of the Island can only be guessed at, as 


28 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Mixing a Small Batch of Fertilizer for Experimental Purposes 


The First Step Toward What Became a Large Fertilizer Business, Central Providencia, Havana Province 


THE CUBA REVIEW 29 


information regarding the output of each one of the units supplying the demand is difficult 
to obtain. Estimates made by those closely in touch with the situation vary all the 
way from about 60,000 tons to as high as 120,000. 


As has already been indicated, the consumption of fertilizer in Cuba began in the 
tobacco fields of Pinar del Rio Province, Peruvian Guano being at first the only material 
employed, but later on with the introduction of chemical fertilizers by Piel Brothers, 
the demand sprang up among growers of this crop for a ‘“‘white”’ fertilizer, which has 
since persisted. Analysis of the fertilizers used in the tobacco fields and also the com- 
ponent materials used in their manufacture vary somewhat, but we believe that a repre- 
sentative analysis is 3% ammonia, 6% to 8% phosphoric acid and 3% to 6% potash, 
the quantity of potash depending in recent years upon the price at which this material 
could be provided. The materials used in the standard tobacco fertilizer are: sulphate 
of ammonia and cotton seed meal as sources of nitrogen; ground bone, single and 
double acid phosphate as sources of phosphoric acid; and high grade, practically 
chlorine free, sulphate of potash or nitrate of potash as the source of potash. A pre- 
judice has existed in the minds of nearly all tobacco growers against the use of nitrate 
of soda as a source of nitrogen for tobacco fertilization, but the result of experiments 
covering a considerable number of years in various classes of soil, not only in Pinar del 
Rio Province but also in the Partidos District of Havana Province, has shown con- 
clusively that a part of the nitrogen in tobacco fertilizers can be obtained advantageously 
from nitrate of soda. In the experiments mentioned, one-half of the nitrogen was 
obtained from nitrate of soda and one-half from sulphate of ammonia in the fertilization 
of plats which year after year gave the largest crop of tobacco of the nest burning quality. 
The quantity of fertilizer used is so much per 1,000 plants, the Cuban unit “arroba” 
being employed and the quantity varying from one arroba to one and one-half arrobas 
per 1,000 plants. An arroba is 25 pounds, and planting is so made that from 12,000 to 
17,000 plants occupy an acre. 


When citrus planting in Cuba assumed sufficient importance to entitle it to the name 
of an industry, by far the largest area planted had been in the newer richer lands of the 
two eastern provinces, Camagiiey and Oriente, but considerable areas had been planted 
in the sandy lands of Pinar del Rio Province and in the lighter clay loams of Havana and 
Matanzas Provinces, and some acreage in the poor soils of central Santa Clara Province. 
The result has been that the use of fertilizers on these lands for this crop has demon- 
strated that the results were so favorable that, taking into consideration the small total 
area planted, the consumption of fertilizer for citrus production is quite large. The 
most successful growers have, without variation, been those who have accompanied 
generous fertilization with sufficient irrigation to offset the most serious effects of our 
customary long winter drought. The fertilizers usually employed by our citrus growers 
differ in nitrogen and potash content, depending upon the age of the grove, the higher 
nitrogen content being utilized for young groves rapid growth of which is desired, and 
the more heavily potashed fertilizers being used on older producing groves, especially 
on those whose fruit, such a grapefruit, must be shipped abroad in order to find a market. 
A representative formula for the young grove not yet in full production might be given as 
5% ammonia, 6% to 8% phosphoric acid and 3% potash, while for the older fully pro- 
ducing groves a representative formula may be taken as 3% to 4% ammonia, 6% to 
8% phosphoric acid and from 6% potash up. It has become customary also among 
our citrus growers to make an application of nitrate of soda alone, usually in December 
if conditions are favorable, otherwise in the early spring, with the idea of forcing an 
early bloom, so that fruit ripening in August and September can be obtained, thus secur- 
ing the high prices paid for fruit coming into market at this off-season period. The 
success achieved by those of our growers who have been generous with their fertilizers 
and have been in position to give a limited amount of irrigation has been remarkable, 
contrasting greatly with the results of the work of those who have been parsimonious 
in the use of fertilizers and have not been in position to give the irrigation required to 
overcome the retarding influence of the dry winter months. 


30 THE CUBA REVIEW 


A Group of “‘Guajiros’’ Taking Lessons in the Mixing of Chemical Fertilizers Near Consolacion 


The sweet potatoes, malangas, yams, corn and other food crops grown by the native 
Cubans for home consumption, are all grown without fertilizer, notwithstanding the 
fact that experiments have demonstrated that, especially on the root crops, the use of 
fertilizer gives a very great increase in the yield. When this statement is made, of 
course, it is understood that this increase is obtained on those lands which are universally 
recognized as best adapted for the growth of this class of crop, that is, the lighter or 
sandier loams. But the native Cuban who usually has more land than he can possibly 
cultivate to such crops, prefers doubling the area in order to obtain the quantity of these 
roots that he requires either for his own home consumption or for market, as at the 
season when these crops are planted his time is usually valueless, representing nothing 
to him, while the purchase of fertilizer, of course, would involve a cash outlay. There is, 
however, another class of vegetable grower in Cuba whose product, consisting of peppers, 
eggplants, lima beans, summer squash, tomatoes and okra, are intended for exportation 
to the markets of the northern portion of the United States. These plantings, of course, 


Interior View of Factory 


THE CUBA wh ESV I EW. 31 


are made only where favorable conditions therefor exist, irrigation water in abundance 
being a prime necessity, and, therefore, these plantings are found either in the Giiines 
District where abundant irrigation water is available, or in west central Pinar del Rio 
Province, where a sandy loam of good quality is found along the edges of small ponds, 
lakes and streams, these furnishing the water required for irrigation. In the Gitines 
District, as also in Pinar del Rio, we believe that the growth of vegetables was begun 
by Americans who saw the opportunities lying ahead of farmers who would take scientific 
advantage of the facilities available, and as these parties had been familiar with the 
growth of these crops in the North, it was very natural that the use of fertilizers should 
have commenced from the very beginning of these plantings. It has also been found 
that these people have lent themselves most readily to the home mixing of fertilizers, 
as by following the practice the quality of their fertilizers is assured and the component 
materials can be varied, thus better adjusting the fertilizers to the particular period of 
growth of the plant. The majority of growers of vegetables of this class utilize a ferti- 
lizer containing from 4% to 6% ammonia, 6% to 8% phosphoric acid and 5% to 6% 
potash, the ammonia being obtained from a combination of nitrate of soda and sulphate 
of ammonia during the early part of the season, and later from nitrate of soda alone, 
the phosphoric acid from single or double acid phosphate, and the potash from high 
grade sulphate of potash. A few of the most successful growers also like to include 
among the fertilizer materials supplying ammonia, sufficient high grade tankage to 
furnish about one-third of the total ammonia in the fertilizer. 


It is well known that the principal product of Cuba is sugar, and, of course, the cane 
from which this is produced is grown entirely on the Island. Cuba’s record crop of 
sugar has been practically 4,000,000 long tons, for the production of which, assuming 
an average sugar production of 12% of the weight of the cane ground, would require 
the grinding of 33,333,333 long tons of sugar cane, which, assuming an average production 
per acre of 20 tons, would require the cultivation of 1,666,666 acres. As we have pre- 
viously indicated, the quantity of high grade fertilizer used per acre on those sugar plan- 
tations where fertilization is practiced is high, averaging at least about 600 pounds per 
acre, so that if the total acreage planted were fertilized at this rate, practically 500,000 
tons of fertilizer would be required. It is doubtful, however, if even 20% of the lands 
planted to cane in Cuba are thus fertilized, so that we presume that an outside estimate 
of the quantity of fertilizer required for sugar cane would be 100,000 tons. Nowhere 
else in the world that we know of are analyses of cane fertilizers so high, as one of the 
favorite formule during the past two or three seasons has analyzed 10% ammonia, 
and 14% available phosphoric acid, while such a formula as 7% to 8% ammonia, 
8% to 10% phosphoric acid and 3% to 6% potash (in the days when potash was at a 
normal price) can be considered standard. The materials of which the fertilizer is 
composed have been found not to be of particular importance, as sugar cane appears 
to be able to obtain its nourishment from practically all classes of raw materials, but the 
most favorite sources of plant foods are tankage, dried blood, nitrate of soda and 
sulphate of ammonia as sources of ammonia; ground bone, single and double acid 
phosphate as sources of phosphoric acid; and sulphate of potash as the source of potash. 
Of course, with this crop it is not essential that the chlorine content of the sulphate 
of potash be limited, as is the case with tobacco. 

The fertilizer industry in Cuba is untrammeled by such requisites as exist in the 
United States, whereby the consumer is protected and the manufacture of fertilizer 
compelled to make his goods correspond to the analysis under which they are sold or 
else suffer the consequences. There is a requirement in Cuba that the manufacturer 
must either print on the bags or on a tag attached thereto the guaranteed minimum 
content of ammonia, available and total phosphoric acid, and potash contained in 
the goods within the bag, but no system of inspection is in vogue, so that each consumer 
has to protect his own interests sending for analysis samples of the goods he has purchased 
either to the Government Experiment Station at Santiago de las Vegas or else at his own 
expense to private chemists. The result of this lack of supervision has been that loose 


32 THE CUBA REV LEW 


Home Mixing Scene, Herradura, Province of Pinar del Rio 


habits have been cultivated by a great many of our fertilizer manufacturers, especially 
those managing locally organized companies. These have not been any too careful in 
the selection and use of the raw materials employed to make up their goods, nor in re- 
quiring definitely that their manufactured products conform to the analysis under which 
they are sold. The trying period of the fertilizer industry into which we are entering, 
will, however, sift the chaff from the wheat, and we believe that it will not be long before 
only the solid substantial companies putting out worthy and meritorious goods in which 
implicit confidence can be had, will continue to supply the demand for fertilizers in Cuba. 
The prospects of the fertilizer industry here at present are similar to those con- 
fronting practically every other industry, not only here but throughout the world. 
Throughout the United States wheat, corn, cotton, peanut, rice, fruit and truck growers 
have all felt the influence of smaller demand and lower prices. Just so in Cuba, the 
growers of our principal crops, sugar and tobacco, have found the demand much below 
normal, and prices obtainable very much lower than even the cost at which these pro- 
ducts are being grown, with the result that the greater the crop the heavier the loss. 
Naturally no incentive remains for the use of fertilizers, especially on a crop like cane, 
which stands in the field for so long and is harvested at such a late date after planting, as 
to enable calculations regarding the possible price to be obtained therefor to be rather 
hazardous. Therefore, we believe that in the cane industry fertilizers will be used only 
by those whose lands without fertilizer would produce so little as not to return the 
cultivation expense, or by those who are so favorably situated as to enable them to pro- 
duce with extraordinary cheapness. But this condition must be only temporary. There 
is no doubt that prosperity will return, and with its return a heavier demand for all 
classes of necessities, and also a demand for a great many luxuries will spring up, so 
that there will again be a request for fertilizers in large quantities among our sugar and 
tobacco planters, and the more careful and intelligent preparation of the soil and 
cultivation of the planted fields that will be required in this more normal period to 
come, will cause the returns from the use of fertilizers to be considerably greater dollar 
for dollar of the money involved. There is no doubt whatever that the present fertilizer 
manufacturing capacity of the Island is fully sufficient to meet any demands that may 
spring up until the full return of the normal period to which we have just referred, but 
it seems possible that at that time further expansion will be necessary among these 
companies who have been so managed as to live through the present depression. 


THE OUBA GRE V LEW. 33 


The Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 


As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York 

Bid Asked 
Republicsot Cuba Interior Moana %, Bonds. 9. 2.5.2: 2- ei. ae cee ne els ss 65 68 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944..................... 81 83 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949..................... 79 82 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 444% Bonds of 1949................... 70% 
Eeivana, ity Hirst Morteace-69;5-Bbonds. 02.2 25.265 eres bee eee ks 85 95 
Havana. City second. Morigace.67, Bonds)... 20s Stas ee ee ee 85 95 
GarastallroadePrererred« StOCK nook. faces qn ohih sks bse aves eA: 40 45 
Cuba Railroad 1st Mortgage 5% Bonds of 1952......................... 67 70 
Cuba Company-69, Depenture. Bonds... 22. fierce ao Deets Ses ee a es 67 80 
Cuba/Company,..% Cumulative Preferred Stock... -. 1... <.2-:e002++--- 68 77 
Havana Electric Ry. Co. Consolidated Mortgage 5% Bonds.............. 72 75 
Havana Electric Ry., Light & Power Co. Preferred Stock................ 80 90 
Havana Electric Ry., Light & Power Co. Common Stock................ 70 80 
Cuban American Sugar Co. Preferred Stock......-.........2-.2-.2203%: 85 874 
Cuban American Sugar Co. Common Stock...................00000000% 19144 20 
SME AU AMOR SHE ATA@ OF OLOCKS An tile stn d eae s Gs see ede xin oad 1134 12% 


Cuban Clearing House 


The Cuban Clearing House opened in 
Havana Monday with the following mem- 
bers: National City Bank, American 
Foreign Banking Corporation, Mercantile 
Bank of America in Cuba, Royal Bank of 
Canada, Bank of Nova Scotia, Canadian 
Bank of Commerce, Trust Co. of Cuba, 
Pedro Gomez Mena y Hijo, Banco del 
Comercio and N. Gelats y Cia. 

Opening of the Clearing House is 
expected to facilitate business between 
banks greatly and to aid in clearing up the 
congestion which moratorium transactions 
have caused. The next moratorium 
payment is due on May 15th, and 100% 
by the end of June. Most of the foreign 
banks have been forced to carry 100% 
reserve against their deposits during the 
crisis, so that the payments have caused 
them no inconvenience. 


Internal Revenue Stamps on Consular 
Invoices 

Circular No. 16 of the Cuban Treasury 
Department, dated October 28, 1920, states 
that an internal revenue stamp for the 
total value of the invoice must be placed 
on each sheet of every consular invoice that 
is presented for clearance of goods in Cuban 
custom houses. 


Independent Warehouses, Inc., of Cuba 


The Independent Warehouses, Inc., 
which now operates fourteen storage ware- 
houses in the metropolitan district of New 
York, has organized Independent Ware- 
houses, Inc., of Cuba, with an authorized 
capital of $500,000. The new company 
has acquired and is now operating twelve 
warehouses in Cuba. 

At the present time the company is 
specializing in the storage of sugar in large 
volume. However, the charter of the or- 
ganization provides for the conduct of a 
general warehousing business. 


New Fuel Oil Company in Cienfuegos 


It is reported that representatives of 
the Royal Dutch Shell (Anglo-Mexican 
Petroleum Co.) have been making in- 
vestigations and are seeking a site for the 
erection at Cienfuegos of a fuel oil tank, 
and the establishment there of a station 
for the importation and sale of the 
Mexican product. Fuel oil companies at 
present established at this port are the 
Sinclair Cuba Oil Co., the Texas Co. and 
the West India Oil Co. 

According to present plans, the com- 
pany is understood to be confining its 
proposed operations to the ports of Habana, 
Cienfuegos and Matanzas. A very 
desirable site is reported to have been 
acquired at Habana, and the construction 
of a tank to have been begun there also. 


34 THE CUBA REVIEW 


The Sugar Industry 


Operating Results in Cuba 

Under date of May 7th, Facts About 
Sugar gives the following information 
on operating results in Cuba: 

Figures showing the operating results 
obtained by a number of important Cuban 
sugar mills, up to about-the end of March, 
indicate the extent to which the 1920-21 
campaign has been subject to interruption 
from unfavorable weather and give data 
on the showing of the current crop in 
sucrose content, purity and yield. 

Among the mills reporting are those 
of the Punta Alegre Sugar Company, 
the American Sugar Refining Company’s 
Central Cunagua, several other large mills 
in the eastern provinces and one or two 
in Santa Clara. The data are as follows: 


Percentages 
Yield 
Sucrose Normal juice 96° 
in cane Suc. Pur. sugar 
12.82 13.19 $1.62 11.37 
12.07 13.76 79.10 10.38 
11.84 13.82 82.37 10.62 
13.20 15.21 $3.67 11.75 
12.21 14.11 82.48 10.84 
12.20 14.02 80.21 10.57 
11.35 13.10 80.39 9.85 
12.16 14.61 $4.06 10.69 
13.13 15,08 $4.60 11.43 
12.99 15.59 $3.80 11.21 
12.43 14.38 84.18 1115 
12.65 14.24 $1.00 11.53 
12.90 15.06 $4.75 11.19 
13.43 ares ee 11.40 
The highest percentages of sugar re- 
covery among the mills in this table is 


shown by Central Florida and the lowest 
by Central Agustin. Sucrose in 
cane was highest at San Ramon and 
lowest at San Agustin. Sucrose in juice 
was highest at Caracas and lowest at 
San Agustin. Purity of juice was highest 
at Soledad and lowest at Rio Cauto. 

The highest percentage of time lost 
during the campaign is reported by 
Punta Alegre, 32.66%, the figures for other 
mills reporting being as follows: Trinidad, 
3144; Rio Cauto, 28.73; Caracas, 
27.21; Cunagua, 26.27; Florida, 19.72; 
Soledad, 18.39; Hormiguero, 18.02; Ermita, 
17.24; San Agustin, 15.79; Agramonte, 
12.88. The eastern mills in this group 
have, on the average, lost more time than 
those in the western provinces. 


San 


Consumption of fuel oil to weight of 
cane ground was greatest, among mills 
reporting in this particular, at Caracas, 
7.20%. Ermita was next with 4.35%. 
The percentages for the other mills are: 
Jatibonico, 3.37; Trinidad, 3.05; Soledad, 
2.63; Rio Cauto, 2.34; Punta Alegre, 
2.24; Cunagua, 1.42. 


New Refinery at Cienfuegos 


The formation at Cienfuegos of a new 
company for the operation of a sugar 
refinery has just been announced. It 
is known as the Damuji Refinery and 
is capitalized for $125,000. Construction 
operations have been begun, and it is 
announced that the plant will be ready 
for operation about the middle of July. 
It will have a capacity of about 100 bags 
of sugar daily. 

The officers of the company are Enrique 
Regalado, president; Roberto Caballero, 
vice-president; Rafael Fiol Caballero, 
secretary; Florencio Rafael Velis, trea- 
surer; Justo Regalado, manager. The 
directors are Cipriano Arias, Carlos 
Trujillo, Antonio Oviedo, Federico Laredo 
Bru, Donato Artimé, Ricardo Guerra, 
Luis Emilio Hernandez and Emilio Mon- 
tano. 


Estimated German Sugar Consumption 
for Production Period 1920-21 

Mr. Howard W. Adams, representative 
of the Department of Commerce, reports 
from Berlin that it is estimated that the 
German sugar production for the 1920-21 
period will reach a total of 970,000 tons. 
It will probably be necessary to supple- 
ment this amount by an importation of 
20,000 tons. The retail price of sugar 
during the current production year has 
averaged 8 paper marks per kilo (2.2 
pounds), and the average price for im- 
ported sugar has been about 12 paper 
marks per kilo. With these prices as a 
basis for calculation, the total expen- 
diture in paper marks by the consumers for 
the production year 1920-21 will be as 
follows: Sugar of domestic production, 
7,760,000,000 marks; imported sugar, 
240,000,000 marks; total, 8,000,000,000 
marks. 


EEE NCO BA Wei V ie Ww 35 


Sugar Review 
Specially written for THE CUBA REVIEW by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


Our last review for this magazine was dated March 28th, at which time Cuban 
sugars were quoted on the basis of 5'4c. cost and freight. Influenced by lack of demand 
for refined sugar, the raw situation has continued very much depressed throughout the 
entire period and declines have been established until the market is now on the basis 
of 37%c. ec. & f., with sales of both outside sugars and sugars controlled by the Cuban 
Finance Committee at this basis. Another factor which has influenced the market has 
been the delay in tariff legislation, same affecting Porto Rico sugars particularly, of which 
there is considerable quantity pressing on the market and being unsaleable except at 
concessions. 

_ The Senate Finance Committee today ordered favorably reported the Emergency 
Tariff Bill. The strictly tariff features of the bill including sugar were agreed in the 
exact form as the bill passed in the House, the only changes being in the anti-dumping 
and adjustment of Depreciated Exchange features and the addition of an amendment 
by Senator Knox to continue war control of dyes. It was said that the bill will be 
formally reported probably on April 30th, when the Committee will meet again to read 
and adopt the text of its report. It will be brought up in the Senate under the 
present plan on May 3d. 

Tarirr.—The following are the rates of duty on each degree as passed by the House 
of Representatives. 


Differential Duty. Differential Duty. 
20% off on 20% off on 
Basis On Full Duty Cuban Sugar Basis On Full Duty Cuban Sugar 
Test Cents per Degree Cents per Degree Test Cents per Degree Cents per Degree 
100° 2.16 1.728 87 1.64 Pe Sik2 
99 Deel, 1.696 86 1.60 1.280 
98 2.08 1.664 85 1.56 1.248 
97 2.04 Ios2 84 iL by 1.216 
96 (Stan. Basis) 2.00 1.600 83 1.48 1.184 
95 1.96 1.568 82 1.44 1.152 
94 1.92 1.536 81 1.40 1L Ay) 
93 1.88 1.504 80 1.36 1.088 
92 1.84 1.472 79 132 1.056 
91 1.80 1.440 78 1.28 1.024 
90 1.76 1.408 al 1.24 .992 
89 eZ, 1.376 76 1.20 .960 
88 1.68 1.344 75 1.16 .928 


The production of sugar in Cuba continues large; in fact, the crop is making a very 
remarkable showing. for this season of the year. The stock of new crop sugars at the 
shipping ports of the Island has passed the million ton mark, and now stands at 1,002,083 
tons, in addition to which there are some 40,000 tons of old crop sugars in stock. Another 
factory has recently started to grind, making 197 now at work as against 172 at this time 
last year and 195 two years ago. The weather, while unsettled, is not sufficiently so to 
interfere materially with cane-cutting or sugar-making operations. However, the un- 
favorable financial situation is likely to be the determining factor in the final outcome, 
as a few factories in the Island have now become so involved that they will very likely 
have to cease operations. Owing to the uncertainty due to the abnormal conditions 
now prevailing, we have been adjusting our figures of indicated out-turn from week to 
week, using the crop of 1918-19 as a basis. The production to date is 2,090,000 tons 
compared with 2,320,000 tons to the same date in 1918, and using 1918-19 crop as a basis, 
indications now point to an out-turn this season in the neighborhood of 3,750,000 tons 
of sugar. 

We have an interesting cable from the Philippine Islands this week stating that the 
Philippine crop is estimated at 289,000 tons, of which 172,000 tons are Centrifugal sugars. 
This is the first time that Centrifugal sugars have exceeded the old-fashioned Muscovado 


36 THE CUBA REVIEW 


sugars in the history of the sugar industry in the Philippines. Exports for the month 
of March include 1,000 tons to the United States Atlantic ports and 6,000 tons to San 
Francisco. 

Considerable interest is being manifested at this time in the indications in regard 
to beet sowings in Europe for the 1921-22 crop which will be harvested next September. 
While no definite figures are yet obtainable from our correspondents, some indications 
as reported to us are given below: 

In Germany it is generally considered that the entire country will show an increase 
in sowings of about 15%. 

France reports that an important increase is very likely, although the present dry 
weather, if it continues, will affect the out-turn. 

In Italy it is expected that with the fixing of favorable prices for sugar in that 
country the indications are that a further extension will take place in sugar production, 
making them independent of outside supplies. 

A very important increase is anticipated in the sowings in Hungary, and it is thought 
that sufficient sugar will be produced to take care of their needs. 

An increase of 40% of the sowings over last year is expected in German Austria. 

Increases are also looked for in Holland and Belgium. 


New York, N. Y., April 28, 1921. 


Revista Azucarera 
Escrita especialmente para THE CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


Nuestra ultima revista para esta publicacién estaba fechada el 28 de marzo, en cuya 
fecha los azticares de Cuba se cotizaban bajo la base de 54e. costo y flete. Debido a la poca 
demanda por azucar refinado, la situacién del azticar crudo ha continuado muy desani- 
mada durante todo ese perfodo, habiendo tenido lugar algunas bajas, hasta que ahora 
el mercado esta bajo la base de 37<c. costo y flete, con ventas bajo esta base tanto de 
azticares bajo el dominio del Comité Financiero Cubano como de azticares independientes. 
Otra causa que ha influido en la situacién del mercado ha sido la demora en la legislacién 
de la tarifa, afectando esto particularmente a los azicares de Puerto Rico, de los cuales 
hay una grande cantidad en el mercado y que no pueden venderse a menos que sea por 
medio de concesiones. 

E] Comité Financiero del Senado deliberé hoy favorablemente acerca del proyecto 
de ley sobre la Tarifa de Emergencia. Las cléusulas estrictas de la tarifa en dicho 
proyecto de ley, incluyendo el azticar, fueron de acuerdo exactamente en la forma en 
que el proyecto de ley fué aprobado en la Camara de Representantes, los inicos cambios 
siendo en lo que se refiere al arreglo de la depreciacién del cambio y a la adicién de una 
enmienda por el senador Knox para continuar la administracién de los tintes como 
durante la guerra. Se dijo que el proyecto de ley seria deliberado como es debido el 30 
de abril, cuando el Comité se reuniré de nuevo para leer y adoptar el texto del informe. 
E] 3 de mayo sera presentado al Senado bajo el plan actual. 

Tarira.—Lo siguiente son los derechos por cada grado segin fué aprobado por la 
Camara de Representantes: 


Derecho Diferencial Derecho Diferencial 

Base Con todos los Rebaja de 20% en Base Con todos los Rebaja de 20% en 

Polari- Derechos el aziicar de Cuba Polari- Derechos el aztiicar de Cuba 

zacion Centavos por grado Centavos por grado zacion Centavos por grado Centavos por grado 
100° 2.16 1.728 87 1.64 1.312 
99 2.12 1.696 86 1.60 1.280 
98 2.08 1.664 85 1.56 1.248 
97 2.04 1.632 84 Ie 52 1.216 
96 (Stan. Basis) 2.00 1.600 83 1.48 1.184 
95 1.96 1.568 82 1.44 1.152 
94 1.92 1.536 81 1.40 1.120 
93 1.88 1.504 80 1.36 1.088 


TE CORB Aware win Vy TE NW. 37 


Derecho Diferencial Derecho Diferencial 


Base Con todos los Rebaja de 20% en Base Con todos los Rebaja de 20% en 
Polari- Derechos el azacar de Cuba Polari- Derechos el azicar de Cuba 
zacion Centavos por grado Centavos por grado zacion Centavos por grado Centavos por grado 

92 1.84 1.472 79 132 1.056 

91 1.80 1.440 78 1.28 1.024 

90 1.76 1.408 77 ee: .992 

89 7 1.376 76 1.20 .960 

88 1.68 1.344 75 1.16 .928 


La produccién de azticar en Cuba contintia en grande escala, en realidad la zafra so- 
bresaliendo de una manera muy notable por esta estacién del afio. Las existencias de 
azucar de la nueva zafra en los puertos de embarque en Cuba pasan de un millén de tone- 
ladas, y ahora Ilegan a 1,002,083 toneladas, ademas de lo cual hay como 40,000 toneladas 
de azicar de la zafra pasada en existencia. Otra fabrica ha empezado hace poco la molienda, 
lo cual hace que ahora haya 197 centrales en operaci6én, contra 172 por esta época el 
ano pasado, y 195 hace dos afios. El tiempo, aunque variable, no es tan malo para que 
impida el cortar la cafia o las operaciones de hacer azticar. Sin embargo, la situacién 
financiera desfavorable es probable sea causa determinante en el resultado final, pues 
algunas fabricas en Cuba se hallan ahora en un estado tan complicado que muy probable- 
mente tendran que cesar sus operaciones. Debido a la inseguridad con motivo del estado 
anormal que prevalece ahora, hemos estado arreglando nuestras cifras de la produccién 
de semana en semana, haciendo uso de la zafra de 1918-19 como base. La produccién 
hasta la fecha es 2,090,000 toneladas comparado con 2,320,000 toneladas en la misma 
fecha en 1918, y haciendo uso de la zafra de 1918-19 como base, los indicios indican 
ahora una producci6n esta estacién alrededor de 3,750,000 toneladas de azticar, 

En esta semana recibimos de las Islas Filipinas un cablegrama interesante mani- 
festando que la zafra de las Filipinas se calcula en 289,000 toneladas, de las cuales 172,000 
toneladas son azticares centrifugos. Esta es la primera vez que los azucares centrifugos 
han excedido a los antiguos azticares mascabados en la historia de la industria del azicar 
en las Filipinas. Las exportaciones durante el mes de marzo incluyen 1,000 toneladas 
a los puertos del Atl4ntico en los Estados Unidos y 6,000 toneladas a San Francisco de 
California. 

Por ahora se manifiesta bastante interés por los indicios respecto a las siembras de 
remolacha en Europa en 1921-22, cuya cosecha ser4 recogida el préximo mes de septi- 
embre. Aunque no se han conseguido aiin cifras definitivas de nuestros corresponsales, 
a continuacién damos algunas indicaciones segtin se nos han comunicado. 

En Alemania se considera generalmente que todo el pais mostrardé un aumento en 
las siembras de un 15 por ciento. 

De Francia se nos informa que muy probablemente habré un aumento, aunque si 
continta el tiempo seco como al presente, afectard la produccién. 

En Italia es de esperarse que al fijar precios favorables por el azticar en dicho pais, 
los indicios son que tendré lugar mayor extensién en la produccién del aziicar, haciéndoles 
independientes de proveerse de azucar del exterior. 

En Hungria se anticipa un aumento importante en las siembras, y se cree que se 
producird azticar suficiente para atender a sus necesidades. 

En el Austria alemana se espera un aumento de 40 por ciento en las siembras sobre 
las del afio pasado. 

También se esperan aumentos en las siembras de Holanda y Bélgica. 


Nueva York, abril 28 de 1921. 


Output of Sugar in Spain 
Commercial Attaché Cunningham, of 
Madrid, states that according to a recent 
report by Spanish sugar producers it is 
pointed out that during the past season 
Spain manufactured 200,000 tons of 
sugar. The normal consumption of the 


country is stated to be 140,000 tons. It is 
said that 300,000,000 pesetas of Spanish 
capital are invested in the sugar industry, 
that 200,000 families are employed, and 
that 250,000 tons of coal are consumed 
annually in the manufacture of the 
sugar. 


38 THE CUBA REV I£LW 


Cable “Turnure” FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of Collection 
and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public and Industrial 
Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection of Drafts, Coupons, 
etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and Letters of Credit on Havana 
and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo 
Domingo, and Central and South America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 


HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank, Ltd. 

(Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: }Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
(panes Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 


and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size, 2984 xX 24. Copyrighted 1918. 
Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


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Agents for “‘Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


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SUT IG G1 Al fee IBY ITH 39 


Established 1876 


Aparato Nuevo N. GELATS & COMPANY 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por é : 
Transact a General Banking Business. 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., eee delar ail ae ee 


constructor de trasbordadores cipal places of the world. 
superiores 


Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Bankers 


Office: enter 108 
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Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘La Victoria.” 


A Weekly Publication of JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 


International Interest 
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ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL STREET 
Cable Address, ‘‘Tide, New York” 


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FOR SALE 


4—7,200 Gallon Wooden Underframe 
Correction TANK CARS now located in 


Cardenas, Cuba. Will sell com- 


plete or tanks alone at sacrifice. 


In the table of active sugar plantations, 
Matanzas Province, March issue of THE 
Cupa Review, centrals Cuba, Flora, J 
Santo Domingo and Saratoga were listed J ALLIED COMMERCE CORPORATION 


as being of Cuban-Spanish ownership. : 
These mills are owned by American- 501 Fifth Avenue - New York,N. Y. 


Cuban interests. 


Imports and Exports 


Total values of merchandise imported from and exported to Cuba during February, 
1921, and the eight months ended February, 1921, compared with corresponding periods 
of the preceding year, have been made public by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic 
Commerce, Department of Commerce, as follows: 

Month of February 8 Months Ended February 


1921 1920 1921 1920 
Imports from Cuba.... _ $28,183,409 $72,746,700 $300,526,380 $301,418,638 


ID GOs HO) (CU oo ess oes 25,503,646 31,434,027 344,618,937 214,947, 725 


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LO Pie 


CUBA 


THE 
Crust Company of Cuba 
HAVANA 
CAPITAL - - = = $500,000 
SURPLUS = = = = $900,000 


TRANSACTS A 
GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 
Oswald eA aMELOrnG DW. siemiaaiel se sie micsicloe es President 
Claudio G. Mendoza............ Vice-President 
James M. Hopgood.............. Vice-President 
RG Mel omar atallorae ssratee sete sas Vice-President 
Alberto a ATE UC Za = cals ele craieier aici si aiiere Work Treasurer 
SULVIGe WOALIGEUD  v occyersieleis cle cot Assistant Treasurer 
LAS ME CLE Za DBLAVO cnc nte 3). 2 Assistant Treasurer 
Oscars Garbajal: a. c-e-s ee «eke es A ECLCLALy, 
William M. Whitner...... Manager Real Estate 


and Insurance Depts. 


“HIPPO” 
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GARANTIZAMOS QUE ESTA 

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We also offer a full line of 
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THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 
140 Liberty St., New York 


2 and 4 Muralla, Havana 


Santiago Cienfuegos Camaguey Matanzas 


Porto Rican Representatives: 
UNION COMMERCIAL CORPORATION 
Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P. R. 


The Royal Bank» Canada 


Fundado en 1869 
$15,000,000 


Capital Pagado - - - 
Fondo de Reserva- - - 15,000,000 
Activo Total - - - - 420,000,000 


QUINENTAS CINCUENTA SUCURSALES 
VEINTE Y OCHO SUCURSALES EN CUBA 
CINCO SUCURSALES EN LA HABANA 


LONDRES: 2 Bank Buildings, Princes Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Cataluna 6 


Corresponsales en todas las Plazas Bancables 
del mundo. Se expiden CARTAS DE CRE- 
DITO para viajeros en DOLLARS, LIBRAS 
ESTERLINAS y PESETAS, valederas sin 
descuento alguno. 

En el DEPARTAMENTO DE AHORROS 
se admiten depositos a interés desde CINCO 
PESOS en adelante. 


Sucursal Principal en la Habana: Obrapia 33 


Administradores 
R. De AROZARENA 


Ws 


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F. J. Beatty 


BAIn 


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FUJELTS, CA 1s AL Te ITS AD, 41 


United Railways of Havana 


CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 


= 
No. 11| No. 1} No. 7 | No. 5 | No. 3| No. 9 3 HAVANA No. 2 | No. 8 | No. 6 |No. 10) No. 4 |No. 12 
PM/]/PM|PM/]PM]AM|AMI]] & AM|)AM|]PM|PM|PM! AM 
10.31 |10.01 | 4.01 | 1.01 |10.01 | 7.01 ||...]|Lv Central Station Ar|] 6.50 | 9.40 | 3.31 | 6.30 | 7.25 | 6.30 
AM 
LE LT 6240) 3228) le b4 9.25 58||Ar...Matanzas...Lv|| 4.15 | 6.52 | 1.10 |} 3.50 | 5.06 
‘| 4-05 | 8.40 | 5.50) |} 2-00 |12.37 |) 109)).....-. Cardenas...... 12-05) |) B00 |ilO00 | VAD Wes scacleoaccs 
PM PM PM /|AM PM 
6.00 ADD el AAMT lS cps IAS) elon emcee SAU. cc so oc O25) |isccocel) O24) Necoe oc fl2 10) 
PM 
ce OF AD ii Urere. te | mance ee S585 Ilosoone 23 0) | ee Caibarien'-.- =: er Q BF Il ereecreiors .| 8.15 |* 
AM | 
aie CHOON eee. 9200 2606 on)|{{| EX) . Santa Clara... .|}/11.00 7.40 Se eens 
PM 
Uo Oo eieehistcied hese eee teresa aN croscevcc QE 65 coc @ienfuegos.-.~=|\||...:-- 11-15 |10. 15 
AM PM AM|PM 
(3) Saad | poser a dtare lise wort oe | neeoteate 241||...Samcti Spiritus. ..|| 4.45 |...... Sear tee | ede eae l'on amet [ee Be 
PM | 
Bese a 13H eo ec scll QlBS Wes ce cdlesooocllSVGlllo oe GExp ce Avallbs 5.]ll) O24) |lasoa col Mado) Geis eallaete allies Ae 
PM | AM 
aoe 3110 leassesll BslO Wes he cele 65 cal BEO coo Cameras. cool ciey oe cae |) M5OW 
AM AM PM 
Beal sane a Soa ecllocusrosl| AIMS eas ella cineca SAAD: Serer’ eke Teste ll een olism ena HKD ar 40) 
Niecis: BN aes onl) Woe8y los oe cdlec es colllOaelloaose ose NERO soon eI es coc all! Ue) 
AM PM | AM AM 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
* Via Carrefo. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAyANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
ee ee oie ee) 
ISEIGADEA Soo teen MeN Vea Unc aS ae leone sai $5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 
ee | 
Ce a ee oe 
TEZOVC EBA WIA ee coe ctoua eve cite seal AYU) 450) >) ~ 
(Gan ae Weyer owe seen mieieyPeinuges tee 6.00 500) §) 15.00 18.00 
Fee SIS Mirai rier 
TLONE CUO ye x cure hone eres 7.00 6.00 } fe rr 
Sata le ts Oe wae 8.00 7.00 $ 20.00 25700 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
(Weiss Gye | US. (Cx 
Arita apeawee oo mythos unit roe sero cee aoa ligieG OF THES, 35 cons becssococcoceco CU.O0 
IB aA AM OF eeysiorh afore snsnchorece sincraysevai | 2G Mian calaemem ae si oceee rset aa 
1 BER VENTA) oo ene ot Een ee aE ROR eaey SIRE 8 IMianzanillop-eancecee ine cin mee ater al 
Ganhanienveeys eerie tees eee, ETE INieibanzals eee tie ears eee er OU 
(Gama wey saat eee io ane 20.57 PIACEEAS HM eee Pasty tee eee aoe 
@ardenase wan iene ae eee E96 IRGWNSCNOSs sob once popoas sparse poose. , etal) 
CrezogdemAvilatansen. tot eye cea ae! SHicqieli a doco renee Bea aioli Sutera cameo el uals) 
Gienthwecosee emery soe on cies Solano SaneAntonioneser eee eee 1.80 
COlOnR Rete eRe oem: BRL Same SEES, coseasoccoccasaccous Bull 
(CwaNmMENN®.cc5cacocsansasccccsce allan) Saimnia, CHB occocnacagasosesceess ~ UX.Oe 
Tol Suiny ear roe ice oe cece: 2OnSt Santiago de Cuba..............--- 30.08 


Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 110 pounds 
or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS—First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Colén, Union, Sagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


W. T. MEDLEY, Commercial Agent ARCHIBALD JACK, General Manager 


HAVANA, CUBA 


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42 f Uo Bas 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
“PASSOL” SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD STREET, Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. enC. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steams ship Company, Liv erpool: Vapores 
Transatlinticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espafia. 

INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 


MATANZAS, CUBA 


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JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 
Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


{ 8388 . 
Telephones: | ee } Bowling Green 
Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone 0316 Henry Night Call, 2278 Henry 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 
Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 
We ar apr pare 
on all classes of contracting 1 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


aoe furnish Plans and Estimates 
vork in Cuba. 


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Engravers - - Fine Stationery 
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Telephone 
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SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
BOAT BUILDERS, ETC. 
No. 9 Summit Street 


Near Atlantic Dock, BROOKLYN 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Camuer 


MERCADERES No. 5 
HAVANA, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either ona 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


F. W. Hvoslef E.C. Day R.M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 


Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers 
18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


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Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES: 
67 Wall Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


Diexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 
Keyser Building, BALTIMORE, MD. 708 Common Street, NEW ORLEANS, LA. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 
: New York Antilla Antilla New York 
ESAS NI NEASIVIDACR rata ea ha June 4 June 8 June 11 June 15 
E SOL USS Goat ete meee eee ae er June 18 June 22 June 25 June 29 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and “Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular sailings as follows: 
Havana....Every Week| Isabela de Sagua. - Every 3 Weeks Guantanamo. Every 3 Weeks 


Matanzas. Every 2 Weeks | Gaibarien.......... Antilla..... 
Cardenas.Every 2 Weeks |:Nuevitas.......... ico eh ao Santiago... se ae i 
Manatianeeae sears pokes e Cienfuegos. CR NGd ay ar 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


AG Stee Avi ER—Miontevideo=Buenos Aires: s.......2.55 06050. snes se cease. Semi-monthly 
EN STEEL ATT SW Mere ag tS so ee er Monthly 


NEW YORK—South America Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
New York to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Aires 


SAS eae ns OWS (as) ene e ice ticya ee oe, dee he ns eve dS Maceie J s)d/eloatblein td «bsraianievaeieie ns June 15 
$ (a) 1st, 2d and 3d class. 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


A STBANIDIN—Ielionmomelslengiskl 2apoccqeeosacus odecedn soc ous Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago ................- Every Other Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


NEW ORLEANS—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New Orleans for Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels OF 
- to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


44 THE CUBA. REVIEW 


LINK=BELT 


Machinery Handles All Products 


in sugar factories, from dumping the cane to storing the bagged sugar. 
Our leadership as engineers and builders of efficient conveying systems for 
sugar estates and refineries is the result of years of experience. 


Send for our new 136 page catalog No. 355 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 
299 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY 


QTE 
j 3 3 : : % 
Ste ty of * ee , J = 
¥, a4 e . 
a 


+ Na 
aie 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Direcci6n Telegrafica: 
Pirecclon Telegrafica: 165 Broadway, New York, U.S.A, 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 


Aqui se ve el grabado de uno de. nuestros ca-ros mds modernos para mercancfas. Fabricamos carros 
de todos tipos y de varias cepacidades para uso en Cuba Puerto Rico, Sud América América Central y 
Méjico, con bastidores y jaulas de madera o de acero. Produccién annual de mds de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA, Representante para Cuba 


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eet s ££. 


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Ruedas de 
Hierro Enfriado 
y Ejes de Acero 
para Carros 


y Coches de 


Ferrocarril. 


A razon porqué las 
ruedas de Hierro ‘ 
Enfriado proce- 
dentes de nuestras fa- 
bricas tienen preferencia sobre las otras se debe a que el hierro enfriado puede resistir 
mejor que cualquier otro metal las cargas excesivas, las grandes velocidades y el roz- 
amiento generado por los frenos modernos. Talleres montados a la moderna y condi- 
ciones ventajosas para obtener las materias primas nos ponen en condiciones de 
cotizar precios atractivos. 


NEW YORK CAR WHEEL COMPANY 


JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente 
Gy NEW YORK 43 CEDAR STREET, NEW YORK, E.E. U.U. 


43 CEDAR STREET 


JAMES M. MOTLEY NEW YORK 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 


THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 

GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO., LTD. 

THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 
STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 


Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan: Locomotoras 

Carros para cafia 

Rieles y accesso- 
rios 

Chuchos y ranas 

Aserraderos 

Calderas 

Maquinas, de va- 
por y de gaso- 
lina 

Tanques 

Tornos 

Trapiches y toda 
clase de maqui- 
naria para Inge- 
nios de Azucar 

Calentadores de 
agua de alimen- 


tacion 
Alambiques para 
agua 
Madera, pino ama- 
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Para todos usos y de todos tamaifios, de los para 

In A\ M| A RO) cafia con cuarto ruedas y capacidad de 114 tone= 

; : ladas 4 los con juegos dobles de ruedas y capac= 
Carros de Ingenios _idad de 30 toneladas. 

Hacemos una especialidad de juegos de herrajes, incluyendo los juegos de 

ruedas, completamente armados, con todas las piezas de metal, y planos 


completos para construir los carros 4 su destino de maderas del pais. 


~ RAMAPO IRON WORKS, 30 Church St., NEW YORK, N.Y. aearisn 


HOLBROOK TOWING LINE, Inc. 


W. S. HOLBROOK, Pres. 


Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 
Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Night Phone 


Epone Broad 15 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, U.S.A. isos pene Sin 


WILLETT & GRAY, Brokers and Agents 
A 
eee’ SUGARS xe 


REFINED 
82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guana jay from 5 A. M.to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P. M. 
FARE. = =. $100 


Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guines—— from 5.50 A. M. to7.50 P.M. Last train 11.10 P.M. 
FARE. oi) 2 =.- 6 $1225 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANA FORTRESS) FROM 
LUZ FERRY, HAVANA, TO 


lRewila (isting) a6 dieu. do bee ces pokes oe anos aoe Coens $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway).......-...-. Sit 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry)........-.-- .06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A. M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A. M. to I1 P. M. 


a 


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+ THE. CUBA RES faery, 


Insist upon Walker’s “LION” Packing 


Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 
» METALLIC “LION” PACKING. Look for “The 
Thin Red Line’”’ which runs through all the 
Genuine and the ‘‘Lion’” Brass Trade Mark 
vabels and Seals attached. 
WRITE FOR 
OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


JAMES WALKER & COMPANY, Ltd. 
46 West Street New York City 


United Railways of Havana 


WESTERN DIVISION 


TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


| Fare | AM 


y....Cen. Sta....Ar} 3d cl. 
....Artemisa....Ly|$1. 
..-Paso Real...Ly| 4 

. Herradura...Ly} 2. 
..Pinar del Rio. .Ly| 3.25 


Guane..... Ly] 4.25 


Srorks 7 


CO mS 


PM|PM|PM |PM| AM 


Round Trip Fares from Havana to 


Pinos « ..... 5 eee eee 5 cts. Rancho Boyeros 
TROLLEY Arroyo Naranjo 5 cts. Santiago de las Vegas... .55 


TRIPS Calabazar “tS. Rincon 
Leaving Central Station every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 
and every hour thereafter to 11.15 P. m. 


Trade with Boston 


Feb. 1921 ba on = Beb, 1920: ee 
Imports from Cuba....... $2,514,730 $67,481,856 $5,163,761 $33,282,417 


Exports to Cuba......... $479,899 $11,833,650 $453,667 $9,990,754 


Trade with United Kingdom 


The following table shows the trade of the United Kingdom with Cuba for 1913, 
1919 and 1920, according to British customs returns: 


1913 1919 1920 
bmi patistom Capa. 425s. Gente os oot eek $3,674,896 $17,882,831 $25,628,855 
alsa nr ie (cg Oh 471) 6): ee a ren a at nt 2,214,386 1,983,027 7,245,839 


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THE CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 
An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 67 Wall Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 
$1.00 Per Year - - - - 10 Cents Single Copy 
ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 


Vol. XIX JUNE, 1921 No. 7 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page — San Juan River, Matanzas. 
Frontispiece — Painting in City Hall, Santiago de Cuba — First Mayor of 
Santiago. 


Cuban Commercial Matters: Pace 
ExpPOKis OL Automobiles; to) @Uloaenee mer mee ecb. sain. ae cence ens 19 ~° 
Ls poLis Ol Corn Syrup vO CUbare rare ee ee cae les alm teinin = eee 19 
sports of Piece Goods|irom) Wmited Kangdom-< 255.2... 245-22. o.55-. 19 
xporis Of steam! Mocomotives tol} Culbameesca..- ie... -2 oe. ees sea. 78 19 
German Urade withieanbiago, dei@ubane. «eas vecclene so wien ce see 18 
Tern COHRMONNS GH (Oe itts sas sea wa se Soe oan ee oe aoe oomudia Goi acer reno 18 
imaportations.ol Cement) mtO Santiago... 22. - cee 2) eee ee ee 18 
Theanilivese [Brel tinayes ey 5 hs | RS Oe a ory aan ee yee rte ee ee 18 
Proposed Harbor Improvements at Caibarien....................---- 19 
Trade of Cuba in Vegetable Oils and Vegetable Oil Material........... 19 

Cuban Government Matters: 

Ciistioinig IRE OaT OS: Sa iGeda sca ars Stoic cea eecamce a cA epee cheney ohare ecaare ce 7 
Tewine! store Wala WORKS. scocscsesscccccecucounndadoc0dseu0beGcboacus a 
Naor Ajo awrmacoermis) ira (Culoayn Wart ioos4acseasa sb 5ocosceosoe as odosee- a 
New Ararany Clots 55 clos 40 6 on olcaco cabo daase od dln co casieldiniomoolo cpa a 
New Italian IMGT. .6ooaccenacoosccvcsancosncebsauuddoecoanvoKg ele 
veculatronson laxes OnelManeSaqaa-sae celle .c fact = eee et a 
Regraanivaaon or (Cimon HNaihrSscccgascopon den neo oe oueououe aces ce Q 
Treasury Payments during February.................-.--+-+-+-++--:- 7 

DreNiiredoayas New bresident of Cuba... .45.522-4---:-------955--* 8 

Samora ILRI 45 So60ls5 os 55.000 pega ou donee pee aod e mae Dd coeds ema 37 

timanmeieall Clomelittiverm @i CWloey...csoecacccccccossaesoe seen scdcdo domo uGG 9 

Generaljosé Macwell’Gomezeasse 00045 go - 2st ee ee eee 9 

Einav COTrespONGeNnCe- sae ins a as oe eee es ee ee LOI 2 lS 1A 

Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power Co.......25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 

iclanvamnay's: Suleman cosy a bse Aue Boe 5 oceans Scns een eae en cence PL De SRS He 

Inauguration of the Telephone Service between the United States and Cuba 
(GililtarssteTeexs re Gl) peewee eee a eS, cee et eg ym ec etae etapa copia sane ae elier emia 15}, UG, Ie 

Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities............-.- 00 +e eee eee eee eee 20 

Suman IRewiewy, Woes ge = Shao ean as on elon Go eee Remmi: ool cinc 33, 34, 35 

SUGAR eVACW MOPAMISMe eu eke lacion | Dane alan met hae set ce ees 35, 36, 37 


irattic Receipts of Cuban Railroads............-.-----20+2e sees eee 20 


odeyueg jo rode 4Silq{—eqnyD op osenueg [eA AyD Ul Zulureg 


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CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


Copyright, 1921, by the Munson Steamship Line 


Votume XIX 


JUNE, 1921 


NuMBER 7 


Cuban Government Matters 


New Italian Minister 
Count Naselli, director general of the 
foreign ministry of Italy, has been ap- 
pointed minister to Cuba. 


Fund for Public Works 
By presidential decree, the sum of 
$441,100 has been placed to the credit 
of the Department of Public Works as an 
amplification of the appropriation already 
available for street-cleaning purposes, 
during the months of April, May and June. 


Treasury Payments During February 

During the month of February, the sum 
of $12,596,300 was paid from the Cuban 
Treasury for different accounts, the larger 
part being expended on public works. 


Reorganization of Cuban Army 

Reorganization of the Cuban army is one 
of the tasks facing the new administration 
of Dr. Alfredo. Zayas. The Menocal 
government took a preliminary step by 
abolishing the custom of promotion of 
officers by selection. The presidential 
decree effecting this reform will become 
operative on July 1 

The motive for army reorganization is 
economy. 
_ While the army itself numbers only 
about 11,000, the high salaries paid and the 
cost of supplies have run the total cost of 
this branch of the national defense to more 
than $6,000,000, a figure considered ex- 
cessive. 


New Army Chief 

Colonel Rogerio Caballero has assumed 
the post of chief of staff of the Cuban army, 
to which he was appointed by President 
Zayas. Colonel Caballero rose to his pres- 
ent rank from sergeant in the rural 
guards, formed during the period of 
American intervention, and his appoint- 
ment is considered the first step in the 
proposed reorganization of the army. 


New Appointments in Cuban Army 

Two well-known Cuban army officers 
recently received appointment to im- 
portant posts of high command. 

Colonel Alberto Herrera y Franchi has 
been appointed assistant chief of staff, and 
Colonel Matias Betancourt has been 
appointed quartermaster-general. 


Customs Receipts 


The Treasury of the Republic of Cuba 
received $250,000 in customs receipts 
for February from Santiago de Cuba; and 
$250,000 from Isabela de Sagua. Habana’s 
customs receipts for that month were 
$4,988,940. 


Regulation of Taxes on Mines 

In March President Menocal issued a 
decree modifying the existing laws govern- 
ing the taxes on minerals and mines. 
The fee paid to the treasury yearly on 
mining concessions will be 20 centavos 
per hectare, and mining property must pay 
a tax of 6 per cent of its profits. 


SRARY 
WY Y ine 


8 THE CUBA REVIEW 


DR. ALFREDO ZAYAS, NEW PRESIDENT OF CUBA 


Dr. Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso was inaugurated the fourth President of Cuba on May 
20th. He took the oath of office before a brilliant assemblage in the National Palace 
in Havana. 

Dr. Zayas was educated in the University of Havana. He is one of the most pre- 
eminent figures of Cuba and is well known in all institutions of Cuba as a noted orator 
and writer. He is also a distinguished attorney at law. 

In the War of Independence he served as delegate of the revolutionary party from 
Havana, for which he was imprisoned in 1896. When independence was declared he 
was made Lieutenant Mayor of the municipality of Havana and was elected to the con- 
stitutional convention in 1901. Later he was senator from Havana and President. of 
the senate from 1902 to 1908. From 1909 to 1911 he was Vice-President of Cuba. 


i 


er Cais Anta tov lin Viel EW. 9 


Genera!) Gomez, Ex-President of Cuba 


General José Miguel Gomez 


General José Miguel Gomez, former 
President of Cuba, died in New York on 
June 13th. 

Funeral services were held in St. Patrick’s 
Cathedral, New York, on June 16th, and 
at the Gomez Mansion in Havana on June 
19th. The Cuban patriot was buried at 
Colon Cemetery-with ceremonies attended 
by the greatest popular demonstration 
ever known in the history of Havana. 
Full military honors were accorded the 
General both in New York and in Havana. 

General Gomez, for many years a 
political factor in Cuba, was successful 
in gaining the chief magistracy of the 
Island in 1908. His efforts to obtain 
political supremacy made him a feared 
but picturesque figure among Cuban 
leaders. He won honor in the Cuban War 
of Independence. During the first Ameri- 
can intervention in Cuba, General Gomez 
served for almost a year and a half as 
Civil Governor of the Province of Santa 
Clara. He was a member also of the 
Constitutional Assembly, 


After the troubles in regard to the 
administration of President Palma and the 
subsequent intervention by the United 
States, General Gomez was elected Presi- 
dent and served for a term of four years. 
A candidate again for the Presidency last 
November, he was defeated by Dr. Alfredo 
Zayas. 


Financial Condition of Cuba 


From President Menocal’s message read 
to congress in April are taken the following 
data relative to the economic condition of 
the republic: 


Public Debts: payments for the last 
five months on the loan of $35,000,000, 
issue of 1904, $1,020,000; amortization on 
the internal debt, issue of 1905, $32,400; 
interest on the same, $253,652. 

Payments for foreign debt: amortiza- 
tion and interest to the seventh monthly 
payment of the second year on the bond 
issue of 1919, $425,000; amortization on 
the issue of 1917, $401,000; interest on the 
same, $146,462; series A of the issue of 
$30,000,000 of 1917, $639,700; series B 
of the same issue, $584,100. 

In September, 1920, there was a balance 
in the treasury, aside from the funds on 
hand in the Banco Nacional, amounting 
to $8,776,514; and the receipts up to 
February were $51,872,894, which, added 
to the sum collected from back payments, 
special funds, and money minted, gives 
a total of $61,914,315, a sum which added 
to the balance makes a grand total of 
$70,690,829. 

The expenditures up to February for all 
purposes amounted to $54,647,247, leaving, 
therefore, $16,043,582 on hand, in spite 
of increases in the expenditures of the 
Government. 

The tax of 10 cents a sack on sugar: 
brought in during the period indicated 
$386,882; the tax of 4% on profits is being 
wlsciné siileur difficulty. 

From October 20, 1920, to March 14, 
1921, com to the value of $69,197, 726 
was recived. This contributed baw 
to solving the money crisis. The Ad- 
ministration has minted silver coins to a 
value of $1,751,140, and nickel coins to the 
value of $693,780, which makes a total 
of $2,444,920. The minting of these coins 
cost $1,616,065, leaving the treasury, 
therefore, a profit of $828,855. 


10 THE CUBA REVIEW 


: 
Havana Correspondence 
Havana, May 23, 1921. 


Sucar: Unusually favorable weather conditions during the month permitted the 
continuous grinding of cane, which is very encouraging indeed in view of the business 
depression which is being experienced throughout the Island. Unfortunately, owing 
to the strike on the Cuba Railroad, practically all of the centrals located in the eastern 
part of the Island were compelled to close down for a few days because of their inability 
to get the sugar transported to the ports for shipment. The Cuba Railroad is the only 
means of transportation for this part of the Island and the centrals are dependent upon 
this railroad for handling their sugars to port of shipment. As a consequence of the 
complete tie-up of the Cuba Railroad, considerable congestion is. being experienced at 
the ports. 

As an indication of the healthy growth of the sugar industry in Cuba, despite the 
handicap encountered by reason of the financial stringency through which the Island 
has been passing, it may be noted that there are 194 centrals grinding cane at the present 
time, as compared with 168 at this period last year. This fact is very encouraging and is, 
no doubt, the forerunner of a return to normal conditions. 

Opposition to the Fordney Emergency Tariff measure is growing, and the Chamber 
of Commerce has gone on record decisively against the discrimination against Cuban 
exports which this measure would invoke. It is felt by the leading business and agri- 
cultural interests of the Island that the enactment of this law will prove a serious mistake 
and be a great detriment to the future development of the Island. 

To relieve financial stringency affecting the sugar industry, a corporation was formed 
by American bankers bearing the name ‘‘Cuba Finance and Export Company” for the 
distribution of some $20,000,000.00 at 10% interest among the industry as a means of 
relieving the financial situation. When it is realized that there are thousands and thou- 
sands of tons of sugar in warehouses at every port of the Island, some idea of the financial 
stringency may be gathered. The Sugar Finance Committee, which has governmental 
sanction, would seem to be making a strenuous effort to release these sugars propor- 
tionately, but much criticism has been heaped upon this committee as to the methods 
employed. The committee was originally organized for the purpose of regulating the price 
of Cuban sugars and the idea was well conceived but it now develops that, in its effort to 
maintain prices, it finds itself somewhat embarrassed because other sources of supply 
are under-selling Cuban sugar producers and the natural consequence is the condition 
above referred to—the overcrowding of warehouses with sugars awaiting sale and export. 

Many maintain, and we believe their point is a strong one, that it would have been 
better for the sugar industry of Cuba to have remained uncontrolled since, although it 
is admitted that the price would undoubtedly have been slightly less than that which is 
being received, the sugars would have moved more promptly and afforded the growers 
and sugar mills more ready money with which to operate. This operation would doubt- 
less have been conducted with a slight net loss, and relief would have been afforded to 
the interior of the Island which, to say the least, is indeed much needed at this time. 

Conditions in the interior of the Island are much more grave than many have any 
idea of; laborers in the fields remain unpaid, owners of sugar lands have received only 
partial payment for their product from the sugar mills, and the mills in turn have only 
been able to sell portions of their finished product to the northern refineries. The net 
result is that Cuba today is face to face with the proposition of furnishing relief to the 
great masses of laborers and employers of labor throughout the Island, and a condition 
of starvation is vaguely visible in the distance. As a result of the financial stringency 
throughout the Island, business generally is chaotic and what the future holds forth for 
Cuba is only to be guessed at. Among the best informed it is frankly admitted that a 
betterment of conditions will not be effected until the end of the next grinding, when 
conditions will have been adjusted to the new scale of low prices. 


JES II. SCO Jas al RIG NA IIR AY. 11 


FINANCIAL SiTuATION: It is believed by well-informed persons closely connected 
with finance that the financial situation at the present time is much more acute than 
at any time since the enaction of the Moratorium. During the past few weeks there 
has been a flurry in financial circles which resulted in a run on three private banking 
institutions. One of them was compelled to close its doors after the first day. It is 
believed that confidence is being gradually restored and that these runs are now about 
over. 

Sr. José Marimon of the Banco Espafiol de la Isla de Cuba, who has been in New 
York for some time in connection with the arrangement of financial aid for his institu- 
tion, recently sailed for Europe to complete further negotiations for the securing of funds 
for the Banco Espaiiol. 

The Havana Clearing House, a project which has been under contemplation by bank- 
ing interests for some time, has finally been put into operation and has offices in the Trust 
Company of Cuba Building at Aguiar 71. The full membership of banks represented, 
is as follows: 


N. Gelats & Co. 

Pedro Gomez Mena é Hijo 

The Royal Bank of Canada 

The Trust Company of Cuba 

Banco Mercantil Americano de Cuba 
National City Bank of New York 
American Foreign Banking Corporation 
Banco del Comercio 

Canadian Bank of Commerce 


Before commencing operations it was decided to obtain the services of an expert on 
the subject, and Mr. Clarence E. Bacon, Assistant Manager of the New York Clearing 
House, was invited to come to Cuba and organize the work. The clearings during the first 
ten days have averaged approximately $3,000,000, and Mr. Bacon has expressed great 
satisfaction at the result of the first few days’ operation of the institution. 

A digest of a recent extensive report issued by the Secretary of the Treasury shows 
a balance of trade in favor of Cuba in the proportion of 32144% of the total commerce, 
determining an important balance in favor of Cuba and an average in transactions of 
$419,000.00. Estimating the sale of the present crop at anticipated figures and allow- 
ing for the decline in market prices of commodities consumed, which will tend to diminish 
the value of the imports, the report advises that the mercantile balance on June 30, 1921, 
may be safely estimated $300,000,000.00. 

As an indication of the clearing of the financial skies, the Cuba Cane Sugar Cor- 
poration, the largest sugar producing concern in the world, is planning to build a new 
central in Eastern Cuba, with an estimated output of 250,000 bags of sugar annually. 

Mr. F. C. Bailey of Joshua L. Bailey & Co., which concern enjoys a large trade in 
Cuba, in writing to the American Manufacturing Export Association, recently advised 
that in his opinion Cuban customers should not be pressed for settlements just now, giv- 
ing as his reason that such procedure would simply enforce liquidation at unfavorable 
prices and decrease the feeling of goodwill toward American houses. Mr. Bailey spoke 
very highly of the moral character of the Cuban merchants, who in the face of heavy 
losses, are doing everything to scrupulously fulfill all of their obligations as promptly 
as possible. 


Laspor Conpitions: On April 26th a strike which lasted for thirteen days was 
declared against the Cuba Railroad Company by the Union employees as the result of 
a disagreement between the railroad officials and the Union arising from the dismissal 
of several of the men for various causes. The strike, coming as it did during the height of 
the grinding season, was a most unfortunate occurrence, necessitating the closing of many 
sugar centrals in the eastern portion of the Island served exclusively by the Cuba Rail- 
road, as well as causing the enforced idleness of the laborers of the mills at a time when 


OOOO 
12 THE CUBA REVIEW 
a ne 


they could ill afford to suffer the loss. Inasmuch as wages have declined considerably 
during the past year, and living expenses have not decreased proportionately, the con- 
sequence of the time lost by the closing of the centrals was keenly felt and many hard- 
ships resulted. 

Much distress was caused the province affected as a consequence of the lack of trans- 
portation of foodstuffs and supplies; practically no rolling stock, with the exception of 
an unsuccessful attempt to operate the mail trains, moved during the thirteen-day 
duration of the strike. The attempt on the part of the officials of the railroad to operate 
the mail trains was met with determined opposition on the part of the Union employees 
and their sympathizers, which resulted in the complete burning of a mail coach, as well 
as many minor depredations which were committed during the progress of the strike. 
Various efforts of mediation on the part of the government were opposed for various 
reasons by both the railroad officials and the union. However, repeated efforts by govern- 
ment agencies brought forth the desired results and the men agreed to a temporary 
resumption of work, pending the final decision regarding the reinstatement of the dis- 
missed employees over whose dismissal the strike was called. The railroad company agreed 
to reinstate five of the several employees in question and to further consider the cases 
of those not as yet reinstated. 

The unemployment situation is still grave, there being many thousands of men idle 
throughout the Island. The situation is due to lack of new building operations caused 
by the financial situation and the closing of many of the sugar centrals due to the con- 
gestion of sugar at the docks awaiting shipment. It is not as yet known what steps the 
incoming administration will take to relieve the situation, if any, but it is hoped that 
some legislation will be enacted which will in measure help to solve the gravity of this 
unemployment problem. 


New Presipent [nNauGuraATeD: Simplicity was the keynote of the inaugural 
ceremonies of Dr. Alfredo Zayas, the new Chief Executive of the Republic of Cuba, on 
May 20th. 

Dr. Zayas was escorted from his home to the Presidential Palace, where the oath 
of office was administered, by the Cuban Cavalry troops, receiving the plaudits of the 
thousands of spectators who filled the streets along which the new president passed 
from his home to the executive mansion. Immediately aiter the ceremonies, General 
Menocal, the retiring executive for two successive terms of four years each, departed for 
a tour of Europe, via New York, from which port the ex-president will leave on the 
steamship “La France,” after spending a few days in New York City. 

May 20th, aside from being Inauguration Day is also Independence Day in Cuba, 
and while the inauguration ceremony itself was very simple in character, the dual holiday 
afforded the enthusiastic populace the opportunity which it desired for celebrating. 
The day was spent in merriment in which many diversified sports were a prominent 
feature, lasting until a late hour at night. 

President Zayas established a precedent by reading his own presidential message to 
the assembled members of both houses of Congress, all the former presidents having 
written their addresses and sent them to the Senate to be read. 

The new Cabinet of President Zayas is as follows: 


Secretary of State—Dr. Rafael Montoro 

Secretary to the President—Sr. José Manuel Cortina 
Secretary of the Treasury—Sr. Gelabert 

Secretary of War—General Demetrio Castillo Duany 
Secretary of the Interior—Sr. Martinez Llufriu 
Secretary of Justice—Dr. Regueiferos 

Secretary of Sanitation—Dr. Juan Guiteras 

Secretary of Public Works—Sr. O. Freyre 

Secretary of Public Instruction—Dr. Francisco Zayas 


To date the Secretary of Agriculture has not been named. 


ERE CCB AL Se Ee VOLE WW, 13 


Hargpor Notes: The Special Commission appointed by Pres. Menocal to relieve 
the harbor congestion and which under the able direction of Col. Despaigne has accom- 
plished remarkably good results in a very.short period of time, has advised the president 
that conditions are now normal and there is, therefore, no further need of continuing 
in this capacity. 

Customs Receipts AT ANTILLA: During the month of April, the port of Antilla 
collected the sum of $185,220.95 in customs duties, which figures show that this port, in 
spite of its having been almost entirely neglected by the government, is rapidly becoming 
an important port of entry. 


STEAMSHIP CoMPANY RESUMES SERVICE: Announcement has been made by the 
United Steamship Company of the resumption of its service, effective at once, between 
the ports of Galveston and Houston and West Indian ports, as well as the service from 
New Orleans to Santiago, Cienfuegos, Matanzas and Santo Domingo City. 

The United Steamship Company is already very favorably known to the shipping 
interests and merchants in Cuba, being among the important contributing factors to the 
upbuilding of the Island. Maintaining as it does, direct service from Galveston, which is 
the principal port for the handling of the various products of the Southwestern and 
Central States, this company will no doubt, by resuming its service, be an important 
factor in restoring normal conditions in Cuba. 


STEAMER ‘“CuBA”’? Now IN Operation: The P. & O. 8.8. Co. has added a new 
steamer, recently completed at Cramps Shipyard, Philadelphia, to the regular fleet 
operating between Key West, Fla., and Havana. The “Cuba” is of modern construction, 
has three decks, is 341 feet long and has accommodations for 419 passengers. The Havana 
“christening” was attended by many prominent society members of the city, special 
entertainment being provided by the company, thus giving the public an opportunity 
to inspect the steamer before she commenced her regular runs. 


Heavy PINEAPPLE SHIPMENTS FROM CuBA: A record-breaking shipping season 
of pineapples from Cuba via Key West to the States is reported, keeping the railroad 
officials at that place very busy providing empty cars for transporting the fruit to northern 
points. 


GOVERNOR STOKES PRAISES CusBA: The Hon. E. C. Stokes, a prominent business 
man of Trenton, N. J., and former governor of the state, after a recent visit to Havana, 
very enthusiastically praised the progress which has been made in development during 
the last few years, particularly in beautifying the suburbs. Mr. Stokes expressed the 
opinion that it would be of great benefit to those merchants situated along the Atlantic 
seaboard to investigate the opportunities provided for trade reciprocity with the Cuban 
market. 


INTERNATIONAL HospiTaL AssocraTIon: Appreciable progress has been made 
in the securing of funds for this project, the name of which has been changed from the 
Anglo-Saxon Hospital Association to the International Hospital Association. It was 
thought by the sponsors that the new name more clearly indicated the purpose of the 
institution and the scope and character of the project which is contemplated. Plans are 
being made for an intensive campaign for the securing of much needed funds and it is 
hoped that building operations may be started in the very near future. 


Havana-Key West Air Recorp Broxen: All previous flying records for hydro- 
planes were broken when the ‘‘Columbus”’ of the Aeromarine Corporation’s fleet, flying 
between Havana and Key West, made the trip in one hour and fifteen minutes. 


GENERAL CrowprER To Leave Havana: General Enoch Crowder, who has been 
in Cuba for several months on a special mission, will return to the United States May 
23d, on the 8.8. ‘‘Niagara.’’ General Crowder fulfilled his mission to Cuba in a highly 
satisfactory manner to both governments. 

It is rumored, however, that General Crowder, after a brief vacation in the West, 
will return to Cuba and continue in an advisory capacity to the new administration. 


_ 
14 THE CUBA REVILYA 
i 


Wor.p’s CHAMPIONSHIP CHESS TOURNAMENT Hep in Havana: As a result of a 
series of matches which have just been concluded between Dr. Emanuel Lasker, of Ger- 
many, for many years the world’s champion chess player, and Raul Capablanca, the 
young Cuban player, the latter is now the acknowledged chess champion of the world 
by reason of his winning four and securing a draw out of fourteen games played. A bill 
has been introduced in the House of Representatives to provide Sr. Capablanca a pension 
of $4,500 per year for his accomplishment in the winning of the world’s championship. 

WIRELESS TELEPHONE SERVICE IN CuBA: By a recent decree signed by President 
Menocal, Cuba has shown her interest in the application to public utility of recent scien- 
tific discoveries, in which a concession has been granted to the Insular Radio Telephone 
Co. to install a wireless telephone service throughout the Republic. The company is 
given a period of five years in which to get the service into operation and will be allowed 
three-quarters of a cent per kilometer for three minutes of service. This, however, is but 
a provisional rate and may be increased or lowered when the entire cost of the system is 
ascertained. 

PRESIDENT STEINHART TO PLAceE Data Berore U. 8. Lecistarure: President 
Frank Steinhart of the American Chamber of Commerce of Cuba, left Havana the latter 
part of April for the United States. During his stay there he will place data before various 
senators to prove the harm that would result to Cuba should the proposed duty contem- 
plated by the Fordney Emergency Tariff Law be enacted. Mr. Steinhart is well qualified 
to speak on this subject and has the backing of the Chamber of Commerce in his appeal. 

Rep Cross Sociery HAs NEw Buitpina: The Cuban Branch of the Interna- 
tional Red Cross Society recently moved into its beautiful new building, which is one of 
the most pretentious edifices in the City of Havana. The ceremony consisted of a re- 
ception to the President of the Republic and addresses by many prominent officials, 
including General Varona, President of the Cuban Chapter of the Red Cross Society, 
who spoke upon the contemplated work of the society throughout the Island. 


Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation 


According to information taken from 
the Bulletin of the Pan American Union, 
the Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation has 
asked for a branch of the customs service 
to be extended to the subport of Palo 
Alto in the port district of Jucaro, pleading 
the necessity of such service to relieve the 
base harbor of unloading and loading 
vessels bound to and from foreign ports. 
In decree 166, February 5, an insertion 
states that inasmuch as the Cuba Cane 
Company agrees to furnish a suitable place 
for the storage of merchandise subject 
to taxation, and inasmuch as the Cuba 
Cane Company is willing to pay the 
salaries of the customs officials, the 
Government has agreed to equip the sub- 
port of Palo Alto for the entrance and 
clearance of national or foreign vessels, 
whether from overseas or the coastwise 
trade, and for the loading and unloading 
of general merchandise, either import or ex- 
port. It also authorizes the administrator 
of customs of Jucaro to act as delegate 


administrator to handle all the documents 
necessary to the loading and unloading 
of shipping, and to handle all the customs 
collections for which this administrator is 
responsible. 


Cuban-American Sugar Co. 


At the special meeting of the Cuban- 
American Sugar Co. stockholders unani- 
mously approved the issue of $10,000,000 
first mortgage collateral 8% bonds. 

It was brought out at the special meeting 
that the National City Co. bought the 
$10,000,000 bonds at 95. Officials of the 
company believe that on the basis of 
5-cent sugar prices the present $4 a share 
on the common stock will be more than 
earned. Although production to date 
of the Cuban-American Co. is less than 
50% of the amount up to the same date 
last year, it is believed that the final 
outturn of the crop will be as large or 
larger than in the 1919-1920 season. 


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16 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Photograph i Ayierican Photo Co. 
PRESIDENT MENOCAL TALKING FROM HAVANA TO PRESIDENT HARDING 


The two Presidents and other government officials talked over the first international undersea telephone 
for more than an hour on April llth. From left to right: Dr. Rafael Montoro, Secretary to President 
Menocal; Gen. Eugenio Sanchez Agramonte; Col. Charles Hernandez; President Mario G. Menocal ; 
Gen. Enoch Crowder; Mr. Herman Behn, of the Atlantic Telephone & Telegraph Co.; Dr. Pablo 
Desvernine, Secretary of State of Cuba; Mr. Bceaz Long, United States Minister at Havana. 


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Photograph by American Photo Co. 

CELEBRATING THE OPENING OF THE CUBAN-AMERICAN TELEPHONE 
The diplomatic corps and the families of cabinet members were gathered at the headquarters of the 
A lantic Telephone & Telegraph Co., at Havana for the inauguration ceremonies. Seated on the plat- 
form at the far end of the room Secretary Desvernine is talking with Secretary Hughes in Washington. 


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18 THE 


CUBA 


REVIEW 


Cuban Commercial Matters 


Importations of Cement 


Importations of cement into Cuba dur- 
ing the fiscal year 1918-19 show a decrease 
compared with those of 1917-18. How- 
ever, during the latter period the United 
States was the only country from which 
cement was imported. The quantities and 
values of cement imports during the two 
most recent fiscal years for which statistics 
are available were as follows: 1917—18— 
United States, 1,456,839 barrels, worth 


$2,032,744; France, 2,968 barrels, worth 
$10,042: total, 1,459,807 barrels, worth 


$2,042,786; 1918-19—United States, 787,- 
338 barrels, worth $1,392,967. 

It is stated that large amounts of Ger- 
man, Belgian, and Norwegian cement are 
being imported into Cuba and are quoted 
in all parts of the island. They are said to 
compare favorably in tests and quality 
with American cement. Local dealers in 
cement and large construction companies 
state that the price of American cement at 
the mills in the United States is practically 
the same for the different grades as the 
price of the European product at the mills 
where it is manufactured, and that, there- 
fore, the mill price would permit a suc- 
cessful competition on the part of dealers 
in American cement, on account of the 
preferential tariff and because the standard 
brands of American cement are well known 
and preferred in this market, even in the 
fact of fractionally higher prices. 

It is also claimed that inland freight and 
handling charges for cement at United 
States ports are higher in about the same 
ratio than those in Europe and that this 
fact also adds to the consumption price 
which dealers must charge for. American 
cement. It is the general belief that in- 
creasing quantities of European cement 
will be marketed in Cuba as the result of 
the conditions set forth above. 

—Consul General Carlton Bailey Hurst, 

Habana. 


Importations of Cement into Santiago 


Consul Harold D. Clum, Santiago, 
states in a recent report that the diminu- 
tion in imports of cement into the Santiago 


district from the United States is due 
principally to the suspension of building 
operations, owing to the financial crisis 
and economic depression which Cuba has 
been experiencing for the past six months, 
with increasing intensity up to the present 
time, rather than to foreign competition in 
prices and freight rates. Importations of 
cement into this port in the first three 
months of 1921 were only 1,624,493 kilos 
(1 kilo=2.2 pounds) from all sources, as 
against 8,655,825 kilos, all from the United 
States, during the first three months of 
1920. Statistics furnished by the Santiago 
customhouse show the following importa- 
tions through this port during the year 
1920 and the first three months of 1921: 


Calendar January- 

Countries year March, 

1920 1921 

Kilos Kilos 
United States.... 16,240,291 774,353 
Netherlands. .... 180,000 saa 
Canada.) 142°555” 7 eee 
Jaa ACa eee 73,600. 25 eeeeee 
Germany........ 17,640 760,140 
SONI eon Cake 4,525 2. epee 
Beletumiscs > 32. sate 90,000 
SLOtale eee 16,658,611 1,624,493 


German Trade with Santiago de Cuba 


The values of imports of merchandise 
into the port of Santiago de Cuba from 
Germany in 1920 amounted to $275,231. 
The customhouse statistician who fur- 
nished this information states that the 
principal articles imported from Germany 
were hardware (tools, cutlery, and alumi- 
num ware), cement, beer, pianos, and 
toys. Up to the end of the year no textiles 
were imported. Dutch vessels brought 
about 90% of the imports from Germany, 
American vessels about 5%, and Nor- 
wegian vessels about 2%. 


Leather Belting 


Leather belting exported to Cuba from 
the United States in 1920 amounted to 
359,106 pounds, valued at $807,715. 


TE CoO BA ee VE VW 19 


Proposed Harbor Improvements at 
Caibarien 

According to a report received from the 
American consular agent at Caibarien, 
permits have been requested from the 
appropriate Cuban authorities for certain 
harbor improvements in that port. There 
is, however, as yet nothing certain as to 
when any of these improvements will be 
begun, particularly in view of the reported 
decreased demand for wharf space during 
the present season. The proposed im- 
_provements are as follows: The Caibarien 
Transport Co. has requested permission for 
the construction of a wharf at a cost of 
about $60,000. Messrs. R. Cantera and 
Co., S. en C., of Caibarien, have also 
requested permission for filling in certain 
parts of the water front and constructing a 
wharf at an approximate cost of $70,000. 
Messrs. H. Pita and Co., S. en C., have 
likewise asked permission to make an 
addition in length to their present wharf 
at a cost of about $15,000. 


Exports of Corn Syrup to Cuba 


Exports of corn syrup from the United 
States to Cuba during 1918 and 1919 were 
as follows: 


1918 
Pounds Value 
2,154,695 $129,241 
1919 
Pounds Value 
2,183,069 $127,923 


Exports of Piece Goods from 
United Kingdom 
The exports of linen piece goods from the 
United Kingdom to Cuba for 1913, 1919 
and 1920 are set forth below: 


Yards Yards’ Sq. Yds. 

1913 1919 1920 
Quantity. .7,065,400 741,800 3,677,100 
Value..... £216,034 £105,773 £787,319 
Trade of Cuba in Vegetable Oils and 


Vegetable-Oil Material 


The following statement gives statistics 
on the imports and exports of vegetable 
oils and vegetable-oil material by Cuba 
during the fiscal years ending June 30, 


1917, 1918, and 1919. This compilation 
is one of a series giving figures on the trade 
in vegetable oils and vegetable-oil ma- 
terial for the three latest years for which 
statistics are available for all countries 
that give statistics for these commodities 
in their trade reports. 


Quantity Value 
Vegetable oils: 
Oils for the manu- 
facture of soap— 

Imports— Gallons 
WONG Soocc on Olli — SOB GOS 
IQS Seen CEOS aUZS7A0) 
NOUS SOR Sls Oso mums OMele 

Olive oil in casks or 
barrels— 

Imports— 

1916-17...... 2,207,050 1,862,653 
HOMES: one o- 1,037,558 1,114,023 
LOS S19 Ree 1,408,336 2,226,528 

Reexports— 

1918-19...... 18,900 71,254 
Olive oil in bottles— 

Imports— Dozen 
1916-17...... 9,173 18,000 
OU ESU Sree 4,567 12,339 
1918-19...... 782 3,888 

Re-exports— 
1OTS=1Op 1,734 45,730 

Cottonseed oil— 

Imports— Gallons 
1916-17...... 1,246,462 $1,046,113 
1917-18...... 1,565,096 2,021,902 
1918-19...... 673,723 978,596 

Re-exports— 

19182100 3,655 7,065 
Coconut oil— 

Exports— 

LONG Iieeee ee 733 6,173 
All other vegetable 
oils— 
Imports— 
LOGS (eee 434,792 313,576 
1917-18. 326,701 293,001 
1918-19.... 309,801 347,999 
Vegetable oil material: 
Copra— 

Exports— Pounds 
VOIGHL7 ee 2,156 128 
TOMS See re 11,975 860 


Exports of Steam Locomotives to Cuba 


During the year 1920, exports of steam 
locomotives from the United States to 
Cuba numbered 288, valued at $8,369,082. 


Exports of Automobiles to Cuba 


Exports of passenger automobiles from 
the United States to Cuba for the year 
1920 amounted to 5,286 cars. 


20 THE WU A REV RE 


The Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York 


Bid Asked 


Republic of Cuba Interior Loan 5% Bonds................. 2s essen eee 67 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944.................20005- 81 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949................22+-54. 79 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 419% Bonds of 1949...................4. 70 
Biggar Cate 1st Morirage G7, ONS occ se oa 6.8 5 oan ets oe ee afm Be 85 
Peperie Cty mo RAGTIsGNG 0% DIONOS. .iia ce ds ee en eas ow ales axe ee 85 
OMe aN OAO eC ETOFELTEd (StOCKa ane os ciccisieck v= wate esate «cin een eos een 45 
Cuba Railroad Ist Mortgage 5% Bonds 1952.....5.. ve eee cee ee eee 68 
i enna Y OF EDeNITe: DONOS iii. os cieles'e saa a wtpeyae aa so eee 67 
Cuba Company 6% Cumulative Preferred Stock............... 0.00 e eee 70 
Havana Electric Ry. Co. Cons. Mortgage 5% Bonds................-..-.. 75 
Havana Electric Ry. Light & Power Co. Pfd. Stock................000-05. 90 
Havana Electric Ry. Light & Power Co. Com. Stock...................... 85 
@uban American) sugar Go, Preterred Stock... ..c.25)- s.02 ood. scene ae 78 
Cuban’ American sugar Go. Common Stock... 2... st sa se sata eee 16 
GUAT LAMARO NSU ErA GOs COCK ots ae ae Ceeiche Scisie spe are tye Ce ea 9 


Traffic Receipts of Cuban Railroads 


EARNINGS OF THE HAVANA ELECTRIC RAILWAY, LIGHT & POWER 
Month of February: 1921 1920 1919 1918 
Rares UBUD INGA ares icin tog ars s mi as eras $1,034,871 $864,439 $703,156 $617,071 
MIPCTAUNT EXPENSOGe «,.o5.0%01 5.4. 0:0 lo o's aloo Sarees 574,040 437,966 352,146 279,333 
PWEHCH UDINE Be oe ome huis Us co heey ye ee 460,831 426,473 351,010 337,738 
Miscellaneous income....................- 6,190 6,695 5,498 10,106 
moval Net COME, «oer ae ss Cee 467,021 433,168 356,508 347,844 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges....... 238,850 188,241 166,267 218,655 
2 Months to February 28th: 
SEETEGININGS...... «> beeen 2,123,947 re ely s 1,429,514 1,262,081 
eourne CXpPenses........... vy amit ene 1,212,220 875,021 730,465 561,634 
SPSEEMINNGS. ..... . . + + «0.6 oe ene 911,727 872,536 699,049 700,447 
Miscellaneous income.................«+:- 12,455 12,747 14,509 18,953 
moral net income.............-+ see eee 885,283 713,558 719,400 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges....... 462,205 395,620 328,187 -462,193 
Month of March: 1921 1920 1919 1918 
Gross BODINE oe) eo = «on 1,055,030 927,785 657,255 642,110 
Operating expenses eee att ee 605,621 475,893 325,203 306,190 
REEMEIINGS. <.. oss + sce co eee eee 449,418 451,892 332,052 335,920 
Miscellaneous income...............-.---- 5,894 7,041 5,789 16,603 
Maral net INcOMe. ..\... 66.06 + s+ eee 455,312 458,933 337,841 352,523 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges....... OPH aL 211,106 129,910 191,277 
83 Months to March 31st: 
ovat) 2 TnI. ees esas c.s5 oc 3,178,977 2,675,342 2,086,769 1,904,191 
Barney CXDENSES. .,.). »-.-\-10 «arses ee 1,817,832 1,350,914 1,055,668 867,824 
oo) OC neers amo... - 1,361,145 1,324,428 1,031,101 1,036,367 
Miscellaneous income..................... 18,349 19,788 20,298 35,007 
Meneionet income...:......<> 2-2 eee 1,379,494 1,344,216 1,051,399 1,071,924 


BAS. 689,916 606,726 468,097 588,187 


EARNINGS OF THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA. 


Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 1919 1918 

Weelkiending Apnl23d..................: £174,330 £92,963 £89,108 £80,142 
Week ending April 30th............ ee 173,057 110,283 94,549 79,287 
Week SGD Mh rd 150,113 100,219 93,976 78,916 
Week ending May 14th..............:.... 152,527 94,809 86,105 76,983 


EARNINGS OF HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY. 


Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 

WieelsendingeAprililGthy..,.. 2% ..coreetess £17,474 £14,451 
Weel endingvApril 23d. 3.2. .5-22.0 22.2.5  S AGIGTS 14,467 
Week ending April 30th.................. 18,843 14,075 
Wieeljending: May Vthsss2 < ss sek ee 17,276 14,531 
Week ending May 14th... -)2. 2.2282)? 16,282 14,809 


Week ending May 21st:.¢.22... cube) cee 16,826 15,002 


Co. 


1917 


$504,325 
210,852 
293,473 
8,088 


301,561 
131,970 


1,051,813 
440,816 
610,997 

14,456 


625,453 
303,448 


1917 


545,397 
237,386 
308,011 

21,295 


329,306 
163,849 


1,597,210 
678,202 
919,008 

35,751 


954,759 
467,297 


1917 


£67,622 
67,987 
64,624 
57,951 


Mle CWI A IRI IA EIGN 21 


Havana’s Subway 


In a previous issue of THE CuBA REVIEW we published a note on the proposed new subway 
for Havana. 


The $45,000,000.00 required for the construction of this railroad, which will serve 
not only the city of Havana but also the entire province of the same name, will be 
subscribed to by American and English capital. The Havana subway will be similar to 
the Metropolitan of London and Paris, the New York subway, and those of Berlin, 
Buenos Aires, Madrid and others of the world’s principal cities. 

The name of the new company that will build the subway is the Cuba North & South 
Railroad Co. (Compafia Ferrocarrilera del Norte y Sur de Cuba) and the plans for the 
projected lines have been laid out by Messrs. Serafin Sanchez Govin and Ramiro de 
Ofiate, engineers and architects of the city of Havana, who have been studying the 
undertaking, laying out plans, etc., for the past seven years. The company, which is a 
Cuban organization, was formed before Notary Testar Fonts on June 5, 1918, and at 
the present time has already issued $25,000,000.00 in capital and stock and another 
$25,000,000.00 in bonds earning 6% interest, which according to our understanding 
has been taken up by a banking house in the United States in charge of placing same 
among American and English capitalists who are to finance the enterprise. During the 
months of September, October and November of last year Sr. Sanchez Govin, together 
with a member of the firm of Ofate & Sanchez Govin, engineers and architects, and Dr. 
Juan Antigas, auditor of the company, spent some time in New York City making a 
general study of conditions there so as to familiarize themselves with the latest im- 
provements made in subway building. Sr. Sanchez Govin and Dr. Antigas also made 
the preliminary arrangements for the placing of the stock and bonds by holding a series 
of conferences with different Wall Street bankers. During the month of May of this 
year these gentlemen will again leave for New York, vested with full power to make the 
final arrangements for the commencement of the actual work in the city of Havana 
within the coming year. 


Uniting the Towns of the Province 


According to the data which we have been able to obtain, the Cuba North & South 
Railroad Co. will have its initial station for the handling of passengers and freight at 
the Plazoleta de San Francisco (practically in front of the Lonja del Comercio Building), 
at which point the central subterranean station will be constructed. By means of this 
subway the city of Havana will be placed in direct communication with different im- 
portant towns of the Province of Havana, such as Calvario, Managua, Nazareno, San 
Antonio de las Vegas, Batabano, Melena del Sur, Nueva Paz, Palos, Pipian, Madruga, 
Casigua, Tapaste, Santa Maria del Rosario and San Francisco de Paula, thus forming a 
circuit embracing a number of North and South Coast points which will have its center 
at a conveniently situated place, the town of Calvario. 

The passenger trains will leave the central station every fifteen minutes simultaneously 
with the incoming trains; and all trains, both passenger and freight, upon arriving at 
the town of Arroyo Apolo will enter the subway and proceed to the terminus at San 
Francisco Plaza. The total length of the lines through the province will be 185 kilo- 
meters, and that of the subterranean lines 15 kilometers. The motive power of both 
passenger and freight trains will be electricity. It is stated that the passenger rates will 
be 30% less than those in effect via the United Railways of Havana and affiliated lines, 
and that a reduction of 50% will be made in the freight rates on fruit and other farm 
products. As regards the transportation of sugar cane to the centrals located within 
radius of the road, a 25% reduction will be made on the rates at present in effect. 

The subterranean part of the railroad will commence at Arroyo Apolo on privately 
owned property, and the tunnel will be constructed under the lines of the Havana Central 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


“CuBa NorRTH AND SouTtH RaitRoap Co.” 


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24 THE CUBA REVIEW 
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Railroad Co. at a depth of about ten meters, continuing its course to the city of Havana 
under Marques de la Habana St. in La Vibora, San Benigno and Tamarindo Sts. in 
Jesus del Monte, Quinta Covadonga and Lombillo St. in the Cerro, Quinta del Obispo 
and Sixth St. in Vedado, Reparto San Antonio and Calle 15; along L Street to the Na- 
tional University, thence under Neptuno St. to Central Park, Zulueta St., Cristo Park 
and Amargura St. to the central station. The tunnel forming the entrance for the sub- 
way into the city will consist of three lines and will be built of reinforced concrete and 
steel and the depth will be from 15 to 17 meters, depending upon the natural slope of 
the ground. 

The passenger stations through the city are to be situated at the following points: 
Plazoleta del Cristo, in front of Central Park, at Galiano and Neptuno Sts., Neptuno and 
Belascoain Sts., at the National University, L and 15th Sts., G St. (Avenida de los 
Presidentes) and 15th St., at Paseo (Avenida de los Alealdes) and 15th St. and 6th and 
15th St. in Vedado; at Calzada de Zapata and 6th St.; 5th and 37th Sts. in Reparto 
San Antonio, Calzada de Ayesteran and Lombillo St., Lombillo St. and Calzada del 
Cerro, Tamarindo and San Benigno Sts., San Benigno and Santa Irene, Marques de la 
Habana and Estrada Palma, Patrocinio St. and Calzada de la Vibora, and at the entrance 
of the tunnel at Arroyo Apolo. Outside of the city, stations will be built at Loma de 
San Juan, Calvario, Chorrera, Managua, Nazareno, Menocal, San Antonio de las Vegas, 
La Julia, Batabandé, Surgidero de Batabano on the Southern Line and on the Northern 
Line at San Francisco de Paula, Santa Maria Tapaste Casiguas, San Antonio, Madruga, 
Pipian, Josefita, Los Palos, Nueva Paz, San Nicolas, Guira de Melena, Providencia, 
Union, ete., without counting the numerous stopping places at different points which 
will be increased as soon as traffic warrants it. 

It is estimated that the total cost of building this railroad, including the subway 
entrance at Arroyo Apolo and the lines encircling the province of Havana, will be 
$30,000,000.00. The subterranean lines alone will cost approximately $1,000,000.00 per 
kilometer, equal to $15,000,000.00 for the fifteen kilometers which will comprise the 
city subway. The work will be carried out by contract, and offers are to be submitted 
by the principal concerns taking part in the construction of the New York subway, 
among whom will be the Subway Construction Co. of Manhattan, considered one of the 
most expert of its kind. 


Handling of Freight 


Elevators are to be installed at the San Francisco station and in this manner freight 
ears will be lifted to street level, thereby greatly facilitating the loading and unloading 
of cargo directly into and from the cars at the wharves. 


Officers of the Company 


According to information given recently the list of officers of the Cuba North & 
South Railroad Co. will include the original projectors, Messrs. Ofate and Serafin 
Sanchez Govin, as well as Messrs. José Manuel Govin, Ignacio Pl4 y Muro, Ernesto 
Perez de la Riva, Jacobo Mujica, Teodoro and Victor Cardenas, Dr. Juan Antigas and 
Daniel Conte, also several well known capitalists of the province of Havana, some of 
whom will also form part of the board of directors. The balance are to be designated by 


a American and English stockholders subscribing the capital required for this under- 
taking. 


The information which we are giving to the readers of Tae Cusa Review in this 
article has been obtained through the courtesy of Sr. Serafin Sanchez Govin of the firm 
of Onate & Sanchez Govin, engineers and architects, whose office and studio are located 
at No. 62 Villegas St., Havana, which also serves as office for the Cuba North & South 
Railroad Co. 


PILE CUBA REVIEW 


to 
Or 


HAVANA ELECTRIC RAILWAY, LIGHT & POWER 
COMPANY 


Ninta ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1920, 
FOR SUBMISSION AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE STOCKHOLDERS 
CALLED FOR May 19, 1921 


To THE STOCKHOLDERS: 
Your directors beg to submit their Ninth Annual Report. 
The gross earnings for the past five years were as follows: 
1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 
$35,017,708. 59 $6,989,599 . 33 $8,176,544. 76 $9,397 452.46 $11,477,937 . 27 
A condensed statement of the results of the operations during the same five years is: 


1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 
Gross earnings... . .$6,017,708.59 $6,989,599.33 $8,176,544.76 $9,397,452.46 $11,477,937 .27 
Operating expenses 


and taxes....... 2,443,885.33 3,385,469.83 4,376,655.65 4,979,685.22 6,448,451.78 
Net income....... $3,573,823 .26 $3,604,129 .50 $3,799,889.11 $4,417,767.24 $5,029,485.49 
Miscellaneous  in- 

come (net)...... 144,561.49 149,754.70 140,894.91 64,538.26 47,783 .85 


Total net income. .$3,718,384.75 $3,753,884.20 $3,940,784.02 $4,482,305.50 $5,077,269 .34 
First charges...... 1,297,093 .23 1,138,623.30 989,138.16 979,710.79 968,759.31 
Net profits from 

operation and 

miscellaneous in- 


COMER Ars $2,421,291.52 $2,615,260.90 $2,951,645.86 $3,502,594.71 $4,108,510.03 
Out of the net profits from operation and miscellaneous income for the year 
ENS CEI VIG WANT AMC YAiwe ss caren eae yoke TL a See oe ne ik | ace ny on $4,108,510.03 
There has been set aside as Reserve for Depreciation...................... 1,222,987 .38 
eae NEN se tsa PVA EERE CC: Ops Sef oc ry oa oa ig ee Ree ee cer ae $2,885,522 65 
The balance at credit of Profit and Loss Account, January 1, 1920, was..... 3,158,503 . 32 
SRataliapte teeters De atop e Were se MEE Nira it utes $6,044,025 .97 
and the following disposition was made thereof: 
Amortization of bond discount and expenses....................---------- $24,250.04 
Provision for sinking fund in respect to English bonds of Compafiia de Gas y 
bicepieidac de barkbabanan cee eh ie eS ae, wie aS SO seen ae fhe aes 14,500.00 
Provision for sinking fund in respect to the Consolidated Mortgage Bonds of 
WersLavans Hlectric Railway Company. 2). 222.02 ee 120,195.17 
Provision for sinking fund in respect to the General Mortgage Bonds of 
Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power Company..................... 99,572.62 
Dividends paid during the year (6% on the Preferred and Common Shares).. —2,155,609.38 
Profit and Loss Account—Balance carried forward to 1921................. 3,629,898 .76 
OU ET TEL Sete aay ROR ees SPE ne ae Ate en es af RE tee nee, Po eee aa Tete ga $6,044,025 .97 


The following is a summary of the operation of the various departments during 
the year 1920: 


Operating 

Gross Expenses and 
Earnings Taxes (not Per Cent. Net Earnings Per Cent. 
from including of Gross from of Gross 
Departments Operation First Charges) Earnings Operation Earnings 
Electric Railway. ase. $5,079,734.53  $3,559,026.86 70.06 $1,520,707.67 19.94 
Electric Light & Power... 4,564,576.73 ROARS > Eat Se oOnes 2,893,225.58 63.38 
Gee. Aa an narie a: 1,786,675.82  1,176,214.15 65.83 610,461.67 34.17 
Oyamii WR S Saker, bs wear 46,950.19 41,859.62 89.14 5,090.57 10.86 


$11,477,937.27 $6,448,451.78 56.18  $5,029,485.49 43.82 


i 
26 THE CUBA REVIEW 


I 


Your attention is invited to the accompanying detailed report of the general manager, 
from which you will see that the growth of your company’s business was greater than 
in any preceding year, notwithstanding that all departments suffered from scarcity of 
labor of all kinds, and from the difficulty of obtaining an adequate supply of materials 
for both current consumption and permanent installation. 

The uncertainty and irregularity in the receipt of materials, especially of anthracite 
coal, have been a cause of anxiety throughout the year. 

The prevalence of high prices and increase in the rate of wages paid to labor have 
also increased the operating expenses; nevertheless, the gain in net earnings has been 
larger than ever before. The gross earnings from operation of the entire property were 
22.14% greater than in 1919; the total operating expenses 32.9% greater; the total net 
earnings from operation 11.9% greater, and after deducting United States and Cuban 
taxes the gain was 13.8%. These figures must impress upon you the fact that the results 
obtained speak most highly of the efficiency, loyalty, and hearty cooperation of the officers 
and personnel of your company, to whom we express our sincere appreciation and thanks. 


The unrest among wage-earners that led to the two short sympathetic strikes during 
1919 continued in 1920, and increased as the year advanced, notwithstanding the fact 
that your company voluntarily increased wages by 29% in the first seven months of the 
year. In the latter part of July, 1920, the carmen presented demands which could not 
be granted, as the terms were so unreasonable that they really amounted to transferring 
ownership of the company from you to the Carmen’s Union; and on August 7th they 
declared a strike. Rumors were put into circulation that the strike had been pre- 
arranged between the company and the Carmen’s Union to force the government to 
consent to increase the rate of fare. The absurdity of the possibility of such an agree- 
ment was communicated by your general manager to the authorities both in person and 
in writing. All carmen on strike were considered to have left your company’s employ, 
and steps were taken to replace them. Progress along this line was made daily and 
complete service reestablished on August 21st. All but about three hundred of the old 
carmen, considered undesirable, were taken back at the rates of pay they had rejected— 
convinced that increasing wages and the increasing prices, with the public bearing the 
burden, cannot go on forever, and cannot bring about reduction in the high cost of living, 
which latter was the basis for their demands. 

This was the first strike against your company since its organization, and the first 
in the history of the railway division since 1906. It is to be regretted that the gross 
earnings of the railway decreased during the strike period, but it is hoped that the old 
employees of the company are now aware of the danger of letting strangers run their 
organization. The cry for increased wages had become a semi-annual habit, and a two- 
cent increase in fare would only have satisfied the demands of about 50% of your 
employees, for the time being, and the remainder were only awaiting the outcome of the 
struggle to make like requests. 

We recognize that the same reasons which induced the authorities in the United 
States to permit street railway, electric light and gas companies to increase their rates 
are much more applicable in Cuba on account of the higher costs due to ocean freights 
and import duties. The desire of your company, however, to contribute in bringing 
about cheaper living costs is the primary reason why we are still working on a five-cent 
fare with right to one transfer, and why we are still charging the same rates for electric 
light and gas as were established twenty years ago. 


From the report of the general manager you will note that— 


Gross receipts from all sources for 1920 were............. $11,525,721 .12 
The total deductions for operation, maintenance, and ac- 

CIDR Gases Were eo 2), Lee yee eee 6,448,451 .78 
The total expenditure for construction account was........ 1,150,653 .35 
Customs duties on Imports into Cuba were............... 172,675.11 


Other Cuban taxes paid amounted to.................... 136,962.28 
MHMediates tAxen pald. oe. See ce eee 219,361.49 


THOS CORA ECV Tl KW: 27 


Special attention is invited to the following data pertaining to the railway service: 


The total number of passengers carried was.............. 97,019,389 
Rassenger caramiles: were. (ni sc. (4... sn 52 se nape les 13,668,249 
Passenger earnings per car mile were.................... .3949 


The Electric Light and Power Department has contributed 57.6% of the total net 
earnings of the company. The increase in gross earnings from electric light and power 
during 1920, over 1919, was substantially equivalent to the entire net earnings from 
this source five years ago. But it must be remembered that the average cost of steam 
coal delivered during 1914 at the plant was $4.50 per ton, whereas during 1920 it was 
$15.18 per ton; and that the wages of common labor in the same period increased to the 
unprecedented extent of over 240 %. 

The Gas Department also advanced in relative importance. The most interesting 
fact in the 1920 operation of this department is the reduction in operating expense 
relative to the output and the notable improvement in operating ratio during a year 
when the price of coal and gas-oil and the rates of wages, which constitute the principal 
elements of expense in the manufacture and distribution of gas, were higher than ever 
before. 

The new 2,310,000-gallon steel tank purchased from the Sinclair Oil Company was 
completed and in readiness for use when the oil shipment was due. A platform scale of 
20 tons capacity was installed, and a new 14-foot diameter Hinman drum type station 
meter has been contracted for. This meter, together with the new drum ordered for the 
existing 14-foot meter, will more than double the meter capacity at the gas works. The 
business of this department is steadily increasing and the manufacturing capacity must 
be enlarged during the coming year. 

The project for the improvement of the harbor frontage of the gas works property, 
etc., referred to in our last year’s report, was approved and authorized by the president 
of the Republic of Cuba, and preparations are being made to construct a reinforced 
concrete wharf, 341 feet long, in conjunction with a similar wharf that the Havana 
Central Railroad Co. is to build in line with it, and adjoining it at the westerly end. 

The continuous construction of cars prevented the remodeling of the railway shops 
which must be reorganized and extended. Thirty-two new passenger cars were finished 
and eighteen more were nearly completed at the end of the year; while nine passenger 
cars were reconstructed, making approximately one new car per week. It has become 
apparent that the increase of passengers relative to car miles is too large. Accordingly, 
designs for an improved passenger car are now being worked out. The outstanding 
features thereof are an increased capacity, less dead weight and a decrease in time required 
for construction. It is expected that early in 1921 one of the new cars will be ready 
for trial. 

Your power plant has continued to operate reliably and economically. . The total 
net output was 76,764,351 k.w.h., and 73,874 tons of coal were consumed, equal to 2.156 
Ibs. per k.w.h. 

None the less, the necessity of adding to the electric generating capacity in the 
Consolidated Power Plant referred to in our report for 1919 was made more evident by 
the increase of 18.7% in output over 1919. 

In May, 1920, contracts were made with the Westinghouse Electrical International 
Company to furnish two 25,000-k.w. turbine generator units and auxiliaries, and it is 
expected that one of the units will be shipped about August, 1921, the other about 
April, 1922. 

Your present power plant was started in 1914, but all of the three generating units 
were not ready till the end of that year. The output of 1920 was 82% more than in 
1915, and if the increase of output in 1921 equals that of 1920, the end of that year 
will find the generators now in service with about all they can properly do. So it is 
hoped that by then the first of the two new units will be ready for service. 

It is with great sorrow that your board of directors is called upon to record the 
death, on April 25, 1920, of Mr. David T. Davis, first vice-president, general counsel, 


28 THE CUBA REVIEW 


and a director of your company, and the death, on August 23, 1920, of Don Emeterio 
Zorrilla, second vice-president and director. 

To each member of the board Messrs. Davis and Zorilla had endeared themselves, 
both by their genial personality and by the most valuable services rendered to your 
company in faithful devotion to its affairs since its organization. 

The vacancy in the board of directors as vice-president and as general counsel, 
occasioned by the death of Mr. Davis, was filled by your board of directors through the 
election, May 27, 1920, of Mr. R. R. Loening; and the second vice-presidency, made 
vacant by the death of Mr. Zorilla, was filled by the election, on October 14, 1920, of 
Mr. Antonio San Miguel, formerly the third vice-president. Mr. Dionisio Velasco of 
your board was elected, October 14, 1920, third vice-president to succeed Mr. San 
Miguel. Mr. Zorilla’s place on the board of directors remained unfilled during the year. 

Messrs. Davis, Symmes & Schreiber, of New York, were appointed associate counsel 
May 27, 1920. 

The accounts of your company, as in former years, are audited monthly by Messrs. 
Deloitte, Plender, Griffiths & Co. 


For the board of directors, 


F. Srermnnart, President. 
Havana, Cuba, April 21, 1921. 


BALANCE SHEET, DECEMBER 31, 1920 


ASSETS 
Properties, Plant and Equipment, as per December 31, 
BLO, TEpOrt....... «seer eneee eee $57,084,626 .06 
emeaaaitions during Y car...) eee eee 1,150,653.35 $58,235,279 :41 
memenements (at cost)...... 0... « see eee eee 312,861.88 
Current Assets: 
ascein banks and on hand...) 0.2) oe $994,162.31 
Accounts and notes receivable after providing for bad 
anc doubtful debts. .... ...... 2. sae 2,282,369 .01 
Materials, Merchandise and Supplies on hand......... 1,649,256 .99 
Mieperials in transit....:..... so .fee eee 660,348 .62 5,586,136 .93 
Payments in Advance, Deferred Assets and Charges, étc.: 
Advance payments on contracts.................... $296,636 .34 
Insurance paid in advance, deferred charges, ete...... 39,464.34 336,100.68 


Capital Stock of Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power 
BeMPONY..... 25... .c05-- 5s ee $17,522.74 


Held in reserve in respect of the following: 
Capital Stock of Havana Electric Railway 
Company, Outstanding: 
To be exchanged for capital stock of 
Havana Electric Railway, Light 
& Power Company.............. $14,975.00 
Capital Stock of Compania de Gas y Elec- 
tricidad de la Habana, Outstanding: 
To be exchanged for capital stock of 
Havana Electric Railway, Light 
& Power Company........... Ae: 2,547 .74 17,522.74 


NotEe.—A Moratorium was declared by the Government of the Repub- 
lic of Cuba on October 10, 1920, and is still in force. 


$64,470,378 . 90 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


LIABILITIES 
Capital Stock: 
Authorized and issued: 
Common: 
150,000 shares, par value $100.00 each, fully paid 
and non-assessable..................00-00005 $15,000,000 .00 
Less: Held in treasury: 
516.54 shares, par value $100.00 each........... 51,654.00 


6% Cumulative Preferred: 

210,000 shares, par value $100.00 each.......... $21,000,000 .00 
Less: Held in treasury: 

215.23 shares, par value $100.00 each........... 21,523 .00 


Funded Debt: 
As per schedule attached hereto................ 000 c eee eee eee eee 


Bank Loans: 
(Rardlofiisince closelot fiscalsyear)i= oe ane cee seas ae eases 
Current Liabilities: 
AC COMMUESGO AVEO Le mes tee as ee yee arses) atom baekay | Os ee $575,525 .35 
Dividends and interest due but unpaid.............. 94,577.73 
Accured interest on bonds......................5.- 285,105.90 


Deferred Liabilities: 

Being consumers’ and other deposits, etc)... . 4-22 .4-.-2+-..22-4256--= 
Reserve for Taxes: 

(VSR WOON E10 IRR ce aoe mE ENC ETO se eg iar nn PS Rone ERS tar here arm 


IS DE GULBIGES CTU C Barat ane ote ae2. AE TEL RANCH 1a MERE ata got cn apo Mm Sa GeR eae sacs aE Er 
BESET UCM OTL DIC DTECLOALLON iss caste hod te OBO oe He Rn SE I eN 


Corporate Surplus: 
Profit and loss account—Credit balance as per state- 
AMEN ETS WALI E een ta Malice Sian toe ic ee Sune areas $3,629,898 . 96 
Funded debt retired through income and Surplus: 
Consolidated Mortgage 5% Gold Bonds of 
Havana Electric Railway Company.... $702,000.00 
Thirty-seven Year English 5% Mortgage 
Bonds of Compania de Gas y Electrici- ' 
dad de la Habana................... 156,116.63 
General Mortgage 5% Sinking Fund Gold 
Bonds of Havana Electric Railway, 
Light & Power Company............. 89,000 .00 947,116.63 


Sinking Fund Reserves: 
Consolidated Mortgage 5% Gold Bonds of 
Havana Electric Railway Company... 127,274.17 
General Mortgage 5% Sinking Fund Gold 
Bonds of Havana Electric Railway, 
Light & Power Company............. 63,688.54 190,962.71 


ScHEDULE OF FUNDED Dest DECEMBER 31, 1920 


Consolidated Mortgage 5% Gold Bonds of Havana Electric 

Railway Company, dated February 1, 1902, and due 
ebiratyg lel OOD hie cancels hence ac mittunmer onan acre acter ta $8,759,111 .09 
PGESS eG LV CASUR Vee tem ok ce hee See es nae ea eee 687,541.09 


6% General Consolidated Obligations of Compafiia de Gas 

y Electricidad de la Habana, called for redemption on 

Re, UTC D5 VOM (iB e s irae osc secant ai ce eetce os Se eensin Meera aren 

Fifty-Year 6% Mortgage Bonds of Compafiia de Gas y 
Electricidad de la Habana, 1904..................... $3,998,000. 00 
essa lntreasuiiny. nae ta cies toca ny Giri so baa ee na reek 96.00 


$14,948,346 .00 


20,978,477 .00 
$35,926,823 .00 
18,481,690 .71 


700,000 . 00: 


955,208 .98 


582,071.05 


456,445.21 
524,040.61 
2,076,121 .24 


4,767,978. 10 
$64,470,378 . 90 


$8,071,570.00 


6,100.00 


3,997,904. 00 


a 


30 THE 


CUBA REVIEW 


a 


Thirty-seven-Year English 5% Mortgage 
Bonds of Compafiia de Gas y Electri- 


cidad de la Habana, 1906............. (£117,700) 
Bice INCREASE coe a cee caieras 2%. coe 2 ace (£ 1,400) 
(£116,300) 


General Mortgage 5% Sinking Fund Gold Bonds of Havana 
Electric Railway, Light & Power Company, dated 
September 1, 1914, due September 1, 1954............ 

Less: aha. 
Deposited with trustee under Sinking 
Fund 
Deposited with Cuban Government... . 
MIRERERBUN ee teh eae ei oti akc etc SS 


$89,000.00 
52,000. 00 
*2,546,000. 00 


$568,883 .37 
6,766 .66 


$8,531,000. 00 


2,687,000. 00 


$562,116.71 


5,844,000 . 00 
$18,481,690.71 


* Of this amount, $1,250,000.00 were on deposit December 31, 1920, as collat- 
eral for bank loans and have been returned to the Company’s Treasury since close 


of fiscal year. 


ConpDENSED Prorit AND Loss AccOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1920 


Railway 
Department 
$5,126,684 .72 
3,495,568 . 34 


$1,631,116.38 


Gross Earnings from Operation.......... 
[OBETAUINE EXPENSES... wide ae we 


Deduct: 
Seren, U.S. A........ 02ers $91,949.80 
Meeees Cuba............ 55 eee 10,000.00 
MmpOrANNuities..........>. aoe 3,368 .34 
Interest on funded debt.............. 553,986 .36 
Interest on bank loans............... 3,227.78 


$662,532.28 
$968,584.10 


$675,545. 
$3,092,142. 


Light & Power 
Department 

$6,351,252 .55 
2,583,565 .30 


$3,767,687 .25 


$123,000.00 
141,000.00 
408,317 .39 
3,227. 


Deduct: 
Reserve for depreciation............. $381,396.45 
$587,187.65 


Add: 


Miscellaneous Income: 


$841,590. 


$2,250,551 .15 


Interest on deposits and securities, less loss on securities sold, etc... . 


2s rr oe eee ye 


Deduct: 
Amortization of bond discount and expenses.......... 
Provision for Sinking Fund of 37-Year English 5% 

Mortgage Bonds of Compafia de Gas y Electricidad 
Meith SISA fae orto ue |. 3 va Aaisindia'au eembleh ee ee 
Provision for Sinking Fund of Consolidated Mortgage 
5% Gold Bonds of Havana Electric Railway Com- 
BEERS eee a A in feltd ce cs Ied sine ke he eee 
Provision for Sinking Fund of General Mortgage 5% 
Sinking Fund Gold Bonds of Havana Electric Rail- 
way, Light & Power Company 


$24,250.04 


14,500.00 


120,195.17 


99,572.62 


Total 
$11,477,937 .27 
6,079,133 .64 


$5,398,803 .63 


$214,949.80 
151,000.00 
3,368 . 34 
962,303.75 
6,455.56 
$1,338,077 .45 


$4,060,726 .18 


$1,222,987 .38 
$2,837,738.80 


$13,352.88 
34,430.97 


$47,783.85 
$2,885,522 .65 


258,517.83 


DEE AGUS bwAs Are EV TE Ws 31 


IN(CISR ro fttefOnath Cu COnm cee Ns ham eontea gc ait al vee ete tse Bae ee ire eaten $2,627,004 .82 
Balance at credit of profit and loss account, January 1, 1920............. 3,158,503 .32 
$5,785,508 . 14 


Dividends Paid: 
On Preferred Shares: 


May 15, 1920, on $20,978,477 .00 at 


DU Sa aster ss A a a $629,354.31 
Nov. 15, 1920, on $20,978,477 .00 at 
BO ADE errs Ome A Fat 629,354.31 $1,258,708.62 


On Common Shares: 
May 15, 1920, on $14,948,346 .00 at 


BAG ota Gaara eal sie ee eee mu $448,450.38 
Nov. 15, 1920, on $14,948,346 .00 at 
SO So mca te Ae arta oe eared eae, oie 448 450.38 896,900.76 2,155,609 .38 
Balance carried to Balance Sheet......................-00- $3,629,898 . 76 


STATEMENT OF OPERATION OF THE LigHt & PowER DIVISION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 
DEcEMBER 31, 1920 


ELECTRICITY 
OPERATING EXPENSES: 
IN REX CRI Koae aut s el rei peratoly oor emincinlae a cetnictes org sit $875,085 . 22 
Distributions ee oo eee AE EE Oe ee ea ote 215,513.71 
(General ee recone UA ena Rue A aa ane eee 362,754.84 
Motal«OperatingsbxMenSes: x tes cvec cds en ete esha adi aneeae asters $1,453,353 .77 
NemLarningsinony Operaonfor NO20)0 see c oe eee ce eee aoe 3,111,222 .96 
$4,564,576 .73 
Gas 
OPERATING EXPENSES: 
Niamiibacture tere. ait seni Siac eee tee teeta tina siaeat $767,756.87 
Distrib WET Oyster yl eae rr ers ee aace hee et area een 174,389 .51 
(General eek deere Nels cerrado naa iGde Healer tues 188,065.15 
MotalO peratingalexpensese. ose cutee, oc eta eer aes $1,130,211 .53 
ICMAT IN GSH LOMO PEALLON JOT O20 Es sess noire eee eye seen ieee oe a 656,464.29 
$1,786,675 .82 
NEC TCS Caen tase eee er ep ea Sipe cpt acy tary LAr cis ure nun auc eS $411,545.17 
TESES 5 0/5 Pes SB See ONS SCORE eee tr te HOE oe rears RS aU pT area eee eee AS 264,000.00 
INESEHVIE OTL CPreClatiOmM aces soa an ei ols eee eae etek a ie Se slieaeee C ceo 841,590.93 
Net Income for the Division for 1920............. 000 cece cee cece eee es 2,250,551 .15 
$3,767,687 .25 
ELECTRICITY 
EARNINGS: 
SalcrotsMlectricitiee eaioee otis wes eee teen ee $4,461,614 .06 
Muscellaneous Harmingses.jcs0 osc ace} een ee oes 102,962 .67 
GT GSSBELOUTAUTLG Steg ev Tee cee Ee EAN HOE OE) TARE $4,564,576 .73 
$4,564,576 .73 
Gas 
EARNINGS: 
DaleroimG asset eka tee ed els reat Moe i acteeeat tee $1,644,921 .92 


IMiscellaneoustHarnings4. 02%. -u) 4s eee eee 141,753.90 


EE 
82 THE CUBA REVIEW 


$1,786,675 .82 
$1,786,675. 82 
$3,767,687 .25 


SIN MER CEALRYET ee GM RCTS l veer tx oP ects stay seis bay, 9h are H os masye ern sgs: stagsdNnee hn Tas 


Net Rarninoe for the Dintsion for 1920.0... 655 ci eke ta cewise eevee 


STATEMENT OF OPERATION OF THE RAILWAY DIVISION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 
DECEMBER 31, 1920 
OPERATING EXPENSES: 


ETH LCNIANICE eer Os hic cs WE eels se Pcie oy $653,498 : 94 
MRIIT ORO 4.5 Sarma sore sacle es hohe cede tle sts 2,505, L07 .93 
PGETIELAI Cetera RE eae ctioe ci oe ee he ee 295,450. 20 


REE LITIGNCONITIFOUSCS sco ocr S wisi See Ok rere Sale sueisvese ales 41,511.27 


SGU NEPALI HLEDENRERS oases xn vee. 8 Se eda Sew pa ee $3,495,568 . 34 


Nenbarnings jon Operation for L920) ooo. se cae ews ess woes chee ee 1,631,116 .38 

$5,126,684 .72 
Nay sl yes Us che eke Gro cro EOIN se ci iertca tree ACI Gre Reyes aes See 2 $557,214.14 
TRON RES ES ar ar oar ens ee eR Bee ee aay Sa CRS 101,949.80 
MP RRREIEUINCN ris. Ek lam sints sinhis s+ + ewidok hays ord ee Sick Sieg eal eMeeenE 3,368 . 34 
EES ERRES EE CSR P OMNI OT fe xa <5 2 Sherer, 5 1s reius le eis alcer eee een ee 381,396.45 
Memlimcome TON the Division jor 1920.33 dtc ok ewes oad cine ee ee eee 587,187.65 

$1,631,116.38 
EARNINGS: 


eae arnings....... - ieee enema 
Miscellaneous Earnings................. 
Gasoline Omnibus Earnings............. 


MPACUTIULTUGS «5. oo 5 eo os ee 


Net Earnings from Operation for 1920......... 


$4,986,829 39 
92,905.14 
46,950.19 
$5,126,684.72 
$5,126,684. 72 
$1,631,116.38 


$1,631,116.38 


The West India Sugar Finance 
Corporation 

Notice has been given that coupon 
4 and all subsequent coupons covering 
interest due on and after June 15, 1921, 
on the 7% Secured Sinking Fund Gold 
Bonds of the West India Sugar Finance 
Corporation will be paid at the office of 
the Trustee, The Guaranty Trust Com- 
pany, 140 Broadway, New York. 


American Beet Sugar Co. 


With a production last season of 
1,461,799 bags of sugar, representing an 
increase of 35 per cent over the previous 
year, the American Beet Sugar Company 
ended its fiscal year 1920-21 on March 


31 with net earnings of $431,058.50, and 
a deficit, after deducting dividends pay- 
able on the preferred stock at the rate 
of $6 a share, of $166,491, as compared 
with a surplus of $925,810 at the end 
of the year 1919-20. 


The Cuban-American Sugar Company 
Preferred and Common Dividend 


The Board of Directors has declared the 
following dividends: On the Preferred 
stock, a dividend of $1.75 per share; on 
the Common stock, a dividend of Fifty 
Cents ($.50) per share, payable July Ist, 
1921, to stockholders of record at the 
close of business on June 15th, 1921. 

The transfer books will not be closed. 

Checks will be mailed. 


Dh Jal Ji (CAG! 3 See IE AY IIE AY. 33 


Sugar Review 
Specially written for THE CUBA REVIEW by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


Our last review for this magazine was dated April 28th, at which time the raw sugar 
quotation was on the basis of 37c. c. & f., but since that date the market has shown 
an upward turn and the quotation at this writing is 5.06c. duty paid with sales of full 
duties and other sugars at this equivalent. The Sugar Finance Committee, however, 
have maintained their price unchanged at 37%c., c. & f., at which price they have 
recently sold some 75,000 bags Cubas. The market continues steady and practically 
all refiners have participated in the buying with a result that a large part of the sugars 

‘held in store here or nearby on lighters has been cleaned up. 

In the refined situation there is no change to report, with business at the moment 
rather light, although a large demand has been experienced during the past two or three 
weeks, which has tended likewise to influence the raw situation. Refiners’ quotations 
are irregular, ranging from 6.30c. to 6.60c. less the usual 2% for cash. One of the incen- 
tives to purchase has been the withdrawal of the Tariff clause from refiners’ contracts 
and also the willingness on the part of some refiners to accept 30-day contracts. 

The Emergency Tariff Bill, which assesses 60c. per 100 pounds additional duty on 
96° test Cuba sugars, has now passed Congress and awaits, at this writing, the signature 
of the President. The bill is expected to become effective immediately after signing. 
It looks to us as if the additional amount of duty must cause some increase in the prices 
of refined sugar as it does not seem reasonable to expect the refiners to assume the entire 
60c. per 100 pounds additional, there being no indication that the raw sugar market will 
decline to any such extent. 

There is no special change to report in conditions in the elon of Cuba. The 
Centrals are now beginning to close down rapidly and at this writing 172 are at 
work. The weekly receipts at the shipping ports recently have continued to exceed 
the receipts for the corresponding weeks last year. The stock of sugar held in the Island 
is very large and the past week has seen a new high record, the stock now amounting 
to 1,283,445 tons of new crop sugars and 28,798 tons of old crop. The visible production 
to date stands at slightly better than 2,500,000 tons against 2,950,000 tons last year 
and 2,940,000 tons in 1919. Owing to the uncertainty of the outturn of the crop, due 
to the abnormal conditions now prevailing in Cuba, we have been adjusting our figures 
of the expected outturn from week to week using the crop of 1918-19 as the basis. Under 
these conditions the crop now harvesting indicates, at the present time, an outturn of 
3,620,000 tons. 

Since our last review we have compiled our figures on the outturn of the domestic 
beet crop in this country for the season 1920-21 and same is appended herewith. 

AMERICAN Best Crop 1920-21.—(Final Figures.)—We have now completed the 
compilation of the outturn of the 1920-21 Beet Sugar crop in the United States, and give 
below the results as obtained from the reports of the 97 factories which operated. 

The outturn during the season 1920-21 was the largest on record, amounting to 
969.419 tons of sugar, and far exceeding any previous yield in the history of our domestic 
industry. The largest previous production was 779,756 tons in 1915-16 which latter crop, 
it is interesting to note, was produced by only 67 factories. Production in 1919-20 
amounted to 652,957 tons and in 1918-19, 674,892 tons. The favorable weather during 
the growing and harvesting periods contributed largely to this greatly increased pro- 
duction. 

The State of Colorado continues to lead as the largest producing State, with an 
outturn of sugar during this campaign amounting to 262,941 tons. California continued 
as the second largest producer with 149,997 tons, and Michigan third with 148,936 tons. 
The State of Utah was fourth with 145,170 tons and Nebraska fifth with 79,924 tons. 
Ohio showed a good increase over last year’s crop, outturning 42,190 tons of sugar. 


[ne ne 
34 THE CUBA REVIEW 


NN 


The total tonnage of beets sliced amounted to 7,094,059 tons, of which Colorado 
sliced 1.933.595 tons; Utah, 1,121,472 tons; Michigan, 1,112,301 tons; and California, 
942,169 tons. ; 

The total acreage harvested amounted to 842,980 acres, as against 679,822 acres 
harvested in 1919-20, and 593,640 acres harvested in 1918-19. 

The average yield of sugar per acre was 1.15 tons against 0.96 tons last year and 
1.13 tons in 1918-19. 

Factories which did not operate during the past season were those at Lamar, Colo.; 
Chino, Cal.; Hamilton City, Cal.; Tracy, Cal.; Whitehall, Mont.; North Yakima and 
Sunnyside, Wash. ; 

The following table gives the 1920-21 and 1919-20 crops in comparison: 


By gf |? .f ded $2 cf Bed ee 
Be $8 gbe2 gSe8 £2 as 25 2e 225 
BO “Hh a) A a HO <5 are a of 
—1920-21— —1919-20 — 
ROP oe hoes o 5 47,562 339,881 42,190 5 30,265 260,878 28,450 
Noiehigan: 2235.02 2 17 149,442 1,112,301 148,936 16 134,619 948,740 117,034 
Nebraska........... 5) -72;296 597,915 79,924 4 59,329 494,731 54,349 
Colorada .. .s-< <0: 17 207,778 1,933,595 262,941 15 174,022 1,479,987 173,446 
|G0 rol ee 18 112,080 1,121,472 145,170 18 103,809 809,269 90,085 
WAANO ee reel ie 8 43,335 354,097 50,630 7 24,569 195,286 23,809 
California........... 10 113,681 942,169 149,997 10 100,091 722,353 120,421 
NGAGE ee So cvcctara ce] 
LUT rr 
Wisconsin......... 
Minnesota........ | 
Montana......... - 717 96,806 692,629 89,631 *15 53,118 373,936 45,363 
Wamsas........... 
Mayoming.......:. 
on aa 
Washington....... | 
Total........... 97 842,980 7,094,059 969,419 90 679,822 5,285,180 652,957 


tIncludes 5 factories in Wisconsin, 3 in Wyoming, 3 in Iowa and 1 each in Indiana, 
Illinois, Minnesota, Kansas, Washington and Montana. 

*Includes 4 factories in Wisconsin, 3 in Wyoming, 2 in Washington and 1 each in Indiana, 
Illinois, lowa, Minnesota, Kansas and Montana. 


According to our Canadian correspondent some increases have also been made in 
the Canadian tariff and details are as under: 


Canapa Tarirr.—Special Telegram received by us from Toronto, Ont., May 10, 
1921.—The budget was brought down last night and proposes new sugar duties in cents 
per pound as follows: 


Preferential General 

Sugar above No. 16 D. 8S. and refined: 

PeeeOLAINGer................ 285 eee 1250 2.00 

i EtMEOVEY................-- soe 1.79 2.39 
Sugar not above No. 16 D.S.: 

AMC PEI ATIC OL oo). «5000s e Saas og eee ee .70 1.1608 

OLS Th RL Raed, 48 RRR OE see Raton gk Re aD hake RUPE RE 18 .85 1.68712 

Be eerestnin VED e, 2 me 28 |, ie Use ee aie ee 8714 1.8314 


Sugars over 16 Dutch Standard imported by Refiners were assessed a higher duty 
than the 96° sugars under 16 D. 8., but under the new West Indian Trade Agreement 
Refiners can import washed sugars which may be over 16 D. S. at the same duty as the 
96° testing sugars. In other words, there is no penalty imposed for sugars bright in color 
and the only basis on which the duty will be assessed will be the actual polariscopic test. 


MVE I (CRW 3 Al Ie IH IY IG, UY 35 


On 96° the old Preferential Duty was 1.0324c., with Non-preferential duty 1.375c.; 
while on refined sugar the old duty was 2.09c. 


New York, N. Y., May 26, 1921. 


Revista Azucarera 
Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


Nuestra ultima revista para esta publicacién estaba fechada el 28 de abril ppdo., 
en cuya ocasién la cotizacién del azticar crudo era bajo la base de 3c. costo y flete, pero 
desde esa fecha el mercado ha tomado un giro hacia la alza y la cotizacién al escribir esta 
revista es 5.06c. derechos pagados con ventas de aztcares con todos los derechos y otros 
azucares a este equivalente. Sin embargo, el Comité Financiero del Azicar ha sostenido 
su precio sin cambio a 3%%c. costo y flete, y a cuyo precio han vendido recientemente 
unos 75,000 sacos de azticar de Cuba. El mercado contintia estable y prdcticamente 
todos los refinadores han participado en las compras, dando por resultado que una gran 
parte de los azucares almacenados aqui o en lanchones cercanos ha sido vendida. 

En la cuestién del azicar refinado no hay que anotar cambio, los negocios al pre- 
sente siendo de poca importancia, aunque se ha experimentado una grande demanda 
durante las tiiltimas dos o tres semanas, lo cual igualmente ha influido en la situacién 
del azicar crudo. Las cotizaciones de los refinadores son irregulares, variando de 
6.30c. a 6.60c. menos el acostumbrado descuento de 2% por el pago al contado. Uno 
de los incentivos a comprar ha sido la revocacién de la cl4usula de la Tarifa en los contra- 
tos de los refinadores, asi como el acceder algunos refinadores a aceptar contratos de 30 
dias. 

El proyecto de ley de la Tarifa de Emergencia, que impone 60c. las 100 libras como 
derecho adicional en los azicdres de Cuba polarizacién de 96 grados, ha sido aprobado 
por el Congreso y aguarda ahora sea firmado por el Presidente. Es de esperarse que 
esa ley tenga efecto inmediatamente que la firme el Presidente. Segtin nuestro parecer, 
los derechos adicionales causardn algtin aumento en los precios del azticar refinado, 
pues no parece razonable esperar que los refinadores asuman por su cuenta enteramente 
el recargo de 60c. adicionales las 100 libras, no habiendo indicios de que el mercado del 
azucar crudo baje en precio a ese extremo. 

Respecto a la situacién en la Isla de Cuba no hay cambio especial que anotar. Los 
Centrales estén empezando ahora a cerrarse rApidamente, y al escribir esta revista hay 
172 en operacién. Los recibos semanales en los puertos de embarque recientemente 
han continuado en exceso de los recibos por las correspondientes semanas el afio pasado. 
Las existencias de aztiicar en Cuba son muy grandes y la semana pasada han Ilegado 
a una cantidad extraordinaria, ascendiendo las existencias a 1,283,445 toneladas de 
azuacar de la nueva zafra y a 28,798 toneladas de la zafra pasada. La produccidn visible 
hasta la fecha es algo mds de 2,500,000 toneladas contra 2,950,000 toneladas el afio 
pasado y 2,940,000 toneladas en 1919. Debido a la inseguridad del rendimiento de la 
zafra a causa del estado anormal que prevalece ahora en Cuba, hemos ajustado nuestras 
cifras sobre el rendimiento que se espera de semana en semana, tomando la zafra de 
1918-19 como base. Bajo estas condiciones la zafra que se esté recogiendo ahora indica 
al presente un rendimiento de 3,620,000 toneladas. 

Desde nuestra ultima revista hemos compliado nuestras cifras sobre la produccién 
de la cosecha de azticar de remolacha del pais para la estacién de 1920-21, que damos 
a continuacion. 

CosECHA DE AZUCAR DE REMOLACHA DE 1920-21 EN Los Estapos Unipos (Cifras 

finales).—Hemos completado ahora la compliacién del rendimiento de la cosecha de 


———_—————————————— 


36 THE CUBA REVIEW 


azicar de remolacha de 1920-21 en los Estados Unidos, y damos a continuacién los resul- 
tados segtin obtenidos de informes de las 97.fdbricas que hubo en operacién. 

El rendimiento durante la estacién de 1920-21 fué el més grande de que se tenfa 
conocimiento, ascendiendo a 969,419 toneladas de azticar y excediendo en mucho a 
cualquier previo rendimiento en la historia de nuestra industria de aztcar en el pais. 
La produccién mas grande con anterioridad fué 779,756 toneladas en 1915-16, cuya 
produccién, digna de notarse, fué producida por 67 fabricas solamente. La produccién 
en 1919-20 ascendié a 652,957 toneladas y en 1918-19 a 674,892 toneladas. El tiempo 
favorable durante los perfodos del crecimiento y recoleccién de la remolacha contribuy6 
en gran parte a esta produccién tan en aumento. 

El Estado de Colorado contintia a la cabeza como el Estado de mas produccién 
con un rendimiento de azticar durante esta estacién que asciende a 262,941 toneladas. 
California continvia ocupando el segundo lugar como uno de los mas grandes productores 
con 149,997 toneladas, y Michigan el tercero con 148,936 toneladas. El Estado de 
Utah ha sido el cuarto con 145,170 toneladas, y Nebraska el quinto con 79,924 toneladas. 
El Estado de Ohio mostré un buen aumento sobre la cosecha del aio pasado, produciendo 
42,190 toneladas de azticar. 

El total de toneladas de remolacha preparada para el azticar ascendié a 7,094,059 
toneladas, de las cuales Colorado preparé 1,933,595 toneladas, Utah 1,121,472 toneladas, 
Michigan 1,112,301 toneladas y California 942,169 toneladas. 

El total de terreno de remolacha cosechada ascendié a 842,980 acres de superficie, 
contra 679,822 acres de terreno cosechados en 1919-20 y 593,640 acres cosechados en 
1918-19. 

El promedio del rendimiento de azticar por acre de terreno fué 1.15 toneladas contra 
0.96 toneladas el aio pasado y 1.13 toneladas en 1918-19. 

Las fabricas que no funcionaron durante la pasada estacién fueron las de Lamar, 
en Colorado; Chino, en California; Hamilton City, en California; Tracy, en California; 
Whitehall, en Montana; No. Nakima, y Sunnyside, en Washington. 

La siguiente tabla da las cosechas de 1920-21 y 1919-20 en comparacién: 


n 5 oO 4 ro) — on 
Soa San s Baer! 
Estapos ee ae o = Bio 
SE EEE EB Seca 
= . a+ 3 < 3 Eat 
—1920-21— 
Ohio RR 5 47,562 339,881 42,190 5 30,265 28,450 
Michigan +O .. 17 149,442 1,112,801 148,986 16 134,619 117,034 
Nebraska........... 5 72,296 597,915 79,924 4 59,329 54,349 
Colorado. svcsvseceee 17 .207,778 2933)595 262/97 eae 173,446 
Son. 18 112,080 1,121,472 145,170 18 103,809 90,085 
Idaho. . ARRAS 8 43°335 354,097 50,630 7 24,569 195,286 23,809 
C alifornia. Phew se ssa SORMSIGRT 942,169 149,997 10 100,091 722,353 120,421 
ono 
Joa) (a 
Wisconsin......... 
Minnesota........ 
a eee... - 717 96,806 692,629 89,631 *15 53,118 373,936 45,363 
ANAS eee. oe. 
Wyoming: <..5.55... 
Lh 
Washington....... | 
Total........... 97 842,980 7,094,059 969,419 90 679,822 5,285,180 652,957 


tIncluye 5 fabricas en Wisconsin, 3 en Wyoming, 3 en Iowa y 1 en cada uno de los Estados 
de Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Kansas, Washington y Montana. 

*Incluye 4 fabricas en Wisconsin, 3 en Wyoming, 2 en Washington y 1 en cada uno de 
los Estados de Indiana, Illinois, lowa, Minnesota, Kansas y Montana. 


Segtin nos comunica nuestro corresponsal del Canada, también ha habido algunos aumentos 
en la Tarifa de! Canad4, cuyos detalles damos a continuaci6n: 


SUTEIG ACAI AL VEE II NY TLIO 37 


TARIFA DEL CANADA.—Telegrama especial que hemos recibido de Toronto, Ontario, 
10 de mayo de 1921.—Anoche se rebaj6 el presupuesto y se propusieron nuevos derechos 
en centavos por libra como sigue: 


AzOcAR QUE PASE DEL Preferencial General 
Azicar que pase del Tipo Holandés No. 16 y refinado. 
IB keretaver oi IS? Air WIS! OPW Pho oe ee ledeu ica cose guorer ere. 1.50 2.00 
Rolanzacion O92 vemas altace a se ase eae ae 1.79 2.39 
Azicar que no pase del Tipo Holandés No. 16. 
IPLONS AV eCOay 7? aie anes! OPES Slee en Oa eG.n en Gg cls .70 1.1608 
IROlArIZA COMED Oo tee rack ake Nag orn Cues coe tue ee eee ae 85 1.68712 
RolamMZAacoMyO Oe syarnasrallibays- pe eile een eared eae 8714 1.838144 


A los azticares que pasen del Tipo Holandés No. 16 importados por los refinadores 
se les impuso un derecho mds alto que a los azicares de 96° por bajo del Tipo Holandés 
No. 16, pero bajo el Acuerdo del Comercio de las Antillas los refinadores pueden importar 
azticares blanqueados que pasen del Tipo Holandés No. 16 con los mismos derechos que 
los azticares polarizacién 96°. En otras palabras, no se imponen derechos por los azticares 
blanqueados, y la inica base bajo la cual se impondran derechos sera por la polarizacion. 

En los azticares de 96°, el antiguo Derecho Preferencial era 1.0324c. con el derecho 
no-Preferencial de 1.375c.; mientras que en el azucar refinado el antiguo derecho era 
2.09c. 


Nueva York, May 26 de 1921. 


Emergency Tariff 


The Emergency Tariff Bill became law on May 27th and took effect on May 28th. 
Below is the portion of the law affecting sugar and a table showing the duty to be assessed 
on each degree of polarization: 


“20. Sugars, tank bottoms, sirups of cane juice, melada, concentrated melada, 
concrete and concentrated molasses, testing by the polariscope not above seventy-five 
degrees, one and sixteen one-hundredths of 1 cent per pound, and for every additional 
degree shown by the polariscopic test, four one-hundredths of 1 cent per pound additional, 
and fractions of a degree in proportion; molasses testing not above forty degrees, 24 
per centum ad valorem; testing above forty degrees and not above fifty-six degrees, 
314 cents per gallon; testing above fifty-six degrees, 7 cents per gallon; sugar drainings 
and sugar sweepings shall be subject to duty as molasses or sugar, as the case may be, 
according to polariscopic test.” 


: Differential Duty Differential Duty 
Basis On Full Duty 20% Off on Basis On Full Duty 20% Off on 
Test Cents per Degree Cuban Sugar Test Cents per Degree Cuban Sugar 
Cents per Degree Cents per Degree 
100° 2.16 1.728 87 1.64 lA 
99 2.12 1.696 86 1.60 1.280 
98 2.08 1.664 85 1.56 1.248 
97 2.04 1.632 84 1.52 1.216 
96 (Stan. Basis) 2.00 1.600 83 1.48 1.184 
95 1.96 1.568 82 1.44 1.152 
94 1.92 1.536 81 1.40 1.120 
93 1.88 1.504 80 1.36 1.088 
92 1.84 1.472 79 ley 1.056 
91 1.80 1.440 78 1.28 1.024 
90 1.76 1.408 77 1.24 .992 
89 1.72 1.376 76 1.20 . 960 
88 1.68 1.344 75 1.16 .928 


38 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Cable “Turnure” FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of Collection 
and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public and Industrial 
Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection of Drafts, Coupons, 
etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and Letters of Credit on Havana 
and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo 
Domingo, and Central and South America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 


HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank, Ltd. 

(Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: }Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
iianc Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 
and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size, 2934 x 24. Copyrighted 1918. 
Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


67 Wall Street, New York 


HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


ENGINES, BOILERS AND MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


A. KLING, Prop. 
JAS. S. BOGUE, Supt. MOBILE, ALA. EA SPECIALTY 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks’” New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 
Engineers, Boiler Makers and Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in All Branches. 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
Agents for “Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


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TCE CLUB Ay week aol EW 39 


The Royal Bank» Canada| | = |‘ 


Fundado en 1869 


Capital Pagado - - - $15,000,000 
Fondo de Reserva- - - 15,000,000 
Activo Total - - - - 420,000,000 


QUINENTAS CINCUENTA SUCURSALES 
VEINTE Y OCHO SUCURSALES EN CUBA 
CINCO SUCURSALES EN LA HABANA 


LONDRES: 2 Bank Buildings, Princes Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Cataluna 6 


Corresponsales en todas las Plazas Bancables 
del mundo. Se expiden CARTAS DE CRE- 
DITO para viajeros en DOLLARS, LIBRAS 
ESTERLINAS y PESETAS, valederas sin 
descuento alguno. 

En el DEPARTAMENTO DE AHORROS 
se admiten depdsitos a interés desde CINCO 
PESOS en adelante. 


Sucursal Principal en la Habana: Obrapia 33 
Administradores 
R. De AROzARENA F. W. Barn 


Supervisor de Sucursales 
F. J. Beatty 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 


Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business. 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world. 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


India’s Sugar Cane Crop of 1920-21 


The final general memorandum of the 
Department of Statistics, India, on the 
Sugar cane crop of 1920-21, based upon 
the reports received from provinces con- 
taining about 99% of the area in British 
India under sugar cane, estimated the 
area sown at 2,553,000 acres, a decrease 
of 5% from the estimated acreage of last 
year, and a total yield of raw sugar at 
2,465,000 tons as against the estimate of 


Casa Turull) 


Our established relations with manutac- 
turers and large volume of business 
allow us to quote advantageously on 
all classes of 


RAW MATERIALS 


Chemical Products 
Caustic Soda—Bicarbonate—Soda Ash 
Muriatic Acid—Nitric—Sulphuric Acid 
Cils—Greases—W axes 
Gums—Glues—Dextrines 
Fertilizers 
We also offer a full line of 
Sugar Bleach and Filtering Materials 
Tanners’ Extracts and Oils 
Paints and Preservatives 
Insecticides and Disinfectants 
Essences—Herbs—Condiments 
Drugs and Chemical Specialties 
and all other requirements 


FOR ALL INDUSTRIES 


We feel it will be to your advantage to permit 
us to figure on your requirements when you 
are next in the market. 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 
140 Liberty St., New York 


2 and 4 Muralla, Havana 


Santiago Cienfuegos Camaguey Matanzas 


Porto Rican Representatives: 
UNION COMMERCIAL CORPORATION 
Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P. R. 


3,036,000 tons last year. The estimated 
shrinkage in the yield of 19% is prima- 
rily due to droughts during November 
and December in the United Provinces, 
Punjab, Bahir and Orissa, which include 
practicaliy 90% of the sugar cane area of 
India. 


Imports OF REFINED SUGAR 


India’s imports of refined sugar (16 
Dutch standard and above) for the first 
ten months of the fiscal year, April, 1920, 
to January, 1921, were 203,000 tons 
compared with 332,000 tons for the corre- 
sponding ten months of the preceding 
fiscal year and 408,000 tons for the full 
fiscal year ending March 31, 1920. Java 
furnished 173,000 tons for the first ten 
months of the fiscal year just ended and 
349,000 tons for the total preceding fiscal 
year. 


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LO THE CUS. 


i ae 


Crust Zompany of Cuba 


HAVANA 


$500,000 
$900,000 


CAPITAL - - - - 
SURPLUS =) Tras 


TRANSACTS A 
GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 


RORWalG fk LLOETISDW ate cust estern.s biaviecesye President 
Claudio G. Mendoza............ Vice-President 
James) IM.) HOpgood... .<.s...--=0. Vice-President 
Rogelio Carbajal...............-- Vice-President 
PIDELLOM Marquees cela e cide siccriniciere.s Treasurer 
Silvio Salicrup Assistant Treasurer 
Luis Perez Bravo.........../ Assistant Treasurer 
RUSCH CALDATAl “cies sua cutrdesn cee Cenc os aN ECLELALy 
William M. Whitner......Manager Real Estate 

and Insurance Depts. 


2 “HIPPO” 
WATERPROOF 


GARANTIZAMOS QUE ESTA 
' CORREA ES*PERFECTA 
4 POR SU CALIDAD ¥ 

: PRECIO.—EL QUE PRUEBA 
VUELVE- 


GERENTE P.N. PIEDRA.- oe 
Asoc fy CABLE “PENICOPE” 5 : 
SS ANTS 


zat BACHMANNE C0. 
BELTING MANUFACTURERS. 


16-18 READE ST. — Ss NEW YORK,N.Y. 


REVIEW 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 
constructor de trasbordadores 


superiores 
Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 
bordando y disparando la cana por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘La Victoria.” 


A Weekly Publication of 


International Interest 


It covers every field and phase of the industry 
WRITE FOR SAMPLE COPY 


$3. 00 Per Year 


Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


Subscription - 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL STREET 
Cable Address, ‘‘Tide, New York” 


FOR SALE 


TANK CARS 


4—7,200 Gallon Wooden Underframe 
TANK CARS now located in 
Cardenas, Cuba. Will sell com- 
plete or tanks alone at sacrifice. 


ALLIED COMMERCE CORPORATION 


501 Fifth Avenue - New York, N. Y. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


LEE BOW BTA ORE VEE VY 41 
United Rail f H 
CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 
3 
No. 11} No. 1| No. 7 | No. 5 | No. 3| No. 9 =| HAVANA No. 2 No. 8 | No. 6 |No. 10) No. 4 |No. 12 
PM|PM/]PM/]PM]AM]|]AM]/ 53 AM|AM|]PM/]PM/PM/|AM 
10.31 {10.01 | 4.01 | 1.01 |10.01 | 7.01 .||Lv Central Station Ar|]} 6.50 | 9.40 | 3.31 |» 6.30 | 7.25 | 6.30 
AM 
12.17 | 6.40 | 3.23 |11.54 | 9.25 ie ave o MiyemvAls. 5 Jini) 2hoi05 |) B54 || Wo |) B.60) |) BANG 55 55 3. 
eid aioe AS 05s ons On Noe bOe2nO0) t2e a7 1 109)|Eaeees Cardenasee- 2512205 200) (LOPOON! L200 len one el\aee nee 
PM PM PM/}AM PM 
GOO Vocas'cal) PoP] 4ee7/ Noosa ns TUF AS) | een Sagua NOS AGS A oo.s wee 645ml eee et hase 
P 
aS 9.45 |...... 8.35 230}|..... Calspnn oooccllll 7s Ios ocsllaccoos 8.15 |* 
- AM 
ieee GHOOR Eee 9200 180 Santi Ohm. o>sIN300 loo cosol! W640 loo ncacllovcaviclloace cc 
PM 
TolOl sete aallecaral etcaies UGUON ee sexcs 1195 eee Cieniuezostase.4|||leer-r | eoeseclleren all ee eee 11.15 |10.15 
AM PM AM|PM 
BENE 203 Od Dipl aseerscs| eae be es 241)|...Sancti Spiritus. ..|| 4.45 VERN fant ol eeeareie 
PM 
RRS os USS Iheooo ool| Bens ss ce ce||20Gi| as «Clas Gls Ani be call] Be4) oces on WCCO Wc ooecllecosodlooncac 
PM : AM 
Baal Foes om (510) Wed oaas 340}|..... Camaguey..... ZR UO S| heres EWU aoaece losooee tae 
AM AM PM 
NEN; Sercae 2.10 AU eceooo sco rclilaaoecclloocacclO.4 |lonsccellocacar 
ci Reaea 3.45 6.45 o|il(D2llll co coos SHUNBEIHO) coe boll Nec co coll M200 ElVaresorc| (Gerais 
AM PM AM AM 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
* Via Carreno. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAVANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
Gientuesose se eet eeee Pe ytee ooe 
SHIGGIE bab ots & aM eTE pero ae DOE oe $5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 
Eaibariens cece el ee tee 
Pe gar ee 
LezoOudesAwil ase terme ee taser ts 5.50 4.50 ) rn 
(Camagueyenre een Sore 6.00 5.00 § 15.00 18.00 
Fe eee cee care earner 
Altroi@edrose en eee ee eee 7.00 6.00 = 
San tiar omens ae sei ee 8.00 7.00 ; 20.00 25.00 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
WW, S. (Cr | UnSaCyz 
PATUETL aera sey sey aechce Pee Ie OL ilslevofmRinesns nae eee SL0S00 
Batabano pee eee eee arn rene on o5 Madea eee rr ee ren ere meme) 
DAV aIMORsa 1s. eee eee ee On oe Wiervaiilly sancoconcnancegncanocsn Pate! 
Caiharienteea ee eae ee ane eel Matanzas esos tt Sonne a eee 60 
Gamiasueyster sec eee ee SO Placetas ts Sone tary sein eee aL 
Gardenasser curser niee re et oes or semen 9 O IRGC. acoousescncaccusoddsons IGG) © 
CEE. GO LIMB. scgcacosansnsccauce ils SAGAN ewer se Cer ers Been INOS 
Grentiegoseertmccen cine onal enos SanvAntonios- een sce eee ee 1.80 
Colon Re errr eee an aee ena eiye 8.12 Sancti Spiritus... 15.51 
(CURMATEMIOs.csc00n05scsynencocen Blan) Santa Claraw) eter een eee a OS 
LEI. coccnsoeceadscoreacaccas ABWH Santiacordes Cubase eee ase eS OLOS 
Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 110 pounds 


or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS—First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Colén, Union, fagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


W. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


ARCHIBALD JACK, General Manager 


HAVANA, CUBA 


T. MEDLEY, Commercial Agent 


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12 f La oo BY 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 


PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
“PASSOL” SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD STREET, Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


CUBA 


REVIEW 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 
Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espana. 
INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 


MATANZAS, CUBA 


Established 50 Years Shipping Trade a Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 


Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


{ 8388 


Telephones: Q2RQ [ Bowling Green 
| 8389 J 


Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone 0316 Henry Night Call, 2278 Henry 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 


Contracting Engineers 
STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 


Engravers - - Fine Stationery 
RUIZ BUILDING 


O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P.O. Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Cable Address: Kunomale, New York 
Telephone 3300 South 


Box 186 


Telephone 
Maritime Exchange 


215 Hamilton 


YULE & MUNRO 


SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
BOAT BUILDERS, ETC. 


No. 9 Summit Street 


Near Atlantic Dock, BROOKLYN 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Camper 


MERCADERES No. 5 
HAVANA, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either on a 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


F. W. Hvoslef E.C. Day’ R.M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 


Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers 
18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘Benvosco’”’ 


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IUD TI (CLOTS ALS IR; PAGE TE AL 43 


Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES: 
67 Wall Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 
Keyser Building, BALTIMORE, MD. 708 Common Street, NEW ORLEANS, LA. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 


New York Antilla Antilla New York 
STS VEUINAIUAIR essen ee cei es July 2 July 6 July 9 July 13 
SM Reese corneas, July 16 July 20 July 23 July 27 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular sailings as follows: 
Havana....Every Week| Isabela de Sagua. -Every 3 Weeks Guantanamo. Every 3 Weeks 


Matanzas. Every 2 Weeks | Caibarien......... Antilla..... 
Cardenas.Every 2 Weeks | Nuevitas.......... Gin SS 1 Santiago... Wanita esas 
Miamatitivec:-rrsin74 diet Rah el: Ciremiiiesos iss ans 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


Ope Ve R—— Miontevideo-pietios) Aires ss. 4.mscc. css as oe aa ee aca oe Semi-monthly 
PM SMIBES NUVI srl ZA 1, aeimsens ec eyatalcs cyePanes ik eaveuiatelevsts Seno eine e eae nie mee ee ere ei ore eres Monthly 


NEW YORK—South America Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 
United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 


SS ENA WIS EVDNIGM ONY? (Dy) acs: oa oo aces Son a eens seuss Panel July 2 
S/S Ee ON DESIRE AUN Ls GOING (CC) etereeserciyin <eeaeicce  atan, seeyerelivatvy cueie sca setae meson: July 20 


(b) 1st and 2d class. (c) Ist and 3d class 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


Pe Ro baltimone-blayatlay esc e tuctne cleo gellscie se ao Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER —Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago ...............-. Every Other Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


NEW ORLEANS—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New Orleans for Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


bb THE CUBA REVIEW 


LINK=BELT 


Machinery Handles All Products 


in sugar factories, from dumping the cane to storing the bagged sugar. 
Our leadership as engineers and builders of efficient conveying systems for 
sugar estates and refineries is the result of years of experience. 


Send for our new 136 page catalog No. 355 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 
299 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Direcci6n Telegrafica: 
“CAREX” NEW YORK 165 Broadway, New York, U. S. A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 


Aqui se ve el grabado de uno de nuestros ca ros mds modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
de todos tipos » de varias ce pac dades para uso en Cuba Puerto Rico, Sud América, Améric. Central y 
Méjico. con bastidcres y jaulas de madera o de acero Produccién annual de mds de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA, Representante para Cuba 


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 —————— 


2 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Chuchos o Cambiavias, Ranos o Corazones, 


CRUZAMIENTOS, CABALLETES DE MANIOBRA PARA 
FERROCARRILES, RIELES, &c. 


URANTE mas de 35 afios nuestros Talleres— 

siempre montados a la moderna—se han dedicado 

A la fabricacién de Rieles, Chuchos, Cruzamien- 

tos y otros Accesorios para los Ferrocarriles 
Americanos, y siempre hemos procurado corresponder a 
las necesidades de nuestros clientes suministrandoles 
materiales de primera al precio mas reducido. 

Nuestra Seccion Técnica esta a disposicion de nuestros 
clientes, y para ayudarnos interpretar debidamente sus 
necesidades y evitar demoras inconvenientes, al pedir 
precios 6 remitir encargos, es sumamente importante nos 
den los detalles correspondientes. 


Sirvase dirigir la correspondencia a 


WEIR FROG COMPANY 


43 Cedar St., New York, E.E. U.U. 
JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente (Direccion cablegrafica: JAMOTLEY, NEWYORK) 


43 CEDAR STREET 


JAMES M. MOTLEY NEW YORE 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 


THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 
GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO., LTD. 
THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 
STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan: Locomotoras 


Carros para cana 

Rieles y accesso- 
rios 

Chuchos y ranas 

Aserraderos 
Calderas 

Maquinas, de va- 
por y de gaso- 
lina 

Tanques 

Tornos 

Trapiches y toda 
clase de maqui- 
naria para Inge- 
nios de Azucar 

Calentadores de 
agua de alimen- 


tacion 
Alambiques para 
agua 
Madera, pino ama- 
A solicitud se remiten catalogos y presupuestos. rillo 


Direccioén cablegrafica: JAMOTLEY, New York (Se usan todas las claves). 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


TOE CLO BVA Te Es VoL EW: 3 


HOLBROOK TOWING LINE, Inc. 


W. S. HOLBROOK, Pres. 


Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 
Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Night Phone 


Pages ed 15 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, U.S.A. shh p bey R85. 


WILLETT & GRAY. Brokers and Agents 

FOREIGN AND RAW AND 

DOMESTIC SUGARS REFINED 
82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guanajay from 5 A. M.to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P. M. 
FARE = = $1.00 


Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guines—— from 5.50 A. M. to7.50 P.M. Last train 11.10 P.M. 
FARE): .5 4 mss $1.25 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANA FORTRESS) FROM 
LUZ FERRY, HAVANA, TO 


Neplan Heri heey ve thle cate ee een tues a ane $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway)............. oli 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry)............ 06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A. M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A. M. to 11 P.M. 


The Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co, New York 


Bid Asked 
Republic of Cuba Interior Loan 5% Bonds......................-..0-0-5- 69 6914 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944....................... 79 81 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949....................... 76 79 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 444% Bonds of 1949..................... 68 69% 
navanal iby slcteVionrtgavelGl, bOndses.. 178 ea fo is acre aks ee 85 95 
Havana Ciye2duNlortivage O97) Bondsian aq. aa ooh a ol anc eae ae 85 95 
Cioamvailroddebrelerred* Stock... sacs ganak oe ae ee ee 35 45 
Cuba Railroad 1st Mortgage 59, Bonds ot 1952)... 2.5.2). e tee ae 62 65 
Cuba Company 6% Debenture Bonds.......................2-2-2-2-200: 65 70 
Cuba Company 7% Cumulative Preferred Stock.......................... 70 80 
Havana Electric Ry. Co. Cons. Mortgage 5% Bonds...................-.. 74 75 
iEevanablectric hy Lightids hower Coe bid) Stock...26.-..+...4.45.--- 5. 90 95 
HavanasHlectric Ry. lacht & Power Co. Com. Stock.......2.....:.-...:-. 85 90 
CnjaneAmencan sugar ©ox Preferred stocks... 5.00655. oo eee 72 80 
CubaneAmencannsucam Com@ommon Stocks. e429). ee ee ee 134% 13% 
(Gueimenmnamne Siiesie Co, Su@Oksssacoovosceoncesnouousdonsnoconsesuscoese 734 84 


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24 | 7.55 |$2.65 |: ..Artemisa ..-Ly|81. ; 
9.51 ——e) 519 ..Paso Real. ..Lv 5 
10.05 | 5.62 . Herradura...Ly| 5 
10.56 | 7.30 | 6.71 Pinar del Rio. .Ly 
12.40 |11.45 | 8.83 Guane..... Ly 
PM|PM|PM PM|AM 


from Havana to 


5 cts. Rancho Boyeros 
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THE CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 
An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 67 Wall Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 
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Vol. XIX JULY, 1921 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page — Monument to Francisco Vicente Aguilera, Santiago de Cuba. 
Frontispiece — Building of the Department of State and Justice, Havana. 
Cuban Commercial Matters: 
Exports of Naval Stores from the United States to Cuba 
Foreign Commerce of Cuba during 1919-1920.................29, 30, 31, 32 
Piece Goods Exports from United Kingdom to Cuba 
Cuban Government Matters: 
Customs Duties Collected at Havana....................0........-.. 
Plans for Federal Reserve Bank in Cuba 
Proposed Emergency Legislation 
United States Legation in Cuba 
Havana Correspondence 
Mail Order Shipment of Tobacco Products 
New Cable to Cuba 
Pineapples in Cuba, illustrated, by H. O. Neville. .13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 
21, 22, 28, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 
Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 
Shipment of Vegetables and Grapefruit from Isle of Pines................. 
The Sugar Industry: 
Maple Sugar Production 
Sugar Crop of Hawai 
United States Sugar Trade 
Sugar Review, English 
Sugar Review, Spanish 


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PP 3h - 
CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


Copyright, 1921, by the Munson Steamship Line 


VotumeE XIX 


JULY, 1921 


NuMBER 8 


Cuban Government Matters 


Proposed Emergency Legislation 


President Zayas and members of Con- 
gress agreed at a conference on June 23d to 
sink political differences and rush through 
emergency measures to meet the financial 
crisis. A commission will be named to 
review proposed remedial acts and submit 
recommendations to Congress with assur- 
ances that they will be enacted imme- 
diately. 

Revision of taxes was declared to be 
necessary in view of the Government’s 
financial difficulties. 

Various port duties have been eliminated 
by a decree signed by President Zayas. 
They include, among others, extra charges 
for demurrage and inspection of bills of 
lading, and are revoked as part of the 
administration’s campaign to decrease 
the cost of primary necessities. 

The decree canceling the payment of 
cost of living bonuses to federal, pro- 
vincial and municipal employees was 
returned by the President for revision 
when it was found it did not include the 
national police, soldiers and sailors. Another 
decree is expected to be promulgated 
soon, revoking a ruling of the Menocal 
Administration prohibiting the importa- 
tion of rice. It seems practically certain 
that although the customs revenues have 
been the most fruitful source of income 


The fee for invoices of merchandise ex- 
ported to Cuba will be raised from 10 
cents per $100 to one-half of 1 per cent. of 
the invoiced value of the merchandise. 


Plans for Federal Reserve Bank in Cuba 


According to press reports plans for 
a banking institution similar to the Federal 
Reserve Bank of the United States are 
being prepared by President Zayas, and 
will be submitted soon to the Cuban Con- 
egress. Details of the organization are 
still unsettled, but the proposal is for an 
institution which would be a combination 
of Cuban and American banks, subject 
to governmental intervention and control. 


U. S. Legation in Cuba 


Honorable Boaz W. Long, Minister of 
the United States to Cuba, left Cuba on 
June 11th for a leave of absence. 

Mr. Philander Cable, First Secretary of 
the Legation, it is understood, will become 
Chargé d’Affaires and Mr. Cord Meyer 
will assume Mr. Cable’s duties. Mr. 
Meyer has been acting as Second Secretary. 


Customs Duties Collected at Habana 


In spite of the financial depression of 
the present year and the moratorium, 


<i in Cuba they will be decidedly less during 
5 the year 1921. A bill has already passed 
~— one house of the Congress of Cuba aug- 
-» menting salaries in the diplomatic and 
» consular service, and to cover the greater 
, outlay consular fees will be increased. 


duties amounting to $19,590,000 were 
collected by the Cuban custom-houses 
during the first four months of 1921 against 
$13,300,000 during the corresponding 
period of 1920. 


8 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Havana Correspondence 
June 10, 1921. 


Sucar: The situation in so far as the vast accumulation of sugar at the various 
ports awaiting shipment is concerned, has experienced little if any change during the 
past month. The strike on the Cuba Railroad helped to aggravate an already serious 
situation by keeping the sugar from moving, for lack of transportation, to the outbound 
ports. When the strike was eventually declared at an end, the accumulated sugars 
covering the grinding of several weeks were rushed to the docks, which tended to greatly 
increase the hundreds of thousands of bags of sugar already awaiting removal. The 
grinding season is rapidly coming to a close, some 160 centrals having ceased to grind 
during the past three or four weeks. Many more will close down in the next few weeks, 
which will afford an opportunity to relieve the present congestion at the ports. The 
future outlook is no brighter than it has been for some time, due to the inability 
of the central and colonia owners to secure money for the planting of next season’s crop. 
Many fields are being left uncultivated for this reason as the banks are unable to lend 
money for development purposes and it is impossible to secure funds from other sources. 
This necessarily will result in a largely decreased crop in 1922. 

There seems to be a wide difference of opinion as to the benefits derived from the 
work of the Sugar Finance Commission, and it has been the target for many attacks, 
the most prominent of which being made by the former Secretary of the Interior who 
characterized the Commission as ‘‘A trap set by foreign interests to absorb Cuban prod- 
ucts.” However, the prevailing opinion among those in closest touch with the situation 
and who are in a position to know just what the Commission is accomplishing for the 
sugar industry, is that to abolish it at this time would bring disastrous results. This 
view is shared by former President Menocal, who recently stated that in his opinion the 
abolishment of the Sugar Finance Commission would mean “the economic and financial 
ruin of Cuba.” The question has been discussed by President Zayas and at a recent 
cabinet meeting it was decided to recommend to Congress that the work of the Com- 
mission be continued. 

A bill is now before Congress which, if enacted, will provide for the registration of all 
financial obligations entered into and loans made for the purpose of cultivating or har- 
vesting the sugar crop by the central or colonia owners. This bill is patterned after the 
present law now in effect in Puerto Rico and undoubtedly will be of great benefit to sugar 
interests here if enacted. Under the present system there is nothing to prevent any 
hacienda or colonia owner from contracting as many obligations as he may care to, 
without regard to his financial resources or ability to liquidate same when the time 
arrives. 

A very hopeful sign for the stabilization both in financial circles as well as in the 
Sugar industry was the re-opening on June 16th of the stock exchange, which had been 
closed since the early part of October. The Cuban Sugar Finance and Export Corpora- 
tion, which was created for the sole purpose of lending money to the centrals and growers 
at a reasonable rate of interest until such time as the moneys for the sale of the crop were 
received, is now functioning and has already advanced large sums of money against 
sugar in Cuban warehouses. 

The future immigration of laborers to Cuba from Spain for the purpose of working 
in the cane fields will be largely determined by what means are taken to relieve the present 
unemployment of laborers from this country now in Cuba. At the present time there 
are some fifteen hundred Spanish laborers being taken care of by the Spanish Consulate 
here and the number is increasing rapidly. This may discourage future immigration of 
this type of laborers to Cuba and consequently result in a labor shortage during the coming 
years. 

FINANCIAL Situation: Little surprise was manifested in financial circles when it 
was announced that the Banco Espanol de la Isla de Cuba (Spanish Bank of Cuba) 
had finally been compelled to close its doors. Early in the moratorium period it was 


PIG TG (CAI AL Fe IR VTE IG IU 9 


predicted that this institution would not be able to withstand the strain and, while 
the failure was a large one, involving several million dollars, it had practically no effect 
upon business. The merchants had anticipated for a long while such a happening and 
were prepared for the outcome which they had from the first regarded as inevitable. 
Strenuous efforts, however, have been made for some months to raise funds, both in 
the United States and abroad, but seemingly without results. This institution expanded 
greatly during the war period, its numerous branches throughout the Island being probably 
second to those of the Banco Nacional, which was compelled to close its doors several 
months ago. The Banco Espafiol was reputed to have had the largest amount of savings 
deposits of any bank on the Island and the closing of its doors has been a severe blow to 
those persons least able to bear the losses. We feel, and our view is borne out by those 
best in position to know, that the liquidation of the Spanish Bank will be the “turning 
point” and that this will be the last banking institution forced to liquidate. 

One of the largest contributing factors to the present financial stringency which is 
causing so much suffering throughout the Island has been the unstability of the financial 
institutions, causing many millions of dollars to be withdrawn and hoarded in the homes 
of the former depositors. It is estimated by reliable authorities that approximately 
$100,000,000 has been withdrawn from circulation since the advent of the moratorium 
last fall. While this is a natural result of the weakening of the faith of the people in the 
banking institutions, nevertheless, a strong effort will necessarily have to be made to 
re-establish the faith of the public in the banks so that this money may again get into 
circulation. The matter is recelving thoughtful consideration on the part of financial 
experts and when the problem is solved it will be a great aid in helping to bring the 
country back to normal. 

The new administration is giving thoughtful consideration to the financial problem 
and while no tangible solution has as yet been recommended, it is felt that some measure 
of relief from the chaotic conditions at present prevailing will be drawn up and submitted 
to congress. There has been a strong rumor in circulation of late that a Cuban branch 
of the Federal Reserve Bank will be established in Havana. While no confirmation of 
this report is obtainable at the present writing, the subject is causing favorable comment 
among the banking interests, as it is felt that the establishment of such an institution 
would be of unestimable assistance in stabilizing the money situation. The work of the 
clearing house which was established a short time ago is progressing very nicely, ful- 
filling a long needed requirement for the expeditious handling of commercial paper. 

PouticaL Matters: The new administration with President Alfredo Zayas at 
the helm is making a remarkably fine start and is inspiring the confidence of all who realize 
that many reforms are vitally necessary before the Republic emerges from the depression 
under which it has been laboring for the past several months. Quite a number of 
measures of relief have been advocated by the new administration, chief of which has 
been the cutting down of the annual budget for government operation from approxi- 
mately $130,000,000 to about $60,000,000. It is realized that before Cuba can 
again get back on her feet solidly, she must cut down the tremendous overhead expenses 
which are causing too heavy a burden, in the form of taxation, for the people to bear. 
Another reform advocated by the new President which has received much favorable 
comment, is the abolition of the ‘‘botellas”’ or bogus office holders who are on the govern- 
ment payrolls but who do no work, not even going to the trouble of drawing their pay, 
but in the majority of cases, selling their pay vouchers to outsiders who draw the money 
in their stead. 

Legislation has been introduced in congress, the object of which is to reduce the 
present high living expenses by placing higher duties on such articles as jewelry, liquors 
and luxuries with a corresponding tariff decrease on the necessities. The President has 
sent a special message to congress on this subject and it is believed that this much needed 
legislation will be enacted very soon. 

Another important matter that is receiving attention from the new administration 
is the question of the proposed national highway connecting Havana with Santiago de 
Cuba, as well as the general improvement of highways throughout the Island. It is 


ee 
10 THE CUBA REVIEW 


estimated that these improvements will involve an outlay of some thirty to forty million 
dollars, but as a large portion of this expense will be borne by the various provinces 
affected, it will not be necessary for the Government to float a bond issue to secure funds. 
If this work is undertaken at this time when there are so many thousands of men out of 
employment it will assist materially in reducing the number of unemployed. 

Among the recommendations of the President in his first message to congress was the 
passage of a measure seeking to eliminate the spreading of reports or propaganda tending 
to undermine public confidence in financial or other public institutions. Considering 
the vicious attacks which have been made by certain newspapers of late against even 
such strong institutions as the National City Bank of New York and the Royal Bank of 
Canada, causing slight flurries from time to time and tending to increase the lack of 
confidence which the people as a whole have in banking institutions all over the Island, 
this measure, if passed, will prove of great assistance in restoring confidence. 

DeatH or GeneraL José Micuet Gomez: The entire country was profoundly 
shocked upon receiving the news of the sudden death of former President General José 
Miguel Gomez in New York on Monday, June 13th. The Government immediately 
ordered that all places of public amusement be closed; that all flags be placed at half 
mast, and decreed that the nation be in mourning for ten days as a mark of respect to the 
memory of General Gomez. 

“Joss Miguel,” as he was popularly known to his fellow countrymen, was held in 
deep esteem by the majority of the Cuban people, and lived a life in which reverses were 
mingled with glory. While quite young he enlisted in the cause of Cuban liberty and 
was an outstanding figure in the successful campaign for liberty which Cuba waged against 
the tyranny of Spain, finally rising to the rank of Major General. He was not only 
a skilled politician but a shrewd diplomat as well and during the administration of Goy- 
ernor-General Magoon, whom President Taft appointed to administer the affairs of the 
Island after the second American intervention, the advice and counsel of General Gomez 
was frequently sought by Governor Magoon. At the election in 1908, General Gomez 
was the successful candidate and guided the destinies of the Republic successfully for 
four years. 

In the passing of General Gomez, Cuba loses the services of one of her strongest 
patriots and statesmen, a man who at times may have committed errors, it is true, but 
whose patriotism and zeal and love for his native land has never been questioned even 
by his most bitter enemies. 

The funeral, which was held on Sunday, June 19th, was the largest ever witnessed 
in Cuba, being attended by at least 25,000 persons. The floral display was magnificent, 
hundreds of handsome wreaths being sent by the many friends and admirers of General 
Gomez. [Eighteen hearses were required to convey the flowers and wreaths to Colon 
Cemetery. 

Miuirary Forces Reviewep BY PresipentT: Shortly after taking office the com- 
bined army and naval forces were reviewed by President Zayas. This was one of the 
most notable military pageants ever seen in Havana. In addition to the President and 
his staff in the reviewing stand there were the various foreign diplomatic representatives 
and consuls; the American Minister to Cuba Hon. Boaz W. Long; General Crowder, 
representing the President of the United States, and the commanders of the U. S. 8S. 
“Niagara” and the “Libia,” an Italian battleship which arrived from Italy to participate 
in the inaugural ceremonies. The review furnished considerable favorable comment 
upon the completeness of equipment as well as the excellent training of the men. 

SEVERE StTorM In Eastern Portion or THE Istanp: One of the most severe 
rainstorms ever experienced in the eastern part of the Island occurred on June 2d, causing 
many thousands of dollars of property loss, submerging many miles of railroads and re- 
sulting in the complete cessation of those sugar centrals not already closed down. For- 
tunately, no lives were reported to have been lost. 

Emprre Day OBseRveD By British Resipents: Empire Day was celebrated here 
by the two leading organizations of Great Britain, namely, the British Club and the 


TCE CUB Ae EV TE Ww 11 


Rovers Club. Autographed photographs, which by the way are said to be the only ones 
ever given to any Club outside of the British Isles, were proudly displayed and a banquet 
was held in the evening at which President Zayas was the guest of honor. 

DeratuH oF CoLONEL Dapy: Colonel Michael J. Dady, President of the engineering 
company bearing his name, who died in Brooklyn on June 2d, was one of the pioneers in 
the upbuilding of the Republic of Cuba. He installed the sewerage system of Havana 
and did considerable work in the improvement of Havana harbor. Colonel Dady divided 
his time between Cuba and Brooklyn, where he was for many years one of the most 
influential leaders in Republican politics. 

Havana Evecrric Rainbway Has Prosperous YEAR: A study of the annual report 
of the Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power Company reveals 1920 as having been 
the most prosperous year in the history of the Company. An increase in gross earnings 
of $4,488,337.94 over the year 1917 is shown, while considerable money has been spent 
in improvements, rolling stock, power plant equipment, etc. 

Puan TO OpEN EMERGENCY Stores: At a meeting of a group of leading business 
men in Havana, serious discussion was held as to the feasibility of opening a chain of 
emergency stores for the sale of foodstuffs at slightly above cost. Adopting as their 
slogan “The people must eat,”’ and realizing the pitiable condition in which many thou- 
sands of the poor people find themselves by reason of the depression and lack of employ- 
ment, it is their belief that such a system would be of great benefit. One of the greatest 
questions that the Island has to face at the present time is the means of reducing the cost 
of living which is so high that it is causing much suffering and privation. 

Sotpiers May Work on Farms: In a statement issued by the Agricultural De- 
partment recently, it was recommended that soldiers be permitted to work on farms in 
order to further promote the growing of vegetables, which are largely imported at present. 

Brautirut New Park To BE Laip Our ARounD Maceo Statun: The Secretary 
of Public Works has announced the opening of a contest for plans for the new park which 
is to be constructed around the statue of General Antonio Maceo situated on the Malecon. 
The contest will be closed on July 12th and prizes will be awarded for the best plans sub- 
mitted. The first prize will be $600, the second $300 and the third, $200. The cost of 
the proposed park is not to exceed $60,000. 

Lasor Conpitions: There are reports of complaints from laborers in the cane 
fields because of their inability to collect their pay, ‘“‘vales” or store vouchers being 
given them instead. This custom is said to be prevalent in many parts of the Island 
and is the cause of many hardships. 

STRIKE ON THE CuBa Rar~roap: While the recent protracted strike on the part 
of the employees of the Cuba Railroad Company has been temporarily settled, persistent 
rumors of a fresh outbreak are constantly heard. On June 10th a strike was called but 
no action was taken as the company announced that the old working regulations would 
continue until July Ist, pending a satisfactory adjustment. It is stated that during the 
discussion, the railroad officials pointed out that any further outbreak would cause the 
entire cessation of work on the road, even including the office force, until such time as 
the men were ready to resume work. 

New Cusa-SoutH AMERICAN STEAMSHIP SeRvicE: The Pacific Mail Steamship 
Company has announced the inauguration, effective July Ist, of a service between Central 
and South American ports and Havana, via the Panama Canal. 

U.S. S. “Niagara” Leaves Port: The U.S. 8. “Niagara,” which for a time was 
the official headquarters of General Crowder before he moved his office to the American 
Legation, has left for Key West where it is said a change of personnel will take place. 
General Crowder, however, will remain in Havana indefinitely, continuing to act in an 
advisory capacity to the new administration as he did to the previous one. 

Cost or Livine To BE Repucep: Dr. Espino, Sub-Secretary of the Department 
of Agriculture, in a note to the Mayor of Havana asked that steps be taken at once to 
bring down the prevailing abnormal rents in Havana and vicinity. He also suggested 
that some action be taken to reduce the cost of foodstuffs. It is further recommended 


12 FHE CUBA BLY fey 


that the prices in restaurants catering to the laboring classes be reduced. Good results 
from these recommendations are already discernible in many places and it is hoped that 
the prohibitive prices being charged will assume a downward trend in the immediate 
future. 

GENERAL GorrHALs May Supervise Roap Burtpinc Here: At an honorary 
luncheon tendered Major General Goethals at the Midday Club, he expressed his will- 
ingness to come to Cuba and direct the construction of the proposed national highways 
which the new administration will construct. General Goethals, from his experience in 
road-building in Panama, recommends the use of a concrete roadway as best adapted 
for the Island, considering the nature of the soil and the economy of upkeep of such a 
roadbed. During his stay in Cuba a conference was held with President Zayas, in ad- 
dition to interviews on the subject with many distinguished public citizens and officials, 
but no definite decision has as yet been reached. 

Hore Piaza CHANGES MANAGEMENT: Announcement of a change in management 
of the Hotel Plaza, one of the leading hotels in the city of Havana, has just been made, 
and it is reported that the yearly rental is $120,000. The new managers, F. Mestre 
& Co., are well known to residents and tourists, having managed the Hotel Florida 


restaurant for several years. 


The Plaza has always been a very popular rendezvous for 


Americans and under the new management undoubtedly will continue so. 


Mail Order Shipment of Tobacco 
Products 


A bill to permit Cuba to ship cigars, 
cigarettes and cheroots into the United 
States in quantities of less than 3,000, the 
minimum shipment under existing law, 
has been introduced in Washington by 
Chairman Fordney, of the House, Ways 
and Means Committee. 

The measure was offered at the request 


of the Treasury Department and _ its 
passage would permit development of 


mail order shipments to this country of 
Cuban tobacco products. 


Shipments of Vegetables and Grape- 
fruit from the Isle of Pines 


The season for shipping vegetables 
from the Isle of Pines to the United 
States lasts from about January 1st to 
May 31st. In 1920 early shipments were 
much interfered with by transportation 
difficulties in Havana. These difficulties 
were later removed and the season’ on 
the whole proved successful. 

The outlook for a good season this year 
is highly promising. During the months 
of January and February, 1921, vege- 
tables shipped to the United States 
reached a total of 4,784 crates, valued at 
$6,440. During the corresponding months 
of 1920, vegetable shipments aggregated 
3,732 crates, valued at $4,962. 


The late crop of grapefruit is also being 
shipped to the United States in large 
quantities. The shipping season lasts 
from the middle of January to the end of 
April. In January and February, 1921, 
there were 15,144 crates of grapefruit 
shipped to the United States, with an 
invoice value of $54,286, as compared with 
8,966 crates, valued at $30,725, for the 
corresponding months of 1920.—Consul 
Charles Forman, Nueva Gerona. 


New Cable to Cuba 


Direct cable communication between 
New York and Santiago, Cuba, was in- 
augurated June 13th by All America 
Cables, Inc., with the opening of its ° 
office in the latter city. The company 
reaches Santiago through an extension 
of its existing line to Fisherman’s Point, 
Guantanamo. The new cable puts All 
America Cables system in closer touch 
with the eastern end of Cuba, and also 
with points in Puerto Rico, Jamaica, St. 
Thomas, St. Croix, Guadeloupe and the 
British West Indies. 


Toilet Preparations from United States 


Exports of perfumeries, cosmetics and 
all toilet preparations from the United 
States to Cuba during the year 1920 were 
valued at $975,320. 


TAC CHB UAS IR ARV EE 13 


Pineapples in Cuba 


By H. O. Neville 


Even many years before the War of Independence, the visitor to the country dis- 
tricts immediately surrounding Havana would have found large areas of flat reddish 
colored soil occupied by low thorny plants, the long slender leaves of which, resembling 
those of a cactus, sprang from a central axis or stem attaining a height of from eight to 
eighteen inches, depending on the vigor of growth and variety of plant, topped during 
the months between January and June with a fruit slightly longer than broad, running 
from four to six inches or more in diameter and from four to eight inches in length. If 
unknown to him, upon inquiring he would ascertain that this plant and fruit was the 
pineapple, whose luscious quality has made it a favorite in practically all lands to which 
it has been shipped. Even at that early day, the pineapple industry was a rather im- 
portant one, bringing in considerable profit to the Island, though the results were not as 
favorable as would have been the case had greater care of the fruit been taken and better 
packing and transportation methods prevailed. Since then the importance of the in- 
dustry has increased along with the number of crates produced, until at one time about 
1,250,000 crates were being shipped, this quantity having been lowered during the recent 
period of high prices of sugar until at the present time the area planted would yield ina 
normal agricultural season about 1,000,000 crates, and this year due to the effect of 
drought will probably produce about 800,000 crates. 

An article on the pineapple in Cuba must necessarily treat the three phases of the 
industry relating to production, harvesting and preparation for market, and marketing. 

The pineapple is more or less of an air plant, demanding as it does a free circulation 
of air about its roots. The soils, therefore, upon which pineapples can be favorably 
grown are limited to those whose drainage is good, the lighter class of soil as a general 
tule being given preference. In Cuba excellent results have been obtained in the red 
soils of Havana Province and in the sandy loam district of Pinar del Rio Province and 
of the Isle of Pines, though in these soils the use of large quantities of first-class fertilizer 
is essential. Nearly all the pines grown for export, except those of the Smooth Cayenne 
variety grown on the Isle of Pines, are produced on the light red soils already referred to, 
though a fairly large percentage of Cuba’s total crop is produced on a somewhat heavier 
type of red soil, the plantings being so made as to furnish excellent drainage with the 
consequent easy penetration of air into the soil around the roots of the plants. 

Three varieties of pineapples are grown in Cuba for commercial purposes. These 
are in order of importance: the Red Spanish, the Sugar Loaf, known also as Pifa 
Blanca or Pifia Criolla, and the Smooth Cayenne. The Spanish pineapple is that 
found in at least ninety-nine per cent. of the commercial plantings of this fruit 
throughout the Island, but it is considered a pineapple for export or for local use 
only in making pineapple drinks, ices, etc., although even for this purpose the Sugar 
Loaf is preferred. Its fruit is slightly longer than broad, and when properly ripened is 
of a deep orange red color. For eating purposes as a fruit and also for the making of 
drinks, pineapple ices and other local uses of this character, the Sugar Loaf pineapple 
is the favorite among all Cubans, as its almost fiberless flesh and delicate sweet flavor 
lend themselves admirably to these purposes, presenting a decided contrast to the rather 
tough, coarse flesh and somewhat acid flavor of the Red Spanish. The fruit of this 
variety is slender, averages about four to five inches in diameter, and six to eight inches 
long, its skin is of a light yellow color when ripe, with an almost pure white flesh. It is 
edible when much less mature than any other variety. The Smooth Cayenne pineapple 
was introduced to Cuba by the Americans who settled in the La Gloria District of 
Camagiiey Province and in the Isle of Pines. It is a fruit entirely distinct from either 
of the other two just mentioned, being much larger, averaging under favorable cultural 
conditions from ten to twelve pounds, and being composed of a luscious, tender flesh of a 
deeper yellow color than that of the well-ripened Red Spanish, and of a very agreeable 


W 


’ 
4 
4 


VIt 


’ 
‘ 
4 


I 


CUBA R 


’ 
4 


THE 


14 


Pinar del Rio Province 


View of Pineapple Plantation 


Scene in Pineapple Plantation Showing Laborers with Baskets Used in Harvesting the Fruit 


OEE ma CARB As She VTE: 1 


Or 


Showing Type of Cart Used to Transport Fruit from Field to Packing House 


16 THE CULA REVILW 


“th 


egg £5) Pee, ) ae 
eked 3 f 
=) 7 va tie ne 


ISLE PINES 


K RS o is ¥ 


ISLE OF PINES 


Fruit in Packing House Ready to be Packed 


IVE Id, XC (Oe; A SII IL IO A 17 


flavor, finding favor with many. The mature fruit is much longer than broad, and of a 
deep yellow color when thoroughly ripe. Its large size and the extreme care with which 
this fruit has to be treated in transportation, make it, however, a fruit not for the masses 
but for only select trade, as the price at which it must be sold to give a profit prevents it 
competing with the other varieties mentioned. 

From a commercial standpoint, therefore, the Red Spanish pineapple is pre-eminent. 
In size it is adapted to the use of the individual or small family. It is a tough fruit lending 
itself to much more careless handling and transportation methods than is possible with 
either the Sugar Loaf or Smooth Cayenne varieties. Moreover, when properly matured 
and brought to the right degree of ripeness before removal from the plant, its flavor is 
excellent, its flesh tender and juicy, and its aroma strong and fragrant, excelled by that 
of no other variety. For these reasons its plantings have been extended until today 
they form, as we have said, about ninety-nine per cent. of the commerical plantings of 
the Island. 

Careful preparation of the soil before planting is essential. It should be thoroughly 
plowed, cross-plowed and harrowed, and these preparations repeated a sufficient number 
of times to convert the soil into a finely subdivided mass furnishing a suitable medium 
in which the plants can develop their root systems with rapidity and freedom. The plan 
of planting varies with different individuals. Some plant on the flat, that is, without 
hilling up the soil at all, while others mound the soil up in beds sufficiently wide to contain 
from two to as many as six or eight rows of plants. In Cuba, however, the number of 
rows of plants is almost always confined to two rows at most to each bed. Experience 
indicates, however, that when the best class of soil is selected, planting on the flat is 
best, as it prohibits the too great drying out of the soil in our winter dry season, during 
which the pineapple almost invariably forms its fruit, the conservation of the soil moisture 
being necessary in order that the fruit attain the desired market size. 

Pineapples are not grown from seeds, although the production of new varieties is 
brought about through planting them. Small plants springing from various parts of the 
parent plants are used instead. From the central stem of the pineapple plant there 
spring young plants, some of these coming from buds situated on the stem below the 
ground and others from those found in the axils of the leaves of the parent plant. These 
young plants are known as suckers, and those springing from beneath the ground, unless 
too numerous, are left attached to the parent plant, in order to continue production in 
the fields after the first crop of fruit is taken off. They send out roots of their own and 
each soon becomes an independent plant. Thus the second year the field contains 
double or treble the number of plants as during the first season. The suckers springing 
from the axils of the leaf are removed and used for setting out new fields, they being 
merely set in the soil, soon sending out roots from the portion under the short leaves at 
their base. Another class of plant springs from the stem of the fruit itself Just beneath 
the fruit. The number of these varies from three or four to as many as a dozen. These 
young plants are called slips. They are always smaller than the suckers, and are planted 
in the same way, but they require a longer period in which to produce fruit than do the 
latter. A further means of propagation is furnished by the crown or tuft of leaves found 
upon the top of each pineapple and by still smaller slips which in some varieties and in 
some instances spring from immediately around this crown. These young plants, how- 
ever, are always very small and are used for propagation only in case of extreme necessity 
or when the variety to be propagated is a very valuable one. The crowns, of course, 
can be utilized only when the fruit is used for local consumption, as it is always left at- 
tached to the pineapple when it is sold for export. 

It can be readily realized that the weight of a maturing pineapple at the end of a 
stem from eight to eighteen inches long, increased in weight by rain, and blown by the 
wind, would very soon bend over and even break down the pineapple plants themselves, 
if these were left unaided to sustain the burden of their fruit. It is for this reason that the 
method of planting prevalent has been adopted, in which the plants are set at distances 
varying from twelve to twenty-four inches apart in the rows, and at slightly greater 


TS 
18 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Carts at Packing House Ready to be Unloaded 


SLICE COB AS te VE, 19 


distance between rows when these are planted in beds. If the fruit falls over so as to 
expose a side to the direct effect of the sun, burning or scalding results, thus destroying 
the symmetry and beauty of the fruit, injuring greatly its market value, and this furnishes 
a further reason why the plants should be so set as to mutually support themselves in 
the field. In the case of the very heavy varieties such as the Smooth Cayenne pineapples 
this is doubly essential, but in these cases the very heavy and vigorous plants, if planted 
at the distance just mentioned, will form a network of leaves so dense that it is almost 
impossible for the plants to escape from a practically perpendicular position. 

When, therefore, the soil is well prepared and ready to receive the young plants, 
these are brought to the field and delivered along the beds or rows. If the surface soil 
is such as tends to dry out quickly, it is best to remove from an inch or more of the base 
of the young plants the small short leaves under which are found the eyes from which 
the young roots spring, but if the soil is retentive, these young leaves soon decay, permit- 
ting the roots to have direct access to the earth. They soon establish themselves. In 
very light soils, inclined to blow, the hearts of the young plants should be filled with some 
such material as cotton seed meal or dried blood, preventing them from being filled and 
caused to decay by sand or earth that otherwise would blow into them. These sub- 
stances also act as a fertilizer, the rains carrying down to the young roots the plant food 
contained in them. 

Thorough cultivation of the fields is essential, in order that the soil may not become 
too compact and to keep down the weeds and grass that otherwise would smother the 
young plants. This cultivation is done largely by means of manual labor, although in 
many of our plantations a sufficient width between beds is left for the passage of a mule 
and cultivator. It is not very long, however, until the spread of the leaves of the plants 
is so great as to prevent such operations and to require further work to be done by hand. 
As we have already indicated, the greatest care is necessary to prevent water from stand- 
ing in the fields, and in reality drainage should be provided of such a character as to 
prevent the surface twelve inches of soil from becoming waterlogged at any time during 
the life of the crop. This cultivation must be continued until shortly before the blooming 
period of the plant commences, this being from eight to twelve months after planting, 
depending upon the class of plants used, whether suckers or slips, upon the climatic con- 
ditions, and upon the care, cultivation and fertilization that has been given the field. 

Here, fertilization of the pineapple fields is not the rule, Cuba suffering in this respect 
a great contrast to Porto Rico, where a pineapple industry of considerable importance 
also exists. Tests with fertilizers have been made in Cuba on the soils best adapted to 
the growth of pineapples, and they have invariably shown favorable results, increasing 
not only the size of the fruit, but also the number of pineapples obtained from the fields 
and the quality and resistance to shipping of the fruit. Those familiar with the market 
conditions governing the sale of Porto Rican pines have beyond doubt noticed the higher 
prices that are invariably obtained for them during the period of heavy shipments of 
fruit from Cuba, and the writer understands that this difference is largely due to the 
superior quality of the Porto Rican fruit, the result of its being picked when in a riper 
condition than is possible with the Cuban fruit, this being possible on account of its 
better carrying qualities. Anyone who has had opportunity of comparing the luscious, 
aromatic flesh of 4 pineapple which has reached almost complete ripeness upon the plant, 
with the hard, tough, fibrous, almost tasteless and aromaless flesh of the average Cuban 
pineapple as sold in the North, can realize the tremendous importance that attaches to 
the harvesting of this fruit at the latest possible moment that will allow it to reach the 
market and be sold while still in good condition. The care, cultivation and heavy ferti- 
lization with proper fertilizers given the Porto Rican pineapple has enabled the growers 
there to leave their fruit upon the plant until it has those qualities which make this fruit 
the really luscious edible that it is. Our chemists have shown that the pineapple is one 
of the very few fruits whose sugar content is not increased through the coloring or “‘Tipen- ~ 
ing” process after the fruit is once detached from the plant, the sugar in the fruit coming 
only from the stem and leaves of the plant itself. This explains why the gathering of 


20 THE CUBA RELI LEY 


A Basket of ‘‘Pines’’ Ready for 
Wrapping 


Special Pack 
for Large, 
Smooth Cay- 
enne Pine- 
apples 


Special Pack Used for Large, 
Smooth Cayenne Pineapples 
from Isle of Pines 


DE. CU BA EV LEW 21 


A Packing House Crew 


IVIEW 


RE 


BA 


CU 


THE 


| 


M 


Interior of Packing House, Showing Method of Unloading Fruit in Baskets 


Packed Pineapples, Ready for Shipment 


ITE “CUBA “hE V TEW 23 


the pineapple before it is thoroughly ripe detracts from its good qualities. It is the 
writer’s belief that the thorough fertilization of the Cuban pine would place it upon an 
equality with that of Porto Rico, in size, depth of color, and luscious flavor and aroma. 
Some of our growers seem to be awakening to the possibilities along this line, and are 
seeking information and making trials to a greater extent each year. 


As we have already indicated, some of the suckers springing from the parent plants 
at the time these bear fruit, come from the stem of the plant below the soil. These, of 
course, are in position to put out new and independent roots of their own, and, therefore, 
they are left in the field. to continue it for a further year’s production. Two or three 
suckers are usually left to each plant. These are cultivated and cared for as was the 
original field, and under favorable circumstances each of these suckers bears a fruit, 
though this fruit almost always averages smaller in size than the fruit from the original 
plant. This process of suckering continues, under extremely favorable conditions, .for 
as many as five or six years, though we believe the average to be three or four. The 
original strength of the soil and the care and intelligence with which cultivation has been 
practiced, influence the number of years that the field can be continued in profitable 
bearing, and we have no doubt that this period can be increased by the proper use of 
fertilizers. 

The heavy period of fruiting of the pineapple in Cuba begins with December and 
January of each year, at which time deep down in the heart of the plant the small young 
leaves turn a somewhat lighter color, followed by the appearance of a button-like bud 
surrounded by leaves tinged with the brightest crimson, which upon developing becomes 
a mass of small somewhat purplish blossoms surrounding the top of a heavy sturdy stem. 
As growth progresses, the fruit takes on its true form, the color changing gradually from 
a rather light green to a deep dark green, the “eyes” from which the small blossoms had 
protruded gradually become large and more open, and finally the deep green color begins 
to change near the junction of the fruit with the stem to alight yellow, which, as ripeness 
becomes more complete, changes to a deep orange yellow, gradually covering the fruit 
from its base to the crown. For home consumption the fruit is always allowed to become 
at least one-half colored before it is cut from the plant. But in this condition it is quite 
delicate and must be handled with extreme care, and because complete ripeness is reached 
very promptly thereafter, and allowance must be made for the time required for picking, 
packing, shipping and distribution to the consumer in good condition, harvesting for 
export begins before any change of color is noticeable upon the majority of the fruits 
themselves. This operation is performed by men of experience who can judge at a 
glance when the fruit has reached the stage of maturity desired, and who, armed with a 
long knife and accompanied by laborers carrying large flat baskets on their heads, go 
up and down the rows of pineapples severing the stems of those fruits which are in proper 
condition to be taken, leaving only a very short portion of the stem attached to the fruits. 
These are then placed in the baskets, which, when filled, are taken to the carts that 
await them in the roads bordering the field or left at certain intervals throughout the 
plantation, in which, piled carefully in regular rows, as can be seen in one of the illus- 
trations, they are carried to the packing houses. Here they are received and placed 
in large bins or piles, fiom which they are removed and classified by eye by skilled workers 
into the different sizes required to fill the crates. In the packing houses of the most 
progressive growers and packers, it is customary also to classify the fruits according to 
their condition of ripeness, thus securing uniformity in the fruit occupying each crate. 
The various sizes of fruit packed in Cuba are such that twelve, eighteen, twenty-four, 
thirty, thirty-six, forty-two and forty-eight fruits will fill the standard crate. The 
sizes most in demand in the market are, we are told, twenty-four’s, thirty’s and thirty- 
Six’s, sizes larger than these being demanded only by the fancy trade, while sizes smaller 
than thirty-six’s should in reality be utilized for canning and preserving. After sizing - 
and classification according to ripeness, each pineapple is then wrapped in a sheet of 
paper or else placed in a paper bag. They are then placed in the crates in regular order, 
the crowns of the fruit toward the top and bottom of the crates, leaving the fruits them- 


es 
24 THE CUES BEY LLI 


Trucks Delivering Pineapples to Steamer, Havana 


Shipping Crated Pineapples from Packing House to Havana, There to be Loaded on Steamer 
for the North 


DOES CUBA eds Vil EW: 25 


selves protected in the interior. The crates are then marked with the brand of the 
packer, the number of fruit contained therein, the degree of ripeness of the fruit, and the 
name and address of consignee in the North, and in this condition they are ready for 
shipment. 

The above refers to the Red Spanish pineapple. In the case of the larger varieties 
such as the Smooth Cayenne, special methods have been adopted for securing their 
arrival at market in first class condition. Because this pineapple is a fancy fruit and 
commands a fancy price, the greater expense involved can be taken. We thus find that 
in the Isle of Pines special cardboard cartons have been utilized, in each of which, 
wrapped in excelsior, a Smooth Cayenne pineapple is placed, and two or four of these 
cartons are placed in a special crate, shipment being effected in this manner. Of course, 
many of the smaller sizes are merely wrapped in paper and shipped as are the Red 
Spanish pineapples, but this fruit is so heavy, so luscious and full of juice, that arrival at 
market in good condition, if picked at a stage of maturity that will bring out its best 
qualities, is frequently doubtful. For this reason the cultivation of this variety of 
pineapple, we believe, can never become general, and its success must depend upon the 
creation and continuation of a special market for them. 


The transportation of our pineapple crop from the packing house to the consumer was 
formerly effected exclusively by freight train in Cuba and by steamer from Cuba to the 
North. It was thus not an unusual sight during April, May and early June to find train 
loads of crated pineapples on the docks in Havana and Hacendados, being unloaded by 
means of gang planks from the cars to lighters, and in them transported to the steamers 
waiting in the open harbor, in which they were stowed. That part of the crop going to 
New York and other eastern markets is still handled in this manner. At times these 
steamers carry as many as 15,000 to 25,000 crates in one voyage. A great number of 
handlings was thus required in order that a crate of pineapples arrive at its destination, 
and surprise will not be caused when the reader learns that the loss from decay and from 
broken packages due to this method of shipment and to the lack of care shown by all 
connected therewith was very heavy, small mountains of fruit being found on the decks 
of the steamers and on the docks after unloading each cargo. In the early days of the 
industry barrels were utilized as containers in which to ship pineapples, the first crates 
not having appeared in Cuba until utilized by Col. 8. S. Harvey, whose experience in 
Florida had taught him the advisability of their use. Now the shipment of pineapples 
in barrels is never practiced, except occasionally by direct steamer to Tampa or Key 
West for local use there. The advent of the car ferries between Key West and Havana 
gave our pineapple growers another outlet, which has been received with favor and has 
resulted in profit to this industry. Previous to the coming of the car ferries, almost all 
the pineapples shipped had gone to New York and eastern markets, resulting in their 
prompt glutting each season, and the consequent lowering of prices and loss to our growers. 
Shipments, however, had begun to be diverted by steamer to New Orleans, thence by 
rail to Chicago. But with the coming of the car ferry all this has been changed. The 
ventilated cars used are run alongside the packing houses, filled with their cargoes, and 
these go north via Key West without change or movement, their routing and final desti- 
nation being determined by the distributor in the North, the fruit thus arriving in sound 
condition in undamaged and sightly packages, attractive to the consumer. It has been 
proved that the fruit can be picked when more mature for shipment in this way, this 
being a further and great advantage of this route. Direct shipments all rail to Chicago 
have become greater and greater in volume, until now a very large percentage of the 
crop is marketed from that point as a distributing center. Those in position to know 
state that the western markets are much more favorable than are those of the east, and 
are capable of taking a very much larger volume of fruit without the lowering of price 
that formed such a serious drawback to the industry during the days of marketing almost 
exclusively through New York. 

The methods employed by those connected with the pineapple industry in Cuba in 
regard to the production, packing and sale of the crop differ widely. We have, for in- 


26 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Steamer Waiting to Receive Pineapples, Havana 


THE CUBA REV ie W 27 


Sample Cases of Pineapples, Ready for Market 


28 THE CUBA REVIEW 


stance, important growers who own their own lands and through hired labor plant, 
cultivate and harvest the fruit, packing it in their own packing houses and selling it 
through either their own or selected agencies. In other instances, by far in the majority, 
the growing is done by parties whose connection with their product ceases after its sale 
to the owners and delivery at the packing houses. In many cases of this character, 
the packers advance to these growers funds with which to carry on their agricultural 
operations, these funds being repaid at the time of the pineapple harvest. The fruit 
when bought in the field is paid for at so much per dozen, the price varying according 
to the average size and quality of the fruit, as also with the conditions prevailing in the 
principal markets to which the fruit must be shipped. At different periods prices for 
pineapples delivered at the packing houses have varied from twenty-four cents to as 
high as fifty-five cents per dozen, the latter price, however, being for the very best grade 
of fruit at a period of high market prices in the North. Our packers here market through 
agencies established in the North or through the commission houses situated in the points 
to which the pines are shipped. 

During the early days of the pineapple industry, the names of Milidn Alonso & 
Company, Berragorri & Prieto, Moreno Lépez and A. Califat were those of firms of 
importance, while at the present time among Cuban factors and arranged somewhat 
in order of importance are the Godinez Brothers, the Pine Box & Lumber Company, 
José Peréz, Dardet & Company, A. Califat, Modesto Ledon, Bartolo Ruiz, Lépez Pereira, 
and one or two others. All of these carry on the business as we have already indicated, 
the majority of them packing the product purchased from the actual growers. Sales of 
the products thus packed are effected through the northern firms the West Indies Fruit 
Importing Company, Saitta & Jones, McCormack, Hubbs & Company, Mills Brothers, 
Manniello Brothers and Mayson, and others, the West Indies Fruit Importing Company 
controlling by far the largest output from the Island. During the early days of the 
industry before the production had passed 700,000 to 800,000 crates per year, the busi- 
ness was quite profitable. Low prices for sugar, however, and the profits derived from 
pineapples, caused an increase in plantings, until the total crop reached about 1,250,000 
crates. The short marketing period, covering only two to three months, caused this 
quantity to prove greater than could be profitably accepted by our northern markets, 
with the result that prices fell off and profits practically disappeared. With the increased 
prices of sugar, however, brought about by the recent war, many of our unprofitable 
pineapple fields were plowed up and planted to cane, resulting in a smaller total pro- 
duction, this for the past three or four seasons having run between 800,000 and 1,000,000 
crates. An improvement in price has been the result, so that the selling prices during 
these recent years have varied from $3.50 to $7.00 per crate, as compared with an average 
expense seldom greater than about $2.00 per crate, leaving a handsome margin of profit. 
Judging, therefore, from the experience of these past few years, it would seem that the 
industry can look forward with promise to the future, provided that plantings are not 
increased to yield a total crop of more than about 1,000,000 crates. 

The home consumption of pineapples in Cuba is relatively small. Canning is carried 
on to only a very limited extent, and the extraction of the juice for use in the making of 
soft drinks is very limited. A factory at Bainoa and two or three factories of less im- 
portance in and near Havana compose the consuming field in this line. For home con- 
sumption a limited quantity of fruit is obtainable the year round, as out of season fruits 
ripen practically throughout the year, but for commercial work of any character the 
season is limited to that between about April 15th to July Ist. It is quite possible that 
the discovery of some method by which the fresh juice of the ripe pineapple in its original 
flavor could be preserved indefinitely would result in a further local demand for this 
fruit, that would enable the area in which it is planted to be largely increased with profit 
to the growers. 


TOE CHUB AY wi VTE Vs 29 


Foreign Commerce of Cuba During 1919-20 


Consul General Carlton Bailey Hurst, Habana 


The total foreign commerce of Cuba during the fiscal year 1919-20 exceeded 
$1,290,000,000, which, compared with 1918-19, shows an increase of $504,000,000, or 
64 per cent. The unusual growth is largely owing to Cuban exports, which surpassed 
those of the preceding year by $385,000,000, while the value of the imports was only 
$119,000,000 more than the year before. 


The increase of $119,000,000 in importations is noted chiefly in the following items: 


Per Cent Per Cent 
Increase of Increase of 
Increase Increase 
Alimentary products........ $49,800,000 41.0 Animals and animal products | $3,900,000 2.6 
PSK GI CS oie ct esos bo hte 25,800,000 21.6 Chemical products and per- 
Mivchimenyect eo). oe eee 18,740,000 157 AINE TV one 2,300,000 1.8 
Stones, earths and ceramic 
OROGUCHS Hs Make os mcrae 5,100,000 4.3 


This marked advance in the value of Cuban imports is accounted for in large measure 
by the phenomenal rise in prices of merchandise in the markets of origin. The increase 
in Cuban importations from the United States and Porto Rico amounted to $88,800,000, 
or 37%, the natural resuit of the intimate commercial relations existing between the two 
countries. Spain’s shipments to Cuba increased by $6,500,000; those from France by 
$4,800,000; and from the United Kingdom by $4,800,000. Commerce with European 
nations that was quiescent during the war is beginning to assume its normal activity 
in this market. France was able to send to Cuba during 1919--20, $13,024,000 worth 
of merchandise, and England $13,607,000 worth; while German imports amounted 
during the fiscal year under consideration to $942,000 in value. 


The following table shows the approximate value of imports into Cuba during the 
fiscal year 1919-20 by classes of commodities, from the chief countries of origin: 


United Ger- United All Other 
Commodities States many Spain France Kingdom | Countries Total 
Stones, earths and ceramic : 
products: 
Stones and earths...| $2,588,733 $678 $19,605 $14,236] $14,228 $256,868) $2,894,348 
Mineral oils, bitu- 
mG, EUs coooo ee (SON LOANS Ie rae neccie'l HSconekteclet curiae | eoeSeceene eeorais 5,294 1,091,998 9,110,094 
Glass and crystal ware 4,704,816 22,150 386,744 135,218 79,533 270,506 5,598,967 
- Earthenware and por- 
Celainiese ia pas... 1,164,507 29,138 213,691 69,042 628,015 191,067 2,295,460 
Metals and their manu- 
factures: 
Gold, silver and plati- 
TOUU OG oro Grats Sea ere 661,738] 133,686 114,538 50,998 35,963 90,449 1,087,372 
Tron and steel...... 20,431,658 75,726 35,514 82,335 646,549 86,976} 21,358,758 
Copper and alloys. . 1,978,287 3,823 74,450 26,421 97,643 11,296 2,191,920 
All other metals.... 693,789 1,921 21,300 27,359 49,443 8,179 801,991 
Substances employed in 
pharmacy, chemical in- 
dustry and perfumery: 
Primary products... 1,222,904 4,741 339,112 3,722 14,614 165,304 1,750,397 
Paints, etc., var- 
nishes and inks.. . 2,290,746 3,518 8,240 9,133 202,272 18,270 2,532,179 
Chemical products. . 9,206,127 72,186 323,559| 1,852,562 254,422 325,062} 12,033,918 
Oils, soap, ete...... 6,013,718 7,870 383,953| 1,081,278 180,429 88,767 7,756,015 
Textiles and their manu- 
factures: 
Cottonsemere ees 34,445,741 35,043| 2,500,216) 1,015,654] 6,002,279) 1,937,979} 45,936,912 
Other vegetable fi- 
[OLSINS eee Ned oe eee 4,123,885 2,426 443,101 46,341] 1,525,496! 8,624,746) 14,765,995 
Wool, hair, etc..... 3,636,330 2,469 202,446 72,965 920,780 88,744 4,923,734 
Silke ere 1,088,828 4,911 74,826 83,364 46,949 434,493 WA 7/33337/11 


a 


30 THE CUBA REVIEW 


United Ger- United | All Other 
Commodities States many Spain France Kingdom | Countries Total 
Paper and cardboard: 3 : 
Paper and cardboard 5,667,439 13,534 360,794 30,114 11,275, 48,918 6,132,074 
Books and prints... 501,306 1,935 171,157 36,208 5,013, 26,323 741,942 
Wood and other vegetable 
aupeeaa nee ; : 
Wood and manufac- | 
factures of....... 6,378,207 5,158 315,161 73,747 52,985 117,019 6,942,277 
All other GS odin a 719,952 765 140,873 15,763 338,074 119,187 1,334,614 
Animals and animal prod- | 
ucts: | 
PARITIOIE. ccs ek wee BOGUS ODI ss way wr NACA ined iorsie acess! s 542) 2,118,348 4,181,699 
Hides and skins..... OOS DDG. ate wake <s 25,324 5,854 11,344 9,541 3,145,621 
Manufactures of | 
Jeathiensci4 acess | 11,165,816 142 776,756 15,253 28,308, 61,967| 12,048,242 
Instruments, machinery} | 
and apparatus: 
Musicalinstruments, 
watches,andclocks 694,204 4,629 25,963 38,000 1,495 18,400 782,691 
Machinery......... 36,742,847 42,059 50,453 113,287 522,174 269,145] 37,739,965 
Apparatus.....:... 19,823,023) 326,058 1,940 79,472 30,746 85,771] 20,347,010 
Alimentary products: 
NVORTSS chudelcetes cde ZONT OS, GAs ie idly 309,222 18,804 8,590! 8,429,536) 38,529,494 
BR Ths err ee vieet 5 oreo OBO SOT lars <4 rahe 766,755 16,551 48,605) 2,763,302 6,525,110 
Breadstuffs......... SS808) S18 |. = ss nen 749,295 2,542 330,540! 21,223,780} 61,114,375 
Unt hae Hoshi ae PAE Cy Ort] 3) oe ie 778,593 1,627 23) ~ 58,394 3,405,938 
Vegetables......:.. TRAN OCD eas oe 2,304,432 16,536 131,712) 5,436,571] 20,299,626 
Beverages and oils. . 2,509,570 21,043 6,269,083) 1,076,379 738,296 344,055} 10,958,426 
Dairy products..... S073:087 |. «0 4..5. 278,887 2,364 9,121) 1,123,050 9,486,509 
Asother.:. usa lie SPY Fair pS GS a es 2 470,421 20,084 26,159) 8,080,679} 15,354,788 
Miscellaneous.......... 7,289,799| 126,102 534,649| 6,781,745 286,871 840,064! 15,859,230 
Articles free of duty: 
Money....... et: P0595 O97... cesses are Gueravee til ae het nae eel on roe: aaa 10,000 1,069,097 
mirother.....:.2cee 20,348,027 666 350,985 109,889 321,506) 1,356,500) 22,487,573 
Total..............]$321,627,449| $942,377|$19,824,512/$13,024,847|$13,607,288)$66,231,2541$435,257,727 


Exportation of Cuban Products 


Exports of Cuban products during 1919-20 were valued at $855,138,341 against 
$470,259,162 in 1918-19, an increase of 82 per cent. The price of Cuban sugar was 
the chief cause of this gain, this article having been marketed at an average of $0.08 
per pound, the maximum cost during the year being $0.235 and the minimum $0.035, 
but the proportion of the sugar crop sold at the highest price was relatively small. 

The increase of 82 per cent in the exports represents $376,000,000 worth of sugar 
and honey, $13,500,000 worth of tobacco, and the remainder in lesser proportions dis- 
tributed over other exports of enhanced value, with the exception of mineral products, 
which diminished by $3,600,000. 

The balance of trade during the fiscal year was in Cuba’s favor, the exports having 
been greater in value than the imports by $419,000,000, or 321% per cent of the total 
foreign commerce. 

The following table shows the total exports from Cuba and the exports to the 


United States and the United Kingdom by classes of commodities for 1918-19 and 
1919-20: 


l 
United States | United Kingdom All other countries Total 


Commodities | 
1918-19 1919-20 1918-19 1919-20 1918-19 | 1919-20 | 1918-19 1919-20 


Animals and an- | 
ima! products: 


Animals....... $2,886 $25566).. 202-0. Pasereace $600, $1,250 &3,486 £3,816 
Hides and skins OMAN OLS 1G Tas... sto cles we oes | 418,627) 47.571 3,323,032) 2,095,738 
| 


Other animal 
products..... 62,152 GSOns te cc eee AE See 324) 285 62,476 69,199 


i 


i Hen CUBA wh Vln VW 31 
ee 
United States United Kingdom All other countries Total 
Commodities | 
1918-19 1919-20 1918-19 1919-20 1918-19 | 1919-20 1918-19 | 1919-20 
Sugar and prod- 
ucts: 
Sugar.. .|298,494,743|593,487,801|89, 114,463|117,447,067|14,654,415|68, 115,085|402,263,621/779,049,953 
Honey.. 2 5,255,702) 4,511,454 184,957 279,062 21,119 6,181} 5,462,778) 4,796,697 
Confectionery. . 100,208 117,045 242 1,537 44,040 86,573 144,490 205,155 
Fruits and grains: 
IDPUIISsooooosos 75 GsSilal) WO4G 4432 ee aa alee oe 426 446| 1,757,243) 1,946,889 
Grains and 
vegetables... . 283,709 16} I532)5) ye eee olewacal kate ener atctalsed 108,993 18,835 392,702 380,430 
Marine products: 
Tortoise shell... KVP «oo onedo00 29,384 47,350 5,100 48,201 60,719 95,551 
(ONS YATP STAG FS is | Te seer Bae RR ee ele, ae oeel ean gram roost ite oe tecce nee (een tasogen mall Siertolosetora: oval |S Bo aorta 10 
Sponges.. 152,779 266,730 2,571 7,644 48,164 58,081 203,514 332,455 
Mineral products: 
Asphalt........ 11,795 TMSIUCGXS) 30 eat Bal te hare ears ee ee 25 11,795 1,194 
Iron, copper and 
onisanese 
sonal UOKBIOM NG) F/O SSG os Sooe te oclladce co coutllaccacu5 oc 50} 10,619,505} 7,001,896 
Old. Pastas: Paneer NHC aoeovacnoaloubod cma clooo seo gi ollodoas5.0 20a oc ou.olb aro 1529.9 0 eee 
Forest products: 
Vegetable fibers 212,895 220 2A reece 38 74,634 100,732 287,529 321,044 
Woods.. 259,800 312,007 29,350 173,051 171,199 501,413 460,349 986,471 
Dyes and tan- 
MN? , -cganesiooeddoevalechooovoddobcsabocloosocmaSbulooocsdoec|ppoccuocssonoo coo colo n¢oocad.o 
Tobacco 
Unmanufactured| 18,732,745] 24,422,349) 162,184 216,310) 7,575,843] 7,735,307) 26,470,772) 32,373,966 
Manufactured... 3,459,465| 6,359,574| 6,122,834] 7,874,272) 4,783,760] 7,718,337] 14,366,059) 21,952,183 
Miscellaneous: 
Bee products.... 768,607 759,930) 600,631 59,100) 733,642) 391,834) 2,102,880) 1,210,864 
Distilled prod- 
UGESE a crse eos 254,554 114,165 567,040 345,327 936,311] 1,465,371) 1,757,905) 1,924,863 
Other 317,066 146,005 300 753] 174,951) 243,219 492,317 389,977 
| 
MRotalleereee e 343,693,058/642,148,034/96,813,956/126,451,511 29,752, 148|86,538,796/470, 259, 162/855, 138,341 


Imports and Exports by Countries 


The Cuban imports and exports by countries of origin and destination for the fiscal 
years 1918-19 and 1919-20 are shown in the following table: 


Imports Exports 
Countries 
1918-19 1919-20 1918-19 1919-20 
Withee Ga tess cera. tees Sac suerte cused eunlte nay emgne ene sea $235,727,045| $321,627,449| $343,693,058) $642,148,034 
tireme@ln Ammiles yas aig Sean ne ool oni tence roto ee ose ee [laceie eee iaroral laeento aidlo.ced trom ,180 1,050 
nbehmAntilesi ne cer japetrcci sg oe o chs evsucls carne iene evap eseue 49,066 49,952 47,631 $3,625 
Sic shweAm Giese ayaa ents, & setae oe eral ero aecnaueis 187,283 177,676 282,735 1,590,722 
ANTHEGINTTING) 055 6 ae hore coe CNE RED cool clea ea OI 1,073,811 1,938,985 4,236,007 2,852,336 
TESTA 6 cine Bh. dee be eg OCR Pa ee ree 82,154 808,390 36,657) 79,768 
TBYOIINTIB be & alia, & ios hee NOLS ane SRS Un ee ets: Pes acetou Ri cited llanaconeanrcticn ian = ll le ela enemies ache 51,805 42,013 
CENTAGE is o16 SE Ge BO CEE nee ee ICC o ce eee 6,755,335 6,107,509 2,431,980 15,296,890 
(COlOM Ae a eek ee A Seni ES aA) acest Salat es gestae 144,242 703,211 185,826 957,657 
(Coriay JGR ies Ses peice GiGi ereee ena meee Coenen eee AUaeees 71,032 272,556 21,463 12,185 
CHONG... 555 eos Sak oh me Re RN OE SER ee ieee eran 1,879,609 265,146 540,702 1,021,109 
CUA CLOT duets el anaes hbo a eV eR etic arse 283,169 255,034 1,621 13,460 
Sri ao) ofa BUS ae aR a ora SMT Eee ooh sate 16,331 24,988 
SEL G1 NESE ee ete iw es ee tas cation esaiernra eae ce?eeraltee dma hitb olcamre 201,740 1,117,866 4,859 9,792 
Honduras 15 ib. S BUaeceh ohemara OPE TELE Glo tonbic iGiitio taro onecicereere ce encay lenalernucvel a bmeacoed 116,992 18,990 76,691 
Mexico ERR EE eR eS ET eRe esta res Be ayes ae satel selusate ,245,233 5,555,769 243,828 406,500 
INO TEAGATIE 52a ig Stes ey COR eth BEE PISA re erie athe Ricco ape icine etka ein are eon ote oes Ceo oceans 416 2,833 
IPE METAS, Gand FS Maer ROBT ee URE oer Ito az eer a ce neers 15,878 13,795 83,658 91,526 
TPGIRGL 6 iS ais a Ree a nape eg ean cre ge eee Ieee eter 4,387 6,123 28,205 158,384 
OTEUOMEGIC Oia eine asia sscin ce neceawen chap aeag ener elas cata e 3,211,232 6,109,763 85,181 117,566 
Sain Saikjacloreea sn crane ie pon ncn cit orard cence eons 15,053 5,251 300 1 Be 
Spinto JDroncuiioysaoe tee cuisine aie Oeil aici a gee euaceer nare 177,194 88,619 116,840 242,745 
TU ITPTUVERHIE IN tert a ge eeepc Ok Bac colon ues CA te a tea ere er era 3,968,298 7,811,545 793,276 734,439 
ZEIT E ZT SL ape sree Yo cet eee me acy Metis cart aut heey She rangy eats 128,152 1,329,342 10,697 9,977 
el oar retin We ess caer ete ow eure cot ae \sarmiasosde cere cee tens 2,034 159,054 669,099 6,787,920 
NB) STV ere Kae eae eee ey setae aegis Moe TEA cei egos eae 67,962 125,511) 104,235 


603,005) 


ee 


32 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Oo 


ee 


Imports Exports 
Countries 
1918-19 1919-20 1918-19 1919-20 

2 ee EEE 
RRR eines owing. 2 sina was ahe.s $a asin mine RT EUE WN lee 13,331,728 19,824,512 5,784,449 10,860,776 
OS SES Re ae oe oP es Seer aed 8,264,853 13,024,847 11,322,652, 26,584,432 
Can PL rr 1 Ria alu drersieine Mipieeies seo |e .a8 8 MRD Ee 1D ture erento eaters 19,023 156,652 
am alo IAD BOs ER GE he ORs la liaqehonin dane Peer eniere 23,099 27,550 
CR oe A Shan RT 99,842) 1,128,991 68,120 5,941,771 
US, ya SA er ae boc: ae en onto 563,891 704,495 11,720 ,669 
Pee MEL TROUGHS Sdectn a ance ae vie Wx's © wie wiv s erates 10,285,183 15,060,680 96,813,956) 127,020,261 
BORE ts BE a RRC Nast 3 <8 ¥ sae Sinister ere 213,094 827,331 258,797 73,774 
MR os SS Ee Pe Ora er 7,230 13,357 325,289) 323,402 
NETTIE ae nA eis ore ok dainle ae eie.s.5 =< a.s ada] at em alee Ae Geen Gooner: 1,127,342 
Ry = he ee ss cca sie Gncieinlb as Cates e tetas 25,678 214,281 804,746 2,930,638 
RSUUTEMAT TRING Ae Steck cc Sie OS ena siaie fee era bie bret 175,929 284,243 40,885 72,307 
COLT) Page er a AS i ar ep ear Eas 2,632,675 5,592,597 9,636 16,625 
OTT eid beta tt ee ee et ei on ere ieee oe 12,150,658 11,321,064 23,216 20,247 
Bras Re cette itt as wa Gs sw pice ae ia. 8/2 cht 8,804,526 9,991,291 6,010 52,956 
separa is Ie GPA PETC ose ie So Pale es sie oe cle Paces eas eral ee ima AaB ie Wi S Givi vials Te ime imas ihn ates 7,030 47,529 
STA ae to ieee Ue a Ain Orin ie ae One Gre reartce (ia WEI (leo k eye ark 92,778 731,221 
ye io ae SS EE ene, (Aaa Onin Pe eicieGeOd oy Uesree ies Sie 286,554 63,375 
eriiRirer TERI ATTN teen Bie Ge fic. Gs, evel sais tenes 6" 530%) 212,420 320,651 416,997 709,836 
SO SRE i a Ps Mi sel nes eee Deir Pp NS Soa pee na 10,252 1,728,555 
Meera yee eee ae: ie eee a ean onc eas APAGAIS Ah rece 203,959 2,771,917 
SECU eee a tte stats oi WS: wwlerete Sera sno /ae = ay 94,700 D:697\k cs ani. ee | 902,047 
BE SeeNTI RCT EREe cee te Ne, er A ce ew aac Sia eva lataeacs olf onal Gana Bare a ogc aeeenl bebe a ale pete 2,138 7,065 
Rs eara aT TAs ae ins cig ey rer Sarna wha Spur se stan Wise ls 942377 av aco Cee 19,700 
ETL vay acta, eRe eect RGD vb? oe rnee tan Son are AE ee OPES | RIE el RO yen rc 2,620 
aareae MT ce ae le ee el aie ©. Si crerece aco vis orale te veitotte ral alto atatrere de emte Rie at Meta ek tll eRe iene 231 
BR ppINes. «2b 2.c% Soe kas whe hind Saisie a tys Serine Ses |laeia sw aladlm sro aifnfaleralialndel= flail amore, eR 4,200 
SERTIATIIAS. . .< . oe Sok Oe cla eee a Soi iets ahd nd ae le Nhe 1c ore oterean Gre ift> Phe ener to Gee | Seen cee 2,600 
“Le. 2 ee ee tee Se ras eis acl mre tna aa L368. facto 376 
eeeh China. ...-2.... eee eee er ee eee 68,035 48,698)... ... 5. 5 02. chs] can nee 
0.7 pene ie SSS as Bee 429,434) 731,813)\- ..= < n:c-<. «01000 oe 
ON ns 8 a ee 536 Fy. | (Pa (re 
| 5 are ec SoS bone ote Se 608) ).,. 5 <0. Cave a eee 

otal. ...... 5 oc 5s 2 2 teen nen ae | $315, 685,867 $435,257,727| $470,259,162| $855,138,341 


{Nore.—Figures for Unite -»d Kingdom do not agree in every case in this report, but they are copied 2 as 


given in the original Cuban statistics.] 


Exports of Naval Stores from United States to Cuba 


The following table shows the exports of rosin and spirits of turpentine from the 


United States to Cuba last year: 


Rosin 
Barrels Value 
25,105 $445,884 


Spirits of Turpentine 
Gallons Value 


67,259 $86,555 


Piece-Goods Exports from United Kingdom 


Like details for the January-March exports from the United Kingdom to Cuba 
of cotton piece goods of all kinds are given below: 


Quantity 


Jan.—Mar., 1913 Jan.—Mar., 1921 


Jan.—Mar., 1920 | 


Value 


| Jan.—Mar., 1913 | Jan.—Mar., 1920 | Jan—Mar., 1921 


| 
Yards ae Square Yards Square Yards 
15,489,900 6,814,700 3,542,500 £174,409 


£370,689 £322,682 


EHE CUBA “REV LEW 33 


The Sugar Industry 


U. S. Sugar Trade 

Slight increases in both imports of 
sugar into the United States and exports 
of refined sugar from the country were 
recorded in April, as compared with 
March, according to the figures of the 
Customs division of the Treasury. 

Imports for the month totalled 420,- 
584 ordinary tons, against 418,981 tons 
in March, while refined exports totalled 
14,585 tons, against 12,799 tons the 
month previous. Imports thus main- 
tained the larger volume which charac- 
terized the March movement, as com- 
pared with that of the several months 
preceding, and exports showed a partial 
recovery from the low March level. 

The slight increase in import figures 
for the month was due entirely to heavier 
arrivals of full duty sugars, particularly 
Santo Domingos, as imports of Cuban and 
Philippine sugars fell off as compared 
with the preceding month. Cubas de- 
creased from 383,981 tons in March to 
374,540 tons, while there were no arrivals 
from the Philippines in April, against 
8,029 tons in March. Full duty arrivals, 
on the other hand, increased from 26,971 
tons in March, to 46,044 tons in April, 
Santo Domingo sugars contributing 9,403 
tons of the increase and other full duty 
sugars 9,670 tons. 

With the April returns, import figures 
are available for the first four months 
of 1921. They show receipts from all 
foreign sources of 1,264,624 ordinary 
tons, which is approximately comparable 
to the imports during the corresponding 
period of 1919, but is less by some 238,000 
tons than imports in the first four months 
of last year. Imports of Cuban sugars 
for the first third of the present year, 
1,136,894 tons, are a little smaller than in 
1919 and about 213,000 tons less than in 
1920. Full duty imports this year are a 
somewhat larger proportion of total im- 
ports than in either 1919 or 1920, for the 
same period. 

The following table gives the import 
totals for April and for the first four 
months of 1921 and previous years, in 
tons of 2,000 pounds: 


Year April Four months 
TO 2D Ss Be so oes oh, BAO OE 1,264,624 
NOON aah ee ee OO EE DS 1,502,633 
1QUQRE: Jota he COTS 1,246,489 
LOTS Ree eee OMS5 1,018,673 
LON ern eee: 4. fem OOD 1,148,616 
LAG eee eee | OS S00 1,159,662 


The respective quantities of Cuban 
full duty and duty free sugars imported 
in the first four months of this and the 
two previous years are as follows, in 
tons of 2,000 pounds: 


1921 1920 1919 
Cuban..... 1,136,844 1,349,972 1,154,136 
Full duty... 118,085 146,905 63,246 
Duty free. . 9,695 5,756 29,107 
Total.... 1,264,624 1,502,633 1,246,489 


The 18,504 tons of full duty sugars 
imported in April from other countries 
than San Domingo came in small quan- 
tities from Central and South America 
for the most part, with Peru supplying 
the largest amount. Imports from Java 
reached the negligible total of nineteen 
tons. 

The following are the figures of full 
duty imports by countries in greater de- 
tail, for April and for the first four months 
of the year, in tons of 2,000 pounds: 


From April Four months 
San Domingo........ 27,540 59,151 
EVAR ee rth ace ee 1,777 3,307 
IMGxT COR eerie toe 1,780 8,953 
Central America... .. 6,235 9,718 
RET Siena 3,674 8,399 
Other South America. 2,125 4,700 
British West Indies.. 1,028 1,058 
Dutch West Indies... 1,601 3,083 
Dutch East Indies... 19 17,027 
iFongkon gee 30 460 
anada. 235 301 
Ofhercountriessy gee re 
Motale alate ca SAG OAL 118,085 


The distribution of the 1921 imports 
by customs district of receipt has been 
in ordinary tons: 


Recewed at April Four months 
INeweYorkast- apse 161,014 559,192 
Philadelphia... ..--.. 119,365 306,499 
BOstOn pen cni. see see ain 35,683 105,485 
Savannaheeees ese land O 30,571 
New Orleans. .-..... 61,426 187,257 


a 


34 


THE 


CUBA 


REVIEW 


——————————————————————— 


Received at April Four months 
Galveston........... 16,643 42,759 
San Francisco...... 3,831 12,681 
Other continental. . . 8,884 20,139 
(GO et 5 38 
Porto Rico.......... 3 3 
Total............. 420,584 1,264,624 


April exports of refined sugar, amount- 


ing to 29,169,455 pounds, or 14,585 ordi- 
nary tons, bring the total for the first 
four months of 1921 up to 75,640 tons, 
which is roundly 29,000 tons more than 
the exports during the last four months 
of 1920, but is more than 200,000 tons 
under the export business of the first 
four months of last year, and the smallest 
April total recorded since 1915, with the 
one exception of April, 1918. 


April Four months 
To lbs. lbs. 

Central America... . 2,451 212,665 
ROTH: ote.d tue oe eae 242,428 3,538,262 
Santo Domingo..... 68,379 1,292,450 
Haiti... : 72,011 631,118 
British West Indies... 106,322 799,064 
Mirsinisin accion ot 158,579 553,684 
Other West Indies.. . 27,912 165,664 
Argentina). 0.5 «< 1,460,000 5,162,435 
UU PUR Ya aera 520,000 9,943,485 
Sinilenes. cha en eee 55,000 86.562 
Other So. America... 10,998 635,377 
Turkey in Asia...... 184,800 1,075,196 
Philippe Ist. \tac1 sappree 1,206,500 
Ocner ASIA te-7 -e 109,856 287,687 
French Oceania... . . 2,681 3,811 
Morocco: 2.42245 122,120 122,120 
British West Africa... 23,933 305,415 
Egypt. sees 100 224,100 
Other Niricas sce 654 87,691 
TROtal. ee ache 29,169,455 151,281,348 


The figures for April and for the first 
four months of this and preceding years 


are as follows, 


in tons of 


2,000 pounds: 


Year April Four months 
Mee. ..-.... 14,585 75,640 
1920. . 102,257 277,701 
1919..... 87,815 199.596 
BOIS... .. 3,837 14,142 
eS Nr 46,142 147,843 
Bs cs eee 64,534 261,083 


As compared with March, 


exports show 
but they are 
any of the 
Great Britain, 


three 
Greece, 


Italy, 


the April 


an increase of 1,786 tons, 
smaller than the totals for 
preceding 
Mexico, Ar- 


months. 


gentina and Germany were the countries 


figuring as principal buyers of American 
refined during the month, all of these 
except Italy taking larger quantities than 
in March. Europe in general was a larger 


purchaser in April. 


The following are the figures of exports 


by countries of 
detail: 


destination 


in greater 


{ pril Four months 
To lbs. lbs. 

Great Britain... 10,554,500 22,768,372 
RRPECCE 2 cis sis eins - 5,979,520 32,920,020 
Italy. 3,808,157 12,996,108 
Germa ny . Spey ey i ess 1,811,022 
Turkey in E urope i $16,800 3,862,364 
Malta. 574,000 641,201 
France. .. 222,339 453,329 
Spain & Can: iry ‘Is... 182,429 33,662,034 
1 DET E ie ae 2,241,321 
Other Europe.. 8,378 1,493,648 
Mexico. : 1,640,053 7,102,784 
Newfoundland. . 437,500 2,547,808 
BET a ince 262,568 1,019,750 
Panga ak oe 96,248 $43,614 
Bermuds........55.: .107,514 582,377 


The export totals include exports of 
refined sugar from Porto Rico of 75 tons 
in April and 189 tons during the four 
months’ period. Exports from the con- 
tinental United States were thus 14,510 
tons in April and 75,451 tons during the 
four months. 


Maple Sugar Production 1921 


Weather conditions during the past 
winter and spring were unfavorable to 
the making of maple sugar and maple 
syrup throughout the producing regions 
of the United States, reports the Bureau 
of Crop Estimate. There was very little 
of the alternate thawing by day and 
freezing by night which is necessary for 
the best flow of sap. There were fewer 
trees tapped this season than usual, and 
the average yield per tree was generally 
lower than in 1920. 

The thirteen States which furnish 
most of the maple sugar produced in 
the United States made 5,093,100 pounds 
compared to 7,555,040 pounds last year 
and 13,270,865 pounds in the record year 
of 1918. The syrup produced amounted to 
2,583,500 gallons against 3,657,255 gallons 
and the total production in terms of sugar 
was 25,761,100 pounds against 36,813,080 
pounds. Vermont led the States in the 
amount of its production with more 
than 2,800,000 pounds of sugar. New 
York was second with 1,124,000 pounds. 
The average yield per tree was 1.58 
pounds of total sugar against 1.94 pounds 
last year. 


TEE He COUR BA alien. TEV 35 


Sugar Review 
Specially written for THE CUBA REVIEW by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


The upward trend of the raw sugar market which was mentioned in our last review 
was not maintained, and a number of declines have since been registered until the 
quotation is now on the basis of 4c. duty paid at New York, which figures nominally 
2.40c. c. & f. for Cubas and 2c. ¢.if. for full duty sugars. The quotation for Cubas is 
entirely nominal as no sales have been reported for a long period, these holders being 
absolutely withdrawn from the market. The principal sales during the period under 
review have consisted of Porto Ricos, Philippines, and various full duty sugars. In 
view of the fair demand being experienced for export refined sugar, the full duty raws 
have also sold at a premium over the nominal parity, as is shown by sales reported 
this week at 2c. ¢.if., equal to 4.50c. duty paid, same being a premium of 50c. over 
the parity of Porto Rico sugars. 

As mentioned above, there has been a good demand for refined sugars for export, 
but the demand for local consumption has continued only moderate although with the 
sudden spell of hot weather now upon us, this demand is slowly increasing to more 
normal proportions. The refined market has continued unsettled following the course 
of raws and prices are on the basis of 5.40c. f.o.b. refinery. With, however, a better 
demand for refined and a firmer tone now obtaining in the raw market, it would seem 
to us that prices are very close to the bottom. If the demand for refined continues to 
increase and sugars uncontrolled are rapidly absorbed, it will become necessary for the 
refiners to again enter the Cuban market, and as the ideas of Cuban holders are much 
above the present parity, a recovery may be looked for in the near future. 

Conditions in Cuba remain about the same having shown practically no improve- 
ment. The 172 Centrals on which we have the final outturn figures have produced 
3,273,690 tons of sugar against 3,110,794 tons in 1919-20. The number grinding has 
now been reduced to 19. 

Since our last review, the President has signed the Emergency Tariff Bill, and same 
has now become a law. Under this new bill the schedule of tests is as follows: 


Differential Duty. Differential Duty. 
20% off on 20% off on 
Basis On Full Duty Cuban Sugar Basis On Full Duty Cuban Sugar 
Test Cents per Degree Cents per Degree Test Cents per Degree Cents per Degree 
100° 2.16 1.728 87 1.64 1.312 
99 2.12 1.696 86 1.60 1.280 
98 2.08 1.664 85 1.56 1.248 _ 
97 2.04 1.632 84 1.52 1.216 
*96 2.00 1.600 83 1.48 1.184 
95 1.96 1.568 82 1.44 12152 
94 1.92 1.536 81 1.40 1.120 
93 1:88 1.504 80 1.36 1.088 
92 1.84 1.472 79 1.32 1.056 
91 1.80 1.440 78 1.28 1.024 
90 1.76 1.408 77 1.24 .992 
89 2, 1.376 76 1.20 .960 
88 1.68 1.344 75 1.16 .928 


*Standard Basis. 


Little of interest is reported from abroad, the markets, in the United Kingdom 
particularly, appearing to be as much depressed as our own market. Raw sugars are 
quoted at 15s 934d, and English granulated at 57s 6d. The Java market is again lower, 
sales of 20,000 tons Java white sugars being reported at 12 florins, equal to about 3c., 
f.o.b. Java. Mr. Licht has issued an estimate of European beet sowings for 1921-22 
which shows an increase of about 130 hectares for 1920-21 sowings, totals being as under. 


36 THE CUBA REVIEW 


European Breer Sowincs—F. O. Licur gives the following: 


1921-22 1920-21 

Hectares Hectares 

Ske isin god pS Mates Peta Ohana ee ay ap aA 335,394 278,652 
RR TIEN Shc Se cec dhs Says a SRI ens Pad WC eR 205,000 196,000 
EELS Ts ae AIA AREA Py I oe ee aE 91,000 $1,840 
PSE 5 Sars nice gk clue tts Xcess obo 9 ee ON es GAS 69,000 63,468 
RRR Seer iS ha eee APs eM es, «dw a Saat a. A ae 58,500 53,052 
SERRE Ree eh RE MEe S =. aS oes a Peek We ereh cess x otted 47,600 45,387 
SRTEIAT NE oy Sateen ry RT tn ss ase en an ec ate HO ME ee ee 34,000 38,600 
PAE YS Nee See eee. Sak Sin ah eee wire .G Used y ae ole 34,500 22,523 
EEE RE se CO 5 MORO CO eine <r a eR een ies Pere te 70,000 46,000 
CUTTER oe SBR es Seek eee te aemeeiy epraneey a het 6,800 4,796 
Giner countries excludinp IUUGSIS. o.oo me sae ob en an 179,000 167,014 
SRA nererarett heer ornteteT cete a ee ae oe ere ee 1,130,794 997,332 


New York, N. Y. 
June 24, 1921. 


Revista Azucarera 
Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York 


La tendencia a la alza del mercado de azticar crudo mencionada en nuestra ultima 
revista no se sostuvo, y desde entonces han tenido lugar varias bajas, hasta que ahora 
la cotizacién es bajo la base de 4c. derechos pagados en Nueva York, que equivale 
nominalmente a 2.40c. costo y flete por azticares de Cuba y 2c. costo, seguro y flete por 
azicares con todos los derechos. La cotizacién por los azticares de Cuba es enteramente 
nominal, pues no se ha tenido noticia de ventas por mucho tiempo, estos tenedores 
habiéndose retirado absolutamente del mercado. Las ventas principales durante el 
periodo bajo resefia han consistido de azticares de Puerto Rico, de las Filipinas y de 
varios azticares con todos los derechos. En vista de la buena demanda que esté teniendo 
lugar por el azticar refinado para la exportacién, los azicares crudos con todos los derechos 
se han vendido también con premio sobre la paridad nominal, como se muestra por las 
ventas efectuadas esta semana a 214c. costo, seguro y flete, equivalente a 4.50c. derechos 
pagados, siendo esto un premio de .50c. sobre la paridad de los azticares de Puerto Rico. 

Como ya hemos mencionado anteriormente, ha habido una buena demanda por 
azucares refinados para la exportacién, pero la demanda para el consumo local ha con- 
tinuado solamente moderada, aunque con el tiempo tan caluroso que hay ahora esta 
demanda est’ aumentando poco a poco a proporciones mds normales. El] mercado de 
azicar refinado ha continuado inseguro siguiendo el curso de los aztcares crudos, 
y los precios son bajo la base de 5.40c. libre a bordo la refinerfa. Lo cual, sin 
embargo, con mejor demanda por el azticar refinado y un tono mas firme que esté 
teniendo lugar ahora en el mercado del azicar crudo, somos de parecer que los precios 
han llegado muy cerca del limite. Sila demanda por el azticar refinado continia aumen- 
tando y los aztcares libres se consumen r4pidamente, serd necesario que los refinadores 
vuelvan a entrar al mercado de azticares de Cuba, y como las ideas de los tenedores 
cubanos son muy por encima de la actual paridad, es de esperarse una reaccién en el 
cercano futuro. 

El] estado del azticar en Cuba contintia lo mismo, sin que haya mostrado mejoria 
practicamente. Los 172 Centrales de los cuales hemos conseguido las cifras finales han 
producido 3,273,690 toneladas de aziicar contra 3,110,794 toneladas en 1919-20. Los 
Centrales ocupados ahora en la molienda se han reducido a 19. 

Desde nuestra tiltima revista el Presidente ha firmado la Tarifa de Emergencia, la 
cual es ahora una ley. Bajo esta nueva ley la tarifa de polarizacién es la siguiente: 


EEE GUBAORE Vl EW 37 


Derecho Diferencial 
20% de rebaja 


Derecho Diferencial 


Con todos los 20% de rebaja Con todos los 


Base de_ derechos Centavos en azticar de Cuba Base de_ derechos Centavos en azticar de Cuba 
Polarizacién por Grado Centavos por Grado Polarizacién por Grado Centavos por Grado 
100° 2.16 1.728 87 1.64 1.312 

99 Py, 72 1.696 86 1.60 1.280 

98 2.08 1.664 85 1.56 1.248 

97 2.04 1.632 84 1.52 1.216 
#96 2.00 1.600 83 1.48 1.184 

95 1.96 1.568 82 1.44 1.152 

94 1.92 1.536 81 1.40 1.120 

93 1.88 1,504 80 1.36 1.088 

92 1.84 1.472 79 ie, 1.056 

91 1.80 1.440 78 1.28 1.024 

90 1.76 1.408 77 1.24 .992 

89 1.72 1.376 76 1.20 .960 

88 1.68 1.344 75 1.16 .928 


*Base Hstablecida. 


Del extranjero poco hay que comunicar, y al parecer esos mercados estén en tan 
mal estado como nuestro mercado, particularmente el de la Gran Bretafia. Los azticares 
crudos se cotizan a 15s 934d, y el azucar granulado de Inglaterra a 57s 6d. El mercado 
de Java estdé otra vez mds bajo, habiéndose efectuado ventas de 20,000 toneladas de 
azucares blanqueados a 12 florines, equivalente a unos 3c. libre a bordo Java. El 
estadistico Mr. Licht ha expedido un calculo de las siembras de remolacha en Europa 
para 1921-22, que muestra un aumento de unas 130 hectdreas para las siembras de 
1920-21, cuyos totales damos a continuacién. 


SIEMBRAS DE REMOLACHA EN Evropa.—F. O. Licht da lo siguiente: 


1921-22 1920-21 

; Hectares Hectares 

ANIGTDETUB Ig 6. 5:4 4 cio He SRE CIEE MERE SIS otis ny ok a ee cae ee 335,394 278,652 
CHG nO-SIO WANES 6 89. Hie ker rate Saou ey cea ee Airy le citi au tena OBL 205,000 196,000 
PPBEDO Bre 0 5.9.0.0 :e ae ANE TORE eae aaa uh te eee 91,000 81,840 
TBIOIS IG Wha occ 5 45 neu ate eet Mee nets oe tn pope gg eed Re 69,000 63,468 
Eres atc eer ee At oe Ree. Mis fee Marte Oe Leen eal 58,500 53,052 
SLE 2 a6 cy ac be Be ea a ees ore RN nt Oe eee 47,600 45,387 
TD NVDVENIOVAVEXOE so a. be LTE eape tm es OTe EN ee eae arg 34,000 38,600 
TST CURYERETIE 5 6: onc: a G Sea Re RTO Ee RSae ac te oO Wes Aa ea era ae gee 34,500 22,523 
ise PMI TEE ER od So Sieghy Gatcine eu Roce oe it ate Lee wb eae Ruere BE 70,000 46,000 
ASpStreig, QUST Se Re ate eee areal eae een ee pes acer a eee ae Peas 6,800 4,796 
icsmoaisesexcluyendoO: RUSIa. sii. 6 2 ce. eke beg eed. cues 179,000 167,014 
EG NGM ttt sc oe ser ale oleh eee hes Ene env eine aS 1,130,794 997,332 


Nueva York, 
Junio 24, 1921, 


Sugar Crop of Hawaii 
Hawaii’s sugar crop for the year end- 


yield of cane per acre. These decreases 
are attributed to the fact that conditions 


ing September 30, 1920, was the smallest 
in five years, according to the revised 
figures issued by the Bureau of Crop 
Estimates of the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. The production for 
the year is reported as 555,727 ordinary 
tons of sugar, which is 8% below the 
average of the preceding four years. 
There was a decrease of 5% in the har- 
vested cane area and one of 5% in the 


during the year were less favorable for 
cane production than the average. An- 
other factor was that grinding of the 
1919-20 crop was later than usual, so that 
all of the mills had not finished at the 
end of September. 

In one respect, however, the crop made 
a better showing than in preceding sea- 
sons, the yield of sugar per ton of cane 
being two pounds above the average. 


38 THE CUSA REVIEW 


Cable “Turnure” FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of Collection 
and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public and Industrial 
Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection of Drafts, Coupons, 
etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and Letters of Credit on Havana 
and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo 
Domingo, and Central and South America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 


HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank, Ltd. 

(Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: ;Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
(Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 
and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size, 2934 x 24. Copyrighted 1918. 


Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


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HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


ENGINES, BOILERS AND MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


A. KLING, Prop. STEAMSHIP WORK 
JAS. S. BOGUE, Supt. MOBILE, ALA. A SPECIALTY 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks’’? New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 


Engineers, Boiler Makers and Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in All Branches. 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
Agents for “Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


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TGHCE, CUB Ake EV 1 W 39 


The Royal Bank Canada 


Fundado en 1869 
Capital Pagado - - - $20,350,000.00 
Fondo de Reserva - - 20,240,000.00 
Activo Total - - - - 530,000,000.00 


SETECIENTAS TREINTA SUCURSALES 
CINCUENTA Y TRES EN CUBA 
OFICINA PRINCIPAL: MONTREAL 


LONDRES: 2 Bank Building, Princes Street 

NEW YORK: 68 William Street 

BARCELONA: Plaza de Cataluiia 6 

THE ROYAL BANK OF CANADA, (France) 

PARIS: 28 Rue du Quatre Septembre 

Corresponsales en todas las plazas bancables 
del Mundo. 


Se expiden CARTAS DE CREDITO para 
viajeros en DOLLARS, LIBRAS ESTERLINAS 
Y PESETAS, valederas sin descuento alguno. 


En el DEPARTAMENTO DE AHORROS se 
admiten depésitos 4 interés desde UN PESO en 
adelante. 


SUCURSAL PRINCIPAL EN LA HABANA 


Aguiar 75 esquina 4 Obrapia 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 
Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business. 


Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world. 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


United States Production in 1920 


Final figures of the 1920 sugar pro- 
duction in the United States, issued by the 
Crop Estimates Bureau, and covering both 
cane and beet sugar production, con- 
firmed previous indications of a record 
crop, exceeding the best previous crop 
in 1916 by 12%. 

The total was placed at 1,266,148 tons, 
86% of it being beet sugar. About 28% 
of the cane acreage was in seed cane. 


Our established relations with manufac- 
turers and large volume of business 
allow us to quote advantageously on 
all classes of 


RAW MATERIALS 


Chemical Products 
Caustic Soda—Bicarbonate—Soda Ash 
Muriatic Acid—Nitric—Sulphuric Acid 
Oils—Greases—Waxes 
Gums—Glues—Dextrines 
Fertilizers 
We aiso offer a full line of 
Sugar Bleach and Filtering Materials 
Tanners’ Extracts and Oils 
Paints and Preservatives 
Insecticides and Disinfectants 
Essences—Herbs—Condiments 
Drugs and Chemical Specialties 
and all other requirements 


FOR ALL INDUSTRIES 


We feel it will be to your advantage to permit 
us to figure on your requirements when you 
are next in the market. 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 
140 Liberty St., New York 


2 and 4 Muralla, Havana 


Santiago Cienfu€gos Camaguey Matanzas 


Porto Rican Representatives: 
UNION COMMERCIAL CORPORATION 
Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P. R. 


Sugar Beet Seed 


Imports of sugar beet seed into the 
United States in the nine months’ period 
from June 30, 1920, to March 31, 1921, 
amounted to 18,007,087 pounds, valued 
at $3,728,378, according to reports of the 


Department of Commerce. This is an 
increase of 3,000,000 pounds over imports 
during the corresponding period of 1919- 
20, which amounted to 15,067,078 pounds, 
valued at $3,389,877. For the nine months 
ending March 31, 1919, seed imports 
were only 724,206 pounds, valued at 
$147,355 


American Soap Exported to Cuba 


The amount of American soap exported 
to Cuba during 1920 was as follows: 


Toilet and All other 
fancy Pounds Value 
value 

$624,635 11,254,493 $1,251,469 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


LO THE 


CUBA 


REVIEW 


Jus @ > 


Crust Company of Cuba 


HAVANA 


$500,000 
$900,000 


CAPITAL <= - - = 
SURPLUS - - “ 


TRANSACTS A 


GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 


Oswald A. Hornsby President 
Claudio G. Mendoza............ Vice-President 
James M. Hopgood Vice-President 
Rogelio: ‘Carbajaliccocs. -seceesn Vice-President 
Alberto Marquez Treasurer 
Silvio Salicrup............../ Assistant Treasurer 
muis Perez Braves incre cee Assistant Treasurer 
Oscar Carbajaloccnseseeseceemouiecte ssa DERLeLALy, 
William M. Whitner...... Manager Real Estate 

and Insurance Depts. 


“HIPPO” 


ee 


GARANTIZAMOS QUE ESTA 
“CORREA ES PERFECTA ¢ 

POR. SU CALIDAD Y¥ fe 
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16-18 READE ST. ~ NEW YORK,N.Y. 


Pe BACHMANNE CO. — 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 
constructor de trasbordadores 
superiores 

Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 


bordando y disp urando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘La Victoria.” 


| A Weekly Publication of 
| International Interest 


It covers every field and phase of the industry 
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Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL STREET 
“Tide, New York” 


Cable Address, 


1920-21 Season in France 


A recent report from the office of the 
commercial attaché at Paris states that 
the total quantity of sugar delivered by 
the 72 factories in France from September 
1, 1920, to the end of April, 1921, reached 
294,260,142 kilos, as compared with 
156,377,837 kilos during the corresponding 
season of the previous year. The stocks 
remaining at the factories at the end of 
April amounted to 25,338,609 kilos, as 
compared with 6,977,050 kilos for the 
previous year. 


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GE TELTG (C(O IBS A RIB PATE ANE 41 
United Rail f H 
CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 
No. 11| No. 1 | No. 7 | No. 5 | No. 3| No. 9 = HAVANA No. 2} No. 8 | No. 6 |No. 10| No. 4|No. 12 
PM/]PM|PM/PM|AM/AM]! 5 AM|AM|]PM/]PM/]PM|AM 
10.31 ee 4.01 | 1.01 {10.01 | 7.01 .||Lv Central Station Ar|} 6.50 | 9.40 | 3.31 | 6.30 | 7.25 | 6.30 
Aiea 12.17 | 6.40 | 3.23 |11.54 | 9.25 58||Ar...Matanzas...Lv}| 4.15 | 6.52 | 1.10 | 3.50 | 5.06]...... 
4.05 | 8.40 | 5.50 | 2.00 |12.37 ||109)|...... Cardenas...... NOs) |) S00 |UOSOO |) 2M) |o505 selleacese 
PM PM PM|AM PM 
eel tee BsWO llocoscel) O22 |) Ge oc as oal| ile SHR. cos caIIO28 eco sel) Boek placate 
P 
ae 9.45 8.35 PED oo oc (Canlopysein .secal] 7628 |jcccoccllococas 8.15 |*. 
AM 
Nee Ae 6.00 SOO Ryser: USO. o 6 oS (Clam 5 oa ILOO oscsccll 740 |lecosce pe 
PN 
Goll®:Ihein-pexcrel VASneIeEoe) leeroriers 7.10 1195) | eeeee Gienfuerosreees4 | Seeeterea |lsraccoroeil Satcied|teechen oe 11.15 |10.15 
AM PM AM|PM 
Biaceaee GG) || Seremae leeoes| toerone 241)|...Sancti Spiritus. ..|| 4.45 pane sal kanooa teoadeltamosoc 
PM 
BE Beso 11.35 DD Ow eee 276||...Ciego de Avila. ..|| 3.45 WAGE) Ilda cans seieteteys 
PM AM 
BL Sapa 3.10 GolO Wocoso- a a40|\pe oe aCamaruey. ss -t2edo esse 9500 Al setocts 
AM AM PM 
ica oe DP OR Geet racaeliohereyrert HAAN || ococone Antill asses: Sremvts|Netsestene NOEAON a ceecisll 2 onesies 
sete 3.45 Bae} |) cocccdlec co ce||ORelll oo coo cS EUMUEN GO). 5 5 oo litlo(Ol 9.00 ai etcerciare 
AM PM AM AM 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
* Via Carrefio. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAVANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
GienfueroSea- casos se ce eee 
SHAE s 0G Feat ieee Gierny apren a monte $5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 
Caibanienes err scek ee eee ce 
PEN en ee 
TELONGEPAVI ACE rE ete re ee 5.50 4.50 ) - 
(CAAA Reena oe eee noes 6.00 5.00 § 15.00 18.00 
Fare Be Fcc Aec okt 
Ero, Cedros otras sce eee 7.00 6.00 
Conr EN0)s al de ee a Oe 8.00 7.00 } 20.00 25.00 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Weis: Gye Wi, So Gaz 
/ NaI), 35 oS GORA UR CRS SSO Ae IG Ot JBWES,¢scococosanacccocco 00 DOW) 
Batabano ceerrier eee sree en Luee oO Matar par isrsse- tase tan arose te 4.25 
IB AV CUTNA Oe Getve sa sie aio iciarecie Ce orion Soe eae OA Man zanillopesmdacee cae oer renee 27.74 
Gaibarientesae eee een Leow Matanzas. 225206 nate ren ene Lee e0 
Camarueyennen cans. ca ois mie) OO iBlacetas Ades Perea oan 13.54 
Cardenas........ 7.96 Remedios jn2scceeatr acess se eerste 4200 
@iegonde Avila sei. ae ce once LTA RET ENS hte aia Se eS ie a ne BIGIO 11.98 
CONWEWcononocscnoosdsacceadon tigers) SanvAntonioss: cei cee ace emi: 1.80 
Coloneaeeehe ek se eerie trae Oke SHiMCH SUVS. cososonodcccesccadco) HH. Gi 
(GUeINHTENIN®, 455c00encosbocacscees ale 7fl) SEingia(Okinivda ed omooabepcacneeudo . Maas) 
ETO] uti he ey ges ie tala ZO Santiago de Cuba................. 30.08 
Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 110 pounds 


or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS—First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Col6én, Union, Sagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


W. T. MEDLEY, Commercial Agent 


ARCHIBALD JACK, General Manager 


HAVANA, CUBA 


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42 THE 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
“PASSOL” SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD STREET, Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. enC. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liv erpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espana. 


INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 
MATANZAS, CUBA 


Established 50 Years Shipping Tradea Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 
CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 
LUMBER AND TIMBER 
Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


J 8388 | 


Telephones: | 8389 f Bowling Green 


Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, enoe 


Telephone 0316 Henry Night Call, 2278 Henry 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 


Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 
Engravers - - Fine Stationery 


RUIZ BUILDING 


O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P.O. Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


CUBA 


REVIEW 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Cable Address: Kunomale, New York 
Telephone 3300 South 


_ Box 186 
Maritime Exchange 


YULE & MUNRO 


SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
BOAT BUILDERS, ETC. 


Telephone 
215 Hamilton 


No. 9 Summit Street 


Near Atlantic Dock, BROOKLYN 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Cawmuer 


MERCADERES No. 5 
HAVANA, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 
COMMISSION MERCHANT 


P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either on a 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


F. W. Hvoslef E.C. Day’ R.M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 


Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers 
18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘Benvosco’’ 


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TOE COUR AX EVE Ww 43 


Munson Steamship Lines 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 


New York Antilla Antilla New York 
S/S. “IMNUINUNINDAIRG Ss og aoe soonedboeoee Aug. 13 Aug. 17 Aug. 20 Aug. 24 
See aes IN ay a aed ene tee a UAE ten. F nen Aug. 27 Aug. 31 Sep: 3 Sep. 7 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings as follows: 
Havana....Every Week| Isabela de Sagua. -Every 3 Weeks | Guantanamo. Every 3 Weeks 


Matanzas. Every 2 Weeks | Caibarien......... ie Antillas... 
Cardenas.Every 2 Weeks | Nuevitas.......... See Santiago... Se ee 
LIMIT occeceecas pe es ey a Cienfuegos. Pelgetpesuytigr 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
eee VR ——Wontevideo-buenos) AInes..-.)- sc 400442 9400 seo csees on Semi-monthly 


MNS TTB AIM ES BY cee An Le ana ea seca ae arg nt Mane eA Sr Cue ON RS Monthly 
NEW YORK—South America Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 
United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
SS “THUOMROUN Ec Cin i ee Snot nari CARR Hyena VR ne ea etm, ere rs bi on en dear cE EI HOC Aug. 3 
SI'S - CANTEOULAIS 2 Gi aes SOR a eer te Erne SR oe ea a aint ac hua Aug. 17 
Su) SSONUPIPIS USD IBN feel G5 ORS S12 (ce) ees a pr aoe aie Tee PD arc teen Yanage UEE Aug. 31 
(a) Ist, 2d and 3d class. (c) Ist and 3d class. 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 
BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
A STEAMER IBewlithimomeISlenyanie 55 5000cnocecscusoecunobsonone Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago ..............0-. Every Other Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


NEW ORLEANS—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New Orleans for Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE 


GENERAL OFFICES: 
67 Wall Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 
Keyser Building, BALTIMORE, MD. 708 Common Street, NEW ORLEANS, LA. 


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LINK=BELT 


Machinery Handles All Products 


in sugar factories, from dumping the cane to storing the bagged sugar. 
Our leadership as engineers and builders of efficient conveying systems for 
sugar estates and refineries is the result of years of experience. 


Send for our new 136 page catalog No. 355 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 
299 BROADWAY NEW YORK 


ay 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Direccién Telegrafica: 
Direccion Telesrafica: 165 Broadway, New York, U. S. A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 


Aqui se ve el grabado de uno de nuestros carros més modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
de todos tipos v de varias capacidades para uso en Cuba. Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
Méjico, con bastideres y jaulas de madera 0 de acero. Produccién annual de mas de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA, Representante para Cuba 


—t- 


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wt seiner 
Ria cere tener et 


2 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Chuchos o Cambiavias, Ranos o Corazones, 


CRUZAMIENTOS, CABALLETES DE MANIOBRA PARA 
FERROCARRILES, RIELES, &c. 


URANTE mas de 35 anos nuestros Talleres 

siempre montados a la moderna—se han dedicado 

a la fabricacion de Rieles, Chuchos, Cruzamien- 

tos y otros Accesorios para los Ferrocarriles 
Americanos, y siempre hemos procurado corresponder a 
las necesidades de nuestros clientes suministrandoles 
materiales de primera al precio mas reducido. 

Nuestra Seccion Técnica esta a disposicion de nuestros 
clientes, y para ayudarnos interpretar debidamente sus 
necesidades y evitar demoras inconvenientes, al pedir 
precios 6 remitir encargos, es sumamente importante nos 
den los detalles correspondientes. 


Sirvase dirigir la correspondencia a 


WEIR FROG COMPANY 


43 Cedar St., New York, E.E. U.U. 
JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente (Direccion cablegrafica: JAMOTLEY, NEWYORK) 


JAMES M. MOTLEY * (2. 0 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 
THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 
GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO., LTD. 
THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 
STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 


Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan: 


Locomotoras 

Carros para cana 

Ruedas para carros 

Rieles y accessorios 

Chuchos y ranas 

Aserraderos 

Calderas 

Maquinas, de vapor y 
de gasolina 

Tanques 

. Tornos 


Trapiches y toda clase 
de maquinaria para 
Ingenios de Azucar 


Calentadores de agua 
de alimentacion 


Alambiques para agua 


A solicitud se remiten catalogos resupuestos. . : 
pee eese = Madera, pino amarillo 


Direccion cablegrafica: JAMOTLEY, New York (Se usan todas las claves). 


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ETOH SCUBA ke Ey VG EW: 3 


HOLBROOK TOWING LINE, Inc. 


W. S. HOLBROOK, Pres. 


‘Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 
Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Night Phone 


Zone Broad 15 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, U.S.A. 1360 Roo S85 1 


WILLETT & GRAY. Brokers and Agents 
A 
maa SUGARS = uo 


REFINED 
82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guana jay from 5 A. M.to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P. M. 
FARE 92) ees = $1200 


Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guines—— from 5.50 A. M. to7.50 P.M. Last train 11.10 P. M. 
BARE 2:0 S28 ¢1,95 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANA FORTRESS) FROM 
LUZ FERRY, HAVANA, TO 


Reg aim (Ee rrsya eeewtce reece tease aarti ara aray een ake ence $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway)............. II 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry)............ 06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A. M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A. M. to 11 P. M. 


The Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York 


Bid Asked 


Republicrot Cuba, Imtertor Loan5% Bondss--5..-242-4a5-5242- 2500-8 26 63 65 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944..................... 78 79 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949..................... 17 1 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 414% Bonds of 1949................... 67 69 
Pamanameity= Ist Mtre:69, Bonds. 20 co. ce 25+ ty. 26 wees kre ngs a nuke ie 85 sa 
lama Ctitive 2d Mtoe 6% BOndSs sees. ote irae ea) eres woe sees 85 oe 
Bavemiatnoud: Preferred Stock. 22.9 a0. gence, | Me eRe oe Se See ee 40 50 
Subaskaulroad Ist. Mtge. 5% Bonds) of 1952.5. ... 2. 22. keke a woe ee 66 Ne 
SupsCompany 6% Debenture. Bonds. 24.02.2225 2.0. eee eee ee ee eee 50 60 
Cuba Company 6% Cumulative Preferred Stock......................... 55 70 
Bavana Electric Ry. Co. Cons. Mtge. 5% Bonds..................:..---- 73 7d 
Havana Blectric Ry. light & Power Co. Pid. Stock.......-...-...-.-..--- 34 85 
Havana Hlectric Ry. Light & Power Co. Com. Stock..................--. = 80 
Suvanpamerican sugar Co, Preferred Stock: 5.05502. .5-022 52> +s00--2- = 74 80 
SubanAmerican’ Sugar Co, Common+Steck.....5.05...2525-- -+220+--6- 16% 

SAT MN I AMEN OG OM OAT OOM SUOCK ewe ee stn cette es ne irwciaglate eo ae sae eaee ial 9 91% 


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‘t THE CUBA REVIEW 


Insist upon Walker’s “LION” Packing 


Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 
» METALLIC “LION” PACKING. Look for “The 
Thin Red Line” which runs through all the 
Genuine and the “Lion” Brass Trade Mark 


Labels and Seals attached. 


WRITE FOR 
OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


JAMES WALKER & COMPANY, Ltd. 
46 West Street New York City 


United Railways of Havana 
WESTERN DIVISION 


TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


PM|PM|PM/]AM]/AM]AM|] Fare | Fare AM|AM};]PM;}PM/]PM|PM 
6.15 | 2.55 | 1.45 |10.15 | 6.55 | 5.45 | 1st cl. |Lv. . . -Cen. Sta. Ar| 3d cl. 7.20 |11.09 |12.01 | 3.20 | 7.09 8.00 
8.24 | 4.24 | 3.55 |12.24 | 8.24 | 7.55 |$2.65 |Ar. Artemisa, ...Lv $1.40 | 5.15 | 9.40 | 9.45 | 1.15 | 5.40 | 5.45 
sss A) bal Py joss) | oa = 5.19 Ar. ..Paso Real... 254 |. ces cl) OeO0 lt .ceseleeeteem t— 
ee 62 05ileene ie ...]10.05 |......] 5.62 |Ar.. Herradura. . i yey (Sh er ly (OC: Ieee eee 
eRe 6.56 | .-|10.56 | 7.30 | 6.71 |Ar..Pinar del Rio. Lv] 3.25 |. -.5..|) 6255: | -ssscs |e Senn eee 6.00 
ne 8.40 12.40 111:45 | 8.83: [Ar 2. Guane?. ..c vince cere ol oec0 nla ee eee 1.20} 2.00 
PM|PM P M P M | PM/;}AM AM|AM/]AM]PM|PM PM 


Round Trip Fares from Havana to 


PinOS\... 2 | aa ee 15 cts. Rancho Boyeros........ 40 cts. 
TROLLEY Arroyo Naranjo. e.2 see 25 cts. Santiago de las Vegas... .55 cts. 
Calabazar: .isas22 eee o0lcts:, 9 Rincon <= -)..5.2 eee 65 cts. 


TRIPS 


Leaving Central Station every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 7.15 P. M., 
and every hour thereafter to 11.15 P. M. 


Trade with Canada 


The following table indicates the value of Canada’s imports from and exports to 
Cuba during 1913, 1919 and 1920: 


1913 1919 1920 
Pea CLOMID... ..<.<!s sss ha dune em aeete $4,306,817 $12,565,712 33,198,207 
BERETS GOA Sic, 20,2 cas ona Mee aus ew Oe ss 1,859,468 5,642,675 $7,560,011 


Brazilian Imports from Cuba 


The following table shows the value of Brazilian imports from Cuba for the past 
five years: 


1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 
$172 $20,761 $15,843 $27,137 $56,283 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 
An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 67 Wall Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 
$1.00 Per Year - - - - 10 Cents Single Copy 
ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 


eVol- XTX AUGUST, 1921 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page — Narrow Street in Havana. 
Frontispiece — Residence of the Foreman of the Lykes Bros. Cattle Ranch, 
Oriente Province. 
The Cattle Industry of Cuba, illustrated, by H. O. Neville. .13, 14. 
18, 195 205 21) 22, 23,2 
CoASinse Siremtinslniys IWinaes; tim CW. sc5se cs eecosecoepoccosccecoonce : 
Cuban Commercial Matters: 
Cuban Commerce with Germany 
Ciwlogin IBsqnoriss @ tae WimtieGl SURES. <5 56ceesecc cos sc oo os cen sconce 
Cilears) Iteacle Win wine, Wintel SURES... eonccn ccs oconccucccuccdecadc 
National Congress of Chambers of Commerce 
Passengers Entering the Port of Havana 
Cuban Financial Matters: 
Banco Nacional de Cuba 
Cuban Telephone Company 
Prevallimone rices tor Cuban SeCUPIbIES . rae aci1 a= ee =e = 
iBeahiemReceiptsnots@ulbam WatlrOads cee cer cee cc eee ee ee 
Cuban Government Matters: 
Asoolicaim@m OF tln@. Worries WANS. 62s ccoseccodacc cenesocssésoucoe 
Cuban Delegate to Medical Congress of the World 
PxprAOLG Ma mye Session) Of \CONSTESS = says sere ee a 


“ID WD 


oa) 


Sugar Legislation 
om fo 
Cuba’s Mineral Production 


Oo mI we 


— 


Geblavana Correspondence. - 2. 22-22 3-2. - 23-2 a $), 
The Sugar Industry: 
The Permanent Tariff Bill 
Sugar Exports to the United 
Sugar ieview, Wimgliisnc., .oUeacece + céecesabooeteeccsectoccseeccotly & 


> 


Suman IRevieus, Sieisiiuseecs dae gecuseesccepooeas sce sa ooneten GUN Gl 


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(gl asevd ‘apoyae vag) 


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*QDULAOAG FUIIO ‘YUBY 29,8) ‘sorg SOYAT 24} JO UBWIEIOT 94} JO FUEpISeYy 


CLD Sis Dad Wh Ai Pr | 


THE 


CUBA REVIEW... 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


Copyright, 1921, by the Munson Steamship Line MAI 


VoLtumE XIX 


AUGUST, 1921 


NuMBER 9 


Cuban Government Matters 


Extraordinary Session of Congress 


The urgent necessity of enacting legisla- 
tion to normalize the nation’s affairs resulted 
ina call by President Zayas for an extraor- 
dinary session of the Cuban Congress. An 
agreement to issue enough bonds to cover 
the deficit confronting the government, 
estimated at more than $45,000,000, was 
reached at a meeting of the mixed Legis- 
lative Commission with President Zayas. 

Another measure which will be brought 
before Congress is restriction of immi- 
eration. 

Sr. José M. Cortina, Secretary of the 
Presidency, stated that the bonds to meet 
unpaid floating indebtedness would be 
issued in the form of an interior loan of 
$50,000,000 at 6%. 

It is thought that the loan will help 
retrieve the present economic crisis, but 
that the means which the government 
plans to adopt to aid the sugar industry 
will be entirely distinct from its measures 
to wipe out the deficit. 

Salient features of a report submitted 
by Sr. Sebastian Gelabert, Secretary of the 
Treasury, show that the government’s in- 
come for the fiscal year 1921-1922 will not 
exceed $66,990,000 and that reduction in 
the budgets of every department will be 
necessary. 

The Secretary is quoted as having said 
that his investigations already had shown 
a deficit, compared with the former admin- 
istration, of $36,000,000, with the proba- 
bility that it would be increased by $10,- 
000,000. That it is President Zayas’ in- 


tention to bend his efforts toward the 
lowering of the government’s expenses is 
shown by the issuance of a decree com- 
bining a number of tax collecting offices 
with more important ones in nearby cities, 
thus saving the expenses incurred in the 
maintenance of the offices annulled. It is 
estimated that the saving thus effected will 
amount to nearly $500,000 per year. En- 
listments in the navy have also been 
stopped, and a considerable reduction in the 
cost of this branch of the national service 
and in that of the army is anticipated. 


Sugar Legislation 


Purchase by the Cuban Government of 
1,000,000 tons of sugar and its withdrawal 
from the market was agreed to at a con- 
ference between Cuban sugar magnates, 
President Zayas and Secretary of the 
Presidency, José A. Cortina. 

The amount of sugar on hand in Cuba is 
estimated at 2,000,000 tons. 

The purchase will be effected through a 
loan, which will be guaranteed by the sugar 
itself, and a special tax on the manufacture 
of sugar. From information received by 
leading sugar interests, the Cuban Govern- 
ment will not withhold the sugars which 
may be purchased indefinitely from the 
market, but will defer sale of them long 
enough to permit the rest of the crop to be 
disposed of. It is planned to spread the 
marketing of 1,000,000 tons over a con- 
siderable period. 


8 THE 


Under the Platt amendment the consent 
of the United States is necessary to the 
proposed loan, and the most important 
matter remaining to be determined is that 
of the terms on which the U. 8. Department 
of State will agree to it. It is possible that 
some measure of fiscal supervision by repre- 
sentatives of the United States will be 
asked for. 


Application of the Torriente Laws 


In the opinion of Consul General Carlton 
Bailey Hurst, at Habana, Cuba, there has 
been considerable misapprehension among 
American business houses relative to the 
provisions of the so-called Torriente laws. 
These laws, according to the consul general, 
did not provide for an absolute extension of 
commercial credits, but, on the contrary, 
made it possible for Cuban business houses 
to file a petition with the proper court, as 
set forth in the act, giving certain data 
relative to their business affairs, and upon 
favorable action by the court, entitling the 
petitioner to a maximum extension of credit 
of 105 days from February 1, 1921, during 
which period outstanding obligations were 
to be liquidated in instalments. 

It is generally recognized that but a very 
small percentage of Cuban business houses, 
even among those finding themselves em- 
barrassed by outstanding accounts, sought 
the benefits conferred by the Torriente 
laws. Cuban business houses as a whole 
felt that under the present economic con- 
ditions existing the extension called for by 
the law would, in the majority of cases, be 
inadequate to liquidate outstanding obli- 
gations, and that their petition for its 
benefits would be regarded unfavorably 
by ereditors with whom they wished to 
arrange for an extension different from 
that provided for in the law. Prominent 
bankers and others believe that 10 per cent 
or less of Cuban business houses took the 
necessary steps to obtain the extension 
provided for in the Torriente laws, but 
that by far the greater part of Cuban houses 
have endeavored, and in most cases have 
succeeded, in making individual extension 
arrangements with their creditors. The 
last payment provided for in the case of 
commercial houses under the Torriente laws 


CUBA 


REVIEW 


should have been made on May 15, 1921, 
and the provisions of the law referring to 
commercial credits have therefore expired. 

The question of whether many failures 
would have resulted from an enforced com- 
pliance with the Torriente laws is difficult 
to answer in view of the fact that so small a 
percentage of business houses sought its 
protection. It is believed, however, that a 
large percentage of failures would have re- 
sulted in certain lines, particularly in the 
cases of dealers in textiles and footwear. 
Although a considerable number of failures 
have been reported, including some of con- 
siderable magnitude, and the present busi- 
ness situation is far from satisfactory, it is 
felt that the majority of American creditors 
have shown a disposition to grant reason- 
able extensions, and that because of this a 
relatively small percentage of failures will 
result. 


Cuban Delegate to Medical Congress 
of the World 


Dr. José A. Presno, Vice Director of 
the Centro Asturiano de la Habana, left 
for Strassburg on June 8th to represent 
Cuba officially at the Medical Congress 
of the World. 

Dr. Presno is a Professor of Surgery in 
the National University of Havana, and 
Vice Director of the Quinta de Covadonga. 

Besides going as an official representa- 
tive of the Cuban government, Dr. 
Presno has also been commissioned to 
visit all of the museums, clinics and larger 
colleges for the purpose of making arrange- 
ments for the establishment in Cuba of a 
medical museum for increasing the 
efficiency of the Faculty of Medicine and 
Pharmacy. 


Removal of Prohibition on the Importa- 
tion of Rice 


The Cuban prohibition against the im- 
portation of rice has been removed by a 
presidential decree. No increase was made 
in the retail price at which rice may be sold. 
The prohibition against the importation of 
rice has been in effect since Sept. 7, 1920. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 9 


Havana Correspondence 
July 20th, 1921. 


Suear: With the advent of the rainy season, all but a very small proportion of 
the sugar centrals throughout the Island have ceased grinding cane; the mills still con- 
tinuing to grind number less than a dozen, and with the exception of possibly four or 
five of the larger centrals which will continue to grind until August, this will complete 
the 1921 grinding season. From the standpoint of productivity, this season has been one 
of the most successful ever experienced, the total tonnage exceeding that of last year, 
which had heretofore been regarded as a banner season, by some 200,000 tons, and had 
the price of raw sugar not taken the remarkable slump which it did, it would have meant 
that Cuba would be experiencing untold prosperity rather than a demoralization of in- 
dustry. 

Any attempt to prophesy what the situation will be next season would be little more 
than guesswork and it is difficult indeed to find anyone who is willing to venture a hazard, 
in view of the utter chaos existing in financial, political and industrial circles at the pres- 
ent time. That next season’s crop will be greatly diminished is generally admitted, for 
the reason that thousands of acres of cane land are being allowed to grow up with weeds, 
because of the inability of the owners to secure funds for the cultivation of these immense 
tracts. It is also true that unless conditions improve considerably by the time the next 
grinding season begins, many centrals will lack funds with which to operate. When 
consideration is given to the fact that practically three-fifths of this season’s crop is still 
being held in warehouses awaiting a market, and that the price which is being paid for’ 
this sugar is much below the actual cost of production, it is difficult to predict in what 
position these centrals will be at the beginning of the next season. 

That something must be done by the government or private financial interests to 
afford relief to the planters is generally conceded. However, just what form this relief 
will take is causing a great deal of discussion and many plans have been advanced by 
political and financial interests, none of which have as yet been given more than brief 
consideration. One of the measures of relief most prominently mentioned has been the 
suggestion that the government purchase a million tons of sugar, paying for same in 
interest-bearing bonds or certificates of purchase, and withdrawing this amount of sugar 
from the market for an indefinite period, or until such time as a better market prevails. 
Just whether or not this plan would afford the right measure of relief is questionable and 
at the same time would place an additional burden on the government at a time when it 
is in none too strong a position to bear any additional financial responsibilities. 

As stated before, some action looking to the interest of the relief of the planters must 
be taken if they are to be expected to continue in the sugar raising industry. As matters 
stand at present, the planter is in a very unenviable position as he is unable to find a 
ready market for his product and when he does secure a market, as stated before, the price 
he obtains is much below the cost of production; consequently, he is without adequate 
funds to liquidate his accounts, to purchase machinery for future cultivation, or to hire 
help necessary to carry on the work. Little or no assistance is rendered by the banks, and 
unless governmental or private aid is forthcoming the outlook for the future is at present 
far from promising. 

There has been a great deal of agitation of late seeking the temporary removal of 
the Sugar Finance Commission by the President. The argument advanced for such 
action is that inasmuch as the price of sugar has already reached such a low level, it 
would be practically impossible for it to go much lower, and if all the restrictions exist- 
ing at present were removed, the bulk of the crop would be moved in a shorter time than 
under present restrictions and a clear field would be secured for the handling of next 
season’s crop; also, quicker financial aid could be given to the growers than under the 
present scheme of handling by realizing ready cash upon the thousands of tons now 
being held in the warehouses, which are constantly accruing insurance and other expenses. 


_———————————————  ——————  ———————————————————————————————— 


10 THE CUBA REVIEW 


It is generally conceded that the small measure of relief afforded by the Cuba Finance 
and Export Company, which some time ago loaned some $20,000,000 to the planters, 
was of little value, the amount in question being entirely inadequate to meet the ex- 
igencies of the occasion. It is held that it will be necessary to secure a loan of approx- 
imately a hundred million dollars to stabilize conditions sufficiently to tide the sugar 
interests over the present aggravated situation. All of the various measures of relief 
are being given serious and careful consideration by the administration and by foreign 
and local financial interests, and it is earnestly hoped that some concrete measure of pro- 
tection and relief may be secured which will again place the sugar industry of Cuba on 
a more solid foundation. 

Rumors have been current for some time with regard to propaganda existing in 
some parts of the United States advising against the purchase of Cuban sugar, and while 
this propaganda, if it exists, could do but little harm, it nevertheless has been the subject 
of some rather caustic comments by the Cuban press. It has been impossible to trace 
the sources of these attacks upon the Cuban sugar industry. 

FINANCIAL Srruation: While the outlook at present is far from encouraging, 
prevailing sentiment in financial circles is assuming a more optimistic trend than it has 
for some time, due to a feeling that the worst has already been realized and that any fu- 
ture change must necessarily be in the direction of a betterment of financial conditions. 
The chaos which has prevailed for several months has been relieved somewhat by the 
lifting of the moratorium, as well as by the work of the liquidation committee which has 
been at work on the books of the several insolvent banking institutions. A report of the 
findings of this committee is expected at an early date. One of these institutions, the 
Banco Nacional de Cuba, which was among the first to succumb after the moratorium 
went into effect, has already announced its intention of effecting a reorganization and 
again opening its doors. As to whether or not its example will be followed by the other 
institutions which are now under process of liquidation will not be known until the 
exact state of their condition is ascertained. 

Almost daily conferences are being held between the administration and the con- 
gressional leaders with the object of devising some plan for the securing of funds with 
which to provide revenue for government operation and for the relief of the sugar and 
other industries. It has not as yet been determined just what plan will eventually be 
followed, but it is believed that arrangements will be made for the securing of a loan of 
sufficient magnitude from New York banking interests, which will afford relief until con- 
ditions again become normal. The amount of money required for this purpose has been 
variously estimated at anywhere from $50,000,000 to $100,000,000. 

General Crowder’s report to his government at Washington has been the subject of 
much speculation as to what recommendations and suggestions were contained therein, 
and while this report has to date not been made public, belief is expressed that some 
concrete suggestions were contained therein for the relief of the present situation. Gen- 
eral Crowder is continuing in his advisory capacity to the present administration and is 
being frequently called upon for consultation when conferences on financial problems 
between the administration and members of the legislature are held. 

That there must be some changes made in the present banking laws is generally 
admitted. The crisis through which the Island is now passing has brought the matter 
forcibly to the attention of political and commercial interests, and the necessity for legis- 
lation tending to strengthen the banking laws and enabling the government to exercise 
more control over the banks is recognized, for it is now being realized that one of the 
fundamental principles of a successful banking institution is the confidence which it 
enjoys. Under the present laws entirely too much opportunity is afforded for over-spec- 
ulation, wild-cat financing and dishonest banking methods, with an utter disregard for 
the trust which is vested in a bank handling the people’s money. 

As a result of the findings of the Superior Banking Commission which is now in- 
vestigating the affairs of the insolvent banks, it is hinted that criminal prosecutions will 
be instituted in some cases where it has been found that “irregularities” have occurred. 


LAH © (WE BVA COR Ey IEW 11 


That a thorough investigation of the circumstances under which the banks were forced 
to liquidate would reveal some questionable banking practices has always been generally 
believed, and if prompt action is taken to avoid a recurrence of such practices in the fu- 
ture it will go a long way toward restoring the shaken confidence of the public in banking 
institutions. One of the problems in connection with the financial situation in Cuba 
today is the devising of some means of getting the millions of dollars which are being 
hoarded in private homes or in safe deposits into circulation again. 

PouiticAL Matrers: The energy and earnestness being displayed by the new 
Administration in attacking the various problems with which it is confronted is the sub- 
ject of much favorable comment. At the outset, President Zayas inaugurated the cus- 
tom of curtailing the enormous cost of government operation, and this practice is being 
continued with gratifying results. The outstanding feature of this policy is the remark- 
able economy effected in the annual budget, this appropriation having been reduced 
from $104,000,000 to approximately half that sum. 

In view of the decreased revenue being received by the Treasury, owing to the 
slump in imports during the past few months, new forms of taxation are under con- 
sideration to offset this loss of income. Several tentative measures are being considered. 
One of the most desired reforms which the President hopes to bring about at an early 
date is some solution tending to bring about a reduction in the cost of living, which has 
not as yet taken any appreciable decline. 

There is a marked spirit of cooperation existing between the administrative and the 
legislative branches of the government in the working out of much needed reforms, as 
well as in the solving of the financial and other problems. The confidence which the new 
President has inspired is an important factor in securing the political strength to carry 
these plans to a successful conclusion. 

Lasor: Reflection of the industrial stagnation through which the Island is passing 
may be observed in labor conditions, thousands of men being without employment and 
in a destitute condition in various parts of the Republic. Due to the inability of many 
of the smaller planters and colonia owners to meet their obligations, the workers in the 
cane fields have gone unpaid for months. Those who are able to do so are leaving the 
country to return to their native lands, the others are contenting themselves with roam- 
ing about the country, living on what meagre assistance they can obtain. It is stated 
that 20,000 Spaniards have already returned to their native country and thousands 
more are awaiting transportation. Many of them are without sufficient funds to pay 
their way and have to be sent back by the Spanish Consulate. Some time in the near 
future, some scheme for rendering assistance to the thousands of starving and destitute 
people will have to be found by the government. 

The much advertised strike on the Cuba Railroad which was to take place on July 
Ist failed to materialize, the employees having decided that under present conditions 
it would be wiser to stick to their jobs. Nothing is heard of further strike negotiations 
among these employees and it is thought peaceful conditions will prevail for quite a 
period, now that they have finally decided that the opportune days for promiscuous 
striking have passed. 

SratuE oF Former Presipent EsrrapaA PatMa UNVEILED: An impressive cere- 
mony was witnessed by a large crowd of people who gathered in Vedado to see the un- 
veiling, by President Zayas, of the magnificent statue erected at the foot of the Avenida 
de los Presidentes (formerly called G Street), to the memory of the first President of 
the Republic, Tomas Estrada Palma. Many distinguished and prominent citizens were 
present, together with the entire presidential staff. 

Lire Savine Corps at Marranao Bracu: Responding to a popular demand for 
protection at the bathing beach known as the Playa de Marianao, Havana’s most pop- 
ular bathing resort, a voluntary life saving corps of expert swimmers, recruited from 
the Red Cross and the Young Men’s Christian Association, have established a beach 
patrol and first aid station at the beach. As a few drownings and several narrow escapes 
had already been experienced before this organization was perfected, there is no ques- 


i 


12 PEE CURA RES LEW 


a 


tion but that it will be the means of saving many lives during the hot months of July 
and August, especially in view of the neglect of the management to provide any safe- 
guards for the protection of the public. 

PINEAPPLE Season Nears Enp: The present pineapple shipping season, which 
is now drawing to a close, has been an extremely successful one. It is stated that the ferry 
alone carried some 700,000 crates of this delicious fruit, and the value of the total amount 
shipped to Northern ports is estimated at $6,000,000. 

Praise ror Havana Porice Force: Declaring his belief that Havana’s police 
force was one of the most courteous and efficient in the world, Manager H. B. Judkins 
of the Hotel Sevilla, who is spending his vacation in New York, said especial praise was 
due them for their courtesy and willingness to assist strangers. 

Dr. Mitron D. Greene Passes Away: Havana was profoundly shocked on 
July 12th when news was received of the death of Dr. Milton D. Greene, who up to a 
few years ago was the head of the Presbyterian Church in Cuba. Dr. Greene died at 
his home in Wisconsin. He spent many years in Cuba and was beloved by thousands, 
and his death has been universally mourned. e 

Cupan Misston Gores To Peru: A special mission has been named by President 
Zayas, which is now on its way to Peru, to participate in the centenary celebration of 
Peruvian Independence. A credit of $12,000 has been granted by the government to 
meet the expenses of the Mission, which is headed by Sr. Nicolas de Cardenas and Sr. 
Rafael M. Angulo. 

AmerICAN COLONY OBSERVES THE “GLorIoUS FourTH”: Starting with a break- 
fast which the American Club staged at the Jockey Club quarters at the Race Track, 
owing to lack of space at the former’s quarters due to rebuilding which is now under 
way, and ending with a reception in the late afternoon at the American Legation in Cerro, 
the national holiday was fittingly and properly observed by the Americans in Havana. 
The reception was honored by the presence of President and Mrs. Zayas, as well as many 
persons prominent in the political and social life of Cuba. 

PanaMA Swimminc Troupe Enrertains at Yacut Cius: The famous Red, 
White and Blue troupe of juvenile swimmers from the Canal Zone stopped in Havana 
on their way home after entertaining at Madison Square Garden, long enough to give 
one of the most remarkable exhibitions of skill in aquatie sports ever seen in this city. 
These children are marvelous swimmers and divers, and their entertainment at the club 
was thoroughly enjoyed by a large crowd that turned out to welcome the “kiddies,” 
whose reputation for daring water feats had preceded them. 


Cuba's Trade with the United States The price dropped from over 16 cents a 
Cuba’s trade balance against the United pound, in June, 1920, to less than 5 cents 
States fell from $248,976,779 in the June, 1m May, 1921. Fall futures are quoted at 
1920, fiscal year, to $15,360,820 for eleven less than 3. Tonnage also fell away 
months of the 1921 year. Her imports Tapidly. That of May is larger than a year 
from this country in the 1921 year slightly 4g0, however. 
exceeded the total in 1920. ¢ Following are imports from and exports 
Cuba got $596,275,578 for 6,905,709,612 to Cuba for May and 11 months ended with 
pounds of sugar in the 1920 year, an aver- May, 1921, and for the fiscal years indi- 
age of nearly 9 cents a pound. Distributed cated: 
Imports Exports Imp. bal. 


equally, it would have been a wage, bonus, 1991. May.. $26,754,383 $11,886,341 $14,868,042 


or gift, of $213, for every man, woman and 1921, 11 mo. 
gmt, . ’ ended May. 406,344,126 390,983,306 15,360,830 


child on the island. Year ended 
- r os xe Tees ; June 
. a the cee 1,056 pounds shipped to 1920........ 645,571,828 396,595,049 248,976,779 
PhesbiniediStates im elev : Q9] 1919........ 337,654,142 229,545,704 108,108,4 
ted States In eleven months of 1921 y973°°7722:; 26440241006 235'469/608 28,554,398 
there was received $366,772,723—not 1913........ 126,088,173 70,581,154 55,507,019 


. ; - 1912Ges eee 120,154,326 62,203,051 57,951,275 
quite 8 cents a pound. LOU eeeeer 110,309,468 60,709,062 40,600,406 


UATE ACW axl Seed VATE 13 


The Cattle Industry of Cuba 


By H. O. Neville 


“Well, Frank, what part of you is dry now?” The question was asked about ten 
o'clock of a morning in July, 1900, as the writer and his companion stopped for a brief 
rest beside a small stream in Oriente Province. We had been walking since early dawn 
along narrow trails bordered on each side by Guinea grass, towering in places three or 
four feet above our heads and wet with the night dew, so that wherever it touched us we 
had become wet to the skin. Frank’s answer was: ‘That part which is pointing the 
way we came from.”’ 

This gives some idea of the conditions prevailing in the pasturage areas of Camagtiey 
and Oriente Provinces at that time. The writer and his friend, not having anything 
better to do and considering that the trip would be somewhat of a lark and a giver of 
good experience besides furnishing an excellent opportunity for seeing Cuba at first hand, 
decided during the latter part of June to make a trip on foot from the north coast of 
Camagiiey Province to Santiago de Cuba and return, varying the route by way of Holguin 
and Jibara. Our readers will remember that at this time the first faint evidences of re- 
covery from the destruction of the War of Independence, in which through the aid of 
the United States Cuba’s shackles had been cast off, were observed, and it was yet too 
early for that confidence to have returned and the resources to have been obtained with 
which to replace the herds of cattle that had entirely disappeared during the preceding 
years of strife. In a country of a wonderfully fertile soil immediately following the heavy 
rains of the month of May and June, it was no wonder, therefore, that after passing the 
Cubitas Mountains and especially after leaving Camagitiey to the west, we should find 
vast areas covered with the high rank growth of Guinea grass which had been undis- 
turbed by stock for a number of years, and, therefore, was in its native original condition. 
In other places along the route, especially on the low lying moist lands, great areas of 
tangled vine-like Para grass were seen, likewise untouched by the hoof of a grazing 
animal. After reaching Bayamo, instead of keeping to the flat country of the interior 
plain, we chose rather to ascend the foothills of the Sierra Maestra, passing through 
Guisa, Baire Arriba and other small towns on the outlying spurs of this range, and from 
many points a view could be had extending for many miles both directly across and toward 
the east and west over the vast interior plain of Oriente, this view showing league after 
league of tall waving grasses of the finest quality for the fattening of cattle, interspersed 
here and there with tree-marked water courses and fine groves of royal palms. The 
writer at that time knew comparatively nothing of Cuba, but could not help but remark 
what a wonderful opportunity for going into the cattle industry. 

We thus observe that Cuba has at least one of the requisites for success in cattle 
growing. As we have already mentioned, two grasses, Guinea and Para, neither native 
to Cuba, but introduced from other lands, grow luxuriantly and furnish the very best 
of pasturages, especially for fattening purposes. The Guinea grass is a lover of the higher, 
well drained but fertile soils of the Island, in which it stools out in great bunches, throw- 
ing out long, slender, succulent blades, to be followed, where undisturbed, by a seed stem 
which under suitable conditions often attains a height of seven to eight feet though 
under ordinary conditions an average of about five feet. In the lower, moister lands, 
even when subject to overflow and where water stands during the rainy season, the Para 
grass is at home. This is more of a creeper than is the Guinea grass, the long vine-like 
stems taking root at each joint and throwing out therefrom other stems of the same 
character, until after the grass has been in possession of the land for a year or two, a 
dense tangled growth results. This grass is of such a succulent, juicy nature, that it is a 
ereat favorite with cattle, which in dry times, when the grasses on the higher lands have 
practically given out, will eat the Para grass down to its roots, not refusing what appear 
to be hard, dry stems containing no nourishment whatever. These are the two grasses 
found in our pastures on which our cattle are fattened. Excessively close grazing of these 


14 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Pasture Scene, Oriente Province 


Cattle Being Gathered for Market 


THEE CUE A RAE Ve, JV 15 


Fording the Bayamo River, Oriente Province 


Showing Transformation of Forest Land into Pasture. Part of the Forest Trees are Left Standing. 
Lykes Bros. Ranch, Oriente Province 


EEE OO 


16 THE CUBA. REVIEW 


“In Action” 


Cattle in Corrals at Loading Point 


a a ee 
THE CUBA REVIEW il'7/ 
ee ee eS ee SS 


grasses, however, will destroy them, and when this is done their place is taken by the 
native grasses of Cuba, the principal one of which, Espartillo, is found covering vast 
areas of the poorer soils in the central portions of nearly all our provinces, furnishing 
grazing ground upon which cattle are grown, to be removed later to the pastures in which 
the more fattening Guinea and Para grasses abound. This Espartillo is also the grass 
most highly prized in Cuba for milk production, as the animals feeding on it tend to run 
more to milk than to fat, as is the case when grazing off the other grasses mentioned. 


Among the other requisites for a profitable and successful cattle industry in any 
country is that of a suitable climate. In few places in the world are conditions in this 
respect so favorable as those in Cuba. As is fairly well known to everyone, our temper- 
atures vary only slightly from an average of about 70 degrees during the year, the ex- 
tremes reaching a low of about 45 and a high of about 94 in the shade. Therefore, no 
trouble from cold can ever occur, and as in nearly all our pastures sufficient shade is 
left. under which the cattle can rest during the hottest part of the day, no trouble is ever 
experienced from excessive heat. Thus cattle can be left in open pasture the year round. 
Care must be taken during the summer rainy reason to remove the cattle from the low, 
too wet lands where foot trouble may result from the cattle being continually in water, 
to the higher lands adjoining, and in the dry season of the winter when the grasses begin 
to get short and scarce and water hard to obtain on the higher, better drained areas of 
the interior, it is necessary to change the cattle to the low lying more moist pastures of 
the more level areas; but aside from this, as far as climatic conditions are concerned, no 
further precautions are necessary. Good water is obtainable practically everywhere 
throughout the Island, though at certain seasons of the year, especially in the central 
portions of Camagiiey and Oriente Provinces, there is a scarcity, the streams going dry 
and the wells becoming low and even giving out in times of excessively prolonged drought. 


The topography of Cuba is such as to cause the lands of the Island to lend themselves 
excellently to a combination of agriculture and cattle raising. In Pinar del Rio Province, 
in the southern portion of Santa Clara Province, in the northern portion of Camagiiey 
Province and throughout a very large area of Oriente Province, bounding the larger and 
slightly undulating areas of agricultural land, are found very large areas of rough, broken 
country, in many places still covered with virgin forest. In others, however, this broken 
country has been invaded by the axe, so that in many places steeply rising slopes are 
seen covered to the very peak with waves of tall rank grass. Often after the forest is first 
felled, these steep slopes are planted for a number of years to bananas, perhaps to coffee, 
maybe to cacao, and at times the ground is utilized for a year or two upon which to grow 
casava, boniatos, corn and others of the native food crops, but the forests in such regions 
are always felled with the ultimate idea of the lands becoming covered with either Guinea 
or Para grass for use as pasturage. The areas of this character already found on which 
the finest of grasses are growing luxuriantly, give an indication of what could be done 
were the hundreds of thousands of acres of land of this character systematically utilized 
for the purpose of cattle growing, for in these locations not only is found a rich, virgin 
soil usually excellently drained, but also in the defiles of the hills and in the narrow flat 
valleys occurring from time to time among them, are found small but constant water 
courses providing the very finest of water for the cattle. 

The writer does not know by whom cattle were introduced into Cuba. We have 
already indicated that at the end of the War of Independence the cattle industry had 
practically disappeared, stock being found only on the well protected plantations of that 
portion of the Island most densely populated, and even in these districts only a very small 
percentage of what had existed before the War still remained. It was, therefore, one 
might say, a virgin land improved in its possibilities by the previous existence of vast 
areas in which fine grasses had taken root, which presented itself to the investigating eyes 
of the Texas and Florida cattle men, who at the end of the war were attracted by the 
possibilities of Cuba. The favorable results of cattle raising during the former years of 
peace soon became known to them, and, of course, were familiar to all the natives of the 
Island who had lived in close connection therewith. It, therefore, is not surprising that 


EW 


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The Finest Zebu Bull in Oriente Province, Lykes Bros. Ranch 


A Fine Specimen of Zebu Bull 


ETE IR CLV IE I Tied VTL ID 19 


very soon after the period first mentioned in this article cattle began to be imported in 
large numbers, these coming from Florida, Texas, Mexico, Central America, Panama and 
Venezuela. The demand was great, every native Cuban or other owner of pasture lands, 
fully confident of the peaceful future of Cuba under the guiding hand and care of the 
United States, was anxious to again stock his pastures. Prices, therefore, were high, 
money, under the conditions prevailing at the time, was not easy to obtain, and high 
interest rates were being charged; but notwithstanding this, vast numbers of cattle were 
brought in and sold at high prices, paid for with money borrowed at excessive rates of 
interest. All was well for a number of years, until the number of cattle in the Island had 
reached approximately the figures prevailing before the war and until home production 
began to be sufficient, and, in fact, was slightly in excess of home consumption. When this 
condition was reached a natural drop in prices took place, and many of our cattle raisers 
found themselves in financial difficulties. One or two severe droughts during that period 
also added to the troubles of our cattle raisers, so that a survival of the fittest took place, 
again establishing the industry ona firm foundation. Conditions continued inthis way with 
production slightly in excess of consumption for quite a number of years, until the be- 
ginning of the war period in 1914 and the better showing being made by the sugar industry 
beginning with 1915 began to draw the attention of many from cattle raising to cane 
planting. This change, gradual at first, soon gained in momentum, reaching a climax in 
the spring and early summer of 1920, when thousands upon thousands of acres of the 
finest pasture land of our two eastern provinces were turned up by the plow and planted to 
cane. This-process could have, of course, only one result—that the home production of 
cattle should decrease and importation increase. It is thus that we find that while from 
1907 to about 1919 no importations except those of breeding stock took place, in each of 
the years 1919 and 1920 about 20,000 head of cattle were imported, these coming largely 
from Venezuela, Colombia and Costa Rica, though some have recently come in from the 
United States, this importation suddenly practically ceasing with the period of financial 
pressure and difficulties experienced since last October, so that during this year the only 
importations have been of cattle taken on contracts entered into during 1920. Future 
importations will, we believe, be extremely limited and perhaps entirely absent, as under 
normal conditions Cuba’s yearly production takes care of consumption and would furnish 
a small surplus for export, if the quality of stock produced were better. 


We have mentioned that immediately following the War of Independence cattle were 
brought in from practically the entire southern portion of the United States and all the 
districts lying between the Mexican boundary and the eastern boundary of Venezuela. 
Naturally, under such conditions a nondescript, heterogeneous lot of stock would be 
brought in, of no definite or special type. These and their offspring formed, therefore, 
during those early years after 1900, what might be called the native type of cattle. They 
still exist in countless herds, but among the progressive members of this industry constant 
improvement is taking place through the introduction of high class, pedigreed stock from 
abroad. These have consisted of sires of the Polled Angus, Hereford, Durham and Zebu 
breeds. The first are highly prized by some cattle raisers, as they have proved in Cuba to 
adapt themselves excellently to our climatic conditions, and while resistant to disease and 
to cattle ticks, develop into stocky, heavy-set animals, excellently adapted for slaughter. 
The Hereford is favored by some, but by others is considered an animal that is not a good 
rustler, being lazily inclined and with a tendency to seek the shade early in the day with all 
that thismeans. But perhaps the most favored of allis the Zebu. This isa large animal, 
rather inclined to be wild, but a first-class rustler, a good breeder, almost tick immune, 
short haired and of good form and excellent as a beef animal. The cross between this 
breed and the Polled Angus also is excellent. As the result of the introduction of sires of 
these breeds, the general character of a vast number of our cattle has been improved, 
producing both heavier animals and a better quality of meat. 


The vast tonnage of sugar cane produced in Cuba is hauled from the field to the 
railway loading stations in carts drawn by oxen, of which from three to five yokes are 
required for each cart. Assuming an annual sugar production of 4,000,000 long tons and 


I — 


20 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Mixed Blood Zebu Bull 


Mixed Blood Zebu Cow 


TE CUBA hk EVIE W 21 


Polled Angus Cattle 


an average yield of sugar from the cane of 11 per cent of the weight of the latter, it is seen 
that about 36,360,000 long tons of cane are required for the making of this quantity of 
sugar. This is equivalent to about 79,992,000,000 pounds. The average cart load of 
cane in Cuba can be assumed to be about 400 arrobas or 10,000 pounds, so that to harvest 
the crop it can be calculated that roughly 7,999,200 cart loads of cane have to be hauled 
from the field. It thus becomes evident that the number of cattle required for this 
hauling is quite large, and that there is opportunity for the raising of special breeds or 
strains of cattle for this purpose. Among the favorites adopted by the Cubans almost 
from their first introduction has been a strain from Porto Rico, consisting of heavy, 
chunky animals of excellent disposition, easily trained and yielding themselves readily to 
the work. Certain types also of Colombian and Venezuelan cattle have been found to be 
well adapted for use with carts. Cattle with a certain amount of Zebu blood have also 


tC 


22 THE CUBA KEV TBH. 


Cross Breed Zebu Cattle, Oriente Province 


The Evening Meal, Lykes Bros. Ranch, Oriente Province 


THE CUBA REVIEW 23 


been found for certain purposes to be excellent, as they are much more rapid than the 
other strains used, but their wildness and consequent difficulty in handling them is an 
objection that is hard to overcome. 

Following the example set by many of the southern states of the United States, our 
most progressive cattle raisers have adopted means of tick eradication. In nearly all the 
better ranches of considerable areas, dipping vats are found, these having been installed 
voluntarily, as no governmental requirements have yet been adopted. This, however, is 
not the case with imported cattle, as those coming by steamer from South America, 
Central America, Mexico and Texas are all dipped upon arrival at the port of introduction, 

‘though we understand that cattle coming in from Florida by rail for immediate slaughter 

are exempted from this requirement, this, however, being an evasion of the law. The 
subdivision of pastures and the systematic transfer of cattle from one subdivision of a 
pasture to another with the idea of complete eradication of all ticks in the infested 
area, has not yet been adopted here as it has in so many portions of the southern states, 
and the result is, of course, that Cuba’s hides are classed in the northern consuming 
markets along with those of other tick infested areas. The time will doubtless come, 
however, when stronger competition and the necessity for securing the highest return 
possible from every feature of cattle raising will bring about an Island-wide propaganda 
and movement in favor of the complete eradication of cattle ticks. 

A phase of the cattle industry which has not been given the importance that we 
believe it merits in Cuba is that of the raising of stock in connection with our sugar mills. 
In at least one mill of the Island, ‘‘Soledad,” near Cienfuegos, the Soledad Sugar Com- 
pany carries on quite an extensive cattle production. The prime object was originally 
to produce draft animals for the estate, but certain portions of the property and lands 
which could be obtained under moderate rental were much better adapted to cattle 
raising than to the raising of cane, so that from the original small beginning there has 
arisen an industry of quite considerable importance to this mill. At the present time 
not only is an abundance of fine stock for draft purposes being produced, but also a 
large number of cattle for killing purposes and improved breeds for dairy purposes, the 
products of which are used by the employees of the sugar mill. We have understood 
that at times as many as 4,000 cattle are found in the pastures of this sugar company. 

The estimated consumption of cattle in Cuba is about 1,000 head per day. Based 
upon this calculation, the yearly consumption of the entire Island would be about 365,000 
head, a quantity which in normal times is easily produced. Only in a limited number 
of localities in the Island are modern up-to-date slaughter houses found, one of these 
being in Camagiiey and the others in Havana. In the thousands of small localities of 
the Island, what are termed Municipal Slaughter Houses are found, these consisting 
usually, however, of only a cement or other hard floor sheltered by a simple roof and 
commonly situated in a place where good drainage enables the refuse products of slaugh- 
tering to be carried away. In Camagiiey the slaughter house is relatively small in 
capacity, but is fixed up with a small rendering plant and other modern conveniences 
of this nature. In Havana the two slaughter houses are known as the Industrial Slaugh- 
ter House and that of Lykes Bros. In these the total number of head of cattle killed 
daily averages about 300, in addition to which, of course, a smaller number of pigs, 
sheep, etc., are killed. The Industrial Slaughter House is provided with its rendering 
plant and also with apparatus for the taking care of the general run of waste products, 
these being used as fertilizer. The plant of Lykes Bros. is more complete, here being 
found refrigerating rooms, an excellent rendering plant, a large compounding depart- 
ment, and a sausage making department. These two plants are run on practically the 
same principles found in the best plants in the United States, with the difference naturally 
brought about by the different treatment of the meat after killing. 

A peculiarity of the Cuban meat eater is his prejudice against refrigerated meats. 
As a result of this, the meat killed in the morning is distributed in the afternoon of the 
same day to the various butcher shops of the locality, and the same afternoon, early 
the next morning and during the next day is consumed. Whatever is left over goes 


24 THE CUBA REVIEW 


On the Road to Loading Station 


Leading Cattle on Cars 


THE CUBA REVIEW 25 


Cattle Train 


into the refrigerators and ice boxes of the shops and is disposed of thereafter as second 
grade meat. How this prejudice has arisen in this semi-tropical country, where it would 
seem that refrigeration is absolutely essential to the proper preparation and preservation 
of meats, is difficult to imagine, but the prejudice is so deeply rooted as to have caused 
an absolute failure of a complete plant established a number of years ago in Camagiey, 
in which was installed the very finest of machinery and in connection with which were 
built the most up-to-date refrigerating plants. It was thought by those promoting this 
enterprise that the heavy loss of weight which occurred in shipping cattle from Camagiiey 
to Cuba’s principal market, Havana, could be avoided by the killing of the animals in 
Camagiiey and their shipment in refrigerator cars to Havana, to be there stored and 
delivered as required from the refrigerators of the Company established here in this 
City. As a part of the equipment of the Company, fine refrigerated auto trucks were 
employed for making city deliveries here, but the promotors had not taken into con- 
sideration the popular prejudice referred to. Moreover, they soon realized that the loss 
of weight in shipment of cattle from Camagiiey to Havana is caused, not through loss 
of the weight of meat obtainable after killing, but through loss of weight of stomach 
contents. The result was a complete failure and the definite closing down some time 
ago of this plant. Another result, of course, of the prejucide we have mentioned is that 
except for consumption by the foreign element in Cuba, very little refrigerated meat is 
imported, competition with the native meats being impossible. 

To one familiar with the various cuts offered by the butcher of the United States, 
the appearance of a meat shop in Cuba causes surprise. There is no such thing here as 
a definite system of cutting up the animal. Meats are classed as first, second and third, 
the first being practically all boneless meat, except that of the neck which is considered 
second class, while the third class consists of bones on which is found a small percentage 
of meat. This gives the keynote to the method of cutting up the animal after butchering, 
as the idea is simply to remove the bone and the fat from the meat, the latter then being 
cut up in any manner whatever so as to furnish to each customer the number of pounds 
of meat he requires. We know of only one part of the animal that is always kept sepa- 
rate, this being the tenderloin. 


26 THE CUBA REVIEW 


In view of the critical situation of Cuba’s sugar industry at the present time, the 
probable future that the cattle industry has in store is of interest. We believe that the 
expansion of the sugar industry has ended, and that a limitation of production both 
enforced and natural will result. It is quite possible that the next two years will witness 
a reduction in Cuba’s total sugar crop to not more than 2,500,000 long tons. This, of 
course, can be produced on a much smaller area of land than is now planted in cane, and the 
only outcome possible is that those lands abandoned for the growing of cane will become 
available as pasture. In the great majority of cases here, cessation of cultivation is 
followed immediately by the occupation of the land by grasses of various kinds, in many 
sections these being excellently adapted for cattle raising and fattening, so that present 
indications would point to an increase in the number of acres devoted to cattle raising, 
with a consequent increase in the number of cattle produced. This should, and very 
likely will, result in a repetition of the conditions existing beginning with about 1905, 
in which the price of cattle gradually lowered and the profits from the industry became 
smaller. From the extremely high prices at which cattle were held last year, there has 
been a tremendous drop, the writer being informed that yearlings which last year were 
obtainable only at prices from $45.00 up per head, are now being offered in fair abun- 
dance at $15.00 per head. Thus prospects indicate an increase in production and a 
lowering in value, but we believe that the history of the past will repeat itself and that 
reliable profits will continue to be made upon all ranches where business methods rule. 
The common sense limitation of the number of cattle pastured in a given area so that 
the owner is always in position to protect his herds in case of drought, and to give sys- 
tematic care which involves only a relatively small outlay, together with progressive 
methods in the improvement of the grade of animal produced, and systematic marketing, 
should bring to our stock raisers in future years reliable profits that will represent an 
excellent return upon the financial investment involved. We have been informed by 
some of the most conservative cattle raisers here that a return of about 18 per cent. net 
upon the capital invested in stock, lands, ete., can be secured, and this, it seems to the 
writer, should be regarded favorably. 


Trade with Boston 


Year Ending Year Ending 
| Mar. 1921 | Mar. 31, 1921); Mar. 1920 |Mar. 31, 1920 


$3,448,500 | $65,081,666 | $5,848,690 | $37,164,666 


Imports from Cuba............... | 438,005 | 11,252,495 1,019,160 | 10,704,682 
Pee OuDA...............005 ee 


Year Ending Year Ending 
Apr., 1921} Apr. 30,1921] Apr., 1920] Apr. 30, 1920 
Imports from Cuba............... $3,596,206) $63,247,464 $5,430,408} $39,690,538 


Bienerisaartubaes oes eos. FS 4 559,933) = 10,163,745 1,644,683 11,720,645 


Gunny Bags from Calcutta 


The following table shows the exports from Calcutta to Cuba of gunny bags during 
the fiseal years 1918-19 and 1919-20 as compared with the average 5 years ended March 
31, 1917. 


Average for the 5 Years 


Ended Mar. 31, 1917 1918-19 1919-20 
Quantity, Value Quantity, Value Quantity, Value 
Tons Tons Tons 


14,668,620 $2,181,814 17,079,600 $3,863,027 21,114,400 $5,758,042 


THE CUBA REVIEW 27 


Cuba’s Mineral Production 


Mr. Hugh A. Chisholm, Canadian Trade 
Commissioner at Havana, reports that the 
Inspecting Engineer of Mines for the 
Cuban Government has now compiled a 
survey of the mineral resources and pro- 
duction of the Island, which shows that 
Cuba has been producing valuable min- 
erals over a period of many years, and, 
moreover, that comparatively few of her 
deposits have been in any way exploited. 

Iron Ore.—Although there are important 
deposits of iron ore in nearly every prov- 
ince, those in the province of Oriente, in 
the eastern end of the Island, are the only 
ones that have as yet been exploited. Of 
these, the Juragudé mines have been pro- 
ducing over a period of thirty-six years an 
average output of 200,000 tons annually; 
the Daiquiri mines an average of 350,000 
tons annually over a period of twenty-five 
years; the Cuero mines an average of 
83,000 tons annually over a period of ten 
years; and the Mayari mines an annual 
average of 450 tons over a period of eleven 
years. 

Manganese Ore.—Of several deposits, 
only those in the province of Oriente have 
been worked. These have produced an 
annual average of 13,000 tons. The great- 
est production was in 1918, when 97,600 
tons were extracted. 

Chromium.—The working of chromium 
deposits was commenced in 1918 in the 
eastern end of the Island, the output in 
that year totaling 7,000 tons. 

Copper Ore.—Copper ore crops out in 
numerous localities all over the Island. 
Three deposits have been worked for sev- 
eral years, one of which—in the province 
of Oriente—has been producing since the 
year 1830. This mine reached its greatest 
production in 1911, with 94,000 tons. The 
two other mines in the province of Pina 
del Rio have been producing an average 
total of 130,000 tons annually. 

Asphalt.—Operations have been recently 
commenced on the asphalt deposits in the 
province of Santa Clara, and it is expected 
that this year’s production will reach 
10,000 tons. 

Petroleum.—Many sporadic attempts 
have been made to work the petroleum 
deposits, but without any marked success. 
One well produced 8,000 barrels in 1919, 


and two others are now producing 100 to 
180 barrels daily of naphtha. 

With regard to the metal contents of 
Cuban ores, the iron ore in the east of the 
Island shows 54% of iron, manganese ore 
40%, and chromium ore 35 to 45% of oxide 
of chromium. Copper ores show 10 to 
17% copper extraction. Scarcity of labor 
has reduced the mineral output of 1919, 
the mines finding it difficult to compete 
with the high wages offered on the cane 
plantations. The value of Cuba’s mineral 
production in 1918 was $12,000,000.00, but 
1919 will probably not show more than 
60% of this figure. 


National Congress of Chambers of 
Commerce 


The First National Congress of Cham- 
bers of Commerce and business interests of 
Cuba will be held on November 28, 29, 30, 
and December 1, 1921, in Havana, to 
consider measures for developing internal 
and international business. 


Passengers Entering the Port of Havana 


From July, 1920, to February, 1921, 
116,723 passengers from foreign ports 
entered at Havana, an increase of 38,358 
over the same period of the previous year; 
71,672 were classified as residents against 
39,077 the previous year. 


Cuban Exports to the United States 


The declared exports from Cuba to the 
United States during the first half of 1921 
amounted to $55,430,120, as compared 
with $151,899,820 for the corresponding 
period of 1920. The explanation for this 
reduction in exports is that during the 
present year prices in some cases were 
below the cost of production and exports 
were less, whereas in 1920 prices were high 
and exports were heavy and regular. The 
chief commodity exported in each case was 
sugar, $127,691,599 worth being shipped in 
1920 and $38,124,296 worth in 1921. 
Pineapples and tobacco were other leading 
articles of export. 


LLL 


28 THE CUBA REVIEW 


o_O 


Coastwise Steamship Lines in Cuba 


A report on Cuban steamship services prepared from data furnished the consulate 
general by the various consuls and submitted by Vice Consul James V. Whitfield gives 
the following schedule of services: 


Ports and Companies Details of Service 


Habana: “ ; 
Empresa Naviera de Cuba (Cuban).. | Owns 16 ships, 8 of which carry passengers, and all of which 

carry freight. Service to all important Cuban ports, to Porto 

Rico and Santo Domingo. Schedule irregular, | 

Compafiia de Navegacion del Comercio | Owns 3 steamers and maintains a bimonthly freight and pas- 
(Cuban). senger service to most Cuban ports. 

Viajera Antillena (Cuban)..........- Recently organized in Habana, for freight only. Company has 

purchased 3 vessels in England and will begin operations im- 

mediately upon their delivery. 


Sucesores de F. Romaguera Co.;| Small sailing vessels to various ports of Cuba when trade and 
Alonzo y Sobrinos; and Oscar As- | freight conditions warrant. 
tudillo (all of Habana). 
Antilla: Y : : : ’ ; 
Compafiia Naviera de Cuba.......... Maintains an agency in Antilla, and its traffic includes the ports 


of Puerto Padre, Gibara, Nipe, and Baracoa. ; 
Xavier Rumeau Steamship Line, San-| Has 1 steamer advertising sailings between Antilla, Cayo Mambi, 


tiago de Cuba. and Baracoa. It is anticipated that five or six voyages will be 
made monthly. Passengers and freight. : Be 
S.S. Rambler (American)............ Mr. Pascual Yannini, of Santiago, Cuba, advertises sailings of 


this steamship between Antilla and a Jamaican port. 
Cienfuegos: ; q ’ 
Empresa Naviera de Cuba........... Passenger and freight service between Cienfuegos and other 
south Cuban ports. Voyage begins at Habana and extends 
around the western end of Cuba, with Cienfuegos as first stop. 
Continues to Santiago with eight intermediate stops. Same 
stops on return trip. ‘ 
Compafiia de Navegacion del Comercio | One steamer with service from Cienfuegos to same ports and over 
same route as the Empresa Naviera de Cuba. 
The Emelio Navarro, S.enC......... One steamer with triweekly service, freight and passenger, 
between Cienfuegos and Casilda (Trinidad). 
The Empresa de Vapores al Castillo} Freight and passenger service on Cienfuegos Bay. 
de Jagua. | . 
Empresa Boullon y Compania, S. en| Freight and passenger service between Cienfuegos and ports on 
C., Cienfuegos. the Damijui River. : 
Senor Juan Roy, Cienfuegos.......... | Freight and passenger service between Cienfuegos and Calesito. 
Sagua la Grande: 


Mess. Fernandez & Co............-- Four small schooners in service. Intermittent schedule to 
| _ Habana, Matanzas, and other north-coast ports. | 
Sagua Ship-Chandlery Co...........| Owns two schooners and operates a freight service between 


Habana and Sagua la Grande, and between Habana and 
Nuevitas. Schedule to Habana, one sailing every 10 days; to 
Nuevitas, every 45 days. 

Compafiia de Navegacion de la Costa | Operates small sailing vessels to various north-coast ports when 

Norte de Cuba. trade and freight conditions warrant. 
Matanzas: 
Compafiia Maritima Comercial, Ma-| Weekly freight service between Matanzas and Habana. 
tanzas. 
Cardenas: 


Compafiia Licorera Cubana.......... Three small schooners carrying liquor from Cardenas to Habana 
and returning with general cargo. 
Arechabala Donihan...............- Three schooners from Cardenas to Habana with general cargo. 
RCN oan wicee old ce daca a.) Se Two schooners in the same service. 
Nuevitas: 
Empresa Naviera de Cuba........... Company maintains agency at Nuevitas. Ships make approxi- 
; mately weekly calls at this port. 
Santiago: 
Empresa Naviera de Cuba........... Operates 14 ships in its Habana and Santiago freight and pas- 


senger service. Schedule irregular, depending upon amount 
of cargo offered. From Santiago to Habana via north-coast 
route the ports of call are: Guantanamo, Baracoa, Mayari, 
Antilla, Preston, Felton, Nipe, Banes, Vita, Gibara, Puerto 
} Padre, Chaparra, Manati, Nuevitas, and Caibarien. From 
Santiago to Habana via the south-coast route: Ensenada de 
Mora, Niquero, Manzanillo, Guayabal, Santa Cruz del Sur, 
Jucaro, Tunas de Zaza, Casilda, and Cienfuegos. Company 
also maintains a monthly freight and passenger service from 
Habana to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and to San 
: , z : , Juan and Ponce, Porto Rico, calling at Santiago each way. 

J._S. Webster Steamship Service,| Operates two steamers and one schooner between Santiago and 


Kingston, Jamaica. Kingston. Steamers carry passengers only; schooner carries 
bo ‘passengers and freight. Four trips weekly in each 

* ¥ z | irection. ; 
G. Scott, 39 Broadway, New York.... | Operates two steamers between Santiago and Kingston, Jamaica; 


and Santiago and Aux Cayes, Haiti; with occasional call at 
Port au Prince or some other Haitian port. Service is weekly 
and for passengers only. 


Albert Gretzmer, Kingston, Jamaica.. | Weekly passenger service, with 1 steamer and 2 schooners, 
pen Santiago and Kingston, and Santiago and Aux Cayes, 
aiti. 


ee ee ee ee 


TALE “CUBA REV LEW. 29 


Ports and Companies 


Details of Service 


Lindsay, Swan, Hunter (Ltd.), Kings- 
ton, Jamaica. 


Cuba-Jamaica Steamship Co., San- 
tiago, Cuba. 


Compafiia de Navigacion del Comercio 

Compania Ron Bacardi, Santiago..... 

T. P. Thompson, Bodden, Vandy 

. Sandy, and Chapman (all of Kings- 
ton, Jamaica). 


Isle of Pines: 
Isle of Pines Steamship Co........... 


Empresa Naviera de Cuba........... 


Two-steamer passenger service between Santiago and Kingston, 
and Santiago and Aux Cayes, Haiti. 
biweekly; to Haiti, irregular. 

One-steamer passenger service between Santiago and Kingston, 
Jamaica, and any 
required for booking full load of passengers. 

Coastwise freight and passenger service of 3 steamers to the 
different ports of the island. 

Operates 2 schooners for carrying its own product (Bacardi rum). 
Schedule irregular. 

One motor schooner. 
Santiago and Kingston and other ports of the West Indies 
and the Bahamas. 


Schedule to Kingston, 
Haitian port. Schedule depends upon time 


Freight and passenger service between 


Schedule irregular. 


Operates a freight and passenger service between Jucaro and 
Nueva Gerona (Isle of Pines) and Batabano, Cuba. 
1 ship in operation. 

Operates an occasional ship to Los Indios, Isle of Pines. 


iat 2 Only 
Sailings, triweekly each way. 


Cuban Commerce with Germany 


Consul General Carlton Bailey Hurst, 
Habana, reports that during the fiscal 
year 1919-20, Cuba imported $942,377 
worth of merchandise from Germany, 
while during the previous fiscal year no 
shipments were reported from that country. 
The leading articles imported were as 
follows: 


Articles Value 

Glass and crystal ware...........| $22,150 
Earthenware and porcelain....... 29,138 
Gold, silver and platinum........ 133,686 
Imonwandistecl. occ. cee es 75,726 
Copper and alloys............... 3,823 
Allfothermetals...........5..-2 1,921 
Paints, varnishes and inks....... 3,518 
Chemical products.............. 72,186 
WSSOAD CLC. 5. sec ce eee one 7,870 
Cotton and cotton manufactures .| 35,043 
Other vegetable fibers........... 2,426 
VAVGOL, WENT Cs Ce eee 2,469 
Silk and silk manufactures....... 4911 
Paper and cardboard............ 13,534 
Booksand prints:.......:....-. 1,935 
Wood and manufactures of....... 5,158 
ImsiruIMments:....:.......2+ese: 4,629 
INIGICMIMET Ysa cs Siew selene Goes 42,059 
PMODARAUUSH 56 cH occ eee setlists 326,058 
Beverages and oils.............. 21,043 
PURO LINOT Ie aig ale sic.e Seige 133,094 

“UNG YTEEIL SS Soe oie teies eee 942,377 


Cuba, during the fiscal year 1919-20, 
exported $19,700 worth of merchandise to 
Germany, nothing having been reported 
as sent during the previous fiscal year. 
Imports from Germany began to reach 
Cuba in October, 1919. The following 
table shows the imports from and exports 


to Germany from Cuba during 1919-20, 
by months: 


Months Imports Beponr 
1919 
Octoberke seen sos $356 $175 
November............ 1,431 250 
Decembernn: ice 195,712 10,000 
1920 
Januanyee ee LP On| ete taken aaa! 
ebruarnvanenae see ee 31,320 9,025 
Misc hig sneer se peo 377,438 155 
April DVD |scacoscuc 
INMa viscera eat a USAR) is oocc aero 
RUN C Ras ia eee 81,065 25 
BO tally ees ce 942,377 19,700 


Cuban Telephone Company 


The annual report of the Cuban Tele- 
phone Company showed a gross income for 
1920 of $2,714,258, compared with $2,281,- 
720 the preceding year. After all expenses, 
including depreciation, interest on bonds, 
etc., there was a net operating income of 
$971,826, from which dividends and other 
deductions were made, leaving a final sur- 
plus for the year of $139,275. There was 
an increase in net earnings applicable to 
dividends of $89,249. 

Property accounts and inventories were 
increased by $1,719,175, of which the prin- 
cipal item was $1,090,126 devoted to en- 
largement of the plant. The report showed 
that on December 31 last there were 
33,337 telephones in the island, which have 
since been connected with the United 
States by three submarine telephone cables. 


30 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Trafic Receipts of Cuban Railroads 


Earnings of the Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power Co. 


Month of April: 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 
Gross earnings.......... Seah acsiistaerieh & 9 Cava kia ork $1,062,636 $965,734 $749,743 $663,345 $534,613 
Operating GXNENBlS <6 ccs s kiss San ote aoe 586,324 453,240 367,833 301,377 230,195 
OE CRED ON 5 0 cio 5 ba ae wie eee elie & 0 aya teh $476,312 $512,494 $381,910 $361,968 $304,418 
Miscellaneous income...........0.-.+++65 ay 19,105 6,872 12,641 18,144 11,875 

Grebe Gb MOGI 28 a seo cise ole tee ge mye wee e serve $495,417 $519,366 $394,551 380,112 $316,293 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges.......... 267,415 282,660 235,703 218,867 150,571 

4 Months to April 30th: ‘ 
KSrUMa GANDA. ce cipite ce ek cere eta tse oscars s $4,241,613 $3,641,076 $2,836,512 $2,567,536 $2,131,823 
Operatiig Sxpensee 5. cision os cle ee 2,404,156 1,804,154 1,423,501 1,169,201 908,397 
INGE COTM 3 he te ae eee Deieterente uals Pelz $1,837,457 $1,836,922 $1,413,011 $1,398,335 $1,223,426 
DRGeIANOOUR INCOME! fe ok voce woe oe 919 Siaicls eras 37,454 26,660 32,940 53,701 47,626 

WP eaCal MIG ATI GOI casi ites eaie cinta gwen) se $1,874,911 $1,863,582 $1,445,951 $1,452,036 $1,271,052 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges.......... 957,331 889,386 830,147 807,054 617,818 

Month of May: 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 
Gross earnings: . . ss.) 02ers ea eras $1,100,117 $946,301 $740,304 $685,731 $564,237 
Operating expenses.;.2ae-. oat eee eee 603,541 462,308 352,676 312,501 252,894 
Net earnings... ..... << «<.< nite enereeene serena 496,576 483,993 387,628 373,230 311,343 
Miscellaneous income. « < svc view aie ees 10,235 11,470 19,434 9,656 6,361 

Total net income... .....- sess $506,811 $495,463 $407,062 $382,886 $317,704 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges.......... 282,592 252,827 215,568 221,641 153,818 

6 Months to May 31st: 

Gross earnings... ... <5 .< «+o «susie eens 5,341,730 4,587,377 3,576,815 3,258,267 2,696,060 
Operating expenses...» . 2.) ss) eeaereeene 3,007,697 2,266,462 1,776,177 1,481,702 1,161,292 
Net CATNIDGS, ... . «o's 01 cen eee 2,334,033 2,320,915 1,800,638 1,771,565 1,534,768 
Miscellaneous income... ..... 0 ess «eae ee 47,689 38,130 52,375 63,357 53,987 

Total. net income. ;:. «..c.- «-e tsi eee eee $2,381,722 $2,359,045 $1,853,013 $1,834,922 $1,588,755 

Surplus after deducting fixed charges.......... 1,239,923 1,142,213 761,869 1,028,695 771,686 


Earnings of the United Railways of Havana 


Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 
Meek ending June 18th... 5. > eee eee £88,393 £116,825 
Week ending June 25th..-. ... . 2 see eee 76,957 125,374 
June 26th—June 30th. ...: 2):.5i.2 5 51,742 75,747 
Peweist—July 2d..../050.. . .. 17,030 47,352 
Recemending July Oth. . .. <<< <8 sees ene eae eee 61,787 98,165 
Mvevkaending July 16th... ......:.. Se ey eee eae 58,038 110,600 
Wipcieenainenuly 23d... .....5 cy. eee eee ee ete 57,015 102,607 


Earnings of the Havana Central Railroad Co. 


Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 
Wieeksendinr lined Suing. tan: ora tas ae eee Ta eee # SLPS £15,759 
WMBGIG HCI ARIN GLAU Aa tA ss to.2 Sy Re nyo wc a eee eee 12,323 15,105 
June 26th—June 30th......... PUES eer iy aoa Ota Sine 8,227 7,964 
BURT OME te SR LY rt Nes Pe PM cd) aos 2, 3.5 Wea eae Rapa ake oe 3,958 6,131 
VTE Goa (a Tha reieel 01 h4@19 7s ene Pe er 10,931 13,628 
Wee kgencrrime SEY KOUNB 205 828 5c gioier ss a's ae aseshere erase eeh oe 10,554 13,361 


Ve RE SEPePR (91 DS 75 RR 11,194 12,549 


THO CUBA hE VAIL, W 31 


Sugar Review 
Specially written for THE CUBA REVIEW by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


Since our last review of the sugar market, which was dated June 24th, the Per- 
manent Tariff Bill has been introduced in Congress and has in fact already been passed 
by the House. This bill maintains the same rates on sugar as are now prevailing under 
the Emergency Tariff, say for 96° test sugars, 1.60c. on Cubas and 2c’ per pound on 
full duty sugars. 

CUBA AND THE PERMANENT Tarirr.—The progress of the Permanent Tariff bill is 
given in our Washington telegrams and from which it will be noted that considerable 
criticism and objection has been made to many items in the bill, our advices stating that 
fully one hundred amendments are pending up to this writing. As far as the clause 
allowing the importation of dutiable sugars at a concession of 25% under special con- 
ditions is concerned, we can find no argument in its favor and it is not likely to be passed. 
In the meantime it might be well to consider the high duties assessed in the Permanent 
Tariff bill on sugar. For an Emergency Act the rates named are probably satisfactory, 
but for a Tariff bill that is expected to be in force for some period of time the rates in our 
opinion are too high. For instance, on 96° test Cuban sugar the duty is 1.60c. a pound 
which, based on our present market price of 4?6c. duty paid, makes the duty on Cuban 
sugars 60%, which is too high for a commodity as extensively used as sugar and,actually 
puts sugar in the luxury class as far as duty percentage is concerned. For sugars that 
pay the full tariff rate the percentage is even higher, reaching close to 80% on our present 
basis. Under the old tariff the rates based on present market prices were about 35% 
and 50% respectively. 

There has been considerable negotiation between United States bankers and Cuban 
bankers and Cuban sugar producers and into which negotiations have been brought 
United States Government officials, in order to devise some means that would relieve 
the distressing conditions in Cuba. It seems surprising, but it is nevertheless a fact, that 
while our American bankers and government officials are doing everything possible to 
relieve conditions in Cuba, Congress does just the opposite and increases the duty on 
Cuban sugars 60c. a 100 pounds, thus making it all the more difficult for Cuba to dispose 
of its sugars. The U. S. Government, under what is known as the Platt Amendment, 
is virtually the protector of the Cuban Government and as this Platt Amendment is 
still in force it seems reasonable to expect that the U. 8. Government should exert more 
of an effort to alleviate the extremely bad conditions in Cuba. The wording of the 
Platt Amendment is as follows: 

“Sec. 7679—III. Intervention by United States—That the government of Cuba 
consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation 
of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection 
of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect 
to Cuba imposed by the Treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and 
undertaken by the government of Cuba.”’ 

The change in conditions in Cuba from the very high prices in 1920 to the extremely 
low levels now obtaining throughout the Island has brought about the failure and liquida- 
tion of three of the largest Cuban banks having branches throughout the Island, leaving 
only the branches of the Canadian and American banks able to do business. Naturally 
the sugar estates upon finishing their crops discharged all the laborers who were engaged 
in cutting cane, etc., in thousands of instances leaving these men out of work and 
unable to support their families. Laborers, who in 1920 had been getting $5.00 to $6.00 
a day are now, it is said, willing to work for just enough to obtain sufficient to eat. The 
foreign laborers, such as the Spanish, Jamaicans, and Haitians are entirely destitute and 
are unable to leave the Island for the reason that they have not sufficient funds to engage 
their passage home. All these conditions are causing much worriment to owners of prop- 
erty in Cuba and as the government is also badly in need of funds, practically all sources 


NN 
32 THE CCB A REV Tir. 


I 


for further taxation being limited, some are apprehensive that disturbances will arise 
through unemployment of the people, as in some occasions in the past, for instance 
in 1895. 

Owing to alleged mismanagement of government funds, some well-informed people 
in Cuba are advocating the appointment by the United States of supervisors to take 
charge of the collection of revenues and see to their proper disbursement. Such a plan 
was put into effect in Santo Domingo and continued with success. This, however, 
would bring up an acute political crisis as we believe Cuba would not willingly allow 
the U. S. Government to intervene in their affairs notwithstanding that Cuba agrees to 
intervention by the United States for the protection of life, property, etc., by the terms 
of the Platt Amendment. 

Something ought to be done to take care of the working people throughout the 
Island who are generally badly in need of work and no better way can be found to keep 
the laborers employed than to rehabilitate her industries, particularly the sugar industry. 
In many instances with the winding up of the present crop the laborers have only been 
paid with vouchers which are difficult to turn into money or convert into food. Cuba 
cannot help herself and something should be done and done quickly by the United States 
and it appears that Congress in putting such large duties on Cuban sugars is hindering 
rather than helping out the Island. The proposed rates of duty in the Permanent bill 
will not help Cuba to put her sugar industry on its feet, but cause further uncertainty 
and depression. 

The New York market recently has been one of unusual activity compared to the 
rather limited buying of the past few months. Our recently expressed views that the 
outside sugars, such as Porto Ricos, Philippines and full duties would be insufficient to 
supply the refiners’ needs appears to be confirmed and the Cuban Committee has, since 
we wrote you, again become a seller and has disposed of a considerable quantity of Cubas, 
partly on spot, at 3c. c. & f. equal to 4.61¢. duty paid at which level we quote the market. 
Porto Rico sugars for July shipment are no longer available but August is obtainable at 
slightly higher than the 3c. Cuban parity. 

Our refined sugar market here has followed the advance in the raw market and 
quotations are now maintained on the basis of 5.90c. f. o. b. refinery for Fine Granulated 
by most of our refiners. 

The situation in Cuba is without material change. The stock has reached the high 
point of 1,458,756 tons with eight centrals still grinding. The outlook is for a final 
outturn very close to our estimate of 3,900,000 tons. 

Our domestic cane crop in Louisiana proceeds under generally satisfactory condi- 
tions and the outlook is for a crop in the neighborhood of 210,000 tons of sugar, which 
is a considerable increase over the last crop, but still below normal. 

We have this week issued our first estimate of the American beet crop for 1921-22. 
A considerable fall-off from the large outturn of last season is anticipated as per the 
details below. 

AMERICAN BEET SOWINGS AND PossIBLE YrELD.—First Estimate 1921-22 Crop.— 
The following table gives the estimated maximum and minimum acreage of the sowings 
according to the reports received by us from the factories for the 1921-22 campaign: 


1921-22 1920-21 

No.of Maximum Minimum _ No. of Acreage 

Factories Acreage Acreage Factories Harvested 

RS Ces ol oy oa 5 48,068 41,180 5 47,562 
ET ee ae 17 163,017 141,797 17 149,442 
NE ie: a a 5 71,600 71,526 5 72,296 
Ee ih Ri ea aa 18 220,782 214,393 17. 207,778 
Die GE el elle. Ss 18 113,239 111,501 18 112,080 
a Ue ae 9 53,424 48,082 8 43,335 
California. Od SS es ee 12 130,652 127,621 10 113,681 
6011S 1775 2 a rc aa *15 94,464 86,176 117 96,806 


| 


99 $95,246 $42,276 97 842,980 


ISHOE “CoO BAY EV ACE, W: 33 


*Includes 5 factories in Wisconsin, 3 in Wyoming, and 1 each in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
Minnesota, Kansas, Montana and Washington. 

tIncludes 5 factories in Wisconsin, 3 in Wyoming, 3 in Iowa, and one each in Illinois, 
Indiana, Minnesota, Kansas, Montana and Washington. 


From the above table it will be noted that the maximum acreage planted this cam- 
paign amounts to 895,246 acres with a minimum acreage expected to be harvested by 
the growers of 842,276 acres. These figures are materially below the early estimates of 
last season, but it will be seen that the minimum acreage is practically the same figure 
as that actually harvested in 1920-21, say 842,980 acres. It must be borne in mind how- 
ever, that the question of price obtainable for sugar will be the determining factor in 
the final outturn and with the present low prices prevailing, a further abandonment 
from the minimum figure given in this table appears to us probable. Furthermore, it is 
hardly to be expected that the fine yield obtained last year will be again experienced, 
and hence, taking all things into consideration we are not inclined to look for an outturn 
of sugar this season exceeding 800,000 tons although with favorable weather conditions 
from now on and better prices for sugar, a larger figure based on the above acreage, 
would be entirely within the possibilities. There is however, no likelihood of the crop 
reaching the proportions of 1920-21 when the outturn of sugar amounted to 969,419 tons. 

Several factories are not expected to operate this season, including Waverly and 
Belmond, Iowa. Probably two of the three in Washington will remain closed also. 

Weather conditions in the principal beet growing States have not been quite as 
favorable generally as would be liked. In Ohio the crop at this writing is reported as 
being fair to good with rain needed. Conditions in Michigan are only fair, the weather 
having been dry with some damage caused by the drought, although a few factories in 
the State appear to be in better positions and report good stands. Sixty per cent or 
more of the crop is thinned. Fair conditions are reported from Wisconsin, while in 
Nebraska the situation is normal with no damage by the recent floods. In Colorado, 
weather earlier in the spring was very dry and consequently the seed beds were only fair. 
Early planting and sufficient moisture overcame these deficiencies to some extent, 
however, and while small damage was reported by the floods this spring, the crop may be 
said to be in a normal or slightly below normal condition. Thinning is largely 
accomplished. 

Conditions throughout Utah and Idaho are rather better, being generally reported 
as good, and in Idaho particularly the agriculturalist of one of the large companies writes 
us that stands of beets are the best experienced in that section of the country. Some root 
rot has been reported-but conditions generally in the two states may be said to be satis- 
factory. This company also writes in regard to the labor situation that they are amply 
supplied for their needs. With a little better than 50% of their beet labor composed 
of Mexicans and a few Japs, Russians and Americans, they inform us that they have 
been able to get more local American labor for beet work than has been the case for sev- 
eral years. They are not, however, as satisfactory as the Mexicans, Japs or Russians, 
and will not do this class of work if other work is obtainable. In Wyoming the weather 
during the winter was dry and the spring was by no means ideal, but the crop neverthe- 
less got a fair start. Sowings and yields are below normal in Montana and Washington. 
In California where sugar making is now started, while the weather was rather dry in 
the spring, conditions are now reported as being satisfactory in most instances, with labor 
plentiful. 


New York, N. Y., July 21, 1921. 


United Railways of Havana 
According to press reports the United Railways of Havana have sold an issue of 
approximately $2,000,000 5% non-callable debentures to J. Henry Shroders, in 
London, at 70. The bonds are being offered abroad at approximately 73. 


34 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Revista Azucarera 
Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


Desde nuestra tiltima revista del mercado de azticar, que estaba fechada el 24 de 
junio, fué presentada al Congreso la Ley de la Tarifa Permanente, la cual ya ha sido 
aprobada por la C4mara de Representantes. Esta nueva ley arancelaria conserva los 
mismos derechos para el azticar que rigen ahora bajo la Tarifa de Emergencia, es decir 
por los azticares polarizacién 90 grados 1.60c. en los azticares de Cuba, y 2c. por libra 
en los azticares con todos los derechos. 

Cupa y LA TarrrA PERMANENTE.—Los telegramas que hemos recibido de Wash- 
ington indican el progreso Ilevado a cabo en la Tarifa Permanente, y por los cuales se 
observaré que ha habido mucha critica y objeccién a muchas cléusulas de dicha ley, 
manifestando dichos despachos que al escribir esta resefia hay pendientes como cien 
enmiendas. En lo que se refiere a la cl4usula permitiendo la importacién de azicares 
con derechos con una concesién de 25% bajo condiciones especiales, no podemos hallar 
argumento en su favor, y es probable que no sea aprobada. Entretanto, no estaria de 
mas el considerar los altos derechos impuestos al azicar en la Tarifa Permanente. Como 
una medida de emergencia los derechos mencionados son probablemente satisfactorios, 
pero para una Ley Arancelaria que es de esperarse estar4 en vigor por algun perfodo de 
tiempo, segtin nuestra opinién los derechos son demasiado altos. Por ejemplo, en los 
azticares de Cuba de polarizacién 96 grados los derechos son 1.60c. por libra, lo cual, 
basado en el precio del mercado al presente de 4%c. derechos pagados, hace que los 
derechos en los azticares de Cuba sean un 60%, lo cual es demasiado alto para un articulo 
de primera necesidad tan extensamente usado como es el aztcar, y verdaderamente 
coloca al azvicar en la clase de los articulos de lujo en lo que concierne al promedio en 
los derechos. Por los azticares que pagan todos los derechos de tarifa, el promedio as 
atin mds alto, llegando a muy cerea de 80% de la base actual. Bajo la antigua tarifa 
los derechos basados en los precios del mercado al presente eran aproximadamente 35% 
y 50% respectivamente. 

Ha habido bastantes negociaciones entre los banqueros de los Estados Unidos y 
banqueros cubanos asf como productores de azticar en Cuba, en cuyas negociaciones han 
tomado parte funcionarios del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos con objeto de formular 
medios que aliviaran el estado lamentable en Cuba. Parece extrafo, pero sin embargo 
es un hecho, que mientras los banqueros de los Estados Unidos y los funcionarios del 
Gobierno estan haciendo todo lo posible por aliviar la situacién en Cuba, el Congreso 
americano hace todo lo contrario y aumenta los derechos en los aziicares de Cuba 60c. 
las 100 libras, haciendo asf mds dificultoso para Cuba el poder disponer de sus azticares. 
El Gobierno de los E. U., bajo lo que se conoce por la Enmienda Platt, es verdaderamente 
el protector del Gobierno de Cuba, y como dicha Enmienda Platt esté atin en vigor, 
parece razonable el esperar que el Gobierno de los E. U. hiciera esfuerzos por aliviar el 
estado extremadamente malo por que atraviesa Cuba. Las palabras de la Enmienda 
Platt son como sigue: 

“See. 7679—III. Intervencién por los Estados Unidos—Que el Gobierno de Cuba 
consiente que los Estados Unidos ejerza el derecho de intervenir para conservar la in- 
dependencia de Cuba, el sostenimiento de un gobierno adecuado para la proteccién de 
vidas, propiedades y libertad individual, y para cumplir las obligaciones respecto a Cuba 
impuestas por el Tratado de Paris a los Estados Unidos, ahora asumidas y bajo el cargo 
del Gobierno de Cuba.” 

El cambio en el estado de cosas en Cuba desde los precios tan altos en 1920 al nivel 
tan extremadamente bajo que rige ahora por toda la Isla ha ocasionado la quiebra y 
liquidacién de tres de los bancos mds grandes de Cuba que tenfan sucursales en toda la 
Isla, quedando solamente las sucursales en los bancos del Canada y de los Estados Unidos 
que puedan continuar los negocios. Naturalmente, los centrales al terminar sus zafras 
despidieran todos los trabajadores que estaban empleados en cortar la caiia y en otras 


FEjFLIB (C1GUB A TRIB AY 1018 a7 35 


faenas, y en millares de casos dejando a esos hombres sin trabajo e incapacitados de 
mantener a sus familias. Trabajadores que en 1920 estaban ganando de $5.00 a $6.00 al 
dia, segtin se dice estén dispuestos a trabajar por solamente lo suficiente para poder 
comer. Los trabajadores extranjeros, como los espafioles, jamaicanos y haitianos estén 
enteramente en la indigencia y no pueden salir de Cuba porque no tienen los fondos ne- 
cesarlos para conseguir el pasaje a sus paises. Todas esas cosas estén preocupando mucho 
a los duefios de propiedades en Cuba, y como el Gobierno necesita también dinero, siendo 
practicamente limitados todos los medios para imponer contribuciones, algunas personas 
tienen aprensién de que ocurrirdn disturbios a causa de haber tanta gente sin colocacién, 
como sucedié en el pasado, por ejemplo en el afio 1895. 

Debido al mal manejo de los fondos del gobierno, algunas personas bien informadas 
de Cuba estan aconsejando que los Estados Unidos nombre superintendentes que se 
hagan cargo de la coleccidn de los impuestos y atiendan a su debida distribucién. Tal 
plan se puso en efecto en Santo Domingo y continuéd con éxito. Sin embargo, esto podria 
traer una crisis politica aguda, pues creemos que Cuba no permitirfa voluntariamente a 
que el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos interviniera en sus asuntos a pesar de que Cuba 
accede a la intervencién de los Estados Unidos para proteger vidas, propiedades, etc. 
segun los términos de la Enmienda Platt. 

Debiera hacerse algo para atender a las clases trabajadoras de toda la Isla que 
generalmente tengan necesidad de trabajo, y no puede hacerse cosa mejor para retener 
a los trabajadores en sus empleos que rehabilitar las industrias de Cuba, especialmente 
la industria del azticar. En muchos casos al terminarse la zafra actual los trabajadores 
solamente fueron pagados con vales que son dificiles de redimir en dinero 0 cambiar por 
subsistencias. Cuba no puede ayudarse a sf misma y debiera hacerse algo y pronto por 
los Estado Unidos, y parece que el Congreso al imponer derechos tan altos a los azicares 
de Cuba est4 obstruyendo mds bien que ayudando a la Isla. Los derechos propuestos en 
la tarifa Permanente no ayudardn a Cuba a rehabilitar su industria azucarera, sino a 
causar mayor inseguridad y estrago. 

El mercado de azticar de Nueva York ha sido recientemente de una actividad poco 
acostumbrada comparado con las compras algo limitadas de los tltimos meses. Nuestra 
reciente opinién de que los azticares fuera del dominio del Comité Cubano, tales como 
los de Puerto Rico, de las Filipinas y con todos los derechos no serian suficientes para 
surtir las necesidades de los refinadores parece verse confirmada, y desde nuestra ultima 
revista el Comité Cubano ha vuelto a convertirse en vendedor y ha dado salida a una 
cantidad considerable de azticar de Cuba, parte de ella disponible, a 3c. costo y flete, o 
sea equivalente a 4.61c. derechos pagados, a cuyo precio cotizamos en el mercado. Los 
azicares de Puerto Rico para embarques de julio ya no estén disponibles, pero pueden 
conseguirse para agosto a un precio algo mas alto que los 3c. de la paridad de los azticares 
de Cuba. 

Nuestro mercado del azticar refinado ha seguido el aumento del mercado del azticar 
erudo, y ahora las cotizaciones por la mayor parte de nuestros refinadores se sostienen 
bajo la base de 5.90c. libre a bordo la refinerfa por el azicar fino granulado. 

La situacién en Cuba sigue sin cambio de importancia. Las existencias de aztcar 
han Ilegado a la alta cifra de 1,458,756 toneladas, con ocho centrales atin moliendo la 
cafia. La perspectiva es de una produccién final de muy cerca a nuestro cdlculo de 
3,900,000 toneladas. ‘ 

La cosecha de azticar de cafia de este pais en la Luisiana contintia generalmente 
bajo condiciones satisfactorias, y la perspectiva es de una cosecha alrededor de 210,000 
toneladas de azticar, lo cual es un aumento considerable sobre la cosecha pasada, pero 
atin bajo lo normal. 

Hemos expedido esta semana nuestro primer cdlculo de la cosecha de azticar de 
remolacha para 1921-22. Se anticipa una reduccién considerable de la produccién de 
la pasada estacién, segtin la estadistica que damos a continuacidn. 

SIEMBRAS DE REMOLACHA EN Los Estapos Unrpos y Propucci6N PROBABLE.— 
Primer c4lculo de la cosecha de 1921-22.—La siguiente tabla da un cdlculo del maximo 


LS 


36 THE CUBA REVIEW 


——————————————————————— 


y mfnimo de los acres de terreno sembrados segitin informes que hemos recibido de las 


fabricas de azticar para la estacién de 1921-22: 
1921-22 1920-21 
Niuimero Numero 
de Maximo Minimo de Acres 
Fabrieas de Acres de Acres Fabricas Cosechados 
CiGun Wie ekec se cues SAR a etre 5 48 068 41,180 5 47,562 
BRODIE 5 6:6 wv! sis esis omens 17 163,017 141,797 17 149,442 
NBOYSOND. cc has vo eee ee 5 71,600 71,526 5 72,296 
GAlGTHOO CT econ e cree soe 18 220), 782 214,393 17 207,778 
AGE) Oe MY aces 4 ew 18 113,239 111,501 18 112,080 
ARNO ge A tea oe ta ew eae 9 53,424 48,082 8 43,335 
SATORU ic oo cw Lettre aes ie 130,652 127,621 10 113,681 
Bin Aghs LCs: Oe a ie ae ee #15 94,464 86,176 417 96,806 
99 895,246 842,276 97 842,980 


*Incluye 5 fabricas en Wisconsin, 3 en Wyoming y una en cada uno de los estados de 
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Montana y Washington. 

tIncluye 5 fabricas en Wisconsin, 3 en Wyoming, 3 en Iowa y una en cada uno de los 
estados de Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Kansas, Montana y Washington. 


Por la tabla anterior se observard que el maximo de acres de terreno sembrado esta 
estacién asciende a 895,246 acres, esperando los plantadores que el minimo de acres que 
se cosecharan sera de 842,276. Estas cifras son verdaderamente por bajo de los primeros ~ 
cAlculos de la estacién pasada, pero se verd que el minimo de acres es practicamente de 
las mismas cifras que lo que se coseché en 1920-21, es decir 842,980 acres. Sin embargo, 
hay que tener en cuenta que la cuestién del precio obtenible por el azicar sera lo que ha 
de decidir el rendimiento final, y con los precios bajos que rigen actualmente, las cifras 
respecto al mfnimo dadas en esta tabla nos parece ser cosa probable. Y lo que es mas, 
raramente es de esperarse que vuelva a conseguirse la buena cosecha obtenida el ano 
pasado, y de ahf el que, teniendo en consideracién todas las cosas, no nos inclinamos a 
esperar esta estacién una produecién de azticar que pase de 800,000 toneladas, aunque 
con un tiempo favorable de ahora en adelante y mejores precios por el azticar, habria 
probabilidades de conseguir mayores cifras basadas en los acres de terreno antedichos. 
Sin embargo, no hay probabilidad de que la cosecha llegue a las proporciones de la de 
1920-21, en que la produccién de azticar ascendié a 969,419 toneladas. 

Varias fabricas de azticar no es de esperarse funcionen esta estacién, incluyendo 
Waverly y Belmond, en Iowa. Probablemente dos de las tres en Washington permaneceran 
también cerradas. 

E:] tiempo en los principales Estados productores de remolacha no ha sido tan favor- 
able generalmente como se deseaba. En Ohio al escribir esta revista se nos informa que 
el tiempo esté bastante bueno, necesitandose Iluvia. En Michigan, aunque no hace mal 
tiempo, ha sido seco, habiendo causado algiin perjuicio por la sequia, aunque unas cuantes 
fabricas de azicar en ese Estado parecen estar en mejores condiciones y dan cuenta de 
buenos manojos. El 60 por ciento de la cosecha ya se ha recogido. Del Estado de Wash- 
ington se tienen noticias de que las cosas no van mal, mientras que en Nebraska la sit- 
uacién es normal, sin perjuicio por las recientes inundaciones. En Colorado el tiempo 
al principio de la primavera fué muy seco, y por consiguiente las camas de las semillas 
eran s6lo pasables. Sin embargo, el plantar temprano en la estacién y suficiente humedad 
aminoré ese inconveniente hasta cierto punto, y aunque las inundaciones esta primavera 
ocasionaron algtin dafio, puede decirse que la cosecha esté en un estado normal o poco 
menos de lo normal. 

La situacién por todo el Estado de Utah y Idaho es algo mejor, informando gener- 
almente que la cosecha es buena, y en Idaho particularmente el agricultor de una de 
las Companias més grandes nos ha escrito diciendo que los manojos de remolachas son 
los mejores que se han conocido en esa parte del pais. Se han dado casos de pudrirse 
las raices, pero generalmente el estado de la remolacha en esos dos Estados puede decirse 
que es satisfactorio. Esa Compania también dice que respecto a la cuestién de traba- 


PE, CCB A EY IE VW. 37 


jadores tienen todos los que necesitan para sus requerimientos. Con un poco mas de 50 
por ciento de sus trabajadores en las labores de la remolacha compuesto de mexicanos y 
unos cuantos Japoneses, rusos y americanos, nos dicen haber podido conseguir mds traba- 
jadores americanos de lo que pudieron conseguir durante varios afos. Sin embargo, 
estos no dan tan buen resultado como los mexicanos, japoneses 0 rusos, y no hardn esta 
clase de trabajo si pueden conseguir un trabajo distinto. En Wyoming el tiempo durante 
el invierno fué seco y la primavera no fué ideal en modo alguno, pero sin embargo la re- 
molacha empezé bien. En Montana y en Washington las siembras y el rendimiento 
son por bajo de lo normal. En California, donde se ha empezado ahora a hacer azicar, 
aunque el tiempo fué algo seco en la primavera, segtin informes recibidos todo es satis- 


factorio en la mayor parte de los casos, con abundancia de trabajadores. 


Nueva York, Julio 21, 1921. 


The Permanent Tariff Bill 


The Permanent Tariff Bill was intro- 
duced into the House of Representatives 
by Chairman Fordney of the Ways and 
Means Committee. The rates on sugar 
are the same as in the Emergency Tariff 
Law now in effect. A paragraph was 
added permitting Continental U. 8S. Man- 
ufacturers to import foreign raws for re- 
fining at a concession of 25% from the full 
duty rates. The text of the Bill reads as 
follows: 


SCHEDULE 5.—SuGaAR, MonassEs, AND 
MANUFACTURERS OF 


Par. 501.—Suears, tank bottoms, sirups of 
cane juice, melada, concentrated melada, con- 
crete and concentrated molasses, testing by 
the polariscope not above seventy-five sugar 
degrees, and all mixtures containing sugar and 
water, testing by the polariscope about fifty 
sugar degrees and not above seventy-five 
sugar degrees, 1 16/100 cents per pound, and 
for each additional sugar degree shown by the 
polariscopic test, four one-hundredths of 1 
cent per pound additional, and fractions of a 
degree in proportion. 

Par. 502. Any person manufacturing or 
refining in the United States sugar, testing by 
the polariscope over ninety-nine dezrees, pro- 
duced from beet or cane grown in the conti- 
nental United States, shall for each pound so 
manufactured or refined during any month in 
any State, Territory, or the District of Colum- 
bia, be permitted to import, at any time before 
the exoiration of nine months after the last 
day of such month (for the sole purpose of 
being manufactured or refined by him in such 
State, Territory, or District), two pounds of 
sugar testing by the polariscope not above 
ninety-six degrees, at three-fourths of the rate 
of duty to which such sugar would otherwise 
be subject. The Secretary of the Treasury 
shall make all regulations necessary for the 
enforcement of this para_raph, including the 


taking of bonds to secure compliance with its 
provisions. 

Par. 503. Molasses and sirups testing not 
above 48 per centum total sugars, 1 cent per 
gallon; testing above 48 per centum total 
sugars, two hundred and _ seventy-five one- 
thousandths of 1 cent additional for each per 
centum of total sugars and fractions of a per 
centum in proportion. 

Par. 504. Maple sugar and maple sirup, 
4 cents per pound; dextrose testing not above 
99.7 per centum and dextrose sirup, 11% cents 
per pound. Sugar cane in its natural state, or 
unmanufactured, $1 per ton of two thousand 
pounds; sugar contained in dried sugar cane, 
or In sugar cane in any other than its natural 
state, 75 per centum of the rate of duty applic- 
able to manufactured sugar of like polariscopic 
test. 


Sugar Exports to United States from 
Nuevitas 


The depression in the sugar situation 
in Cuba was quite serious during the first 
half of 1921. Sales and shipments have 
fallen off considerably in volume and prices 
have reached a low mark, approaching 
pre-war figures. Both of the ports of 
Nuevitas—Pastelillo and Puerto Tarafa— 
are stocked to their capacity with sugar 
awaiting shipment. There were 1,371,627 
bags of sugar exported from this district 
during the six months ended June 30, 1921. 
The net weight of this sugar was 445,- 
339,727 pounds, and the value was $20,- 
716,779. During the corresponding period 
of 1920 the shipments to the United States 
201 and having a net weight of 537,947,209 
pounds.—Consul George G. Duffee, 
Nuevitas. 


38 THE CUBA REVILG 


Cable “Turnure” FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of Collection 
and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public and Industrial 
Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection of Drafts, Coupons, 
etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and Letters of Credit on Havana 
and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo 
Domingo, and Central and South America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 


HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank, Ltd. 

(Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: /Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
(Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 


and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size, 2934 X 24. Copyrighted 1918. 
Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


67 Wall Street, New York 


HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


ENGINES, BOILERS AND MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


A. KLING, Prop. 
JAS. $. BOGUE, Supt. MOBILE, ALA. = °"A\Speciarry 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks’” New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 


Engineers, Boiler Makers and Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in All Branches. 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street-—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
Agents for “Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


LichiOk CxO ps Ane 2, Valor Vi 39 


The RoyalBank« Canada 


Founded in 1869 


Paid Up Capital = = $20,350,000.00 
Reserve Funds = = 20,240,000.00 
Total Assets = = 530,000,000.00 


Seven Hundred and Thirty Branches 
Fifty-three in Cuba 


HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL 
LONDON: 2 Bank Building, Princes Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Cataluna 6 
PARIS: 28 Rue du Quatre Septembre 


Correspondents in all the Important 
Cities of the World 


We issue letters of credit to travelers in Dollars, 
Pounds Sterling, and Pesetas. Negotiable with- 
out charge. Savings accounts opened for Deposits 
of One Dollar and up. 


Our direct private wire to New York enables 
us to handle business most expeditiously 


PRINCIPAL BRANCH IN HAVANA 
Aguiar 75, Corner of Obrapia 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 
Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business. 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world. 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


Banco National de Cuba 


According to reliable reports from 
Havana, creditors of the Banco National de 
Cuba, which suspended payments April 11, 
are fully protected. 

Tt is claimed that only a deficit of more 
than $20,000,000 would bring a loss to de- 
positors as the bank which, when it sus- 
pended operations April 11, had assets 
fixed at $68,050,000 and liabilities of 
$57,840,000. 

The Federal Bank Liquidation Com- 
mission has instituted economies which are 


Our established relations with manufac- 
turers and large volume of business 
allow us to quote advantageously on 
all classes of 


RAW MATERIALS 


Chemical Products 
Caustic Soda—Bicarbonate—Soda Ash 
Muriatic Acid—Nitric—Sulphuric Acid 
Oils—Greases—W axes 
Gums—Glues—Dextrines 
Fertilizers 
We also offer a full line of 
Sugar Bleach and Filtering Materials 
Tanners’ Extracts and Oils 
Paints and Preservatives 
Insecticides and Disinfectants 
Essences—Herbs—Condiments 
Drugs and Chemical Specialties 
and all other requirements 


FOR ALL INDUSTRIES 


We feel it will be to your advantage to permit 
us to figure on your requirements when you 
are next in the market. 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 
140 Liberty St., New York 


2 and 4 Muralla, Havana 


Santiago Cienfuegos Camaguey Matanzas 


Porto Rican Representatives: 
UNION COMMERCIAL CORPORATION 
Oficianas Tanca No. 2 San Juan, P. R. 


resulting in a saving of $70,000 a month. 
It is believed that the institution will 
return to normal just as soon as the nation 
itself solves its problems and adjusts itself 
to new conditions. 


Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation 


It is reported that bankers of the Cuba 
Cane Sugar Corporation have completed 
plans for the extension of the acceptance 
credit of the corporation for $8,000,000 due 
Aug. 1, for the acceptance of $5,000,000 due 
Aug. 15, and for the one of $5,000,000 due 
Aug. 17. The renewals will run for ninety 
days, itisreported. Permanent financing to 
retire these acceptances already is receiving 
the attention of the bankers, and it prob- 
ably will aggregate $25,000,000, although 
it is now considered very doubtful that 
there will be a public offering in connec- 
tion with this permanent financing. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


—_—_—_—$_—$_— 


LO THE 


THE 


Crust Zompany of Cuba 


HAVANA 


$500,000 
$900,000 


CAPITAL - - 
SURPLUS era 


TRANSACTS A 
GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 


. Hornsby President 
1 Me ndoza She see eee Vice-President 
Vice-President 

gelio ( arbarait seo an ee een Vice-President 
yerto Mar quez Treasurer 
Salicrup...... Assistant Treasurer 

s Perez Bravo----o . Assistant Treasurer 
scar Carbajal)..... ...:7 see Secretary 
m M. Whitner Manager Real Estate 

and Insurance Depts. 


“HIPPO” 
WATERPROOF 
- BELTING | 4 


GARANTIZAMOS QUE ESTA 
CORREA ES PERFECTA 
POR SU CALIDAD ¥ : 
PRECIO.—EL QUE PRUEBA —— 
VUELVE- : 


= 


GERENTE P.N.PIEDRA.- © > 
din CABLE "PENICOPE” @ 


“TBACHMANNE CO, 
BELTING MANUFACTURERS 


16-18 READE ST. ~~“ NEW YORK,NY. 


CUB. 


REVIEW 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 
constructor de trasbordadores 
superiores 

Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 


bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse info-mes del modelo ‘‘La Victoria.” 


A Weekly Publicatwn of 


International Interest 


It covers every field and phase of the industry 
WRITE FOR SAMPLE COPY 


Subscription - $3.00 Per Year 


Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL STREET 
“Tide, New York” 


Cab‘e Address. 


Jamaica Sugar Loan 


According to a cablegram from Consul 
William W. Heard, at Kingston, Jamaica, 
a loan of £400,000 is proposed by the 
Government of Jamaica in order to prevent 
the collapse of the sugar industry. The 
proposal is for loans to be placed at 8 per 
cent. through a specially created board, 
the Government borrowing at 7 per cent. 
from the local banks, repayment to the 
Government to be secured by first lien 
on property. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


aE Sha CUE DA mle Ee Vale, VE 41 
United Rail f H 
CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 
2 — 
No. 11| No. 1 | No. 7 | No. 5 | No. 3|} No. 9|| = HAVANA No. 2 | No. 8 | No. 6 |No. 10] No. 4|No. 12 
PM|PM;PM;|PM;/AM/AM|]/ 5 AM|AM{;]PM/|]PM/]PM!AM 
10.31 Ae 4.01 | 1.01 |10.01 | 7.01 .||Lv Central Station Ar/} 6.50 | 9.40 | 3.31 | 6.30 | 7.25 | 6.30 
ao Ogos 12.17 | 6.40 | 3.23 |11.54 | 9.25 58||Ar...Matanzas...Lv|} 4.15 | 6.52 | 1.10 | 3.50 | 5.06 |...... 
attra 4.05 | 8.40 | 5.50 | 2.00 |12.37 ||109]|......Cardenas......|}12.05 | 5.00 {10.00 | 1.20 ]......|...... 
PM PM PM |}AM PM 
cee Os00 oocoaell Moe |) Geeve occas Nile soo coosnyeabes NOS Neoct coll Oe Wesee co TO sae ae 
PM 
ce ee rae stats tl iecets ove. 8.35 23,0 ||| eee Caibarien..... 7.25 || ie JUSS IRS, 
AM 
6.00 9.00 180||....Santa Clara... .}/11.00 7.40 Oe eal eine 
PM 
UAllD i] VS crete ceed NERC eer ene Che) acres 195 |eeeee Cienfuegos..... -{11.15 |10.15 
AM PM Si AM|PM 
EE 9.55 see aie |Panwvasers 241||...Sancti Spiritus. ..|| 4.45 » | eesetaole cerns 
PM 
(Lil 336) DOO ais eieveca|eeeeie ce 276||...Ciego de Avila. ..|| 3.45 12.40 
PM AM 
ones 3.10 GOR |r .||840]|.....Camaguey.....|/12.15 O00 |lsocoos sian 
AM AM PM 
Petey ellis QE OMB rs elle te. FH oaotoce INNO sooo ce Sea IDFA OR ee eee onl cena ooe| Sai 
3.45 Ga bil etre Seal evenyeel BBXAll| cs ec Santiago...... 12.01 9.00 
AM PM AM AM 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
* Via Carrefo. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAvANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
Gientuerosieaeeedics 3 os Weos Une es 
SEELOE 025 cafe Ore eRe ERE EO $5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 
(Car barienters + tteriarior cence eros one 
pani CMO sige see Besos + 
AHO) GUILE oe oe aoe ares ae 5.50 4.50 
Gama euleyee hence cee he es eee ee 6.00 5.00 15.00 18.00 
EDO op scat ea ee nea 
LOR @edrovte seis a aA ea no omuas 7.00 6.00 y 
Shino Segecioe Semen ES Aen 8.00 7.00 } 20-00 25700 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
WES. (Gr Wi Sy 
Aa be anee Gein net nO ee o aL Lea IGOR INN ceaoccsacoooscoceccs eNO) 
Batabano we cen eremeet sees. Nozingo IMadiu galas on ctecreeadacroiceenet i 4.25 
LER AITTO sa Se 6 oe Ieee 26.24 Wena. tocdsccaccsoocaoccooson Alale 
Caibanient asec eoee ie LEO Matanzastenamoen seer cei ane one 4.60 
Camarueyer ce sccem os okekeosa 2OLoT Placctas eae iat ee eae eo lone 
@ardenastimmnrre cisco: hea ce eee 7.96 IRNeEmediOS Saran oe eee ne LEO 
(CiecondemAvilaye osc gece TS Ah Sagar oe dee trac ae ical mL OS 
Gientuecoseres ere eee oes) GL2nos SanvAntonio-ssevecnoo citoo ae 1.80 
(CONS Said obo ae DeRoe Deere 8.12 Seimei Goin S.cecoccuscoconsscocee Wail 
Guantanamo eee ere eee LO Shit, (ki soanccococadsopeucadoo UE 
LEG a oso ean cde oS iteta Blo ma ne Waters Santiagordes Cubaseee eee rOU LOS 
Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 110 pounds 


or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS—First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Colén, Union, Sagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


W. T. MEDLEY, Commercial Agent 


ARCHIBALD JACK, General Manager 


HAVANA, CUBA 


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12 THE 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 


PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
“PASSOL” SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD STREET, Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espana. 

INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 


MATANZAS, CUBA 


Established 50 Years 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 
Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


{ 8388 ) 
8389 J 


Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone 0316 Henry Night Call, 2278 Henry 


Shipping Trade a Specialty 


Bowling Green 


THE SNARE AND TRIEST COMPANY 
Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 


Engravers - - Fine Stationery 
RUIZ BUILDING 


O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P.O. Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


CUBA 


REVIEW 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


Cable Address: Kunomale, New York 
Telephone 3300 South 


Box 186 
Maritime Exchange 


YULE & MUNRO 


SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
BOAT BUILDERS, ETC. 


Telephone 
0215 Henry 


No. 9 Summit Street 


Near Atlantic Dock, BROOKLYN 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Lamuer 


MERCADERES No. 5 
HAVANA, CUBA 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either on a 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


F. W. Hvoslef E.C. Day’ R.M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 


Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers 
18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘Benvosco’”’ 


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TE INCU yA mie, Vl We 43 


Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES: 


67 Wall Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


Drexel Building, eet PA. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 
Keyser Building, BALTIMORE, MD. 708 Common Street, NEW ORLEANS, eae 


NEW YORK —Cuba Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 
: New York Antilla Antilla New York 
SAS FINTORIN ANN VAN Bee ee Aug. 27 ‘Aug. 31 Sepia Sept. 7 
Fn OE ee eae ere ae Sept. 10 Sept. 14 Sept. 17 Sept. 21 
7 0 A SR ga a Sept. 24 Sept. 28 Oe 1 @ctuuas 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular sailings as follows: 
Havana....Every Week| Isabela de Sagua. - Every 3 Weeks Guantanamo. Every 3 Weeks 


Matanzas. Every 2 Weeks | Caibarien......... Aveta, 5... 
Cardenas.Every 2 Weeks | Nuevitas.......... ie pra Santiago... Gt | 
Moamnatifers sce ee Certegy age! Cienfuegos. GG Oe 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


A STEAMER—Montevideo-Buenos Aires..............20cceseesceecesetn Semi-monthly 
J SYIMELAIMDE R= By raat atin Sine cee agent oem aceasta a Wri OEE Monthly 


NEW YORK—South America Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 
United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 


PERC OWMEIERIN (CROSS? Gey.) 2 Oe. Sept. 3 
EV IRON: UE CLON (Cin ose iet ee sce bak ss bE ee Sept. 17 
S/S, TSIEN aCe ts et Or Sept. 20 


(c) 1st and 3d class. 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


A STEAMER—Baltimore-Havana ...............---00ee sees Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago ..............--- Every Other Thursday 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


NEW ORLEANS—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New Orleans for Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


44 THE (CUB AWRESV TE WW. 


No. SS-96 
Steel Conveyor 


Chain 


FOR MODERN CANE CONDUCTOR 
INSTALLATIONS 


No. SS-96 was designed particularly 
for use in cane feeder carriers and the 
conductors to the Mills. It is now almost 
universally used in this work. It is the 
effective chain for cane conductors. 


Look for our 


a 


Trade Mark on every link. 
Write for Catalog No. 355. 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 


299 BROADWAY 
NEW YORK CITY 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Direcci6n Telegrafica: 
REAREX” NEW YoRK 169 Broadway, New York, U.S. A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 


: Aqui se ve el grabado de uno de nuestros carros mds modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
- todos tipos y de varias capacidades para uso en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
€jico, con bastidcres y jaulas de madera o de acero. Produccién annual de mds de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA, Representante para Cuba 


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-— THE 


BA REVIEW 


NV 


=» \ 


1921 10 CentsA Co 


Copy 


a 7 


= 


~ 


39 
poem Lhs ti. 


) A Year SEPTEMBER 


$$$ 


2 THRE CUBA REVIEW 
Chuchos o Cambiavias, Ranos o Corazones, 
CRUZAMIENTOS, CABALLETES DE MANIOBRA PARA 
FERROCARRILES, RIELES, &c. 


URANTE mas de 35 afios nuestros Talleres— 

siempre montados a la moderna—se han dedicado 

4 la fabricacién de Rieles, Chuchos, Cruzamien- 

tos y otros Accesorios para los Ferrocarriles 
Americanos, y siempre hemos procurado corresponder a 
las necesidades de nuestros clientes suministrandoles 
materiales de primera al precio mas reducido. 

Nuestra Seccién Técnica esta a disposicion de nuestros 
clientes, y para ayudarnos interpretar debidamente sus 
necesidades y evitar demoras inconvenientes, al pedir 
precios 6 remitir encargos, es sumamente importante nos 
den los detalles correspondientes. 


Sirvase dirigir la correspondencia a 


WEIR FROG COMPANY 


43 Cedar St., New York, E.E. U.U. 
JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente (Direccion cablegrafica: JAMOTLEY, NEWYORK) 


JAMES M. MOTLEY #3 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 


THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 
GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO., LTD. 
THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 


STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 


Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan: Locomotoras 


Carros para cana 

Ruedas para carros 

Rieles y accessorios 

Chuchos y ranas 

Aserraderos 

Calderas 

Maquinas, de vapor y 
de gasolina 

Tanques 

Tornos 


Trapiches y toda clase 
de maquinaria para 
Ingenios de Azucar 


Calentadores de agua 
de alimentacion 
Alambiques para agua 
Madera, pino amarillo 


A solicitud se remiten catalogos y presupuestos. 


Direccion cablegrafica: JAMOTLEY, New York 


(Se usan todas las claves). 


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JE JT (C1 13 Al IBA IIB 3 


HOLBROOK TOWING LINE, Inc. 


W. S. HOLBROOK, Pres. 
Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 


Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Night Phone 
Phone Broad 1105 B i 
Roe 15 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, U.S.A. ise Renee Sin 


WILLETT & GRAY, Brokers and Agents 
came SUGARS =» x» 


REFINED 
82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


e@ 
Guana jay from 5 A. M.to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P. M. 
FARE - - $1.00 


Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guines—— from 5.50 A. M. to7.50 P.M. Last train 11.10 P. M. 
FARE © 20.2%) $1.25 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANA FORTRESS) FROM 
LUZ FERRY, HAVANA, TO 


Regia (eter, erecatrstae ey vee ae rene eh See ONT $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway)............. .II 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry)............ .06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A. M. To Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A. M. to 11 P. M. 


Telephone __ Box 186 
0215 Henry Maritime Exchange 


YULE & MUNRO 
SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
BOAT BUILDERS, ETC. 


John Munro & Son 


Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies 


722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 


No. 9 Summit Street 
Near Atlantic Dock, BROOKLYN 


Cable Addnesse Kunomale, New York 
Telephone 3300 South 


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THE CUBA REVIEW 


Bomba Kinney Para Mieles 


Presién Positiva. Envolos Rotatorios, Sin 
Muelles ni Valvulds. Forrado interiormente 
de Bronce. La Mas econémica para bombear 
liquidos espestos, como mirles, acieites guar- 
apos, etc. Funciona actualmente con el 
mejor éxito en muchos ingenios y refinerifas. 
Capacidades de 50 4 800 galones por minuto. 


Pidanse precios y pormenores 4 


Newell Manufacturing Company 
SINGER BUILDING - NEW YORK 


Agentes para Cuba y la demas Antillas 


Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 
Bm) METALLIC “LION” PACKING. Look for ‘The 
i Thin Red Line’? which runs through all the 
i; Genuine and the “Lion” Brass Trade Mark 
} Labels and Seals attached. 


WRITE FOR 
OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


JAMES WALKER & COMPANY, Ltd. 
46 West Street New York City 


United Railways of Havana 
WESTERN DIVISION 


TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


| 

PM|PM/AM|A) AM | Fare Q A} AM|PM PM/|PM 
2.55 | 1.45 |10.15 | 6.55 | 5.45 | Istcl. |Lv....Cen. Sta... .J 

24 | 3.55 |12.24 5 7.55 |$2.65 |Ar....Artemisa....Ly 
os ae Poa SO SELC 5.19 |Ar...Paso Real... 

oe ae oe D5 5.62 |Ar.. Herradura. . 

56 ; ..+--|10.56 | 7. §.71 |Ar..Pinar del Rio. Ly} 3.2: 

40 } 12.40 |11.45 | 8.83 |: Guane..... Ly 


PM PM|PM PM| AM 


Round Trip Fares from Havana to 


. Rancho Boyeros : 
TROLLEY Arroyo Naranjo........ 25 cts. Santiago de las Vegas. . . .55 cts. 


Calabazar..............30 cts. Rincon 
TRIPS 


Leaving Central Station every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 7.15 P. M., 
and every hour thereafter to 11.15 P. m. 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 
An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 67 Wall Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 
$1.00 Per Year - - - - 10 Cents Single Copy 


ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 


Vol. XIX SEPTEMBER, 1921 No. 10 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page—Monument of Estrada Palma, Santiago de Cuba. 


Frontispiece—Cuban Red Cross Building, Havana, Cuba. 
PAGE 
The Coffee Industry in Cuba, illustrated, by H. O. Neville...... Wey, ee WG. UG 
live V8, 19520; 21, 22, 23) 240255126) 27, 28; 295.30, ol, 32, 33, a4 


Cuban Government Matters: 
Nida trom GhanitablesInsbiiltlonse ao ase oes eases aa cee 


Cupane issromebonthe: Wmibedsis tates qs a sere cuatele eieeh eteictelstearer ae 


hea, (Ciragee Irian ooay deecaceooconosebcur eccusceoce > =o peor oner 


T@eiG! — LNG OR NURS ate aiosie np ino Opinio icici an sas ohne mic Creo i oie alors 
Wireless Telephone Stations.............----++--++--2+--02--e-0-- 


Cuban Merchant Shipping in June, 1921............---+.-+- esse eres 


Department of Commerce Representative for Cuba...........-0.---++--: 


ienvana, Correspondence: 2.22.2 -------- sees eee ee 


evana Racing SCaSOM. . =... 2. = 2.2 eee we Sater eel eee eee 


Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities.........----2. +--+ eee eee esses 34 


Sugar Review, English..........-..2--- 51-22 eee eess cet rt teeter ess é 


Suvar Review, Spamish...- 2... 5: - ce. ew ee se te ee ee 


$$$ 
6 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Cuban Red Cross Building, Havana. 


THE 
CUBA REVIEW. 


NEW YOR 
“ALL ABOUT CUBA” one 
Copyright, 1921, by the Munson Steamship Line GARDEN 


VoLtumE XIX SEPTEMBER, 1921 


NumeBer 10 


Cuban Government Matters 


d 


Red Cross Building 


The Cuban Red Cross building, which 
is one of the most beautiful, as well as one 
of the most modern buildings in the city of 
Havana, represents the new type of archi- 
tecture which is rapidly supplanting the 
old Spanish type now in existence. 

The building is of white marble construc- 
tion throughout and was erected by the 
contracting firm of Purdy & Henderson of 
New York. Located in the downtown dis- 
trict, it is the object of much admiration 
by visiting tourists. 


Cuban Mission. to the United States 


On “August Sth: Secretary: Hughes re- 
ceived a delegation from Cuba which came 
to Washington to confer with: the Senate 
Finance Committee in opposition to the 
sugar and tobacco provisions of the Fordney 
Tariff Bill. The mission was headed by 
Sebastian Gelabert, Secretary of the 
Treasury of Cuba. Other representatives 
of Cuban commerce and industry were 
Manuel Despaigne, administrator of the 
customs house of Havana; Francisco Faura, 
customs house expert; Antonio J. de Ara- 
zoza (acting as sectetary. of the mission), 
financial expert, formerly assistant secre- 
tary of commerce; Aurelio Portuondo, 
Marcelino E. Caule, Ladislao Mendez, Luis 
F. de Cardenas, Carlos M. . Alzugaray, 
representing the: Chamber. of Commerce, 
Association of Merchants, Union=of To- 
baeco Manufacturers, Tobaeco:ileaf, Ex- 


porters’ Association, 
mill owners. 

The members of the mission are hopeful 
that, as a result of the data which they are 
now preparing to submit to the State De- 
partment, the approval of the United States 
Government will be given for the flotation 
of a loan for $50,000,000 in this country. 
Under. the: Platt amendment the United 
States has the authority to approve or re- 
ject plans for any foreign loan when the 
revenues of the Island Republic are not suf- 
ficient to balance expenditures. 


sugar growers and 


Road Repairs 


The Government has voted a credit of 
50,000 pesos per month for the reconstruc- 
tion of the road between Matanzas and 
Cardenas. 


Aid to Charitable Institutions 


By presidential decree the sum of 95,494 
pesos has been appropriated for the Boys’ 
Reform School and various hospitals in dif- 
ferent parts of the Republic. 


Wireless Telephone Stations 


It is reported that a company of Cai- 
barien has been authorized to install a wire- 
less telephone system in Caibarien, Cayo 
Frances and Punta de San Juan, erecting 
a station in each place. 


8 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Havana Correspondence 
August 20th, 1921. 


Sucar: Four more mills, “Baguanos,” ‘Cacocum,” ‘Isobet”’ and “Los Canos” 
in Oriente Province, ceased grinding during the month of August, leaving but six Centrals 
now in operation. These mills are Centrals “Preston” of Antilla, “Delicias”’ of Puerto 
Padre, “Palma” of Santiago de Cuba, “ Boston” of Banes, and ‘‘Santa Lucia” of Gibara. 
The total number of mills now closed for the present grinding season is 193, and the 
number of bags of sugar produced by these mills during the season has been approxi- 
mately 25,028,976. 

Recommendation has been made to Congress by the committee appointed by the 
President to study the economic situation, that a bill be passed by Congress, the object 
of which would be to reduce the sugar crop next season and to provide financial aid for 
the much harassed sugar growers and colonia owners. It is believed that it will not be 
necessary for Congress to take any action for devising means of a future crop reduction 
as there is no question but that the next season’s crop will be far below that of this season, 
owing to the lack of funds with which to improve new lands and for the purchase of 
necessary machinery for harvesting the crop. Just to what extent the next crop will be 
diminished is problematical, but doubtless there will be considerable decrease. 

Recently quite a stir was experienced by the rumor of an apparent offer from the 
German Government, received through diplomatic channels, announcing its willingness 
to purchase a million tons of sugar. This announcement, however, was never taken seri- 
ously by well-informed sugar interests, as doubt of the ability of the German interests 
to finance so large a commercial transaction was expressed and because of the fact that 
any negotiations would necessarily have to be of a cash nature by reason of the present 
financial standing of the German Government. 

That Europe will offer a market for the outlet of the surplus sugar crop of next 
season is generally believed, the amount which will be consumed, of course, depending 
largely upon the progress of reconstruction which will take place in the meantime as well 
as to what extent Cuban sugar planters may be in a position to extend credits. 

The entire attention of the financial and sugar interests is centered at present on 
the probable outcome of the negotiations pending between the Cuban Government and. 
financial interests in the United States for a loan. The amount of the loan and the basis 
on which it will be made are not as yet known but it is generally thought that it will take 
the form of a government short term bond issue. There has been considerable discussion 
as to the feasibility of floating a local issue of 6% bonds for the retirement of the Republic’s 
floating debit, but in view of the financial conditions existing in Cuba at present it is 
extremely doubtful if even a small bond issue could be successfully absorbed. 

Now that the grinding season is over, with the exception of the Centrals previously 
mentioned, the condition of the imported laborers is extremely pitiable, many hundreds 
of them being without shelter or food and wandering about the country begging for alms. 
The Spanish Consul has already sent several thousand stranded immigrants from Spain 
back to their homes, but as yet no provision has been made for the suffering and stranded 
Haitians, Chinese and Jamaicans by their respective government representatives in 
Cuba. It is impossible for these men to find employment in any other lines of work due 
to the industrial depression which has thrown thousands of skilled and unskilled laborers 
out of employment in almost every line of work; nor are there any present indications of 
an early return to normal conditions. 

The various sugar mills of all sizes still continue to suffer from the effects of the 
depression and many changes of management are taking place as a result of inability to 
meet outstanding obligations. Two large sugar Centrals, the ““Mapos” and “Guira de 
Melena”’ have recently been sold at auction by the Trust Company of Cuba. Another 
large financial institution has found it necessary to take over between fifty and sixty 


TCE. COCR A Stes VA EW, 9 


mills since the advent of the moratorium and a subsidiary corporation has been formed 
for the operation of these mills until such time as they can again be placed on the market 
and sold at a price which will enable the banks to realize the money loaned on the high 
valuation in effect at the time these loans were made. 


FINANCIAL Situation: No definite action tending to relieve the acute financial 
situation which exists and which has existed for several months has as yet been taken, 
although numerous measures of relief and plans of action are under consideration and 
advisement by the President and the legislature. 

Great interest is being manifested in the commission, recently appointed by President 
Zayas, which is now in Washington conferring with the Administration and Congress 
with reference to tariff reciprocity and the financial affairs of Cuba. The commission is 
headed by Secretary of the Treasury Gelabert and is composed of the foremost bankers, 
merchants and “Hacendados” and thoroughly enjoys the confidence of the Cubans, 
who feel that the members of the commission, due to their familiarity with the present 
urgent needs of Cuba, will present their case in such a convincing way as to secure the 
much needed aid. In a recent report submitted by the Secretary of the Treasury Gela- 
bert to the President, the total amount of bonded indebtedness of the Republic is shown 
as being approximately $86,000,000.00, added to which there exists a floating debt of 
$50,000,000.00, making the total indebtedness $136,000,000.00, or $13.00 per capita. 
An interior loan of $50,000,000.00 has been discussed to meet the present deficit of 
the government. We believe such action is extremely doubtful, however. 


Evidence of criminal manipulation in the handling of funds by persons connected 
with the defunct banking institutions are coming to light from time to time and two ar- 
rests have already been made, the case in question involving over $200,000.00. There 
is little doubt in the minds of many people connected with banking institutions through- 
out the Island as to their having been numerous illegitimate financial transactions, but 
whether or not sufficient evidence can be secured against the guilty parties is not known 
at this time. The Liquidation Committee is still working on the books and accounts of 
the various institutions which failed during the moratorium period and until they have 
completed their work and made their final report, it will not be possible to state to what 
extent this Juggling of funds has occurred. It is the general consensus of opinion that if 
a vigorous plan of prosecution were instituted against those parties guilty of fraud and 
dishonesty in connection with these banks, it would be of great value in negotiating the 
pending loan in the United States, as financial interests there are prone to look with sus- 
picion upon Cuban financial institutions in view of the laxity of the enforcement of the 
present banking laws. 

Suggestion has been made that a financial advisor be appointed by the United States 
Government, whose duties would be to assist the Cuban Government in financial matters 
and exercise a certain amount of supervision over the expenditure of funds, but this sug- 
gestion has not been received with favor on the part of the Cuban Government officials, 
it is stated. Another plan which has been mentioned here of late is that the United States 
Government appoint a Minister to Cuba possessing financial training and qualified to 
act as an informal advisor to the Cuban Government on financial matters. All indications 
point to the absolute necessity of some sort of supervision of any loan which may be made 
and there is little doubt but that such a supervision will be demanded before any large 
sum of money can be secured. 

Several meetings have been held at the office of the Cuban Legation in Washington 
by the Commercial Mission now in that Capital, and complete data has been gathered 
for presentation to the State Department in Washington relative to the proposed tariffs 
for Cuban products. It is expected that this Commission and the State Department will 
be able to arrive at some mutual understanding and that their recommendations to Con- 
gress will receive favorable consideration by that body in framing the new tariff laws. 

Pourrrcat News: Congress, which has been in continuous session since having 
been specially convened by President Zayas shortly after his inauguration, is at present 
deeply engrossed in trying to solve the problems of finances, taxes, unemployment and 


—_—_nr CC LL 


10 THRE«CUBA HEV LEY 


the framing of new tariff legislation. Numerous bills are before both houses covering all 
these matters of vital importance to the future of the Republic. 

Owing to the decrease in revenue derived from customs receipts, due to the continued 
financial depression and the consequent lessened consumption of goods, the moneys or- 
dinarily received from this source have diminished considerably as the following figures 
issued by Consul-General Hurst show: 


Havana Customs Receipts for June, 1920... 00.65... eee eee e $4,323,706 
Havana Customs Receipts for Jume, 1921................ se eceeee 2,310,208 
Havana Customs Receipts for July, 1920..................-0.005. 3,746,096 
Havana Customs Recempie tor July, 1921... 2. a ee ee eee 2,180,283 


In view of this condition, Congress, it is expected, will find it necessary to pass a new 
tariff law raising the duties on many articles in order to provide additional revenue, the 
articles in question being mainly those of the nature of luxuries. 

The questions of housing, and high rents now prevailing throughout the country are 
also being considered and some law tending to eliminate the profiteering existent among 
landlords will be enacted in the near future, it is thought. This question is one that 
should be settled as soon as possible as the high rents now in effect are the cause of much 
suffering among the poor people. The question of railroad rates is also one that is down 
upon the legislative program for early action, present rates in effect being prohibitive. 
A strong demand for a substantial reduction is being voiced by consumers and producers 
alike. 

Lasor: Threats of a nationwide strike as a result of the recent intimation on the 
part of various Government Departments to reduce the wages of ordinary labor to $2.00 
per day, are adding further complications to an already serious condition. The contention 
of the laborers, however, is not entirely without justification, as they contend that they 
would be perfectly willing to take this reduction provided all salaries were cut in like pro- 
portion, but they do not relish the idea of being the only ones compelled to suffer in order 
that the desired retrenchment policies may be carried out. 

At this time with thousands of unemployed, any such action, it would seem, would 
be extremely inadvisable and untimely, and would only tend to increase the suffering 
which already has reached a stage where some action must soon be taken by the govern- 
ment. Labor of all classes continues to refuse to recognize the necessity for a reduction 
of wages before normal conditions can be restored and the sooner recognition is taken of 
the fact that wages must come down before the cost of living can be materially reduced, 
the better it will be for all concerned. 

The administration is doing its utmost to assist the unemployed by providing 
government work of various kinds, and the building of the national highway at this time, 
in spite of precarious condition of finances, is being done mainly for the purpose of pro- 
viding employment to labor at a time when such employment is most needed. 

First Lapy or tHE Land CELEBRATES Her Sarnt’s Day: On August 16th Sra. 
Maria Jaen de Zayas, wife of President Zayas, celebrated her Saint’s day, as is the gen- 
eral custom in Cuba. The reception rooms of the presidential palace were thronged with 
well wishers and friends of the First Lady of the Land, during all hours of the day, and 
hundreds of valuable presents were received by Sefiora de Zayas. Dr. Zayas presented 
his wife with $10,000, and Sra. de Zayas’ daughter, Sefiorita Maria Gomez Colon, who 
celebrated her Saint’s day jointly with her mother, was also the recipient of many beau- 
tiful and valuable presents. 

EMBARGO TO BE LirreD ON CuBAN Suips Hetp in Germany: It is reported 
that the Secretary of the Treasury has ordered payment to be made to the German 
shipyards of the eight million marks charged for repairs made to the Cuban steamers 

Marti,” “Maceo” and “Maximo Gomez” which are at the present time under embargo 
pending payment of this amount. The eight million marks, equivalent to $108,000.00 
have been forwarded to Germany through the banking house of H. Upmann and will 


THE AC LOEB AS aR EV. IB W. 11 


eventually be reimbursed to the Cuban Government by the Compafiia Naviera ‘‘Ouba,” 
which concern has these three ships under charter. 


NuMBER OF PAacKAGES REMOVED FROM Havana WuHaArves Durine A Day: The 
following figures showing the number of packages extracted from the different wharves 
in Havana harbor during one day of last week would tend to demonstrate that activity 
in this direction is still considerable: + 


@emenaleWihamvesty sircy tice) coe ees pel re ae, 1,027 
DANSLRAN CISCOM ease Aerio gore aie onc eee ee alte ee 6,737 
INL KO cute), NW Aava wit Sue ae ates ees cat aa taeeetrin ed 8,270 
peer pa Wile ipiee are tte oe eo ee Ante eo see UR oe 1,361 
ta nameap@ Cintirellere pis Me tera a nck eke hea eae 4,904 
Dae OSCRV AMAT CR peer ees eerie oor een alee. IS haa 6,807 
Weel planer errr tele: open esr ys orc tlc an Sl eone ee 2,750 
PACES CINE Renee ees cat amin joes ng eausth ae akan sth: Re men ae 3,879 
PACA CSA VAIN ED Ta Losec spe eater ae a cn (oar aN ha ci peg EA 55 
BRO m ne ears An een La wana uate Men tees 3 ONO OR PACKAGES 


Miami Heratp Opens AcEency In Havana: Circulation Manager Harper of 
the Miami Herald after several days’ sojourn in Cuba decided to open an agency and 
news bureau here, saying that it is his opinion that more and more American tourists 
will continue visiting Cuba each winter. Closer contact between the two cities will be 
afforded when the recently announced schedule of two boats a day by the P. and-O. 
Steamship Company, between Key West and Havana, is inaugaurated which it is be- 
lieved will be augmented by a direct Miami to Havana sailing when the tourist season 
opens. oar 
American HospiraLn Puans Reyivep: The much discussed Anglo-Saxon Hos- 
pital project which has met with so many setbacks owing to the financial situation, prom- 
ises at last.to be under way towards final completion. A suitable building site has been 
secured and there are funds on hand, together with the guarantees to warrant carrying 
out the original plans of the building committee. The Board of Directors has been in- 
creased from five to twenty, and is composed of the leading business men of the city, all 
of whom are doing their utmost to bring about an early materialization of the plans origin- 
ally proposed when the need of such an institution was first felt. 

Heavy Tourist Season 18 Prepicrep: Next winter promises to be one of the 
heaviest in tourist travel ever experienced according to predictions of numerous steamship 
officials who have been in Havana on business trips during the past few weeks. 

AnnuaL Yacut Races To BE Hetp at VARADERO: The annual yacht races for 
the Cuban Cup to be held at Varadero on Sunday, August 21st, promise to be among the 
most successful races ever held and as usual will be one of the most important 
social events of the season, attracting sportsmen from all parts of the Island as well 
as nearby cities in the States. President Zayas and party will sail from Havana the pre- 
vious day on the President’s yacht ‘‘Hatuey” and special excursions by rail and water 
are scheduled from all portions of Cuba. Among the contending clubs are the following: 


Vedado Tennis Club 

Havana Yacht Club 
Association de Dependientes 
Club Nautico Varadero 
Cienfuegos Yacht Club 


In addition to the yacht race for the Cuba Cup, water sports of all kinds will be 
staged, including the national swimming contest for the championship of Cuba. 
Economic Expert AssiGNep To Cusa: Announcement has just been made of 


the assignment of Mr. John Risley Putnam to the American Consulate General's office 
here. It is thought that this recognition by the Government at Washington of the impor- 


12 THE CUBA REVIEW 


tance of trade relations between the two countries will be of immense benefit, especially 
in view of Mr. Putnam’s many years of experience in Latin-American countries previous 
to his present assignment in Cuba. 

Mip-pay Cius ro Apmit Lapies: The ‘Equal Rights’ movement was given 
quite an impetus when the exclusive Mid-day Luncheon Club, which has very beautiful 
and commodious accommodations on the top floor of the Royal Bank of Canada Build- 
ing, recently announced that ladies would be admitted hereafter on Wednesday of each 
week. This innovation promises to become a very popular institution, especially among 
the younger members of the club. 

CapraIN STAPLETON RETURNS FROM Rotary CONVENTION: Capt. C. H. Stapleton, 
General Manager of the Havana Coal Company, has returned to Havana after a three 
months’ absence in Europe during which time he attended the National Rotary Club 
Convention in Scotland, where he presented the Edinburgh Rotary Club with a beautiful 
silk Cuban flag. 

FLorma Boy Scouts Visir Cusa: Visiting delegations of Florida Boy Scouts 
had a most enjoyable time during their stay in Havana. They were entertained by the 
local Y, M. C. A. and other organizations and were personally received by President 
Zayas at the presidential palace, this reception having been arranged for by Colonel 


Hobson, the U. 8. Military attache. 


Department of Commerce Representa- 
tive for Cuba 


Chester Lloyd Jones, of Orange, N. J., 
has been appointed acting American com- 
mercial attaché to Cuba. He will make 
his headquarters with General Crowder in 
Habana. This is the first time the De- 
partment of Commerce has been repre- 
sented in Cuba, the best market for Ameri- 
can goods in all of Latin America. 

Mr. Jones represented the Department of 
Commerce in Spain as commercial attaché 
in 1919. His educational training and ex- 
perience includes the University of Wis- 
consin (B. L.), University of Pennsylvania 
(Ph. D.), University of Berlin and the Uni- 
versity of Madrid. In 1914 he was a mem- 
ber of the educational commission visiting 
Latin-American universities; he spent 1917 
studying Mexican commerce and industry. 
In 1918 he was director of the United States 
Bureau of Foreign Agents of the War Trade 
Board; 1920-21 he was employed as trade 
adviser and director of C. Tennant Sons & 
Co., of New York City. 

Mr. Jones has traveled extensively in 
Europe, South America, Mexico and the 
Caribbean; he has devoted much time to 
study of Latin-American commerce; he is 
the author of “The Consular Service of 
the United States,” ‘Statute Law Making 
in the United States,” “Caribbean Inter- 
ests of the United States,” ete. 

Mr. Jones will devote his time in Cuba 
to the development of American trade, and 


Department of Commerce officials feel that 
the presence of an American of Mr. Jones’s 
ability and training in Cuba at this time 
will be a decided benefit to both countries 
in the development of mutually profitable 
business relations. 


Havana Racing Season 

The Cuban-American Jockey Club has 
arranged to give $110,000 added money in 
stakes during the coming winter meeting 
at Oriental Park, Havana. Plans for the 
season were decided upon by Thomas 
Monahan, who has succeeded Charles A. 
Stoneham as president of the association, 
Frank J. Bruen, general manager of the 
track, and Martin Nathanson, racing secre- 
tary. No purse will be less than $700, 
and a majority of the daily purses will 
range from $800 to $1,500. One hundred 
or more days of racing have been provided 
for, and everything points to a successful 
season. 

The big stakes of the meeting will be the 
Grand Prize of Cuba and the Cuban Derby, 
each at a mile and one-eighth and each for 
$15,000 added. There are two stakes of 
$10,000 each for Cuban-bred horses, and 
the same amount is offered for the Grand 
National Handicap, an event for horses 
of allages. In addition to the stakes above 
mentioned there are a number of $5,000, 
$3,000 and $2,000 events on the program. 
Entries for these events will close on No- 
vember 2d. ta 


IHC, (CU BA hee VL EW. 13 


Typical Landscape in Coffee District of Pinar del Rio Province. 


The Coffee Industry in Cuba 


By H. O. Neville 


We have no doubt that many interesting and some highly amusing occurrences would 
be brought to light could we know of the beginning of practices which, through con- 
tinued repetition, have become customs among the peoples of the world. Upon thinking 
of the use of coffee, considered as it is the national drink of Cuba, and of its widespread 
employment among practically all the people of the world, the writer could but express 
his wonder as to how the practice started and who was the first to drink it. The result 
was a rather amusing reply giving the story of a goat herder in a country where coffee was 
native, who noticed the difference in the disposition and activity of his goats in the after- 
noon upon returning to their corrals, where they were kept for the night, and the same 
characteristics in the morning after passing the night without nourishment. As this 
particular goat herder had been keeping goats for a long time in other localities and had 
not noticed any such remarkable change due to the day’s feeding, his curiosity was excited, 
and following them one day he observed them eating bountifully of the leaves of a certain 
plant upon which there were at the time a goodly crop of berries. His curiosity prompted 
him to take some of the leaves and eat them himself, and the mild stimulant contained 
in them prompted further investigation, with the result that he found the seeds of the 
berries to contain the exhilarating substance found in the leaves, though to a very much 
greater extent. As my informant put it, the fact that the goats, usually rather serious 
and sober animals, returned in the afternoon from their feeding “full of pep and vigor,” 
was the cause of the discovery of the qualities of coffee which have caused it to become an 
almost universal beverage. 

Be this as it may, in Cuba it is the national drink. The traveler throughout the 
country districts of the Island stopping at the lowliest and most humble shacks no matter 
where situated, will almost invariably be presented with a cup of freshly made, hot, black, 


IV 


’ 
a 
4 


VIE 


’ 
’ 
4 


I 


CUBA -R 


’ 
4 


THE 


to Receive Coffee Trees, Pinar del Rio Province. 


Ground Ready 


New 


Coffee Seed Bed Just Formed, Protected from Wind by Pigeon Pea Bushes, Pinar del Rio Province. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 15 


exhilarating coffee. In the writer’s own experience in the Island during which at one time 
he managed a tobacco plantation covering a very large area in which this product was 
grown on the share system by over one hundred families located throughout the property, 
and in his daily rounds, he hardly remembers the time when visiting one of these families 
to direct the work or to investigate conditions, when this ever-ready drink was not offered 
him. In the towns and cities visits to the homes are not followed by the same experience, 
except when one is a rather intimate friend of the family, but in all the cafes and res- 
taurants, in fact, wherever drinks of any kind are served, coffee is always ‘‘on tap” and 
to be had for the asking. Moreover, the liquid served is true coffee, used in that limited 
sense of the term which means coffee prepared in the very best manner from the green 
berry, freshly roasted as only the true lovers of coffee coming from ancestors long trained 
in the art of roasting coffee know how to perform this, freshly ground for immediate use, 
and made, not by boiling but by merely passing the boiling water through the very finely 
ground bean, with also a limitation of the quantity of water, so that the coffee when 
finally made is thick and heavy—a delight to the true lover of this drink when well made. 


In practically all regions where coffee is produced, the plantations are made among 
hills and nearly always an altitude of 1,200 feet or more above sea level is chosen, as it is 
believed that coffee produced at such heights has a better flavor and aroma than the 
product of lower altitudes. Following this practice, the production of coffee in Cuba is 
necessarily limited to three districts in which hills are found, these being the northern 
half of Pinar del Rio Province, the southern portion of Santa Clara Province, and Oriente 
Province, especially the south eastern and southern portions. As the center of the coffee 
interests of Pinar del Rio Province, Candelaria can be taken; as the seat of the industry in 
Santa Clara Province, Trinidad may be considered; and as the cities of most importance 
from which come the funds needed in the coffee industry of Oriente, may be taken San- 
tiago and Guantanamo, minor centers being La Maya and Palma Soriano. Of the three 
regions, that of Oriente Province is by far the most important, its product being at 
least six times that of both the Trinidad and Pinar del Rfo sections. It is stated that at the 
present time the Island produces in the neighborhood of 300,000 quintales, or 30,000,000 
pounds per year of coffee of all grades and classes. This, however, is not sufficient to 
supply the home demand, resulting in considerable importation of which details are given 
later on in this article. 

The supremacy of Oriente Province in this industry in relation to Cuba is the natural 
result of the history of the establishment thereof in the Island, and of the greater area of 
appropriate lands available therefor in this district. History tells us that in the latter 
years of the 18th Century and the beginning of the 19th as a result of a rebellion in Santo 
Domingo and Haiti, a considerable number of French refugees, coffee growers of that 
Island, came to Cuba, landing in the southern portion of Oriente Province. Here the 
adaptability of the region to the continuation of their vocation in the country from which 
they had just come appealed to them, resulting in the establishment of coffee and cacao 
plantations which yearly increased in importance. Naturally, in later years, the attention 
of the inhabitants of other similar regions in Cuba was attracted to the profits derived by 
these people in Oriente, and as the long continued life of the coffee and cacao plantations 
naturally appeals to an ease-loving and rather slothful people such as are our native 
Cubans, examination into the industry was made, with the result that plantings and 
plantations were established in the Trinidad hills and in those of Pinar del Rio. In all 
three of these sections, though accompanied by its ups and downs, the result of compe- 
tition with cheaper coffee when Cuba’s product was unprotected by high duties as at 
present, and also of the competition of other crops, such as sugar cane, during periods of 
satisfactory profits from their production, and, in the case of the Pinar del Rio district, 
the result of the many cyclones passing over the coffee groves from 1906 to 1910, the area 
planted to coffee has either increased or relatively held its own. The quantity produced, 
of course, is varied from year to year with the character of the season and the normal 
variability in production per acre, but for many years past a very considerable percentage 
of the coffee consumed in the Island has been the product of its native groves. 


16 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Heavily Fruited Coffee Tree, Oriente Province. 


Well Developed Young Coffee Bush, Showing “Berries.” 


Jt Jel 10) CO 183 Bl TRIB EIB; LY 17 


Coffee is known to be a lover of rather deep fertile soils containing a sufficient quantity 
of vegetable matter so as to be highly retentive of moisture, yet capable of either excellent 
artificial drainage or naturally well drained. The tree is also a lover of that moist humid 
condition of atmosphere and surface soil which is the result of either partial or fairly com- 
plete shade. These conditions are found among all the hill areas of Cuba. A number of 
different kinds of soil varying from a rather heavy clay to the much preferred sandy clay 
loam have been used for coffee production in Cuba, and all have given fairly good results. 
Experience has shown, however, that the deep clay loam situated in the valleys lying 
between the hills of the three coffee districts of Cuba is the soil to be sought when heavy 
producing, long lived, healthy coffee trees are to be grown. The majority of the soils 
upon which coffee is grown here are dark in color, bordering upon black, although in some 
districts the red hill soils are used, and at one time a very considerable coffee industry was 
situated upon the red, level lands covering the western portions of Havana Province and 
the eastern part of Pinar del Rio, with Artemisa and Bainoa as centers. The coffee 
plantations were at that time divided into small groves by means of rows of royal palms, 
and these are still visible as the traveler goes toward Pinar del Rio or Matanzas on the 
railroad lines diverging from Havana. Sugar cane and pineapples, however, have taken 
the place of coffee in this district. As an exception to the general run of lands upon which 
coffee is produced here, can be cited a small area of grayish-white soil located in the 
Yateras district of south-central Oriente Province, the groves on which have proved to be 
among the longest lived and heaviest yielding of the Island. Explanation has been sought 
of the extremely favorable results secured in this soil, and further interest has been excited 
on account of the fact that bodies of land apparently precisely similarly located on the 
southern slopes of the mountains of the same Province have proved absolutely valueless 
for coffee production, but up to the present time no satisfactory explanation has been 
obtained of the peculiar value of the soil in this particular locality. 


Coffee is never planted upon anything but virgin soil, and by virgin soil in Cuba is 
understood only that which is covered by forest; the higher the trees, the greater their 
diameter, the more thickly they are distributed over the ground and the heavier the mass 
of underbrush and shrubbery growing between, the better is the soil regarded and the 
more lasting is its fertility. The first step, therefore, in the planting of a coffee grove 
is, naturally, the felling of the forest covering the ground which is going to be used. 
This is done to various degrees. Inasmuch as coffee is believed to require more or less 
shade for its protection and fullest development, in some instances only the underbrush 
and smallest trees in the forest are removed, these being piled in rows sufficiently far 
apart so as not to interfere too greatly with the planting of the young coffee bushes, 
and in the shade furnished by the remaining forest the coffee is planted. This custom, 
however, is by no means as prevalent as is that of felling the entire forest, the trees and 
brush thus cut down being left to dry for a sufficient time so as to burn fairly completely, 
the smaller trees and whatever brush remains being then piled in windrows, leaving only 
the larger, heavier trunks on the ground. These remain there, and in the course of years 
decay, affording a certain amount of humus and always conserving humidity in the soil 
immediately under and around them. 

In the land thus prepared plantings are made, in the case of large areas the fresh 
coffee bean itself being used as seed, while in smaller areas where the number of plants 
required is not great, young coffee plants themselves are used with which to establish 
the plantations. In many instances these young plants are obtained in old coffee plan- 
tations where the berries have fallen to the ground and have sprouted of their own 
accord, but among the more progressive planters seed beds are established, only selected 
berries from trees whose productivity has been demonstrated during preceding years 
being used from which to grow the seedlings. The preparation of a seed bed is a matter 
of some care. The soil itself should be deep and friable, and should be well forked over, 
thus providing at least a foot of well-worked, finely subdivided earth in which the young 
plants can develop readily their root systems. In the ground thus prepared, the fresh 
coffee berries are planted, covered lightly with fine soil, and, if possible, means of watering 


nn  —————— 
18 THE COBA LEY LE 


Well Cared For Coffee Plantation, Showing “Pinon” Trees Used for Shade, Pinar del Rio Province. 


Small Coffee Grove for Home Production, Calimete, Matanzas Province. 


Edel I0; GUTS TRIE BY 19 


should be available. The seed can be sown quite thickly in these beds, in which case 
when the young plants have reached the age of six to eight months they can be 
removed, care being taken not to break the tap root, and transplanted to another larger 
area of well prepared soil, there being placed in rows about six inches apart in the row 
and with rows twelve to eighteen inckes apart—here to be left till the plant has reached 
the age of eighteen to twenty months. At this time the young plants will have from 
three to four pairs of leaves, and will be ready for transplanting to their final position 
in the coffee plantation being made. 

The distance at which the young plants should be placed in the final plantation is 
one which has been the cause of considerable discussion among our growers. Theory 
indicates that the greater the distance between the trees the more room will be given 
them for development and the greater will be the resulting yield of each tree, but prac- 
tical experience, while acknowledging the truth of this theory, has demonstrated that a 
profit can be made by sacrificing the maximum yield of each tree with a corresponding 
gain in economy of plantation up-keep. The result has been that distances of from 
four to five and a half feet from tree to tree has been demonstrated to be the best from 
an economic agricultural standpoint, the choice of distances within the limits just men- 
tioned being determined almost entirely by the character of the soil upon which the planta- 
tion is established—in poorer soils the shorter distances being the rule, while in richer 
lands, where the life of the plantation will be greater and where the development of each 
tree will be fuller, the longer distances prevailing. It is found that by planting with the 
trees separated as indicated heavy crops are obtained, and the dense shade resulting from 
the coffee trees and from the growth planted to shade them limits to a great extent the 
possibility of the growth of weeds and other objectionable vegetation, thus tending toward 
economy in the expenses required for cultivation. 

The shade that is required in all young coffee plantations is variously provided 
among the growers of this product in Cuba. Almost invariably as soon as the land is 
prepared, corn is planted and its quick growth serves as immediate shade for the young 
seedlings. Among the corn either plantains or bananas are set out at regular distances, 
and among these in many cases trees of different kinds are planted. The class of tree 
that is selected is almost invariably quick growing, furnishing sufficient shade at the end 
of four or five years so that the plantation at that time can be relatively independent of 
other shade. The choice of corn and plantains or bananas is, of course, indicated by the 
fact that the product of these plants furnishes an income during the period in which the 
coffee bushes are reaching the size and age at which production commences. This usually 
begins at about three to three and a half years, though, of course, the quantity produced 
at first is small. During the next two years, however, production rapidly increases, and 
at the age of five or six years is heavy, reaching perhaps a maximum at an average age 
of seven to eight years. Practically uniform production is secured thereafter for a period 
of six or seven years more, so that generally speaking production does not begin to 
diminish until from the thirteenth to the fifteenth year, after which, depending, of course, 
on the character of the land and the care that is given the plantation, production will 
continue on a diminishing scale, in some cases till the grove attains the age of thirty to 
forty years. Groves of this age, of course, are the exception rather than the rule. 

The cultivation required in a coffee grove is of a rather simple order. Usually the 
undulating and broken character of the land prohibits the use of modern agricultural 
tools and implements, even were it possible to employ these among the roots and stumps 
left after the original clearing of the forest. Cultivation, therefore, is limited to that 
which can be given by the machete and hoe. As in the case of cane cultivation, great care 
- during the first two years of the plantation’s life results in an almost total absence of 
objectionable foreign growth thereafter. In all Cuba’s forests the seed of a variety of 
morning glory has been distributed by birds. The result is that after the forest has 
been felled and burned the ground is almost immediately covered by the heavy tangled 
mass of vines springing up from these seeds. Fortunately, practically all the seeds of 
this character in the soil will sprout at the same time. The removal, therefore, of this 
erowth of vines will practically free the agriculturist of the necessity of further clean- 


20 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Group Showing Manager (seated) and Some Laborers of “Virginia’’ Coffee Plantation, Guantanamo, 
Oriente Province. 


Coffee and Cacao Mixed, Showing Brazilian Rubber Trees Used as Part Shade, Oriente Province. 


21 


TSH CHO Am ienl VO Wy 


i; 


ey 


EEE 


Typical Group of Workers in Coffee Grove, Oriente Province. 


and Coffee Gatherer (the Darkey) with Collecting Basket on Head. 


Water Carrier (the Donkey) 


9° TEE (OU B Ate FLED 


: AR Ao ete 


Drying Floor, Showing Coffee Berries Spread Out to Dry in Sun, Oriente Province. 


Drying Floor in First-class Coffee Plantation, Showing Shallow Boxes Used to Move Coffce in and out 
of Shelter to Protect from Rain, Oriente Province. 


LSE IR CA I A II VII OALY. 23 


ings of similar growth. In heavy virgin forest, except for the seed of these vines, there 
is very little seed of objectionable growth of other character, so that after the removal 
of the vines, except for sporadic and isolated outbreaks of weeds and grasses, the culti- 
vator has nothing to contend with, and if he is careful in removing this growth before 
seed is formed the end of the first year will find the plantation practically free of weeds. 
The ever-increasing shade of the coffee bushes and of the shade planted for their benefit 
will in future years prevent the rapid increase in the growth of objectionable weeds, so 
that with proper attention during the first two years very little further work is required. 
In many coffee-growing countries definite systems of topping the coffee bushes have been 
adopted, largely with the idea of making easier the gathering of the crop, but in Cuba 
this is found only in isolated instances and among the most progressive growers. In 
those groves where topped bushes are found, the top is nipped out of the bush when it 
reaches a height of about four or five feet, and thereafter all vertical growth from the 
central stem isremoved. ‘The results are that the lateral branches receive the full strength 
of the plant, which broadens out, attaining a breadth considerably greater than is the 
ease with those plants not thus topped, and making all the fruit of the bushes readily 
accessible to the coffee pickers. Thus the necessity of bending the upper branches over 
with frequent breakage and destruction of the tree is avoided. The reader can realize 
readily how great this damage could be in all coffee groves where the service of careless 
pickers is obligatory, due to the relatively small number of laborers obtainable at certain 
times. 

The coffee tree itself, as we have indicated, is more a bush than a tree. Its leaves 
are short, varying from three to four inches in length, are sharp pointed and resemble 
somewhat those of the northern cherry. In well grown specimens, the color is a fine 
brilliant dark green. As the plant grows, lateral branches spring out at short intervals 
from the main stem, and on these also at short intervals appear the leaves, one always 
being found opposite another, and from the junction of these leaves with the branches 
and from these branches, spring the flowers. These are small, whitish in color, five 
petaled and with a rather sweet but distinctly coffee odor. The flowers are followed by 
small, round, green berries, which enlarge as they develop, reaching the size of a small 
cherry, and turning when ripe to a deep, blackish, red color. Inside of each berry is found 
in normal specimens two seeds, flat on one side with the other surface round, these being 
the coffee as known by us all and as dealt in in commerce. Separating the seed itself from 
the pulp of the surrounding berry is a very thin membrane called the parchment, which 
is removed in the process of preparation for marketing. The period of blooming is ordi- 
narily the months of February and March. As is the case, however, with many other 
fruits, a small percentage of trees is always found in the coffee plantations which instead 
of blooming during these months will delay blossoming until June or July. From six to 
seven months are required for the fruit to reach full maturity and ripen. As all the 
blossoms are not formed at one time but usually appear in three separate periods, just so 
the crop reaches full maturity in three distinct intervals, so that the careful grower who 
makes it a point to gather the product fully matured and in its prime will usually go over 
his grove three times, taking at the first and second pickings only those berries which have 
reached full ripeness, the third picking, of course, taking everything that is left im the 

rove. 
; Picking is, of course, all done by hand, men, women and children being employed for 
this purpose. Each picker is provided with a small basket, in which the fruit is placed as 
taken from the trees. The ideal method, of course, would be that in which only the ripe 
berries are picked carefully from the bushes, but in practice it has been found almost 
impossible to prevent the workers from stripping the berries from the branches by grasping 
these in the palm of the hand and running the closed hand along the branch, thus taking 
leaves and berries together. This practice, however, is very injurious to the tree, as it 1s 
found that trees treated thus will not produce again for two years, a full year being re- 
quired to recover from the effects of this treatment, so that every endeavor is put forth by 
plantation managers to have the picking done in the proper way. In the last pick, 


24 THE GOBA REV PEW 


Partly Abandoned Drying Floor in Neglected Plantation, Pinar del Rio Province. 


Drying Floor and House of ‘Poleir” Plantation, Pinar del Rio Province. 


i 


IU TEI. (GU Jas Al De A SS UA 25 


2 Sali 


General View of Coffee Plantation Buildings, Pinar del Rio Province. Note Broken Character of 


+» Country in Background. 


moreover, it has been found very difficult to prevent the gatherers from taking the leaves 
off the tip of the branches at the same time that the last coffee berries are gathered, a 
practice which results in a limitation of the life of the plant and in the practical destruction 
of its producing powers, as the branches from which the end leaves and tips are thus 
removed die almost immediately. 

Coffee gathering is paid for usually by the “bag.” The bag used as the unit is 
slightly smaller than that used in Cuba’s sugar industry, and is capable of holding approx- 


26 THRE CUBA. BEV IL 


General View of Coffee Plantation Headquarters, Showing Preparing Plant, Pinar del Rio Province. 


Cheaper Class of Drying Floor, Small Plantation, Oriente Province. 


JUTECID, (ONGTE EIR IG IAI GAY 27 


imately 300 pounds of coffee berries. In many plantations different units are employed, 
in some gathering being paid for at so much per tin or can, this measure being the five- 
gallon gasoline or petroleum can found everywhere throughout the tropics. In still others 
the fifty-gallon barrel is used as a unit, while in others special boxes are prepared con- 
taining from one to two bags, and the pickers are paid per box of measured berries brought 
in by them. In the case of picking by the bag, the price paid is usually from $1.40 to 
$1.50 for the first picking, at which only a limited number of berries has ripened, this 
price being reduced to $1.00 for each of the second and third pickings, at which a much 
larger percentage of the total crop is brought in. Over each group of pickers is a super- 
intendent, and these receive under normal conditions $40.00 to $45.00 per month and 
board. Field hands for cultivation, topping and other work of a similar character are 
usually obtainable under normal conditions at $1.00 to $1.25 per day, this being the rate 
of wage now being paid in Oriente Province. 

The reader will now know that the coffee as brought in from the bushes is in reality 
a fruit about the size of a small cherry, inside of which are found the seeds which compose 
the coffee as we know it. In order to prepare this for the market, various steps have to be 
taken, and several processes are in use. In Cuba, however, the prevailing custom is to 
dry the coffee berries on large, open cement or board platforms, where the berries in thin 
layers are exposed to the rays of the hot tropical sun. Provision is always made for rapid 
covering or gathering up and sheltering against the showers which at the harvest period 
occur so frequently. After drying the berries are then placed in bags and are delivered to 
preparing plants where by means of machinery first the dried pulp is removed from the 
seed, then the parchment-like covering is taken off, after which the seeds are polished by 
friction between themselves and the wheels of the machine used for this purpose. In some 
cases the seed is given an artificial coloring, for the purpose of making this uniform, but 
this custom is not general in Cuba. After the parchment has been removed the seed is 
then in condition to be classified. This is done in the majority of cases and in the better 
plants by passing the seed through a long inclined, sieve-like tube, the spaces between the 
wires composing its outer surface increasing regularly as the distance from the mouth 
through which the coffee enters the tube increases. Thus only the smaller and broken 
seeds drop out between the wires of the first division of this apparatus, the next larger seed 
passing through the following division, and so on until through the final subdivision of the 
apparatus pass only the fully developed, perfectly formed and largest seeds. This, of 
course, is classed as the highest grade. In the ordinarily commercial practice in Cuba 
only three grades are removed, these being called, first, second and the leavings, and in the 
practice of classification by the producers themselves, only two grades are separated, these 
being, first and second classes. An exception, however, to this must be mentioned, in 
that in all coffee groves there is produced a small percentage of what are in reality imper- 
feet berries, in which is found only one seed. This instead of having one flat side is 
rounded, somewhat like a rather elongated pea. Through some unknown cause, coffee 
seed of this nature has come to be considered as of better quality and, therefore, greater 
value than the flat sided coffee of the perfect and normal berry. In Cuba this round 
grain is known as ‘‘café caracolillo,” and we believe that this term is also used to designate 
this character of coffee in commerce. For a long time the separation of this grade was 
done by manual labor, but an apparatus has been perfected by which it can be removed by 
machinery, thus facilitating greatly this process. Though the percentage of coffee of this 
character in the total crop is relatively small, the higher value of $3.00 or $4.00 per one 
hundred pounds makes its separation profitable. 

By the plan of classification just indicated—that governed by the diameter and size of 
coffee beans—it is evident that no separation of quality or color is possible. Thus the 
unripe, undeveloped bean that has escaped the breaking action of the machinery through 
which it has passed, passes through the same subdivision of the classifier as does the 
thoroughly ripened bean of the same size. The result is, therefore, that the quality of the 
coffee thus treated is lower than that treated by other processes in which classification of 
the berries themselves is perfected. In one of these processes, a plant for the operation of 


eo ———— 
} THE CUBA REVIEW 


~ 


Bagging Dried Coffee Berries, Oriente Province. 


Fine Coffee Grove, with Cheap Drying Floor in Foreground and Bananas for Shade in Grove, 
Oriente Province. 


THE €UBA REVIEW 29 


Typical Coffee Plantation Headquarters of the Better Class, Oriente Province. 


which was established three or four years ago in Pinar del Rio, a wet method was utilized, 
in which the berries themselves as they come from the grove are dumped into large vats or 
tanks containing water through which a steady and heavy stream flows, as experience 
indicates that heavy, fully developed berries will sink to the bottom, while the lighter and 
immature berries float to the surface. Another system by which the lighter, more worth- 
less berries are removed from the coffee after it is hulled is that of suction, in which a 
current of air drawn through the thin layers of coffee beans sucks up, thus removing, the 
lighter product; but, as we have said, these methods of classification are not utilized in 
Cuba, with the result that our product does not present to the eye the same uniformity in 
size and color shown by each class of coffee bean as produced in Porto Rico or Brazil, 
where the industry is established on a more progressive and advanced basis. 

In the coffee producing sections of Cuba, certain firms have for many years devoted 
their time and attention to the financing of the coffee growers and the gathering together 
and preparation for final marketing of their products. We know of no grower in the 
Island whose financial position and volume of operations justifies his carrying this on 
independently, in every case there being a contractual relation between the planter and 
the merchant or financier to whom the crop is ultimately delivered. Contracts covering 
the establishment and operation of coffee groves are usually for periods of eight or more 
years, and the relations thus entered into frequently persist for many years after the 
contracts expire, due to the friendly and mutual interests thus created. All contracts 
stipulate that a certain minimum amount per month shall be advanced by the merchant to 
the planter, and that when the coffee is gathered the merchant shall be given the refusal 
of the product at the best price offered for it by any buyer. In the majority of cases, the 
merchants who devote their time and attention to this business are the owners of preparing 
plants, in which are treated not only the products of those growers financed by the owner, 
but also the products of other properties purchased by him. Cleaning and preparing 
plants on the plantations themselves do not exist, as the volume of products of any one 
plantation does not justify it. On all plantations drying floors are found, on which the 
fresh berry is dried, and in this form the product is delivered to the merchant for final 
preparation in the plant owned by him, or in some instances it is delivered to interme- 


30 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Coffee Dryer. This Machine Takes the Place of the Drying Floors, Performing with Artificial Heat 
the Work Formerly Entrusted to the Sun. Oriente Province. 


TEC Ub A hee VICE W 31 


ee Part of Water Supply Installation, Finca Morena, Pinar del Rio Province.’ 


Soaking Vats, Coffee Preparing Plant, Morena Plantation, Pinar del Rio Province. 


em 


32 THE CUBA REV TEW 


a 


diaries who have been of financial assistance during the making of the crop, to be turned 
over in turn by them to the owners of the preparing plants who have financed the inter- 
mediary. 

We have mentioned that the total production of coffee of the Island can be estimated 
to be roughly 300,000 quintales, that is, 30,000,000 pounds. The average price received 
by the growers for the last five or six years has been about 19 cents per pound or $19.00 
per cwt., this price being rendered possible on account of the extremely heavy protective 
duty levied upon the product coming into Cuba from foreign countries. This duty 
amounts to $23.40 per 100 kilos or 10.64 cents per pound. In the case of coffee the pro- 
duct of the United States, this including Porto Rico, a 20 per cent. preference is given, 
the duty on such coffee being, therefore, $18.72 per 100 kilos or 8.51 cents per pound. Those 
familiar with the average price of Brazilian and Central American coffee c. 1. f£. New York 
will thus realize that the duty alone on coffee entering Cuba is almost equal to the c. i. f. 
cost price of coffee delivered in New York. The placing of this heavy duty dates from 
Spanish times, and it was levied with the intention of inducing Cuba’s coffee planters to 
increase the acreage devoted to this product to such an extent as at least to provide a 
quantity sufficient to meet home consumption. The scheme has failed in this, however. 
as is shown by the table of importations given below, in which for the period covered 
263,388,611 pounds have been imported yearly, valued at $39,454,887.00. 


Fiscal Year, 1908-1909 Fiscal Year, 1909-1910 

Quantity Value Quantity Value 
United States................... 6,641,937 lbs. $584,340 1,585,643 Ibs. $160,148 
Dutch West Indies.............. 3,049 2Al = Satten wince | 
French West Indies............. 42 14 2 — 6 ees Gan 
ST 3,737,654 307,827 3,309,296 298,017 
Bema temmals,. oo... ooo. d joie ie /oselel neg ele ae eee 4,290 504 
BABING oo cs c's aos ue eee 382 40 2 ata iae See 
eee 85,534 6,880 169,196 11,200 
MS Rico............ ee 12,543,117 1,577,388 18,448,367 2,184,316 
Santo Domingo....:.-.....+<eeee 61,763 5,038 ke kee.) ||lU 
RETUIRUBY . 20... 5 oe ce se en ee cde) | ene 13,219 Laval 
ESBTICL A: « . «<a o,¢.bmalen ee 1,674,018 166,509 1,665,965 133,684 
MEERTIANIY. . 50's: s.'s tous ee ee 19 (GP 
rere 9 1 31 2 
RIP CG soo a aise ie dice ie ore 1,618 329 167 25 
United Kingdom................ 240 51 1,270 202 
RT 24,749,381 lbs. $2,648,665 25,197,444 lbs. $2,789,279 
Fiscal Year, 1910-1911 Fiscal Year, 1911-1912 

ae Quantity Value Quantity Value 

FESR NON oss 2 Sain! ose a atin a 1,052,663 lbs. § 
PRRGCRV Weak SUGGS soci sc as sek enauade = bie ‘ fies ee . sae ak : i 
Breneli West Indies... 2...600050. Saccates> (ekdWixzce . --  oanenene ae 
ak Geee oe es ce 504,179 65,732 42,636 5,819 
iene Rec nes ee ae 4” ee es 20,798 1,813 
Maeda ee ek ss 3,204 384 719 "127 
EER ea isis wa xy. Sn 18,965,142 2,598,490 20,670,121 3,524,944 
Santo Domingo............-..... 17,171 1,470 ce ee 
Wenemaels -.. Tater os ae 844,261 105,784 645,050 79,360 
Gennany...... Maes 4,947 751 
eben os RE ad Ve 16,326 "1980 
RAN osc - Sin PE os 196 pea "42 

med Matipnom, . oo... Ase. 22 6 29 6 
British West Indies............. 216 24. 233 .ece ee 
AES Elst ee ene 2,017 209 eee .. 


OS ik wesc eas = xiey sos 21,094,018 Ibe. $2,917,410 23,994,416 lbs. $4,049,317 


THE CUBA REVIEW 33 


Fiscal Year, 1912-1913 Fiscal Year, 1913-1914 

Quantity Value Quantity Value 
Wimitted States... ..c.cccces ose: 2,947,208 lbs. $488,044 2,119,948 Ibs. $323,610 
Breil eh ee et 723 132 48,966 4,855 
ieiCome cere oe 37,504 8,657 133,765 19,378 
RortopRico. is ees oe eS 19,479,020 3,382,727 18,479,885 2,966,622 
Wena ie: ieee ae ee 104,889 15,065 74,331 13,682 
(Genmianiye a ies css os asses 1,718 PSY RARE GI Ree RN Mere cia 
Holland.... 820 ASL a We sehen eiaia eek aay My anes eet aera 
United Kingdom. ae ee Ae oa oe 87 21 231 56 
ARG Galle spk ese ie ets sya 22,571,969 lbs. $3,894,971 20,837,123 lbs. $3,328,203 
Fiscal Year, 1914-1915 Fiscal Year, 1915-1916 

Quantity Value Quantity Value 
Winttedsstateso.:... 6... ees tes 1,841,712 lbs. $234,708 1,601,923 lbs. $231,502 
Brazil. iiisencise ae t ala fee 23,683 2,215 445,582 46,358 
costs TEUG he's oa OEE Be Oe ARNE MeN chee ena ton eee ee ap 10,509 1200 

UNITS o's Gis Ho oh Catt eaee ce ee aves e-em ee ne owen Ue ape rea 11,169 1,28 
 GAUEN REIT OI cores a ese cc ene el esa 2,525 238 
ieriCO ee eee, 195,367 26,595 319,425 42,379 
Eig: TESCO one ae Renee 18,405,219 2,404,341 16,612,672 2,394,576 
Santo Domingo................. 5,077 EPA 0 aed ics Ceneiare  h Moxe eeee dripe Regacie soir 
Y/@it\EV AUS) Ee iad a ee ace 137,365 12,190 294,988 30,084 
Datineere eerie, cat he SNe 30 SHEE Saray sie ORC ROME ARM RGTeeHEars Bevin 
lol ann die aera eee ecas soskls Se alee 4,718 DOS es MARI fee ce saem , Wubtewan yore ene See 
Wmiteds Kingdom. ..........55.... 101 21 212 72 
MIME Key Pereira cre Sia nial Gnesi = oom a cieyeoas 9 2 
Total. ccncteee aaa aaa 20,613,272 Ibs. $2,680,281 19,299,014 lbs. $2,747,748 
Fiscal Year, 1916-1917 Fiscal Year, 1917-1918 

Quantity Value Quantity Value 
WinttedsStates: .. sce. cas ee eee 2,919,227 lbs. $414,816 2,765,059 Ibs. $374,822 
RIS MMVCSLPGIOS So siae alas nie. aan ne emieenc sy “udiseus eerste 310 59 
IBY ASA 6 cbr pes eee te ee 92,159 Oi SGS ess et a er aie Rd eee heures 
Colombians. Bik ec asks os 33,865 QOD eiey ions i ager Seca ten Ualie eae ce 
CCipeiia, LE Git oi Se eee al ee ey ge PE ne 22,673 1,623 
Guatemala | cS, eae a ena Ne 82,055 12,790 14,702 2,235 

ADI RER ee Se iakd ais a sc eee ere Ga Le chalet. sets ol | 

J BECO on 2 See ee 557,147 98,049 74,480 10,730 
Porto Rico...... Sa IN Nee 20,514,921 3,087,082 25,064,648 3,414,179 
Santor MOMINGO:. .).c. ss. wien wt 10,722 1,249 36,981 3,776 
Meneztielames sen cc-- yaaa. « 25,997 2,926 133,149 14,622 
DANAE Re ecee ce fae, cae oe e 6,306 SOME cia ec eas Ae eee 2 ea ee ieee 
ied EG WOMI sey sass ce 15 3 15 3 
Collen Gl eee ees ere ee cicos acsuys Obert Le cian ears 2,222 245 
Motalec.0.... Gre Soe ta 24,242,414 Ibs. $3,632,945 28,121,090 |bs. $3,822,861 
Fiscal Year, 1918-1919 Second Six Months of 1919 

Quantity Value Quantity Value 
United States................... 1,742,405 lbs. $339,810 856,407 lbs. $238,531 
British West Indies............. 698,908 126,003 246 57 
PATFOCTNGINIE Here sissies ae ie ees waa ewes 26,014 (TSO Oyen ie uinedlinie eee mule oe Ba ie 
STAVZOR ne iceland eke 114,233 26,756 15,184 3,414 
CED) ERC es ee mC 3,854 Qi Oaro st oon ee ear © le eee eae 
RV ialonmblargh see Siete gts a oete tie 38,920 ONE RORY a Sy oe Eee 
SGML ork a divi s cn aclnne eae 128,248 ZOISOOR re econ: ee tee eee 
SWS coc) ere 861,846 161,135 243,115 41,949 
INNES CORP cus Ser ueicceas nscale ayacsce 2,581,707 pre 20,517 4,050 
Mame Salyad Ole 5170: kk oe tere ee 66,462 PODS 2 een epee anne ites) tet 
ane RCON ie is none 16,021,187 3,116,587 7,579,849 2,133,097 
Semin IDGiiiioes an seme eae ae 559,136 79,265 93,262 17,902 
Wienezlelane ek tase cas uneeee 510,620 91,424 202,339 39,530 
12 TEDIOG BGs Giemsa ot eee oeseeeneee eee ee 11 abies Mote btiseoe [0° padedooc 


PROC Ale ree ie Na sich aie eal: 23,356,551 Ibs. $4,514,177 9,010,919 lbs. $2,478,530 


34 THE.GUBA REVIEW 


The present outlook for our industry is promising. The rebound from the excessive 
planting of sugar cane which has to a certain extent been detrimental to the increase of 
coffee planting for the last two or three years, will doubtless lead to an extension of the 
acreage devoted to this product in the next few years. The lowering of wages to 
those normally prevailing before the war will also be a helpful influence. There is a large 
area of land, especially in Oriente Province, well adapted to the growing of coffee. A 
continuation of the high duty now being paid, though objected to on the ground that 
it is a tax levied upon Cuba’s people as a mass for the benefit of only a small percentage 
of its population, is, we believe, assured. Coffee in Cuba is subject to no virulent or 
epidemie diseases that render precarious and dangerous the investment of funds in the 
establishment of plantations, and thus the stability of the industry is assured. It is 
moreover practically the only agricultural industry of any importance still almost exclu- 
sively in the hands of Cuban owners, and, therefore, we believe that continued govern- 
ment protection and assistance will be given the industry whenever this is required. 
We, therefore, believe that there is every possibility of not only a continuation of present 
production, but of an increase and of a continued greater importance of this industry 
in relation to those others which form the backbone of Cuba’s economic life. 

The writer takes pleasure in acknowledging his indebtedness to Mr. Luis M. Pérez, 
Chief of the Agricultural Statistical Office of the Department of Agriculture,-and to 
Mr. Armando Villalén Morales, the Delegate in Oriente Province of the Department of 
Agriculture, for information furnished upon which this article is based. © 


The Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York 


re Bid Asked 
Republic of Cuba Interior Loan 5% Bowds 2's ists ht oe a are a td 
Republic of Cuba. Exterior Loan 5%, Bonds of 194477.. 5. 2...-csec5sses a eee 
Republic. of Cuba. Exterior Loan 5c; Bonds:.0f 194933.2)..5. 4 uA wna cnn 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 444% Bonds. of .1949..........2++eeee- r Gd 
maveana City Kirst’ Mortgage 6% Bonds. .2.2.. + ssn8) se oe | ee eee 80. 90 
Havana City Second Mortgage’ 6% Bonds -2i Sel dora cies opt aa ee a «2 OO eee 90. 
Guba Railroad Preferred Stock.4s../2.......¥tiysGGs.. foancs peed nae 30... © 46% 
Cuba Railroad First Mortgage 5% Bonds of 1952.:...... PEE Cee ci p a0 + 4 OD 70 
Cuba Company 6% Debenture Bonds............0...... bao se aa ar eR 70 76 
Cuba Company 6% Cumulative Preferred Stock. .:.......2eeeeee.eereens .. 70. 80 
Havana Electric Ry. Co, Consolidated Mortgage 5% Bonds........0.+. +. -40.---- 75 
Havana Electric Ry., Light & Power Co. Preferred Stocks: aa oceania meee 80 90. 
Havana Electric Ry., Light & Power Go..Common Stock. ...:....cseeeee0. »- 75... 80 
Cuban-American Sugar Co. Preferred Stock >:.2sic:i2.......0000--0000- 70 90 
Cuban-American Sugar Co. Common Stock.............. PPE e vee et ees .. 1206" algae 
cmuninnamosuear Oo, Stock... ox sc.ic ese odenc is biel ee dee te eee 7% 3 

ar 


Cuban Merchant Shipping ir in n June, 1921 ee 


As reported by Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping, just issued, Cuba’ s 
merchant shipping i in June, 1921, was as follows: 


Steamers and Motor Vessels | Sailing Vessels Grand Total 
| | 
Number | Gross Tonnage | Number | Gross Tonnage | Number Gross Tonnage 
ee ee 
44 50,178 (ee 8,375 | 259 58,553 


TE COB A RAE Vols Ve 35 


Sugar Review 
Specially written for THE CUBA REVIEW by Willett & Gray, New York, N. Y. 


At the time of our last review of the New York sugar market, dated July 21, 1921, 
quotations for raw sugar were on the basis of 3c. c. & f. but early this month the Cuban 
Finance Committee increased their views to the basis of 314c. c. & f. equal to 4.86c. duty 
paid and which quotation continues to be maintained, as far.as the committee is con- 
cerned. Later, however, on pressure to sell outside sugars, quotations declined and at 
this writing are on the basis of 3c. c. & f. for uncontrolled Cubas and 4.50c. for Porto 
Ricos and Philippines. The market recently has been quiet with buyers showing only 
occasional interest. The committee recently has, however, been able to dispose of some 
more sugars to the United Kingdom and Europe, latest quotations being on the basis 
of 21s c. 1. f. United Kingdom and 3.10c. f. 0. b. Cuba. With the larger arrivals of raw 
sugars recently at the Atlantic ports, refiners have naturally increased their meltings and 
are now working nearer to capacity with consequent increase in the deliveries of refined 
sugar which has been badly delayed in instances. 

Quotations for refined sugar are maintained at the 6.15c. level by. American, National 
and Warner, with Arbuckle 6.05c. On August 22d, Federal who had been offering sugars 
at the 6c. level reduced their price to 5.90c. and made a further reduction today to 5.80e. 
basis which has had the effect of somewhat unsettling the market. The other refiners 
are now rapidly cleaning up their unshipped orders and when this is accomplished a re- 
adjustment to a somewhat lower level is likely. The reductions in price by Federal 
lead to the throwing into the market of a considerable quantity of second-hand sugars 
on the part of buyers who had a surplus steck, which sugars are obtainable today at 
5.70e. f. o. b. refinery shipment. 

Little progress has been made recently toward the final conclusion of the Permanent 
Tariff Bill now before Congress and it is not expected the measure will become a law 
before next winter. Many applications have been made to the Senate Committee for 
hearings against the proposed rates on sugar, particularly Cuban sugar, which on account 
of being so high in the latter case are held to be injurious to the mutual welfare of Cuba 
and the United States. In this connection the following table showing the Cuban imports 
in comparison with the United States consumption may be of interest to your readers: 


COMPARATIVE SOURCES OF SuPPLY AND TotaL Duties Paip ANNUALLY 
KE 3 U.S. revenue 


Balance re- on sugars and 


Total U.S. Z Cuba sugars quirements molasses im- Total 
Consump- Free imported from other ported fiscal Cuba 
“tion. Supply in U.S: countries years ending Crop. 
Year Tons Tons .~ Tons Tons June 30th* Tons 
1907 2,993,979 ' 15287,582 1,340,400 365,297 -= >>. $60,338,523 1,427,673 
1908 3,185,789 1,539,333 916,742 729, 7147 50,168,155 961,958 
1909 3,257,660 1,629,688 1,427,531 200,441 56,414,434 1,531,582 
1910 3,350,355 1,637,780 1,640,182 72,393 53,105,357 1,804,349 
1911 3,351,391 1,743,070 1,409,259 199,062 52,809,371 1,483,451 
1912 3,504,182 1,732,969 1,664,863 106,350 50,951,199 1,895,984 
1913 3,743,139 1,734,750 1,990,831 17,558 53,481,801 2,428,537 
1914 3,760,827 1,693,915 2,018,854 48,058 61,870,457 2,597,732 
1915 3,801,531 1,939,200 1,841,602 20,729 49,607,651 2,592,667 
1916 3,658,607 1,977,118 1,666,548 14,941 55,875,639 3,007,915 
1917 =. 3,683,599 2,171,248 1,506,876 5,475 55,471,364 3,023,720 
1918 3,495,606 1,595,059 1,881,244 19,303 49,092,779 3,446,083 
1919 _ 4,067,671 1,942,882 2,067,051 Pt eke) 68,608,819 3,971,776 
1920 4,084,672 1,396,954 2.133,699 554,019 79,536,137 3,730,077 


*From Statistical Abstract of the United States for 1920. ; Gemeis 
+Including 10,700 tons Philippine sugars in 1907 and 45,089 tons in 1908 paying 75% of 


full duty rates; beginning 1909 


Supply” column. 


these sugars were admitted free and were included in ‘‘Free 


i 


36 THE CUBA REVIEW 


ne —————_————————— 


Exports from Cuba to the United States recently have shown a material increase, 
and stocks in the Island a consequent decrease, the latter now amounting to about 
about 1,350,000 tons at the shipping ports. The rainy weather continues and is, of course, 
most beneficial to the growing of the cane for the new 1921-22 crop. Four centrals con- 
tinue at work. 

Advices from Europe on the whole continue unfavorable, but the following mail 
advices will give the situation more in detail: 

Francre.—July 28.—The weather continues to be very fine and sunshiny with oc- 
easionally a light shower. These conditions have caused much anxiety on the part of 
cultivators of beet roots owing to the continued dryness. In those sections the most 
favored by rain, the beet roots look reasonably good and appear to resist the drought 
quite well, but in other places where the beet roots were sown late and which did not re- 
ceive the proper cultivation, they are in bad condition. Taking the situation as a whole, 
it can be stated that about 14 of the beet crop is practically lost and that the other 2% 
if the weather improves, will be able to give a crop about the size of last year. In contrast 
to the poor beet production, the crop of wheat in France shows a large increase and 
will exceed the quantity needed for consumption. 

Grermany.—July 15.—The scarcity of rain is felt more in the Northern and Western 
regions of Germany. General rains, after the harvesting of the cereals, would be welcome. 
The complaints regarding insects and other damage to the crop are not larger than in 
a normal year, Taking the situation as a whole, the beet crop, while having lost its for- 
ward development, is still in a satisfactory condition and in the Central and Southern parts 
of Germany and in Silicia the general condition of the beet fields is quite satisfactory. 
With favorable weather from now on, Germany will be able to produce sufficient sugar 
for consumption and perhaps eventually have a small amount for export. To show the 
actual condition of the beets compared with other years, the following tests have been 
made: 


1921 1920 1919 
Weight with leaves Gr. . /. 2 ene eee 536 514 416 
Weight without leaves Gro 72 eee ee 157 152 110 
Sugar Content %. . 2.0... ane 12.48 11.83 11.14 


Be.atum.—tThe crop is suffering from the drought, causing the cultivators much 
worry. In some sections it has not rained for a period of weeks. The beet roots that were 
sowed late are in particularly bad condition. Rain is needed at once to improve the sit- 
uation. 

Denmark.—July 1.—On account of the drought the condition of the beet roots has 
declined to 76 points (100 being excellent condition) against 84 points on the 15th of June. 

CzecHo-SLovakiA.—July 7.—Recent weather conditions have been unfavorable 
for the best development of the beets. Some light showers have fallen, but they are not 
sufficient to improve the condition of the crop, and furthermore the weather continues 
quite cool and below normal as far as temperature is concerned. Considerable com- 
plaints are heard of insect damage, particularly in Moravia. 

According to advices from abroad, the rationing of sugar in Italy has now been dis- 
continued, 


New York, N. Y., August 23, 1921. 


Revista Azucarera 
Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


Cuando publicamos nuestra tiltima revista del mercado de azicar de Nueva York, 
con fecha 21 de Julio de 1921, las cotizaciones por el azticar crudo eran bajo la base de 
3c. costo y flete, pero a principios de este mes el Comité Financiero cubano aumenté sus 


FHE CUBA REVIEW 37 


precios a la base de 3c. c. y f., equivalente a 4.86c. derechos pagados, y cuya cotizacién 
continta atin, en lo que se refiere a dicho Comité. Sin embargo, mds tarde, con la premura 
por vender aztcares de otras procedencias, bajaron las cotizaciones y al escribir esta 
revista son bajo la base de 3c. c. y f. por los azticares de Cuba fuera del dominio del Comité 
y 4.50c. por los de Puerto Rico y las Filipinas. El mercado recientemente ha estado en 
calma, los compradores mostrando solamente interés ocasionalmente. Sin embargo, el 
Comité ha podido recientemente vender algunos azticares mds a la Gran Bretafia y a 
Europa, las ultimas cotizaciones siendo bajo la base de 21s, costo, seguro y flete en la 
Gran Bretafia y 3.10c. libre a bordo Cuba. Con las mas grandes llegadas de azticares 
crudos recientemente a los puertos del Atldntico, los refinadores como es natural han 
aumentado sus operaciones y ahora estan trabajando mas préximos a su capacidad, con 
el consiguiente aumento en las entregas de azticar refinado, que se habian demorado mucho 
en algunos casos. 

Las cotizaciones por el azucar refinado se sostienen al nivel de 6.15c. por las refinerias 
American, Nacional y Warner, y la de Arbuckle a 6.05c. El 22 del actual mes de agosto, 
la refineria Federal, que habia estado ofreciendo azticares al precio de 6c., redujo el precio 
a 5.90c., haciendo hoy mayor rebaja a 5.80c., lo cual ha contribuido a perturbar algo el 
mercado. Los otros refinadores estén ahora despachando répidamente sus pedidos sin 
embarcar, y cuando se lleve eso a cabo es probable tenga lugar un arreglo a precios algo 
mas bajos. Las rebajas en precio por la refineria Federal condujo a colocar en el mercado 
una considerable cantidad de azticares de segunda mano por parte de compradores que 
tenian un exceso de existencias, cuyos azticares se consiguen hoy a 5.70c. libre a bordo 
las refinerfas. 

Recientemente poco se ha adelantado hacia la conclusién final del proyecto de Ley 
sobre la Tarifa Permanente ahora ante el Congreso, y no es de esperarse que esa medida 
llegue a ser una ley antes del préximo invierno. Se han hecho muchas solicitudes al 
Comité del Senado para deliberar contra los propuestos derechos del azticar, especialmente 
el azticar de Cuba, que a causa de ser tal altos en este tiltimo caso se alega es perjudicial 
para el mutuo bienestar de Cuba y de los Estados Unidos. Respecto a esto, la siguiente 
tabla que muestra las importaciones de azticares de Cuba en comparacién con el con- 
sumo en los Estado Unidos podrd ser de interés para nuestros lectores: 


COMPARACION DE LAS PROCEDENCIAS DE ABASTO Y TOTAL DE LOS DERECHOS PAGADOS 


ANUALMENTE. 
Derechos 
cobrados por los 
E. U. por 

Azticares y Total 

Aziicares Melazas im- de la 
de Cuba Balance re- portadosenlos Zafra de 

Consumo total Azticares de importados queridode afios fiscales que Cuba. 

enlos H. U. entrada libre. enlos EH. U. _ otros paises. terminan el Tone- 

Afio Toneladas Toneladas Toneladas Toneladas 30 de Junio* ladas 
1907 2,993,979 1,287,582 1,340,400 365,297T $60,338,523 1,427,673 
1908 3,185,789 1,539,333 916,742 729,7147 50,168,155 961,958 
1909 3,257,660 1,629,688 1,427,531 200,441 56,414,434 1,531,582 
1910 3,350,355 1,637,780 1,640,182 72,393 53,105,357 1,804,349 
19th 335015391 1,743,070 1,409,259 199,062 52,809,371 1,483,451 
1912 3,504,182 1,732,969 1,664,863 106,350 50,951,199 1,895,984 
1913 =. 3,743,139 1,734,750 1,990,831 17,558 53,481,801 2,428,537 
1914 3,760,827 1,693,915 2,018,854 48,058 61,870,457 2,597,732 
1915 3,801,531 1,939,200 1,841,602 20,729 49,607,651 2,592,667 
1916 3,658,607 1,977,118 1,666,548 14,941 55,875,639 3,007,915 
1917 = 3,683,599 2,171,248 1,506,876 5,475 55,471,364 3,023,720 
1918 3,495,606 1,595,059 1,881,244 19,303 49,092,779 3,446,083 
1919 4,067,671 1,942,882 2,067,051 57,738 68,608,819 3,971,776 
1920 4,084,672 1,396,954 2,133,699 554,019 79,536,137 3,730,077 


*De un extracto estadistico de los Estados Unidos para el afio 1920. 
tIncluyendo 10,700 toneladas de azticares de las Filipinas en 1907 y 45,089 toneladas en 1908, 
pagando 75% de todos los derechos; empezando en 1909 estos azticares fueron admitidos libre 
de derechos y se incluyeron en la columna ‘‘ Azticares de entrada libre.” 


38 THE CUBA EVIE 


Las exportaciones de azticares de Cuba a los Estados Unidos tiltimamente han tenido 
un aumento, y las existencias en Cuba han tenido por consiguiente una disminucidén, 
llegando éstas ahora a 1,350,000 toneladas aproximadamente en los puertos de embarque. 
Contintia el tiempo lluvioso, lo cual es por supuesto sumamente beneficioso para el cre- 
cimiento de la cana para la nueva zafra de 1921-22. Cuatro centrales continian en oper- 
acién. 

En general las noticias de Europa continian desfavorables, pero las siguientes 
noticias por correo explicaran la situacién mas detalladamente: 

FranctA, Julio 28.—El tiempo continia muy bueno y de sol, con algin ligero aguacero 
de vez en cuando. Este estado ha causado mucha ansiedad por parte de los cultivadores 
de raiz de remolacha debido a la continua sequia. En aquellas regiones mds favorecidas 
por la lluvia las rafces de remolacha tienen buen aspecto y parecen resistir bastante bien 
la falta de agua, pero en otros lugares donde las rafces de remolacha se sembraron tarde 
y no fueron cultivadas como era debido, estan en mala condicién. En conjunto la situ- 
acién puede decirse que como una tercera parte de la cosecha de remolacha se ha perdido 
verdaderamente, y las otras dos terceras partes, si mejora el tiempo, podrdn rendir una 
cosecha del tamano de la del afo pasado aproximadamente. En contraste con la escasa 
produccién de remolacha, la cosecha de trigo en Francia muestra un gran aumento y 
que excederd a la cantidad necesitada para el consumo. 

ALEMANIA, Julio 15.—La falta de lluvia se siente mas en las regiones del norte y 
oeste de Alemania, desedindose lluvia en general después de la recogida de los cereales. 
Las quejas acerca de los insectos y otros danos a la remolacha no son mayores que en un 
ano normal. En conjunto la situacién respecto a la cosecha de remolacha es de que, 
aunque ésta ha perdido la oportunidad de mayor desarrollo, esté atin en un estado satis- 
factorio, y en la parte central y del sur de Alemania y en Silicia el estado general de los 
campos de remolacha es bastante satisfactorio. Con tiempo favorable de ahora en ‘adel- 
ante, Alemania podraé producir suficiente cantidad de azticar para el consumo y tal vez 
eventualmente tenga una pequena cantidad para la exportacién. Para mostrar el estado 
verdadero de la remolacha comparado con otros anos, se han hecho las siguientes pruebas: 


1921 1920 1919 
Peso con. hojas (pr:).. .::.-:1asee eee 536 514 416 
Peso sin hojas (gr.). .. .2 oc, noes ee 157 152 110 
Aziicar que contiene (por ciento)............... 12.48 11.83 11.14 


BéiGica.—La cosecha estd resintiéndose de la sequia, causando a los cultivadores 
mucha aprensién. En algunas partes no ha llovido durante semanas. Las rafces de re- 
molacha que se cultivaron tarde estdn especialmente en mal estado. Se necesita lluvia 
al instante para mejorar la situaci6n. : 

Dinamarca, Julio 1.—A causa de la sequia el estado de las rafces de la remolacha ha 
bajado a 76 puntos (100 puntos siendo un estado excelente) contra 84 puntos el 15 de Junio. 

CzecHo-SLovaxia, Julio 7—El tiempo recientemente ha sido desfavorable para 
el mejor desarrollo de la remolacha. Han caido algunos aguaceros, pero no son suficientes 
para mejorar el estado de la cosecha, y lo que es mas el tiempo contintia bastante fresco 
y bajo lo normal en lo que se refiere a la temperatura. Se oyen bastantes quejas acerca de 
dafios causados por los insectos, especialmente en Moravia. 

Segtin noticias del extranjero, en Italia ha cesado ahora la distribucién de azticar 
por raciones. 


Nueva York, Acosro 23, 1921. 


IU IEC I. AGL TES a Sil [ado TA 


39 


Crust Company of Cuba 
HAVANA 

CAPITAL - - - - $500,000 

SURPLUS - - - - $900,000 


TRANSACTS A 
GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 
OcwaldmeAmeronnishypcersceeee eee President 
Claudio G. Mendoza............ Vice-President 
James M. Hopgood.............. Vice-President 
Rogelio miCarbayalys. os. ceri 1-1 oie Vice-President 
Alberto War guezaacercicita-\je eiciclereiereiele Treasurer 
SilviOMeSalienli perme eris = Assistant Treasurer 
Luis Perez Bravo...........Assistant Treasurer 
Oscar Carbajalten ee ee eee eee Secretary 
William M. nisin Beer Manager Real Estate 


and Insurance Depts. 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 
Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business. 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world. 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


FREDERICK SNARE CORPORATION 


Formerly The Snare and Triest Company 


Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


DEALERS IN ALL PRODUCTS 
FOR SUGAR MILLS 


PRIME COMMERCIAL MURIATIC 
ACID, 20° 


Sulphuric, Phosphoric, Nitric, Hydrofiuoric 
and all other acids 


CAUSTIC SODA, 76% SOLID 


Soda Ash, Sal Soda, Bicarbonate of Soda and 
salts of all characters 


FORMALDEHYDE, 40% VOL. U.S. P. 
OIL AND GREASES 


Castor Oil and all grades of lubricating oils 
and greases 


SUGAR BLEACH AND FILTERING 
MATERIALS 


PAINTS—PRESERVATIVES 
DISINFECTANTS—INSECTICIDES 


We are publishing a monthly review devoted 
to Cuban market conditions which will be 
sent gratis upon request. May we place you 
on our mailing list ? 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 
140 Liberty St., New York 


HAVANA SANTIAGO 
2 and 4 Muralla 47 Lacre Baja 


The Royal Bank» Canada 


Founded in 1869 


Paid Up Capital = = $20,350,000.00 
Reserve Funds = = 20,240,000.00 
Total Assets = = = 530,000,000.00 
Seven Hundred and Thirty Branches 
Fifty-three in Cuba 


HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL 
LONDON: 2 Bank Building, Princes Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Catalufia 6 
PARIS: 28 Rue du Quatre Septembre 

Correspondents in all the Important 
Cities of the World 


We issue letters of credit to travelers in Dollars, 
Pounds Sterling, and Pesetas. Negotiable with- 
out charge. Savings accounts opened for Deposits 
of One Dollar and up. 

Our direct private wire to New York enables 
us to handle business most expeditiously 


PRINCIPAL BRANCH IN HAVANA 
Aguiar 75, Corner of Obrapia 


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LO THE CUBA REVIEW 


Cable “Turnure”’ FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of Collection 
and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public and Industrial 
Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection of Drafts, Coupons, 
etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and Letters of Credit on Havana 
and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo 
Domingo, and Central and South America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 


HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank, Ltd. 

Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: }Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
(Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 


and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size, 2934 xX 24. Copyrighted 1918. 
Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


67 Wall Street, New York 


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ENGINES, BOILERS AND MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


A. KLING, Prop. 
JAS. §. BOGUE, Supt. | MOBILE, ALA. oniA SPECIALTY 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks” New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 
Engineers, Boiler Makers and Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in All Branches. 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
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DU IGL IG (CGC TEs AL 18 IB A II 41 
United Rail f H 
CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 
No. 11] No. 1| No. 7 | No. 5 | No. 3| No. 9 2 HAVANA No. 2 | No. 8 | No. 6 |No. 10| No. 4/No. 12 
PM/;}PM|PM/PM|AM/AM]/! 5 AM|]AM]PM/|PM/PM;|AM 
10.31 eo 4.01 | 1.01 |10.01 | 7.01 .||Lv Central Station Ar|| 6.50 | 9.40 | 3.31 | 6.30 | 7.25 | 6.30 
aes 12.17 | 6.40 | 3.23 |11.54 | 9.25 || 58)|Ar...Matanzas...Lv||} 4.15 | 6.52 | 1.10 |} 3.50 | 5.06]...... 
oan 4.05 | 8.40 | 5.50 | 2.00 |12.37 |/109]|......Cardenas......]]/12.05 | 5.00 |10.00 | 1.20 |......|...... 
M PM PM |AM PM 
6.00 |...... GeO aEAT N cccua scars TiN lbsooooe Sagua. O23 \leo so ac GOS leeooc 5 ere eves 
*, Qa Mee severe Niece <ieiois 8.35 PRD o5 050 (Chilean sho dell ¢s2 Ileccsoollocce collosedoc hae * 
oe 6.00 )......] 9.00 180)\Seeeoanta Clarase |e 00h) ess 40 eee re aes 
beh Opell, eysitasil ci evauess ices e:anaie Cell amen 195]|..... (ONTOS ooaallligoaseslledogoallasocied| las 11.15 |10.15 
AM PM M|PM 
Bynes iste 9.55 saps [nese PAT casein Spat So ceil! Cot. less Salleouacs|loooodalloccutcdlaccooe 
brat UB Wea os oal| Zoe Ilecoscdlacas call Z0lll oo hOwxo GO naib. soll Bott osc ccl4se) ileccoacllooaocd|occcce 
M AM 
saan Boll |looacooll GolO Won ccodlosccodll Se WMlocopcl Gama cop ollie soll M200 |loc.acacl\lacuoced|oaoooc 
AM AM PM 
Bee Da Liters Releases 520i ereeee ANOS. 5505 c6llllaoceco LORZOM oes eae eal Bee 
Bere 3.45 6.45 soon acl EE o coco HINIEO, 555 on IMO Wesscos!] O00 |lsccosclloocsas 
AM PM M AM 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
* Via Carrefio. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAVANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
Wientueros Gs snicsse areiae einen eins 
Sagua...... $5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 
Caibarien.... 
pants rates Re 
iego de Avila. 5.50 4.50 
Camaguey. 6.00 5.00 15.00 18.00 
TO usage rsiitaveleae ap Bon 
tro Cedro z A 
Sani tia’ g OMe se eat emieateroncieye 8.00 7.00 ab ze ctl 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
U.S. Cy. U.S. Cy 
PA till aber ah oe. icy tvewaySobistatadeis tere Seceicts $29.21 Tslevofs Bines\..)2 Sevsneesias cae serail tens $10.00 
Bata banosenen cstacsiesocieen ioe 2.95 Madrurasetnn en ccm ueeeee whee20 
Bayan Over rcs oisiae wocicialcmene sleeker 26.24 Manzanillonesencree mite coe ee MIke 
Gaibanien en cecil oo Satie eee ne ae 14.81 Miatanzasie ach aayaccproiieen cise ae 4.60 
Camarueyacccrscesasecniee hes 20.57 Placetasia-pc is evtav saeco teeny 13.54 
Wardenasie sane chris eo eeik secrneauass 7.96 Remedios Bae Ap neieerc eee 4400, 
GiegondewAvilas:eacckecmscocmecsec 17.47 Saguaec ie dance aaeracin eee de 98 
Wienfuegos acces ssish me einisn Soe 12.33 SanvAntoniossacsencearacce aoe 1.80 
COON eee ohne ee eee 8.12 SanctiiSpirituseeee eee eee eee cee ORO 
Guantanamoeee eee eee eee eee oled0 Santa Clara saceeie eine eee eS 
lekalkatiincotonkenestoos Aneeanooen ao. cet! Santiago de Cuba................. 30.08 
Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 110 pounds 


or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS—First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Colén, Union, Sagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


ARCHIBALD JACK, General Manager 


W. T. MEDLEY, Commercial Agent 


HAVANA, 


CUBA 


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2 THE 


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Pesar Cana Neto 


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Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 
constructor de trasbordadores 
superiores 

Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 
bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 


imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘La Victoria.” 


A Weekly Publication of | 


International Interest | 


It covers every field and phase of the industry 


WRITE FOR SAMPLE COPY 


$3.00 Per Year 


Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


Subscription - 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 


P. O. Cox 3, Camaguey 
ll k rchandise either ona 
agency arrangements 
nformation about lands 


ll kinds of me 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Camuer 


8 No. 18 VEDADO 
HAVANA, CUBA 


Cable: DWIPALM 


DWIGHT O. PALMER 


Sugar Broker and Agent 
160 PEARL STREET 
NEW YORK CITY 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
“PASSOL” SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD STREET, Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL STREET 
Cable Address, ‘*Tide, New York” 


Established 50 Years Shipping Trade a Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 
Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 
Telephones: : oaee fy Bowling Green 
Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 


Telephone 0316 Henry Night Call 2278 Henry 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 
Agents for the Munson Steamship Line New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espana. 


INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 
MATANZAS, CUBA 


F. W. Hvoslef 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 


Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers 
18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘Benvosco’’ 


E.C. Day’ R.M. Michelson 


— aa 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 


Engravers - - Fine Stationery 
RUIZ BUILDING 
O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P.O.Box 608 


HAVANA, CUBA 


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POE CA EA he By LEW. 43 


Munson Steamship Line 


GENERAL OFFICES: 


67 Wall Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. s Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 
Keyser Building, BALTIMORE, MD. 708 Common Street, NEW ORLEANS, LA. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 
New York Antilla Antilla New York 
SS BECINISOINGAIVEAVR? oe Se os Oct. 8 Ochl2Z Och 15 Oct. 19 
UMUC SEER es Neg = ct fate Ps > Oct ZZ Oct. 26 Oct. 29 Nov. 2 
ye ee eer Ree oi ee Nov. 5 Nov. 9 Noy. 12 Noy. 16 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and “Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular sailings as follows: 
Havana....Every Week| Isabela de Sagua.. Every 4 Weeks Guantanamo. Ev ery 3 Weeks 


Matanzas.Every 2 Weeks | Caibarien......... re Arita 
Cardenas.Every 2 Weeks | Nuevitas.......... “ 3 i Santiago.... a 
Cienfuegos. % 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


mStar WV R——Miontevideo-buenos Aires.a:2...5--2..502-2052-.sunee ele. Semi-monthly 
AL SITE ANIUUET PS a 20 Meee ter oleae Renee oe Sear ee On Application 


NEW YORK-—South America Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 
United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 


SASS © OMEN CRO S Sz (C) icc eras ee ene a a ita Ae lee! | cia i sy October 1 

SVS ieee el @ PWS ize (Cal) eae A acts tects aries Rone nee ea ee Ree ccs PO ey eu) October 15 

S/S TIBUUNROUNFE S(T Siete aie chair create nen eee ne es ner as PNET A October 27 
(c) 1st and 3d class (a) Ist, 2d and 3d class 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


A STEAMER—Baltimore-Havana ....... sooganetecscoasooseseoe Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago ...........-..2eceeeeees On Application 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


NEW ORLEANS—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New Orleans for Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


44 THE GUBA REVIEW 


No. SS-96 
Steel Conveyor 


Chain 


FOR MODERN CANE CONDUCTOR 
INSTALLATIONS 


No. SS-96 was designed particularly 
for use in cane feeder carriers and the 
conductors to the Mills. It is now almost 
universally used in this work. It is the 
effective chain for cane conductors. 


Look for our 


—. 


Trade Mark on every link. 
Write for Catalog No. 355. 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 


299 BROADWAY 
NEW YORK CITY 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Direcci6n Tel Afica: 
Direccion Telegrafica: 165 Broadway, New York, U. S. A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 


4 ere se ve el grabado de uno de nuestros carros mdés modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
ore os tipos y de varias capacidades para uso en Cuba. Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
jico, con bastideres y jaulas de madera o de acero. Produccién annual de mas de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA, Representante para Cuba 


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° 
Ls 


", 


~ 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Ruedas de 
Hierro Enfriado 
y Ejes de Acero 
para Carros 

y Coches de 
Ferrocarril. 


A razon porqué las 
ruedas de Hierro 
Enfriado proce- 
dentes de nuestras fa- 
bricas tienen preferencia sobre las otras se debe a que el hierro enfriado puede resistir 
mejor que cualquier otro metal las cargas excesivas, las grandes velocidades y el roz- 
amiento generado por los frenos modernos. Talleres montados a la moderna y condi- 
ciones ventajosas para obtener las materias primas nos ponen en condiciones de 
cotizar precios atractivos. 


NEW YORK CAR WHEEL COMPANY 


JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente 
43 CEDAR STREET, NEW YORK, E.E. U.U. 


Direccion cablegrafica: 


JAMOTLEY, NEW YORK 


JAMES M. MOTLEY “2 2 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 
THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 
GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO., LTD. 
THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 
STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 


Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan: 


Locomotoras 
Carros para cafia 
Ruedas para carros 
Rieles y accessorios 
Chuchos y ranas 
Aserraderos 
Calderas 


Maquinas, de vapor y 
de gasolina 


Tanques 
Tornos 
Trapiches y toda clase 


de maquinaria para 
Ingenios de Azucar 


Calentadores de agua 
de alimentacion 
Alambiques para agua 


bse E ; Madera, pino amarillo 
A solicitud se remiten catalogos y presupuestos. 


Direccién cablegrafica: JAMOTLEY, New York (Se usan todas las claves). 


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ERE CUBA KEV EE Ww 3 


HOLBROOK TOWING LINE, Inc. 


W. S. HOLBROOK, Pres. 
Sea, Harbor and General Towing. Steamship Towing a Specialty 


Boilers Tested for any Required Pressure Night Phone 
Phone Broad 1105 Bay Ridge 
4266-4267 15 WILLIAM ST., NEW YORK, U.S.A. 1368 Richsnond ‘Hill 


WILLETT & GRAY, Brokers and Agents 


sonetcu ND = SUGARS sy a 


REFINED 


82 Wall Street, New York 


Publishers of Daily and Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal—the recognized authority of the trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC MARKET ADVICES FURNISHED 


POPULAR TROLLEY TRIPS 


Via the HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD to 
Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guanajay from 5 A. M.to8 P.M. Last train 11.20 P. M. 
FARE - - $1.00 


Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guines—— from 5.50 A. M. to7.50 P.M. Last train 11.10 P. M. 
BARE: 22.02 (alc) $1.95 


SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
CASA BLANCA (CABANA FORTRESS) FROM 
LUZ FERRY, HAVANA, TO 


Reglan (Renny, ere ae tes et ole ee tae eae $0.06 
Guanabacoa (Ferry and Electric Railway)............. .II 
Casa Blanca and Cabafias Fortress (Ferry)............ .06 


Ferry Service to Regla and Car Service to Guanabacoa every 15 minutes, from 
5 A. M. to 10.30 P. M., every 30 minutes thereafter up to 12 midnight, and hourly 
thence to5 A.M. To "Casa Blanca, every 30 minutes from 5.30 A. M. to 11 P. M. 


Telephone Box 186 


John Munro & Son| |°°*” ee. 


YULE & MUNRO 
Steamship and 
Engineers’ Supplies SHIPWRIGHTS 


CAULKERS, SPAR MAKERS, 
722 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. BOAT BUILDERS, ETC. 


Cable Address: Kunomale, New York No. 9 Summit Street 
Telephone 3300 South Near Atlantic Dock, © BROOKLYN 


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A THE CUBA REVIEW 


Insist upon Walker’s “LION” Packing 


Avoid imitations, insist upon getting WALKER’S 
METALLIC “LION” PACKING. Look for ‘The 
Thin Red Line’’ which runs through all the 


Genuine and the ‘Lion’? Brass Trade Mark 
Labels and Seals attached. 


WRITE FOR 
OUR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


JAMES WALKER & COMPANY, Ltd. 
46 West Street New York City 


United Railways of Havana 
WESTERN DIVISION 


TRAIN SERVICE DAILY 


PM|PM!|PM]|]AM]AM]AM| Fare Fare| AM |AM]/]PM{|PM/]PM/|PM 
6.15 | 2.55 | 1.45 /10 15 | 6.55 | 5.45 | Istel.|Lv....Cen.Sta....Ar} 3d cl. | 7.20 [11.09 |12.01 | 3.20 | 7.09 | 8.00 
8.24 | 4.24 | 3.55 |12.24 | 8.24 | 7.55 |$2.65 Ar....Artemisa....Lv}$1.40 | 5.15 | 9.40 | 9.45 | 1.15 | 5.40 | 5.45 
Bo 5.51 |... ...e-| 9.51 || 5.19 JAr...Paso Real...Lv| 2.54 |...... 8:05: ||. < asl |seemer 406— 
| 6.05 | ...+-{10.05 |......] 5:62 |Ar.. Herradura. . Ly) 2.74 |. 22.7. ge: A eed Ee 3.48 |..... 

6.56 | ...|10.56 | 7.30 | 6.71 |Ar.. Pinar del Rio..Lvj 3.25 |...... 6255: | eee ollaeeeee 2.55 | 6.00 

8.40 12.40 |11 45 | 8.83. )Ar...<. Guane..,,.. Ly] 4:22) |... 2s. 5:20" | netscnl seer 1.20 | 2.00 
PM|PM|PM|PM/|PM | A M AM|AM/]AM{|PM!]PM|PM 


Round Trip Fares from Havana to 


PinOS.). ytescse ieee ee 15 cts: Rancho) Boyeros,.-- see 40 cts. 
TROLLEY Arroyo Naranjo ........ 25 cts. Santiago de las Vegas... .55 cts. 
Calabazars.cceaeeee ere 30:cts., - Rincons <5 oh) 4m eee 65 cts. 


TRIPS 


Leaving Central Station every half hour from 5.15 A. M. to 7.15 P. M., 
and every hour thereafter to 11.15 P. M. 


Exports of Boots and Shoes to Cuba 


In the following table will be found the United States exports of boots and shoes to 


Cuba for the twelve months ending June, 1920 and 1921: 


12 Months Ending June— 


1920 1921 
Quantity Value Quantity Value 
Children’s, pairs............ 1,807,908 $3,058,000 1,929,293 $3,575,797 
Men’s, pairs... Se eee oe 1,605,033 7,827,344 1,770,657 10,137,091 
Women’s, pairs. tye tfig nee 1,228,777 2,902,582 945,529 2,590,187 


Exports of Bituminous Coal from the United States to Cuba, 1914 to 1920 


Year Ended June 30— 


1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 
Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 


1,129,594 1,065,206 1,243,394 1,445,722 1,494,937 1,002,839 1,243,098 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 
An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 67 Wall Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 

SUBSCRIPTION 

$1.00 Per Year - - - - 10 Cents Single Copy 
ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 


Vol. XIX OCTOBER, 1921 No. 11 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page—A Street in Guanabacoa. 
Frontispiece—New Aqueduct, Santiago de Cuba. 


PAGE 
Aerial Passenger Service, New York-Havana............................ 15 
Bamkan op orquid ations Commissions e ee rae ene ee 15 
Cuban Financial Matters: 
Cabaaailro adi © OMe spies eres ee ase aan eta ea 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 
Rrevallinesericesson Cubanisecuritiesass- as se ee eee eae 27 
Ani INECEnouS Oi Cilio INEWINOROR.5csssnacocacnoacenesanenusecae 26, 27 
Cuban Government Matters: 
PAM CLIC AWS ATURET Spa SUE VEN koraee eran e Reo toe eae nen eee US ies cy ance, «Osrretals 11 
American Business Men to Protest Against Tariff.................... 11 
Appropriavionstom Centralakichyweayneea ase e een see eae ee d 
CibankSrreiomigaritien sees. teeta ate iene eee mene cet Se 10, 11 
Cuban Commercial Mission, illustration............................ 9 
Cuban Domesticybondwlssues! aes egos trey oko eet eee se as laeceie ae 7 
Culsank GiitecowVend utiewece.- spd oe erence Aoiace soy omas Ses aes Z 
@ubansirades Mission towlondonla1.5.4- 2925-02 es aee. 5 oo eon eee iG 
ifthe NationaleMedicaliCongresssa pene ee 7 
Sefior Don Sebastiin Gelabert, Secretary of Treasury of Cuba, illustra- 
(IKONS ces isa al er anne ee ote ees A See a a 8 
Wein fe Call Sierra tetas ace Nae G Sr eee ee menue cep Me Hie, mucosa ay: 7 
Cuban Imports of Chemicals, Gums, etc............................ 23, 24, 25 
Havana orrespondence acne 1. contains ces tet ni S eaves ae een 12, 18, 14, 15 
Nahionak Cina banke BederaltAgentani@ubane:c 2.2) sso oe oe: 15 


Some Interesting Products of Cuban Soil, illustrated, by C. D. Mell, 
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 
The Sugar Industry: 


Argentine Sugar Crop Estimate for 1921...........................- 38 
JB GUNG VOTE AY ONO VURE NY are natin ph eee Wa are ger eee cae ede epi eas ae AlN 38 
Harmag Nachum eriyainy CU ares cc eter crete ewe ape ae pee ee ieee ee alae ye 35 
JE) ou by ay ona VS) TSIEN 0V0 Kshs Shes eae ea eet ace niet eed Bate pete eens en oR RISA GI 35 
IProcinenon ior Colom. oso bosdsecacetcqcsonceoues cs doséaccouce 38 
ReportaromiCubanw Legation myParisaasee see eae sees ee sear 33 
United States; Sucar imports forsAugusty-s444--.40s5 55 sesso ae eee 34 
Worl!ld’s Record Production of a Sugar Mill......................... 33 
SUCATmevMdeweptom ois lieu Ureoe eh is. esl rae apenemea teen ome. homies cee art em ee tS, 36, 37 
SUG ATMS VLC Wed OO AMS Meee auras 1 eer Uh PRIN re colton i eat eur enero ana Se 37, 38 


LW 


REVIE 


CUBA 


THE 


“Eqn ap Oseyueg “onpenby MIN 


BOTANICAL 
GARDEI 


iL. ; 
NEV 


CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 


Copyright, 1921, by the Munson Steamship Line 


VotumME XIX OCTOBER, 1921 NuMBER 11 


Cuban Government Matters 


Cuban Domestic Bond Issue 


A bill authorizing a domestic bond 
issue of $45,000,000 to pay government 
obligations outstanding previous to May 
20, 1921, has been approved by the Cuban 
House of Representatives. The measure 
now goes to the Senate. 

The government has decided to sell the 
securities taken in the liquidation of the 
Banco Nacional in order to realize, in part 
at least, on the bank’s guarantees for 
nearly $28,000,000 in government deposits. 
The value of the securities, however, is 
problematical. 


Appropriation for Central Highway 


The Cuban congress has before it a bill 
which proposes to double the appropriation 
of $1,200,000 for the construction of the 
central highway, which is to traverse the 
entire length of the island, from the Cape 
of San Antonio on the west to Cape Maisi 
on the east, passing through Havana, 
Matanzas, Santa Clara, Santiago de Cuba, 
Holguin, and other important centers. 


War Medals 


Two medals for the Cuban Navy are to 
__be struck; one commemorating the cam- 
“paigns since 1902, date of the founding of 
~ the Republic, and the other the part of the 
_-havy in the World War. The second bears 
~,on the obverse a submarine in relief, and 

on the reverse the inscription, “Campaign 
- for Humanity, Justice and Law.” 


ae) 


4 


Fifth National Medical Congress 


The Fifth National Medical Congress 
of Cuba, which will be presided over by 
Dr. Presno, Professor of the School of 
Medicine, Havana, will be held December 
11th to 17th. It will be composed of the 
following sections: 

I. General medicine. Il. General 
surgery. Ill. Hygiene, demography, 
and legal medicine. IV. Tropical medi- 
cine; parasitology. V. Ophthalmology 
and otorhinolaryngology. 

Doctors from American countries as well 
as from Spain and France have been in- 
vited to attend the congress. 


Cuban Trade Mission to London 


Negotiations relative to various matters 
at issue between Cuba and Great Britain 
are projected by the Cuban Government, 
which has asked General Mario G. 
Menocal, former President, to head the 
mission of Cuba to London next month. 
Ex-president Menocal is at present visiting 
in Europe. 


Cuban Gift to Verdun 


Sefior Dominguez, former Cuban Min- 
ister to France, has presented to Mayor 
Robin of Verdun a fund of 65,000 francs 
for the creation of an infant school in Ver- 
dun. This money was collected in Cuba 
by the newspapers of Havana. 

Sefior Dominguez was accompanied to 
Verdun by André Maginot, Minister of 
Pensions in the French Cabinet. 


st 
iS 


 ———————— 
8 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Senor Don Sebastian Gelabert, Secretary of the Treasury of Cuba. President of the Cuban 
Commercial Mission Now in the United States. 


Courtesy of ‘‘Bulletin of the Pan American Union.’’) 


ICE CO BA te E Vot iW 


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10 THE CUBA REVIEW 


a ——— 


Cuban Brief on Tariff 


Minister de Cespedes of Cuba, on behalf 
of the Cuban Commercial Mission to the 
United States, has presented a formal 
memorandum to the Senate Finance Com- 
mittee, urging a reduction in United States 
tariff rates on Cuban products or an in- 
crease in the preferential provided for by 
the reciprocity treaty. 

Tables accompanying the brief show 
that exports from thé United States to 
Cuba in 1914, aggregating $515,000,000, 
were exceeded only by those to the United 
Kingdom, Canada and France, while the 
Cuban outward trade to this country ex- 
ceeded that to all South America combined. 

In reference to sugar the brief states: 
“On May 27, 1921, Cuba was selling her 
sugar at 3.875 cents a pound. The Emer- 
gency Tariff Act was signed by President 
Harding on the night of the 27th, and went 
into effect on the 28th; immediately there- 
after Cuban sugar depreciated to the ex- 
tent of 60 cents per 100 pounds, which is 
exactly the difference between the old and 
the new tariff rate on sugar for Cuba, 
equivalent to about $2 per bag. This 
means, on our production of 26,000,000 
bags, a loss of $52,000,000 a year; but 
confining our figures to this year’s crop, as 
16,000,000 bags were unshipped at the time 
the Emergency Tariff Act was signed, we 
may say that Cuba had an actual loss of 
$32,000,000 over night. 

“The carry-over was the result of the 
world-wide inflation of 1920, and the large 
production was due to the strenuous efforts 
made by Cuba during the last two years 
of the World War to meet the Allies’ press- 
ing demands for sugar. We were asked 
by the United States Government to pro- 
duce this commodity needed by the Allies 
to the extent of the latter’s requirements 
and practically with the sole limitation of 
our producing capacity. It is fair to re- 
member that through this contribution of 
Cuba to the Allies’ cause, a veritable sugar 
famine in the United States and European 
countries was averted. 

“If the duty on sugar imposed by the 
Emergency Tariff is perpetuated by the 
Fordney Act now under consideration, our 
sugar will be reduced in value thereby and 
the rate accorded us by the reciprocity 
treaty between the United States and Cuba, 


which is in existence, will be utterly in- 
sufficient to achieve, from our Cuban point 
of view, its only object and fundamental 
purpose: a mutual protection and recipro- 
cal benefits. 


“Tf Cuba is not fairly treated on the basis 
of true reciprocity, she cannot produce 
sugar to any extent, and these undesirable 
conditions will bring about the total col- 
lapse of our economic structure, with im- 
mense losses to the American investors 
doing a legitimate business in Cuba; to the 
present American creditors who will have 
no way of collecting the large sums of 
money due them; to the American manu- 
facturers, farmers, and exporters at large, 
who will lose a market that ranks fourth in 
importance in the world today and which 
may still be developed further; and with a 
positive loss to the American consumer of 
sugar, who will eventually have to import 
more than 50 per cent. of his total con- 
sumption from other countries—from coun- 
tries which produce sugar at a higher cost 
and on which they will have to pay heavier 
freights. Besides. such exporters of sugar 
to the United States will not certainly buy 
from you the enormous amount of goods 
that Cuba is buying at present. 


“Furthermore, Paragraph 502 delivers 
the producer, both American and Cuban, 
of Cuban sugar, entirely at the mercy of 
the American refiners, by awarding a 25 
per cent. decrease in the rate of duty, on 
all sugars imported by American refiners 
and manufacturers into the United States 
for refining purposes, to the extent of two 
pounds for each pound refined from sugar, 
either cane or beet, grown in the conti- 
nental United States. This will, it is true, 
encourage the American refiner and manu- 
facturer to use as much sugar produced in 
the continental United States as possible, 
as by so doing he will be entitled to import 
a greater quantity of other sugars, enjoying 
a 25 per cent. duty preferential. But it 
will also make it impossible for the Cuban, 
American and other producers of Cuban 
sugar, as well as Philippine, Hawaiian and 
Porto Rican sugar, the same not being pro- 
duced in the continental United States, to 
import into and sell in the markets of the 
United States any sugar in competition 
with American refiners, who will have a 25 
per cent. advantage in cost. Will this not 


Ee, = C20nB Ar ie EP Vole Ee Wy 11 


create an absolute monopoly in the Ameri- 
can refineries, giving them entire control 
of price? It is submitted that the prac- 
tical operation of this Paragraph 502, if 
made law, will reduce the production of 
Cuban, Philippine, Hawaiian and Porto 
Rican sugar, by either Cubans or Ameri- 
cans, to absolute dependence upon Ameri- 
can refiners and manufacturers, and will 
destroy sugar production as a separate in- 
dustry, making it industrially subservient 
to refiners.” 

In conclusion, the brief summarizes the 
appeal of the mission as follows: 

“Tt is, therefore, respectfully requested 
and recommended that the duty on Cuban 
sugar existing prior to the enactment of 
the Emergency Tariff Act be reestablished, 
or that the present 20 per cent. duty prefer- 
ential awarded by the treaty of commercial 
reciprocity of 1902 to Cuban sugars im- 
ported into the United States be increased, 
by legislation or treaty, from 20 per cent. 
to 50 per cent., which by virtue of the 
increased tariff rate, would make the net 
duty thereon the same as existing before the 
enactment of the Emergency Tariff Act.” 


American Business Men in Protest 
Against Tariff 

Announcement has been made of the 
organization of the American Committee 
on Cuban Emergency, composed of Amer- 
ican business interests whose trade with 
Cuba is seriously affected by the present 
industrial depression in the island due to 
the slump in the sugar market. Head- 
quarters of the committee have been estab- 
lished at 25 West 43d Street. 

The announced purpose of this com- 
mittee is to bring to the attention of Con- 
gress the unfortunate effect of the 60 per 
cent. increased sugar duties enacted by the 
Emergency Tariff act, and to urge Congress 
to reconsider those duties if the effective 
period of the Emergency Tariff act is ex- 
tended, and to reduce the rate of 1.6c. a 
pound, as it now stands in the Fordney 
Tariff bill as it passes the House to the Ic. 
a pound rate in effect before the enactment 
of the emergency act. The committee in 
its announcement points out that the do- 
mestic sugar industry prospered under the 


old rate of 1c. a pound and that there is no 
excuse for the increase which the Fordney 
bill would enact. 


Among the members of the committee are 
the following: E. J. Berwind, Berwind-White 
Coal Mining Company, 11 Broadway, New 
York; R. F. Almirall, vice-president West 
India Oil Refining Company; E. F. Atkins, 
president Punta Alegre Sugar Company. 
Boston; Charles H. Candler, president Coco- 
Cola Company, Atlanta; A. B. Farquhar, 
president A. B. Farquhar Company, York, 
Pa.; Andrew Fletcher, president American 
Locomotive Company; H.C. Fox, Fox Bros. 
& Co.; W.S. Franklin, vice-president Ameri- 
can Trading Company; J. M. Hansen, presi- 
dent Standard Steel Car Company; R. B 
Hawley, president Cuban-American Sugar 
Company; M. M. Hedges, president Casey- 
Hedges Company, Chattanooga, Tenn.; E. M. 
Herr, president Westinghouse Electric & 
Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh, 
Pa.; F. N. Hoffstot, president Pressed Steel 
Car Company; Adolf B. Horn, vice-president 
United States and Cuban Allied Works En- 
gineering Corporation; H.C. Lakin, president 
Cuba Company; W. W. Woodin, president 
American Car & Foundry Export Company; 
J. P. Beckwith, vice-president Florida Hast 
Coast Car Ferry Company, St. Augustine, 
Fla.; Charles F. Bliss, president Farrel Foun- 
dry & Machine Company, Ansonia, Conn. ; 
John McE. Bowman, president Bowman 
Hotels; Louis K. Liggett, president United 
Drug Company, Boston; Frank C. Lowry, E. 
Atkins & Co.; Robert J. Magor, president 
Magor Car Corporation; J. A. Munroe, vice- 
president E. T. Wright & Co., Rockland, 
Mass.; W. E. Ogilvie, president Cuba Cane 
Sugar Company; Charles Piez, president 
Link-Belt Company; Manuel E. Rionda, 
Czarnikow-Rionda Company; Horatio S. 
Rubens, chairman of board, Cuba Railroad 
Company; Henry A. Rubino, president 
Miranda Sugar Company; H. J. Steinbreder, 
president Fulton Iron Works, St. Louis; 
Joseph B. Terbell, president American Brake 
Shoe & Foundry Company; George E. Tur- 
nure, Lawrence Turnure & Co.; Samuel M. 
Vauclain, president Baldwin Locomotive 
Works, Philadelphia; Charles A. Schieren, 
president Charles A. Schieren Company. 


American Bankers’ Survey 


It is reported that Dwight W. Morrow, 
of J. P. Morgan & Company, and Norman 
H. Davis, formerly Assistant Secretary of 
the Treasury, have gone to Cuba for a 
first-hand survey of the financial situation, 
and will confer with General Enoch 
Crowder and Cuban officials regarding 
the proposed loan. 


12 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Havana Correspondence 
Havana, September 23, 1921. 


Sugar: During the past month one more Central has been added to the number 
which have ceased grinding for the present season. This mill is ‘ Delicias’”’ of Puerto 
Padre, which experienced a very successful season from the standpoint of production, 
the total number of bags ground being 768,378, some 60,000 bags more than estimated at 
the beginning of the season. This leaves but three mills still in operation, Centrals 
“Boston” and “ Preston”’ of the United Fruit Co., and “Santa Lucia”’ in Oriente Province. 
The two former mills will probably cease grinding w ‘thin the next week or two. 

During the current grinding season the 196 Centrals now closed produced a total of 
26,648,071 bags of sugar, of which it is estimated that approximately one-third is still in 
warehouses here unsold. This is considerably in excess of the amount on hand at this 
time last year. 

While no definite action has been taken by the government which would tend to 
insure more stable conditions next season than those which have prevailed during the 
present one, hope is expressed by the sugar interests that the pending loan with the 
United States will have been finally negotiated by that time and that a large portion of 
the money will be utilized for their benefit. If sugar is to be expected to continue in the 
future, as it has been in the past, the principal crop and revenue producer of the island, 
there is no question but that some aid will have to be extended to the industry in the near 
future. The large losses experienced by practically all of the sugar interests, both large 
and small, during the past season cannot continue indefinitely without utter demorali- 
zation of the industry in Cuba. 

It is not believed that the next crop will be much smaller than that of this season, 
although, of course, owing to lack of funds for development purposes, purchase of machin- 
ery, and labor hire, many hundreds of acres which otherwise would have been cleared and 
planted will be held over until more favorable conditions prevail. At one time the 
restriction of the crop was looked upon as a possible solution of the sugar problem, but 
this view is now considered impracticable as well as injurious to the future of the industry. 
It is argued that should action be taken to restrict production beet sugar interests in the 
United States and sugar growers elsewhere would be encouraged to increase their pro- 
duction and in this way lessen the demand for Cuban sugar. 

Readjustment of wages to be paid the cane cutters and other labor connected with the 
sugar industry is another problem that will also have to be solved before the beginning of 
the next grinding season. If sugar is to continue to sell at the low price it has been sold 
at during the past months, pre-war wages must again prevail, otherwise the crop will 
again be marketed at a loss as it has been during the present season. Considerable 
interest is being evinced as to what disposition will be made of the numerous Centrals 
which have been taken over by the various foreign banking syndicates. It is not known 
whether they will operate these mills themselves or dispose of them to outside parties. 
It has been rumored that one large foreign banking institution here has twenty-five of 
these Centrals on its hands now and that the formation of a subsidiary company to con- 
tinue their operation is being considered. 

FINANCIAL Sirvation: Business stagnation, which began with the declaration of 
the moratorium last October, still continues to prevail without signs of any immediate 
recovery. While there is a considerable amount of liquidation of stocks taking place in 
practically every line of business, little buying is being done, the general feeling being that 
prices have not as yet reached their lowest level. 

The result of the pending negotiations in Washington for a loan is being watched with 
interest and the results of the conference between the Cuban Committee and the repre- 
sentatives of the United States Government are anxiously awaited in financial circles. 
Up to the present w riting, there have been no definite advices received as to the outcome 
of these negotiations, but there is a feeling that before they are terminated some agreement 


De CORB Am thee EW 13 


will be reached between the respective government representatives for the handling of this 
proposed loan. 

Until such time as the government is able to secure additional funds, whether it be 
in the form of a foreign loan or through an interior loan, business and industry will remain 
practically at a standstill. The agricultural interests, especially the sugar people, must 
have some government assistance if they are to be expected to continue to operate. The 
government itself is badly in need of additional funds as well and many of the employes 
in all branches of government service have not been paid for some time. 

It is believed that the chief obstacle in the way of securing the proposed loan from 
the United States Government is the belief that no loan will be made without a super- 
vision clause, giving the latter government some control over the manner in which the 
funds shall be expended. This proposition has met with disapproval from many sources 
here, chiefly from the politicians, who argue that it would be an infringement upon the 
rights of the republic to control its own government functions as it may see fit. There 
have been several unsubstantiated rumors to the effect that private banking interests in 
New York have the question of a loan issue under consideration, but it is not known 
whether there is anything stronger than rumor connected with this information. 

For the first time in the history of the island the balance of trade is against Cuba, 
and this condition is likely to continue until such time as trade is stimulated to a sufficient 
extent to again bring the importations back to normal. This stimulation can only be 
effected through increased confidence in the government and the ability of the people to 
buy more goods, and in order to ensure this result the government will have to provide 
some way to mect its obligations, both to its employes and the commercial interests to 
whom it is indebted. 

Slow progress is being made in the reconstruction work on the defunct banking 
institutions and as yet there are no signs of criminal action, although it would seem from 
the report of the findings of the examiners of these institutions that such action is essential 
if the people are expected to ever again place their confidence in institutions operating 
under such lax laws as are now existing and which permit such pernicious manipulation 
of their funds. Plans for the reorganization of the National Bank of Cuba are under way 
and it is thought this institution will soon reopen its doors. Four other banks, which 
closed during the moratorium period, have also asked permission of their creditors to be 
allowed to resume business and are awaiting the approval of creditors before taking such 
action, all of them having secured new capital with which to resume operation. 

Lagpor: A recent strike on the part of the street-cleaners’ union for payment of 
back wages caused considerable annoyance and protest. Garbage remained uncollected 
upon the streets for several days and the Department of Public Works finally hired new 
men to do the work. 

It is reported that the British Government has demanded that the Cuban Govern- 
ment stand responsible for the non-payment of wages to the Jamaican laborers engaged in 
working in the cane fields, who had been given “‘vales” by the planters in the place of 
money, many of these ‘‘vales”’ having little, if any, value. 

As a result of a sympathetic strike caused by the action taken by Armour & Co. in 
reducing the wages of their drivers to pre-war basis, the freight handlers of the Havana 
Central Railroad went out on strike. It is thought that prompt action on the part of the 
officials of that road in replacing these men with others, whom it is claimed do much 
better and more efficient work than the union employes formerly engaged, will cause the 
strike to be ineffective. 

The obstinate stand taken by the various unions in their desperate attempt to keep 
wages at the maximum while at the same time complaining about the high cost of living 
is most inconsistent, and it is only a question of a short time when it is believed they will 
be forced to accept a lower wage scale in harmony with the new conditions or be replaced 
by men of non-union tendencies. 

PresIDENT Buys ANoTHER Farm: President Zayas has gone to the country as a 
means of finding rest from the cares and responsibilities of the executive office, and has 


14 THE CUBA KREVIEW 


purchased another farm located near the capital. The President already owns a hand- 
some estate known as ‘‘Kokoito,’’ where he formerly enjoyed spending the weekend, but 
he found the trip rather tiresome as the estate is located quite a distance from the city. 

ANGLO-SAXON Hospitat FINALLY EstaBLisHep: After many disappointments the 
committee of business men who have been working on the plans for the establishment 
of a hospital for the English-speaking people of Cuba are happy to announce the estab- 
lishment in Vedado of this long looked-for and much needed institution. The hospital 
contains twenty-six rooms, and is fitted out with the most modern equipment obtainable. 
There will be an American nurse and housekeeper in constant attendance, and the hos- 
pital will be open to the patients of all physicians recognized by the Board. Funds for 
the maintenance of this institution are guaranteed by monthly subscriptions from publie- 
spirited persons of the English-speaking Colony. 

DecREASE IN TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CuBA: The following 
figures will serve to give an idea of the falling off in the trade between Cuba and the 
United States: Exportations from the United States to Cuba during the month of July, 
1921, amounted to $10,204,000 against $35,163,000 for the same month of 1920. The 
total exports from the United States to Cuba for the first seven months of the calendar 
year of 1921 were valued at $140,781,000 as against $277,663,000 for the same period 
of 1920. Exports from Cuba to the United States for the month of July, 1921, amounted 
to $9,060,000 as against $118,684,000 for July, 1920. The total exportations from Cuba 
to the United States for the first seven months of 1921 were valued at $170,087,000 as 
against $581,005,000 for the same months in 1920. 

New JAPANESE SHip Comina To HAvANA: The newspapers report that the ‘“Havana 
Maru,”’ a new ship belonging to the well-known Japanese steamship line, ‘Osaka Shosen 
Kaisha,” will arrive in Havana during the first part of October, with a full cargo of rice 
from the Orient. 

New Coat Company Formep: A new coal company was recently formed in Havana 
under the name of the National Coal Company. The officers are: P. B. Locker, Presi- 
dent; C. R. Andreu, Vice-President; E. C. Armstrong, Vice-President; R. Mora, 
Treasurer; and G. Sequeira, Secretary. 

Iranian Minister Presents CREDENTIALS: On September 7th the new Italian 
Minister to Cuba, Count Girolano Maselli, officially presented his credentials to President 
Zayas. The usual ceremonies were observed. 

CaBLe Company To Have New Burtpine: The Commercial Cable Company of 
Cuba has leased the building commonly referred to as Cuba No. 66, for a number of 
years at a yearly rental, it is stated, of $15,000. The building, which is situated at the 
corner of Cuba and O’Reilly streets, in the heart of Havana downtown business district, 
will undergo considerable changes, work on which has already been commenced. 

Custom Housr Receipts ror THE Montu or Aucust: Havana Custom House 
receipts for the month of August, 1921, were $2,153,903.83, which amount, considering 
existing conditions in Cuba, may be said to be very good. 

IvaLIAN-CuBAN ImporTING AND ExportinG ComMpANy ORGANIZED: This company, 
which is composed of such well-known members of Havana’s Italian colony as Sr. José 
Pennino Barbatto, Dr. Orestes Ferrara, Sr. Mario Manzini, Sr. Pascual Pietropaolo and 
others, has been formed with a working capital of $100,000 and will engage in the im- 
portation and exportation of general merchandise. 

CommerctaL ATTACHE FOR AMERICAN LEGATION: In accordance with a new plan 
devised by Secretary Hoover, Mr. Chester L. Jones has been named to act as Commercial 
Attaché for Cuba, his duties being to establish a closer relationship in the commercial 
field between the two countries and to promote American interests wherever possible. 

Jiryey Fares to Be Repucep: Although a recent meeting of the Union of Chauf- 
feurs decided against the lowering of the tariff now in effect, a large number of public 
service chauffeurs announced their intention of disregarding this decision and cutting 
the tariff to the old rates in effect before the outbreak of the Great War. 

Diver Ficuts SHarks WHILE SEARCHING FoR Buriep TREASURE: J. Barquin, a 


IEIGLIE (CM IB BU Teg IOI II, 15 


diver who has been working for several days among the remains of an old Spanish boat 
which sank off Morro Castle some twenty years ago and is said to have several thousand 
dollars hidden away in a safe, has been attacked several times by vicious man-eating 
Sharks, and while he has always been successful in warding them off by using a large 
knife, it has finally been decided to use a heavy steel cage to protect him against these 
attacks. 

Horets PLazA AND SEVILLA Maxina IMproveMENTs: In anticipation of the ex- 
pected large attendance of tourists this winter, the Hotel Plaza announces the addition 
of twenty-five rooms, as well as a new dining room to be located on the main floor. The 
Sevilla, it is said, is also intending to make alterations and improvements in the near 
future. 

Cupa LEADS IN TELEPHONE SeERvIcE: According to a recent issue of the Cuba 
Telephone Company’s Magazine, this country leads all the Spanish-American countries 
in the number of telephones per capita and money invested in equipment. 

LEGIONAIRES LEAVE FOR Spain: Seven hundred members of the Cuba Legion, 
including many former American and English World War veterans, recruited by Spain 
to fight against the Moors in Morocco, left Havana for Spain on September 21st on the 
steamship “‘Alfonso XII.’ While no official farewell was permitted by the Government, 


many hundreds lined up along the Malecon to wave a farewell to the men. 


Aerial Passenger Service, 
New York-Havana 


The Aeromarine Airways, Inc., in- 
augurated aerial passenger service between 
New York and Havana, Cuba, on Septem- 
ber 22d, when a six-passenger flying boat 
left the Hudson River on the 1,400-mile 
flight. The boat arrived at Havana on 
September 25th, the actual flying time be- 
ing nineteen hours. Stops were made at 
Atlantic City, Beaufort, 8. C., Miami and 
Key West. Those who made the initial 
trip were Miss Donna Mobley, Miss Gladys 
Carruthers, F. Lopez de Haro and Alegario 
Monteo. D. G. Richardson and Richard 
Greisinger acted as pilots. 

A delegation from the Aero Club of 
Havana and representatives of the Cuban 
Government welcomed the craft when it 
arrived. 

The fare to Cuba is $250. 


Banking Liquidation Commission 


The Comision de Liquidacion Bancaria, 
created by the Cuban Government for the 
purpose of investigating and solving the 
financial and credit problems at present 
affecting that island adversely, has ap- 
pointed as secretary Dr. Miguel Pujol, 
famed economist, lawyer and publisher 
of Havana. 


Dr. Pujol succeeds former Secretary 
Carlos Armenteros, recently appointed 
Minister of the Republic of Cuba in Rome. 
Other members of the commission are 
Erasmo Regueiferos, Clarence EH. Marino 
and Manuel Enriquez Gomez, all well 
known in Cuban financial circles. 


National City Bank Federal Agent 
in Cuba 


Announcement has been made by the 
Federal Reserve Bank of New York that 
it has appointed the National City Bank 
its correspondent and agent in Cuba. The 
appointment was made with the approval 
of the Federal Reserve Board and was 
made under the terms of Section 14 of the 
Federal Reserve act. 

The National City Bank is the first 
national institution to be appointed an 
agent of the Federal Reserve Bank of 
New York. 


New Refinery 


Some time ago a large refinery was built 
at the Socorro sugar central in Matanzas 
Province. The Socorro mill ended its sea- 
son with a production of 303,000 sacks of 
sugar of 325 pounds each. The refinery 
has a capacity of 1,200 sacks per day. 


a 


16 THE CUBA REVIELW 


Cs ; 
Reta 


The Calabash Tree. 


Some Interesting Products of Cuban Soil 


By C. D. Mell 
The Calabash Tree of Cuba 


One of the most interesting of the West Indian trees is the Guira, Guira Cimarrona 
or Higuera of Cuba. The fruit of this tree is called calabash and is what attracts the 
attention of the northern traveler, for the woody rind forms one of the most curious 
vegetable substitutes for glass and earthenware for drinking cups and other domestic 
utensils in tropical America. Cups, mugs, ladles, bowls, basins, and, in fact, almost every 
article of household use, are made from them by the poorer classes in all parts of the trop- 
ics. They are used almost exclusively for drinking cups in Cuba and other parts of trop- 


DCE CROOB vA. We Ee VAlB, W 17 


The Vendors Awaiting Customers. 


ical America, as well as for saucepans or kettles in which to boil water. The shell is very 
hard, tough and not inflammable, and bears the fire for several successive times without 
injury. 

The fruit varies in size and general outline on different trees, but may be described 
as round, oval or even bottle-shaped, and by skilful tying the growing fruit can be made 
to assume almost any form. In recent years a good many of the smaller fruits that were 
properly grown and molded when young were used for making smokers’ pipes. The 
larger and well developed fruits are from twelve to eighteen inches in diameter, and 
have a thin greenish yellow skin over a hard and woody shell. The pulp within 
consists of a pale yellow soft and juicy substance, which is regarded by some to be a 
valuable remedy for certain internal disorders. 

When the fruit is ripe and the pulp is removed, the hard shell is dried and reduced 
by scraping. The small cups hold from one to four pints, and the large oval ones as much 
as seven to eight quarts. The outside of the shells is often highly polished and ornamented 
by means of figures carved, engraved or printed upon them. In this condition they are 
sold extensively to the northern travelers. The elaborately carved calabashes often bring 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


Carrying Calabashes to Market. 


s two or three dollars. Locally, there is a good trade in the ripe, dried fruits of 


2 “ s of them art d on the backs of donkeys to the 
: : ties, where there is ly sale for them. 
ssibly, the single exception of the royal palm, there is no other tree in Cuba 


r so useful as the calabash. It is always the first tree to be planted 
squatter makes a clearing and builds for himself a new home. Although the 


vs wild and scatteringly throughout the forests of Cuba, it appears to thrive best 


~ } = ») specia requireme! sas Oo soul 


or site, and often grows under 
rs nditions. The trunks are sometimes almost completely girdled by 


her cutting tools and yet the trees grow and produce 


sh is ge t S it r thirty feet in height and 
Ss in di r invariably crooked and the 

s g The t eas suished by its peculiar habit 

g larg less hor t I ich bear small clusters of 


The Mammey Apple of the West Indies 
mmey apple is an important tropical American fruit that is referred to also 
apricot. The French call it the abricot or abrotier and the Portuguese abrico 
Phere are several varieties of these mammey apples growing all over the Amer- 


S ferent names, but the one known best to the 
= | 4 
t grows to be from thirty to sixty feet high and is planted more or less 


g ich soil all through the tropics and as far north as Palm Beach, Florida. 
n int Iso into the tropical parts of the Old World because of its fruit, 
1 in all yuntries. Although the tree is more or less 
ng on account of its large beautiful dark green leaves and its 


showy lowers, it 1s rarely planted in yards or gardens as a decorative 


EE Ep SCOP BA ie EVE LEW 19 


a 


oe oe 
ge 


Five 
ada 


The Mammey Apple Tree. 


feature, because of the fact that the tree becomes stag-headed or shows a number of 
dead branches relatively early in life. 

The fruit varies from oblate to round and is from four to six inches or more in di- 
ameter. Under favorable conditions it attains the size of a child’s head. It has a more 
or less rough, russet colored, pliable, leathery skin enclosing a yellow, sweet, aromatic 
pulp in which are from one to four large triangular seeds. The outer leathery rind is 
about one-eighth of an inch thick, which may be removed from a second or thin inner 
skin that adheres closely to the pulpy portion of the fruit. When the rinds are cut while 
green a bright yellow mucilaginous juice exudes. The inner rind is generally considered 
mildly poisonous and often produces colic when eaten by children. The pulp normally 
adheres very closely to the seeds, which are often as large as hen’s eggs. 

The pulp is bright yellow and quite juicy though firm in texture. It is sweet and some- 
what aromatic, remotely resembling the true apricots of the temperate climate. To the 
northern traveler in the tropics who tastes the fruit for the first time, it has a more or 
less soapy or even a tarry flavor; others say that the flavor is not unlike that of molasses. 
The fruit is highly relished by the natives of the tropics, and if the best varieties were 
planted more extensively in the near-by tropics, as, for instance, in Cuba, and the fruit 


20 


THE 


CUBA 


REVIEW 


The Seed Partly Exposed. 


This View Shows the Triangular Seed Exposed. 


A Mammey Apple Eight Inches in Diameter. 


PACE CU BA RE VoL EW 21 


Fruit of Chayote. One is Cut Through the Middle, Showing Single Seed. 


placed in the northern markets, a good demand could doubtless be created, for when the 
rich, yellow, juicy pulp is sliced and served with wine, or with sugar and cream, it has 
almost no equal and is generally esteemed. In Europe it is usually preferred in the form 
of sauces, preserves or jam. The fruit is used also as a source of alcohol. 

The flowers of the mammey apple tree yield by distillation an essential oil used in 
the liquors under the name of eau de creole. The bark when cut yields a yellowish gum or 
resin called resina de mammey, which is used by the Indians as a cure for itch, and to 
prevent chiggers from attacking their feet. The bark contains tannin and is regarded as 
being slightly poisonous. 


The Vegetable Pear or Chayote 


One of the most familiar vegetables on the West Indian produce markets is a squash 
variously known as chaka, chayote or choke squash. In shape it resembles a pear and is, 
therefore, often called vegetable pear. It is the mirliton of Haiti and Martinique, the 
pipinella of Madeira and the chayote of Cuba. There are a number of varieties of this 
squash and they are distributed all over the tropics; the one that is generally considered 
the best is the cream-colored variety of Jamaica. The specific name is Sechiwm edule. 
The plant is a native of tropical America, but has now been distributed throughout 
the warmest parts of the globe. 

The vegetable pear plant is a vine almost similar to our squash plant of the north, 
but the fruit is pear-shaped and is solid with but a single large seed as is shown in the 


22 THE CCBA REF LEY. 


accompanying illustration. The fruit varies in size from four to eight inches in 
length and from two to four inches through, tapering upward like a pear. The color is 
usually green, but some varieties are nearly white or cream colored. A single plant when 
grown in good soil and trained on a suitable arbor or trellis often produces as much as 
two hundred so-called pears, and as many as three hundred have been counted in one 
season's growth. 

Northern travelers in the tropies are usually not very fond of the prepared vegetable 
pear in any form, but to the natives and to those who have lived in the West Indies for 
many years, it is generally regarded as being more delicately flavored than our northern 
squash. The cooked fruit is generally creamed, baked or made into fritters, sauces, tarts, 
puddings, salads, or used like potatoes with other vegetables and meats. 

Not only is the fruit a valuable product, but the young shoots, tender immature 
branches and tuberous roots are used as important articles of diet. Of these the tubers are 
most valuable, often weighing as much as twenty pounds, and are prepared and eaten like 
yams. They contain about 20 per cent of starch and have a good flavor. 

It is believed that the fruit as well as the tubers would find a ready sale in the northern 
markets, if they were brought to the United States and offered under the most favorable 
circumstances during a time of the year when other vegetables are scarce in the city 


markets. 


Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation 
To the Holders of 7% Convertible Debentures 
of Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation: 

The Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation has 
arranged with a group of bankers to secure 
at once a loan of $10,000,000 under an 
arrangement which requires the subordina- 
tion of the debentures to the new money 
for the period of said loan and of any re- 
newals, substitutions or refundings thereof. 
As a consideration therefor, the corpora- 
tion is offering to increase the rate of inter- 
est on assenting debentures from 7 per 
cent to 8 per cent per annum from July 
1, 1921, to the maturity of the debentures, 
provided the plan becomes effective. 

The corporation has addressed a_cir- 
cular letter to all of the debenture holders 
whose names are known to it, setting forth 
its present condition and the details of the 
plan. All holders of debentures who have 
not received this letter should communicate 
immediately with the corporation at its 
office, No. 123 Front Street, New York 
City, or obtain copies of the letter from 
Bankers Trust Company, New York City: 
Old Colony Trust Company, Boston, 
Massachusetts, or Continental and Com- 
mercial Trust and Savings Bank, Chicago, 
Illinois. 

Debenture holders are urgently request- 
ed forthwith to assent to the plan by de- 
positing their debentures at the offices of 
any one of the three institutions above 
named. Temporary negotiable receipts will 


be issued therefor, and application will 
be made at once to list these receipts on the 
New York Stock Exchange. 

By order of the Directors, 


Cuspa CANE SuGAR CORPORATION, 
By W. E. Ogilvie, President. 


Cuban Telephone Company 


An issue of $4,000,000 Cuban Telephone 
Company gold, series A, 71% per cent. 
bonds, due in 1941, and not redeemable be- 
fore 1931, has been purchased by the 
National City Company. The bonds are 
offered at 95, to yield 8 per cent. on the 
investment. They are redeemable, in whole 
or in part, on any interest payment date, 
on thirty days’ notice, at 10744 and ac- 
crued interest, between September 1, 1931, 
and 1936, and at 105 and accrued interest 
from that date prior to maturity. 

The Cuban corporation virtually con- 
trols the telephone system of Cuba. 
Through an agreement with the American 
Telegraph and Telephone Company cover- 
ing the tolls and revenues from the three 
submarine cables recently put in operation 
between Havana and Key West, all of the 
borrower’s telephones in Cuba are brought 
into direct connection with all cities in the 
United States and Canada. The Cuban 
corporation’s gross earnings in the year 
ended July 31st were $2,923,142; balance, 
after taxes and charges, was $1,191,433. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 23 


Cuban Imports of Chemicals, Gums, etc. 


Consul General C. B. Hurst, Habana. 


The total imports into Cuba of substances employed in pharmacy, chemical in- 
dustries, and perfumery, during the fiscal years 1913-14 and 1919-20, respectively, were: 
Primary products, $496,440 and $1,750,307; paints, inks and varnishes, $868,261 and 
$2,532,179; chemical products, $4,159,059 and $12,033,918; and oils, soaps, ete., $2,302,883 
and $7,756,015. The total values of primary chemical and pharmaceutical products 
and chemical products imported into Cuba from the various countries during the fiscal 
year ended one month before the war and the latest fiscal year are compared in the 
following table: 


Primary products Chemical products 
Countries 
1913-14 1919-20 1913-14 1919-20 
WimitedtStateses sos ecses nose. $194,694 | $1,222,904 | $2,199,789 | $9,206,127 
Other American countries.......... 39,737 66,728 22,151 191,357 
Cerin ayaa ey tat aes os oan 75,580 4,741 229,437 72,186 
SIDI a ic tan Seca ae et ae een a ear 77,457 339,112 82,380 323,559 
JETRVOVGESS Gedhad gute Eigen ere eae cere 7,220 3,722 850,855 1,852,562 
Wmited Kangdom...........+<.-2. 11,775 14,614 573,311 254,422 
Other European countries.......... 86,822 34,361 97,211 123,729 
Ofherecountriess2.5 +. 2. see 3,155 64,215 3,925 9,976 
BING tree teeta en ace cane ae $496,440 | $1,750,397 | $4,059,059 | $12,033,918 


Quantity of Imports, by Countries of Origin 


The total quantity of imports of chemical products and resins and gums by countries 
of origin during 1913-14, 1917-18 and 1918-19, the latest years for which statistics are 
available, is shown in the following table: 


Countries of origin 1913-14 1917-18 1918-19 
Chemical fertilizers: Kilos Kilos Kilos 

Winiteds States aeanee om ese posh se aes 9,656,052 7,456,185 8,822,446 
rps hwAuaGi lll oe eee tree core leer Sencar BE lean eee aoa laimiaen sicisaralet se 
(CASEI chara wee ges re cece ee eee nat ANS SSG acta sor ee Oa eee oe 
1B eLearn tia cee op eae Sue eB a oncean ene Serna mrteres BBS1098)- [Eee eres aes] Susman 
ETO eter te pire one ty ce ae IE rei eA al eet se arcemnaate cell nicole aia den Ao oie 
WimmtedsKangdomia are sons eee te ee eee I 5y Gira O Bias Pelee un ow ealla tar dia diet o 
Bnitisielin diate ac kone eo once ee es GIS O Teal Artie i ee eee re eee ae 
BUTI) AINE ese ae a mente ete es RE eye ie salle ey a dete Ace «tl acexa eo Subaeye codecs 36,555 

TR ETL SPS aR ce Coe I 17,673,290 7,456,185 8,259,001 

Acids: 

WWinntedeStatessert diss ees Sas Som cae 4,063,220 4,546,814 4,306,507 
ritisheAmGilles wars ere cisstieciomeet oo Renee U1 ee paar are esa ea ie tat o's ac 
(Canaclapreraetate Darton: haere ance, She ee 7,780 LADS alceeee es Oe 
(CTO Ae goed hous iced Gps eien oP OO ceo eee een se SDE BAN Vices es eas ane [sa Arter eaeanlinaege 
IB ro aaiiioats fae one ey otdcra Siciats or eenataen ocean ocean PATE SOA eect eaiecenl [enor cere are 
‘SJ DIDI cea Byco oo re aDee ioe a Ce ene one Boe | ar ce ne Pee eae 1,147 
Ege CORR ie etree ewer ce sia al coments Sunes Oy oka 2,526 AST On| Rey iach eee 
Nitra lyre tee ete ano heen Pete a ein nee aceteea 12,633 3,515 5,135 
Winitedektnedomipyy mers series aa ac oe oe 44,327 3,032 3,170 

“TRGB accls Ss Berean eerie eee te a ieee 4,385,295 4,558,924 4,315,959 


i 


24 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Oe 


Countries of origin 1913-14 1917-18 1918-19 
Oxides: Kilos Kilos Kilos 
RAtOEL UCR ats 8 bet tment 25S Ms aie 1,827,696 3,575,299 3,960,819 
ye Feat ber UP eye iy MAN ayy Brod eRe pt ak Wear ea AALS |e. wis ovo + 21010 %)|0 0 oh 
WOPATICGR cic hata dies oe cor erie is me os ees TS: SO0 hecusecteres tore 24 
RTO SRIECIER, 2p 2a sue Pen Eve eeisa ee 790,964 |. 2.0.5.5. 05 slo, ss een 
1 Par ragd 2H (C0 Peg op echeme Sain aan Oe acm fot rei ear ee een (Ree Care cae 1,855: | 2.5 cys. caee 
A 3) 7 eRe A nee Be an ne ire 2,636,966 3,577,154 3,960,843 
Turpentine: Gallons Gallons Gallons 
United Statea.. Uo ears rine ied teed oes 107,618 180,216 119,322 
Mexico... . 2: st cvte ete ne ern eee eater 12,935 645°... ..c ee 
United Kingdom: see eee rae 56 11... 3 ee 
Total........ 25. ee 120,609 180,872 119,322 
Resin, pitch: Kilos Kilos Kilos 
United States... . .... .. 25 ae ee 1,999,239 3,759,671 2,537,488 
Spain...... 26.00. eo er 1,996 860 1,567 
United Kingdom. . 3. .c22 setae etna 7129 ca. seers rose’ ose e| r 
Total... .. 0... sa aa ee 2,001,964 3,760,531 2,539,055 
India rubber and gutta-percha: a 
United States. ..... 05.. cu cote ore fone etna ease teat | nee 136,440 61,229 
Brazil... 2... 2.6 oc cs otek ceed eee ee 4,390 |... cee 
Mexico... .... << vce sel eee DOD ilincieeca eee 338 
United Kingdom... .. 3.25.65 Gas Se eee eee 11,993): eee 
Total... 0.06055 1508 2 132 152,823 61,567 


Imports of other simple vegetable products, not specially classified, under which 
are included gum lac, pearled barley, powdered tan bark, fan palm, and also hops for the 
manufacture of beer, were during the three fiscal years under consideration as follows: 


Countries of origin 1913-14 1917-18 1918-19 
Kilos Kilos Kilos 
MECEEO SEALE sepe nce es haath aa, ies AA 1,508,101 1,817,910 1,446,838 
INC ITCAMSATIGIESE ates car. one craeciss Seed. arco all yar erarcere geome 472) |; see ee 
EST TIA ATI ECS eres ts ein, eee PO ARI ee rey oa | one tee eee 2,700 45 
PST PELL potas e cee acess eer AGRE PT RR OR re aici looong SAN rhea ease eee 66 
SY SRZU Let fetes rea to st wines chee Poe Alem yans Be ee ice te 86 | oe as 6 Seo | eee 
LATE Hae shen rie eh Re ao? BT ER, aac ogre ene at Soest 22 Weiss « 5 scales eee |e 
Gia) (oy) ee SR Ree PARR: Ee ar tek Rennes) | ae nC Tae ES 2,669 
EE nr ee ee es ke one t eeeee 372 |..280 eee 
REMC yee Ee Ge tes Oh aie, ts APC TS Se 9,950 202-|--= eee 
POR MC aan mer at. a re Ae shee 11,468 9,801 9,520 
Rist a eR ee ial o-oo ox = kre ae 46 |... ce. see eels 2: eee 
hice BUTT gh ky. niet it OO ee Re ee PI 40,458 21,468) |... see 
Wememrieby... 5 St. cht so chenaenet tes kos PS ae 116,929 720 3)... 5 
OTIAAT ait oo ee REE ee ss ee eee LOOSVLS: |. 255 des = ace eee 
ETAT 1 Ss Ps SOR wih | SUS cy oa ae ea 1,758 jos fo.. eos ep 
3/5 lege ee oe Rice wD 98s: beam ne BE 367,297 68,154 48,722 
ECL OUR iy eat ak SR Ee eo Toa wen ee te 32,774 196 140 
RPORD RICE en 200 eT ac be FE Re 22,004 |. o.5<.0 4 sone, 0 e|0 to Oe 
BUEN acini os Set hoe oat Cea rae eT ete 17,825 363 488 
sited Rinedam 7 o. oi at's Sete oo. 103,991 1,309 377 


TESTO Cais Aah) Leb VA 25 

Countries of origin 1913-14 1917-18 1918-19 

Kilos Kilos Kilos 

IMIGIROOEO RS wach e 2 Grea eos Sas eto eR Soko oe eee ee iy A Nel nc wish enescedl late wince. 8 tne oh 
ANTPR OVI, dre pees one cae ene an a er Cee On Meera eyelet ae ea aaa 170 13 ON eee eee 
“TI UUEICERY 5: Sota aua arc ko Rae ic eee NESS ite a Siete US Manet er emer ry OL epee wer Ni Sr e| | Svan ea att. oe 
(Cliniraval, ee es sreeeget Baas Seer pe re Heed ae ie ane ee en 9,180 SAO oe ee 
LESsran 1 lng a Clit enya ene vere te ers, ho areca so neater oes crea re cael nsreete cede awa oma: 512 103 
RFD ecg Soa Seo eae ea esa aos e Ca eee eee ae Na (HON Mee mete A cee esac as ome cs de 
PTD EN og 3 Saha exe cece Olly DEENG cet Oe ee eee oem ne ee ees 43 292. Eee aes 
‘TUG t a Seal ea reer Ue NE 2,345,755 1,924,950 1,508,968 


Increase in Values of Imports. 


The notable increase in the values of imports into Cuba of substances employed in 
pharmacy, chemical industries and perfumery manufacture during the two most recent 
fiscal years, as compared with the last pre-war year, is naturally owing in some measure 
to the higher prices obtaining for raw and semi-manufactured articles. A comparison 
of the quantities imported with countries of origin of resins, gums, primary chemical 
products and chemical products during the fiscal years 1913-14, 1917-18 and 1918-19, 
shows a decided fluctuation in the tonnage of this merchandise received on the Cuban 
markets. The value of turpentine imported in 1913-14 was $48,568; while that of 
1918-19, shghtly less in quantity, was $62,576. Imports of a little more than 2,000 kilos 
of resin and pitch were valued in 1913-14 at $70,638; while 2,500,000 kilos imported in 
1918-19 were valued at $244,573. The value of over 2,300,000 kilos of other chemical 
products in 1913-14 was $226,624, while in 1918-19 1,500,000 kilos were valued at 
$280,833. In 1913-14, 17,673,290 kilos of chemical fertilizers were appraised at $504,713, 
while in 1918-19 about half the quantity was given at $797,981; 4,385,295 kilos of acids 
were valued at $213,832 in 1913-14, and 4,315,959 kilos at $441,293 in 1918-19; while 
2,636,966 kilos of oxides were valued in 1913-14 at $130,227, and 3,960,843 kilos at 
$380,729 in 1918-19. 


Trade with Canada 
The trade of Canada with Cuba for the last three fiscal years is given below: 


1919 1920 1921 
Imports for Exports of Imports for Exports of Imports for Exports of 
consumption Canadian consumption Canadian consumption Canadian 
produce produce produce 
$3,010,953 $5,035,975 $17,585,528 $6,329,783 $30,743,239 $6,573,768 


Trade with British Empire 


January-March 


1913 1920 1921 
iimporteditrom: Cubbas.s4.5224.:-552055 4-5: 5566 £449,426 | £4,683,475 £457,692 
Exportedstor Cuban cso) Spee ees nee et 548,586 1,119,768 877,305 
ewenportedi to; Cuban... Wy ny Ses ey acee hs | 251,800 30,989 12,691 


26 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Trafic Receipts of Cuban Railroads 


Earnings of the Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power Company 


Month of June: 1921 1920 
Girne Carin gnes c meh te Sees eae se poe ers oe owe $1 ,062,286 $970,565 
pera Rrie (COIORIION S55 ts). este oo 0a hss sly sic F eae 580,268 480,499 
MPEG AL DLO ate eo sieas ee 2s tee aTaLs wt o's leva Aaateee $482,018 $490,066 
METRO IATIOOUSITICOING =. ses nea eos ors ccs sie ses Sis Stas ce oe 8,916 18,038 

Mota Net INCOMIE Mee eis vs See es eae is isis ibe weed $490,934 $508,104 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges.................... 210,438 265,049 

6 Months to June 30th: 

RSTOSS CATNINGS. . «xe eee Re Re RESTS et Nair ore $6,404,015 $5,557,941 
Mperating expenses. «: ace eee eee eet cee 3,587,964 2,746,961 
met earnings... . ... ..4 17 ee eee $2,816,052 $2,810,980 
Miscellaneous income... .. 2) sake eee eee 56,605 56,168 

Total net income. . ... .<. Js ae Renee eee ee eee eee $2,872,657 $2,867,148 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges.................... 1,242,028 1,408,261 

Month of July: 1921 1920 
BETOSS CAITNINGS. . 5... : 0. = vo a ete nen $1,005,423 $999,344 
Mperating expenses... .: < ./ sais see eee eee 569,574 546,973 
MeL CANINES... 2.5. eas cde ee $435,849 $452,371 
Mrscellaneous income........... 22. eee ee 6,811 10,248 

Wotal net income.,: ....3...5 0 oe $442,660 $462,619 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges.................... 157,067 216,938 

? Months to July 31st: 

SeEOSS CATMINGS...... 2. due OO ee $7,409,439 $6,557,285 
Seperating EXpenses........ 0: ub See eee oe eee 4,157,538 3,293,934 
MEOITIPD. s,s un ae eee ee $3,251,901 $3,263,351 
Mereananeous income....:....,......55,) 5 ne Onde eee 63,416 66,416 
MereIEL ICONIC... . . ois cin cvs nuisteaere tee ee eee $3,315,317 $3,329,767 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges.................... 1,399,095 1,625,199 


Month of August: 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 
Gross earnings................ $1,045,458 $793,107 $815,869 $713,637 $592,461 
Operating expenses............ 573,199 441,868 387,693 335,996 269,110 
iy OO et ee a ie. 472,259 351,239 428,176 377,641 323,351 


Miscellaneous income.......... 
; Total net income..... 
Surplus after deduct. fixed chgs. 


8 Months to August 31st: 
Gross earnings................ 
Operating expenses............ 


Met iearaings. | de oo. wee 
Miscellaneous income.......... 
Re Total net income...... 
Surplus after deduct. fixed chgs. 


$474,820 $357,003 $432,563 $381,315 $329,572 
165,582 122,076 257,748 217,265 «175,004 


$8,454,897 $7,350,392 $5,932,530 $5,327,811 $4,418,945 
4,730,737 3,735,802. 2,931,896 2,442,106 1,924,883 
$3,724,160 $3,614,590 $3,000,634 $2,885,705 $2,494,062 

65,977 72,180 71,359 92,494 97,404 
$3,790,137 $3,686,770 $3,071,993 $2,978,199 $2,591,466 
1,564,677 1,747,275 1,558,189 1,685,691 1,331,408 


TEE COB Aq si Vale Wr 27 


Earnings of the United Railways of Havana 


Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 
Wwieeksending uly SOthe acct. as cee cick ecan es ohn sw ioe £57,505 £109,132 
Weekrending August Gths)). 5.6.28. s-n2ss eon eos ee eens 58,785 101,727 
WieekvendingsAueust ISthena. ss st sae oases see aa 57,435 103,421 
WieeksendinosAusust:2Otheemecmes ase aoe ae eee: 58,883 103,567 
WieekcendinepAuoust 27theeaunasss4 500820 se eee se se tein 56,423 109,903 
Wieeksendins September odiis2 o. 2. 252 neds ate nobel eos 54,452 107,388 
Wieeksending September lOths. 25 ya.5- 25S. ne ee ce ya 56,815 102,379 
WWieckeendine September Ith. 9). 2.s cee ce og wae ce 50,276 101,415 
Week ending September 24th...................---.-.---. 48,079 98,928 

Earnings of the Havana Central Railroad Company 

Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 
Wieelxendinesduly.30thiee sees so ss asec eae oceans £10,750 £12,459 
Week Guchine AiR Gilscsococckodssosccoooccwaoneeccenc 10,638 12,903 
Weak enchine AMIR Bills ssccecaoeocoscacusoccdspoconaue 10,871 13,077 
Wieekrendine August; 20th? . 3.0240. .c5 ets oeode neces: ae: 10,925 13,193 
WweeksendinesAnoustr2 Mile ne esiies ecu c ct oe p ois un kee 10,200 12,952 
Week ending September 3d....................-2.-0+-00-- 9,984 12,910 
Week ending September 10th........................-.... 10,287 13,190 
Wieelgending September vith... a.d25.002 252s ose sears ae 9,878 13,239 
Week ending September 24th............-...2-2--0-0-05-- 9,598 12,574 

The Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York 

Bid Asked 
Repubkecon © ubay interior Wwoan 594 BOndsh pen eas ease ee 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944....................... 78 781% 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949....................... 80 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 414% Bonds of 1949..................... 66 68 
Havana City First Mortgage 6% Bonds..................-+++-2++-+-- 0: 85 90 
iiawana City, second Mortage 67, Bonds; .9..--.56..-2.-5:-5---2 see == 85 90 
Clon, IRenilizonvel leirsierrecl SOG. . sha cncoccocdoobucedcscsocduoucusesesuue 30 45 
Cuba Railroad First Mortgage 5% Bonds of 1952.......................-.-- 65 66 
Cioareompanys6°,) Webenture Bonds 2. 452.5) Gace + pauses ieee ee 65 75 
Cuba Company 6% Cumulative Preferred Stock......................-:.. 70 80 
Havana Electric Ry. Co. Consolidated Mortgage 5% Bonds................ & 80 
Havana Electric Ry. Light & Power Co. Preferred Stock................... 865 8914 
Havana Electric Ry. Light & Power Co. Common Stock................... 70 73 
Cuban American Sugar Co. Preferred Stock.-..................25-.--055- 55 70 
CubaneAmenican oucar Cox Common Stock) 4.05. 466-025-5255 2 525-67: Ti 11% 
RCE AMEAMNATNONS (ATA Om OLOCK o--n ycah san Sepa ecepecain Hiebeeeevets a es ale Ble ae 6 7 


Havana Electric Railway 


The firm of Hemphill, Noyes & Co. are 
offering $1,500,000 7 per cent. notes of the 
Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power 
Company at 97 and interest, to yield 734 
per cent. They are secured by $3,000,000 
of Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power 
Company general mortgage 5 per cent. 
bonds. The earnings of the company for 
the first six months of 1921 were at the rate 


of 4.94 times the total interest charges, 
including this issue. 
The Cuban-American Sugar Company 
PREFERRED DIVIDEND 

The Board of Directors has declared the 
regular quarterly dividend of one and three- 
quarter per cent. (134%) on the Preferred 
Stock, payable October 1, 1921, to stock- 
holders of record at the close of business 
on September 10, 1921. 


28 THE CUBA: REVIEW 


The Cuba Railroad Company 


STATEMENTS TO JUNE 30, 1921 


September 10, 1921. 
To THE SHAREHOLDERS: 


The Annual Report for the year ended June 30, 1921, is submitted herewith. 

The gross earnings and operating expenses were increased, but the operating expenses 
increased much more than the gross earnings owing to the increased cost of materials and 
supplies which were necessarily purchased prior to the reduction which has taken place in 
such items during recent months, and to increased rates of pay which it was necessary to 
grant for the same reasons which required American railroads to make similar increases. 
The net income for the fiseal year was $312,958.52. 

The history of your company closely parallels that of the American railroads for the 
same period. During the first few months of the fiscal year business continued heavy and 
the gross earnings increased over the previous similar period. This was accompanied by 
even greater increases in the cost of materials, supplies and labor, especially labor. An 
application to the Railroad Commission of Cuba for an increase in rates was made 
promptly, but it was not granted until December 12, 1920. Meantime, a business depres- 
sion more severe and intense than in the United States had taken possession of Cuba 
and all classes of traffic fell off. Your company immediately began the inevitable process 
of reducing expenses. All unnecessary work was abandoned and the purchase of materials 
and supplies was reduced to the minimum. Pressure was brought to bear on labor, first 
to perform more efficient services, and secondly to accept lower wages. The result of the 
pressure on labor was the customary dissatisfaction among the laborers. The usual 
strikes, some partial and others tying up the entire operations of the company, ensued. 
Finally, however, as the cost of living in Cuba decreased and the number of unemployed 
laborers in Cuba increased, the employees of the company came to accept the demands 
for improved service and the necessity of reduced wages. 

The ratio of operating expenses to gross earnings was 89.12% as against 72.20% for 
the previous fiscal year. 

An addition of $412,324.55 was made to the Profit and Loss Surplus, which now 
amounts to $7,812,827.48. The property investment has increased from $52,914,073.54 
to $57,439,752.66, the increase being represented largely by additional equipment, addi- 
tions to sidetrack mileage, new stations, and especially by a continuance of the construc- 
tion of new shop facilities at Camaguey. 

The amount of the loan to the Camaguey & Nuevitas Railway has been increased 
from $181,623.38 to $285,976.41 in order to enable that company to complete essential 
improvements at the Pastelillo Terminal. The net earnings of the Camaguey & Nuevitas 
Railway for the fiscal year were $245,084.70 as against $615,409.05 in the previous year. 

On the Liabilities side of the general balance sheet it will be seen that the funded 
debt has increased from $23,192,000 to $24,031,000. The amount due on equipment 
trust obligations which were outstanding on June 30, 1920, has, of course, been reduced 
by payments on account of principal. In September, 1920, however, an additional equip- 
ment trust of $1,425,000 was created to finance payment for 500 box cars purchased and 
delivered during the fiscal year. The total amount of current liabilities has been slightly 
decreased. On June 30, 1920, the amount due to the Republic of Cuba on account of the 
loan by the Republic against services to be rendered was $1,320,068.55. That has been 
reduced to $807,856.24. An addition of $1,040,102.03 has been made to the reserve for 
depreciation, which now stands at $3,936,756.57. 

A comparative statement of the rolling stock on hand at June 30, 1920, and June 30, 
1921, is as follows: 


DOE SG Urb As Vii avo, Wy 29 


June 30, 1921 June 30, 1920 


Mocomotiviessass ations en aa 181 169 
Passenger traimucars\s22.. 4.2202 es ess nt 146 135 
Slee piINCdCATSHiye ns kre ein. ad eis 28 24 
Freight cars and cabooses.................. 6231 5458 
Maintenance of way cars................... 142 136 
IBUSINESSICATS Sens he eee SAS 2 2 


During the first months of the fiscal year the work of maintaining and improving 
roadbed and track was unusually difficult because of the shortage of labor which had been 
enticed to occupations which could afford to pay higher wages than could be paid by the 
railroad company. Latterly, owing to the collapse of the sugar business in Cuba, 
ordinary unskilled labor has been readily available at much cheaper rates, and the work 
of maintaining and improving track and roadbed has been taken up with renewed vigor. 
An unusual amount of work on sidetracks in the way of improving and lengthening them 
and adding new tracks has been done. Tie renewals were heavier than in the previous 
year. The work of installing facilities for burning fuel oil has been completed. The work 
of converting the locomotives is progressing as rapidly as seems consistent with general 
conditions. ‘The policy has been followed of not converting a locomotive to make it avail- 
able for burning fuel oil until it is in a thorough state of repair. Owing to the labor 
difficulties attendant upon the general industrial conditions of the year 1920, the work of 
repairing locomotives necessarily progressed slowly. In order to expedite this work ten 
Iccomotives were sent to the American factory of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, where 
they were thoroughly overhauled. The repair work at the shops in Camaguey is now 
progressing normally and as fast as the repairs are completed the locomotives are being 
converted for the purpose of burning fuel oil. 

The work at the shops which had been begun prior to July 1, 1920, was vigorously 
continued during the year and is now approaching completion. Work on the construc- 
tion of the branch line to Santa Cruz del Sur was discontinued early in the autumn of 
1920, owing to the general business depression, and has not yet been resumed. A further 
extension to December 15, 1923, for the completion of this line has been obtained from 
the Cuban Government. 

In September, 1920, Mr. J. M. Gruber, a former Vice-President of the Great Northern 
Railway Co., was elected Vice-President of the Cuba Railroad Company in charge of 
operations, with headquarters at Camaguey. He assumed his duties shortly before 
October, 1920. With the approval of the President, he has appointed Mr. A. C. Reed as 
General Manager. Mr. Gruber’s ability and experience have resulted in marked improve- 
ment in the condition of the company’s property and the quality of the service which it 
renders. This is already apparent to shippers and passengers. Its benefit to your com- 
pany appears in the reduced cost of operation. Mr. Gruber has succeeded in obtaining 
the loyal cooperation of his subordinates, who, with him, are entitled to special commen- 
dation for their zeal and effectiveness in the face of the most trying industrial and financial 
experience that your company has ever been obliged to face. 

During the year the membership of the Board of Directors has been increased from 
nine to eleven, the resulting vacancies being filled by the election of Messrs. Perey A. 
Rockefeller and William H. Woodin. 

The usual dividend on the preferred stock was paid in August, 1920. No dividend 
was paid on February 1, 1921. No dividends on the common stock or on the stock of the 
Camaguey & Nuevitas Railway were paid. 

The prosperity of your company during the current fiscal year depends almost wholly 
upon the condition of the sugar industry, which in general is dependent upon the Law of 
Supply and Demand and specifically depends upon the nature and extent of the financial 
aid which the American banks will feel warranted in extending to the Cuban sugar indus- 
try. Today neither the size of the coming sugar crop, nor the extent of the demand of 
the near future for sugar, nor the future attitude of the financial wor!d towards the making 
of the new Cuban sugar crop can be forecast. The only facts involving your company’s 


jcc nn Ene 
30 THE CUBA REVIEW 


a ———— 


prosperity which can be safely predicted are that the service rendered to the public will be 
better than ever before and the operating expenses proportionately Jess than in any 
recent year. 
Respectfully, 
H. C. LAKIN: 


President. 


INCOME STATEMENT FOR YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1921 


GnOaseMinrnin Dae ee herd eaten maitre t eed sys aie aie has re eet Tone eae $15,853,958 .75 
perAting PPSNNeS (4...)7 5. ee Thies cles + abide ents CO nr ee cleans 14,210,561. 56 
Net: Barnitipaiesstem ck rere: erriak sie pepo. cc cer eter Saree Meno aey geen $1,643,397 .19 
Other Revenue: 
Income from) R@mts ies ccs eee ie a sess ee ete ere $18,234.09 
Miscellaneous Uniterestacsete crime ete ened 6,652.21 
Town Lot Sales... :s:3: beeretere eas ero are eee 87,219.20 
Profit on Sales of Misterialeemr te eee re teers 33,166.53 
——_——_————— 145,272.03 
Gross Income. .)..:.3.:6 Je = ace eee ane $1,788,669 .22 
Less: 
Interest on First Mortgage Bonds...................... $658,500. 00 
Interest on Improvement and Equipment Bonds.......... 200,000.00 
Interest on Two-Year 6% Secured Gold Notes............ 120,000.00 
Interest on Car Trust Certiiicatesta = ety 298,035.70 
Interest on Serip Warrants). eres nese eee 18,000.00 
Discount on Bonds andy Notesee cease eee 87,112.85 
Interest on Equipment Notes.) 22-2) eee ie eee 29,486 .53 
Interest on Sinclair Conversion Account................. 31,619.60 
Uncollectible Accounts Written Off...................... 32,956 . 02 
—_————_ 1,475,710.70 
Net Income Transferred to Profit and Loss........... $312,958 . 52 


GENERAL BALANCE SHEET, JUNE 30, 1921 
ASSETS: 
PROPERTY INVESTMENT—ROAD AND EQUIPMENT.................2200---- $57,439,752 .66 


INVESTMENTS: 
Camaguey and Nuevitas Railroad Company Capital 


Bmae—Pledged. .. 2. 1.0 sacictatae pacer ee enema $2,692,700. 00 
Marine and Industrial Company of Cuba, Capital Stock. 111,805.33 
iobalninvestments ask Shee ee oe ee eee 2,804,505 .33 
CurRENT ASSETS: 
SESS Tie ess a A Nae R18 Le Sa Ra A Pi a AE a $150,927 . 66 
WPCUi HAC MON GUCLONS: nity Se..baiet nee aL as see eeeet 418,420.36 
drictipiduais and, Companies..6.6 25 heccc0l 02's Son nk od 1,728,705 .81 
Trathce Balances Reeetyable.,.........4.. 2... cscs. een os 295,468 .82 
Bireral atesipples-. 2 oo. wear vet ee ue ee 2,836,732 .23 
ROCA CrinrentRASSeus: 4. Wa cris cies oad ae be ae 5,430,254. 88 


DererReD Desir Items: 
Expenditures on Account of Damages Due to the Revo- 


RNS ere RTI sin rns ne an ey ee $532,920.48 
Unamortized Bond and Note Discount................ 984,044.06 
Insurance Premiun Paid in Advance................... 11,393.65 
ROGET Cosa or sat ae 8 Oy NR OR He eT hc, | eh od Sorel 1,013.50 
otal Deferred Debit [tems -< os ..<< sites 6 once ac 1,529,371 .69 


$67,203,884 .56 


LOE = COL BVA her, VALE WW 31 


LIABILITIES: 
CAPITAL STOCK: 


JERelKeneetel: Herel ea ws Geers. Ss Metin Bia See ee ON ee $10,000,000. 00 
(ComamioneStockee ray es ee epee ae oes ee ial 15,800,000. 00 


j=) 


$25,800,000. 00 
FunDED Dest: 


First Mortgage 5% Bonds due July 1,1952............ $13,170,000 .00 
Improvement and Equipment Bonds due May 1, 1960.. 4,000,000. 00 
Two Year 6% Secured Gold Notes (due November 15, 
1920, extended to November 15, 1922). . ee, .  2,000,000.00 
EquipMEeNT TRUST OBLIGATIONS: 
Certificates of 1914................2...- $258,000.00 
Centitieatestot UO bm = ae en 220,000.00 
Certif. of December, 1915............... 360,000. 00 
Certificates! of 191G2. 72... 5. 15.5. 22 ee. 1,072,000.00 
CentiticatestonmlO2Z0h=. 2 ree tee 1, ‘526, 000.00 
Certif. of 1920 (Second) ................. iL ,425,000.00  4,861,000.00 
otalehundedhWebtve.s55 ecco ee moe ene ese 24,031,000 .00 
PREFERRED Stock Scrip Divip—END WARRANTS—PAYABLE 
PANU Rae LO) il ae sear p Cate roe mealies i areas Sapte Ah ea creed 300,000.00 
CuRRENT LIABILITIES: 
ING Cesmizavallol causes hee narnia Ms Mee Rit icloe mie aetna $512,224.00 
Accounts and Wages Payable......................... 2,968,408 . 58 
firaties balancesRayable 25x oS. <- Sihie edd yee soe ore <a 21,209.62 
INTEREST ON FUNDED DEBT: 
yey Niualliv at ee Dil ees ea ers Cae ye $329,250.00 
Matured but Unclaimed............. 45,313.75 
Necrued snot Dues aye e eae ee es seer 124,069.45 498,633.20 
Accrued Interest on Scrip Dividend Warrants.......... 16,500.00 
Accrued Interest on Notes Payable.................... 3,735.69 
NCCHUC Op NAXeS ere mira ane nee Rd omen chu te ee oe 52,788 .95 
Towall Cummamn Iinlolbiies; .cocoochccscecccoseceocs 4,073,500. 04 
THE GOVERNMENT OF CuBA—ADVANCES FOR SERVICES TO BE 
JRSTSAIDI DE EISID)s Gave eters RB CIC ONG te eR aE Ono as are ee ace ene nie es 807,856 . 24 
RESERVES: 
For Depreciation of Property......................... $3,936,756. 57 
Howswossvand Damage Claims: 52. 402022. .552n0- 52 =< 69,592 .24 
Hors lie gall xpenses ani deuce. cae cee cia a linen chee) «2 ese Pe 15,714.08 
For Medical Expenses, etc., for Accidents.............. 17,280.88 
OUST aire Gop ease eit a a ae ee EE SAI tb em oy 5,500.00 
Miotalkvesenvesiessts. se sates se Gee he sine fees 4,044,843 .77 


DEFERRED Crepit ITEMS: 
Credits for Traffic Services Rendered During the Revo- 


lutions but mMoOtnyetyAdIUstedea 4 sears 2. la in ae oe $307,382.49 

Other Deferred'Credit Items: 40: 5 -2-5---2-.25202-5--0- 26,474.59 
Total Deferred Credit Items...................... 333,857 .08 
SSUOVTIDIL AUIS! so shy ere tag nse Ee we TS eel PT 7,812,827 .43 


$67,203,884. 56 


PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT 
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1921 


A AN CEeEnOMMe UTES ON OD Oise aac tee al ee ce ie ela aimless Nery tinea e $7,400,502 .88 
Sixth Instalment of Subsidy on Account of Construction of Trinidad 
Hine siromeslacetassvoshomentOseneee en wearer rears ae ae ese e 54,000.00 
Third Instalment of Subsidy on Account of Construction of the Trinidad 
Tlie throm, Pome © (CAGICE,...cccccccccocvcootscooccoeccooccscur 98,992 .00 
Net Income for Year Ended June 30. 1921......................--... 312,958 . 52 


$7,866,453 . 40 


a 


THE CUBA HREVIEW 


32 
Dalanns brows’ forward. ies 8 ayo ig we we ete hve ciewis'a win EN Oe $7, 866,453.40 
Less: 
Adjustment to Physical Inventory of Book Values: 
OherAl StOLe WISLCLIAIS= tec nue yess nse wetene $40,364.33 
PSU ELOTIEI Wy tc crate race re pcee te ite see a he Menge tele ew <to/et ere 5 643 .42 
Loss on Sale of Houses at Antilla...............--.5:- 7,618.22 
53,625 .97 
eye Opes) CS: 1 ay hl Me oe ged ee Ie Beir ire WRK RE I. $7,812,827 .43 
STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS AND WORKING EXPENSES BY MONTHS FOR 
FiscaL YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1920 anv 1921 
1920-1921 1919-1920 
| 
Gross NET Gross Net 
EARNINGS EXPENSES EARNINGS EARNINGS EXPENSES EARNINGS 
] 
July... $1,238,654.41] $1,046,792.33} $191,862.08 $1,000,359 .05 $749,914.00 $250,445.05 
August.. 1,003,131.10} 1,209,525.99| (206,394.89) 976,503.52 806,579 .77 169,923.75 
September 1,194,589.39| 1,333,228.75| (138,639.36) 1,094,970 .46 762,015.71 332,954.75 
October... 993,842.18} 1,363,161.20] (369,319.02) 1,069,773 .07 807,459 .06 262,314.01 
November. 1,087,457.49| 1,401,750.66| (314,293.17) 1,022,351.20 801,196.15 221,155.05 
December 1,373,421.08) 1,352,449.88 20,971.20 1,158,179.13 873,299.18 284,879 .95 
January. . 1,606,385.49| 1,238,357.31 368,028.18 1,158,100.63 869,164.87 288,935.76 
February...... | 1,603,547.55| 1,147,430.36 456,117.19 1,060,178.21 832,108.26 228,069 .95 
March... 1,809,792.49|} 1,196,685.99 613,106.50 1,445,334 .17 994,244.99 451,089.18 
April 1,561,473 .94 986,941.11 574,532.83 1,467,108.48} 1,056,488.72 410,619.76 
May 1,212,827 .02 918,360.03 294,466.99 1,427,949 .57| 1,092,945.23 335,004 . 34 
Pompeo... .... 1,168,836.61 1,015,877 .95 152,958.66 1,268,300 .58 956,060.38 312,240.20 
| 
$15,853,958 .75|$14,210,561.56)$1,643,397.19 ||$14,149,108.07/$10,601,476.32| $3,547,631.75 


Amounts in brackets represent a deficit. 


EXPENDITURES FOR New Construction, ImpRovVEMENTS AND ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT 


YEAR ENbDED JUNE 30, 1921 


Permanent Bridges and Improvement Roadway......................00-- 
De sem RAEN OHEMNE oranR rds econ ks dav s wine oie a ee ee 
Shops, Engine Houses and Shop Equipment 
Station Buildings and Fixtures 
Fuel Stations 


$218,487 .09 


306,083 . 17 
505,177.99 
48,707 .72 
854,712.87 
155,822.39 
25,558.33 
211,222.95 
5,771.03 


$2,331,543.54 


2,481,081 . 47 


$4,812,625. 01 


Wal ja GU iss al Jie J ITB iy 33 


The Sugar Industry 


World’s Record Production of a Sugar 
Mill 

The greatest amount of sugar ever pro- 
duced by any sugar factory in the world 
in a single season was turned out by Central 
Delicias, in Cuba, which closed with 768,- 
378 bags, or 109,768 tons, of raw sugar to 
its credit. 

To convert this quantity of raw sugar 
into refined would keep the largest sugar 
refinery in the United States, the Brooklyn 
refinery of The American Sugar Refining 
Company, busy for more than 57 days. 

The operating season of Delicias this 
year, January 21st to about September 
10th, was longer than the average working 
period of a Cuban mill, which is from the 
first of February to the first of June. 

This is not the first time Delicias has 
broken the world’s record for raw sugar 
production. Its own output two years 
ago, in the 1918-19 season, 712,733 bags 
of sugar, was the record up to this time. 


Report from Cuban Legation in Paris 


In a recent issue of Facts About Sugar, 
mention is made of a report received from 
the Cuban legation at Paris. This report 
deals in considerable detail with the sugar 
situation in Europe, and submits a plan for 
disposing of a part of Cuba’s present sur- 
plus. The report is the work of Cuba’s 
commercial attaché at the legation, who 
has been at pains to obtain from sources 
intimately informed as to the situation the 
most accurate information to be had. 

The conclusions arrived at are that the 
sugar crop of France will be some 300,000 
tons, leaving a deficit between production 
and consumption of 400,000 to 500,000 
tons. France, it is stated, is at present 
Importing sugar from Czecho-Slovakia and 
Belgium, in addition to the cargoes afloat 
from Cuba. 

England, the report calculates, will re- 
quire about 600,000 tons, though she has 
already acquired considerable quantities of 
Java sugars and is buying refined sugar in 
the United States. 


Germany has planted an area about 25 
per cent. larger than that of last year, but 
conditions do not indicate an abundant 
yield. Russia is said to be completely 
without sugar, the few factories remaining 
being closed. She can pay for sugar pur- 
chased only with wheat and oil. The 
latter, however, is in demand and would 
find a ready market. 

Summing up, the report finds that 
Europe is without doubt facing a very 
large deficit in its sugar supply, which will 


’ have to be filled from the various colonial 


possessions, from Java, by the importation 
of refined sugar from the United States, 
and from Cuba. Java sugar, it is inci- 
dentally stated, is preferred in Europe to 
that from Cuba, the refining of which pre- 
sents some difficulties. 


Calculating the surplus in Cuba as of 
December Ist at 1,500,000 tons, the opinion 
is expressed that Europe, including Russia, 
can take a large part of this amount. 


The plan submitted in the report is that 
the Cuban Government purchase a large 
part (at least 500,000 tons) of the calcu- 
lated surplus by an issue of 7 per cent. 
bonds, to be sold at 95. The sugar would 
then be shipped to European distributing 
points, such as London, Havre and Ham- 
burg, where it would either be sold in the 
raw state or arrangements made to have it 
refined for sale as the market permits, in 
competition with European sugars and 
those of other countries. 


The point is emphasized that such sale 
should be effected, if possible, before the 
beginning of the coming crop. 

Selling and handling operations, it is 
proposed, could be carried out by a com- 
mission appointed by the government and 
vested with full power, utilizing the estab- 
lished European trade channels. Russia is 
suggested as an especially favorable field 
for such transactions, the sugar sold there 
to be paid for in oil. Any loss which might 
result from the carrying out of such a plan 
could be regained, it is suggested, through 
a tax levied upon the sugar industry in 


Cuba. 


LL 


34 THE CUBA REVIEW 


a $$ 


U. S. Sugar Imports for August 


Figures of the Bureau of Statistics, 
Department of Commerce, covering im- 
ports and exports during August, show 
that 285,426 short tons of sugar were im- 
ported during the month, valued at $18,- 
119,553. 

Of this total 240,305 short tons were 
imported from Cuba, this sugar being 
valued at $13,817,785. 

With the exception of August, 1920, the 
imports were higher than those for August 
of the preceding six years, while over the 
period of eight months from January lst, 
the total imports seem to about hold their 
own again, with the exception of 1920, 
when abnormal conditions prevailed. 

No beet sugar was imported during the 
month under consideration. 

Comparative figures covering the month 
of August and the first eight months of the 
year for the last seven years show imports 
in short tons of 2,000 pounds as follows: 


Year August Eight Months 
| ee 285,426 2,215 5,759 
|. > eres ee: 2:5 (Sa LS 3,286,161 
MME ow eee sacar. L9DjZ4S 2 557,645 
MN <<; 2 2. . ee LOO 2,097,636 
A re 197,615 2,134,133 
Me. es so.) LO 2,248,806 
MEE se ws ne SOLO Ae 2,237,198 


Of the full duty paying sugars the bulk 
came from Santo Domingo, receipts from 
other countries aggregating only 1,419 
short tons. 

The following figures, in short tons, show 
the detailed receipts for the month of 
August and for the first eight months of 
the year: 


From August Eight Months 
Santo Domingo..... 13,024 107,997 
Central America.... 412 21,203 
Mexic0ci2 scsi 779 11,683 
Brasil oe ce etch 225 3,216 
| Lara hs Sa eee ree, ere 10,247 
Venezuela. jee de ese 3,205 
Other So. America.. ..... 4,393 
British West Indies. ..... 1,993 
Other West Indies... ..... 6,390 
Hong Kong........ 3 525 
Dutch East Indies.. ..... 17,028 
Other countries.....  ..... 2,236 


Of the total imports 169,928 tons were 
brought in through the port of New York; 
35,503 tons through Philadelphia; 24,816 
tons through Boston; 25,047 tons through 


New Orleans, and 13,307 tons through 
Galveston. 

Exports of refined sugar for the month 
totaled 66,527 short tons, valued at $6,323,- 
581, the largest buyers being Great Britain 
and France. 

The export figures for August and for 
the first eight months of the last seven 
years are as follows in short tons: 


Year August Eight Months 
(OF ea oe 66,527 353,100 
LOZO nese ees 4,761 415,158 
TOUGEs ae dG 519,890 
LOUS2 52 acc foo eee OOS 71,745 
po by Geren nie Vhs: 20,0) 385,938 
LOUGH eee eee OTE 631,499 
1915S: Ae 76,403 229,355 


The exports of refined sugar for August 
and for the first eight months of the year 
were to the following countries, figures 
given being in short tons: 


Exported to August Eight Months 
Great Britain....... 33,453 148,810 
Brance) seuss eee ONS 42,229 
Grecée..22 0 ee TEAS 37,888 
Gibraltar’ 2 sec 87 7,190 
Turkey in Europe... 1,187 9,121 
Netherlands........ 2,688 9,651 
Rum anaes eee 66 664 
Jugosiavin:....e.. 4 244 2,925 
IBelonimn sees eee 224 446 
Misiltais. <2). eevreeee 775 1,537 
Ttally<.8: Aree ee 241 23,822 
Finland. . eo 1,336 
Russia in Europe. . oy ot 286 
Spain and Canary Is. 92 17,435 
Gemmanyoe. 34082 44 1,159 
Poland iia eee 244 244 
Azores and Portugal. 1 1,635 
Denmarkaaseee 448 448 
Canada erm 135 2,548 
Newfoundland...... 62 2,188 
Meco enceee eee 333 9,214 
Panama seis coer. 37 707 
Cuba tesserae 146 2,427 
Haiti. EAN: i, 562 
Santo Domingo Ress 71 $39 
British West Indies. 33 941 
Virgin Islands...... 21 437 
Other West Indies. . 113 250 
Bermudsaene sae 18 565 
Other No. America. . 2 189 
Argentinsincsne ee 1,630 6,900 
Uruguay. : 522 8,480 
Other So. America... 60 626 
‘Durkey am ASiae? 42) eee 1,919 
Other-ASsian2 ne 222 453 
Philippine Islands... 15 738 
Moroceosce nee 1 776 
French Africa...... 1,013 1,598 
British Africa....... 69 "349 
Other Africa........ 2 427 
OCEAN. is. se ae 20 27 


Teo COCR AT re VASE, VW: 35 


Farm Machinery in Cuba 


In a recent issue of Facts About Sugar, 
Mr. Stanley F. Morse writes as follows re- 
garding the demand for extra heavy field 
implements in Cuba: 

When the subject of agricultural ma- 
chinery is mentioned to Cuban sugar 
planters, one is immediately informed that 
only very heavy machinery will be suitable. 
The common belief is that this is made 
necessary by the unusually stiff character 
of the Cuban soils. However, this does not 
appear to be wholly true, for although the 
heavy black clay soils are extremely hard 
and refractory, especially when dry, the 
black loam, red and mulatto types are very 
easy to work and are more common. 

The fact is that one of the main reasons 
for the need of heavy field implements is the 
rough and careless handling they get, the 
way plowing is done in stumpy or extra hard, 
dry soils, and the improper use of plows as 
harrows. Some examples may be cited: 
(a) We recently introduced an unusually 
heavy and effective type of harrow. The 
first stunt tried was short turning, which 
will break up the strongest disk. Later 
some clods jammed between the disks, and 
instead of clearing out the clods, two 
operators got hold of one lever and broke it 
off trying to force the gangs back in place. 
(b) A cultivator improperly set was found 
tearing itself to pieces and doing work of a 
poor quality. (c) By failing to tighten the 
bolts on a spike-tooth harrow, many of the 
parts were soon lost and the harrow laid up 
for rebuilding. Even a Ford getting such 
treatment would soon fall to pieces. 

On one estate some 75 horsepower 
tractors were noted plowing only about five 
acres per day, while a smaller tractor was 
laid up for about 8 hours with the operator 
loafing while a repair man searched for 
repair parts. Indeed, on many Cuban 
estates a small amount of work accom- 
plished, poor quality of work, much idle 
time and high costs are the rule. With a 
few exceptions most of this trouble is due 
to imexperience and poor supervision. 
Many tractor men do not appear to know 
what good work is, and have no idea as to 
the real purpose of the operation they are 
attempting to carry out. 

It cannot be expected that operators of 
implements or tractors will do good work 


if they are never properly instructed. To 
be fully successful, a supervisor of tractors 
and implements should have had practical 
experience in farming, understanding what 
good tillage really is and how it may be 
economically accomplished. Thus, cross- 
plowing is the product of plantation man- 
agers who lack adequate farming expe- 
rience. 

By plowing and cultivating at the right 
time better and cheaper work may be 
accomplished. Then, in introducing 1m- 
plements, care should be taken to fully 
train and supervise the operators Re- 
cently, several implements that had lain 
there for years were resurrected from the 
junk heap of a Cuban central, and put into 
successful use, cutting the cost of the 
respective operations from 30% to 40%. 
With a full understanding of the work to 
be done, patience, persistence and expe- 
rience, there is no reason why improved 
farm machinery may not be used in many 
parts of Cuba to do more efficient and 
economical work. 


Philippine Islands 


The area planted to sugar in the year 
ending June 30, 1920, was 487,585 acres, 
according to the Annual Statistics of the 
Philippine Bureau of Agriculture. The 
yield of crude sugar was 391,862 tons and of 
panocha 31,717 tons. The sugar crop now 
being milled is larger than the 1920 crop by 
possibly 15 to 20%, but the money yield 
will be less. 

Shipments during the month of April 
amounted to 13,103 tons to the Atlantic 
Coast of the United States. Some of these 
have already reached New York. The 
Pacific Coast was sent 4,000 tons and 
usually takes about 30,000 tons in a year. 


EXPORTS 

April Jan. 1—April 30 

1921 1920 1921 1920 
New York.... 13,103 9,885 13,669 9,885 
San Francisco. 4,071 3,558 15,168 3,558 
China, etc.... 9,783 1,519 28,123 14,175 
QOD Mc cccccse 2,500 6,623 17,500 21,719 
29,457 21,585 74,460 49,337 


36 THE CUBA REVILEW 


= : 
Sugar Review 
Specially written for THE CUBA REVIEW by Willett & Gray, New York, N.Y. 


At the time we last wrote you our market was quiet on the basis of 3.00c. cost and 
freight for Cuba Sugars and 4.50e. ¢. i. f. for Porto Ricos and Philippines. After sales of 
Philippine sugars as low as 4.00c. c. i. f. New York the market again reacted some- 
what and quotation today is on the basis of 4)c. ¢. i. f. for Porto Rico and Philippine 
sugars with Cubas quoted nominally at 3.00c. c. & f. The market might be called a wait- 
ing one as its future is dependent upon the stand taken by the Cuban Committee in 
regard to the price on Cuban sugars, the Committee now having been withdrawn for a 
considerable space of time. It has been expected that an announcement would be made 
any day and it is generally believed that a price might be named of 2M%c. ec. & f. which is 
the equivalent of the present market on outside sugars and in fact the Committee has 
shown some willingness to meet market prices as far as European markets are concerned, 
having during the past week offered sugars at 17s 3d down to 16s 6d ec. i. f. U. K. ports. 


With the raw sugar market stabilized on about this basis it seems likely that a buy- 
ing movement might result as refiners here are carrying practically no stock of raw sup- 
plies but are dependent upon the steamers as they arrive from time to time. With the 
supply of outside sugars daily becoming smaller, such a demand would bring our refiners 
into the Cuban market, such supplies of outside sugars, Porto Ricos, Hawaiian, Philip- 
pine and various full duty probably not amounting now to over 75,000 tons or less than 
two weeks meltings at the present rate at,which our refiners are working. 


In view of the unsettled conditions in the raw sugar market, buyers and refiners are 
proceeding very carefully and refined sugar is moving only on the hand-to-mouth basis. 
While most of the refiners throughout the country quote on the basis of 5.65c. f. 0. b. 
refining centers they are meeting the competitive price of 5.60c. named by two of our 
refiners here, Arbuckle and Federal. With beet sugars quoted at 5.45c. in eastern ter- 
ritory and 5.55c. in the West, the trend of the market is downward, following the course 
of raw prices, in fact concessions have been made on sugar for export, sales having been 
made this week as low as 3.60ce. in bond for shipment to Europe. 


While Congress has reassembled after its thirty-day recess, no immediate action is 
expected in regard to tariff legislation on sugars and little of interest has happened since 
our last report, the hearings on sugar being postponed until a later date, while the Senate 
Finance Committee takes up other matters. The Cuban Mission which has been in Wash- 
ington has returned to Havana after presenting a memorandum giving in detail the pres- 
ent status of the sugar industry and requesting a return to pre-emergency rates, or in the 
event that this is not likely, that the present twenty per cent reciprocity allowance be 
increased to fifty per cent so that the new duty on Cuban products would not exceed the 
rates payable under the old Tariff Act. 


In the Island of Cuba only two Centrals are now at work on the 1920-21 crop, 
these two being the ‘‘ Preston” and ‘Santa Lucia.” The 196 factories which have fin- 
ished their crop have produced 3,803,101 tons of sugar and as the two Centrals remaining 
at work expect to produce over 100,000 tons of sugar, our estimate of 3,900,000 tons for 
the crop will be fully realized. The stock in the shipping ports now stands at 1,205,000 
tons, with probably 500,000 to 700,000 tons yet remaining on hand at the factories. 


Regarding our domestic crops the estimated production of cane sugar in Louisiana 
during the coming season is now estimated at about 198,000 tons. Leading refiners have 
made an effort during the past week to dispose of some 5,000 tons of the old crop Louisiana 
sugar and some effort has also been made to interest refiners in the new crop sugar, har- 
vesting of which will be started about the middle of October. 


IE Jalsa (CU ses Al I IE NY IID: UY 37 


In connection with the beet crop, government statisticians have estimated there are 
enough beets to produce some 900,000 tons of sugar, with the Manufacturers Association 
naming a still higher figure, say 962,000 tons. 


New York, N. Y., September 26, 1921. 


P.S. September 27, 1921. As this is written the Cuban Finance Committee re- 
duce their price for Cubas to 2°¢c. c. & f. All refiners except Arbuckle adjusted their 
Granulated basis to 5.50c. Arbuckle is withdrawn. 


Revista Azucarera 
-Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


Cuando publicamos nuestra revista azucarera tltimamente el mercado de azticar 
estaba quieto con las cotizaciones bajo la base de 3.00c. costo y flete por los azticares de 
Cuba, y 4.50c. costo, seguro y flete por los de Puerto Rico y las Filipinas. Después de 
efectuarse ventas de azticares de las Filipinas al bajo precio de 4.00c. costo, seguro y 
flete en Nueva York, el mercado volvié a subir algo, y las cotizaciones hoy son bajo la 
base de 41c. costo, seguro y flete por los azticares de Puerto Rico y de las Filipinas, 
cotizandose los azticares de Cuba nominalmente a 3.00c. costo y flete. Puede decirse que 
el mercado se ha decidido a aguardar, pues su futuro depende de la resolucién que tome 
el Comité Cubano respecto al precio de los aztiicares de Cuba, dicho Comité habiéndose 
ahora retirado del mercado por un espacio de tiempo considerable. Se ha estado esper- 
ando que de un dia a otro se anunciara algo, y se cree generalmente que se fijarfa un precio 
de 2!4c. costo y flete, que es el equivalente del precio del mercado por los azticares de 
otras procedencias, y en efecto el Comité se ha mostrado algo dispuesto a atenerse a los 
precios del mercado en lo que se refiere a los mercado europeos, habiendo durante la 
semana pasada ofrecido azticares desde 17s. 3d. hasta 16s. 6d. costo, seguro y flete en 
puertos de la Gran Bretafia. 

Con el mercado de aztcar crudo estabilizado bajo esta base aproximadamente, 
parece probable resultara un movimiento para la compra, pues los refinadores aqui no 
tienen verdaderamente existencias de azticar crudo sino que dependen de los vapores a 
medida que llegan de vez en cuando. Con el abasto de los azticares de otras procedencias 
disminuyendo diariamente, tal demanda traerfa a nuestros refinadores al mercado de 
azucares de Cuba, pues el abasto de azticares de otras procedencias, de Puerto Rico, 
Hawaii y las Filipinas, asi como varios azticares con todos los derechos probablemente 
no ascienden ahora a mas de 75,000 toneladas, o sea menos de dos semanas de elaboracidén, 
a razon de la cantidad que estén produciendo ahora nuestros refinadores. 

En vista del estado poco estable del mercado de azticar crudo, los compradores y 
refinadores estan procediendo muy cuidadosamente, y el aztcar refinado circula ahora 
solamente en muy poca cantidad. Aunque la mayor parte de los refinadores en todo el 
pais cotizan bajo la base de 5.65c. libre a bordo los centros refinadores, estén haciendo 
frente al precio de competencia de 5.60c. fijado aqui por dos de nuestras refinerias, la de 
Arbuckle y la Federal. Con lo aztcares de remolacha cotizandose a 5.45c. en la parte 
Oriental y 5.55c. en el Oeste, la tendencia del mercado es hacia la baja, siguiendo el curso 
de los precios del azticar crudo, tanto es asi que se han hecho concesiones por el azticar 
para la exportacién, habiéndose efectuado ventas esta semana al baio precio de 3.60c. 
por azticares en deposito para embarcar a Europa. 

Aunque el Congreso ha vuelto a reunirse después de una tregua de treinta dias, no 
se espera se ocupe inmediatamente en lo que se refiere a la legislacin de la tarifa sobre el 
azticar, y ha habido poco de interés desde nuestra tiltima resefia, habiéndose aplazado las 
discusiones sobre el aztiicar hasta mds tarde, mientras que el Comité Financiero del 
Senado se ocupa de otros asuntos. La Comisién Cubana que habia estado en Washington 
ha regresado a Cuba después de presentar un memorandum dando en detalle el estado 


ns 
38 THE CUBAHRES TEx 


 ————————————————— 


actual de la industria del azticar en Cuba y pidiendo se vuelva a los derechos anteriores 
a la tarifa de emergencia, 0 en caso que esto no sea probable, que el veinte por ciento de 
la concesion actual de reciprocidad se aumente a cincuenta por ciento para que los nuevos 
derechos sobre los productos de Cuba no excedan los derechos pagables bajo la antigua 
Tarifa. 

En la Isla de Cuba sélo hay ahora dos Centrales en operacién en la zafra de 1920-21, 
estos dos siendo el Central ‘“Preston”’ y el ‘Santa Luefa.’’ Las 196 fabricas que han ter- 
minado su zafra han producido 3,803,101 toneladas de azticar, y como los dos Centrales 
que quedan trabajando esperan producir més de 100,000 toneladas de azticar, se realiza 
por completo nuestro edleulo de 3,900,000 toneladas por la zafra. Las existencias de 
azticar en los puertos de embarque son ahora 1,205,000 toneladas, probablemente con 
500,000 a 700,000 toneladas que quedan atin en manos en las fabricas. 

Respecto a las cosechas de azticar de este pais, la produccién calculada de azticar 
de cana en la Luisiana durante la estacién venidera se calcula ahora en unas 198,000 
toneladas. Los principales refinadores han hecho un esfuerzo durante la semana pasada 
por disponer de unas 5,000 toneladas de azticar de la pasada cosecha de la Luisiana, y 
también se ha hecho algtin esfuerzo por interesar a los refinadores en el azticar de la nueva 
cosecha, cuya recoleccién empezaré como a mediados de octubre. 

En conexién con la cosecha de remolacha, los estadisticos del Gobierno han calculado 
que hay bastante remolacha para producir unas 900,000 toneladas de azticar, la Asocia- 
cién de Manufactureros fijando aun mayor cantidad, o sea 962,000 toneladas. 


Nueva York, Septiembre 26 de 1921. 


P. D. Septiembre 27, 1921. Al escribir esta revista el Comité Financiero Cubana 
reduce su precio por azticares de Cuba a 2°e. costo y flete. Todos los refinadores excepto 
Arbuckle han adjustado su base del azticar granulado a 5.50c. Arbuckle se ha retirado. 


Argentine Sugar Crop Estimate for 1921 laborer is paid from 60 cents to 88 cents 


per day. Carpenters are paid $1 to $1.40 
per day, masons at the same rate, while 
native labor that is more expert and is 
used for boilermaking and machinery work 
is paid at the rate of $100 a month. The 
company paid at the rate of $1 per ton 
for cutting and loading on carts or cars for 
delivery at the mills.—Consul E. C. Soule, 
Cartagena. 


If there is no heavy frost, it is estimated 
the Argentine sugar crop this year will 
reach 220,000 metric tons, which will be 
enough to satisfy the requirements of the 
Republic. Of this amount it is calculated 
that the mills of Tucuman will yield 180,000 
metric tons and those of Salta, Jujuy and 
Chaco the remainder. 


Production in Colombia 


It is reported that the principal sugar 
factory in Colombia will produce this year 
a total of approximately 126,000 bags of 
sugar, a bag containing from 125 to 150 
pounds each. A little less than half of 
this sugar was refined for export and was 
shipped to the New York market. The 
amount of cane cut has equaled 93,000 
tons. All the cane, however, on the com- 
pany’s land was not cut this season be- 
cause of the scarcity of common labor. 

During the grinding season the laborers 
are worked twelve hours each day in shifts 
of six hours each. The casual or common 


Ecuadorian Sugar 


According to Consul General Frederic 
W. Goding, Guayaquil, the acreage of all 
Ecuadorian sugar plantations is increasing. 
More sugar-making machinery is being in- 
stalled and modern methods of cane manu- 
facture are being inaugurated with the 
introduction of American agricultural ma- 
chinery and implements. The high prices 
for sugar that have prevailed in Ecuador 
from the beginning of the war to the 
present time have given the sugar-mill pro- 
prietors the opportunity of introducing 
important improvements in the way of new 
machinery for their plantations. 


EAA CHOS BVA iE AV IE Ve 


| Casa Turull 


Crust Company of Cuba 
HAVANA 

CAPITAL - - - - $500,000 

SURPLUS - - - - $900,000 


TRANSACTS A 
GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 
O@swaldieAS, Hornsbya-essseece een President 
Claudio G. Mendoza............ Vice-President 
James M. Hopgood.............. Vice-President 
Rogelio Carbajal................. Vice-President 
Alberton Mar Quez.i.. cise cee score Treasurer 
Sikwo_ Sable Mssocassoccesec Assistant Treasurer 
Luis Perez Bravo........... Assistant Treasurer 
@scare Carbajalessancsccescsoee esses Secretary 
William M. Whitner...... Manager Real Estate 


and Insurance Depts. 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 
Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business. 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world. 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


FREDERICK SNARE CORPORATION 


Formerly The Snare and Triest Company 


Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York. Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


39 


DEALERS IN ALL PRODUCTS 
FOR SUGAR MILLS 


PRIME COMMERCIAL MURIATIC 
ACID, 20° 


Sulphuric, Phosphoric, Nitric, Hydrofluoric 
and all other acids 


CAUSTIC SODA, 76% SOLID 


Soda Ash, Sal Soda, Bicarbonate of Soda and 
salts of all characters 


FORMALDEHYDE, 40% VOL. U.S. P. 
OIL AND GREASES 


Castor Oil and all grades of lubricating oils 
and greases 


SUGAR BLEACH AND FILTERING 
MATERIALS 


PAINTS—PRESERVATIVES 
DISINFECTANTS—INSECTICIDES 


We are publishing a monthly review devoted 
to Cuban market conditions which will be 
sent gratis upon request. May we place you 
on our mailing list ? 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 
140 Liberty St., New York 


HAVANA SANTIAGO 
2 and 4 Muralla 47 Lacre Baja 


The Royal Bank» Canada 


Founded in 1869 


Paid Up Capital = = $20,354,000.00 
Reserve Funds = = 20,244,000.00 
Total Assets = = = 511,000,000.00 


Seven Hundred and Twenty-seven Branches 
Fifty-four in Cuba 


HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL 
LONDON: 2 Bank Building, Princess Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Catalufia 6 
PARIS: 28 Rue de Quatre Septembre 


Correspondents in all the Important 
Cities of the World 


We issue letters of credit to travelers in Dollars, 
Pounds Sterling, and Pesetas. Negotiable with- 
out charge. Savings accounts opened for Deposits 
of One Dollar and up. 


Our direct private wire to New York enables 
us to handle business most expeditiously 


PRINCIPAL BRANCH IN CUBA 


Aguiar 75, Corner of Obrapia, Havana 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


LO THE CUBA REVIEW 


Cable “Turnure” FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of Collection 
and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public and Industrial 
Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection of Drafts, Coupons, 
etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and Letters of Credit on Havana 
and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo 
Domingo, and Central and South America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 


HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank, Ltd. 

(Banco Urquijo, Madrid 
SPAIN: }Banco de Barcelona, Barcelona 
(Banco Hispano Americano and Agencies 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 


and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size, 2934 x 24. Copyrighted 1918. 
Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


67 Wall Street, New York 


HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


ENGINES, BOILERS AND MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


A. KLING, Prop. 
JAS. §. BOGUE, Supt. | MOBILE, ALA. ortA SPECIALTY 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks’”’ New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 


Engineers, Boiler Makers and Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in All Branches. 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 


Agents for “Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


41 


United Railways of Havana 


CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 


nD 
No. 11] No. 1} No. 7| No. 5| No. 3| No. 9 | HAVANA No. 2 | No. 8 | No. 6 |No. 10] No. 4/No. 12 
PM|PM;}PM|PM/]AM/AM]/ & AM|AM]|]PM/|]PM/]PM|AM 
10.31 Sen 4.01 | 1.01 |10.01 | 7.01 .|{Lv Central Station Ar|} 6.50 | 9.40 | 3.31 | 6.30 | 7.25 | 6.30 
aA: 12.17 | 6.40 | 3.23 |11.54 | 9.25 || 58]/|Ar...Matanzas...Lv]| 4.15 | 6.52 | 1.10 | 3.50 | 5.06|}...... 
Se ne 4.05 | 8.40 | 5.50 | 2.00 |12.37 ||109||......Cardenas......]]12.05 | 5.00 |10.00 | 1.20 ]......]...... 
PM PM PM|]AM PM 
G00 |osssce OBO CARAT ema WM oo cn coo Es os oo col.) Noooe cs 645} leo nec 12.10 
PM 
eae LOel| esas, cretell igises.ay SO Wea no-cc PRY |isococ Chl «cecal 72D Vacoossllooosvcllesso ce 8.15 |*.. 
AM 
See 6.00 |......| 9.00 }......}......]/180)]|....Santa Clara... .|/11.00 7.40 Samra | Nctistenats 
PM 
7.10 eM cease 195|\|\- 5.2. (CONES 55c5|Ilsooaoclloucsoc -|11.15 |10.15 
AM PM AM|PM 
eoeee 9.55 Sail (aeareeOeHe 241||...Sancti Spiritus. ..|| 4.45 |...... Peelers 
PM 
ee aie 11.35 Doe |bosoccs 276)|...Ciego de Avila...|} 3.45 |....../12.40 al arse 
PM AM 
Bed BoM sscoce|| Wall) 340||.....Camaguey.....||12.15 9.00 a \El tra is 
AM AM PM 
ie eal bees or DOR Perret at 9 52.0] Saeeeee Antillaeeseree ee SL OA OU terre scaeets| Renreray ses ensigns 
Selecta Bot Gy ioe ooonl|| oes) .||538]|......Santiago......|/12.01 .| 9.00 alert 
AM PM AM AM 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
* Via Carreno. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAvANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
(Greniuer ose cece ireeiereiepenciee ceo 
Sao ah oe sesh ak teeters mieaapaeic via sie $5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 
@aibarien saci Bs oa ao eros eee 
Pee Geese crepes vases 
Tego der Avila dar, series Giese tres pieces 5.50 4.50 
W@amapueyce aes ee coe eee ela ae 6.00 5.00 15.00 18.00 
PEERS ieee ee San aie 
Prod@Edrosiracce ever cheick ceo tee veioisis F 6.00 p 
CONTAC OS eee tae he 8.00 7.00 } 20.00 257-00 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Uf, S. (Gaye U.S. Cy. 
Anitillareien sev c aC ee ceiiere Sao re UslevorsPines)an eva cian os sieves aries $10.00 
Batabano ses sicccnseess Meee 22095: Ma Gripayacd tancioceceenc eine ine eee. 
BAY AMO mayer ee ears See nee Oo Manzanllopeeeeeeeece ieee a Hele 
Caibarientiaacn cece cee eae. LEO MI HPA pag aeons os D reas Ganoonl = sow) 
Cama guevencis. pice kee cea esis emo IDEKCABICE Sama a oa teonee aod Meroe cs 13.54 
(Carls Esaeuent te so pocolenee mada 7.96 Remedios Eee eet cL AOU, 
Ciesor de Avila? cnc acacia sates 17.47 CEE a Her asa on eee eC OE ON 11.98 
(CeEniGSesonopedededaosucosdados, i4oe0) Shin JATIN sosconccocBoecosccooans etl!) 
Colombe ee eine ae Loe SanctitSDInICUS HEE Ee EE REE eee eee mL OLOL 
Guantanamo eee eee eee LeO. SantanClaraseeeee err ener erm L nO 
ls @ hatin soeagaanonoooge se coco UDG Ceol Srinreeo CO Colacoococconccascce Aol} 
Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 110 pounds 


or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS—First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Colén, Union, Sagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


W.T. MEDLEY, Commercial Agent ARCHIBALD JACK, General Manager 


HAVANA, CUBA 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


12 DHE 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 
constructor de trasbordadores 


superiores 
Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 
bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘La Victoria.” 


A Weekly Publication of 


| 
| 
International Interest | 


It covers every field and phase of the industry 
WRITE FOR SAMPLE COPY 


Subscription - $3.00 Per Year 


Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 


Handles all kinds of merchandise either on a 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 
Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Camuer 


8 No. 18 VEDADO 
HAVANA, CUBA 


Cable: DWIPALM 
DWIGHT O. PALMER | 


Sugar Broker and Agent 
160 PEARL STREET 
NEW YORK CITY 


CUB«z 


REVIEW 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
“PASSOL” SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD STREET, Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL STREET 
Cable Address, ‘‘Tide, New York” 


Established 50 Years Shipping Trade a Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 
CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 
LUMBER AND TIMBER 
Wholesale and Retail 


Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


Telephones: : B3c0 f Bowling Green 


Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone 0316 Henry Night Call 2278 Henry 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importaci6n directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line, New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espana. 


INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 
MATANZAS, CUBA 


F. W. Hvoslef E.C. Day’ R.M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 


Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers 
18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘Benvosco’’ 


P. RUIZ & BROS: 


Engravers - - Fine Stationery 
RUIZ BUILDING 

O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P.O.Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


PUIG AG (Ose; ab Ja dl 18 14% 43 


Munson Steamship Lines 


GENERAL OFFICES: 


67 Wall Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 
Keyser Building, BALTIMORE, MD. Hibernia Bank & Trust Bldg., "NEW ORLEANS, LA. 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 


New York Antilla Antilla New York 
S/S “MIU SIME sy ha betxeceera cpa tants Nov. 5 Nov. 9 Noy. 12 Nov. 16 
spe tae ay ee Nov. 19 Nov. 23 Noy. 26 Nov. 30 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular sailings as follows: 
Havana....Every Week| Isabela de Sagua.. Every 5 Weeks | Guantanamo. Every 3 Weeks 


Matanzas.Every 2 Weeks | Caibarien......... = pNcritstl alee 
Cardenas.Every 2 Weeks | Nuevitas.......... e 3 i SAmGESOsc55 Vo 
Cieniiiesoss) Ss) a 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


Aes AV ilik=—Montevideo-Buenos Aires easscecs> sane oe ee acces Semi-monthly 
PRES Gib le NN ERE eal eee este cee irs koe oe Hee are sare speeds ere mtare ale la tee iccte On Application 


NEW YORK—South America Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 
United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
Stee WSU Gv AU Nine FOGMO@IN?? “(a)) spate ces ace cic meta soles cs we aiece ld nabsmemec. aitce November 10 
Sees OOM ME RUN SG ROSS i (aninsscaes canoe ae cuisine Ph wee Ae earn everett ete November 24 
(a) 1st and 3d class 
FREIGHT ONLY 


Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 


FREIGHT ONLY 
Ae Sm Aine Baltimore-blavyana 2-4-5 o6s- 22 no = ee Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago .........+..--+-++e+-ee: On Application 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


NEW ORLEANS—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Bi-weekly sailings from New Orleans for Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


Ab THE CUBA. REVIEW 


LINK-BELT 


Conveyors for Sugar Estates 


We are pioneers in the development of conveying 

machinery for sugar estates and refineries. For 

more than twenty years we have specialized in 

the solution of engineering problems in the han- 
dling of cane, bagasse 
and sugar. 


Send for Catalog No, 355 


LINK-BELT COMPANY 


299 Broadway New York City 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Direcci6n Telegrafica: 
RCAREXS” NEW YORK 165 Broadway, New York, U. S. A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 


Aqui se ve el grabado de uno de nuestros carros mas modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
de todos tipos y de varias capacidades para uso en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
Méjico, con bastidcres y jaulas de madera o de acero. Produccién annual de mds de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA, Representante para Cuba 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


“Weg 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


— 


Chuchos o Cambiavias, Ranos o Corazones, 


CRUZAMIENTOS, CABALLETES DE MANIOBRA PARA 
FERROCARRILES, RIELES, &c. 


URANTE mas de 35 anos nuestros Talleres— 

siempre montados a la moderna—se han dedicado 

a la fabricacion de Rieles, Chuchos, Cruzamien- 

tos y otros Accesorios para los Ferrocarriles 
Americanos, y siempre hemos procurado corresponder a 
las necesidades de nuestros clientes suministrandoles 
materiales de primera al precio mas reducido. 

Nuestra Seccion Técnica esta a disposicion de nuestros 
clientes, y para ayudarnos interpretar debidamente sus 
necesidades y evitar demoras inconvenientes, al pedir 
precios O remitir encargos, es sumamente importante nos 
den los detalles correspondientes. 


Sirvase dirigir la correspondencia a 


WEIR FROG COMPANY 


43 Cedar St., New York, E.E. U.U. 
JAS. M. MOTLEY, Gerente (Direccion cablearaflca: JAMOTLEY, NEWYORK) 


JAMES M. MOTLEY —* CEDAR STREET 


Gerente del Departamento de Ventas en el Extranjero de 
THE WEIR FROG COMPANY PENNSYLVANIA BOILER WORKS 
GLOVER MACHINE WORKS DUNCAN STEWART & CO., LTD. 
THE RAHN-LARMON CO. NEW YORK CAR WHEEL CO. 
STANDARD SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 


Los productos de estas Fabricas abarcan: 


Locomotoras 
Carros para cafia 
Ruedas para carros 
Rieles y accessorios 
Chuchos y ranas 
Aserraderos 
Calderas 
Maquinas, de vapor y 
de gasolina 
Tanques 
Tornos 


Trapiches y toda clase 
de maquinaria para 
Ingenios de Azucar 


Calentadores de agua 
de alimentacion 
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Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


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Trains every hour daily from CENTRAL STATION 


Guines—— from 5.50 A. M. to7.50 P.M. Last train 11.10 P.M. 
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SUBURBAN SERVICE TO REGLA, GUANABACOA AND 
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Nes an (BCE ys) VA ie ar Se eee ass, Se eee ae te chy aed $0.06 
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apos, etc. Funciona actualmente con el 
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THE CUBA REVIEW 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” 
An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 67 Wall Street, New York 


MUNSON STEAMSHIP LINE, Publishers 
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Vol. XIX NOVEMBER, 1921 


Contents of This Number 


Cover Page—Country Club of Havana. 
Frontispiece—Rente Island in Santiago Bay. 
PAGE 

Consular and Customs Regulations of Cuba 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 
Cuban Financial Matters: 

Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation 

Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 

Price Readjustment in Cuba 

Punta Alegre Sugar Company 

Tienne IRe@eeous Of Culowin IRAliOACK 4. .ccbnocccscccocssccoeccccansue 
Cuban Government Matters: 

Construction Work 

Emergency Commercial Treaty 

Mineral Production 

Powers of Attorney in Cuba 

United States Loan to Cuba 
Havana Correspondence 


Some Uncommon Fruit Trees of Cuba, illustrated, by C. D. Mell 
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 
The Sugar Industry: 


Bill to Reduce Railway Rates 

British Sugar Trade 

Cuban Production by Months 

French Aid to the Sugar Industry 

New Sugar Company 

September Imports and Exports of Sugar 
Sugar Control in Europe 

Sugar, The History of a Modern Food 


Sugar Review, English 
Sugar Review, Spanish 


tVIEW 


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“Aeg oseyueg ul 


Se ie RPE ETS 


pues, ouU0y 


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THE 
CUBA REVIEYV 


“ALL ABOUT CUBA” NEW 


Copyright, 1921, by the Munson Steamship Line 


Fog te SF rN ® y 
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VoLtumME XIX 


NOVEMBER, 1921 


Numser 12 


Cuban Government Matters 


U. S. Loan to Cuba 


There has been no halt in the loan ne- 
gotiations for either the $5,000,000 for 
immediate pressing necessities or the pro- 
posed $50,000,000 credit. 

Two formal permissions must be ob- 
tained before signatures can be affixed 
to the loan contract. One of these is 
the permission of the United States De- 
partment of State, which already has un- 
officially announced that it favors such a 
loan. The other is the permission of the 
Cuban Congress, where more difficulty 
may be encountered. 

The proposed terms of the loan are ap- 
proximately as follows: It will be for 
$50,000,000 to $60,000,000; it will run for 
thirty to forty years, probably the longer 
maturity; it will be a 7 per cent. issue; it 
will be endorsed by the Government of 
Cuba, but will not be a direct obligation 
of the customs receipts. 

Some of the bankers here and in Cuba 
hold the theory that a 61% per cent. coupon 
is sufficient and the $50,000,000 or $60- 
000,000 of non-callable bonds bearing 
the 614 per cent. rate can be readily sold. 
However, there are differences of opinion 
about this, and the rate is a problem for 
further negotiations. 


Emergency Commercial Treaty 


In a memorandum filed with the State 
Department Cuba has proposed that an 
emergency commercial treaty be drawn up 


between the United States and Cuba to 
replace the existing convention. 

Under the proposed treaty a preferen- 
tial of 50 per cent. in customs would be 
extended under a reciprocal arrangement, 
so that goods shipped from the United 
States to Cuba would be admitted 
for half the duties imposed on similar 
commodities from other countries. In- 
asmuch as Cuba would be granted a similar 
concession by the United States it would 
be possible for the planters to have sugar 
admitted to this country at 1 cent a pound, 
almost half of the present tariff. 

Under the treaty now in effect there is a 
20 per cent. preferential in customs duties 
in favor of the two countries. What Cuba 
proposes to do is to raise this to 50 per 
cent. The text of the memorandum has not 
been given out by the State Department. 

At the present time Secretary of Fi- 
nance Gelabert, of Cuba, and Colonel 
Manuel Despaigne, the Administrator of 
Customs of Havana, are in Washington. 

No definite time for the life of the con- 
vention has been stipulated, it being the 
idea of the Cuban Government that the 
treaty shall run until replaced by a per- 
manent agreement. 

The officials point out that the execution 
of the treaty would enable American 
manufacturers to win out in their markets 
over the competition of the Huropeans 
by virtue of the lower customs provided 
for in the treaty. This competition is 
reported to be growing more keen with the 
entry of Germany into the Cuban market. 


I  __ 


8 THE CUBA REVIEW 


a 


Powers of Attorney in Cuba 


The laws and regulations regarding the 
preparation of powers of attorney in Cuba, 
or for use in Cuba, are quite extensive and 
technical. Various sections of ‘El Codigo 
Civil,” “El Codigo del Comercio,” ‘“‘La Ley 
Hipotecaria’”” and “La Ley Notarial” all 
have a bearing on the manner of drafting 
powers of attorney; and even with all the 
data contained in these various publica- 
tions available, one should be familiar 
with a long line of interpretative decisions 
by the supreme court of Cuba in order to 
be qualified to draw powers of attorney to 
meet the varied requirements of business. 
Certain general principles, however, can 
be given which set out quite satisfactorily 
the fundamental requirements of a power 
of attorney for use in the Republic of Cuba: 


1. The parties or officers of the corporation 
giving the power should appear in person 
before a notary public who can certify in the 
instrument that the parties are personally 
known to him. 

2. If the power is given individually, it 
must show the capacity in which the party 
giving it is acting and set forth clearly the 
authority on which he acts. 

3. If given by a corporation, the power 
must show: (a) That the corporation has 
been legally organized in accordance with 
law and properly registered to entitle it to 
transact the business it is undertaking; 
(b) the powers granted to the various officers 
of the corporation under its articles and by- 
laws; (c) by appropriate excerpts from the by- 
laws and the minutes of meetings of its 
stockholders or directors it must be demon- 
strated that the officers giving the power are 
acting within the scope of their authority. 

4. If the party giving the power is a 
partnership or any form of joint-stock com- 
pany the same rules laid down in the preced- 
ing paragraph are applicable. 


5. The instrument should set forth in de- 
tail the particular powers and their limitations 
sought to be conferred by the instrument, 
always with specific reference to: (a) Whether 
the party to whom the power is given shall 
be authorized to commence and defend 
actions in the court; (b) whether the party 
to whom the power is given shall be authorized 
to acquire and dispose of real and personal 
property. 

_6. The power shall be signed by the parties 
giving it. 

7. The signatures of the parties signi 
shall be certified by the Ante public. ae 

8. If the power of attorney is being 
executed outside the Republic of Cuba, the 
signature of the notary public must be 
authenticated by the nearest Cuban consul. 


The power of attorney must be in the Spanish 
language, or if it was prepared in the English 
language there must be attached to it as an 
inseparable part of the document a transla- 
tion into the Spanish language, the accuracy 
of which is to be attested by the Cuban 
consular authorities or by the court before 
which it is to be used. 

A power of attorney not embodying all 
these requirements receives recognition in 
Cuba extra-judicially, but would not be 
recognized if it became necessary for the 
party to whom the power is given to prove 
his authority in the courts. 


Construction Work 


According to press reports, negotiations 
are proceeding over the letting of impor- 
tant private contracts for new construction 
and the resumption of much building that 
stagnated about a year ago, when the 
moratorium was declared. Highway re- 
pair work is proceeding in western Cuba, 
six crews being at work resurfacing the 
highways between Havana and the city 
of Pinar del Rio. Public interest centers 
upon the Zayas plan to connect the pres- 
ent links of road between Havana and 
Santiago de Cuba at the eastern part 
of the island. The plan is to join them 
in a great national highway extending 
from Pinar del Rio City to Santiago. 
It was this highway which General 
Goethals recommended should be_ built 
of concrete. 


Mineral Production 


According to the Bulletin of the Pan 
American Union, in the second half of 1920, 
752,347 tons of ore, averaging 57.6 per 
cent. iron, were extracted from the mines 
at Firmeza and Daiquiri. The company 
working these mines is installing a dry 
crusher so that the ore can be shipped in 
smaller pieces. 


From the deposits of manganese at Buey- 
cito, 1,305 tons of ore, averaging 53 per 
cent., were.obtained. From the ‘Sera- 
fina,’ in the district of Bayamo, 300 tons 
of 12 per cent. copper ore were taken. 
Mining and petroleum explorations are 
being made in different parts of the island. 


IG IO (CAO o204 i EME MAI ONLI 9 


Havana Correspondence 
Havana, October 22, 1921. 


Sucar: With the grinding season practically at an end (only one mill, “Santa 
Lucia,” in Oriente Province, is still in operation), Cuba has experienced the most disas- 
trous season in the history of her sugar industry. 


Starting the season under a heavy handicap of indebtedness, the aftermath of war- 
time speculation and easy money, combined with high production costs, every mill on 
the Island has experienced a loss, ranging from a few thousand dollars in the case of the 
smaller mills and running into millions of dollars deficit by the larger operators control- 
ling several centrals. 


It is seriously questioned as to whether or not a number of the weaker and smaller 
mills will be in a position to resume operation at the beginning of the next zafra. Various 
estimates have been made from time to time as to the probable number of such mills 
that will be unable to operate unless financial assistance is forthcoming in the near 
future, well informed parties agreeing upon fifty as being the maximum. 


That the crop next season will be greatly decreased is believed by everyone who has 
studied the situation, many factors combining to contribute to such a situation: first, 
by reason of the comparatively small amount of replanting which was done this season, 
it being estimated that in order to insure a normal return from season to season, it is 
necessary to replant about one-fifth of the total acreage; second, because a large number 
of the fields have been allowed to go uncleaned, for the same reason that prevented the 
replanting, namely, lack of finances, which will, of course, also tend to further decrease 
the output for next season; third, on account of the idleness of the mills, previously 
mentioned, which will be unable to open. 


This decrease in next season’s crop, it is thought, will have a very favorable effect 
in the restoration of normal conditions, because if another bumper crop were to be har- 
vested again next season on top of the one just ended, combined with the carry-over 
from this grinding, which will be quite large, it would retard the return to normal at least 
a year, if not longer. 


One of the most favorable signs recently has been the increase of sales during the 
past few weeks, although the price realized for this sugar has been low. It is felt that 
one of the most essential factors in the stabilization of the industry is the removal of 
just as much of the crop now held in the various warehouses as possible, so that there 
will be no obstacle in the way of next season’s crop when it starts coming from the mills. 


There have been a great many rumors of negotiations pending for the sale of large 
quantities of sugar to European interests, but nothing definite has developed as yet as 
the result of these negotiations. During the past few days a similar rumor has been in 
effect that a syndicate said to represent American interests has been endeavoring to 
buy up the remaining sugar crop. 

It is not believed that the sugar interests will benefit very much by the loan, which 
is now almost assured, inasmuch as the government itself is badly in need of funds and 
naturally will be the first to secure relief. It may be, however, that Congress may see 
fit to come to the aid of the harassed sugar interests with some constructive legislation 
which may prove helpful between now and the beginning of the next grinding season, 
although the attitude of that body thus far has been far from encouraging. 


Another problem confronting the mills next season will be that of labor. Owing to 
the inability of a great many mills to pay cash to these laborers this year, many of them 
have experienced a great deal of hardship and have gone back to their native homes 
greatly disheartened. Whether this will affect immigration to Cuba next year or not 
will not be known until an effort is made to again secure labor for the cane fields from 
Haiti, Jamaica and other lands. 


10 THE CUBA REV ILW 


EEE ee eee 


FrxancraL: In the face of many obstacles, which at times appeared to be unsur- 
mountable, the loan issue, which it will be recalled was the object of the commission to 
Washington some few weeks ago, appears at present about to be consummated, and as a 
result a more optimistic feeling may be noted in financial and industrial circles. 

Messrs. D. W. Morrow, Martin Egan and Norman H. Davis, representing the firm 
of J. P. Morgan and Company, have been in Havana during the past couple of weeks 
securing data and conferring with President Zayas and others with reference to the 
issuing of this loan by the Morgan interests. The sum involved is said to be between 
$50,000,000 and $60,000,000, which will take the form of a 30 to 40 year 6 or7% straight 
Cuban Government bond issue. This loan, it is understood, is being made with the 
approval of Congress of the Island of Cuba, and with the full permission of the State 
Department at Washington, two authorizations necessary for a loan by United States 
banking interests to Cuba. A preliminary advance in the sum of $5,000,000 is already 
said to be ready for payment when the proper legal documents are drawn up and the 
approval of the Cuban Congress is obtained. 

It is not known at this time just when final negotiations covering this loan issue will 
take place, but it is expected that it will be within the next month or so, and while it is 
somewhat early to predict what effect this loan will have on industry in general, we 
believe it is safe to say that a general return of confidence may be looked for. 

In a recent decision Judge Sola of Havana announced that hereafter it would be 
considered a criminal act to spread false rumors concerning banking institutions or com- 
mit any act which might be construed as prejudicial to the interests of the banks in Cuba. 
This decision, if enforced, will no doubt put a stop to the constant “runs” on the part of 
small depositors on the large banks here, the result of indiscreet or intentional malicious 
remarks made by ignorant persons. 

An Emergency Tariff Treaty between Cuba and the United States has been proposed 
by the administration, naming a 50% preferential in customs duties in place of the 20% 
preferential now in existence. Advocates of this measure point out that it would favor 
the United States in meeting German competition, which is beginning to show in several 
commodities already, and would greatly assist the sugar planters as well. A committee, 
consisting of the Cuban Minister to the United States, Secretary of Treasury Gelabert, 
and the Collector of Customs, Colonel Despaigne, has called at the White House to con- 
fer with President Harding relative to this proposed treaty. 

Another organization working along similar lines has been formed in New York and 
is headed by Horatio Rubens, together with other prominent American business men 
having interests in Cuba, their object being to induce Congress to reduce the tariff rates 
on sugar to those effective previous to the new Fordney Emergency Measure. 

PouiticaL: Every possible effort is being made by President Zayas, insofar as he is 
able to do so, to bring about the greatest possible economies in the budget. Notwith- 
standing this attitude of the Chief Executive, Congress has been reluctant to comply 
with his wishes, having recently appropriated some ten millions in excess of the amount 
asked for by the President for government operation during the next fiscal year. 

In an address made on ‘‘Grito de Yara” or Independence Day, October 10th, at 
Maceo Park, President Zayas, addressing members of the Rotary Club, fraternal organi- 
zations and commercial representatives of all branches of industry, deplored the past 
mistakes and declared that patriotism is the greatest guarantee the Cuban people can 
have for a successful future. The President spoke very optimistically of the future 
and expressed his belief that the economic situation already showed signs of improvement. 

Lapor: By a presidential decree issued October 6th, authorization was made to re- 
patriate all foreign laborers remaining on the Island without employment, the decree stipu- 
lating that laborers from Haiti, Jamaica and other islands of the Lesser Antilles con- 
tracted for labor in the agricultural districts should be sent to their homes at the expense 
of the Cuban Government, it being held that they constituted a menace to law and peace 
of the community by being allowed to remain here without any visible means of sup- 
port and that they were fast becoming a lawless mob. It was further provided that 


EH EE CUBA REVI Ww 11 


immigrants from the above named countries coming to Cuba without contracts and being 
without funds should be repatriated in groups, provided such request for return be made 
by diplomatic representatives of their respective countries. 

Reduction in wages of government employes has resulted by reason of a decree 
issued by the President, effective September 23d, no special amount being named. The 
decree states that the reduction should be “‘adequate.”’ 

Recognizing the need of additional housing facilities, especially for the laboring ele- 
ment, if wages are to be appreciably reduced, the House of Representatives has under 
consideration a bill providing for the building of 5000 workmen’s houses, the money for 
this work to be secured by issuing bonds to the amount of $12,000,000 to cover the cost of 
construction. One of the biggest detriments at present, aside from the financial situ- 
ation, is the abnormal rentals being asked for even the smallest and in many in- 
stances almost untenable buildings. This condition will have to be remedied before 
the workmen can afford to take a wage reduction and still continue to live decently. 

Farmers and cane planters are appealing to the government and municipal authori- 
ties to inaugurate public work to afford them employment and to provide them with suffi- 
cient funds to purchase the bare necessities of life. Many of these farmers are encounter- 
ing a hard struggle for existence as a result of the exceptionally poor season in the sugar 
industry. 

UNITED STATES FLEET TO MANEUVER IN CuBAN Waters: Announcement has been 
made by the Navy Department that the Atlantic Fleet, under the Command of Admiral 
Jones, will maneuver in Guantanamo Bay, previous to joining the combined maneuvers 
of the Atlantic and Pacific Fleets in Panama Bay during the month of February. 

“Hn GRITO DE YARA” CELEBRATED: This day, which corresponds to the American 
Fourth of July or Independence Day, was celebrated by parades, fireworks and orations. 
The festivities were brought to a close in the evening by a series of magnificent balls and 
dances. El Grito de Yara is celebrated in commemoration of the beginning of Cuba’s 
fight for independence, which started on October 10, 1868. 

TELEPHONE SERVICE IN CusBa Growine Rapipity: From the Annual Report of 
the Cuban Telephone Company recently published, it is shown that the company now 
serves 35,916 subscribers, an increase of nearly three thousand over the previous year. 
When consideration is given to financial conditions during this period, the growth in the 
service is very gratifying. 

Caprain Oscoop Smita Dies: The American community and many Cubans who 
had been long acquainted with Captain Osgood Smith, for many years Secretary of the 
American Chamber of Commerce, were shocked to learn of his sudden death from blood 
poisoning. Funeral services were conducted by the Spanish War Veterans, of which 
Captain Smith was a member. The body was placed on board the 8. 8. Pastores 
for shipment to his home at Portland, Maine, where it was cremated in accordance with 
his wishes. 

First Curnese Minister To Cusa Arrives: The first Chinese Minister to the 
Republic of Cuba, Dr. Philip C. K. Tyau, arrived here on October 20th. Previously, 
China had been represented by a Consul General. 

Frencu Minister To Cusa Diss: Jean Batiste Honorine, French Minister to 
Cuba, died on October 10th after a protracted illness. Dr. Honorine had a long and 
honorable career in the diplomatic corps of his country, having entered the service in 1880 
as Consul to the French Legation in Barcelona, Spain. 


Deferred Cablegrams “Via Hayti’ to Deferred Cablegrams for Cuba and Vene- 


Cuba and Venezuela zuela at the following rates from New York: 
Commencing November 1, 1921, the Cuba—Havana and Santiago, 7/4 cents 


United States and Hayti Telegraph & per word; other stations in Cuba, 10 cents 
Cable Company, in connection with the per word; Venezuela—all stations, 5214 
French Telegraph Cable Co., will accept cents per word. 


[nnn nnn ne EEE? 


12 THE CUBA REVIEW 


The Pomarrosa of Cuba. 


Some Uncommon Fruit Trees of Cuba 
By C. D. Mell 


The Rose Apple or la Pomarrosa 


The rose apple (Hugenia jambos), which is known also as jambos, is one of the many 
tropical fruit trees that have received too little attention by plant breeders. It is a 
tree of unusual interest, and if the fruit it produces were improved by properly crossing 
the best strains, an industry of considerable commercial importance could doubtless be 
developed by planting the trees in orchards as in the case of oranges and mangoes. 

The possibilities of this tree have long since been recognized by orchardists in Cuba, 
where the pomarrosa tree has been growing for over 200 years, but as yet too little is 
known about it, and it is now found only here and there in gardens. Its propagation 


TORE CW BA, BE Var, W 13 


and culture have recently been undertaken in several experimental plant-breeding 
stations in Brazil, and it is believed that this already very ornamental and useful fruit 
tree will soon be grown to a much greater degree of perfection and that its fruit will be- 
come a most valuable addition to our desserts. 

The tree may be described as one of the most beautiful and unique plants in the 
tropics. It attracts the attention of all travelers. Few trees have such beautiful 
leaves, flowers and fruit as the rose apple. The crown generally develops into a beauti- 
ful pyramidal head with numerous relatively small branches forming a dense growth of 
small branches, twigs and very shiny, dark green leaves that are lance-shaped and very 
long acuminate. They are from one to two inches wide and from five to eight inches 
long, and are so numerous that they do not allow any sunlight to pass through the crown 
to the ground below. 

The flowers are more or less showy and are attached close to the branches. The 
stamens are very numerous and white, and the other parts of the floral envelope range 
from green to white and sometimes quite pinkish in color. The fruit of the best known 
varieties is only about two inches long and is distinctly pear-shaped and yellowish white, 
tinged with a bright rose color. In general appearance it resembles the pomegranate or 
granada apple to which it is closely allied botanically. It is a very attractive fruit to 
look at, but it is not so pleasant to the taste as its delicate odor would at first lead one to 
think. The pulp contains about 12% of sugar, and it is believed that by proper culti- 
vation and forcing, the tree could be made to produce a far superior fruit both as to size 
and percentage of sugar content. When this is accomplished there will probably be no 
other tree that will yield so good a fruit for making jelly, preserves and cooling beverages. 


The Genip or Mamoncillo 


The genip is an uncommonly interesting tree, especially from the time its abundant 
clusters of fruits begin to appear in the early spring until they drop in late summer. 
No other fruit tree in the American tropics is better known by children, who are very 
fond of the honey berries, as they are generally called in the English-speaking regions of 
its range of growth. The tree produces grape-like clusters of fruits which in size and shape 
compare favorably with small plums; they are at first green, then yellow, and have a 
very agreeable sub-acid flavor, and are sometimes called Spanish lime. 

The botanical generic name is Melicocca, which was derived from the two Latin 
words meli, honey, and coccos, berry, having reference to the sweet taste of the berries. 
The specific name is bijuga, which relates to the two-jointed character of the leaf, which 
bears two pairs of leaflets. Some of the popular names in use for the tree and fruits 
are bullace plum, keneppy tree, kenip, kenepier, guenepe, guenette, guenettier. The 
German name is honigbeere, and in Venezuela it is called cotopriz and mico. The Indian 
name in the same region is cuspiritu. In Cuba it appears to be known only under the 
name of mamoncillo de Cuba. In Curacao the Spaniards call the tree monos. 

The tree is remarkably hardy and thrives well under almost all conditions except 
in very dry barren soil. Trees will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, or in a light 
loamy soil; the ripened cuttings will strike root in sand. While the genip is said to be 
native to the Guianas, it is now flourishing throughout the West Indies, and has been 
introduced also into the East Indies. It has been planted and grows successfully in 
southern California, and also in Florida, where it is said to bear fruit as far north as 
Cape Canaveral. 

There are few tropical trees that bear fruit in such large quantities as the genip 
tree, and although its fruits are highly prized by all children, surprisingly little use has 
been made of these plum-like berries for domestic purpose. This is due partly to the 
fact that the edible pulp between the outer thin leathery skin and the relatively large 
seed within is rather scant. When ripe this pulpy matter is transformed into a semi- 
translucent juicy substance which has a vinous flavor and is very bright yellow in color; 
the coloring principle in these ripe fruits dyes cotton a fast yellow. This color substance 


14 THE CUBA REVIEW 


The Mamoncillo Tree of Cuba. 


has not yet been investigated, but it has possibilities for important technical uses in a 
large way. Moreover, the fruit could be prepared and served in different ways. It 
would make a delicious dessert and from it could be made a marmalade equal to that of 
any fruit. Another way to serve it would be in the form of a pudding. Although the 
writer has no information of such use, it may be safely asserted that a beer or brandy 
could be prepared from these juicy fruits. 

The seeds when freed from the pulpy matter are about as large as a hazel nut and 
have a relatively thin shell. The inner portion or kernel is a starchy mass not unlike 
that of a chestnut and children are very fond of these nuts when roasted. If these 
seeds were properly collected, prepared and roasted in a commercial way, a market could 
be developed for them in the States, same as there is now for the cashew and other nuts 
that are imported so largely. 

As an ornamental tree the genip is very attractive and well worth cultivating. 
The beautiful glossy green of its foliage, forming a very dense crown, contrasts pleasant- 
ly with the lighter and darker shades of green of the surrounding trees. The trees are 


LA RCO Br Awe 1, Vile Wi, 15 


The Fruit of the Mamoncillo Tree. 


relatively small and pinnate and give the tree a distinctly tropical appearance. The tree 
grows to be from twenty to sixty feet high, forming a very dense shade, and has been 
recommended for planting along roads and avenues for shade and ornament. 


The Importance of the China Berry Tree 


There are few trees more refined and beautiful than a well-developed specimen of 
the China berry (Melia azedarach) which has distributed itself so widely through the 
southern United States and tropical America. It is a native to the warmer parts of 
the Far East and is often referred to as the Pride of China. Being one of the most 
hardy of all the known tropical trees, it has a wider geographical artificial range of growth 
than any other Old World species now growing in the tropical and subtropical parts of 
America. It has been cultivated for over two hundred years in the southern states as 
well as in all the West Indian islands, where it is now very abundant, especially in towns 
and cities, and takes rank among the standard shade trees. Few trees are more orna- 


nea adyyEE EE aE aa 


16 THE COBRA RELS FLY. 


The China Berry Tree. 


mental at all seasons of the year and adapt themselves more rapidly to the local con- 
ditions of soiland climate, or are more thoroughly satisfactory and important as shade 
trees in the tropics where densely crowned trees are required. 

The China berry tree attains a height of upward to fifty feet with beautiful spreading 
branches and a dense low crown. It develops an abundance of dark glossy green leaves 
which contrast pleasantly with the somewhat duller green foliage of its associates. The 
large panicles of fragrant, bluish-lilac flowers which appear in great profusion every 
year, together with the dark lustrous green leaves, make it an object of great beauty. 
Unlike so many other useful trees, it produces fruit in great abundance. 

The hardy nature of this tree and its accommodating character as regards soil and 
situation render it one of the easiest trees to plant. It reproduces freely from seed and 
also possesses the useful property of sprouting from the stump and roots after the tree 
is cut down. It may be propagated also by cuttings, which is much quicker and easier 
than by seed, for if the young shoots are planted early in the spring they will strike root 
at once and grow very rapidly. According to good authority young trees grow very 
fast and sometimes send up a central stem twenty feet high in a year anda half. Ata 
height of ten feet, lateral branches develop. The tree is deserving of extensive increase 
not only as a shade tree, for which it possesses undoubted merit, but also as a forest or 
timber tree. Since it is not exacting as to soil and site, the China berry can be confi- 
dently recommended for planting on nearly all the denuded pine lands in the south as 
well as on abandoned agricultural lands throughout the West Indies. 

The wood of the China berry is light brown when freshly cut, but becomes reddish 
as it dries in the air, leaving little or no distinction between heartwood and sapwood. 
The color and grain fit it particularly for cabinet work, and if it were obtainable in suf- 
ficiently large quantities, it would be used in place of mahogany and Spanish cedar. 
The best quality wood is obtained from trees twelve to fifteen inches in diameter and not 
exceeding thirty to forty years of age. Trees grown in good soil increase rapidly in 
diameter and develop wide annual rings of growth which add considerable figure to the 
wood, so that it reminds one of Spanish cedar, to which this tree is closely related. The 


Hel IO CA Js AE IRIE VI IO We 


wood is of very good quality and can be used for making cigar boxes equally as well as the 
cedar. Being easily worked, it is largely employed for furniture and the interior fimish 
of boats. In India it is considered valuable for beams, rafters, furniture and for many 
other important purposes. 


Consular and Customs Regulations of Cuba 
Prepared by Placido M. Dominguez 


GENERAL PROVISIONS 


Invoices must be made on firm and durable paper, in a legible manner and indelible 
ink, and can be written in Spanish or English. Five copies of each invoice are required 
for Havana, and four for all other ports. If type-written, the original copy must be pre- 
sented; duplicates, etc., may be carbon copies. When more than one sheet is necessary, 
all should be clasped together, and the declaration written on the last sheet. They must 
contain name of shipper and consignee, name of vessel, mark and numbers, description 
of merchandise, (*) specifying the materials of which it is composed, gross and net weight 
(in Kilograms), detailed price and total value, including a statement of the expenses 
incurred by the merchandise up to the time it is packed and ready for shipment. Prices 
should not be included or bunched together, but price and weight of every article or class 
of goods given separately, as some goods pay duty by weight and some ad-valorem. If 
there are no expenses state so. 


CHARGES AND EXPENSES 


Merchandise shall be considered for tariff purposes as packed and ready for shipment 
to Cuba when it is in the place specified in the bill of lading covering the importation of 
said merchandise, and, therefore, the freight charges shall not be added to the cost of the 
merchandise if the bill of lading reads direct from the first point of shipment; but if mer- 
chandise from the interior of a country is sent to a port and there shipped to Cuba with 
a bill of lading only from that port to Cuba, the land freight on said merchandise must be 
added. If merchandise is sent from one country to another by sea, and the bill of lading 
reads direct from the first point of shipment, the freight from the first country to the point 
of trans-shipment for Cuba shall not be included in the cost of the merchandise; but if 
merchandise is shipped from one country to another with a bill of lading from the port of 
the first to that of the second country, and then with a different bill of lading from the 
point of trans-shipment for Cuba, the charge for conveyance from the first to the second 
country must be included in the cost of the merchandise. 

Commission on an invoice shall always be included in the cost of merchandise, with 
the exception of the consular fees charged by the Consuls of Cuba. Incidental expenses, 
custom house and statistical fees, papers and stamps, wharfage, etc., must also be included 
in the dutiable value as an actual part of the cost of placing the merchandise ready for 
shipment to Cuba. 

Charges for conveyance and cartage, marking and other necessary expenses incurred 
on account of the merchandise must be considered as part of the cost, and, therefore, be 
included. 

The insurance will not be considered as part of the cost of the merchandise, nor shall 
the fee for consular certification be included in the costs. 

The costs above specified, therefore, in addition to those for the cartons, boxes, crates, 
cases, bags and coverings, shall be added to the merchandise as part of its costs by the 


(*) In describing the merchandise, particular care must be taken to make a careful statement of the com- 
ponent materials. Examples: if KNIVES, state of iron or steel with wooden or bone handles; if SHOES, state 
whether made of leather with tops of cloth, canvas, etc., and whether Men’s, Women’s or Children’s, and size 
(American Standard); if MACHINERY, state whether of steel or steel and brass, or any other metals; if FUR- 
DERURE, state whether made of oak, mahogany, pine or other wood; if LITHOGRAPH, state the number of 
colors. 


18 THE CUBA REVIEW 


respective customs authorities in order to levy the proper ad-valorem duties on the valua- 
tion fixed by the appraisers. 
REQUIREMENTS 


Any citizen or foreigner sending merchandise to the Republic of Cuba, shall present 
to its consular office, the respective invoices for their certification, provided the said in- 
voices carry a value of $5.00 or more; likewise the bills of lading, to be duly viséd. 

In order to have the advantage of the Reciprocity Treaty between Cuba and the 
United States, invoices under $5.00 covering goods of the soil or industry of this country 
should be certified. 

With the exception indicated in the foregoing paragraph, the Custom Houses of the 
Republic will exact certified invoices and viséd bills of lading for the clearance of mer- . 
chandise, or, in exceptional cases, a guarantee for the subsequent production of these 
documents. 

Each invoice must represent a distinct shipment by one ship to one consignee or 
firm of consignees. The consolidation of different consignments in a single invoice shall 
not be permitted. 

Invoices as well as the declarations herein referred to, must be written on one side 
of paper only. No corrections, erasures, additions or alterations are allowed unless stated 
in a signed acknowledgment in Spanish or English preceding the declaration. 


Invoices PRESENTED BY MANUFACTURERS, PRODUCERS, SELLERS, OWNER OR SHIPPERS 


At the bottom of the invoice the Manufacturers, Producers, Sellers, Owner or Shippers 
will write in Spanish and sign one of the declarations printed at the end of these instruc- 
tions. 

If the article shipped is a product of the soil or industry of the United States, use one 
of the DECLARATIONS FOR DOMESTIC GOODS. 

If a product of the soil or industry of any other country than the United States, use 
one of the DECLARATIONS FOR FOREIGN GOODS. 


INVOICES PRESENTED BY AGENTS 


If the Manufacturers, Producers, Sellers, Owner or Shippers do not reside in the city, 
a person must be appointed to present the invoice, such appointment to be in writing. 
In this case, as well as when the shipment is made through an agent, in addition to any 
of the declarations indicated in the foregoing paragraphs, signed by the said Manufac- 
turers, Producers, Sellers, Owner or Shippers (as the case may be) a second declaration 
is required written in Spanish, and signed by the agents. 


MERCHANDISE OTHER THAN THE PRODUCT OF THE UNITED STATES 


Goods not the production of the soil or industry of the United States, should be 
placed on a separate consular and commercial invoice, as only such goods as are the 
production of the United States are entitled to benefit of the Reciprocity Treaty between 
Cuba and the United States. 

Shipments of foreign goods under $5.00 in value, consular invoice not required. 

All shipments over $5.00 in value, consular invoice must be presented. 

No invoice will be accepted by the Cuban Custom Houses which includes domestic 
and foreign merchandise. 


SHIPMENT OF TISSUES 
Besides the marks, numbers, classes, quantity and gross weight of packages, the 
following particulars will be required on invoices covering shipments of tissues to Cuba: 
1. Nature of fibre. (Cotton, linen, wool, silk, ete.) 


2. Kind of tissue. (Plain, smooth, twilled, damask-like, or whether it is or is not 
embroidered.) 


EE CLO BAe re EB Viele Vs 19 


3. Bleached, half-bleached, stamped, dyed by the piece or woven with threads 
dyed before being woven. 
Number of threads in six square millimeters (14 inch). 
Length and width in meters and centimeters. 
Weight of 100 square meters. 
Price of the unity and partial value of each kind, and nature of same. 
Expenses up to the time of shipment to Cuba. 


Don ras 


Mrxep Fasrics 


Mixed fabrics, cotton mixed with silk, wool, or any other mixture, should be so stated 
in the invoice. The principal material should also be stated and proportion of the princi- 
pal material. If proportion of principal is silk or wool, then goods pay duty ad-valorem 
and not by threads as cotton goods. Also if goods contain one-fifth or more of silk, wool or 
other material, goods pay duty ad-valorem as silk or wool. 


Reapy-MApDE CLOTHING AND WEARING APPAREL 


Ready-made clothing, wearing apparel of all kinds and of any style and, generally, 
all articles made up by the seamstress or tailor, shall be hable on their total weight to the 
duties on the principal and most prominent outside fabric. Give material, cotton, wool, 
silk, etc., if composed of mixed material, and proportion of each. Do not state in the 
invoice, wool or silk, unless material is actually wool or silk, as those goods pay more duty 
than cotton and other material. 


INSTRUCTIONS FOR SHIPPING READY-MADE CLOTHING 


Gross and net weight of box or package, must be given. When ready-made cotton 
clothing is shipped in cardboard boxes the net weight of these cardboard boxes should 
be given separately. 

In the Cuban Custom Houses cotton goods pay duty according to the number of 
threads in a space of six millimeters or one-fourth of aninch. A surtax of 100% is placed 
on ready-made cotton clothing and a surtax of 30% for colored threads on both ready- 
made clothing and fabrics. If the goods contain silk, wool or any other material, a surtax 
is placed. If the mixture of silk, wool, or any other material, exceeds one-fifth of the 
threads, then the fabrics or goods, are considered as silk or wool and pay duty ad-valorem. 
In sending ready-made cotton clothing to Cuba, the shipper may, if possible, give number 
of threads in a space of six millimeters and if the goods are crossed or plain woven. This 
information is not absolutely necessary, but is a help to the Custom House and to the 
broker. 

For the application of the corresponding surtax, clothing and articles half-finished 
or basted shall be considered as made-up articles. 


INvoIcEs FOR READY-MaApbDE CLOTHING 


In the invoices for ready-made clothing to be sent to Cuba, the shipper should always 
give net weight separate of each class or lot of goods, and the reference mark or number. 
Ready-made clothing almost always has a reference mark which is attached to the garment 
by a tag. The reason for this is that goods which may appear similar, when they are 
placed under the thread counter are found to contain a different number of threads and 
goods pay at different rates. When the net weights of different lots of ready-made 
clothing are bunched together, it means that every lot must be weighed in the Custom 
House, which causes a vast amount of delay in the despatch. 


INSTRUCTIONS FOR SHIPPING CoTTON FABRICS 


The instructions for shipping ready-made clothing apply to fabrics except that for 
fabrics samples should always be sent. In the Custom Houses, samples of cotton fabrics 
are always taken, and sending samples avoids the piece of goods being mutilated, and 
facilitates the work in the Custom House. 


20 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Brits oF LapING 

Two copies of each set of bills of lading are required by the Consulate; the original 
is certified and returned, and a copy not negotiable is kept on file. 

Bills of lading, duly signed by the Consul, must be presented in the Custom House, 
with the consular invoices. 

Bills of lading for short shipped goods must also be signed by the Cuban Consul. 

A duplicate copy of bills of lading may be obtained, without charge, should the origi- 
nal be lost. 

Bills of lading covering merchandise with a value of less than $5.00 need not be cer- 
tified. 

SHIPMENTS OF AUTOMOBILES 

Besides the names of shipper and consignee, name of vessel, mark and numbers, 
gross and net weights, ete., the following particulars will also be required on invoices 
covering shipments of automobiles to Cuba: maker and name of car, year’s model, number 
of the motor, number of cylinders, H. P. type of car, and number of passengers. 

Automobiles owned by tourists and used by them abroad may be entered free of duty, 
provided their reexportation within thirty days is guaranteed by a bond of twice the duty 
on automobiles; the period may at the discretion of the customs officials, be extended an 
additional thirty days. Consular invoices are required for these shipments. The auto- 
mobiles so imported must not be used for gainful purposes in Cuba. 


MERCHANDISE AND ADVERTISING MATTER HAVING NO COMMERCIAL VALUE 


Net weight should be given on Consular invoices covering merchandise and adver- 
tising matter, and a statement made that the articles have no commercial value. Esti- 
mated valuation must be stated. 


INVoIcEes FOR Goops SENT By Matt (*) 
Invoices of merchandise sent by mail must be certified by the Cuban Consul. — 


Goops SHORT SHIPPED 


In those cases where a shipper has had an invoice certified at the Consulate, and it 
later results that the steamship company has “shut out” the entire shipment or 
part of same, the shipper must see that the steamship company marks on the bills of 
lading alongside of those goods which were “shut out,” “Short Shipped.”? The consular 
invoice need not be recertified, but it is well to notify the consignee to the effect that the 
goods are to go forward on whatever steamer the case may be, and not by the steamer 
that appears on the consular invoice, and he will therefore make his entry in the Custom 
House under the correct name of the steamer. 


SAMPLES 


Samples of felt, wall paper, and fabrics, will be admitted in Cuba free of duty, under 
the following conditions: 

That they do not exceed 40 centimeters in length, measured in the warp or length of 
the piece, even when such samples take up the entire width of the piece. The width 
shall, for fabrics, be determined by the list, and for felts and wall paper, by the narrow 
border which has not passed through the press. 

Samples not having these indications shall be admitted free of duty only when they 
do not exceed 40 centimeters in any dimension. 

In order to avoid abuse, the samples declared for free entry must have cuts 20 centi- 
meters apart in their width, so as to render them unfit for any other purpose. 

Samples of hosiery rendered unfit for use by cuts 20 centimeters apart. 

Samples of fabrics; when not presented with cuts 20 centimeters apart, this require- 
ment may be fulfilled at the time of entry, in order that they may be admitted free of duty. 


(*) Shipments by mail to Cuba should not weigh over 4 lbs. and 6 ounces. A Customs Declaration is 
required by the Post Office, attached to each parcel. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 21 


Samples of trimmings in small pieces of no commercial value or possible use other- 
wise than as samples. 

No other samples than those provided for in the foregoing paragraphs are admitted 
free of duty: provided that ordinary commercial samples imported by bona fide commer- 
cial travelers in their baggage, after examination and identification by the Custom House, 
upon reexportation within three months after the date of their importation, are entitled 
to a refund of 75% of the duties paid thereon, if upon presentation at the Custom House 
for reexportation said samples shall be recognized and identified as being those upon 
which duty has been paid, and provided further that the appraised value of said samples 
shall not exceed $500. 

In order to obtain the refund of 75% of the duties paid on samples, they must be 
imported by traveling salesmen as part of their personal equipment, and not as freight duly 
manifested and declared. The value of same must be stated on the consular invoices, 
otherwise the declarations will not be accepted by the custom authorities. 


FREE List 


The following articles may be imported into Cuba free of duty on compliance with 
the prescribed conditions and the formalities established in the Custom Regulations: 

Trained animals, portable theaters, panoramas, wax figures, and similar objects of 
public entertainment, imported temporarily for not more than three months, unless 
extension be granted by the Collector of Customs, provided that bond be given. 

Receptacles exported from Cuba with fruits, sugar, molasses, honey, spirituous 
liquors, alcohol, and coconut oil, and reimported empty, including iron drums containing 
cordage oil. 

Used furniture of persons coming to reside in the country, provided the same has been 
in use for one year. Includes household effects and furnishings such as pictures, books, 
pianos, organs, chinaware, and kitchen utensils, in keeping with the position of the im- 
porter; likewise a carriage or buggy, bearing evidence of having been used for one year, 
when imported by a settler, together with household furniture. 

Wearing apparel, toilet articles, and articles of personal use, bed and table linen, 
books, portable tools and instruments, theatrical costumes, jewels, and table services 
bearing evident trace of use, imported by travelers in their baggage in quantities appro- 
priate to their class, profession, and position. 

The Collector of Customs may exact a bond for the exportation of these articles. 

When dutiable personal effects do not exceed $500.00 in value, a verbal declara- 
tion before the customs authorities is sufficient. 

Plows, hoes, machetes, and cane knives, exclusively used for agricultural purposes, 
and other exclusively adioultiurell saylteraretis, not including machinery. 

Lithographs, posters, manufacturers’ catalogues, calendars and folders for adver- 
tising purposes only, having no commercial value and intended for free public distribution. 

Baggage and personal effects accompanying diplomat and other officials of foreign 
countries that accord the same treatment to Cuban officials. 

Packages bearing the official seal of a foreign government, likewise, clothing, per- 
sonal effects, papers, and other articles for the official use of diplomat or consular officers 
of foreign countries that accord the same treatment to Cuban officials. 

Articles easily susceptible of identification, exported for repair, may be reimported 
free, on proof of identity, save for the repairs, which are dutiable. 


ARTICLES OF WHICH THE IMPORTATION IS RESTRICTED OR PROHIBITED 

Foreign coins of silver, copper, bronze or nickel, with the exception of those of the 
United States of America. 

Dynamite, gunpowder, and similar explosives, unless the smipotten is able to produce 
a special authorization for landing issued to him by the Department of the Interior (Se- 
cretaria de Gobernaci6n). 

Firearms not exceeding .22 caliber or 5.5. millimeters, .32 and .38 caliber revolvers, 
and hunting guns may be imported without previous authorization. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


bo 
bo 


For the importation of long arms of greater caliber than .32 or 5.5. millimeters, 
.44 caliber revolvers, and automatic pistols a special permit is required. 

The importation of silencers for firearms is prohibited. 

Explosives, arms, and ammunition imported without official authorization in ac- 
cordance with existing regulations, will be subject to confiscation upon arrival at a Cuban 
port. This does not apply to sporting guns and rifles for shooting galleries, for the im- 
portation of which no authorization is required. 

Firearms, gunpowder, cartridges, dynamite and all kinds of explosives and munitions 
of war found maliciously concealed on board any vessel and not contained in the manifest, 
shall be confiscated and the captain shall be subject to a fine not to exceed $2,000.00. 

Paintings, publications, figures and all other objects offensive to morality. 

Merchandise whose importation is prohibited, whether declared legally or not, shall 
be seized and confiscated. 

Merchandise imported by passengers when found concealed on their person or in any 
other manner with intent to defraud the revenue shall be subject to seizure. 


PENALTIES AND ADDITIONAL DUTIES 


Consignees of merchandise shall be subject to the following penalties and additional 
duties, in the cases specified below: 

If the appraised value of any merchandise exceeds the declared value of same, it 
shall pay, besides the regular customs duties, an additional amount equal to 1% of the | 
total appraised value for each 1% that said appraised value exceeds the declared value; 
and if said appraised value exceeds the declared value by more than 50%, except in cases 
of an evident clerical error, the declaration shall be considered as attempted fraud, and 
the merchandise shall be held and confiscated by the Government. 

If the actual weight of a shipment exceeds the declared weight by a difference of from 
1 to 15°; (both inclusive) of the total weight of the shipment, the Customs Collector shall 
use his discretion in imposing additional duties not to exceed 1% of the total duties on 
the merchandise for each 1% of difference between the declared weight and the real weight. 
Such additional duties shall not be imposed by the Customs Collector in case he is satis- 
fied that the discrepancy was unintentional. 

When such difference exceeds 15% of the total weight of the merchandise, but does 
not exceed 50% of the said total weight, an additional duty of 1% for each 1% of differ- 
ence between the declared weight and the true weight shall be imposed. 

Should the difference exceed 50% of the total weight of the merchandise the dec- 
laration shall be considered as attempted fraud, and the merchandise shall be held and 
confiscated by the Government. 

In all cases of additional duties, obligatory or discretionary, if actually imposed, no 
exemption shall be made except with the approval in writing of the Chief of the Customs 
Service in Havana, to whom an appeal in writing may be addressed, and whose decision 
shall be final. 

The Cuban Custom House will impose a fine amounting to double consular fees if 
invoices and bills of lading are certified on a date later than the arrival of the correspond- 
ing ship at the first Cuban port of entry. 

The Cuban Custom House will also impose a fine of double the fees failed to have 
been paid at the Consulates, on invoices whose values upon appraisal of the merchandise 
are found to be more than the value consigned. 

The above-mentioned fines will not be imposed when invoices and bills of lading 
cover merchandise shipped from countries and through ports where there is no Cuban 
Consular Office. 

FRAUDULENT DECLARATION 


Merchandise declared in a fraudulent manner, as regards its value, quantity, or 
character, shall be forfeited to the Government; and merchandise having been the object 
of an attempt at Importation into Cuba without previous and due declaration and proper 
clearance in the Custom House shall be seized and confiscated. 


TE CO BEAN TE VALE We 23 


Custom Houses or CuBA 


‘The following ports of the Republic are qualified for the reception of merchandise: 

Habana, Matanzas, Cardenas, Isabela de Sagua, Caibarien, Nuevitas, Gibara, Puerto 
Padre, Banes, Nipe, Baracoa, Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba, Manzanillo, Santa Cruz 
del Sur, Jucaro, Tunas de Zaza, Trinidad, Cienfuegos, Batabané, Nueva Gerona, Los 
Indios (Isle of Pines), Mariel. 

Also, the following delegations of custom houses are qualified for the reception of 
merchandise, as sub-ports: 

Jucaro, delegation of the Nueva Gerona (Isle of Pines) Custom House. 

Sagua de Tanamo, delegation of the Nipe Custom House. 

Vita, delegation of the Gibara Custom House. Niquero, delegation of the Man- 
zanillo Custom House. 

-Manati, delegation of the Puerto Padre Custom House. 

A delegation of the Baracoa Custom House has been established in Cananova and 
other of the Santiago de Cuba in Nima-Nima, for the entrance direct from foreign ports of 
ships in ballast for the exportation of national products. 

The Secretary of the Treasury of Cuba has notified the Collectors of Customs of the 
Republic that the operations of commerce for importation are entirely restricted to the 
area of the port within the corresponding custom districts, where only the ships will be 
able to enter from foreign ports to clear the merchandise that is imported or exported. 


REGISTRATION OF TRADE-MARKS IN CUBA 


Office of Registration: Secretaria de Agricultura, Comercio y Trabajo, Havana. 

Duration: Fifteen years; renewable. 

Fees, Registration: $12.50; renewal, same. 

Formalities of Registration: Application must show name, residence, and occupation 
of petitioner, mark, class of mark (whether of commerce or manufacture), and articles to 
be marked; it should be accompanied by 15 copies of the mark, 3 of which are to have the 
description written on back, and, for foreigners, by a certificate of registration abroad 
and a power of attorney, legalized by a Cuban consul. The application for registration 
must be published for 10 days at the expense of the applicant. Within 30 days after 
the first publication, $12.50 in stamps must be attached to the record. One mark may be 
registered for several articles, but for several marks or variations of the same mark as 
many fees must be paid. The use of a registered trade-mark is required on articles of 
gold and silver and pharmaceutical supplies, and all trade-marks used must be registered. 


COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS IN CUBA 


A commercial traveler entering Cuba, with or without samples, needs no credentials 
so far as the Government is concerned, but it is highly desirable, nevertheless, that he 
should have some kind of credentials from the individual, firm, or corporation he represents. 
These need not necessarily be given or vouched for by any official authority, as they 
would be used only for the purposes of identification and authorization to transact busi- 
ness. It would be still better if such credentials were authenticated by a notary or by 
a Cuban consular officer. 

No licenses are required, and a commercial traveler, after he has entered his samples, 
is not subject to any regulations or restrictions in regard to the duration of his visit or 
the method of transacting business. There are no charges of any kind imposed on com- 
mercial travelers. 

SIGNATURE 

The declaration on the invoice should be signed, viz. If the shipper is a company 
duly incorporated, per example: PASCO TRADING CORPORATION, per Richard 
Doe, Attorney; if by an official of the company: PASCO TRADING CORPORATION, 
per Richard Doe, President, Vice-President, Secretary Treasurer, etc., as the case may be. 

When the shipper is a firm not incorporated, they should use the name of the com- 
pany or its members, in signing the consular documents. 


24 THE CUBA REVIEW 


PLACE OF SHIPMENT AND DATE 
Place of shipment and date must be shown under the declaration instead of at the 
head of the consular invoice. 


CONSULAR FEES 


$0.10 for certifying invoices less than $5 in value. 

$0.50 for certifying invoices from $5 to $49.99. 

$2 on amounts from $50 to $200. 

$0.25 extra for each additional $100 or fraction thereof. 

$0.50 for certifying extra copies of any invoice. 

$1 for certifying each set of bills of lading. 

Bills of lading covering shipments of less than $5 in value, need not be vised. 


WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 


The metric system of weights and measures is in use in Cuba: 
1 kilogram (kilo)==1000 grams—=2.2046 pounds. 

1 hectoliter—=100 liters—=26.417 gallons. 

1 meter—100 centimeters—=1,000 millimeters=39.37 inches. 


CONSULATES OF CUBA IN THE UNITED STATES 


Aguadilla, P. R.; Atlanta, Ga.; Baltimore, Md.; Boston, Mass.; Brunswick, Ga.; 
Charleston, $.C.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.; Detroit, Mich.; Fernandina, Fla.; Phila- 
delphia, Pa.; Galveston, Texas; Gulfport, Miss.; Honolulu, Hawaii; Jacksonville, Fla.; 
Kansas City, Mo.; Key West, Fla.; Louisville, Ky.; Los Angeles, Cal.; Mobile, Ala.; 
Mayaguez, P. R.; NEW YORK, N. Y. (Consulate General) ; New Orleans, La.; Newport- 
News, Va.; Norfolk, Va.; Pascagoula, Miss.; Pensacola, Fla.; Ponce, P. R.; San Francisco, 
Cal.; Saint Louis, Mo.; San Juan, P. R.; Savannah, Ga.; Tampa, Fla.; Washington, D. C. 


A Few DONT’S For Consuxar INVOICES: 


DON’T bunch prices and weights of different articles together; give them separately, 
as some goods pay duty by weight and some ad-valorem. 

DON’T bunch charges and expenses of an invoice together; place the commission, inci- 
dental expenses, conveyance, cartage, marking and other costs, separately. 

DON’T have more than one mark in each invoice; the consolidation of different consign- 
ments in a single invoice is not permitted. 

DON’T make corrections, erasures or alterations on your invoice; any addition should 
be stated in a signed acknowledgment preceding the declaration. 

DON’T alter your invoice after it has been signed by the Consul. 

DON’T change the name of the boat on your invoice when the entire shipment or part 
of same has been ‘shut out’’ by the steamship company; notify the consignee to that effect 
and he will make his entry in the Custom House under the correct name of the steamer. 

DON’T state on your invoice ‘Samples,’ ‘‘Merchandise without commercial value” 
or ‘‘ Advertising matter’’; always give estimated valuation of same. 

DON’T give the weights on the invoice in pounds approximately; remember the Metric 
System is in use in Cuba and your customer may suffer penalties for difference on the weights. 

7 D¢ 4 ’T sign your invoice with pencil, rubber stamp or otherwise; sign every copy by hand 
with ink. 

DON’T LEAVE YOUR DOCUMENTS IN THE CONSULATE OVER FORTY- 
EIGHT HOURS; THEY ARE LIABLE TO CANCELLATION. 


United States Exports of Boots and Shoes to Cuba 


The export statistics for August, 1920 and 1921, showing the number of pairs of 


boots and shoes by classes, with the values, exported from the United States to Cuba 
are given in the following table: 


August, 1920 August, 1921 
Quantity Value Quantity Value 
Children See ete te See Ee er eae Rae: pairs 205,344 $341,621 37,756 $63,496 
1s CE ig ae ee SE 9 gg I A) eh ema pairs 209,470 1,140,036 17,039 43,882 


Renders. fo ee. en ee pairs 139,691 345,259 18,684 40,027 


LIE CUO BARE Vin Ww 25 


Traffic Receipts of Cuban Railroads 


Earnings of the Havana Electric Railway, Light & Power Company 


Month of September: 1921 1920 
(EG ROSSKC ATT TY CSE meen eae ea a oan hapa MRE Vrs wea a an ok ae $1,049,174 $961,934 
WD ELALINCCERMCNSES a 05 5s ey see RAS eres ee 545,099 537,031 
IN(GtE GANIRIITIN AS ae boettcher caey oe ae are er meer eae ty $504,075 $424,903 
Miscellaneous: I COMEs 0 pe. ee Ake hoa: Nata ae wads Ohaus oe 6,506 12,615 
MRO NASM e GEM COME aii seater seca noe GS ote hh sek ee $510,581 $437,518 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges...................... 193,711 205,095 
9 Months to September 30h: 
SOLOS SHe IMINO SPP a eaga 5, 1,5, ocala oleas nee ai vk HTS Ws Sistoet age wee a $9,504,071 $8,312,326 
SCE AMIN OL EXIIENSES ac 2 p45 4 Yaresee aioe Sua igse hose eeereayetin sw absehg eas 5,275,836 4,272,833 
LOGE CIATION © aa Aa rely paca Ramee Re en a a EE NR MAS EL $4,228,235 $4,039,493 
Miscellaneous MNGOmel.. 5:56)... 4. 1o oc dees ee eee sete 72,483 84,795 
MRO bE eTe Gem COMME. <qotiae ele Ae es UA tee ore elt con RN te be nate tien $4,300,718 $4,124,288 
Surplus after deducting fixed charges...................... 1,758,388 1,952,370 


Earnings of the United Railways of Havana 


Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 
WeekendinceyOctober Ust.). 24506 0. es she ee oe £46,774 £94,666 
Riecksendina: October. Sti. 2.5. sae bia eco. ess ek been ne 48,682 94,249 
BiieelgenaineiOctobersl thee: 108 .oas0s eas soo cis ee 46,216 89,599 
Baer kaeroinis OCLODET 220 test oe us onze ok cad cA temas oes 43,166 83,090 


Earnings of the Havana Central Railroad Company 


Weekly Receipts: 1921 1920 
Wieek@ending, October Ist). 2000 cee fon. Boe pd eee neled ek £9,650 £12,260 
Miecckeendine October Stl. scam kway red da els 9,761 13,706 
ivecksencime, October (sth 2. (G48 8. ae Md Pa ee Sree 10,348 13,659 
Miecckacndinea1@ctober 22020.) Peg oe da ee ete Beaks 10,972 13,191 


The Prevailing Prices for Cuban Securities 
As quoted by Lawrence Turnure & Co., New York 


Bid Asked 
Republic of Cuba Interior Loan 5% Bonds......................--2000-- 59 62 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1944...................... 82 83 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 5% Bonds of 1949.................... 76 77 
Republic of Cuba Exterior Loan 442% Bonds of 1949.................... 72 73 
enn Oibyinl St eit ren O95! SONUSh 25s muti eone Hoke ahGr are nae, oa neo 85 96 
HayannmiC@ity, 2d) Mtge. 69" Bondss..i4)s14.6osns dees ee nec ce eeae 85 96 
Siam cilroads. Preferred. I OtOCK i..5..0 ote co seine one orieme Sees eee 35 45 
Cilpaskatlroad) ist, Mtge. 59 Bonds of 195220 052... 2 ene ee eee 66 69 
CxbamCompany 16% Debenture, BONS: a..5.5542 0500 Semin sedan Sanne 60 65 
Cuba Company 7% Cumulative Preferred Stock.......................... 60 65 
Hewanastilectric iy. ©o.Cons. Mtge. 5% Bonds........-5.5-¢025--45--65- 74 75 
Havens Hlectric Ry, Light & Power Co: Pid: Stock....:.-22...-...-....- 85 95 
asana, Hleciricuhy. Light Power Co: Come Stock )..-52.2202---s545.:- 80 90 
Silane Aurericane Sugar Cow bide Stocks sapere sito oe 2 ace eke aes 15 15% 
CnbanwAmencan Suzan Cor Come stocknens- see se. 2 oe oe ae ence 8 8% 


Srantanamnoroucar COM Stocker sea nee ne sey miey bac. Cetera roemet as ape dey a 7 8 


a 


26 THE COBA REVIEW 


Punta Alegre Sugar Company 

A deficit for the year ending May 31, 
1921, of $4,547,756, as compared with a 
surplus of $5,646,708 in the preceding year, 
and a reduction in the profit and loss sur- 
plus from $9,136,016 to $4,589,260 is 
shown by the report of the Punta Alegre 
Sugar Company for 1920-21. 

The $4,500,000 deficit is after pay- 
ment of dividends and setting aside of 
reserves for loans and shrinkage. The 
deficit. after expenses, depreciation and 
inventory losses, but before dividends 
and reserves, is $2,843,290. The consoli- 
dated balance sheet shows assets of $23,- 
516,417 as compared with $30,345,422 
in 1920. 

The consolidated income account, with 
the comparative figures for last year, 
shows the following: 


1921 1920 
Operating loss........ $1,162;46 1) eee 
Siperating profit:.... 08 = s,s $8,900,657 
Interest, depreciation, 

2] CL eR ee 5 906,406 1,419,172 
Met loss.......... +. «92,008; S0inmeenee 
met profit: =. :......0.. 8 ae eee $7,481,485 
istimated taxes..i.c.00. s-seeere $53,019 
Adjustment for pre- 

vious year: Loss 

on sugar carried over. 774,423 ........ 

BRET. «ate aah, ee 62,186 
Preferred dividends.... ........ 38,611 
Common dividends.... 1,513,449 791,496 
Reserves, etc.......... 191,017 213,837 
Deficit $4,647,756" (6 oats 
EOL Goes ce eck) Sie oe $5,646,708 
Previous surplus....... 9,136,016 2,416,523 
Paid in on stock issued.. 1,000 1,072,785 


Profit and loss surplus .$4,589,260 $9,136,016 


The consolidated balance sheet as of 
May 31st for the two years is as follows: 


ASSETS 
1921 1920 
Real estate, plant, 


equipment, etc... .$14,279,130 $12,109,231 


Organization exp.... 677,203 674,952 
Mortgages receivable 1,000 2,000 
Stock in other cos.... 296,341 $0,000 
ave stock? j.2.%..% 5% 416,577 475,582 
Supplies in ware- 

ROUEES 33. Pies. 1,348,601 841,826 


Sugar in process..... 3,780 780 
Coming crop exp.... 17,426 72,240 
Deferred charges... . 20,241 132,726 
Supplies in stores.... 305,622 278,222 
Sugar and molasses... 3,683,422 13,819,581 
Accounts receivable.. 2,337,836 1,049,793 
Casht aati cet aees 129,238 808, 489 

Total............$23,516,417 $30,345,422 


LIABILITIES 


Common stock..... .$11,641,150 $11,637,150 


Surplus account..... 4,589,260 9,136,016 
Mortgages payable. . 64,751 65,872" 
Notes & acceptances 4,633,082 5,325,000 
Land purchases... . . 308,298 311,528 
Interest and rents ac- 

GTUGGN 5 scree 28,979 22,224 
Provision for taxes. . 578,019 853,019 
Planters’ reserve.... 470,678 459,000 
Unreported credits. . 65,556 230,115 
Accounts payable... 1,136,144 2,305,498 

Total............$23,516,417 $30,345,422 


The company’s unsold balance of sugar 
as of September 1, 1921, was 200,000 bags, 
inventoried at 2.60 cents per pound, f. o. b. 
Cuba. Notes and acceptances outstand- 
ing, secured by sugars, totaled $4,490,915, 
against $5,325,000 the year previous. 

In his report to the stockholders Pres- 
ident Edwin F. Atkins says: 

At the company’s estates expenses have 
been reduced wherever possible, and econ- 
omies now in force will enable the com- 
pany to compete favorably in the produc- 
tion of low price sugars. 

The output of the estates in terms of 
bags of raw sugar compares with that of 
the preceding crop as follows: 


1920-1921 1919-1920 
PuntaSanJuan.... 324,867 284,566 
Horidare. .ss6 5 eee) 20a; O00 258,462 
‘Rrimrclad:2eaysa nee $4,946 80,592 

‘Lo taieees ea 663,709 623,620 


At Punta San Juan grinding started 
January 5 and continued until May 31, 
1921. Had it been deemed advisable the 
output could have been increased, but on 
account of market conditions large areas 
of young cane here and at Florida were 
left until next crop. The sugar content 


HOE ECO BA She VISE SW, 27 


of the cane was high, a promising indica- 
tion for future crops. The company 
plantations supplied 22 per cent of the 
cane ground. The construction work un- 
dertaken has substantially completed the 
program. The greater part of the ex- 
pense was incurred in connection with the 
railroad, which is now in first-rate condi- 
tion, with suitable wharf and terminal 
facilities. 

At Florida grinding continued from 
December 31st to May 31st. As usual the 
operating efficiency at this property was 
excellent and the operations proceeded 
satisfactorily. Of the cane ground the com- 
pany plantations supplied 20 per cent. 
The unit is now completely equipped; the 
construction work during the year in- 
cluded a new electric plant, boiler, rail- 
road extension, ete. 

The Trinidad mill ground from January 
9th to May 19th. High operating costs re- 
flected the shortage of cane, due to un- 
favorable weather conditions and the high 
cost of cultivating the company planta- 
tions, which supplied 60 per cent of the 
total cane ground. 

Anticipating the difficulty of disposing 
of raw sugars in 1921 the management, 
through E. Atkins & Company, entered 
into an arrangement with the Pennsyl- 
vania Sugar Company whereby the produc- 
tion of the Punta Alegre Sugar Company 
could be disposed of through a refinery 
as refined sugar. This contract has per- 
mitted the regular shipment of sugar from 
Cuba, and constant liquidation, so that 
on September Ist only 200,000 bags of sugar 
remained on hand, which it is expected 
will be disposed of before the end of the 
year. These sugars are included in the 
balance sheet at 2.60 cents per pound. 

Latest advices from the plantations in- 
dicate a good cane supply for the next 
crop and a substantial reduction in oper- 
ating costs. Expenses have been reduced 
as far as possible without affecting eco- 
nomical operation. 

In spite of the losses on last year’s crop 
the company remains in strong financial 
condition, free from bonded indebtedness 
or preferred stock. Financing for the 
present dead season has been arranged 
through the usual bank loans against the 
current crop. 


Cuba Cane Sugar Corporation 


Mr. W. E. Ogilvie, President of the Cuba 
Cane Sugar Corporation, has announced 
that the plan whereby the corporation 
would borrow $10,000,000 from bankers to 
tide it over the present depression in the 
sugar market had been made operative. 
Assent of holders of the 7% debentures 
was required to do the financing, and of 
$25,000,000 outstanding, more than $17,- 
000,000 has been deposited. The de- 
bentures deposited will be stamped and 
hereafter draw 8% instead of 7%. Deben- 
ture holders who have not yet deposited 
may do so up to and including Saturday, 
November 5th. 

No statement has been made by the 
bankers as to the status of the 7% de- 
bentures which are not deposited. It is 
understood, however, that their status 
is not disturbed in the least by the new 
financing. The 8% debentures, according 
to the plan, rank after the $10,000,000 loan. 


Price Readjustments in Cuba 


An outstanding feature of the Cuban 
retail market is the absence of a level of 
retail prices. The readjustment which 
was under way in the United States dur- 
ing the winter and spring of 1921 finds its 
counterpart at present in the Cuban 
market. There is, however, the difference 
that in the United States the price level 
fell fairly evenly among merchants han- 
dling the same lines of goods, while in Cuba 
the individual firms, under pressure of the 
necessity to get cash or believing that still 
lower prices are to come, are offering 
similar or identical goods at very dissimilar 
prices. This liquidation is encouraged 
by the large stocks which in many lines 
still hang over the market, and by the ap- 
parent improbability of an early upward 
tariff revision, which might increase the 
value of stocks held in the country. The 
principal factor which tends to discourage 
the merchants is the general economic 
outlook for the coming year. A small 
class (which made money rapidly during 
the war) has money, but the great ma- 
jority of the people are out of the market 
for all but necessities——Acting Commer- 
cial Attaché Chester Lloyd Jones, Habana. 


28 THE CUBA 


REVIEW 


The Sugar Industry 


September Imports and Exports of Sugar 


The import and export movement of 
sugar in the trade of the United States 
during the month of September showed 
a decrease of approximately 40%, as 
compared with August, government cus- 
toms returns show. Imports dropped 
from 285,426 tons in August to 158,000 
tons last month, or only about 20,000 
tons more than the low level of July. 
Exports of refined sugar similarly de- 
clined from 66,527 tons in August to 
39,891 tons in September, the smallest 
quantity exported in any month since 
April. 

The falling off in imports reflected the 
light movement of raws from Cuba dur- 
ing the month, which totaled only 117,- 
736 tons, as compared with 240,305 tons 
in August, a decrease of more than 50%. 
Imports from the Philippines also de- 
creased to 11,868 tons. Arrivals of full 
duty sugars, on the other hand, were 
larger by nearly 9,000 tons in Sep- 
tember than in the month before, amount- 
ing to 23,007 tons, and there were receipts 
of 5,389 tons of duty free sugars from the 
Virgin Islands, the first from that quarter 
this year. 

The September figures complete the 
returns for the first nine months of 1921, 
during which period total imports have 
amounted to 2,373,758 tons, or 1,130,000 
tons less than were imported in the corre- 
sponding period of 1920, and about 537,000 
tons less than imports in the same period 
of 1919. The figures for September and 
for the first three quarters of this and pre- 
ceding years are as follows, in tons of 


2,000 pounds: 
U.S. Sucar Lvports 

; Nine 
Year September months 
iS Pi Og aes ee 158,000 2,373,758 
BOZO ete eet Oe 220,668 3,503,296 
MONG re ic ci cy Ses 354,319 2,910,435 
MONS ip Ari ees dee 137,548 2,233,461 
1S 1 Af a ce 174,107 2,307,246 
DOUG here> eas oe 90,098 2,338,217 
OL a art st: cides ce. 190,354 2,300,148 


A comparison of the figures of Cuban, 
full duty and duty free imports, respec- 
tively, for the nine months’ period shows 
that roundly 625,000 tons of the de- 


crease in 1921, as compared with 1920, 
has been in receipts from Cuba, and 
about 478,000 tons in full duty imports, 
while duty free sugars have decreased 
about 25,000 tons. In comparison with 
1919, the falling off in Cuban arrivals 
is still more striking, amounting to more 
than 700,000 tons, while full duty im- 
ports, on the contrary, show an increase 
of 160,000 tons. The figures for the 


three years, in ordinary tons, are to 
September 30: 
1921 1920 1919 
Guban eee 2,056,087 2,681,340 2,760,703 
Full duty.. 213,027 691,878 52,842 
Duty free... 104,644 130,078 96,890 
Total ....2,373,758 3,503,296 2,910,435 


Imports from Cuba this year have 
been, in fact, the smallest in the past 
ten years, the figures for the first nine 
months of the years before 1919 being 
as follows: 


1918... <.13 2,152,608 1OUS ee ee 2,079,698 
1917. ...%,.%2,Uka, 91S) TOL eee 2,303,482 
1916... 5. ae bOt LO NOLS eee 2,145,124 


An increase of nearly 7,000 tons in 
arrivals of Santo Domingo sugars ac- 
counted largely for the gain shown in 
full duty imports during the month. 
The figures of these imports, for Sep- 
tember and for the year to date, are as 
follows in tons of 2,000 pounds: 


Sep- Nine 

From tember months 
Santo Domingo ...... 19,898 127,895 
Central America ..... 634 21,837 
Miexi¢o: secs ates 204 11,787 
Brazil eee wero eee PA 3,487 
Pen Woe eee eee ae 10,247 
Venezuela ........... mt 3,205 
Other So. America..... 185 4,578 
British West Indies... . Le 1,993 
Other West Indies..... 1,785 8,175 
Dutch East Indies..... Bae 17,028 
Other countries........ 30 2,795 
Totals o.oo ee 23,007 213,027 


The value of sugar imported in Sep- 
tember was $9,236,701, against $18,119- 
553 for imports during August. The 
sugar was received at the following 
ports: New York, 77,678 tons; Philadel- 
phia, 43,639; Boston, 20,153; Savannah, 


Ge Jel IG WOT LL Ih JB VAIL IGE 29 


3,413; New Orleans, 4,038; Galveston, 
8,144; San Francisco, 363; other ports, 572. 

Exports of refined sugar up to the 
end of September totaled 392,992 tons, 
or about 33,000 tons less than in the 
same period last year and 171,000 tons 
less than in 1919. The value of the 
39,891 tons exported in September was 
$3,429,668, and the total value of the 
trade for the nine months was $42,961,971, 
against $86,083,012 in 1920. The export 
movement of refined for September and 
for the first nine months of recent years 
is shown below in ordinary tons: 


Sep- Nine 
Year tember months 
ODI 2 Se ae eee 39,891 392,992 
WODZORAR Sal elas. 10,499 425,657 
HONOR er ne es, 44,545 564,435 
TOTS eae ies ae eee hea 26,947 98,693 
OWA cot 31,687 417,626 
HOI Geren ie oo oe, 62,585 694,085 
OM pe eer emer 40,349 269,705 


Nearly half of the month’s exports 
went to the United Kingdom, which 
took 19,508 tons, and which has pur- 
chased about 43% of the total exports for 
the year to date. Norway was the next 
largest customer in September, taking 
6,620 tons. The figures of exports by 
countries of destination are as follows, 
in tons of 2,000 pounds: 


Sep- Nine 

Exported to tember months 
Great Britain ....... 19,508 168,318 
IRANCCS ot. cs. be 815 43,044 
(CRREGICO eee 1,861 39,749 
Italy .. ee ae 373 24,195 
Spain and Canary Is. 56 17,491 
Netherlands......... 955 10,606 
Turkey in Europe... 173 9,294 
Gibraltar............ 67 7,257 
INOEWAY 6:06 e205 6,620 6,658 
Jugoslavia........... 33 2,958 
Malta. . : oe 255 1,792 
Azores and Portugal : 66 1,701 
Germany... Sse 521 1,680 
Denmark............ 224 1,232 
Rumania............ 221 885 
Himlland ss: 62... as 1,336 
Lithuania........... 336 336 
Belgium............. 15 461 
Other Europe........ 62 770 
Canada............. 220 2,768 
Newfoundland....... 278 2,466 
IVIERICOR ocd sc ee 317 9,531 
PANAMA. 666. cle ba 131 838 
(Cul og ears eee ore 124 2,551 


JEDI eel aren ON ald 156 718 
Santo Domingo...... 85 924 
British West Indies... 117 1,058 
Virgin Islands........ 33 561 
Other West Indies... . 28 278 
Bermuda. . sone 188 753 
Other No. amen ae 19 208 
Argentinas: sass see 3,385 10,285 
WWRUBUANccoscocccons 1,709 8,481 
Other So. America... . 38 664 
Turkey in Asia....... 78 1,997 
Other Asia........... 47 500 
Philippine Islands... . 87 825 
MICRO CCOM= nae 148 924 
French Africa........ ras 1,598 
British Africa........ 114 466 
Other Africa......... D, 429 
Oceanian ssc eee: 2 29 
licelandeeesaee see ae 146 148 


New Sugar Company 


Announcement has been made of the 
organization of a new company to be 
known as the Sagua-Placetas Sugar Com- 
pany, capitalized at $2,200,000 in shares 
of $100 each. The members of the com- 
pany are José Galvan, Saturnino Miranda, 
Luis Diaz Leon, Bartolome Fernandez, 
Juan Montelongo, Emilio F. Morales 
and Alberto Blanco. 


Sugar Control in Europe 


According to a writer in Facts About 
Sugar, with lower world prices the tendency 
to decontrol in Europe is increasing. 
Belgium is expected to discontinue control 
at the end of the current crop season, re- 
taining only provisions against excessive 
exports in case the domestic supplies should 
fall short. The duty against foreign sugars 
may be increased. In Germany it is also 
rather expected that there will be practical 
decontrol at the end of this season. The 
consumption duty in Holland may be 
raised 6 to 7%. Roumania is to have a 
government monopoly for sugar, the gov- 
ernment to buy the domestic production 
from the refiners at the average value of 
Czech, French, Belgium and Italian sugars, 
and supply it to home consumers with 
about 36% surtax added. In Denmark 
maximum prices for sugar will be discon- 
tinued after October 1 this year, and sub- 
sidized supplies for household use stopped. 
After November 1 the import prohibition 
on sugar will be removed. 


30 THE (CUBA REVIEW 


Sugar 
The History of a Modern Food 


An interesting chronology of the growth of sugar, published recently by Lamborn & Company, 
is here reprinted for the benefit of our readers. 


In early Colonial days, sugar was a costly luxury enjoyed only by the wealthy, and 
used in medicine as a drug. It sold in the loaf for something like 75c. a pound, and granu- 
lated sugar was unknown. 

With the increasing use of tea and coffee, sugar came into the list of principal food 
staples. In the last hundred years the advance in the science of refining has been such 
that sugar has become a commonplace food essential, and, until the recent war shortage 
and restriction, sugar had been so plentiful and cheap that it was used lavishly and with- 
out special thought as to its value and place in our existence. 

Sugar cane has been grown since very early times. The art of boiling sugar was 
known in India before the seventh century, and in Egypt probably sometime before this. 
When sugar was introduced in medieval times by travelers from the East, it was as a rare 
and valuable delicacy known as “Indian Salt,” the word “sugar” being of modern origin. 

Portuguese and Spanish explorers of the fifteenth century carried the cultivation 
of cane to the new world, and early in the sixteenth century it had spread over large 
portions of the West Indies and South America. During the next two centuries great 
wealth was derived from its cultivation, manufacture and export, especially in Brazil 
and Haiti. 

A sugar refinery was built on Manhattan Island shortly after the arrival of the 
Dutch, and that there was some sale of sugar in the early part of the eighteenth century 
is clear from an advertisement which appeared in the New York Gazette of 1730. 


“Public Notice is hereby given that Nicholas Bayard of the City of New 
York has erected a Refining House for Refining all sorts of Sugar and Sugar 
Candy, and has procured from Europe an experienced artist in that Mystery.” 


In 1747 the existence of sugar was discovered in beet and other fleshy roots which 
grow in temperate regions, but little practical use was made of this knowledge until the 
Napoleonic Wars cut off the supply of sugar from the West Indies. Then production 
of beet sugar was undertaken and flourished under the personal encouragement of 
Napoleon, but it was not, however, until after 1830 that it was established on a firm 
footing. From then on the industry has advanced until now about one-half of the world’s 
sugar supply is derived from beets. 

Sugar cane requires at least a twelve months’ growing season, and an absence of 
frost in the ground. The sugar beet can be matured in half that time, and as it is raised 
from seed each year, the frost does not affect it. The cultivation of cane is therefore 
confined to tropical or semi-tropical localities, while beets can be grown in the temperate 
zone. 

Both can be produced in this country, the former largely in Louisiana, Texas and 
Southern California, while the latter is grown in California, Colorado, Utah and some 
of the Middle Western states. 

In the manufacture of sugar the juice is extracted from the cane, usually by crush- 
ing, and is then clarified by the addition of lime, boiled in vacuum pans which keep the 
boiling point low, and crystallized in centrifugal machines. This raw sugar is a light 
brown color and is shipped in bags to the refineries, where the sugar is washed and much 
the same process repeated, it being, in addition, filtered through animal charcoal, known 
as bone-black, to take out any coloring matter. 

The refinery, with all its elaborate machinery, is necessary for the production of the 
white refined sugar that is so universally used, but all this is done to remove only about 
3% of impurities, as the raw sugar is about 96% pure when it goes into the refinery. 

Sugar is produced from beets by much the same process. 


dks 


THE CUBA REVIEW 31 


The difference between the price paid for raw sugar and the price at which the 
refined sugar is sold is called the “spread” and amounts to a very small fraction of the 
final cost of the sugar, yet the volume handled is so large that this small “‘spread,”’ besides 
paying the cost of refining, means a large aggregate profit. 

Since sugar began to come into common use, the increase in the world’s supply has 
been rapid and the growth and expansion of sugar refining has been one of the most 
striking developments of modern industry. In 1840 the total sugar production was but 
1,150,000 tons; by 1870 the amount had increased to 2,416,000 tons; and the estimated 
1919-20 crop is 12,261,000 tons. 

According to one authority, ‘It would not be surprising if a production figure of 
much over 20,000,000 tons will be necessary within a few years to inaugurate a free supply 
of sugar for all localities, such as prevailed in pre-war times.” 

The United States consumes 30% or more of the sugar of the world and, domestic 
production being only one-fourth of consumption, three-fourths of our supply of raw 
sugar is imported, largely from Cuba. Cuba has been for the last five years the leading 
sugar producer of the world, having reached an output of 4,000,000 tons a year, which 
is about one-third of the world’s production. 

In the United States the consumption of sugar has been rising for many years— 
at the end of the eighteenth century it was only 714 pounds per capita; by 1830 it had 
risen to 814 pounds; during the ’80’s it was 48 pounds; in 1915 it had reached 86 pounds, 
and in the year 1919, in spite of the difficulty of obtaining sugar, the per capita consump- 
tion was the highest in the history of the country, being at the rate of approximately 90 
pounds per capita. 

Our consumption, both in volume and per capita, is larger than that of any other 
nation, the pre-war average per person being 81 pounds, that of the United Kingdom 
74, Scandinavia 60, Germany 45, France 38 and Italy 12. 

The total sugar consumption of the United States, amounting to 4,000,000 tons, 
exceeds that of any other country, and yet this consumption is constantly increasing. 

Prohibition should add materially to the demand for sweets in this country, and it 
is reasonable to believe that the $2,000,000,000 which was annually spent on alcoholic 
beverages will in part now be spent for candy, and other sweet products, which to some 
extent take the place of alcohol. 

A large part of our sugar is used in various manufacturing industries, the greatest 
amounts going into candy, soft drinks, condensed milk and ice cream. It is used in 
limited quantities in many unexpected ways, such as in tobacco and soap. 

Because of the destruction of sugar beet fields in France and Belgium and the aban- 
donment of their cultivation in Germany, the world’s supply of sugar has been decreased, 
while the demand has increased. Until these fields can come into full production again, 
which must be a question of some years, the United States and Canada will be important 
factors in the European sugar market. Coupled to this decrease in supply is the constant 
increase in local demand both from natural causes and the growing demand for sweets 
caused by prohibition, so that it would seem that for a number of years to come the 
demand for American sugar will greatly exceed the supply. 


The West India Sugar Finance 
Corpcration 

At a regular meeting of the Board of Di- 
rectors of The West India Sugar Finance 
Corporation a dividend of 2% on the out- 
standing Preferred Capital Stock of the 
Company was declared payable December 
Ist, 1921, to stockholders of record at the 
close of business November 21st, 1921. 
Checks will be mailed; books will not be 
closed. i 


The Cuban-American Sugar Company 
PREFERRED DIVIDEND 


The Board of Directors has declared the 
regular quarterly dividend of one and three- 
quarters per cent. (134%) upon the out- 
standing Preferred Stock of the Company, 
to be paid January 3rd, 1922, to stock- 
holders of record at the close of business 
on December 15th, 1921. 

The Transfer Books will not be closed. 

Checks will be mailed. 


32 THE CUBA REVIEW 


British Sugar Trade 


While in 1913 Europe supplied approximately 75% of the total sugar imported into 
Great Britain during the first eight months of the year, the proportion of this trade in 
1920 had diminished to less than 1%, and in the first eight months of 1921 it was about 
25% of the total imports. 

For the first eight months of 1913 Germany’s share of this trade amounted to about 
40%, Austria-Hungary’s about 25%, Cuba’s approximately 15%, and the Netherlands 
almost 10%. By 1920 the combined imports from Germany, Austria, Hungary and 
the Netherlands, as before stated, were less than 1%, but the imports from Cuba had 
risen to approximately 50%, while imports from the British West Indies, British Guiana 
and British Honduras combined furnished 10%, and Mauritius and the United States 
represented approximately 10% each. 

Beginning with 1921 the trade started to shift Europeward; for the first eight months 
of this vear the imports from the Netherlands approximated 8%, while imports from the 
other countries of Europe amounted to about 17%. Cuba’s share in this period fell to 
about 15%, while imports from Peru, Brazil, Mauritius and the British West Indies, 
British Guiana and British Honduras totaled 40%. 

The British imports of sugar during the first eight months of 1913, 1920 and 1921 
were as follows: 


British imports of sugar during first eight months of 1913, 1920, and 1921. 


Kkinds of Sugar and Countries of Origin. 1913 1920 1921 
Refined sugar and sugar candy: 

European— Cwt.4 Cwt.4 Cwt.4 
Austria. oo. 655 dicels Ae een i 2,043 2,762 
Austria-Hungary... eee eee 2,486,459 2a. seco) ee 
Belgium. « ..:.\:.s ost: sade eee erence 464,965 39,634 322,642 
France... 62) eee eee 434,280 5,850 53,043 
Germany... 060... son ane eee 6,408,587 2,524 17 
Netherlands, :;./:... 2. yee eee 2,251,031 21,236 1,398, 186 
Russia. 6: 3078 See eee eee 54,981 5 ‘|. eee 
All other Huropeantes. 2 ae eee eee 376 1,978 1,560,299 

Total Huropean. .5. tee coe ee eee 12,100,679 73,270 3,336,949 

PEER eye sre Pe is Be ul A aco 100,207 7,098 

RUMTLeGuovabes:. ....... ce. so eee eee Sere 354 2,012,329 2,619,358 

BMPMOUNETS MR. 3) 5 12.0) 2 2hs nos eee ee 5,787 160,242 710,632 

Total refined: 
THDOTUG Hee var wheres 2 nt eee a 12,106,820 2,346,048 6,674,037 
Entered for home consumption............ 11,889,303 2,636,131 6,217,009 

Unrefined: 
European— 

UStrIA=EMUIN Gary seer an eae oe eck DD O2AULD) ¥ uate 
Lofe| Fa Gb ca Pe Bh oka es Airy Aa Oe meen pe terrae ne 31,904 
HANI CO it RSet) ssinbsicocnc Papin cose ah biteorene 358 (ws (akesti‘(‘ 
CRCIIMIAIN Ry ey ee ee ee oc. Se 5,328,356 116,617. ~ “Sees 
ENG UHEMUUNG Sette ek Se a ts eee ee ae LisOSD) St eee 11,898 
PUP OUREEPBMFOpeaNn... Le ee ees 342,248 4,645 119,676 

otalebunopesaneets ca fo een ore oe ee 8,312,066 121,264 131,574 
Brahh oe Cone a BN eee ee 99,065 120,025 $53,855 
| eSaT ATE] (10: Ve Beg pan i OE ee 76,995 288,908 29,319 
British West Indies, British Guiana, and 

; STMUISM HE ONGUTASE tien ees ee ee ee 784,994 2,380, 106 1,659,728 

Cuba...... pc. Pee tery iG oe eee 4,404,123 10,319,151 2,687,442 
Dutch nN is? SAA ee ee ek 57,892 1,161 20,038 
Haiti and Santo Domingo................ 187,993 Paani cnce 800 
UES CATS Ada Sh cotta yr ate Wied ait My Saas Pen 1,979 491,475 465,088 
MaOnitUS: oR ARAM tee ee on 358,513 1,957,279 3,737,057 


THE CUBA REVIEW 33 
INTER COR ene exceeite Shela ver et ee Fae sae eu seat SOO DH esc rt esos eres» bi Aveta astra 
WSU eeaisyan es. ae isna Sacer end sateen Sg 380,179 598,993 1,161,513 
ANU oye averisi ees ESE bieiee si cliaeRe Ps Centr Aes eee 167,633 509,264 684,081 
Total unrefined: 
IGaay avon ceo behead ecm ee Rei kel 06 cee 14,913,597 16,787,626 11,430,495 
Entered for home consumption............ 1,631,841 2,895,656 1,720,730 
Grand total: 
Hin wonbe dawns wise arte raptor oc ge waerr a. e 27,020,417 19,133,674 18,104,532 
Entered for home consumption............. 23,254,712 16,176,623 18,519,167 


41 hundredweight—112 pounds. 


Cuban Production by Months as it Appears at Shipping Ports 
Including Consumption 


1920-21 1919-20 1918-19 1917-18 
Months. Tons Tons Tons Tons 
WDE Cenm bei re pict eee Sievs pone Cauca aienescaeenoe ra ate 18,220 148,736 68,738 65,149 
JEU GLARE Oe Gere Re Ie nee ee eae 241,118 529,858 391,883 456,206 
Total to end of January................ 259,338 678,594. 460,621 521,355 ~ 
JP G]STEUAIENS & jbcaiceclor ees, GRA CERO asin Ohne Bicee a eae 597,744 569,248 645,715 560,092 
Total to end of February............... 857,082 1,247,842 1,106,336 1,081,447 
IV fears le papenees ernerea oie wabsbe civic) avares chats evan ae 716,152 743,074 631,175 632,231 
sovalitovendsof Marchi... 4222 --2-5-- 1,573,234. 1,990,916 1,737,511 1,713,678 
AASOTMEL 6:6. 6 6 oS SE IEEE no tee ea 632,480 611,739 701,194 506,366 
Total to end of April................... 2,205,714 2,602,655 2,438,705 2,220,044 
IMME. 6 0.3 ogo CREE ae Re eee ea 483,033 417,763 601,050 490,421 
‘Roall HO Emel Ot MER .cose5besodccag00e 2,688,747 3,020,418 3,039,755 2,710,465 
UOTE » de: 6 SBS Cece CRE eee eee ee eee 102,612 223,092 291,315 223,182 
Total wo Gael OF dilte,.ocnccccccdcoooces 2,991,359 3,243,510 3,331,070 2,933,647 
ANU yO eee eee ieee Sees tee ehiacby es dha lores 97,424 185,046 210,218 156,128 
Mocalmcorendobulyease eee sere see: 3,088,783 3,428,556 3,541,288 3,089,775 
ANTTIERIRI «0 UGE OAR neue et Oe eae er PRR 131,100 91,538 120,227 ° 127,136 
Total to end of August................. 3,219,883 3,520,089 3,661,515 3,216,911 
UCM CTR Meter Geka isin era estes ay else 99,089 71,558 138,490 73,961 
Total to end of September.............. 3,318,972 3,591,647 3,800,005 3,290,872 
OCCO DST Cane rector cies NRG aN tee aS 32,998 104,683 49,108 
Total to end of October..............+. sees 3,624,645 3,904,688 3,339,980 
Nowra nei, bang eco Se ere eR eg area ae nec terrier 13033 lla Meese 55,744 
Total to end of November.............. ..-+-- RODIOI8 os0c0c 3,395, 124 
IDS GSTEMI DERRY ois lett cites tN ame ial oP eu en PN pata Amen 23,863* KOR) socnce 
"Thoneiaill “fermay oy eet a enema Serre carne ERT C entree 3,730,077 3,971,776 3,446,083 


*Plus old crop receipts in January, 1921—68,238 tons. 


Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal. 


34 THE CUBA REVIEW 


x ° ef 
Sugar Review 
Specially written for THE CUBA REVIEW by Willett & Gray. 


About the time of our last review of the sugar market, which was dated September 26, 
1921, the Cuban Committee reduced their views on Cuban sugar to the basis of 2°. 
eost and freight. This announcement of a price adjustment had the effect of changing 
the sugar situation from a dull and uninteresting market to an active one. Most of 
our refiners started to buy sugar at the new price and sales were made totaling probably 
100,000 tons. Later in the month, however, the market quieted down and became 
unsettled due to conditions in the refined sugar situation, in view of which conditions 
the Cuban Committee found it necessary to again reduce their views, which they did on 
October 14th to a basis of 21%e. cost and freight for Cubas, equal to 4.11e. duty paid 
at New York, and at which level moderate sales have since been made both here and 
for shipment abroad. Owing to the possibility of a railroad strike in the United States, 
the market became more active and the Committee was able to dispose of what unsold 
Cuban sugars they had in the port of New York. A considerable amount of Philippine 
sugar has been disposed of recently on the basis of 4c. c.1.f. New York for November 
arrival, and when the balance of these sugars is disposed of, some 15,000 tons, there will 
be no further sugars available in quantity except Cubas, until the new crops come to 
hand, Porto Ricos, ete., having all been disposed of. ; 

In connection with new crops, Porto Rico is reported to have disposed of some sugars 
and we also hear that new crop San Domingo sugars have been sold to Canadian re- 
finers. There also seems to be a desire in instances on the part of Cuban planters to 
sell their entire new crop, and in this respect some centrals have already completed 
negotiations with our refiners for their entire outputs. All the new crop transactions are 
based on certain average quotations, depending on price prevailing at the time of the 
arrival of the sugars. 

The Cuban Commercial Mission have published the memorandum submitted to 
the United States Secretary of State, which lack of space prevents us from publishing 
in full. We extract the following from the memorandum: 

“This Reciprocity Treaty was concluded on December 11, 1902, since which time 
the Cuban tariff has not undergone a single change. American products enter Cuba 
today under the same terms as when the treaty was signed, while Cuban sugars are 
called upon now to pay $1.60 duty per 100 pounds as against $1.00 per 100 pounds in 
force last May. This additional duty will eventually be passed on to the consumer 
and will not be paid, in this case, by the Cuban producer, once the present sugar stocks 
are reduced; but the fact remains that the United States continental sugars and those 
from her insular possessions will have the advantage over Cuba of $1.60 against $1.00 
per 100 pounds under the former tariff bill. 

“It is on this ground, particularly, that the Cuban producer and our country feel 
that we are not receiving fair and equitable treatment. The situation resulting there- 
from can be examined from two standpoints—economically and politically. 

‘Cuba has lived up to all the terms of her Reciprocity Treaty with the United States, 
her tariff has not been changed once during that period, and the immense advantages 
derived by the American people from the said treaty, may be summed up as follows: 

“A. As a seller, Cuba supplies the United States with more than 50% of the latter’s 
consumption of sugar, at the lowest price obtainable in the world today, and Cuba can 
afford to do so because she can produce more cheaply than any other country. 

“B. As a buyer, Cuba imported from the United States in 1920 (calendar year) 
$515,082,540.00 (over one-half billion dollars), which is more than all the Spanish-speak- 
ing countries of South America combined bought from the United States during the 
same period, and very close to the quantity imported by France, a country with fifty 
millions of inhabitants as against Cuba’s two and three-fourths millions. Cuba’s place 
as an importer of American products was last year the fourth, and she, furthermore. 


DEE: CWB At ree Vo Bi, We 35 


buys more from the United States than all your insular possessions, Porto Rico, Hawaii, 
and the Philippines. 

“C. The above imports were made from the United States at our old tariff rates, 
without any increase, thus giving your country a commanding advantage in the Cuban 
market, in fact, we may say, an actual control, which excludes the possibility of any 
competition from European countries, such as Germany and other sellers of cheaper 
goods, from which Cuba could buy, and in fact used to buy before the Reciprocity Treaty 
went into effect, all sorts of machinery, shoes, railroad materials, automobiles, and 
many other manufactured articles and commodities. 

“D. The percentage of exports as to imports from the United States to Cuba runs 
between 50-80%, or say an average of about 64% during the last thirteen years, which 
shows an apparent balance of 36% in favor of Cuba. But this is only apparent, as you 
will be able to judge from the following reasons: 

“Ist. Because about 60% of the Cuban sugar plantations belong to American in- 
dividuals or corporations, and naturally their profits come back to this country in the 
way of dividends on stocks and interest on bonds; besides that which is paid for taxes 
on their capital and profits to the United States Treasury. 

“2d. Because the other 40% of the plantations are largely mortgaged or owe big 
sums of money to American banks, export houses and manufacturers, who annually 
collect interest and commissions on these loans. 

“3d. Because, since the collapse of our Cuban banks, practically all the banking 
is done in Cuba by American institutions, or through Canadian ones having financial 
connections and backing in the United States. 

“Ath. Because most of our railroads are either American corporations or English 
ones backed by American capital, and their profits largely come to the United States 
in the way of dividends or interest on bonds. 

“Sth. Because as much as 75% of the tonnage employed in Cuba’s enormous trade 
is American, which means that the large sums of money paid for inward and outward 
freights also come to American companies; and this is an item greatly to be appreciated 
at a time when it is the policy of the United States to develop her merchant marine and 
to compete with the idle and therefore cheaply obtainable vessels lying all around the 
world. 

“6th. Because there are also large American interests in fire and life insurance and 
some in insurance against accidents, which make profits that come to this country through 
the same channel of annual dividends. 

“7th. And, finally, because the Cuban Government’s total foreign debt, amount- 
ing to $58,000,000, is due to American bankers and investors who receive every year 
important sums of money from Cuba in payment of their interest.”’ 

One factory continues to grind in Cuba, namely, the Central Santa Lucia, which 
is expected to produce about 43,000 tons of sugar. With the production of the 197 
centrals which have finished the crop to date of 3,880,745 tons, indications poimt to 
a final outturn in the neighborhood of 3,925,000 tons. Exports of the crop to September 
30th, total only 2,036,417 tons against 3,209,884 tons to the same date last year, with the 
stock in the entire island at that date of 1,187,555 tons against 311,063 tons last year. 
The rainy weather continues, but good rains at this season are of the greatest benefit to 
the growing cane. As regards the old 1919-20 crop, while these sugars have all been 
sold, the shipments have not been entirely completed, and at this date 12,276 tons still 
remain in the island. 

As regards the refined sugar situation in this market, same continued unsettled 
throughout most of the period under review, with various concessions being made fol- 
lowed by open cuts. At this writing, all refineries in the United States quote on the 
basis of 5.30c. f.0.b. with the exception of Federal, who quote 5.20c. However, owing 
to the possibility of a railroad strike, as mentioned above, the situation has improved 
somewhat and at this writing, owing to the brisk demand, all of our refineries are a 
week or more behind in their deliveries. This is, of course, purely attributable to their 


issn meme 
36 THE CUBA REVIEW 


i 


reduced meltings and small stocks on hand, and with the large supplies available in 
Cuba, this is a strange position for our refiners to find themselves in. 

A bill has been introduced and passed by the U.S. House of Representatives con- 
tinuing the life of the Emergency Tariff Law, which as constituted will expire on Novem- 
ber 27th, to February 1, 1922. This bill now goes to the Senate for consideration. 


New York, N. Y., October 25, 1921. 


Revista Azucarera 
Escrita especialmente para la CUBA REVIEW por Willett & Gray, de Nueva York. 


Cuando publicamos nuestra ultima revista del mercado de azticar, con fecha 26 de 
septiembre del afio en curso, el Comité Cubano redujo los precios del azticar de Cuba a 
la base de 2°<e. costo y flete. Este aviso de un arreglo en el precio dié por resultado el 
cambio de la situacién del azticar de un mercado flojo y sin interés a un mercado activo. 
La mayor parte de nuestros refinadores empezaron a comprar azticar al nuevo precio y 
se efectuaron ventas que ascendieron probablemente a 100,000 toneladas. Sin embargo, 
mis tarde durante el mes el mercado se calmé y se convirtié en poco estable debido al 
estado en que se hallaba la cuestién del azticar refinado, en vista de lo cual el Comité 
Cubano vid ser necesario el volver a rebajar los precios, lo cual hizo el 14 de octubre a la 
base de 2c. costo y flete por los azticares de Cuba, equivalente a 4.11c. derechos pa- 
gados en Nueva York, y a cuyo nivel se han hecho desde entonces ventas moderadas 
tanto aquf como para embarque al extranjero. Debido a la posibilidad de una huelga de 
los ferrocarriles en los Estados Unidos, el mercado se puso mas activo y el Comité pudo 
disponer de los azticares de Cuba que tenia sin vender en el puerto de Nueva York. | Re- 
cientemente se ha dado salida a una cantidad considerable de azicar de las Filipinas bajo 
la base de 4c. costo, seguro y flete Nueva York para llegar en noviembre, y cuando se 
haya dado salida al resto de estos azticares, unas 15,000 toneladas, no habr4 mas azticares 
disponibles excepto los de Cuba hasta que Ileguen los de la nueva zafra, habiéndose ya 
dado salida a todos los azticares de Puerto Rico y de otras procedencias. 

Y respecto a las nuevas zafras, se sabe que Puerto Rico ha dado salida a algunos 
azlicares, y también hemos oido que se han vendido aztcares de la nueva zafra de Santo 
Domingo a refinadores canadenses. También parece que en algunos casos los planta- 
dores de Cuba quieren vender toda su nueva zafra, y a este respecto algunos centrales ya 
han hecho negociaciones con nuestros refinadores para venderles toda su produccién. To- 
das las transacciones sobre la nueva zafra estan basadas en ciertas cotizaciones a un pro- 
medio, dependiendo en el precio que rija el dia de la legada de los azticares. 

La Comisién Comercial Cubana ha publicado el memorandum sometido al Secre- 
tario de Estado de los E. U., el cual por falta de espacio nos impide lo publiquemos por 
completo. Extractamos lo siguiente de dicho memorandum: 

“Este Tratado de Reciprocidad terminé el 11 de diciembre de 1902, desde cuyo periodo 
en el arancel de Cuba no ha habido un solo cambio. —_ Los productos de los Estados Unidos 
entran hoy en Cuba bajo las mismas condiciones que cuando se firmé el Tratado, mien- 
tras que a los azticares de Cuba se les exige ahora que paguen $1.60 de derechos las 100 
libras comparado con $1.00 las 100 libras en vigor en mayo pasado. Este derecho adi- 
cional eventualmente recaerd sobre el consumidor y en este caso no sera pagado por el 
productor cubano una vez que se reduzcan las existencias de azticar que hay en la actuali- 
dad; pero es evidente que los azticares de los Estados Unidos y los de sus posesiones ten- 
drén la ventaja sobre Cuba de $1.60 contra $1.00 las 100 libras bajo la tarifa anterior. 

‘Es bajo este punto de vista, particularmente, que el productor cubano y nuestro 
pais comprenden no se nos trata de una manera justa y equitativa. La situacién que 
resulta de eso puede mirarse bajo dos puntos de vista—econdémicamente y politicamente. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 37 


“Cuba ha cumplido todas las condiciones de su Tratado de Reciprocidad con los 
Estados Unidos; su arancel no se ha cambiado ni una sola vez durante ese perfodo, y 
las inmensas ventajas derivadas de dicho Tratado por el pueblo americano pueden re- 
capitularse como sigue: 

““A. Como vendedor, Cuba surte a los Estados Unidos con mas de 50% del consumo 
de aztcar de dicho pais, al mds bajo precio obtenible hoy dia en el mundo, y Cuba puede 
hacerlo asi porque produce mds barato que ningun otro pais. 

““B. Como comprador, Cuba importé de los Estados Unidos en 1920 (durante el 
ano) por valor de $515,082,540.00 (mas de 515 millones de ddélares), que es mds de lo que 
compraron de los Estados Unidos todos los paises hispanoamericanos de Sur América 
durante el mismo periodo, y muy cerca de la cantidad importada por Francia, un pais 
con cincuenta millones de habitantes, comparado con Cuba con dos millones tres cuartos. 
El lugar de Cuba como importador de productos de los Estados Unidos fué el cuarto el 
ahio pasado, y Cuba, lo que es atin mds, compra mas de los Estados Unidos que todas 
las posesiones de dicho pais, Puerto Rico, Hawaii y las Filipinas. 

“C. Las importaciones antedichas fueron hechas de los Estados Unidos segtin 
nuestra antigua tarifa, sin aumento alguno en los derechos, proporcionando asi a los 
Estados Unidos una gran ventaja en los mercados de Cuba, en efecto, puede decirse un 
verdadero predominio, lo cual excluye la posibilidad de competencia alguna por los paises 
europeos, tal como Alemania y otros vendedores de géneros mds baratos de quienes podria 
comprar Cuba, y que en realidad Cuba acostumbraba a comprar antes de que tuviera 
efecto el Tratado de Reciprocidad, como toda clase de maquinaria, calzado, materiales 
de ferrocarriles, automdéviles y muchos otros articulos manufacturados y mercaderias. 

“T). El promedio de las exportaciones contra las importaciones de los Estados 
Unidos a Cuba es entre 50-80%, es decir un promedio de un 64% durante los tltimos 
trece afios, que muestra un balance aparente de 36% en favor de Cuba. Pero esto es 
solamente aparente, como podra juzgarse por los motivos siguientes: 

“Primero. Porque un 60% de los ingenios de azticar en Cuba pertenecen a indivi- 
duos o corporaciones de los Estados Unidos, y naturalmente sus ganancias vuelven a 
este pais en forma de dividendos sobre acciones e interés en bonos; ademas de lo que es 
pagado a la Tesorerfa de los Estados Unidos, por contribuciones sobre su capital y 
ganancias. 

“Segundo. Porque el otro 40% de los ingenios esta grandemente hipotecado o debe 
grandes cantidades de dinero a bancos americanos, casas exportadoras y fabricantes, 
que colectan anualmente el interés y comisiones sobre estos préstamos. 

“‘Tercero. Porque, desde el fracaso de nuestros bancos en Cuba, verdaderamente 
todas las transacciones bancarias se llevan a cabo en Cuba por instituciones americanas, 
© por medio de casas del Canada que tienen conexiones financieras en los Estados Unidos 
y estan apoyadas por este ultimo pais. 

“‘Cuarto. Porque la mayorfa de nuestros ferrocarriles son 0 bien corporaciones 
americanas o bien inglesas apoyadas por capital americano, y sus ganancias en su mayor 
parte vienen a los Estados Unidos en forma de dividendos o interés sobre bonos. 

“Quinto. Porque hasta el 75% del tonelaje empleado en el comercio enorme en Cuba 
es americano, lo cual significa que las grandes sumas de dinero pagadas por fletes de 
entrada y salida también vuelven a compafifas americanas; y este es un punto que ha de 
tenerse muy en cuenta en ocasién en que la polftica de los Estados Unidos es desarrollar 
su marina mercante y competir con los buques sin empleo y que por consiguiente pueden 
obtenerse baratos situados en todas partes del mundo. 

“Sexto. Porque hay también grandes capitales americanos invertidos en companias 
de seguros contra incendios y sobre la vida, y algunas en seguros contra accidentes, que 
obtienen ganancias que vienen a este pais por los mismos conductos de dividendos anuales. 

“Séptimo. Y finalmente, porque el total de la deuda exterior del Gobierno de Cuba, 
que asciende a $58,000,000, se debe a banqueros americanos y a capitales invertidos de 
la misma nacionalidad, los cuales reciben de Cuba todos los afios sumas importantes de 
dinero en pago de su interés.”’ 


38 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Una fabrica contintia la molienda en Cuba, el Central Santa Lucfa, y la cual se espera 
produzea unas 43,000 toneladas de azticar. Con la produccién de los 197 Centrales que 
hasta la fecha han terminado su zafra de 3,880,745 toneladas, los indicios son de un rendi- 
miento final de 3,925,000 toneladas de azticar. Las exportaciones de la zafra hasta el 
30 de septiembre dan solamente un total de 2,036,417 toneladas contra 3,209,884 to- 
neladas en la misma fecha el ao pasado, con las existencias en toda la isla en esa fecha 
de 1,187,555 toneladas contra 311,063 toneladas el ano pasado. Continta el tiempo 
lluvioso, pero la abundancia de lluvia en esta época del ano es del mayor beneficio para 
la cafia que estd creciendo. Respecto a la antigua cosecha de 1919-20, aunque estos 
azticares se han vendido todos, los embarques no se han terminado enteramente y a estas 
fechas quedan atin en Cuba 12,276 toneladas. 

Respecto a la situacion del azicar refinado en este mercado, ésta continia poco 
estable durante la mayor parte del perfodo bajo resefia, llevindose a cabo varias con- 
cesiones seguidas de rebajas. Al escribir esta resena todas las refinerfas en las Estados 
Unidos cotizan bajo la base de 5.30c. libre a bordo, excepto la refineria Federal, que 
cotiza 5.20e. Sin embargo, debido a la posibilidad de una huelga en los ferrocarriles, 
como digimos anteriormente, la situacién ha mejorado algo, y al escribir esta resefa 
todas nuestras refinerias estan atrasadas en sus entregas una semana o por més tiempo 
debido a la activa demanda. Esto, por supuesto, puede atribuirse en parte a haber 
reducido sus elaboraciones y a las pequenas existencias a mano, y con las grandes exis- 
tencias disponibles en Cuba, ésta es una posicién extrama en que se hallan nuestros 
refinadores. 

Se ha presentado al Congreso un proyecto de ley, el cual ha sido aprobado por la 
Camara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos, para continuar en vigor la Ley de la 
Tarifa de Emergencia, la cual segtin constituida finalizar4 del 27 de noviembre al primero 
de febrero de 1922. Este proyecto de ley va ahora al Senado para ser considerado. 


Nueva York, Octubre 25 de 1921. 


French Aid to Sugar Industry 


The French Government, in an effort to 
aid the sugar industry of France, has 
granted a loan of 200,000,000 franes to the 
producers through the ‘‘Comptoir National 
d’Escompte de Paris,’ according to in- 
formation received by the foreign news 
service of the Bankers Trust Company. 
The production for the current year was 
estimated at 280,000 tons compared with 
155,000 tons in 1920, but in 1913 the out- 
put was 877,000 tons. Had it not been 
for the severe drought this year the crop 
probably would have been in the neighbor- 
hood of 350,000 tons, as the area planted to 
beets was 20 per cent. larger than last year. 

France’s normal consumption of sugar 
amounts to 700,000 tons a year, and aside 
from the home production she gets about 
100,000 tons from her colonies. This is 
imported free of duty and only pays the 
excise tax of 500 francs a ton levied on all 
sugar consumed in France. The duty on 
foreign sugar has just been raised from 
200 to 500 franes a ton, so that the con- 
sumer now has to pay in taxes alone 1,000 


frances a ton, whereas the pre-war price of 
sugar was only 350 franes a ton. 


Bill to Reduce Railway Rates 


A bill aiming to relieve the Cuban sugar 
producers of the high existing railway 
freight rates has been unanimously passed 
by the House of Representatives. The 
bill is as follows: 


Article 1. The base tariff covering all 
classes of merchandise contained in order 
No. 117 of 1902, with the increase agreed 
upon by the Railroad Commission on the 
17th of November, 1917, shall be reestab- 
lished, leaving later increases without ef- 
fect. 

Article 2. The increase granted by the 
Railroad Commission on the 17th of No- 
vember, 1917, shall automatically be re- 
duced one-half one year from the date upon 
which this act goes into force, and the other 
half one year later. 

Article 3. This act shall become effective 
immediately upon its publication in the 
Official Gazette of the Republic. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 39 


Crust Company of Cuba 
HAVANA 

CAPITAL - - - - $500,000 

SURPLUS - - - - $900,000 


TRANSACTS A 
GENERAL TRUST AND 
BANKING BUSINESS 


Examines Titles, Collects Rents 
Negotiates Loans on Mortgages 


OFFICERS 


Oswald A. Hornsby 
Claudio G. 

James M. Hopgood 
Rogelio Carbajal 
Alberto Marquez 
Silvio Salicrup 
Luis Perez Bravo 
Oscar Carbajal 
William M. Whitner 


President 
Vice-President 
Vice-President 
Vice-President 

: Treasurer 
Assistant Treasurer 
Assistant Treasurer 

Secretary 

Manager Real Estate 
and Insurance Depts. 


Established 1876 


N. GELATS & COMPANY 


Bankers 


Transact a General Banking Business. 
Correspondents at all the prin- 
cipal places of the world. 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


Office: Aguiar 108 
HAVANA 


FREDERICK SNARE CORPORATION 


Formerly The Snare and Triest Company 


Contracting Engineers 


STEEL AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION 
Piers, Bridges, Railroads and Buildings 


We are prepared to furnish Plans and Estimates 
on all classes of contracting work in Cuba. 


New York Office, 8 West 40th Street 
Havana Office: Zulueta 36 D 


[tase Taxa 


i = 


DEALERS IN ALL PRODUCTS 
FOR SUGAR MILLS 


PRIME COMMERCIAL MURIATIC 
ACID, 20° 


Sulphuric, Phosphoric, Nitric, Hydrofluoric 
and all other acids 


CAUSTIC SODA, 76% SOLID 


Soda Ash, Sal Soda, Bicarbonate of Soda and 
salts of all characters 


FORMALDEHYDE, 40% VOL. U.S. P. 
OIL AND GREASES 


Castor Oil and all grades of lubricating oils 
and greases 


SUGAR BLEACH AND FILTERING 
MATERIALS 


PAINTS—PRESERVATIVES 
DISINFECTANTS—INSECTICIDES 
We are publishing a monthly review devoted 
to Cuban market conditions which will be 


sent gratis upon request. May we place you 
on our mailing list ? 


THOMAS F. TURULL & CO. 
140 Liberty St., New York 


HAVANA SANTIAGO 
2 and 4 Muralla 47 Lacre Baja 


The Royal Bank» Canada 


Founded in 1869 
$20,354,000.00 


Paid Up Capital 
Reserve Funds = 20,244,000.00 
Total Assets = = = 511,000,000.00 


Seven Hundred and Twenty-seven Branches 
Fifty-four in Cuba 


HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL 
LONDON: 2 Bank Building, Princess Street 
NEW YORK: 68 William Street 
BARCELONA: Plaza de Catalufnia 6 
PARIS: 28 Rue de Quatre Septembre 

Correspondents in all the Important 
Cities of the World 


We issue letters of credit to travelers in Dollars, 
Pounds Sterling, and Pesetas. Negotiable with- 
out charge. Savings accounts opened for Deposits 
of One Dollar and up. 


Our direct private wire to New York enables 
us to handle business most expeditiously 


PRINCIPAL BRANCH IN CUBA 


Aguiar 75, Corner of Obrapia, Havana 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


40 THE CUBA REVIEW 


Cable “Turnure”’ FOUNDED IN 1832 NEW YORK-—64 Wall Street 


LAWRENCE TURNURE & CO. 


Deposits and Accounts Current. Deposits of Securities, we taking charge of Collection 
and Remittance of Dividends and Interest. Purchase and Sale of Public and Industrial 
Securities. Purchase and Sale of Letters of Exchange. Collection of Drafts, Coupons, 
etc., for account of others. Drafts, Payments by Cable and Letters of Credit on Havana 
and other cities of Cuba; also on England, France, Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Santo 
Domingo, and Central and South America. ‘ 


CORRESPONDENTS: 

HAVANA: N. Gelats & Co. PARIS: Heine & Co. 
PUERTO RICO: Banco Commercial de Puerto Rico 
LONDON: The London Joint City & Midland Bank. Ltd. 
SPAIN: Banco Urquijo, Madrid, and its correspondents 


Map of Cuba 


Showing the location of all the active sugar plantations in Cuba 


and giving other data concerning the sugar industry of Cuba. 


Size, 29034 x 24. Copyrighted 1918. 
Price 50 cents postpaid. 


THE CUBA REVIEW 


67 Wall Street, New York 


HOME INDUSTRY IRON WORKS 


ENGINES, BOILERS AND MACHINERY 


Manufacturing and Repairing of all kinds. Architectural Iron and Brass Castings. 
Light and Heavy Forgings. All kinds of Machinery Supplies. 


A. KLING, Prop. STEAMSHIP WORK 
JAS. S. BOGUE, Supt. MOBILE, ALA. A SPECIALTY 


Telephone, 33 Hamilton. Night Call, 411 Hamilton. Cable Address: ‘‘Abiworks’’ New York. 


ATLANTIC BASIN IRON WORKS 


Engineers, Boiler Makers and Manufacturers. Steamship Repairs in All Branches. 


Heavy Forgings, Iron and Brass Castings, Copper Specialties, Diesel Motor Repairs, Cold Storage 
Installation, Oil Fuel Installation, Carpenter and Joiner Work. 


18-20 Summit Street—11-27 Imlay Street Near Hamilton Ferry BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
Agents for “Kinghorn” Multiplex Valve 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


DOE COED AGS bel Vel EW: 41 


United Railways of Havana 


CONDENSED TIME TABLE OF DAILY THROUGH TRAINS 


= = 
No. 11} No. 1| No. 7 | No. 5| No. 3 No. 9 2 HAVANA No. 2 | No. 8 | No. 6 |No. 10) No. 4 |No. 12 
PM/;}PM/|PM;}PM|AM/AMI/ 5 AM!|}AM|]PM/]PM|PM/;/AM 
10.31 a 4.01 | 1.01 |10.01 | 7.01 ||...||Lv Central Station Ar|] 6.50 | 9.40 | 3.31 | 6.30 | 7.25 | 6.30 
Bat: 12.17 | 6.40 | 3.23 11.54 | 9.25 || 58|/Ar...Matanzas...Lv|} 4.15 | 6.52 | 1.10 | 3.50 | 5.06 
4.05 | 8.40 | 5.50 | 2.00 |12.37 |}109}|...... Cardenas...... 122055592002 10200) |Ple208 | eaee pee cee 
PM PM PM|A PM 
Be er: G00 Wee socal Ose I Oe a oe eallWiiNcocecocshitecoomsac NING o ee eal WcealiGoee en treme 
P 
* QA BI ers etc 80) lleooons 23 0leeere Caibarien..... 7.25 : 5 wae 
GROOM ee scte | 9 OOM ctncvcssfitecstons 180||....Santa Clara....|/11.00 |......] 7.40 ae eS 
M 
(cit) | epeckaal (eerie iehO} Wexteeres OS | erate Cienfuegos... .. 11.15 |10.15 
AM PM AM}|PM 
Pe eters aD al eeeriaes| eaters lets rn cl leeie cere OSL eas oanetie opinitustss¢| x 4e4 om ees etme | genre 2] eee eye lereaiaver ye 
PM 
Ate soneernss| Cae OO) |e satel 276||...Ciego de Avila. ..|| 3.45 |...... D2 A4OH eee zs eres loecee ee 
PM AM 
Seas! SelOneeeeee | ROnLON| pee sel oar olis40lleeees Camaguey. .- 4||t2o05 .| 9.00 seieiovers 
AM AM PM 
bo bcm) ORTEROE REE DAA (Nol Seve lance eeretel | PAN) lene s/s ihel tier aaeeal | ieee bea! beer a NIA 11)8l peeeneeal lareoercal leaner ar 
ire Bo os s6 Sel) Ga eote chlo ess coll BBE icc esa se ces coll EOIN eeee cal) CEUU 
AM PM AM AM 
Sleeping cars on trains 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. 
* Via Carrefo. 
SLEEPING CAR RATES—UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
Lower Upper Compart- Drawing- 
From HAVANA TO Berth Berth ment Room 
Wieniweroset ese wascec eis cic Nee cree 
Saree cP tae teecnei a icicle role eee eneretevee $5.00 $4.00 $12.00 $15.00 
Cai barien enc ve ck sca piston sere etheteiete ere 
OES an eae 
TE PONGEVA VIA cope syeie ss vqforeveusscasreveae 5.50 4.50 z 
GR en he ete 6.00 500 } WoL et 
SINCE ta ease ge ‘ 
ETON CCULOR sae eho oe eee 7.00 .00 
See ome ade ene 8.00 7.00 ; 2b ae) 
ONE-WAY FIRST-CLASS FARES FROM HAVANA TO 
PRINCIPAL POINTS REACHED VIA 
THE UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 
WS: Ge U.S. Cy 
LaHike o26 bs eoeaone Oueomoode GeoaGrty we slevors PinéStes. ssi ee eee eee $10.00 
BAtabanorercatnsoe aeons ooeetenar 2.95 iMadnuicagcer seat aera mek ee 
PB AVAINIO Sets cone ee eeeseaterreeseeteauersie 26.24 Manzanillo... Foe Nadeliee holes 
Gaibarienkes.eoncdiekies coronene, LA 81 Matanzasseee ee eeeroee ae att ok 60) 
(ChiniHiTE Badoen seed coe aboondenane 20.57 PIACEtAS Styne eer nee see. Use: 
Card enasiy: scr rier encase Sac ee 7.96 Rlemediostaeenencreeo eran el eoO 
GiezondevAvilasne-een sen aa aac: 17.47 Cir ai Dig han NaOn Ae etme aa epeaaDe bean Wists 
@ienfnezos sis. sac.cs~ coe cscs sees 12.33 SanrAntoniosee-eecan eer eee 1.80 
Colony eae ec sashes saots 8.12 SanctitSpIntuseeeeeereee rece eee 15.51 
Guantanamo aca aoaseeoctc oes, Lol dO Santae@larayer este eee eae OS 
16 Gi Faget Come oG eee ro teeeEers 26.87 Santiago de Cuba................. 30.08 


Passengers holding full tickets are entitled to free transportation of baggage when the same weighs 110 pounds 
or less in first-class and 66 pounds or less in second-class. 


ROUND TRIP TICKETS—First and Second Class 


are on sale from Havana to Matanzas, Jovellanos, Cardenas, Col6n, Union, Sagua, 
Caibarien and Cienfuegos, valid for three days after date of sale. 


UNITED RAILWAYS OF HAVANA 


W. T. MEDLEY, Commercial Agent ARCHIBALD JACK, General Manager 


HAVANA, CUBA 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


42 THE CUBA 


Aparato Nuevo 


para trasbordar y 


Pesar Cana Neto 


Sistema nueva patentada por 
Horace F. Ruggles, 108 Wall St., N. Y., 
constructor de trasbordadores 


superiores 
Funciona por motor, levantando, pesando, tras- 
bordando y disparando la cafia por un hombre y 
imprime billetes duplicadas del peso neto. 


Pidanse informes del modelo ‘‘La Victoria.” 


A Weekly Publication of 
International Interest 


| 
| 
| 


It covers every field and phase of the industry 
WRITE FOR SAMPLE COPY 


Subscription - $3.00 Per Year 


Facts About Sugar 


82 Wall Street, New York 


M. J. CABANA 


COMMISSION MERCHANT 
P. O. Box 3, Camaguey 
Handles all kinds of merchandise either ona 
commission basis or under agency arrangements. 


Also furnishes all desired information about lands 
in eastern Cuba. 


CARLOS M. VARONA 


Camuer 


8 No. 18 VEDADO 
HAVANA, CUBA 


REVIEW 


S. F. HADDAD 
DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION PHARMACY 
“PASSOL” SPECIALTIES 
88 BROAD STREET, Cor. Stone, NEW YORK 


JAMES S. CONNELL & SON 
Sugar Brokers 


ESTABLISHED 1836, AT 105 WALL STREET 
Cable Address, ‘‘Tide, New York” 


Established 50 Years Shipping Trade a Specialty 


JOHN W. McDONALD & SON 


CORD WOOD FOR DUNNAGE 


LUMBER AND TIMBER 
i Wholesale and Retail 
Office, 15-25 Whitehall St., New York 


Telephones: { e3e0 Bowling Green 


Lumber and Timber Yards, Erie Basin, Brooklyn 
Telephone 0316 Henry Night Call 2278 Henry 


Sobrinos de Bea y CaS. en C. 


BANKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Importacién directa de todas los 
centros manufactureros del mundo 


Agents for the Munson Steamship Line. New York 
and Mobile; James E. Ward & Co., New York; 
Serra Steamship Company, Liverpool; Vapores 
Transatlanticos de A. Folch & Co., de Barcelona, 
Espana. 


INDEPENDENCIA STREET 17/21 
MATANZAS, CUBA 


F. W. Hvoslef E. C. Day’ R.M. Michelson 


BENNETT, HVOSLEF & CO. 


Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers 
18 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 


Cable ‘‘Benvosco’’ 


Cable: DWIPALM 
DWIGHT O. PALMER 
Sugar Broker and Agent 


160 PEARL STREET 
NEW YORK CITY 


P. RUIZ & BROS. 
Engravers - - Hine Stationery 


RUIZ BUILDING 


O’Reilly & Habana Sts. P.O.Box 608 
HAVANA, CUBA 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


Te AGO BeAr VALE LW 43 


Munson Steamship Lines 


GENERAL OFFICES: 


67 Wall Street, New York 


BRANCH OFFICES: 


Drexel Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Pier 8, M. & O. Docks, MOBILE, ALA. 
418 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 111 West Washington Street, CHICAGO, IBA, 
Keyser Building, BALTIMORE, MD. Hibernia Bank & Trust Bldg., "NEW ORLEAN SAS 


NEW YORK—Cuba Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 


Leave Arrive Leave Arrive 
New York Antilla Antilla New York 
VAS IOENPAIIAGR” oo cee oo ee Dec. 3 Dec. 7 Dec. 10 Dec. 14 
CO at ts te A Dec. 17 Dec. 21 Dec. 24 Dec. 28 
SRE GE Feat) OH WAS es Dec. 31 Jan. 4 Jam, 7 Jfara, 111! 


FREIGHT ONLY 


Regular sailings for Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua, Caibarien, 
Puerto Padre, Gibara, Manati, Banes and Nuevitas. 


MOBILE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Regular sailings as follows: 
Havana....Every Week| Isabela de Sagua.. Every 4 Weeks | Guantanamo. Ev ery 3 Weeks 


Matanzas.Every 2 Weeks | Caibarien......... cannes sf Anitillace nee 
Cardenas.Every 2 Weeks | Nuevitas.......... Rien es! => )\\Santiago: Resa eee gles 
(CHEMO 7 


MOBILE—South America Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


A STEAMER—Montevideo-Buenos Aires...........--.-+-22seec eee ceeees Semi-monthly 
PNM WARN URE aztec ee cvepee yeeros er oc ewe Se As © oS ee he eM aces On Application 


NEW YORK—South America Service 
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 
United States Shipping Board’s Passenger Service 
ew OA Siem) epee goin cies ie sd ee OL ee awe Goo vite ae sdiepe ere salem aieae December 7 
S'S METUIROINE Gey) ea serosa cee yceat hare Bronwen eat diene nea eee nega December 22 
(a) 1st and 3d cless (b) 1st, 2nd and 3d class 
FREIGHT ONLY 
Semi-monthly sailings for Brazilian Ports and River Plate. 


BALTIMORE—Cuba Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 
A STEAMIBIR—IBeilinimomeslslenvehnk) 55500090000 000655050000 50000¢ Every Other Thursday 
A STEAMER—Baltimore-Cienfuegos-Santiago ......-..-.-+---+++++--- On Application 


NEW YORK—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


Bi-weekly sailings from New York for Progreso, Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


NEW ORLEANS—Mexico Service 
FREIGHT ONLY 


Bi-weekly sailings from New Orleans for Tampico and Vera Cruz. 


The Line reserves the right to cancel or alter the sailing dates of its vessels or 
to change its ports of call without previous notice. 


b+ THE’ CUsSs REVISE | 
7 
| 
| 


LINK-BELT 


Conveyors for Sugar Estates 


We are pioneers in the development of conveying 

machinery for sugar estates and refineries. For 

more than twenty years we have specialized in 

the solution of engineering problems in the han- 
dling of cane, bagasse 
and sugar. 


Send for Catalog No. 355 
LINK-BELT COMPANY 


299 Broadway New York City 


American Car and Foundry Export Co. 


Direcci6n Telegrafica: 
RCAREX” NEW YORK 169 Broadway, New York, U. S. A. 


LISTA PARA ENTREGA INMEDIATAMENTE 


Aqui se ve el grabado de uno de nuestros carros més modernos para mercancias. Fabricamos carros 
de todos tipos y de varias capacidades para uso en Cuba, Puerto Rico, Sud América, América Central y 
Méjico, con bastideres y jaulas de madera o de acero. Produccién annual de mds de 100,000 carros. 


OSCAR B. CINTAS, Oficios 29-31, HAVANA, Representante para Cuba 


Please mention THE CUBA REVIEW when writing to Advertisers 


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