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CVBA  REVI EW 


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THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Link-Belt  Sile 


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Tlic   J(\cii\    Drive    for   Sugar   ^lill    Machinery 

/^PERATE-iin  hot.  coll,  damp  or  oily 
^^^  places  with  ut  slip  or  loss,  maintaining 
an  efficiency  of  over  98 '/r-  Drives  on  long 
or  short  centers.  Wire  rarges  of  speed 
ratios  are  available,  making  possible  the 
most  advantageous  operating  speeds. 

flexible  as  a  Belt 

Positive  as  a  Gear 

More  1  fficient  Than  Either 


i      Look  for  the  Name  on  the  Washers; 
1      Look  for  the   Liners  in  the  Joints. 


.^V#yV#':^ 


Write  for  Data  Boolv  Xo.  125,  our  112- page  price  list      It  ^hows  how  to  figure 
drives,  and  to  tletermiiie  costs. 


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CARS 
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(Usaiiios  todas  laa  claves) 

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VAGONES 

CALDERAS,  TANQUES,  BOMBAS 


Insist   upon 
Walker's   "LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"  Lion"  Brass  Trade  M  ark  Labels  and  Seals  attached . 

DJi^ripuv°e"at.iog  Jafflcs  Walkcf  &  Cofflpany,  Ltd. 

27   THAMES    STREET,    NEW    YORK    CITY 

,  Sole  Agent   for   Cuba 

jose:  l.  vii^laamil 

Santa     Clara     29,     Havana,     Cuba 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


/^  A  DDi^O    PARA  TODOS  USDS  y  de  todos  tamanos,   de  los  para  caiia  con   cuatro     ruedas  y  cap^- 

^'»****"'^    cidad  de  1  ^   toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  tonelad^Si 

Hacemos    una    especialidad    de   juegos    de    herrajes,    inclnyendo    los    jiiegos 

de  ruedas,  completamente  armados,  con  todas  las  piezas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

completes   para    construir    los    carros   a   su    destino    de    mad  eras    del    pais 


;  ^^^^^^^^1^^^^^ 

^^^  ■:^':.:3P^^sms^^--:2:  .  :z.  ■:  t'""''-    "--' 

HHKri^gll 

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''    ■    ;  .  "■""v  >-      '  ^  .           ■  "'■^p  *te^  ^^  ^^  fc«l  ^K^J^S,  '^  ""^^S^^^            

>'U  1-.^; 

-1 

. — -—- — - — ■ — -■'■'            — ^    

:■   '    ■           -     / 

...,cv,v..        ■             . 

.     ■               — 

RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cable  Addrf.ss; 
Ramai.iam 


HOLBROOK   TOWING   LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 

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WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 


SUGARS 


RAW  AND 
REFINED 


82   WALL  STREET,   NEW  YORK 

Publishers  of  Daily  and  Weekly  Statistical   Sugar  Trade  Journal — the  recognized  authority  of  the  trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET   ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensena  uno  de  nueatros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cafia. 

Tenemos  otros  tipos  de  capacidades  varias  y  hemos  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carroa  para  cafi^  B^fa 
UBo  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  America-Central  y  M6xico,  que  tienen  jaules  de  acero  o  de  madera  y /eon- 
struidas  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cana. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.U.A. 

Direcci6n  telegrdfica:    NALLIM,  New  York.  Produccidn  annual  de  mds  de   100,000  carrot 

Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B.  CINTAS,  Oficios  29-31.  Havana. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


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Log  Angeles   Office 

414  Crosse  Building 

Spring  &  Sixth 

Agentt  in  Cuba: 

ZALDO  A  MARTINEZ 

26  O'Reilly  Street,  Havana 


BUILT  BY 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


PEDRO  PABLO  DIAGO 


GUILLERMO    CARRICABURU 


LOUIS  V.  plage:  CO. 

...  STEAMSHIP  AGENTS  AND  SHIP  BROKERS  ... 

76  CUBA  STREET,     ::     HAVANA,    CUBA 
CABLE   ADDRESS:    "PLACfi" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 


82  WALL  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


Published  Weekly  Subscription  Price  $3.00  a  year 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  SAMPLE  COPY 

Indispensable    to    tKe    Man     Interested     in     Sugar 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  M 
S  15 
7  15 


P  M 


P  M 
2  55 
4  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
P  M 


P  M 
2  15 
4  15 


PM 


AM 
10  V 
12  15 


PM 


AM 
6  55 
8  33 
10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


A  M 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 
AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .Ar 

At Artemiaa Lv. 

Ar Paso  Real Lv 

At Herradura Lv. 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio ....  Lv. 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 
3dcl. 
$1.10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 

AM 
7  49 
5  45 

AM 

AM 
11  09 
9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 

AM 
11  47 
9  45 

P  M 
3  49 
1  45 

P  M 
6  47 
4  45 

6  38 
3  00 

P  M 

AM 

P  M 

P  M 
7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
3  00 
1  30 
P  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho  Boyeros 15  cts. 

Calabazar 10  "       |  Santiago  de  las  Vegas    ....     20    " 

Rincon 25  cts. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An  Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92  Beaver  Street,  New'  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 


$1.00  Per  Year 


Advertising  Rates  on  Application 


10  Cents  Single  Copy 


Vol.  XV 


DECEMBER,  1916 


No. 


Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — A  Tree  Morning  Glory,  Common  in  Cuba. 

Frontispiece — American  Legation  Building,  Havana. 

Page 

Cigar  Box  Cedar  Tree,  illustrated,  by  C.  H.  Pearson 12,   13,   14,  15 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

Cotton  Fabrics  and  Ready-Made  Clothmg 29,  30 

Imports  and  Exports 30 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 29 

Cuba  Cane  Sugar  Corporation 21 

Cuban- American  Sugar  Company 22,  23,  24,  25 

National  Bank  of  Cuba 21 

New  Incorporations •_ 21 

Nipe  Bay  Company 25,  26,  27,  28 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Securities 21 

Cuban  Government  Matters: 

Army  Horses " 

Cuban  Citizenship 7 

Cuban  Fruit  Seeds 7 

Cuban  Poetry 9 

Customs  Collections 8 

Havana  Horse  Show - ■ 9 

Havana  library 9 

International  Health  Commission 7 

Marianao 8 

Minister  to  Mexico 7 

New  Department ^ 

Parcel  Post  Treaty 9 

Projected  Railways 7 

Road  Construction 8 

School  Ship 9 

Stock  Breeding  Station 7 

Trade  with  Cuba ^ 

Publications  Received 19 

Shipping  Goods  to  Cuba,  by  Dean  R.  Wood 16,   17,   18,   19 

Sugar  Industry: 

Havana  Sugar  School 34 

Mauritius  Sugar.     q,"  '  Vo  qq 

Plantation  White  Sugar ^^i  ^^<  "So 

Sugar  Crop  Estimates 34 

Sugar  Shipments 3o 

Sugar  Review,  English 35 

Sugar  Review,  Spanish 36 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban  Railroads 20  21 

United  States  Legation  in  Cuba,  illustrated 10,   11 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL   A1U)UT   CUBA" 

Copyright,  1916,  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line 


Volume   XV 


DECEMBER,   1916 


Number    1 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


SUBSIDY  FOR  PROJECTED  RAILWAY 

The  President  of  Cuba  signed  a  decree  on 
November  16  granting  the  Compania  del 
Ferrocarril  del  Norte  de  Vuelta  Abajo  a  sub- 
sidy ot  $G,000  per  kilometer  ($3,650  per  mile) 
for  the  construction  of  a  railway  connecting 
the  city  of  Pinar  del  Rio  and  the  port  of 
Esperanza  on  the  north  coast,  with  a  con- 
necting branch  to  La  Palma.  It  is  reported 
that  the  company  will  begin  work  at  once. 

The  new  railway  will  traverse  a  rich  agri- 
cultural and  mineral  section,  including  the 
valley  of  Vinales,  whose  scenic  beauty  has 
alwaj^s  been  a  source  of  admiration  to  trav- 
elers in  western  Cuba.  Vinales,  the  port 
of  Esperanza  and  La  Palma,  are  now  con- 
nected with  the  provincial  capital  city  of 
Pinar  del  Rio  by  a  splendid  highway,  over 
which  an  automobile-bus  service  is  afforded 
twice  daily. 

This  railway  will  also  traverse  part  of  the 
lowlands  of  the  celebrated  Vuelta  Abajo 
district  and  the  "Lomas"  or  hill  country, 
where  the  best  tobacco  of  the  world  is  grown. 


CUBAN   FRUIT  SEEDS 

Alberto  F.  Hevia,  the  Cuban  consul  in 
Marseilles,  France,  has  reported  to  the  state 
department  the  use  of  acids  of  seeds  of  agua- 
cate  and  mamey,  two  well  known  Cuban 
fruits,  in  the  manufacture  of  toilet  soap. 


MINISTER  TO   MEXICO 

Sr.  Ramon  Pio  Ajuria  has  been  designated 
Minister  of  Cuba  to  ^Ie.\ico. 


CUBAN   CITIZENSHIP 

It  is  stated  by  the  State  Department  that 
a  great  many  immigrants  have  recently  been 
granted  Cuban  citizenship,  in  one  month 
the  number  amounting  to  1,800. 


STOCK  BREEDING   STATION 

The  authorities  of  Cienfuegos  have  offered 
to  the  Cuban  Government  a  plot  of  land 
to  be  devoted  to  the  establishment  of  a 
government  stock  breeding  station,  and  the 
matter  is  now  being  considered  by  the 
Department  of  Agriculture. 


INTERNATIONAL  HEALTH  COMMISSION 

Dr.  Juan  Guiteras,  head  of  the  Cuban  Pub- 
lic Health  Service,  reached  New  York  Dec.  11 
in  company  with  other  members  of  the  Inter- 
national Health  Commission,  headed  bj' Major 
General  Wm.  C.  Gorgas  from  South  America 
after  a  two  months  trip  up  the  Amazon  and 
in  Northern  Brazil,  where  they  studied  yellow 
fever  and  other  tropical  diseases.  The  Com- 
missionstopped  at  the  principal  cities  and  towTis 
on  the  banks  of  the  .Amazon  and  in  Northern 
Brazil,  examining  the  patients  in  the  hospitals 
and  making  records  of  the  diseases  spread 
by  the  fever-breeding  mosquito. 

Other  members  of  the  commission  were  Dr. 
Henry  R.  Carter  of  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Service,  Dr.  C.  C.  Lyster,  Dr.  Eugene 
R.  WTiitmore,  Dr.  Wm.  R.  Wrightson,  who 
will  make  their  report  to  the  Rockefeller 
Foundation. 


THE     CUBA     R  E  \'  I  E  \V 


NEW  DEPARTMENT 

Dr.  Frank  Menocal,  Commissioner  of  Im- 
migration, is  planning  to  construct  a  new 
department  of  ))aths  connected  with  the 
Triscornia  quarantine  station,  to  cost  approxi- 
mately ?4,000. 


ROAD    CONSTRUCTION 

It  is  reported  that  land  o«-ners  and  others 
residing  in  Oriente  Province  have  started  a 
subscription  for  the  collection  cf  fimds  to 
repair  roads  of  that  region,  and  to  build  por- 
tions of  roads  badly  needed. 

Santa  Clara  is  also  planning  for  road  re- 
pair in  a  similar  manner. 


MARIANAO 


Public  bids  are  to  be  asked  for  the  con- 
struction of  a  residential  park  at  ^Marianao 
Beach  and  also  a  park  which  is  to  be  devoted 
to  amusements. 


COUNTERFEIT    MONEY 

It  is  reported  in  the  press  that  the  United 
States  Secret  Service  has  discovered  that 
coimterfeit  of  American  money  is  being  made 
in  Cuba,  the  coimterfeit  money  being  sent 
to  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  where  it  is  easily  cir- 
culated on  account  of  the  lack  of  faith  in 
Mexican  paper  money. 


CUSTOMS  COLLECTIONS 

In  the  first  half  of  the  calendar  year  1916 
the  customs  collections  for  the  entire  Republic 
were  S17,119,S0S,  an  increase  of  ?4,6So,740 
over  the  same  period  in  1915. 


CANADIAN   POTATOES 

Considerable  shipments  of  potatoes  from 
Canada  to  Cuba  by  way  of  Boston  are  re- 
ported and  it  is  stated  that  the  Cuban  demand 
for  Canadian  seed  potatoes  will  be  about 
80,000  barrels. 


PANAMA   CANAL 

The  Panama  Record  states  that  the  S.  S. 
Jalisco  arrived  at  Cristobal  on  October  21st 
and  proceeded  through  the  Canal  bound  to 
the  West  coast  of  South  America.  This 
steamer  was  the  first  ship  flying  the  Cuban 
flag  to  go  through  the  Panama  Canal. 


HAVANA  HOTELS 

.V  recent  article  by  Mrs.  Mary  Roberts 
Reinhart  appeared  in  the  Saturdmj  Evening 
Post.  This  article  is  entitled  ''The  Pirates  of 
the  Caribbean,"  and  is  exceedingly  flippant, 
to  say  the  least,  and  a  portion  of  the  article  is 
in  questionable  taste.  This  should  not  have 
been  taken  seriously,  Init  imfortunately  the 
Cuban  press  and,  we  understand,  many  of  the 
Cubans  have  taken  the  article  literally  and 
resent  what  they  consider  imwarranted  impli- 
cations. The  word  "Pirates"  is  applied  to  the 
Havana  hotel  keepers.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  this  frivolous  article  has  been  brought 
into  undue  prominence,  but  it  is  quite  true 
that  in  the  "Winter  season  there  are  not  suffi- 
cient hotel  accommondations  in  Havana  to 
acconmaodate  the  large  numbers  of  tourists 
that  visit  that  city.  Regardless  of  the  prices 
for  accommodations,  American  tourists  have 
been  greatly  inconvenienced  by  the  lack  of 
sufficient  hotels.  The  toiu-ist  trade  is  verj' 
important  to  Havana  and  to  Cuba  generally, 
and  if  this  traffic  is  to  be  properly  taken  care 
of  in  the  future,  adequate  and  reasonable 
hotel  accommodations  wiU  have  to  be  pro- 
vided. 

We  note  that  the  Havana  Pod  has  an- 
nounced its  intention  of  providing  a  bureau 
to  be  placed  in  charge  of  competent  persons 
who  will  look  after  tourists  and  provide  them 
with  accommodations  in  private  houses  if  it 
is  impossible  to  secure  rooms  at  the  hotels. 


OUR  UNPRECEDENTED  TRADE  WITH 
CUBA 

The  foregoing  figiu-es  for  the  ten  month 
period  ending  with  October  show  an  increase 
of  75.389^  in  the  export  figures  this  year  over 
last  year,  and  a  gain  this  year  of  128.o09c  over 
the  same  period  in  1914.  Also  a  gain  in  oiu- 
imports  of  23.25'^  c  for  the  period  this  year 
over  last  year.  For  the  month  of  October 
alone  the  figures  for  this  year  show  a  gain  of 
over  100':"^  in  the  imports  from  Cuba  to  the 
United  States,  and  a  gain  of  almost  GO'^c  in  the 
export  figiues  to  Cuba  over  the  same  month 
last  year. 

These  figures  speak  volumes  for  the  very 
favorable  trade  which  is  now  developing  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Cuba,  and  with 
the  continuance  of  the  present  conditions  for 
another  twelve  months  it  is  not  easy  to  fore- 
cast just  what  the  ratio  of  increase  will  show 
for  the  next  period. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


HAVANA  LIBRARY 

According  to  the  Havana  Pout,  Dr.  \'arora 
Suarez,  Mayor-elect  of  Havana,  is  plar.r.irg 
to  establLsh  a  puVjlic  librar}',  and  Mr.  Arter.d 
R.  de  Carricarte  i.s  mentioned  for  the  position 
of  Manager.  It  is  designed  to  have  this 
library  operated  in  the  same  manper  as  the 
free  public  libraries  of  the  United  States. 
Lecture  courses  wilJ  be  established  as  well 
as  branch  libra/ics  and  the  circulation,  cf 
books  vnW  be  encouraged. 


PARCELS  POST  TREATY 

It  is  rumored  that  the  negotiations  \\-ith 
the  Spanish  governm.ent  for  the  signing  of  a 
treaty  between  Spain  and  Cuba  prox-iding 
for  parcels  post  arrangements  have  been 
suspended  imtil  the  war  in  Europe  ends. 
The  treaty  was  opposed  bj-  tobacco  manu- 
facturers in  Spain. 


ARMY  HORSES 


It  is  stated  that  the  Cuban  Governjnent  is 
to  establish  a  horse  breeding  station  at  Cam- 
aguey  for  the  purpose  of  developing  horses 
to  be  used  for  the  Cuban  army.  The  Prov- 
ince of  Camaguej'  has  always  been  cele- 
brated for  its  lands  for  cattle  grazing. 


HAVANA  HORSE  SHOW 

It  is  proposed  to  have  a  Horse  Show 
sometime  during  February  w-hich  will  take 
place  at  Oriente  Park,  Havana.  A  large  sum 
of  money  will  be  proxided  for  prizes  and 
incidental  exper^ses. 


HAVANA 


The  Department  of  Immigration  reports 
that  during  the  month  of  November,  just 
passed,  12,552  passengers  entered  the  port  of 
Havana. 


CUSTOMS  RECEIPTS.  NOVEMBER 

The  Customs  Department  of  Havana 
states  that  the  receipts  of  the  port  for  the 
month  of  XovemJjer  totalled  $2,630,289.34. 


NEW   TELEGRAPH   STATION 

Director  of  Communications,  Chas.  Her- 
nandez, announced  the  opening  of  a  new  tele- 
graph station  at  Cascajal,  Santa  Clara. 


CAMAGUEY 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  has  an- 
nounced that  the  n.ew^  Caspar  Betancourt 
Cisr.eros  school  will  be  formallj-  opened  the 
latter  part  of  Februar}'.  Construction  work 
is  going  on  rapidly  on  the  school  building. 
One  of  the  novelties  of  the  school  will  be 
a\aarv. 


SPAIN  CANCELS  ORDER 

At  the  request  of  the  Cuban  State  De- 
partment, the  Spanish  Government  has 
cancelled  a  portion  of  a  roj-al  decree,  which 
prohibited  the  exportation  of  cigarette 
paper. 

SCHOOL  SHIP 

It  is  reported  that  the  Cuban  Government 
is  trying  to  buj'  the  Italian  bark  Ninfa  for 
use  as  a  school  ship. 

CUBAN  POETRY 

A  volume  of  poems  of  Xieves  Xenes,  the 
leading  poetess  of  Cuba,  has  been  pubEshed 
by  a  coirmaission  of  the  Cuban  Academia 
Xacional  de  Artes  y  Letras. 

HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILWAY 

A  general  strike  of  the  emploj-es  of  ttus 
railroad  took  place  on  December  16th,  and 
this  strike  was  not  cojofined  to  the  motormen 
and  conductors,  but  the  workers  in  the  power 
plants  abandoned  their  work  and  the  Line 
was  completely  tied  up.  The  Railroad 
Company  also  supplies  electric  current  for 
power  and  lighting  and  the  consumers  of 
current  were  greatlj-  inconvenienced.  The 
trouble  w'as  fin.alh-  adjusted  after  a  duration 
of  several  da  vs. 


According  to  the  Havana  Post  the  recent 
exposition  in  the  Republic  of  Panama  has 
resulted  well  for  Cuban  exhibitors,  many 
orders  having  been  received  bj"  Cuban 
merchants. 


TOBACCO  SHIPMENT 

A  shipment  of  1,200,000  cigars  and  420,000 
boxes  of  cigarettes  is  reported  for  December 
shipment  from  Havana  to  Chile  via  the 
Panama  Canal. 


LA  GLORIA 


La    G'oria    Fiir   has   been    postponed   to 
Feb.  27-28  &  Mar.  1,  1917. 


10 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


Patio  of  the  American  Legation  Building,  Havana. 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW  11 


THE  UNITED  STATES  LEGATION  IN  CUBA 


The  United  States  Government  has  inn-chased  the  mansion  nf)w  ()<cu])ied  Ijy  tlie  American 
Minister  in  the  Cerro — the  Cerro  noted  for  handsome  resid(>n(es  witli  trc  ])i(al  gardens,  and 
picturesque  surroundings  of  tropical  growths  and  lofty  royal  paJnis. 

The  Echarte  Mlla,  belonged  to  a  prominent  Cuban  family,  Alfonso,  noted  for  their  hos- 
pitality. Sr.  Edelberto  P'arres,  who  married  a  nic>ce,  Fnriqucte  Fcharte,  was  ai)pointed  to  rep- 
resent the  Cuban  Government  at  Venezuela,  l)ut  never  took  his  post. 

The  Legation  occupies  nearly  a  block.  The  main  offices  are  on  one  side  of  the  house,  and 
the  apartments,  spacious  drawings  rooms  with  stuccoed  ceilings,  corridors  with  marble  pave- 
ments are  on  the  opposite  side,  while  beyond  are  the  gardens  and  grounds.  The  main  entrance 
has  steps  leading  to  the  wide  piazza,  with  balustrades  intertwined  with  stcphanotis  climbing 
roses  and  other  flowers,  adding  sweetness  to  the  balmy  breeze.  Lofty  royal  palms  tower  above 
the  building  and  the  American  flag  floats  overhead. 

The  Ignited  States  Minister  and  Mrs.  Gonzales  have  resided  in  this  villa  since  their  coming 
to  Cuba  and  have  entertained  American  and  Cuban  society  and  distinguished  visiters  from  the 
United  States  with  charming  hospitalit3^  President  and  Mrs.  Menocal  were  among  their 
guests  at  a  ball  given  by  Minister  and  Mrs.  Gonzales  at  the  Legation  two  years  ago. 

The  United  States  Minister  to  Cuba,  Mr.  William  Elliot  Gonzales,  is  American  bj'  birth; 
his  mother  was  a  member  of  a  distinguished  South  Carolina  family,  the  Elliots,  and  his  father, 
Gen.  Aml^rosio  J.  Gonzales,  was  a  Cuban  general  who  fought  under  Gen.  Narciso  Lopez.  Gen. 
Gonzales  made  his  home  in  Columbus,  South  Carolina,  and  his  two  sons  were  born  in  the 
South.  Until  he  came  to  Cuba,  during  the  Spanish  American  war,  as  a  captain  in  the  South 
Carolina  Volunteers,  Mr.  W^illiam  Gonzales  had  never  visited  the  home  of  his  father. 

Since  the  advent  of  the  Republic  of  Cuba,  five  American  Ministers  have  served  their  govern- 
ment in  Cuba.  The  first,  Mr.  Herbert  Squires,  and  his  family  resided  in  Marianao  at  the 
Quinta  Hidalgo;  Mr.  Edwin  V.  Morgan,  his  successor,  also  resided  in  Marianao.  The  third 
Minister  appointed  to  Cuba,  Mr.  Henry  Brinckerhoff  Jackson,  and  Mrs.  Jackson  resided  in  a 
mansion  opposite  the  Eelen  Church  that  formerly  belonged  to  the  Cuban  Marquis  de  Al- 
mendares,  and  was  the  scene  of  many  social  functions  during  the  regime  of  Spain.  ]\Ir. 
Arthur  Beaupre  and  Mrs.  Beaupre  took  a  house  on  the  Malecon,  upon  the  arrival  of  Minister 
Beaupre  in  Havana. 

So  far  as  we  know,  there  is  only  one  other  Legation  the  property  of  the  American  Govern- 
ment, namsly,  Bucharest,  the  capital  of  Roumania.  Negotiations  have  been  on  foot  to  pur- 
chase other  property  for  embassies  and  legations  abroad,  but  so  far,  have  not  culminated  in  the 
purchase  of  foreign  lands  for  that  purpose. 


CHEAP  SUGAR  NOT  IN  SIGHT  ^j^^^   -^  ^^.jl  ,^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^j^^  ^^^ 

The  peace  negotiations  will  have  to  come  sources  of  supply  will  be  available.     Li  the 

to  a  head  very  soon  to  bring  about  a  reduction  face   of   such    conditions   it   is   regarded   as 

in  the  price  of  sugar   next   Fall,   according  fortunate  that  Cuba  is  beginnin.&  to  harvest 

to  F.  C.  Lowry  of  the  Federal  Sugar  Refining  what  promises  to  be  a  record  crop,  amomiting 

Company.      He    believes    that    if    the    war  to    3,400,000    tons,     as     against     3,006,000 

«nds  in  the  next  few  months  it  may  be  possible  tons  last  year.    Other  increases  should  make 

for  Belgium.,  Fraace,  Russia,  Germany  and  the    world's    supply   larger    this    season    by 

Austria   to   increase   their   sowing   of   sugar  700,000  tons, 
beets    .next    April,    which    would    mean    an 
increase  in  the  supply  of  raw  sugar  in  the 

following  October.     During  the  war  nearly  University  of  Illinois   Bulletin,  November 

every  country  in  the  world,  save  Germany  20th.  1916,  Urbana,  ill. 

and  countries  in  Asia,  has  purchased  Ameri-  This  issue  contains  a  description  with  illus- 

can  refined  sugar.    If  peace  is  deferred  until  trations    of   the    new    Ceramic    Engineering 

too  late  for  increased  planting  next  Spring  Building,  dedicated  Dec.  6  and  7th,  1916. 


12 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


A  Cigar  Box  Cedar  Tree,  Showing  Character  of  Barlv. 


CIGAR  BOX  CEDAR 


By  C.  H.  Pearson 

Of  the  many  important  timber  trees  native  to  Cuba  the  cigar  box  or  Spanish  cedar  is  at 
present  of  greatest  ccmmercial  importance.  The  tree  is  known  locally  by  the  Spanish-speaking 
people  as  cedro,  cedro  macho,  cedro  de  ramazon,  cedro  dulce  and  cedro  hembra.  In  the  trade  it  is 
known  also  as  West  Indian  or  tropical  American  cedar,  because  it  is  indigenous  to  all  the 
islands  of  the  West  Indies  and  to  the  mainland  from  southern  Mexico  southward  to  Brazil. 
Owing  to  its  extensive  natural  range  of  growth  there  seems  to  be  a  pronounced  tendency  in  the 


THE     CUB  A     R  h  \   I  K  W 


13 


A  Cigar  Box  Cedar  Tree  Planted  for  Shade 
and  Ornament. 


cedar  to  run  into  varieties,  many  of  which  assume  the  character  of  distinct  species,  and  trees 
almost  similar  in  appearance  to  the  true  cedar  occur  as  tar  south  as  Argentina.  Perhaps  no 
other  tropical  timber  tree  can  thrive  in  such  a  great  variety  of  soils  as  the  cigar  box  cedar,  but 
it  is  probably  most  abundant  in  the  deep,  moist  and  rich  soil  of  southern  Mexico,  where  it  is, 
however,  inferior,  though  larger  than  in  Cuba  and  Jamaica.  The  best  wood  is  said  to  be  derived 
from  trees  grown  on  the  upland  situations  in  Cuba,  Haiti  and  Trinidad.  In  Cuba,  it  reaches 
its  greatest  development  in  the  rich  valleys  and  fertile  mountain  slopes. 

The  tree  yielding  this  important  wood  attains  a  height  ot  from  SO  to  100  feet  and  a  trunk 
diameter  of  from  two  to  six  or  more  feet.  The  trunks  which  are  usually  cylindrical  above  the 
enlarged  root  swelling  are  tree  from  branches  for  the  first  30  or  40  feet.  The  tree  has  been  de- 
scribed as  yielding  enormous  dimensions,  furnishing  boards  of  such  great  width  that  a  single 
one  is  sufficient  to  make  a  door  or  a  table  top.  The  logs  frequently  contain  from  3,000  to  5,000 
board  feet;  the  average  run  where  15  inch  logs  are  included  is  about  700  board  feet  to  the 
tree.  Unfortunately,  the  trees  develop  large  buttresses  extending  to  the  height  of  from  six  to 
ten  feet  from  the  ground.  The  best  portion  ot  the  trunk  oi  a  tree  felled  for  timber  is  generally 
left  in  the  lorest,  because  those  who  fell  the  trees  invariably  cut  them  above  the  root  swellings. 

When  cigar  box  wood  is  first  cut  it  is  pale  reddish  brown  color  which  upon  exposure  to 
light  and  air  turns  darker,  often  remotely  resembling  certain  grades  of  cherry;  other  grades 
resemble  true  mahogany  for  which  it  is  often  substituted  and  used.  The  most  desirable  wood  is 
obtained  from  trees  grown  on  uplands.  Such  trees  have  a  reddish  brown  wood  that  is  fuiely 
mottled  and  figured.  The  majority  of  the  iogs  are  cross-grained  and  show  alternate  lines  of 
light  and  dark  shades  to  mahogany.     The  wood  from  large  burls,  burr  or  sound  knots  are 


14 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


Cigar  Box  Cedar  Tree  Grown  on  Upland 
Soil. 


Logs    of    Cigar    Box    Cedui',    Squared    and 
Ready  for  Shipment  to  Marlvet. 


highly  esteemed  by  all  cabinet  makers.  These  are  usually  beautifully  figured  with  spots  and 
mottles,  curled  and  matted  together.  Very  large  burrs  are  sometimes  procured  from  old  trees 
in  the  virgin  forests  of  Cuba.  The  wood  from  the  buttresses  is  often  elegantly  figured  and  it 
seems  remarkable  that  not  mere  cf  it  is  used. 

This  handsome  fast-g; owing  tree  produces  one  of  the  finest  timbers  in  the  West  Indies. 
Cigar  box  cedar  is  strong,  moderately  tough,  durable,  works  well,  splits  with  difficulty  and  is 
susceptible  of  a  h  igh  polish  which  it  retains  indefinitely.  The  wood  emits  a  distinct  aromatic  or 
cedary  odcr,  which  is  true  also  of  some  other  species  of  this  important  group  of  timber  trees. 
Cigar  box  cedar  is  said  to  be  ^roof  against  the  attack  of  white  ants  which  are  so  destructive  to 
woods  in  the  tropics.  There  are,  however,  no  authoritative  records  showing  that  it  is  entirely 
imnuuie  to  the  ravages  of  these  insects  or  to  the  teredo.  All  users  of  cedar,  and  writers  on 
timber  seem  to  agree  that  the  wood  is  very  durable  in  contact  with  the  soil  and  resists  the 
action  of  the  weather.  This  quality  of  withstanding  the  action  of  the  elements  is  due  probably 
to  the  presence  of  an  essential  oil  in  the  wood,  which  is  known  in  the  trade  as  cedrela  oil. 

Speaking  about  cigar  box  cedar  in  the  West  Indies,  Cook  and  Collins*  state  that  this  pre- 
cious wood  of  an  agreeable  odor  is  very  lasting.  It  is  heavier,  more  compact,  and  darker 
colored  than  mahogany,  which  the  variety  called  cedro  macho  much  resembles;  the 
variety  known  as  cedro  hembra  is  much  lighter,  less  compact  and  much  lighter  in 
color.  The  first-named  variety  is  used  for  furniture,  carpenter  work  and  the  interior 
of  houses,  and  for  the  latter  is  preferred  to  mahogany,  being  softer  and  more  easy  to  work, 
also  having  the  advantage  of  never  being  attacked  by  insects.  It  is  used  also  for  win- 
dows, balconies,  etc.  The  military  authorities  use  if  for  boxes  and  powder  vessels.  This 
softer  variety  is  the  kind  that  is  generally  preferred  in  making  cigar  boxes.  The  more  compact 
kind  is  used  extensively  as  a  mahogany  substitute. 

It  is  not  always  easy  to  distinguish  between  the  wood  of  cigar  box  cedar  and  true 
mahogany.  They  are  closely  related  botanically  and  in  many  respects  are  quite  similar. 
Those  who  have  handled  and  worked  both  woods  can  usually  tell  them  apart  quite  readily. 
The  odor  of  the  cedar  is  perhaps  the  most  reliable  characteristics,  but  there  is  a  community 

♦Economic  Plants  of  Pcrto  Rico,  Washington,  1903. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


15 


stump  of  Cigai   Box  Cedar,  Showing  the 
Amount  of  Waste. 

of  other  properties  which  ciui  be  relied  upon  in  distinguishing  it  from  mahogany.  Cedar  is 
coarser,  lighter  in  color  and  weight,  softer  and  is  more  easily  worked.  Moreover,  the  annual 
rings  of  growth  are  more  prominent  and  the  pores  are  considerably  more  conspicuous  on  a  smooth 
transverse  section.  In  smooth  longitudinal  sections  of  cedar  may  be  observed  dark  colored 
cellular  masses  in  the  pores;  in  true  mahogany  these  masses  are  usually  white  or  nearly  so. 

Cigar  box  cedar  is  highly  esteemed  for  a  good  many  purposes  both  locally  and  abroad. 
The  bulk  of  the  wood  that  goes  to  New  York,  Liverpool,  London  and  Hamburg  is  utilized  in 
making  cigar  boxes.  There  is  hardly  a  limit  to  the  number  of  uses  to  which  cedar  may  be  put. 
It  possesses  properties  that  fit  it  for  the  same  purpose?  as  true  mahogany  and  teak. 

The  bulk  of  the  cigar  box  csdar  used  in  the  United  States  is  obtained  in  Cuba.  According 
to  the  Commerce  Reports  the  following  quantities  have  been  received  from  Cuba  since  1911; 


Qhantity  Value 

Year                                                               Board  Ft.  Dollars 

1911 13,811,000  788,214 

1912 9,783,000  545,197 

1913 12,815,000  723,837 

1914 9,866,000  591,716 

1915 8,036,000  468,934 

The  amounts  received  from  all  sources  from  1911  to  1915,  inclusive,  are  as  follows: 

Quantity  Value 

Year                                                             Board  Ft.  Dollars 

1911 18,172,000  995,968 

1912 15,035,000  807,699 

1913 19,092,000  1,094,048 

1914 17,285,000  982,152 

1915 15,875,000  947,313 


16  THECUBAREVIEW 

SHIPPING  GOODS  TO  CUBA  AND  OTHER  LATIN 
AMERICAN  COUNTRIES 


By  Dean  R.  Wood 


Consular  Invoices. — -Consular  Invoices  must  be  presented  in  the  Custom  House  for  goods 
shipped  to  Cuba  and  must  be  correctly  made  out.  In  addition  to  the  Consular  Invoice,  certi- 
fied to  before  the  Cuban  Consul,  at  least  two  other  copies  of  the  invoice,  exact  copies  of  the 
Consular  Invoice,  should  be  sent  to  buyer  or  consignee,  as  in  addition  to  the  Consular  Invoice 
one  other  copy  must  be  presented  in  the  Custom  House,  and  the  importer  needs  one  copy  for 
his  own  information,  thus  making  two  copies  in  addition  to  the  Consular  Invoice,  or  three 
copies  in  all.  Only  one  Consular  Invoice,  signed  by  the  Cuban  Consul,  is  necessary.  Consular 
Invoices  for  shipments  of  goods  under  $5.00  in  value  are  not  necessary,but  if  not  presented  goods 
will  lose  the  benefit  of  the  Reciprocity  Treaty  between  Cuba  and'  the  United  States.  For 
shipments,  $5.00  or  more  in  value.  Consular  Invoices  must  be  presented  in  the  Custom  House. 
Invoices  should  always  be  made  in  Spanish. 

Bills  of  Lading. — Bills  of  Lading  must  also  be  presented  in  the  Custom  House,  with  the 
Consular  Invoice  and  other  copy  of  invoice.  Bills  of  Lading  must  be  countersigned  by  the 
Cuban  Consul  or  a  fine  of  $3.00  will  be  placed  on  the  goods.  Bills  of  Lading  for  short  shipped 
goods  must  also  be  signed  by  the  Cuban  Consul  or  the  goods  will  J)e  fined. 

Net  and  Gross  Weight. — Net  and  gross  weight  of  package  or  box,  must  be  given  in  the  in- 
voice and  the  net  weight  of  each  article  or  class  of  goods,  stated  separately  in  a  plain  and 
distinct  manner.  Care  should  be  taken  to  have  these  net  weights  correct,  as  most  articles 
or  goods,  pay  Custom  House  duties  by  weight. 

Goods  not  the  Production  of  the  United  States.— ^Goods  and  merchandise  not  the  production 
of  the  soil  or  industry  of  the  United  States  should  be  placed  on  a  separate  Consular  and  com- 
mercial invoice,  as  only  such  goods  as  are  the  production  of  the  United  States  are  entitled  to 
benefit  of  the  Reciprocity  Treaty  between  Cuba  and  the  United  States.  Shipments  of  foreign 
goods  under  $5.00  in  value  Consular  Invoices  not  required.  All  shipments  of  foreign  goods, 
$5.00  or  over  in  value,  Consular  Invoices  must  be  presented. 

Porto  Rican  Goods  and  Articles  the  Production  of  Porto  Rico.— Goods  and  merchandise 
productions  of  Porto  Rico  are  entitled  to  benefit  of  the  Reciprocity  Treaty  between  Cuba  and 
the  United  States  and  may  be  placed  in  invoice  together  with  other  goods  and  productions  of 
the  United  States.     State  in  invoice  "productions  of  Porto  Rico." 

Coffee  Grown  in  Porto  Rico. — Coffee  grown  and  produced  in  Porto  Rico  is  entitled  to  the 
benefit  of  the  Reciprocity  Treaty  between  Cuba  and  the  United  States.  State  in  invoice 
"products  of  Porto  Rico." 

Groceries. — In  sending  such  goods  and  articles  as  groceries  to  Cuba,  care  should  always  be 
taken  to  put  coffee,  tea,  etc.,  on  a  separate  invoice,  as  these  articles  are  not  productions  of  the 
United  States.  Coffee  and  Tea  have  not  been  gronm  in  the  United  Stales  up  to  the  present  time. 
Metals.— Give  different  kind  of  metal  in  Consular  Invoice— brass,  tin,  copper,  iron,  cast 
iron,  steel,  aluminum,  etc.  Every  kind  of  metal  pays  a  different  duty  and  under  different 
paragraphs  of  the  Custom  House  Tariff.  Copper  and  bronze  pay  more  than  other  metals. 
Aluminum  pays  a  high  duty  and  care  should  be  taken  to  have  net  weights  of  articles  manu- 
factured of  aluminum  correct. 

Cast  Iron. — -When  goods  are  manufactured  of  cast  iron  always  state  in  invoice  "cast  iron/' 
as  this  kind  of  iron  pays  much  less  in  the  Custom  House  than  steel  or  other  kinds  of  iron. 

Prices. — Prices  should  not  be  included  or  bunched  together,  but  price  of  every  article  or 
class  of  goods,  given  separately,  as  some  goods  pay  duty  by  weight  and  some  ad  valorem. 

Fabrics.— Give  number  of  pieces,  yards,  factory  mark  or  reference,  and  net  weights.  Care 
should  be  taken  to  have  net  weights  correct.  If  possible  and  convenient  give  number  of  threads 
in  a  square  of  6  millimeters  (M  inch)    and   if  these  threads  are  plain  or   cross  web.     This 


THECUBAREVIEW  17 

information  is  not  necessary, Init  it  is  a  help  to  theCustom  House  broker  in  making  the  Cus'om 
House  Entry,  as  fabrics  pay  Custom  House  duty  in  Cul)a  according  to  the  number  of  thre;:ds 
in  a  square  of  0  millimiters  or  one  fourth  of  an  inch.  Cross  web  fabrics  pay  a  little  more  than 
plain  web.  It  would  also  be  advisable  if  possible,  to  state  if  fabrics  contain  dyed  threads  as 
in  this  case  there  is  a  Custom  House  surtax  of  30%  on  the  goods.  If  any  other  articles  or  goods 
other  than  fabrics  are  contained  in  theshijjments  the  net  weight  and  price  of  these  other  goods 
must  be  given  plainly  and  separately.  In  sending  fabrics  to  Cuba,  samples  should  always  l)e 
sent  apart  from  the  goods,  as  in  the  Custom  House  in  Cuba  samples  are  always  taken  and  send- 
ing the  samples  separately  prevents  goods  from  being  mutilated. 

Mixed  Fabrics. — Mixed  fabncs,  cotton  mixed  with  silk,  wool,  or  any  other  mixture,  should 
be  so  stated  in  the  invoice.  The  principal  material  should  also  be  stated  and  proportion  of  the 
principal  material.  If  proportion  of  principal  is  silk  or  wool  then  goods  pay  duty  ad  valorem 
and  not  In*  threads  as  cotton  goods.  Also  if  goods  contain  one-fifth  or  more  of  silk,  wool,  or 
other  material,  goods  pay  duty  ad  valorem  as  silk  or  wool. 

Ready-Madc  Clothing. — -Give  material,  cotton,  wool,  silk,  etc.,  if  composed  of  mixed  ma- 
terial, and  proportation  of  each.  Do  not  state  in  invoice  u^ool  or  silk,  unless  material  is  act- 
ually ivool  or  silk,  as  those  goods  pay  more  duty  than  cotton  and  other  material.  Ready  made 
clothing  imported  into  Cuba  is  generally  made  of  cotton.  If  possible  and  convenient,  give 
number  of  threads  in  a  square  of  6  millimiters  or  one-fourth  of  an  inch,  the  same  as  for  fabrics. 
Ready-made  clothing  cotton,  in  Cuba  pays  Custom  House  duty  according  to  the  fabric  and 
an  additional  surtax  of  lOO^c  on  the  making.  Care  should  be  taken  to  have  net  weights 
correct.     Ready-made  clothing  is  imported  into  Cuba  in  very  large  quantities. 

Package  and  Packing. — Do  not  invoice  goods  as  placed  in  certain  box  or  package  and  then 
place  in  some  other  box  or  package.     Pack  goods  in  package  as  per  invoice. 

Weights. — The  weights  both  gross  and  net,  should  be  given  in  kilos. 

Storage  Charges. — Five  days  only  are  allowed  after  vessel  arrives  in  Cuba  in  which  to 
present  the  Custom  House  papers  including  Consular  Invoi  e  and  Bill  of  Lading,  and  if  not  so 
presented  heavy  storage  charges  are  placed  on  the  goods.  In  some  ports  only  three  days  are 
allowed.     Send  all  papers  immediately,  including  Consular  Invoice  and  Bill  of  Lading. 

Matches. — Matches  pay  an  internal  revenue  tax  of  two  cents  for  every  200  matches. 
Advisable  to  give  number  of  boxes  and  number  of  matches  per  box. 

Tobacco. — Tobacco  pays  an  internal  revenue  tax.  Care  should  be  taken  to  give  correct 
weights  both  net  and  gross. 

Exaggerated  Values. — Do  not  give  exaggerated  values,  as  many  articles  of  goods  pay  Cus- 
tom House  duty  ad  valorem. 

Porcelain. — In  the  Ignited  States  the  word  ''porcelain,"  is  applied  rather  indiscriminat- 
ingly  to  goods  which  are  not  actually  porcelain,  crockery,  vitrified  clay,  etc.  Some  confusion 
has  been  caused  in  foreign  Custom  Houses  on  account  of  this.  The  real  porcelain  is  this  and 
transparent.  Do  not  invoice  as  porcelain  unless  goods  are  actually  porcelain.  The  foregoing 
applies  particularly  to  insulators  of  vitrified  clay  which  are  often  invoiced  as  porcelain. 

Iron  Bed*. — Iron  beds  are  imported  into  Cuba  in  very  large  quantities,  coming  almost 
entirely  from  the  United  States.  Advisable  to  state  in  invoice  if  beds  have  adornments  of 
brass  or  any  other  material,  as  when  this  is  the  case  the  goods  pay  duty  under  another  para- 
graph of  the  Custom  House  Tariff. 

Machinery. — ^In  shipping  machinery'  to  Cuba  the  class  of  machme,  number  of  machine, 
and  year  of  construction  should  be  given  in  the  invoice.  If  the  factory  is  located  at  an  interior 
point  a  record  should  be  kept  at  port  of  shipment  of  pieces  or  boxes  short  shipped.  Failure 
to  do  this  has  resulted  in  a  vast  amount  of  confusion  in  foreign  Custom  Houses. 

Breaking  the  Official  Tare. — WTien  it  may  be  desired  to  break  the  official  taie  on  any  box 
or  package,  this  may  be  accomplished  by  placing  in  the  box  any  other  small  article  such  as  a 
package  of  tooth  picks,  nails,  etc.  The  value  and  net  weight  of  these  other  small  articles  should 
be  given  in  the  invoice.  In  sending  to  Cuba  such  goods  as  rain  coats,  iron  beds,  brass  beds, 
saddles,  leather  gloves,  harnesses  and  cartridges,  the  official  tare  should  always  be  broken. 


18  THECUBAREVIEW 


Translations  into  Spanish.— Invoices  must  be  translated  into  Spanish  and  presented  in  the 
Custom  House  in  Cuba  together  with  other  papers.  It  is  not  absolutely  necessary  for  an  ex- 
porter in  foreign  country  to  make  out  the  invoices  in  Spanish,  but  the  importer  in  Cuba,  or  his 
Custom  House  broker,  must  make  the  translation  and  present  the  same  in  the  Custom  House. 
When  the  invoices  are  made  in  any  other  language  than  Spanish  it  is  likely  to  cause  some 
delay  in  the  Custom  House  despatch.  Exporters  who  wish  to  build  up  a  prosperous  ])usiness 
in  Spanish-speaking  countries  can  never  make  a  success  unless  they  are  willing  to  send  the 
invoices  in  Spanish. 

Advertising  Matter  Without  Value. — Net  weight  must  be  given  in  the  invoice  and  a  state- 
ment may  be  made  that  articles  have  no  commercial  value.  Estimated  values  must  be  given, 
and  if  this  is  not  done,  the  goods  will  have  to  pay  duty.  Advertising  matter  without  any 
commercial  value,  in  small  quantities,  is  generally  admitted  free  of  duty  in  Cuba. 

Articles  and  Goods  Shipped  by  Other  Parties.— When  an  exporter  in  the  United  States 
combines  in  his  shipment  goods  purchased  or  shipped  by  other  parties,  prices  and  net  weights, 
also  gross  weight  must  be  given. 

,S7, oes. ^Shoes  are  imported  into  Cuba  in  very  large  quantities.  Shoes  in  the  Custom 
House  in  Cuba  are  divided  in  three  classes  as  follows: 

Class  No.  1.  Men's  shoes,  sizes  No.  5  or  larger,  which  pay  duty  at  the  rate  of 
$0.1365  per  pair  and  an  additional  9.1%  ad  valorem. 

Class  No.  2.  boys',  young  men's,  ladies'  and  misses'  shoes,  which  pay  duty  at 
the  rate  of  $0.91  per  pair  and  an  additional  9.1%  ad  valorem. 

Class  No.  3.  children's  shoes.  No.  93^2  and  smaller,  which  pay  duty  at  the 
rate  of  $0,455  per  pair  and  an  additional  9.1%  ad  valorem. 

If  any  other  articles  other  than  shoes,  laces,  buttons,  etc.,  are  shipped  in  the  same  ship- 
ment with  shoes,  the  net  weight  and  value  of  these  other  articles  must  be  given  distinctly 
in  invoice.  In  invoice  give  sizes  of  shoes.  Some  exTJorters  mark  on  the  outside  of  the  box 
the  number  of  pairs  contained  therein,  which  is  a  very  good  idea.  As  shoes  are  a  kind  of 
merchandise  which  often  suffers  loss  en  route,  such  goods  should  be  carefully  packed  and  the 
boxes  wired.  Ship  shoes  in  packages  or  box  as  per  invoice  and  do  not  invoice  as  placed  in 
a  certain  box  while  the  goods  are  actually  placed  in  some  other  box.  In  the  Custom  House 
in  Cuba  for  shipments  of  shoes,  the  shoes  are  counted  pair  by  pair  and  the  Custom  House 
appraiser  and  the  Custom  House  broker  must  both  be  satisfied  that  shipment  is  complete 
and  nothing  lacking. 

Documents  Not  Signed.— The  shipping  documents  for  ex-port  shipments  are  often  sent 
abroad  without  being  properly  signed  and  shipments  have  been  held  up  in  foreign  Custom 
Houses  on  this  account.  Exporters  in  the  United  States  should  see  that  documents  for  export 
shipments  are  properly  signed. 

Documents  in  Duplicate. — In  most  Custom  Houses  all  documents  must  be  presented  in 
duplicate  which  should  be  remembered  by  exporters  in  the  United  States.  This  does  not 
apply  in  general  to  Bills  of  Lading  as  in  mostCastom  Houses, but  one  copy  of  the  Bill  of  Lading 
is  required. 

White  Metal,  Britannic  Metal  and  Nickel— In  sending  to  foreign  countries  goods  man- 
ufactured of  white  metal,  britannic  metal  and  nickel,  do  not  invoice  as  manufactured  ot  such 
material  unless  actually  the  case.  Some  exporters  invoice  goods  as  white  metal,  etc.,  when 
goods  are  manufactured  of  steel  plated.  This  applies  particularly  to  nickel.  Invoices  are 
often  received  stating  that  goods  are  nickel  when,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  the  goods  are  nickel 
plated. 

Packing  List.— The  system  used  by  some  exporters,  particularly  of  machinery,  of  giving 
weights  in  a  packing  list  separate  from  the  invoice,  is  not  satisfactory.  Often  the  packing 
list  is  lost  or  the  owner  of  the  goods  fails  to  send  the  packing  list  to  the  Custom  House  broker 
who  finds  that  he  has  no  data  whatever  of  weights.  It  is  advisable  and  best  to  give  weights 
in  the  invoice  and,  if  desired,  a  packing  list  may  also  be  sent,  but  give  all  necessary  particulars 
and  information  in  the  invoice. 

/p^^gs^—Fines  are  often  placed  in  foreign  countries  on  goods  particularly  for  mistakes 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


19 


in  the  invoice.     In  Cuba  if  it  be  found  that  the  actual  weights  of  goods  is  more  tlian  /50% 
greater  than  the  weight  given  in  the  invoice  the  goods  are  liable  to  confiscation. 

General  Inslructions. — The  correct  making  out  of  invoices  and  other  shipping  documents 
to  Cuba  and  other  countries,  is  not  at  all  a  difficult  matter.  All  that  is  generally  necessary- 
is  to  give  gross  and  net  weight  of  each  box  or  package  and  net  weight  of  each  article  or  class 
of  goods,  and  not  bunch  prices,  but  give  prices  separately.  To  such  firms  and  merchants  in 
the  United  States  who  are  comparatively  new  at  the  export  trade  it  may  appear  a  difficult 
matter,  but  after  a  while  it  will  be  much  easier.  There  are  quite  a  number  of  firms  in  the  United 
States  who  now  enjoy  a  prosperous  trade  with  Cuba  and  who  at  first  made  all  kinds  of  mis- 
takes, but  who  are  now  sending  their  invoices  and  other  shipping  dociunents  very  correctly 
and  nicelv  made  out. 


PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 

Tropical  Agriculture.  By  Earley  Vernon  Wilcox,  of 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
8vo.  Cloth.  $2.50  net.  D.  Appleton  and  Com- 
pany, New  York. 

This  book  is  written  from  the  standpoint 
of  the  general  reader,  business  man  and  agri- 
cultural student.  It  deals  with  tropical 
agriculture  in  the  commercial  sense,  the  pro- 
duction of  things  to  eat,  wear,  and  use  in 
technical  industries.  It  presents  in  a  brief 
form  what  everybody  ought  to  know  about 
the  tropics.  Particular  attention  is  given  to 
the  nature,  source,  and  commercial  import- 
ance of  tropical  products.  The  volume  con- 
tains an  account  of  about  350  tropical  pro- 
ducts of  peculiar  interest  and  commercial 
importance,  and  it  presents  also  an  intelli- 
gible picture  of  animal  industry  in  the  tropics, 
as  well  as  of  climate,  soils,  and  economic 
conditions. 

The  author,  now  an  Administrative  As- 
sistant in  the  States  Relations  Service,  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture,  was  for  six  years 
in  charge  of  the  Hawaii  Experiment  Station. 
Good  general  treatises  on  "Tropical  Agri- 
culture" exist  in  foreign  languages,  and  there 
are  some  large  and  expensive  English  works 
which  give  a  comprehensive  view  of  the  sub- 
ject. American  contributions  are  chiefly 
monographs  on  individual  crops,  such  as 
bananas  and  rubber.  Dr.  Wilcox's  book  is 
the  first  American  publication  to  cover  the 
whole  subject  of  the  crops,  cultural  methods, 
and  livestock  of  the  tropics  in  an  authorita- 
tive and  popular  style. 


The  Inlernaiional   Movement  of  Fertilizers 
and  Chemical  Products  Useful  to  Agriculture." 

Under  this  title  the  International  Institute 
of  Agriculture  in  Rome  has  lately  published 
its  half-yearly  review  on  producing,  trade 
and  consumption  of  chemical  fertilizers,  form- 
ing a  portion  of  the  September  number  of 


the  Bulletin  of  Agricultural  and  Commercial 
Statistics. 

The  75  pages  of  this  review  include  a  con- 
siderable number  of  statistics,  some  official, 
some  from  other  trustworthy  sources.  Phos- 
phatic,  Tyotash  and  nitrogenous  fertilizers  are 
dealt  with,  as  well  as  the  principal  chemical 
products  ^isijul  to  agriculture. 


Aparatos  Destiladores  de  Agua,  published 
by  Eimer  &  Amend,  205  Third  Ave.,  New 
York  City. 

This  booklet  gives  a  full  description  of  the 
various  types  of  apparatus  for  distilling  water. 
It  is  universally  recognized  that  distilled 
water  is  a  very  important  factor  in  laboratory 
analyses  and  also  for  other  industrial  opera- 
tions, as  weU  as  for  domestic  use.  This  appa- 
ratus is,  therefore,  very  important  in  the  mod- 
ern laboratory  and  in  the  modern  industrial 
plants.  In  selecting  a  distilling  apparatus, 
the  following  points  should  be  carefully  con- 
sidered. 

1st. — -The  quality  of  the  product. 

2nd. — The  economy  of  operation. 

Sd.^The  easiness  with  which  it  may  be 
kept  clean. 

4th. — -The  cost  of  upkeep  and  simplicity 
of  operation. 

5th. — The  durability  of  the  apparatus. 

The  Barnstead  distilling  apparatus,  of 
which  this  publication  treats,  is  of  such  types 
as  may  be  heated  by  coal,  natiu-al  gas,  gaso- 
line or  electricity,  and  the  various  sizes  have 
the  capacity  of  producing  one  gallon  per  hoiu- 
up  to  ten  gallons  per  hour. 

Copies  of  this  publication  may  be  secured 
by  application  to  Messrs.  Eimer  &  Amend, 
New  York  City. 


HAVANA 

The  Director  of  the  Census  Department 
has  stated  that  the  census  of  Havana  on  the 
31st  of  May,  1916,  was  359,259. 


20  THECUBAREVIEW 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD   COMPANY 

The  earnings  ot  the  Cuba  Railroad  for  the  month  of  October  and  for  the  four  months 
ended  October  31st  compare  as  follows: 

1916     1915     1914     1913     1912     1911 

October  gross $504,336     $391,108     $277,147      $347,562     $289,812      $257,681 

Expenses 358,438       249,153        161,285        197,393        171,293        154,601 

October  net $145,898  $141,954  $115,862  $150,168  $118,518  $103,080 

Other  income 933         

Net  income 146,832  141,954  115,862  150,168  118,518  103,080 

Fixed  charges 87,091  72,012  70,195  66,791  66,791  60,125 

October  surplus $59,740       $69,942       $45,666       $83,377       $51,727       $42,955 

Fro7n  July  \st. 

Four  months  gross $2,156,599  $1,639,755  $1,317,855  $1,372,873  $1,257,574  $1,037,957 

Four  months  profits ...  .  851,398       718,436       531,742       328,630       256,416       211,375 

Other  income 3,480        

Fixed  charges 348,623       288,306       280,962       267,166       266,888       240,500 

Four  months  .surplus. ..  .  $506,254     $430,129     $250,779     $328,630     $256,516     $211,375 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  of  October  10  Months  to  Oct.  31 

1916             1915             1914  1915             1914 

Gross  earnings $532,358     $463,385     $464,438  $4,572,321    $1,477,642 

Operating  expenses 197,205        188,820       197,301  1,872,659      2,102,600 


Net  earnings 335,153       274,565       267,137     2,699,662      2,375,042 

Miscellaneous  income 11,014         15,083  6,361  92,001  93,365 


Total  net  income 346,167       289,648       273,498     2,791,663      2,468,407 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges.         213,622        182,480       166,131      1,707,328      1,399,361 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  receipts:                          1916             1915  1914             1913             1912  1911 

October  28th .          £30,423       £28,590  £17,792       £18,977       £17,300  £17,899 

November    4th 32,018         26,663  19,152          19,898         20,235  19,818 

November  11th 33,374         26,772  20,022         20,655         20,879  18,619 

November  18th 31,885         26,987  20,947         21,163          19,829  16,261 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


Weekly  receipts: 

October  28th 

November  4th . . . 
November  11th. . . 
November  18th. . . 
November  25th . . . 


1916 

1915 

1914 

1913 

£5,247 

£4,635 

£4,197 

£3,791 

4,945 

4,752 

4,646 

4,080 

5,333 

4,873 

4,975 

4,511 

5,353 

4,586 

4,673 

5,501 

4,625 

4.402 

4,903 

THECUBAREVIEW  21 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAY 

Weekly  receipts:                                                                 1916  1915  1914  1913 

October  28th £9,518  £8,679  £5,614  £6,688 

November    4th •    8,961  7,809  6,106  6,872 

November  11th 7,977  7,876  6,502  7,038 

November  18th 7,641  7,932  7,032  7,376 

November  25th 7,995           9,396  8,073  7,451 


CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


PREVAILING   PRICES   FOR   CUBAN   SECURITIES 

As  quoted  by  Lawrence  Turnure  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Bid.  Asked. 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 923^  OBJ^^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 98^  99J^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 963^  9&% 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  434%  Bonds  of  1949 86  88 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 103  105 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101  103 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 94  97 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 95  96 1^ 

Cuba  Co.  6%  Debenture  Bonds 99J^  1003^ 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 100  lOlM 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 94  95 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Preferred  Stock 1063^  109 3^ 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Common  Stock 102  105 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100  none 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 100  110 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 150  200 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 102  102 3^ 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 65  70 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  Mtge.  Bonds 92  95 

All  prices  of  bonds  quoted  on  an  and  interest  basis. 


NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA  NEW  INCORPORATIONS 

The  National  Bank  of  Cuba  has  declared  Central  Sugar  Corp'n,  general  sugar  plan- 

a  semi-annual  dividend  of  4   per    cent,  plus  tation,  refinery,  tobacco,  fruits,    coffee,  other 

an  extra  dividend  of  1  per  cent.       The  Bank  products,  30,000  shares  of  $100  each,  80,000 

of  Cuba  in  New  York,   which  opened    for  shares  of  no  par  value,  carry  on  business  with 

basiness  in  May  of  this  year,  declared  a  di\-i-  .$3,400,000  (tax  paid,    $5,500);    F.  J.  Bomm, 

dend  of  4  per  cent.,  payable  January  2.  F.  S.  Connett,  H.  P.  Dubois,  37  Wall  St. 


CUBA  CANE  SUGAR  CORPORATION 


Cane  Sugar   Inverting   Co.,   Jersey    City, 

At  the  annual  meeting  of   the  Cuba  Cane       manufacture    inverted    cane    sugar,     .$2,000; 

Sugar  Corporation  on  Jan.  8  the  b\ -laws  will       He/mar    L.    Meyer.s,    Jersey     City;     H.    L. 

be  amended  to  decrease  the    number  of  di-      Franck,    Brooklyn;  I.   W.   Parmenter,   New 

rectors  from  twenty-four  to  twenty-two.  York. 


22  THECUBAREVIEW 


THE  CUBAN-AMERICAN  SUGAR  COMPANY 


ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEAR   ENDED  SEPTEMBER  30.   1916 

The  production  of  raw  sugar  for  the  year  was  268,310  tons  (of  2,000  pounds)  as  compared 
with  236,401  tons  for  the  year  ending  September  30,  1915.  While  the  tonnage  of  cane  ground 
was  less  then  in  the  previous  year,  the  production  of  raw  sugar  was  the  largest  in  the  history 
of  the  Company;  due  to  favorable  weather  conditions  the  percentage  of  sucrose  in  the  cane  was 
exceptionally    high. 

The  operations  of  the  raw  sugar  mill  at  Gramercy,  La.,  were  suspended  in  the  fall  of  1915. 
It  was  found  more  advantageous  to  dispose  of  the  cane  elsewhere. 

The  tonnage  of  cane  ground  and  the  year's  output  of  raw  and  refined  sugar  for  the  last  two 

years  appears  in  the  following  table: 

1915-16  1914-15 

Cane  ground 2,188,047  tons  2,218,168  tons 

Rmv  Sugar  Production .  (flags  320 Lbs)           {Bags  320  Lbs) 

Chaparra 623,040  525,088 

Delicias 436,889  315,872 

Tin-uaro            248,536  236,956 

Unidad 116,547  84,472 

Mercedita 76,521  93,617 

Constancia 175,407  196,055 

Gramercy,  La -5,447 

Total         1,676,940  1,477,507 

or  268,310  tons  or  236,401  tons 

Refined  Sugar  Production.: 

Cardenas  Refinery,  Cuba 24,996,597  lbs.  14,713, 144  lbs. 

Gramercy  Refinery,  La 117,513,196  lbs.  154,954,482  lbs. 

The  net  profit  ot  the  Company  for  the  fiscal  year  amounted  to  $8,235,112.39,  after  deduct- 
ing $729,338.68  for  depreciation  on  Buildings,  Machinery  and  Equipment.  Ample  provision 
has  been  made  for  doubtful  Colonos'  Accounts  and  for  the  year's  proportion  of  the  cost  of 
original   plantings. 

During  the  fiscal  year  $768,408.69  has  been  expended  on  the  acquisition  of  additional  lands 
in  Cuba,  consisting  of  virgin  cane  lands  adjoining  the  extensive  territory  of  Chaparra,  and  of 
the  Asuncion  Estate,  adjacent  to  Mercedita.  The  latter  purchase  strengthens  and  completes 
Mercedita  with  a  cane  supply  commensurate  with  this  modern  and  efficient  house. 

The  total  acreage  now  owned  and  leased  by  the  Company  is  as  follows: 

Acres  In  Cane       Per  Cent 


Owned 448,640 


Leased 


146,579  32 

16,713  7,815  47 

465,353  154,404  33 

These  lands  have  been  carefully  acquired  during  a  periotl  of  sixteen  years.  While,  as 
shown,  one-third  is  devoted  to  cane,  a  necessary  part  is  devoted  to  pastures  and  other  uses; 
there  remain  available  for  such  further  development  as  the  company  may  elect  to  make  in  the 
future,  over  one  hundred  thousand  acres  of  fertile  soil,  expecinlly  suitable  for  cane. 

During  the  year  improvements  of  the  plants  have  involved  the  expenditure  of  $1,902,018.11 
on  factory  buildings,  mills  and  machinery,  dwellings  and  SL'hools,  new  warehouses,  railroad 
extensions  and  equipment. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


The  detailed  appraisal  of  the  company's  buildings,  machinery  and  equipment  referred  to 

in  the  last  annual  report  has  been  made,  and  these  now  stand  at  $17,800,140.80,  based  on  normal 
and  not  on  existing  values  of  material  and  labor.  After  the  deduction  of  .SI, 827,448. 13  made  as  a 
result  of  this  appraisal,  and  01  $.339,.5.59. 2 1  expended  during  the  year  on  special  replacements 
to  maintain  the  factories  in  their  most  efficient  state,  the  reserve  to  meet  general  depreciation, 
which  is  carefull}'  provided  for  in  every  budget,  is  now  .13,932,041.09,  or  about  22  per  cent,  of 
the  book  value  of  buildings  and  machinery. 

KeguJar  quarterly  dividends  of  1%  per  cent,  were  paid  on  the  preferred  stock,  and  quart- 
erly dividends  of  2J^'2  per  cent,  were  paid  on  the  common  stock;  an  extra  cash  dividend  of  10 
per  cent,  on  the  common  stock  and  a  distribution  of  conomon  capital  stock  equivalent  to  40  per 
cent,  were  declared  to  owners  of  common  capital  stock,  both  payable  October  2,  1910. 

During  the  year  .1307,000  of  The  Cuban-.\merican  Sugar  Company's  Six  Per  Cent.  Bonds 
were  retired  by  the  operation  of  the  Sinking  Fund  Provisions,  making  a  total  of  $1,2.51,000  of 
these  bonds  retired  in  this  manner,  leaving  outstanding  on  September  30,  1910,  .$8,749,000. 

The  outlook  for  the  apprt^aching  campaign  is  satisfactory.  The  factories  have  been  enlarged 
and  strengthened,  and  the  work  of  the  mills  will  doubtless  surpass  all  previous  experience.  The 
fields  present  an  aspect  of  unusual  promise,  and  the  supply  of  cane,  as  well  as  the  output  of 
sugar,  should  exceed  any  former  year's  record. 

THE  CUBAN-AMERICAN  SUGAR  COMPANY  AND  ITS  SUBSIDIARY  COM- 
PANIES CONSOLIDATED  BALANCE  SHEET.  SEPTEMBER  30,   1910. 

Capital  Assets :  ASSETS. 

Lands $8,572,497.40 

Buildings,  machiner}',  railroad  tracks,  rolling  stock,  etc.  .  .  .      17,800,140.86 

$26,372,644.20 

Goodwill 3,929,340.28 

Securities  in  hands  of  trustees 2,000.00 

Work  animals,  live  stock  and  equipment 951,440.84 

Current  Assets  and  Growing  Cane: 

Planted  and  growing  cane $1,429,406.09 

Advances  to  Colonos  and  contractors  (after  deducting  re- 
serve for  bad  and  doubtful  accounts) 1, 400,648. 6i) 

Inventory  of  raw  materials,  supplies  and  merchandise  in 

stores 2,41.5,281.32 

Stock  of  raw  and  refined  sugar 1,417,564.21 

Accounts  and  bills  receivable  (after  deducting  reserve  for  bad 

and  doubtful  accounts)  .  .  .  : 1,335,810.22 

Cash  in  banks,  with  fiscal  agents  and  on  hand 5,772,128.74 


Deferred  Charges  to  Operations: 

Bond  discount $83,990.00 

Unexpired  insurance,  ta.xes,  etc 148,703.85 


13,770,899.27 


232,093.85 

$45,259,627.50 
LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock: 

Common(authorized,  $10,000,000)  71,356  shares  of  $100  each     $7,135,600.00 
Seven  per  cent,  cumulative  preferred  stock  (authorized  $10,- 

000,000)  78,938  shares  of  $100  each 7,893,800.00 

$15,029,400.00 

Stock  distribution,  payable  Oct.  2,  1910,  to  holders  of  common  capital  stock.  .        2,854,240.00 

Common  stock  of  Colonial  Sugars  Company  in  hands  of  the  public 2,000.00 

Collateral  trust  bonds  outstanding,  due  April  1,   1918 8,749,000.00 

Real  estate  mortgages  and  censos  (Cuban) 472,125.34 


24  THECUBAREVIEW 


Current  liabilities: 

Bills  payable $567,958.47 

Bankers  loans 1,313,716.67 

Accounts  payable 1,156,095.85 

Salaries  and  wages  accrued 52,215.29 

Interest  accrued 282,965.39 

Dividends  declared,  payable  October  2,  1916 1,030,091.50 

4,403,013.17 

Sinking  fund  for  redemption  of  bonds 257,522.87 

Reserve  for  depreciation 3,932,641.09 

Surplus  per  annexed  statement 9,559,0.d5.03 

$45,259,627.50 

CONSOLIDATED  PROFIT  AND  LOSS  ACCOUNT, 
For  the  Year  Ended  September  30,  1916. 

Raw  and  refined  sugars  produced,  less  commissions,  etc $26,320,942.60 

Molasses  produced 492,334.07 

Profit  on  stores,  cattle,  etc 530,851.34 

$27,344,128.01 

Less: 
Expenses  of  producing,  manufacturing,  selling,  etc.,  of  raw  and  refined  sugars      17,718,657.32 


,625,470.69 


Deduct: 

Provisions  for  depreciation $729,338.68 

Discount  on  bonds 61,866.00 

Interest  on  l)onds 529,530.00 

Interest  on  bills  payable,  etc 69,623.62 

1,390,358.30 

Net  profit  for  the  year $8,235,112.39 

CONSOLIDATED  SURPLUS  ACCOUNT, 

For  the-  Year  Ended  September  30,  1916. 

As  at  October  1,  1915 .$6,28.5,790.14 

Add: 
*Collateral  trust  bonds  cancelled  through  the 

sinking  fund  (see  below) $367,000.00 

Profit  for  the  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1916,  per 

annexed  account 8,235,112.39 


8,602,112.39 
$14,887,902.53 


Deduct : 
Dividends  on  7  per  cent,  preferred  stock: 
Paid  Jan.  3,  1916  for  three  months  to  Jan.  1, 

1916—134% $138,141.50 

Paid  April  1,  1916,  for  three  months   to  April 

1,  1916—1^% 138,141.50 

Paid  July  1,  1916,  for  three  months  to  July  1, 

1916— 1M% 138,141.50 

Paid  October  2,   1916,  for  three  months  to 

October  1,  1916-1  M% 138,141.50 


$552,566.00 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW  25 

Dividends  on  common  stock: 

Paid  January  3,  1918,  for  three  months  to  Jan- 
uary 1,  1916—21^% $178,390.00 

Paid  April  1,  1916,  for  three  months  to  April 

1,  1916—23^% 178,390.00 

Paid  July  1,  1916,  for  three  months  to  July  1, 

1916—23^% 17S,:]90.0() 

Paid  October  2,    191G,  for  three  months  to 

October  1,  1916— 2  J^% 178,390.00 

Paid  October  2,  1916— special  dividend— 10%      713,560.00 

— 1,427,120.00 

Common   capital  stock  distribution  payable 

Octol)er  2,  1918 2,854,240.00 

Sinking  fund  provisions  for  the  cancellation  of 

collateral  trust  bonds  (see  above) 494,921.50 

5,328,847.50 


Surplus  at  September  30,  1916 .$9,559,055.03 

*  In  October,  1916,  bonds  of  the  par  value  of  $2.53,000  were  retired  out  of  the  Sinking  Fund  for  Redemption 
of  Bonds,  which  are  not  included  in  the  $367,000  shown  obove. 


EIGHTH  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  NIPE  BAY  CO. 


By  the  act'on  of  the  stockholders  taken  at  the  meeting  held  at  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  on  Dec. 
8,  1915,  the  fiscal  year  of  the  company  was  changed  so  that  it  would  end  on  September  30, 
instead  of  June  30,  and  the  report  herewith  submitted  covers  the  period  of  fifteen  months  ended 
September  30,  1916: 

INCOME  ACCOUNT. 

Net  earnings  from  sale  of  sugar  for  the  year(taxes  deducted)  were $2,687,966.78 

Miscellaneous  earnings 34,568.31 

Total  net  earnings $2,722,535,09 

Interest  charges:  on  debentures $218,450.00 

on  mortgage  bonds 218,750.00  437,200.00 

Balance  net  income ■ .$2,285,335.09 

Dividends 383,034.00 

Balance  surplus  for  year $1,902,301.09 

Surplus  brought  forward  from  close  of  previous  fiscal  year 1,178,059.74 

Total  surplus $3,080,360.83 

Direct  charges  to  income  account 871,298.49 

Balance  surplus  September  30,  1916 $2,209,062.34 

The  net  earnings  due  to  the  high  prices  for  sugar  which  ruled  during  the  period,  are  the 
best  that  the  company  has  ever  reported. 

The  production  during  the  period  amounted  to  146,262,400  pounds  of  sugar  and  3,223,906 
gallons  of  molasses  as  compared  to  120,247,960  pounds  of  sugar  and  3,114,041  gallons  of 
molasses  for  the  previous  fiscal  year.  This  production  was  somewhat  less  than  was  anticipated 
earlier  in  the  year,  and  was  considerably  affected  by  an  excessive  rainfall  during  the  spring  and 


26 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


summer  which  prevented  the  regular  cuttmg  and  hauhng  of  cane  to  tlie  railroads,  thus  necessi- 
tating the  closing  of  the  mill  at  frequent  intervals.  As  this  condition  has  existed  for  the  past 
two  seasons  it  seems  reasonable  to  hope  that,  under  the  law  of  averages,  better  results  wiU  be 
realized  next  year. 

The  company's  cultivations  were  purposely  situated  near  a  range  of  hills  with  a  view  to 
overcoming  the  shortage  of  water  which  is  experienced  at  some  of  the  neighboring  plantations. 
The  results  obtained  to  date  in  ordinarily  dry  seasons  have  been  good,  but  in  order  to  insure  a 
regular  supply  of  cane  for  the  mill  every  season,  future  planting  will  be  so  located  that  it  will 
be  available  when  the  present  fields  are  not  workable.  Additional  planting  contemplated  for 
the  commg  year  will,  it  is  believed,  afford  sufficient  cane  for  the  future  under  all  contingencies. 

The  machinery  necessary  for  the  mstallation  of  the  third  unit  in  the  company's  mill 
originally  contemplated,  has  been  ordered  a^nd  should  be  working  in  time  for  the  1918  crop. 
Necessary  improvements  to  the  two  units  now  in  operation  to  bring  them  up  to  the  same  stand- 
ard of  efficiency  as  the  new  third  unit  wll  also  be  made  so  that  by  1918  the  company  should 
be  in  a  position  to  produce  from  160,000.000  to  190,000.000  pounds  of  sugar  each  year. 

INVESTMENTS. 

During  the  period  the  company  acquired  from  the  United  Fruit  Company  a  one-half 
interest  in  the  Revere  Sugar  Refinery,  which  company  is  at  present  constructing  a  new  lefinery 
on  land  owned  by  it,  situated  at  tidewatei,  on  the  Mystic  River  in  CharlestouTi,  Mass.  This 
refinery  will  have  the  most  modern  machinery  that  can  be  installed  and  wdll  have  capacity 
sufficient  to  handle  the  greater  part  of  the  sugar  which  mil  be  produced  at  both  Pieston  and 

Banes,  Cuba.  i  j  •     • 

A  charge  was  made  against  Income  Account  during  the  year  to  cover  special  depreciation 
on  cultivations  and  plantation  equipment  in  Cuba,  in  conformity  to  conservative  inventories 
adopted  by  this  company  and  the  United  Fruit  Company  and  its  subsidiaries. 

STOCK  AND  DEBT. 

Under  the  plan  submitted  to  the  stockholders  on  March  5,  1915,  for  the  retirementof  the 
preferred  shares  through  an  exchange  for  common  shares,  only  121  preferred  shares  remained 
outstanding  on  September  .30,  since  when  five  additional  .shares  have  been  exchanged. 

On  June  1,  1916,  $200,000  6%  debentuies  were  redeemed,  leaving  a  balance  outstand- 
ing of  $2,766,000  which  mature  on  June  1st,  1917. 

COMPARATIVE  STATEMENT  OF  INCOME  ACCOUNT  FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEARS 
ENDED  SEPTEMBER  30,  1916,  AND  JUNE  30,  1915. 

1916  1915 

Incovie  Accowil                                        15  Months  12  Months  Increase 

Net  earnings  ftaxes  deducted) .$2,687,966.78  .$2,164,717.84  $523,248.94 

Miscellaneous  income 34,568.31  9,264.99  25,303.32 

Total  income $2,722,535.09     $2,173,982.83        .$.548,552.26 

Less :  Interest  charges 437,200.00  389,769.11  47,430.89 

Balance  net  income $2,285,335.09     $1,784,213.72        .$501,121.37 

Dividends  declared •  .  383,034.00  360,-508.00  22,,526.00 

Surplus  for  fiscal  year $1,902,.301.09     $1,423,705.72        $478,595.37 

Surplus  income  at  close  of  previous  year 1,178,059.74  134,644.79       1,043,414.95 

Total  surplus $3,080,360.83     $1,558,350.51     $1,-522,010.32 

Xess:  Direct  charges  to  profit  and  loss 871,298.49  380,290.77  491,007.72 

Balance  surplus $2,209,062.34     $1,178,059.74     $1,031,002.60 


THECUBAREVIEW  27 

Comparative  Statement  of  Cultivation  and  Lands  Owned  by  the  Company  on  September  30, 

191G,  and  June  30,  1915. 

Acreage 

Cultivations:  1916  1915 

Sugar  cane 24,709  23,248 

Pasture 13,711  13,702 

Total  acres  cultivated  lands 38,420  30,950 

Improved  land  other  than  cultivation 5,796  5,68S 

Unimproved  land 83,573  85,151 

Total  acres  land  owned 127,789  127,789 

Comparative  Statement  of  Live  Stock  Owned  by  the  Company  on  September  30,  1916,  and 

June  30,  1915. 

Cattle:                                Description  1916  1915 

Cows 428  312 

Bulls 696  324 

Oxen 1,727  1,979 

Stecis 145  154 

Calves 327  196 

Heifers 124  120 

Total 3,447  3,085 

Horses  and  Mules: 

Stallions 30  29 

Mares 51  40 

Geldings 169  153 

Colts 21  41 

Mules 193  158 

Asses 1  1 

Total 465  422 

Comparative  Statement  of  Railways  and  Equipment  Owned  by  the  Company  on  September 

30,  1916,  and  June  30,  1915. 

1916  1915 

Miles  of  road  (gauge  4  feet  8}i  inches) 87  .24  76 .93 

Equipment : 

Number  of  Baldwin  locomotives 11  11 

Number  of  cars: 

(Mostly  steel  frames;    capacity    40,000    poimds    each, 
equipped  with  automatic  couplers  and  air  brakes) .  . 

Cane 341  335 

Flat 56  42 

Gondola 10  7 

Tank 4  3 

Box 4  4 

Repair 1  1 

Pile  driver 1  1 

Dump 4  — 

Miscellaneous 6  5 

427  398 


28 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


COMPARATIVE  BALANCE  SHEET.    SEPTEMBER   30.  1916.  AND  JUNE  30.   1915 


ASSETS: 

Cost  of  property 

Plantation  equipment: 

Buildings 

Cultivations 

Livestock 

Tools  and  machinery . 

Railways 

Telephones 

Boats 

Wharves 

Merchandise 

Material 

Sugar  mill 


1916 


1915 


Investments 

Current  assets: 

Cash 

Accounts  receivable 

Sugar  and  molasses  stock.. 

Coupon,  dividend  and  trus- 
tee accounts 

Advance  pajTnents 


$785,516.32 

1,321,578.93 

207,517.00 

231,479.30 

1,676,945.83 

9,875.05 

13,255.46 

62,227.72 

200,886.68 

186,888.24 

1,400,000.00 


$2,076,416.95 
368,331.58 
151,457.60 


$4,396,006.00 

$891,387.27 
1,498,876.79 
177,654.00 
337,926.18 
1,384,740.00 
23,833.06 
23,395.06 
100,969.63 
142,984.54 
225,034.53 
6.096,170.53;    1,621,077.79 


$4,396,006.00 


Increase. 


LIABILITIES: 
Capital  stock: 

Common 

Preferred 


340,339.51 


2,596,206.13 

1,581.00 
23.19 


$1,286,840.40 
192,421.22 
175,843.68 


$13,430,326.36 


Tunded  debt: 

First  mortgage  5%  Sink- 
ing fund  gold  bonds,  due 
May  1,  1925 

Ten  Year  6%  gold  deben- 
tures, due  June  1,  1917. 

Unclaimed  dividends,  unpaid 
coupons,  and  matured 
notes,  not  yet  presented 
for  payment 

Current  Liabilities: 

Accoimts  payable 

Drafts 

Dividends  payable 

Interest  accrued,  not  due.  . . 
Income  account 


$4,490,400.00 
12,100.00 


$3,500,000.00 
2,766,000.00 


6,427,878.85 


(/$105,870.95 
dl77,297.86 

29,863.00 
(il06,446.88 

292,205.83 

(il3,958.01 

dl0,139.60 

(B8,741.91 
57,902.14 

^38,146.29 
^221,077.79  4331,708.32 


141,250.00 


1,655,105.30 

2,185.00 
41,728.08 


$12,664,153.23 


$4,272,100.00 
$4,502,500.00      230,400.00 


$3,500,000.00 
6,266,000.00,  2,966,000.00 


$789,576.55 
175,910.36 
rf24,386.08 


$4,502,500.00 


$218,300.00 
(^218,300.00 


199,089.51 


941,100.83 

rf604.00 
rf41,704.89 


$766,173.13 


6,466,000.00 


4200,000.00 


$166,959.41 
64,316.45 
90,110.50 


3,141.00 


321,386.36 

128,236.66 
2,209,062.34 


$90,208.15 

10,780.68 

360,508.00 


$13,430,326.36 


4200,000.00 


12,100.00 


461,496.83 

43,996,66 
1,178,059.74 


$12,664,153.23 


$76,751.26 

53,535.77 

d270,397.50 


4,959.00 


(Z140,l  10.47 

84,240.00 
1,031,002.60 


$766,173.13 


d  Decrease. 


THECUBAREVIEW  29 

REPORT  OF  THE  CONDITION  OF  THE  BANK  OF  CUBA  IN  NEW  YORK 

at  the  close  of  business  on  the  29th  day  of  November,  IDlti. 

Resources 
Stock  and  bond  investments,  viz: 

Public    securities,  market    value $152,505.55 

Loans  and  discounts  secured  by  collateral 537,691.48 

Loans,  discounts  and  bills  purchased  not  secured  by  collateral 424,556.93 

Due  from  appioved  reserve  depositaiies,  less  amount  of  offsets 154,998.79 

Specie 80,000.00 

United  States  legal  tender  notes  and  notes  of  national  banks 21,156.76 

Customers'  liability  on  acceptances  (see  liabilties,  per  contra) 37,139.71 

Other  Assets,  viz: 

Fiu-niture  and  fixtures $1,729.25 

Accrued  interest  not  entered  on  books  at  close  of  business  on 

on  above  date 5,792.23 

— 7,521.48 

Total $1,415,570.70 

Liabilities 

Capital  stock $100,000.00 

Surplus  on  market  value: 

Surplus  fund $50,000.00 

Undividend  profits 15,008.63 

— 65,008.63 

Deposits  not  preferred: 

Deposits  subject  to  check $846,932.40 

Time  deposits,  certificates  and  other  deposits,  the  payment  of 

which  cannot  legally  be  required  within  thirty  days 303,185.87 

Demand  certificates  of  deposit 15,232.44 

Cashier's  checks  outstanding,  including  similar  checks  of  other 

officers 14,000.00 

Certified  checks 31,276.47 

——       1,210,627.18 
Acceptances  of  drafts  payable  at  a   future  date  or  authorized   by 

commercial  letters  of  credit 37,139.71 

Accrued  interest  not  entered  on  books  at  close  of  business  on  above 

date 2,795.18 

Total $1,415,570.70 


CUBAN    COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


COTTON  FABRICS  AND  READY-MADE  CLOTHING  IN  CUBA 

Cotton  goods  are  imported  into  Cuba  in  very  large  quantities.  In  the  last  few  years 
American  manufacturers  of  cotton  goods  have  made  decided  gains  in  the  Cuban  market  although 
even  yet  the  American  exporter  of  cotton  goods  does  not  do  as  well  as  he  ought  in  a  market 
which  is  right  at  his  door  and  where  his  goods  receive  preference  in  the  Custom  House.  Ready- 
made  cotton  clothing  imported  into  Cuba  comes  almost  entirely  from  the  United  States  and 
American  ready-made  clothing  in  Cuba  is  considered  as  the  very  best.  The  ready-made  cloth- 
ing imported  into  Cuba  does  not  consist  entirely  of  common  goods  and  working  men's  clothing, 
but  considerable  quantities  of  goods  of  a  better  grade  are  irnported,  also  ladies'  clothing.  Cham- 
bray,  klaaki  and  drill  shirts  and  trousers,  denim  overalls  and  similar  goods  are  imported  into 
Cuba  in  large  quantities,  coming  mostly  from  the  United  States  and  the  American  exporter 
about  controls  the  Cuban  market  as  far  as  such  goods  are  concerned.     Ready-made  clothing 


30  THECUBAREVIEW 

of  silk  and  wool  and  mixtui-es  of  these  goods  are  also  imported.      The  foUo-ning  table  p^ives 
importations  of  cotton  goods  into  Cuba  for  the  fiscal  year  1914-1915. 

IMPORTATION  OF  COTTON  GOODS  INTO  CUBA,  FISCAL  YEAR  1914-1915. 

From  the 

Articles.  Total  United  States. 

Yarn  and  thread $338,116  $36,740 

Plain  weave  fabrics 4,233,932  1,847,698 

Crossed  woven  fabrics 2,053,067  820,369 

Knit  goods 1,355,915  299,142 

Carpets 2,390  868 

Laces : 445,536  8,980 

Fancy  goods 52,556  23,196 

Piques     24,128  10,567 

Ready-made  clothing 527,083  390,326 

Velvet                     138,823  50,730 

Tulles 69,225  12,293 

Other  manufactures  of  cotton 345,651  74,866 

Total $9,586,422  $3,575,775 

Instructions  for  Shipping  Ready-Made  Clothing  to  Cuba. — Gross  and  net  weight  of  box  or 
package,  must  be  given.  In  the  Cuban  Custom  House  cotton  goods  pay  duty  according  to  the 
number  of  threads  in  a  space  of  six  milometers  or  one-fourth  of  an  inch.  A  surtax  of  100%  is 
placed  on  ready-made  cotton  clothing  and  siu-tax  of  30%  for  colored  threads  on  both  ready- 
made  clothing  and  fabrics.  If  the  goods  contain  silk,  wool,  or  any  other  material,  a  surtax  is 
placed.  If  the  mixture  of  silk,  wool,  or  any  other  material,  exceeds  one-fifth  of  the  threads  then 
the  fabric  or  goods,  are  considered  as  silk  or  wool  and  pay  duty  ad  valorem.  In  sending  ready- 
made  cotton  clothing  to  Cuba  the  shipper  may, if  he  wishes,  give  number  of  threads  in  a  space  of 
six  milimeters  and  if  the  goods  are  crossed  or  plain  woven.  This  information  is  not  absolutely 
necessary,  but  is  a  help  to  the  Custom  House  and  to  the  broker. 

Invoices. — -In  the  invoices  for  ready-made  clothing  to  be  sent  to  Cuba,  the  shipper  should 
always  give  net  weight  separate  of  each  class  or  lot  of  goods,  and  the  reference  mark  or  nmnber. 
Ready-made  clothing  almost  always  has  a  reference  mark  which  is  attached  to  the  garment  by 
a  tag.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  goods  which  may  appear  similar,  when  they  are  placed  under 
the  thread  countei  it  is  found  that  the  number  of  threads  is  different  and  goods  pay  at 
different  rates.  When  the  net  weights  of  different  lots  of  ready-made  clothing  are  bunched 
together,  it  means  that  every  lot  must  be  weighed  in  the  Custom  House,  which  causes  a  vast 
amount  of  delay  in  the  Custom  House  despatch. 

Cardboard  Boxes.— W\\ei\  ready-made  cotton  clothing  is  shipped  to  Cuba  in  cardboard 
boxes  the  net  weight  of  these  cardboard  boxes  should  be  given  separately.  This  may  result  in 
considerable  saving  in  duties  to  the  buyer. 

Instructions  for  Shipping  Cotton  Fabrics  to  Cuba. — The  insti-uctions  for  shipping  readj^-made 
clothmg  to  Cuba  apply  also  to  fabrics  except  that  for  fabrics  samples  should  always  be  sent. 
In  the  Cuban  Custom  House  samples  of  cotton  fabrics  are  always  taken  and  sending  samples 
avoids  the  piece  of  goods,  being  mutilated  and  facilitates  the  work  in  the  Custom  House.  The 
trade  in  Cuba  for  American  cotton  goods  is  rapidly  increasing  and  it  is  a  market  which  is 
worthy  of  careful  attention. 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 

Total  values  of  merchandise  imported  from  and  ex-ported  to  Cuba  during  October  and  the 
10  months  ended  October,  1916,  compared  with  corresponding  periods  of  the  preceding  year 
were  made  public  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  of  the  Department  of 
Commerce,  as  follows: 

Month  of  October  10  months  ended  October 

1916       1915         1916       1915        1914 

Imported  from  Cuba. .   $16,608,357    $8,292,505  $218,193,437  $177,083,869         

Exported  to  Cuba ...  .     15,888,169      9,980,041  128,985,646       73,128,406     $56,4.52,170 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


31 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


PLANTATION  WHITE  SUGAR 

^\There  is  no  doubt,  that  one  effect  of  the 
war  will  be  to  enormously  stimulate  the  pro- 
duction of  what  is  known  as  plantation  white 
sugar,  in  contradistinction  to  the  white  sugar 
made  by  refineries.  The  want  of  power  in 
British  refineries,  which  can  only  cope  with 
50  per  cent  of  what  is  wanted  in  the  form  of 
white  sugar  by  the  British  consumer,  led,  be- 
fore the  War,  to  the  introduction  of  German 
and  Austrian  white  sugar  to  an  enormous  ex- 
tent. Thus  in  1913  no  less  than  660,000  tons 
of  white  sugar  came  from  these  countries  in 
one  form  or  another.  It  cannot  for  one 
moment  be  thought  that  this  sugar  will  come 
again  into  this  comatry,  if  it  comes  at  all,  on 
the  same  terms  as  the  produce  of  our  own 
colonies,  or  even  of  neutral  countries.  The 
gap  will  therefore  have  to  be  filled  either,  as 
at  present,  with  American  refined  and  white 
plantation  sugar  from  the  Java  factories,  or 
else  with  preferentially  treated  sugar  from 
our  existing  exporting  colonies,  or  from 
colonies  which,  perfectly  adpated  for  the 
manufacture  of  sugar,  have  not  dared  to  in- 
itiate its  production  in  the  face  of  the  cheap- 
ened-by-protection  products  of  Austria  and 
Germany. 

At  the  present  time  the  main  countries 
making  white  sugar  direct  from  the  cane  are 
the  Brazils,  Louisiana,  Java,  and  Mauritius. 
The  Brazil  product,  which  is  used  entirely  for 
local  purposes,  is  manufactured  in  such  a 
manner,  and  is  of  such  a  character,  that  the 
process  of  manufacture  employed  hardly  en- 
ters into  the  general  question.  For  all  prac- 
tical purposes,  therefore,  the  three  other 
countries,  Louisiana,  Java,  and  Mauritius, 
may  be  regarded  as  the  present  homes  of 
plantation  white  sugar. 

The  successful  manufacture  of  plantation 
white  sugar  depends  upon  two  factors — the 
clarification  and  the  treatment  of  the  masse- 
cuites. 

As  regards  clarification,  the  process  em- 
ployed may  be  divided  into  two  classes — ■ 
those  dependent  on  "sulphitation,"  or  the 
use  of  sulphurous  acid  to  neutralize  the  lime, 
and  those  in  which  carbonic  acid  is  used  for 
this  purpose,  lime  in  white  sugars,  as  well  as 
ail  other  sugars,  being  the  basis  of  clarifica- 
tion. 


In  the  typical  sulphitation  process  the  juice 
is  treated,  when  cold  with  quantities  of  lime 
larger  than  would  be  used  in  the  manufactiu'e 
of  sugar  for  refining  purposes,  the  excess  of 
which  is  neutralized  by  the  introduction  of 
the  gas  formed  by  burning  sulphm-  in  the  air, 
the  body  formed  being  converted  into  sul- 
phiu'ous  acid  on  contact  with  the  juice. 
Sometimes  the  lime  is  added  first,  sometimes 
the  sulphur  gas;  but  in  each  case  the  resultant 
effect  is  neutralization,  or  nearly  so,  a  slight 
acidity  being  sometimes  left.  The  juice  is 
now  raised  to  boiling  point,  boiled  vigorously, 
and  subsided,  the  clear  liquor  going  to  the 
evaporator,  and  the  mud,  as  usual,  to  the 
filter  presses. 

There  are  several  variants  of  the  above 
process.  It  may  be  that  the  settling  of  the 
mud  is  facilitated  by  the  addition  of  phosphor- 
ic acid,  or  phosphate  of  soda,  to  the  juice,  of 
the  clear  liquor  is  slightly  acidified  with 
phosphoric  acid  and  cleaned  in  "ehminators." 
A  common  system  also  is  to  boil  the  sjTup, 
subside  it,  and  sulphur  slightly;  while  a 
modern  method  of  sulphitation — the  Bach 
process,  which  is  highly  spoken  of — provides 
for  the  treatment  of  the  juice  in  the  first 
instance  with  only  so  much  lime  and  sulphur, 
or  lime  alone,  as  would  be  required  for  ordin- 
ary clarification,  the  determining  treatment 
being  applied  to  the  syrup,  which  is  heavily 
limed,  sulphured,  boiled  and  filtered.  This 
treatment  causes  the  s\Tup  to  become  easily 
filterable.  The  clear  syrup  is  again  slightly 
sulphured,  so  as  to  give  it  the  necessary 
acidity  for  bright  sugar.  In  Louisiana  also, 
the  clarified  juice  is  generally  filtered  through 
bag  filters,  and  in  some  cases  continuous  set- 
tling of  the  clarified  juice  is  done. 

In  the  other  class  of  clarification  for  white 
sugar,  the  carbonatation  class,  carbonic  acid, 
as  already  mentioned,  is  the  medium  used  for 
neutralizing  the  lime.  In  single  carbonata- 
tion, the  lime,  in  large  quantity — as  much  as 
lioWi  per  cent,  on  the  canes  being  used — is 
added  to  the  cold  juice,  and  after  the  tem- 
perature of  the  juice  has  been  raised  to  be- 
tween 120  deg.  F.  and  130  deg.  F.,  carbonic 
acid  gas  is  forced  into  the  juice  until  the  juice 
is  neutral.  It  is  now  boiled  and  filtered 
through  filtering  presses,  the  clear  juice 
going  to  the  evaporator. 


32 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


A  modification  of  this  process  is  one  in 
which  the  clear  liquor,  after  filtration,  is  made 
slightly  acid  by  being  ''sulphured,"  and  it  is 
claimed  that  by  this  process,  which  is  called 
the  "acid  thin  juice"  process,  a  much  brighter 
sugar  results  than  with  the  ordinary  car- 
bonation  process. 

In  the  double  carbonation,  the  process  of 
carbonating  is  divided  into  two  stages.  The 
juice  is  heavily  limed,  as  in  the  single  car- 
bonatation  process,  and  is  then  heated  to  140 
deg.  F.,  at  which  stage  carbonic  acid  gas 
is  added  until  a  slight  but  definite  alkalinity 
is  left.  It  is  then  filtered  through  filter  presses 
and  the  filtered  juice  is  again  treated  with 
carbonic  acid  until  the  juice  is  neutral.  The 
juice  is  now  boiled  and  filtered. 

A  modification  of  this  process  is  that  of 
Battelle,  in  which  the  juice  is  raised  to  the 
boil  after  the  lime  is  added,  in  order  to  destroy 
the  glucose.  It  is  now  carbonated  to  neutral- 
ity, and  filtration  effected.  The  clear  juice 
is  now  slightly  limed  again,  carbonated 
to  neutral  point,  boiled,  and  filtered.  The 
benefits  claimed  for  this  process  are:  firstly, 
that  there  is  no  danger  of  discoloration  of  the 
juice  from  partial  glucose  destruction  during 
carbonatation;  and,  secondly,  that  the 
Steffen  process  can  be  used  to  obtain  the 
sugar  from  the  molasses,  which  are  practically 
completely  exhausted  of  sugar  by  this  means, 
the  Steffen  process  treats  the  molasses  with 
dry  lime,  forming  an  insoluble  saccharate  of 
lime,  which  is  filtered  and  used  for  clarifica- 
cation  purposes,  the  sugar  in  the  saccharate 
re-entering  the  juice  in  this  way. 

In  the  De  Haan  modification  of  tfip  double 
carbonatation  process,  the  necessary  alkaline 
reaction  of  the  first  carbonatation  is  obtained 
from  the  commencement  by  adding  the  lime 
and  carbonic  acid  at  the  same  time  to  a 
continuous  flow  of  juice.  The  objectionable 
frothing  is  thus  avoided. 

The  above  gives  an  outline  of  the  various 
clarification  processes  in  vogue  in  the 
present-day  manufacture  of  white  sugar  direct 
from  the  cane  juice.  The  other  part  of  the 
manufacture  which  plays  an  important  part 
in  the  white  sugar  manufacture  is  the  method 
of  treatment  of  the  massecuites,  and  the  great 
imderlj'ing  principle  is  that  of  double  curing. 
In  this  the  massecuite  is  cured  without  the  aid 
of  water  in  one  set  of  centrifugals,  the  sugar 
made  into  a  magma  with  washings  from  the 
second  curing,  and  cured  again  in  a  second  set 


of  centrifugals,  in  which  the  necessary  wash- 
ing and  steaming  is  done,  the  resultant  white 
sugar  going  to  a  drier,  while  the  washings  go 
partly  to  form  the  magma  mentioned  above, 
with  the  balance  back  to  either  the  syrup  or 
the  clarified  juice.  The  drier  prevents  any 
likelihood  of  the  sugar  deteriorating  in  a 
moist  climate. 

The  great  advantages  of  this  system  are 
that  the  molasses  proper  are  kept  separate 
from  the  washings  and  steamings,  while  at 
the  same  time  the  formation  of  the  magma 
greatly  facilitates  the  subsequent  washing 
of  the  sugar.  It  may  he  mentioned  that  the 
molasses  massecuites,  which  are  invariably 
built  on  grain  from  syrup,  are  treated  in  the 
same  manner. 

An  important  point  in  connection  with  the 
subject  under  review  is  that  of  the  relative 
cost  of  the  clarification  processes.  This,  of 
course,  must  vary  according  to  the  local 
price  of  the  chemicals  employed  and  of 
labor.  As  a  guide,  the  following  figures, 
given  by  Dr.  Prinsen  Geerligs,*  are  of  value 
as  representing  the  Java  conditions.  In  these 
the  cost  of  the  ordinary  sulphitation  and 
double  carbonatation  are  compared.  Taking 
1,000  tons  of  canes,  the  cost  of  chemicals  and 
labor  for  the  clarification  departments  are: 

Sulphitation      Carbonatation 
Chemicals.  ..     £  5     12     11  £31     17      0 

Wages 1     16     10  6       3      5 


Total 7       9       9  38       0     5 

Or  if  nine  tons  of  canes  are  taken  to  the  ton 
of  sugar,  the  relative  cost  would  be  a  little  over 
1/8  per  ton  and  8/6  respectively,  a  difference 
of  nearly  7 /-per  ton  against  the  carbonatation 
process. 

Another  matter  of  the  greatest  importance 
is  the  effect  of  the  process  upon  the  extraction 
of  sugar.  In  this  connection  Dr.  Geerligs 
again  gives  information,  also  from  Java. 
Taking  the  sulphitation  yield  as  100,  he  gives 
that  of  double  carbonatation  as  100.32  of 
De  Haan's  process  100.64,  and  of  the  Bach 
sulphitation  process  100.96,  a  difference  dis- 
tinctly in  favour  of  the  latter. 

There  is  one  advantage  in  the  sulphitation 

ystem  which  must  not  be  overlooked,  and 

hat  is  that  at  any  moment  a  sulphitations 

plant  can  be  turned  on  to  the  make  of  grey 

sugar  if  required  in  the  ordinary  manner. 

■  *"The  Manufacture  ofWhite  Sugar,"  Norman  Roger, 
2  St.  Dunstan's  Hill,  E.  C. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


33 


In  the  foregoing  nothing  has  been  said  as  to 
the  refining  of  raw  sugar  in  a  rawsugarfactory, 
meaning  by  refining,  the  treatment  of  the  raw 
sugar  by  a  distinct  process  from  that  by  which 
it  was  made.  Up  to  recently  the  only  way 
of  doing  this  has  been  to  decolorize  the  melted 
sugar  by  means  of  animal  charcoal.  For 
a  tropical  sugar  factory  this  is  placed  outside 
practical  politics  on  account  of  the  cost  of 
freight  of  the  animal  charcoal,  or  char,  as  it  is 
called.  Even  for  high-class  raw  sugars,  a  ton 
of  this  is  required  for  every  ton  of  sugar,  and 
the  freight  of  this  would  form  an  imenter- 
tainable  item  in  the  cost  of  manufacture. 
The  introduction  into  the  sugar  world, 
however,  of  Xorite,  which  belongs  to  the  class 
of  bodies  called  decolorising  carbons,  puts  an 
altogether  diffeient  aspect  on  the  case.  This 
body,  which  is  prepared  by  the  carbonizing 
of  wood,  is  in  an  extremely  fine  state  of  sub- 
division, and  a  small  quantity,  varj-ing  from 
2  per  cent,  to  5  per  cent.,  according  to  the 
color  of  the  sugar  treated  is  said  to  be 
sufficient  for  the  purpose.  It  can  also  be 
manufactured  on  the  spot,  and  the  cost  of 
freight  thus  saved. 

Were  a  Norite  refining  plant  attached  to  a 
raw  sugar  factory,  a  raw  sugar  of  a  rather 
higher  standard  than  the  ordinary  16  D.S.  96° 
polarization  would  have  to  be  made  by  the 
latter.  The  position  in  relation  to  directly 
produced  plantation  white  sugar  would  be  as 
follows : 

The  manufacture  of  the  raw  sugar  would 
mean  less  cost  of  chemicals  and  fuel,  less  wear 
and  tear  of  machinery  where  the  comparison 
is  made  with  a  sulphitation  sugar,  and,  what 
is  important,  at  least  1  per  cent,  more  sugar 
extracted  from  the  sugar  in  the  juice.  .\s 
against  this,  there  would  be  cost  of  the  Norite 
refining,  with  a  rather  higher  cost  for  fuel 
than  in  a  home  refinery,  but  with  no  super- 
vision expenses.  The  sugar  turned  out 
should  be  of  first  class  quality  and  constant 
in  character,  which  plantation  white  sugar 
is  not. 

Unfortunately,  at  the  present  moment  there 
is  no  e\ddence  on  a  working  scale  of  what 
Norite  vnW  do  by  itself  in  the  direction  of 
decolorizing  raw  sugars.  It  is,  it  is  true,  used 
by  some  of  the  sugar-using  trades  in  this 
counl^y,  and  as  an  adjunct  to  existing  "char" 
plants  in  some  refineries,  but  its  adaptability 
to  the  entire  work  of  a  refinery  has  yet  to  be 
demonstrated.     The    complete    adaptability 


of  Norite  for  refining  purposes  is,  therefore, 
still  sub  judice.  Attempts  have  been  made  to 
adapt  it  to  raw  cane  juice,  but,  as  might  be 
exi)ected  when  the  amount  of  color  to  be 
dealt  with  and  the  considerable  impurities 
of  an  organic  character  to  be  associated  with 
are  considered,  up  to  now  the  working  has 
not  l^een  a  success. 

In  conclusion,  it  must  be  borne  in  iinnd  that 
the  character  of  the  juice  to  be  dealt  with  is 
an  important  factor  in  the  choice  of  a  process. 
Some  juice  will  yield  leadily  to  a  sulphitation 
process;  others  may  recjuire  the  more  strenu- 
ous double  carbonatation  pioces,s.  But  what- 
ever be  the  character  of  the  juice,  the  economic 
production  of  white  sugar  for  direct  consimip- 
tion  is  ^vithin  the  reach  of  every  cane  sugar 
producing  concern.  For  success,  however, 
every  department  of  the  factory  must  be 
thoroughly  well  equipped.  The  clarification 
plant  must  be  on  a  scale  to  deal  with  the  worst 
class  of  juice  it  is  required  to  handle — not  with 
the  average,  as  is  usually  the  case  in  a  raw 
sugar  factory.  The  vacuum  pan  power  must 
be  ample,  and  there  must  be  no  question  of 
hot  boiling  from  faulty  vacua  or  structural 
defects.  The  centrifugal  plant,  also,  must 
be  of  full  capacity,  and,  of  course,  the  boiler 
power,  so  as  to  place  out  of  the  question  any 
dragging  or  inefficient  work  for  want  of  steam. 
And  the  work  must  be  thoroughly  supervised 
by  a  proper  scientific  staff.  The  treatment 
of  the  juices  in  clarification  requiies  constant 
skilled  watching,  and  the  boiling  of  the  various 
massecuites  equally  skilled  observation  as  to 
quotients. 

With  the  manufacture  of  ordinary  raw 
sugars,  a  slight  variation  in  color  does  not 
affect  the  price.  With  the  manufacture  of 
white  sugar,  it  does  not  take  much  to  bring 
about  a  depreciation  of  £2  per  ton  in  pi  ice. 
But  the  reward  for  thoroughness  is  high 
quality  of  sugar,  big  extraction  from  the  canes, 
and  a  substantial  balance  in  the  bank. 
■ — -The  West  India  Committee  Circular. 


INCORPORATED.  N.  Y. 

Sugar  Planters'  Corp.,  sugar  and  other 
plantations,  sugar  centrals,  factories,  re- 
fineries, 7,500  shares,  $100  each,  7,500  shares 
no  par  value,  carry  on  business  with  .S787,500; 
D.  Bailey,  L.  J.  Francke,  J.  S.  Fiske,  27 
WiUiam  Street. 


34 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


A  Specimen  of  the  Sugpr  Cane  Rai.^ed  at  "  Palmurejo,"  Oriente,  Cuba. — Courtesy  Julian 

Cendoya. 


SUGAR  CROP  ESTIMATES  The  Havana  Sugar  School  recently  closed 

Messrs.    Joaquin-Guma-Leandro    A'ejer,    of  its  session  for  1916, and  fourteen  sugar  engi- 

Havana,  December  11,  1916:  "^ers  were  graduated. 
"The  new  1916-17  Cuba  sugar  crop  is  esti- 
mated at  3,572,571  tons." 

Mr.  H.  A.  Hiinely,  of  Havana,   estimates 

the  Cuba  crop  at  3,466,000  tons.  i^ugar  estates  in  Cuba  which  sold  for  from 

Willett  &    Gray's  Cuba  crop  estimate  is  $20,000  to  $30,000  before  the  war,  are  now 

unchanged  at  3,400,000  tons.  selling  at  $125,000  and  $150,000. 


THECUBAREVIEW  35 


THE  SUGAR   REVIEW 


Specially  icrilten  for  the  Cuba  Review  by  Willelt  &  Gray,  New  York. 

Our  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  November  6,  1916. 

At  that  date,  Cuba  Centrifugal  sugar  C()°  test  basis,  was  quoted  5%c.  c  <k  f,  and  is  now 
4%c.  c  &  f,  showing  decline  during  the  month  of  ^4('.  per  lb.  for  the  cost  and  freight  basis. 

On  November  Sth,  SV^c.c  &f  was  reached.  At  this  point  the  market  remained  steady  until 
November  14th,. when  3^c.  decline  was  made  to  5^c.  c  &  f  followed  on  the  23d  by  a  decline  to 
5.00c.  c  &  f  (having  given  ten  days  of  nominal  market).  The  tone  of  the  market  having  changed 
to  weakness,  J^c. further  decline  came  on  the  24th,  to  4%c.  c  &  f  and  to  4%c.  c  &  f  on  the  28th 
of  November,  since  when  the  market  remained  steady  until  December  6th,  when  it  improved 
Kec.  to  4%c.  c  &  i  and  closes  quiet  at  this  writing. 

The  interest  now  changes  from  the  spot  market  to  the  future. 

The  beginning  of  the  1917  Cuba  crop  was  announced  on  December  4th,  by  two  centrals, 
the  "Tinguaro"  and  the  "Ciego  de  Avila,"  tollowed  by  a  third  on  the  6th.  It  was  also  announced 
on  the  6th  that  the  grinding  of  the  Porto  Rico  crop  had  begun. 

Thus  far,  estimates  of  the  Cuba  crop  have  not  been  given  out  by  the  Cuban  experts,  but 
an  increase  of  400,000  to  500,000  tons  is  generally  looked  for  if  weather  conditions  prove- 
favorable  throughout  the  season.  In  this  connection,  it  may  be  interesting  to  yoiir  readers  to 
note  the  average  monthly  prices  cost  and  freight  New  York,  obtained  for  the  1916  crop  which 
can  be  used  as  a  partial  guide  to  the  course  of  the  market  for  the  1917  crop.  In  January,  1916, 
the  lowest  average  of  1916  was  made  at  3.633c.  c  &  f.  We  may  note,  however,  that  in  October, 
1915,  the  average  had  been  3.104c.  per  lb.  The  February,  1916,  average  was  3.92c  c  &f.;  March, 
4.597c.;  April,  5.0S2c.;  May,  5.42c.;  June,  5.313c.;  July,  5.293c.;  August,  4.626c.;  September, 
4.497c.;  October,  5.269c.;  November,  5.271c.  A  comparison  of  these  prices  with  the  closing  bids 
on  the  New  York  Sugar  Exchange  at  this  date  (December  7th)  may  have  significance  to  planters 
and  operators  if  able  to  apply  them;  January,  4.26c.;  February,  4.01c.;  March,  3.97c.;  April, 
3.9ec.;  May,  4.00c.;  June,  4.03c.;  July,  4.07c.;  August,  4.09c.;  September,  4.12c.;  October, 
4.15c.;  November,  4.18c. 

It  is  noticeable,  that  simultaneously  with  the  beginning  of  grinding  in  Cuba,  the  real  busi- 
ness of  the  new  campaign  began,  after  a  few  scattering  sales,  by  the  British  Commission  making 
purchases  of  100-150,000  tons  Cuba  sugar  tor  January-April  deliveries  at  3.50c.  to  3.60c.  per 
lb.  f  .o.b.,  Cuba,  and  at  the  same  time  the  American  Sugar  Refining  Co.  took  an  equal  amomit  at 
the  basis  of  4i/^c.  c  &  f ,  New  York,  for  similar  shipments. 

Thus  the  new  campaign  is  fully  inaugurated  at  the  basis  of  3.50c.  to  3.60c.  f.o.b.  Cuba  and 
43/8C-  c  &  f  New  York  tor  early  deliveries.  The  refiners'  purchases  have  been  made  to  secure  a 
certain  amount  of  supplies,  not  easily  obtained  otherwise,  for  their  anticipated  trade  at  home 
and  abroad  early  in  the  new  year,  yet  it  by  no  means  follows  that  the  price  rise  for  the  cam- 
paign will  begin  at  those  quotations,  but  rather  in  view  of  the  crop  starting  without  weather 
delays,  and  the  production  rapidly  accumulating  after  the  present  month,  there  may  prove  to 
be  a  lower  point  from  which  the  real  campaign  may  start,  say  from  3%c.  and  33^2C.  c  &  f . 

Refined  sugar  has  ruled  at  relatively  higher  prices  than  raws,  but  the  local  demand  is  ex- 
tremely limited  and  several  refiners  are  closing  their  houses  for  balance  of  December,  rather 
than  buy  raws  at  current  quotations. 

Cane  Fine  Granulated  is  quoted  today  at  7.20c.  less  2%. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

New  York,  December  7,  1916. 


SUGAR    SHIPMENTS  MAURITIUS_SUGAR 

It  is  reported  in  the  press  that  Great  Britian  It  is  reported  that  the  entire  sugar  crop  of 

has    purchased    3,675,000    sacks    of    Cuban  Mauritius,    about    180,000    tons,   has    been 

sugar  and  that  the  Government  of  Portugal  purchased  on  behalf  of  the  French  Govern- 

has  purchased  6,000  tons  of  Cuban  sugar.  ment. 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 


Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willetl  &  Gray,  de  Nueva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  reseiia  para  esta  publicaci6n  eStaba  fechada  el  6  de  noviembre  de  1916. 

En  aquella  fecha,  el  aziicar  Centrifugo  de  Cuba,  polarizaci6n  S6°,  se  cotizaba  a  5Jiac.  la 
libra  costo  y  flete,  y  ahora  se  cotiza  a  4"i6C.  c.  y  f.,  mostrando  una  baja  durante  el  mes  de  ^c. 
la  libra  bajo  la  base  de  costo  y  flete. 

El  9  de  noviembre  el  precio  llego  d,  5J^c.c.yf.,d  cuyo  punto  el  mercado  permanecio  estable 
hasta  el  14  de  noviembre,  en  que  tuvo  lugar  una  baja  a  5^c.  c.  y  f.,  6  sea  una  disminucion  de 
3^c.,seguido  el  23 por  otrabajadS.OOc.c.  yf.  (habiendohabido  diez  dias  deun  mercado  nominal). 
Habiendo  cambiado  el  mercado  a  un  tono  mas  flojo,  el  dia  24  bajo  a  4J^c.  c.  y  f.,  6  sea  otra 
disminucion  de  3^c.  y  A  4%c.  c.  y  f .  el  28  de  noviembre,  permaneciendo  estable  el  mercado  desde 
entonces  hasta  el  6  de  diciembre,en  que  subi6  jiec,  6  sea  A  4%c.  c.y  f.,  cerrando  con  un  mercado 
quieto  al  escribir  esta  resena. 

Lo  interesante  cambia  ahora  del  mercado  actual  al  mercado  del  futuro. 

El  principio  de  la  molienda  de  la  zafra  de  Cuba  de  1917  fue  anunciado  el  4  de  diciembre 
por  dos  centrales,  el  "Tinguaro"  y  el  "Ciego  de  x4.vila,"  seguido  de  un  tercero  el  dia  6.  Tambi^n 
se  anuncio  el  dJa  6  que  habia  empezado  la  molienda  de  la  zafra  de  Puerto  Rico. 

Hasta  ahora,  los  peritos  de  Cuba  no  han  emitido  cdlculos  acerca  de  la  zafra  de  Cuba,  pero 
se  espera  generalmente  un  aumento  de  400,000  d  500,000  toneladas  si  el  tiempo  llega  a  ser 
favorable  durante  toda  la  estacion.  En  este  respecto,  podra  interesar  a  los  lectores  el  fijarse  en 
el  promedio  mensual  de  los  precios  costo  y  flete  Nueva  York,  obtenidos  por  la  cosecha  de  1916, 
lo  cual  puede  tomarse  en  parte  como  guia  para  el  curso  del  mercado  para  la  cosecha  de  1917. 
En  enero  de  1916  se  llego  al  promedio  mas  bajo  durante  el  ailo  1916,  6  sea  a  3.633c. c.yf.  Sin 
embargo,  podra  observarse  que  enoctubre  de  1915  el  promedio  habia  sido  3.104c.  la  libra;  el 
promedio  en  febrero  de  1916  fuc  3.92c. c.yf.;  en  marzo, 4.597c.;  en  abril, 5.082c.;  en  mayo, 5.42c.; 
en  junio,  5.313c.;  en  julio,  5.293c.;  en  agosto,  4.626c.;  en  septiembre,  4.497c.;  en  octubre, 
5.269c.;  y  en  noviembre,  5.271c.  Una  comparaci6n  de  estos  precios  con  las  ultimas  ofertas  en 
la  Bolsa  de  Azucar  de  Nueva  York  d,  esta  fecha  (7  de  diciembre)  podrd  tener  significancia  para 
los  plantadores  y  corredores  si  saben  aplicarlos,  a  saber;  enero  4.26c.;  febrero  4.01c.;  marzo, 
3.97c.;  abril,  3.99c.;  mayo  4.00c.;  junio  4.03c.;  -julio,  4.07c.;  agosto  4.09c.;  septiembre  4.12c.; 
octubre  4.15c.,  y  noviembre  4.1Sc. 

Es  de  notarse,  que  simultaneamente  con  el  comienzo  de  la  molienda  en  Cuba,  empez6  el 
verdadero  movimiento  de  la  campaiia  azucarera,  despues  de  unas  cuantas  ventas  irregulares, 
haciendo  la  Comision  Britdnica  compras  de  100  a  150,000  toneladas  de  azucar  de  Cuba  para 
entregas  de  enero  a  abril  al  precio  de  3.50c.  A,  3.60c.  la  libra  libre  il  bordo  Cuba,  y  al  mismo 
tiempo  la  American  Sugar  Refining  Company  adquirio  una  cantidad  igual  bajo  la  basa  de  4^/30. 
c.  y  f.  New  York  para  embarques  tambien  para  esas  fechas. 

Asi  es  que  la  nueva  campaiia  azucarera  se  ha  inaugurado  por  completo  bajo  la  base  de 
3.50c.  d  3.60c.  libre  a  bordo  Cuba  y  43/8C.  c.  y  f.  Nueva  York  para  tempranas  entregas.  Las 
compras  de  los  refinadores  han  sido  hechas  para  asegurar  cierta  cantidad  de  existencias,  que 
no  podrlan  conseguirse  facilmente  de  otro  modo,  para  su  anticipado  comercio  en  el  pais  y  en  el 
extranjero  a  principios  del  nuevo  ano,  y  sin  embargo  eso  de  ningiin  modo  quiere  decir  que  el 
alza  de  precios  para  la  nueva  campaiia  empezara  a  esas  cotizaciones,  sino  que  mas  bien  en  vista 
de  que  la  cosecha  empieza  sin  demoras  d  causa  del  tiempo  y  se  acumulen  rdpidamente  las  exis- 
tencias despues  del  mes  actual,  podrd  resultar  que  la  verdadera  campaiia  empiece  a  un  punto 
mds  bajo,  digamos  desde  3%c.  y  S^c.  c.  y  f. 

El  azucar  refinado  ha  regido  d,  precios  relativamente  mds  altos  que  el  azucar  crudo,  pero  la 
demanda  local  es  sumamente  limitada  y  varios  refinadores  estan  suspendiendo  sus  operaciones 
por  el  resto  de  diciembre  antes  que  comprar  azucares  crudos  a  las  cotizaciones  corrientes. 

El  azucar  fino  granulado  de  caiia  se  cotiza  hoy  d  7.20c.  menos  2%. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Nueva  York,  diciembre  7  de  1916. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


Cable  Address   "Turnure" 


New  York— G4— 66  Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi- 
dends and  Interest.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 
Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain ,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 
and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS : 


HAVANA— N.  Celata  y  Ca. 

PUERTO  RICO — Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto  Rico 


LONDON — The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 
PARIS— Heine  et  Cie. 


iPorque  Compra  Usted  Agua 

Destilada  Pagando  lOCentavos 

el  Galon? 

/^UANDO  puede  hacer  agua  mds  pura  por 
meno.s  de  un  centavo  el  galon  emple- 
ando  uno  de  nuestros  Alambiques  de 
Laboratorio  No.  70  para  ga.s. 

Precio  del  Alambique  de  Laboratorio,  No. 70 
$50.  Un  Alambique  de  cobre  niquelado  para 
Droguistas,  de  una  capacidad  de  un  galon 
la  hora,  cuesta  solamente  .S28.00,  6  de  }4 
galon  la  hora,  .S17.0(). 

Se  envirara  folleto  con  todos  particulares 
al  solicitarnoslo. 

EIMER  &  AMEND 


205-211   Third  Avenue 

Establecida   en    1851 


NEW  YORK 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 
P.  O.   BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 

We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


JAMES  S.  CONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable   Address,   "Tide,  New   York" 


RAILS 

James  M.  Motley,  71  Beaver  St.,  New 
York  City,  offers  6,000  tons,  first  quality 
52  lb.  relaying  rails,  together  with  complete 
angle  bars,  these  available  for  prompt 
shipment. 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  tinting  to  Advertisers 


38 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and   Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


THE  NEW  JERSEY  ASBESTOS  CO. 


HOME  OFFICE: 

WATER  ST..  NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 

BRANCHES: 
Philadelphia,   Baltimore,    Allentown 


Patent  "V"  Pilot  Packings  recom- 
mended for  High  Pressure  Steam  and 
Ammonia. 

Cable  Address:    "Gladiatrix,"  New   York 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1  WALL  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptances.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


LINK-BELT  COMPANY  BLOWS  IN   NEW 
FURNACE 

The  fifth  furnace  at  the  Belmont  p'ant  of 
the  Luik-Belt  Co  ,  Indianapolis,  was  blown 
in  the  middle  of  December,  adding  materially 
to  the  capacity  for  producing  malleable  Link- 
Belt.  Extensive  buildin.g  operations  at  the 
Belmont  works  have  been  completed,  and 
the  manufacturing  activities  reorganized  to 
keep  pace  with  the  increasing  demand  for 
Link-Belt  for  all  conveying,  elevating  and 
])ower  transmission  purposes. 


W.  A,  MERCHANT 
J.  T.  MONAHAN  - 
CHAS.  F.  PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES 


President 
Vice-President 
Casliier 
Asst.  Cashier 


LA  MAYA  VALLEY  LAND  AND  IMPROVE- 
MENT  COMPANY 

This  Company  announces  that  it  has  been 
decided  to  redeem  the  entire  outstanding 
issue  of  the  10  years  7%  gold  debentures, 
redemption  to  be  made  on  December  31st, 
1916.  These  bonds  are  to  be  redeemed  at 
the  rate  of  105,  and  should  be  presented  for 
redemption  to  the  Columbia  Trust  Company 
of  New  York. 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  writing  to  Advertisers 


THECUBAREVIEW  39 

POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,  80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL   STATION  from 
5  A.  M.  to  8  P.  M.       Last  train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every   hour    daily    from     CENTRAL  STATION  from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.     Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) $0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Cabanas  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brass 

Castings.     Light  and  Heavy  Forgings.     All  kinds  of  Machinery  Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

JAS.  s.  BOQUE,  supt.  MOBILE,    ALA. 


ESTABLISHED  1852                      ROHLIG     &     CO  INQUIRIES  REQUESTED 

FORWARDING    AGENTS 

BREMEN                                         BREMERHAVEN  HAMBURG 

Knoohenhaueretr.  16-17                                     am  Hafen  113  Alsterdamm  14-15 

GENERAL   AGENTS    OF    MUNSON    STEAMSHIP  LINE,    NEW  YORK 

UNDERTAKING    TRAFFIC    ALL    OVER    THE    WORLD  AT    LOWEST    RATES 
THROUGH  RATES  TO  AND  FROM  EVERY  PLACE  PROVIDED  ON  APPLICATION 


Telephone,  33  Hamilton.     Night  Call.  411  Hamilton.       ,  Cable  Address:     "Abiworka,"  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forginits.Iron  and  Brass  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,   Oil  Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter  and   Joiner    work 

11-27  IMLAY  STREET       /Near  Hamilton  Ferry  BROOKLYN,  N.   Y. 

Afents  for  "KinKhorn"  Multiplex  Valve 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE 


TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 


CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $325,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Correapondanc*  Solicitad   from 
I  n  t  •  n  d  1  n  s       I  n  ▼  •  ■  t  o  r  a 

OFFICERS 
Norman  H.  Davit      -     -     .     .     .     President 
Oswald  A.  Homsby   -     -     -     -  Vice-President 

Claudio  Q.  Mendosa       -     •     -  Vice-President 
J.  M.  Hopgood     ------    Treasurer 

Rogelio  Carbajal  ------     Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner    -     -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Dept. 


P. 

RUIZ 

® 

BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

MOTOR  GUINCHE  EL  "COLONO" 

Un  substitute  moderno  para  los   BUEYES 
de  la  antiguedad 


MAS  ECONOMICO 

MAS  SEGURO 

MAS  RAPIDO 

CUESTA  POCO 

Especialmente   para  los    trasbordadores   de 
Vild,  Quinones,  Castellon 

Pidanse  precios  y  pormenores 
COMPANIA  AGRICOLA,  Monserrate  10,  Habana 
6  EL  COLONO  WINCH  CO.,  106  Wall  St.,  N.  Y. 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO    EN   1869 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Active  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  Sts. 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en   Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espafia  6  Islaa  Canarias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables.  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

&    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeros  en  Libras 

Esterlinas   6   Pesetas,    valederas   estas   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la   Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -     -     -     OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established   1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the  Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi- 
ness— Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


DELAWARE  CHARTERS 

Cuban-American  Telephone  and  Telegraph 
Company,  build,  erect,  and  operate  tele- 
phone and  telegraph  stations,  $2,500,000; 
W.  J.  Neilan,  L.  H.  Gunter,  George  V.  Reilly 
of  New  York. 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1 

P.  M.  P.  M. 


10.30 


* 
A. 

17 
M. 

10.00 
A.M. 
12.00 
4.40 

9.00 
10.55 

5.28 


8.50 

10.20 

P.M. 

1.00 

10.00 
11.00 


P.M. 


No.l7 

P.M. 


5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 


No.  3 

P.M. 


3.10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.M. 

3.00 

3.30 


P.M. 


No.  7  No.  5   ^ 
A.M.  A.M.I  S 


10.01    7.40 
11.58  10.10 


4.40 
8.40 


6.45 
P.  M. 


12.33 


3.38 
6.45 


6.40 
8.00 


10.30 
P.M. 


Havana 


Lv .  .  Central  Station . .  Ar. 

Ar. .  .  .Matanzas Lv. 

At  ...  .  Cardenas Lv. 

Ar Sagua Lv. 

At  ... .  Caibarien Lv. 

Ar.  . .  Santa  Clara.  . . .  Lv. 
At.  .  .  Cienfuegos Lv. 


Ar.  .SanctiSpiritus.  .  .Lv. 

Ar.  .Ciegode  Avila.  .  .Lv. 

Ar . .  .  .Camaguey.  .  .  .  Lv. 

Ar Antilla Lv. 

Ar.  Santiago de Cuba.  Lv. 


No.  2  No.18  No.  4  No.  8  No.  6  No.lO 

A.M.  A.M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  P.M.  A.M. 


7.36    9.13 


5.31 
12.45 
P.  M. 
8.00 
5.30 
A.M. 
12.10 


6.45 

5.00 

A.M. 


P.M. 
8.25 

7.35 

4.55 

A.M. 

7.40 

6.55 


A.M. 


2.06 


12.00 
9.12 


6.20 


1.55 
P.M. 
11.20 

2.30 
2.00 


P.M. 


6.39 


4.44 
1.05 


12.00 
8.20 


8.00 

A.M. 


9.05    6.20 


6.28 
4.25 


1.00 


9.15 

8.48 


6.15 
A.M. 


10.00 
P.M. 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


From  Havana  to  Berth  Compartment. 

Cienfuegos $3.00                  .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00               $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50                10.00 

Antilla 5.00                14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00                14.00 


Drawing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 

THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


U.  S.  Cy. 
AntiUa $23.33 


Batabano . 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

Cienfuegos 

Colon 

Guantanamo . . . 
Holguin 


1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines 

Madruga , 

Manianillo 

Matanzas 

Placetas 

[  Remedios 

Sagua , 

San  Antonio 

Sancti  Spiritus 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S.  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  leas  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 

''WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  frona  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Svmday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  "WEEK=END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Send  thrM  oenta  in  stamps  for  "Cuba — A  Winter  Paradise,"  a  beau-    ITnltofl    Railwavc    nf     HavAtm 
tiful  illusUated  booklet  desoribing   interesting  trips    in  Cuba  to     WOllCU    IVOUWajTS    Ul     naTaiU 

FRANK  ROBERTS,  General  Passenger  Agent.  Prado,   118,  Havana,  Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET,  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Importacidn    directa    de    todas    los 
centros  manufuclureros   del  mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vaporcs  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Harcelona,  Espana 
Independcncia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS,  CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 

OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

112      Wall      Street,      New      York 

Near   South   Street 

yard.-  56-58  Beard  Street.  Erie  Basin 

Telephones: 

Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING   ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
Piers,  Bridges,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


We  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all   classes    of   contracting    work    in    Cuba. 

New  York  Oflice: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Munro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,   New    York 
Telephone,  2492  South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 
Maritime   Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar  Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock       BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  push  the  sales  of 

American  high  class  products.    Would 

represent  a  first  class  firm 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEV,  CUBA 


M.  J.  CABANA 


COMMISSI  ON 
MERCHANT 


P.  O.  Box  3,  Camaguejr 

Handles  all  lines  of  merchandise  either  on  a  uom- 
mission  basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  east- 
ern Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoslef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Miohelsen 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshlpApts&ShipBrokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

CabU:   "B«nMM«" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertitert 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


S.S.   MUNAMAR 

NEW  YORK-EASTERN  CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER   AND  FREIGHT 

Steamer 

MUNAIMAR 

MUNAMAR 

MUNA.MAR 

Svecial  through  rates  quoted  to  Xurvilos  passmgirs  via  the-  SS.  MUN^AMAR  arul 
Antilla. 

FREIGHT   ONLY 
Regular  fortaightly  sailings  for  Matanzas,  Cai'denas,  Sagua,  Caibarien,  Pto.  Padre, 
Slanati,  Banes,  Gibara  and  Xuevitas. 


Xew  York 

Antilla 

Antilla 

Xew  York 

Leave 

Arrive 

Leave 

Arrive 

Jar.        20 

Jan.        24 

Jan.        27 

Jan.        31 

Feb.         :! 

Feb.         7 

Feb.       10 

Feb.       14 

Feb.       17 

Feb.       21 

Feb.       24 

Feb.      28 

MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

SS.  CRATHEUS — Havana,  Cardenas,  Caibarien Jan.  5 

SS    MUXISLA — Havana,  Matanzas,  Sagua Jan.  12 

SS.  BERTHA — ^Cienfuegos,  Santiago Jan.  16 

SS.  MUXPLACE — 'Havana,  Cardenas,  Caibarien Jan.  19 

SS.  MUXISLA — Havana,  Matanzas Jan.  26 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER January  20,  for  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario. 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER Jan.     4    and     18 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports   of  cal 

without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904=1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating     tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

328  CHESTNUT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  Pa. 


S.  MORRIS  LILLIE,  Pres. 


LEWIS  C.  LILLIE,   Sec.  and  Treas. 


Grand  Prize  awarded  for  Locomotives  at  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  Furnished  on  Application 
REPRESENTATIVES     FOR    THE     WEST     INDIES: 

WALLACE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable   Addresses:  "BALDWIN.    PHILADELPHIA."    "LEEBALD.    HAVANA" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


Vi 


The 


i 


CVBA  REVIEW 


OQ  AYear  JANUARY  1917  10  Cents  A  Copy 
iblished  bytheMunson  Steamship  Line,  8Z-92  Beaver  Street,  NewYork  City. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Link-Belt 


For  conveying,  elevating  and  power  transmission.  Its 
worth  proved  by  service.  The  many  types  produced 
by  us  set  the  standards  of  performance  and  durability 
in  various  industries. 


This  Trade-Mark    V 


-<   on  every   link. 


Write  for  General  Catalog  No.  110,  illustrating  the  entire  Link-lielt  line. 

Link-Belt  Company 


299  BROADWAY 


NEW  YORK  CITY 


llHIIIHIHIIIIIIIIIIllHlllllinillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllinillllllllllNIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIN 

JAMES  M.  MOTLEY  '' ^^l^%il^^^^ 

Cable  Addrecs:  JAMOTLEY,   New  York 

(All  codes  used) 

RAIL  AND  FASTENINGS 
FROGS  AND  SWITCHES 

CARS 
BOILERS,  TANKS,  PUMPS 

Direccion  Cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New  York 

(Usamos  todas  las  claves) 

RIELES  Y  ASEGURADORES 

RANAS  Y  CAMBIAVIAS 

VAGONES 

CALDERAS,  TANQUES,  BOMBAS 

Insist   upon 
Walker's   "LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
' ' Lion ' '  Brass  Trade  M ark  Labels  and  Seals  attached . 


DeiJripdve"cataiog  Jaiiies  Walkcf  &  Compafly,  Ltd. 

27   THAMES   STREET,    NEW    YORK   CITY 

,  Sole  Agent  for  Cuba 

jose:  l.  viclaamil 

Santa     Clara     2Q,     Havana,     Cuba 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


/"■  A  I?I?r^Q    PARA  Tonos   usfis  v   dc  toflos  tamanos.   de  k>s  jiara  cana  ccm   ciiaim     ruolas  y  capa- 

N-'ArvivUO    ciJad  de    I'A    toncladas  a  los  cmi  jucgos  doblcs  de  ruc<las  y  cajiacidad  de  30  toneladas 

Haccmos    una    cst^cciahdad    dc    juegos    de    hcrrajcs.    tnclnycndo    los    juegoi 

dc  ruedas,  cumplctamcutc  arinados,  con  todas  las  pxczas  dc  metal,  y  pianos 

cl>i^;U:'-s    para    constmir    los    carros    d    sn    destino    de    inaczras    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cable  Address: 
Ramamam 


HOLBROOK    TOWING    LINE 

W.   S.   HOLBROOK,   Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 

'''^s^ls-S'       SOUTH  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A.       S'lu'^et 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 


SUGARS 


RAW  AND 
REFINED 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 

82  WALL  STREET,   NEW  YORK 

Publishers  of  Daily   and  ^Veekly   Statistical    Sugar  Trade  Journal— the   recognized   authority  of  the  trade, 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET   AD^^CES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensena  uno  de  nuestros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cana. 

Tenemos  otros  tipo3  de  capacidadea  varias  y  hemos  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carros  para  cafia  para 
uao  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  America-Central  y  Mexico,  que  tienen  jaulc-s  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
struidas  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de   la  cana. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.  U.  A. 

Direccion  telegrdfica:    NALLIM,  New  York.  Produccidn  annual  de  mds  de  100,000  carrot. 

Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B   CIXTAS,  Oficios  29-31.  Havana. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


FOR  MOLASSES  USE 


MATERIAL 
FABRICATED 


Offic*  in  Tulsa, 
Oklahoma,  Clinton  Bldg. 

2630  Whitehall  BuUdlng 
NEW  YORK 


STEEL  TANKS 


HAMOIND  T^INK: 


COMPLETE 
OR  ERECTED 

Los  Angeles  Office 

414  Crosse  Building 

Spring  &  Sixth 

Agents  in  Cuba: 

ZALDO  &  MARTINEZ 

26  O'Reilly  Street,  Havana 


BUILT  BY 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


30% 

m&s  de 


Mejor 
extrac- 


PATENTE  PELAEZ 

Esta  maza  puede  colocarse  facilmente  en  cualquier  trapiche,  sea  de  dos  6  tres  mazas.  Machuca  bien  la 
oafia  desmenuztodola  y  extray^ndole  almismo  tiempo  las  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  guarapo,  dejando  la  canabien 
preparada  para  el  segundo  trapiche.  Ejecuta  todo  el  trabajo  de  una  desmenuzadora  de  primera  clase  y  sin  rnds 
gasto  que  cuando  ae  opera  con  una  maza  lisa.  Esta  maza  es  de  acero  y  se  ha  sacado  privilegio  para  ella  en  todas 
las  partes  del  mundo  donde  se  cultiva  la  oafia  de  azucar.  Pues  envienos  un  dibujo  de  la  maza  superior  que  usan 
U  is  asl  que  de  su  eje,  y  les  cotizaremos  precioa  bajos  por  una  maza  completa  para  desmenuzar  la  cana  de  este 
trapiche. 

NEWELL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  149  Broadway,  New  York,  E.  U.  A. 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  M 
5  15 


PM 


P  M 
2  55 
4  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
PM 


P  M 
2  15 
4  15 


PM 


AM 
10  1" 
12  15 


PM 


AM 
6  55 
8  33 
10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


A  M 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 
AM 


Fare 
Istcl 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .Ar. 

Ar Artemisa Lv. 

Ar Paso  Real Lv. 

Ar Herradura Lv. 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio ....  Lv. 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 
3dcl. 
$1. 10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 

A  M 
7  49 
5  45 

AM 

AM 
11' 09 
9'35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 

AM 
11  47 
9  45 

P  M 
3  49 
1  45 

P  M 
6  47 
4  45 

6  38 
3  00 

P  M 

AM 

P  M 

P  M 
7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
3  00 
1  30 
P  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho  Boyeros 15  cts. 

Calabazar 10  "       |  Santiago  de  las  Vegas    ....     20   " 

Rincon 25  cts. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

A  RE  on  Bale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  o^ 
•^*-  Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An   Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92   Beaver  Street,  New  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 


$1.00  Per  Year 


SUBSCRIPTION 


Advertising  Rales  on  Application 


10  Cents  Single  Copy 


Vol.  XV 


JANUARY,  1917 


No.  2 


Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — A  Street  in  Casa  Hlanca  leading  up  hill,  for  pedestrians  only. 
Frontispiece — Inclined  Railwoy  at  the  Mines  of  Mayari,  Cuba. 
All  .\round  Cuba: 

Citrus  Fruits 

Code  of  Neutrals 

Counterfeit  Money. . 

Cubitas  Valley  Fair. 

Malanga 

New  Electric  Lines 

Tariff  Changes 

Cattle  liaising  in  Cuba,  Illustrated,  by  Consul  Henry  M.  Wolcott 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

Cuba  Rai  road  Company 

Gasoline  Motors 

Playing  Cards   

Scales 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

A.  H.  Lamborn  Company 

Cuba  Cane  Sugar  Corporation 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Securities 

Report  of  the  Cuba   Cane  Sugar  Corporation  . 

Cuban  Government  Matters: 

Conscription .     . 

Havana  Colonial  Debts 

Law  Against  Drugs.  .  . 

Minister  from  Bolivia. 

Naval  School 

Naval  School,  Illustration. . 

North  Carolina  Suit 

Paraguay 

Road  Congress 

Publications  Received 

Regulations,  Workmen's  Compcnsaiion    .Act,  Translated    by  Charles  Anguh 

Sugar  Industry: 

American  Beet  Sugar  Industry 

Central  for  Hayti 

Central  Tinguaro 

Central  Washington 

Chart — Raw  Sugar  Exports  from  Cuba,  191.5-10 

Chart  Showing  Relation  Between  Price  of  Sugar  and  Exports. 

Chilean  Sugar 

Cuban  Sugar  Crop 

Hawaiian  Sugar 

Hongkong  Sugar  Trade 

IMexican  Laborers 

Patent 

Sugar  Exports 

Sugar  Mill  Situation  in  Cuba 

Sugar  Supnly  of  the  L'nited  Kingdoi;..  .  . 

Sugar  Review,  EngUsh 

Sugar  Review,  Spanish 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban  Hailroads 


16,17,18,!!) 


2(3 
27 
27 
26 


21 

21 

21 

.22,23,24,25 


S 
7 
7 
8 
7 
10 


7 

8 

.  .   28 

,13,14,1.5 


3.3 
31 
31 
31 
34 
32 
31 
29 
31 
29 
31 
31 
3.5 
30 
33 


20. 'n 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Inclined  Railway  at  the  Mines  of  Mayari, 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL   AL.OUT   CUBA" 

Copyright,   1917,  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line 


Volume   XV 


JANUARY,    1917 


Number   2 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


HAVANA  COLONIAL  DEBTS 

President  Mcnocal  h-is  signed  a  decree 
suspending  a  resolution  adopted  l:)y  the  City 
Council  of  Havana  on  November  16  provid- 
ing for  an  Issue  of  municipal  bonds  to  pay 
for  debts  amounting  to  $2,812,000,  dating  to 
the  tim3  when  Cuba  was  a  Spanish  colony. 

A  similar  resolution  for  a  bond  issue  to 
mest  claims  for  servicss  alleged  to  have  been 
rende.-ed  under  Spao'sh  domination,  was 
adopted  by  the  Cou.aciJ  last  June.  President 
)\Ienocal  also  annulled  this  decree,  on  the 
ground  that  it  involved  infrdctions  of  the 
laws  of  mU'iicipctlit'e.?. 

LAW  AGAINST  DRUGS 

The  law  which  was  pat  into  effect  in  Cuba 
recently  prohibiting  the  sale  of  habit  forming 
drugs,  has  had  the  effect  of  placing  some  diffi- 
culty in  the  way  of  operating  a  sugar  m.ill. 
Ether,  which  is  among  the  prohibited  drugs, 
is  needed  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar,  and 
the  authorities  are  now  considering  some  way 
to  permit  the  use  of  ether  by  suga'-  centrals 
and  at  the  same  time  ])revent  the  drug  from 
being  sold  to  unauthorized  parties,  but  the 
exact  mode  of  procedure  whereby  the  sugar 
centrals  would  be  exem.pted  has  not  yet  been 
determined. 

QUARANTINE  ENDED 

The  Department  of  Sanitation  stated  on 
Dec.  13,  that  the  quarantine  against  American 
ports  for  infantile  paralysis  was  ended. 


NAVAL  SCHOOL 

The  new  Cuban  naval  academy  at^Mariel 
was  opened  on  January  8  with   appropriate 


ceremonies. 


PARAGUAY 

It  is  reported  that  the  Government  of  Para- 
guay has  decreed  that  Cuban  Government 
representatives  in  Paraguay  may  denounce 
attempts  to  pass  off  as  of  Cuban  origin  manu- 
factured toljacco  which  lacks  an  official  label. 
It  is  specified,  however,  that  the  label  in 
question  does  not  constitute  a  trade-mark  and, 
therefore,  the  effect  of  such  denunciation  will 
be  restricted  to  an  official  notice  warning  con- 
sumers of  fraud.  The  decree  specifies  that  the 
(\iban  Government  should  recii:)rocate  in  a 
similar  manner  to  establish  protection  for  the 
products  of  Paraguay  which  may  be  exported 
to  Cuba.  It  is  stated  that  this  is  the  first  in- 
stance in  which  the  Government  of  Paraguay 
has  given  recognition  to  a  trade  or  merchan- 
dise  mark. 


AMERICAN   INSTITUTE  OF  INTERNATIONAL 
LAW 

This  institute,  which  comprises  five  dele- 
gates from  each  of  the  national  societies  of  the 
21  ^\merican  states,  has  planned  to  have  its 
next  meeting  in  Havana,  Cuba,  and  the  ses- 
sions are  to  begin  January  22.  It  is  stated 
that  the  Cuban  Government  has  approved 
a   credit  of  $10,000  to   defray  ex-penses. 


THE     CUBA'REVIEW 


ROAD  CONGRESS 

Announcement  is  made  that  plans  have 
been  completed  whereljy  a  National  Congress 
of  Roads  will  be  held  scm.e  tim.e  during  1917 
which  will  endeavor  to  organize  a  National 
Highway  Com.mission  whereby  there  will  be 
built  a  national  highway  from  one  end  of 
Cuba  to  the  other.  This  schem.e  is  not  a  new 
one,  and  it  is  said  that  the  plans  have  been  in 
the  hands  cf  the  Secretary  cf  Public  Works  for 
scm.e  time.  The  scheme  would  also  include 
a  central  highroad  across  Cuba  from  North  to 
South,  and  the  plan  would  fuxthermore  com- 
prehend the  utilization  of  existing  highways, 
so  that  upon  completion  of  this  work,  Cuba 
would  be  practically  covered  with  a  netwoik 
of  gocd  roads,  a  state  of  affairs  most  desirable 
and  profitable  for  the  Cubans. 


MINISTER  FROM  BOLIVIA 


STATE  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA 

According  to  a  Washington  despatch,  the 
law  suit  against  the  State  of  North  Carolina, 
which  involved  the  sum  of  $2,000,000  worth 
of  bonds,  the  suit  being  instituted  by  the 
Government  of  Caiba  acting  presumably  for 
third  parties,  has  been  withch-awn  by  direc- 
tion cf  President  Menocal. 


CON.SCRIPTION 


It  is  runiored  that  a  plan  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  compuslory  military  service  in 
Cuba  is  being  studied  carefully  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Gove  nment  and  the  geneial  staff  of 
the  army. 


MILK.  INSPECTION 

The  National  Board  of  Health  of  Cuba  has 
issued  a  decree  authorizing  the  organization 
of  hygienic  m.ilk  inspection  bureaus  through- 
out the  entire  island. 

SPANISH  GOVERNMENT 

It  is  reported  that  a  request  of  the  Board 
of  Immigration  of  Spain  to  the  Department  of 
Im.migration  of  Cuba  that  each  Spanish  im- 
migrant be  required  to  show  a  passport  sig- 
nifying that  he  was  not  evading  military  ser- 
vice will  not  be  granted. 

BARRACKS 

President  Menocal  has  authorized  the  gen- 
eral staff  of  the  army  to  build  a  barracks  at 
Santiago  de  las  Vegas  providing  the  cost  does 
not  exceed  $7,000. 


Sr    Don  Ignacio  Calderon,  Courtisi/  Bulletin 
cf  the    Fan- American   U nion. 

We  have  been  informed  that  Si.  Den.  Ig- 
niicia  Calderon,  the  Bolivian  Minister  to  the 
United  States,  has  also  been  accredited  to 
Cuba,  and  we  understand  that  Sr.  Calderon 
is  leaving  on  the  14th  of  January  via  Key 
West  to  vi.^it  Havana,  for  th?  purpose  of  pre- 
senting his  credentials.  The  Minister  will  be 
accompanied  by  Mrs.  Calderon  and  their 
daughter,  and  it  is  further  stated  that  Sr. 
Calderon  plans  to  make  a  tour  of  Cuba  before 
returning  to  the  United  States.  Sr.  Calderon 
has  represented  Bolivia  in  Washington  since 
If  01,  his  length  of  service  making  him  the 
Daan  of  th?  Latin-American  diplomatic 
corps. 


ECUAEXDR 


Dr.  Rafael  N.  Elizalde,  the  new  Minister  of 
Ecuador  to  Cuba,  presented  his  credentials  to 
President  Menocal  on  January  10. 


COMPENSATION   LAW 

This  law  is  about  to  go  into  effect  in  Cuba 
and  in  this  issue  is  given  an  abstract  of  the 
rules  and  regulations  for  its  enforcement. 
This  law  is  one  of  the  most  important  acts 
of  the  Cuban  Congress  ever  enacted,  and  its 
effects  will  be  far-reaching.  Every  manu- 
facturer, sugar  central,  or  other  employer 
of  labor  in  Cuba  will  be  subject  to  its  pro- 
visions and  will  have  to  conform  to  its 
requirements. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


MALANCA 

According  to  the  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture 
a  new  root  crop,  the  dasheen,  is  l)eing  grown 
by  a  nuip.ber  of  farmers  of  the  south,  and 
})ronu<es  t  )  l)ecom.e  a  valua>)le  member  of  the 
grouj)  of  domestic  vegetables,  such  as  the 
the  potato. 

The  value  of  the  dasheen,  it  is  l)clieved,  will 
be  as  a  crop  supplemental  to,  rather  than  a 
substitute  for,  the  potato. 

In  food  value  the  dasheen  is  comparable 
to  the  potato,  though  it  contains  a  smaller 
proportion  of  water  and  a  greater  proportion 
of  protein,  starch  and  sugar  than  the  latter. 
The  new  vegetable  may  be  prepared  for  the 
table  as  potatoes  usually  are,  or  may  be  made 
into  flour  and  used  in  l)aking. 

The  Cuban  variety  of  the  dasheen  is  known 
as  IMalanga,  and  is  largely  used  in  Cuba  and 
is,  of  course,  capable  of  more  extensive  culti- 
vation. 

CITRUS  FRUITS 

The  Bureau  of  Chemistry  of  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  has  devoted 
much  time  to  an  investigation  during  the  last 
year  of  the  production  of  by-products  of  citrus 
fruits  and  has  developed  a  method  for  the  manu- 
facture of  citrate  of  lime  from  lemons,  while 
consideral)!e  ])rogress  has  been  made  in  the 
manufacture  of  citric  acid  from  the  same  fruit. 
The  manufacture  ot  lemon  oil  has  been  studied 
and  progress  reported  in  this  direction.  The 
study  of  tangerines  has  resulted  in  the  green 
fruit  as  a  valuable  source  of  citric  acid,  and  the 
oil  as  a  commercial  possibility.  Orange  vine- 
gar has  been  made  and  the  prospects  of  this 
being  a  commercial  success  seem  probable 
although  the  market  is  limited. 

COUNTERFEIT  MONEY 

It  is  reported  that  much  counterfeit  of 
Cuban  money  is  now  in  circulation,  the  silver 
dollar  being  the  coin  most  frequently  counter- 
feited. It  is  understood  that  the  Cuban 
Governm^ent  is  making  every  effort  to  appre- 
hend the  counterfeiters. 

PORT  OF  HAVANA 

Statistics  for  the  year  1916  show  that  dur- 
ing the  year  89,631  passengers  entered  the 
port  of  Havana  and  65,812  sailed  from  the 
port. 


REDUCTIONS  ON  MATERIALS  FOR  ASBESTOS 
FABRIC 

Certain  ai)i)aratus  and  materials  u.sed  in  the 
manufacture  of  asbest(,'s  cloth  are  to  be  exempt 
from  the  surtax  established  by  the  decree  of 
February  1,  1904,  according  to  customs  cir- 
cular dated  October  20,  191(5.  The  articles 
entitled  to  the  reduction  are  classified  under 
tariff  Nos.  40,  57,  226,  and  231,  the  surtaxes, 
remited  being  30%  of  the  duty  on  articles 
dutiable  vmder  Nos.  40  and  ,57,  and  25% of  the 
duty  in  the  case  of  the  other  goods.  Such 
apparatus  and  materials  must  be  nnported 
by  manufacturers  for  use  in  their  own  estab- 
lishments and  a  sworn  declaration  as  to  such 
intended  use  must  be  submitted. 


REDUCTION  ON  FABRICS  FOR  MATTRESSES 
ETC. 

A  Cuban  decree  of  October  20,  1916,  ex- 
empts from  the  surtax  of  20  per  cent.  im]>osed 
by  the  decree  of  February  1,  1904,  cotton 
fabrics  classified  under  Xos.  114,  115,  116  and 
117  of  the  C\iban  customs  tariff,  provided 
such  goods  are  imported  by  manufacturers  of 
mattresses,  pillows,  and  sweat  pads,  for  use 
in  their  own  establishments.  In  order  to  take 
advantage  of  these  reductions,  importers 
must  make  declaration  imder  oath  that  the 
goods  ?.re  to  be  used  as  above  indicated. 


NEW  ELECTRIC  LINES 

Electric  .itreet-car  service  was  inaugurated 
in  Matanzas  and  Cardenas  on  December  17. 
The  Diari  o  de  la  Marina  says  that  much  en- 
thusiasm greeted  the  opening  of  the  new  car 
service,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  tramwaj'S 
will  assist  greatly  in  the  development  of  these 
cities. 


HAVANA 


The  ship  registry  department  of  the  cus- 
toms bureau  shows  that  during  the  last  six 
months  of  1916,  1,008  vessels  of  various 
nationalities  entered  the  port  of  Havana. 

Statistics  of  the  customs  department  show 
that  in  the  second  six  months  of  1916,  47,258 
passengers  with  81,675  pieces  of  baggage 
arrived  in  Havana. 


PATENT 


A  patent  for  a  process  of  preserving  milk 
has  been  granted  to  Sr.  Carlos  !Muiioz. 


10 


THE    CiU  B  A     REVIEW 


T  H  E     C  U  B  A     It  E  \'  I  E  W  11 

RULES  AND  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ENFORCEMENT 
OF  THE  WORKMEN'S  COMPENSATION  ACT 
RECENTLY  ENACTED  IN  CUBA 

Translated  by  Charlen  Aiujuio  of  the  New  York  Bar 

XOTK:  The  purpose  of  the  translator  has  been  to  make  the  meaning  of  th(;  Spanish 
text  eloar  to  the  English  speaking  reader  rather  than  to  translate  it  literally. 

In  uccordiince  with  the  Dowers  conferred  utjon  me  by  Article  68  of  the  Const  it  ufi(jn,  and 
Dursuant  to  the  provisions  of  Article  52  of  the  law  of  Juno  12th  of  the  current  year  enacted  by 
tlic  Honorable  Congress  of  the  Rcuublic  and  relating  to  the  compensation  of  workmen  for 
accidental  injuries  sustained  in  the  course  of  their  emploj-ment,  and  on  motion  of  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor.  I  ai)i)rove,  although  teiiii)ora/ily,  the  following  rules  and 
regulations: 

Article  First:  Jiy  "Emjjloyer"  is  meant  the  individual  or  company  A\liich  is  the  owner 
of  the  construction,  business  or  industry  in  connection  with  which  the  work  is  being  performed. 

If  the  construction,  or  any  ])art  thereof,  is  being  done,  or  the  industrj',  or  any  j)art  thereof 
is  being  conducted,  /nirsuanttoa  contract,  the  "Contractor"  shall  be  deemed  the  employer. 

Article  Second:  By  "Workmen"  is  meant  every  person  who  is  either  permanently  or 
temporarily  engaged  in  doing  any  work  for  a  fixed  remuneration,  away  from  his  own  liome 
The  foreman,  W'hose  wages  do  not  exceed  $3.00  per  day  and  whose  contract  of  employment  is 
for  at  least  thirtj-  days,  and  the  apprentices  who  work  without  any  remuneration  whatsoever 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  workmen  within  the  meaning  of  this  law. 

Workmen  who  because  of  the  requirements  of  the  work  or  the  duties  which  are  entrusted 
to  them  are  obliged  to  reside  either  by  themselves  or  with  their  families  in  the  place  or  on  the 
premises  where  the  industry  or  the  business  is  ];eing  cank  d  r  n  shall  not  be  deemed  to  be  work- 
ing in  their  own  homes. 

Article  Third:  By  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  sub-division  1 1  cf  Article  2  of  the  Law,  the 
employees  of  mercantile  establishments  shall  be  deemed  to  be  within  the  protection  of  the  law-. 

Artilce  Fourth:  For  the  purjjose  of  fixing  the  remuneration  which  the  workman  does  not 
receive  in  money,  but  in  goods  and  in  lodgings,  or  in  any  other  form,  said  remrmeration  shall 
be  cf)mputed  in  accordance  with  the  average  value  in  the  locality  of  the  goods  furnished,  or  of 
any  other  thing  which  may  constitute  svich  remuneration. 

If  the  services  of  the  workmen  are  contracted  for  on  a  jobbing  basis,  the  remimeration 
should  be  fixed  by  determining  the  remuneration  Avhich,  as  a  general  rule,  is  received  by  work- 
men of  the  same  class  as  the  victim  of  the  accident  for  the  same  or  similar  kind  of  work. 

Article  Fifth:  Xotwithstanding  the  provisions  cf  sub-division  2 of  Article  8  of  the  Law 
which  ])rescribe  that  no  compensation  shall  be  paid  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this  Law 
for  injuries  which  do  not  result  in  incapacitating  the  workjnan  or  employee  so  that  he  cannot 
gain  his  usual  daih'  wage  during  a  period  not  less  than  two  weeks,  in  view  of  what  is  provided 
in  Article  34  of  the  Law  (following,  as  may  be  seen,  .Article  S  thereof)  regarding  the  obligation 
of  the  emploj-er  to  render  first  aid  to  the  injured,  medical  and  pharmaceutical  assistance,  and 
to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  funeral  and  interment,  not  exceeding,  however,  thirty  dollars,  it 
shall  always  be  the  duty  of  the  employer  to  pay  these  expenses,  whatever  may  have  been  the 
duration  of  the  workman's  incapacity  for  his  work,  it  being  noted  that  the  requirement  or 
condition  regarding  the  two  weeks'  incapacity  may  only  be  availed  of  by  the  employer  and  not 
in  anv  manner  may  it  be  considered  to  extend  to  insurance  companies. 

In  regard  to  the  medical  and  pharmaceutical  assistance,  it  must  be  remembered  that  in 
case  the  victim  of  the  accident  availing  himself  of  theright  conferred  upon  him  l)y  Article  29  of 
the  Law,  wishes  to  designate  the  doctor  and  the  druggist  who  are  to  assist  him  during  the  dura- 
tion of  the  cure,  his  wishes  in  the  matter  must  be  acceded  to,  provided  that  the  doctor  or 
druggist  he  designates  shall  reside  in  the  locality  where  the  injm-ed  workjnan  happens  to  be 

Article  Sixth:  The  compensation  to  which  the  workmen  are  entitled  and  which  should  be 
paid  by  the  employer  and  by  insurance  companies,  must  be  given  in  the  same  form,  place,  coin, 
and  at  the  times,  in  which  thewageswere  paid,  unless,  of  course,  the  interested  oarties  should 
otherwise  agree. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Article  Seventh:  The  wroof  to  which  A'-ficie  33  of  the  Law  refers, that  is  to  say, the  proof 
of  having  insuied  his  workmen  in  some  dulj^  authorized  organization  and  that  said  company 
assures  or  guarantees  to  the  insured  the  compensation  which  in  that  article  is  provided  for, 
should  be  made  by  the  employers  or  their  representatives  and  by  the  heads  of  firms  and 
industries,  before  the  Municipal  Judge  of  the  place  where  the  work  is  being  performed  and 
before  the  Judge  of  the  First  Instance  of  the  said  Municipal  District. 

The  captains,  ship  owners  or  consignees  of  ships  who  are  employers  within  the  meaning  of 
this  law.  shall  furnish  said  proof  to  the  Municipal  Judge  of  the  district  wherein  is  situated  the 
port  in  which  the  said  ship  is  registered  and  to  the  Judge  of  the  First  Instance  wlio  has  super- 
vision of  the  said  Municipal  Judge. 

Article  Eighth:  The  approval  by  the  Government  of  the  by-Laws  of  insurance  companies 
which  such  companies  are  required  to  obtain  before  they  can  carry  on  this  kind  of  business, 
shall  be  given  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor,  and  this  same  office  shall 
be  in  charge  of  the  inspection  and  supervision  of  .?aid  companies  in  accordance  with  the  powers 
conferred  upon  it  by  the  Executive  Law  and  especially  by  the  Presidential  Decree  No.  1123  of 
the  year  1909. 

Article  NinOi:  The  insurance  companies  or  associations  desiring  to  devote  themselves  to 
this  kind  of  insurance,  described  in  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  should  provide  security 
in  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  ($100,000),  official  currency,  either  in  cash  or  in 
mortgage  bonds  of  the  state,  which  amount  shall  guarantee  the  immediate  com])liance  of  the 
obligations  of  said  companies  as  insurers.  This  security  shall  be  entirely  distinct  from  those 
which  have  previously  been  furnished  or  wnich  ma}'  hereafter  be  furnished  by  them  in  accord- 
ance with  other  laws  of  the  Cuban  state,  and  it  shall  be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  through  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor  and 
it  shall  be  at  the  disposal  of  the  said  Department  of  Agriculture,  Comnierce  and  Labor,  which 
department,  whenever  a  Judge  officially  notifies  it  that  he  has  ordered  an  insurance  company 
to  pay  a  certain  sum,  shall  demand  of  said  company  that  it  make  the  said  payment  ordered  by 
the  Judge  within  a  pericd  of  forty-eight  hours,  counted  from  the  time  of  receiving  the  notifica- 
tion, and  if  such  payment  is  not  made  said  company  shall  communicate  with  the  office  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  so  that  if  the  security-  is  in  cash  the  amount  asked  for  by  the  Judge 
shall  be  sent  immediately  and  if  the  security  is  in  bonds  those  necessary  to  produce  the  amount 
asked  for  by  the  Judge  shall  be  sold. 

Article  Tenth:  Once  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Com- 
merce and  Labor  has  obtained  the  money  asked  for  by  the  Judge,  it  shall  proceed  to  send  it 
without  delay  to  the  said  Judge,  and  it  shall  make  written  demand  on  the  same  day  and  do 
whatever  it  deems  convenient,  so  that  the  insurance  company  will  accordirgly  incresse  its 
security,  granting  it  a  reasonable  time  in  which  to  do  so,  and  if  said  insurance  company 
shouldneglect  todoso  with  in  the  said  pericd,  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Comimerce  and 
Labor  shall  declare  cancelled  every  contract  entered  into  with  that  company,  communicating 
this  through  the  proper  channels  to  all  the  judges  of  the  First  Instance  of  the  Republic, 
so  that  they  in  turn  may  communicate  it  to  the  employers,  who  in  accordance  with  the  Registers 
of  each  court,  appear  to  have  contracted  with  the  company  whose  authority  has  been  revoked, 
informing  them  that  from  that  moment  the  employers  shall  alone  and  directly  l:»e  respon- 
sible for  the  accidents  occuring  in  the  course  of  the  work  until  they  have  contracted  with 
another  insurance  company  which  has  complied  with  the  legal  requirements. 

Article  Eleventh:  The  same  obligations  and  formalities  prescribed  in  the  preceding  articles 
in  regard  to  insurance  companies  now  existing  in  Cuba,  shall  be  understood  to  be  applicable  to 
companies  hereafter  organized  for  the  purpose  of  insuring  against  accidents  occurirg  in  the 
course  of  employment,  and  likewise  to  domestic  comjpanies  and  to  foreign  companies. 

Article  Tiveljth:  The  mutual  companies  Avhich  may  be  organized  for  the  purpose  of  ajipor- 
tioning  among  its  members  the  amount  of  the  losses  suffered  by  any  of  said  members  and  with 
out  participation  directly  or  indirectly  in  any  surxjlus,  shall  be  subject  to  the  following  regula- 
tions: 

First:  That  they  must  be  organized  by  more  than  five  employers,  who  must  prove  that  they 
are  such  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor,  by  exhibiting 


THECUBAREVIEW  13 

to  him  the  rcceijjt  for  the  lant  Indiistriiil  Tax,  jtltJiough  it  may  ap])ear  tliercfrom  that  it  lias  refer- 
ence to  some  kind  of  work  or  oecuj)ation  not  eovered  by  this  Law. 

Second:  That  they  must  have  eaused  to  he  insured  at  least  two  Innuh'ed  w<H-kmen  amoiif^ 
those  employed  in  the  work  or  industries  in  which  said  employers  are  engaged. 

Third:  That  in  the  by-Laws  of  said  associations  provision  is  made  for  the  joint  respj)nsi- 
bility  of  all  the  members,  which  responsibility  shall  not  be  extinguished  in  any  case  until  the 
total  obligations  have  been  i)aid  or  satisfied,  either  directly  by  the  mem})ers  or  by  the  accept- 
ance of  the  said  responsi})ility  by  an  accident  insurance  company  which  is  legally  organized. 

Fourth:  That  they  j)rovide  security  in  the  sum  of  ten  thoiisand  dollars  in  the  foim  i)re- 
scrilx-d  in  Ai-ticle  Ninth. 

Arlicle  Thirteenth:      The  Judges  of  the  First  Instance,   jjursuant  to  Article  28  of  the 

Law,  shall  give  judgment  imposing  compensation  which,  as  to  the  amount  mentioned  therein 

should  be  paid  immediatelj^  although  an  appeal  is  taken  from  said  judgment,  shall  proceed  to 

collect  the  same  by  means  of  a  special  proceeding  known  as  "Apremio  etc."  whenever  the 

obligation  to  pay  the  compensation  is  imposed  on  the  employer;  and  when  said  obligation  is 

imposed  u])on  the  insurance  ccmipany,  once  the  judgment  is  given  and  without  waiting  even 

until  it  is  affirmed  on  ai)peal,  they  shall  officially  communicate  with  the  Secretary  f  f  Agri- 

cuture,  C'oiDinerce  and  Lal)or  and  reaues-t  of  him  that  he  remit  the  amoimt  which  according  to 

the  Jvidgment  should  be  paid. 

NOTE:  By  Decree  dated  The  2Ist  day  of  December,  1916,  tha  President  of  Cuba 
amended  Article  Thirteenth  of  the  Regulations,  so  that  said  Article  should  now  read  as 
follows: 

Article  Thirteenth:  The  Judges  of  the  First  Instance,  pursuant  to  Article  Twenty- 
eighth  of  the  Law,  shall  proceed  to  collect  the  compensation  by  the  special  proceeding  known  as 
the  "Apremio"  when  said  obligation  to  pay  the  compensation  is  imposed  upon  the  emoloyer; 
when  said  ol)ligation  is  imposed  upon  an  insurance  company,  once  the  judgment  is  given  and 
without  waiting  until  the  appeal  is  decided,  they  shall  cite  to  appear  before  them,  the  represen- 
tative of  the  company  who  resides  in  the  locality,  so  that  within  a  period  of  thirty-six  hours 
it  (the  company)  shall  pay  into  court  the  amount  of  the  award.  If  no  representative  of  the 
company  can  be  found,  the  company  shall  be  cited  by  means  of  a  written  notice,  and  if  its 
place  of  business  is  unknown  and  it  has  no  representative  in  the  locality,  it  shall  be  cited 
by  publication.  After  three  days  have  passed  without  the  money  having  been  paid  into 
court,  the  judges  shall  officially  communicate  with  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce 
and  Labor  and  request  that  he  remit  the  amount  of  the  award. 

Arlicle  Fourteenth:  For  the  purpose  of  complying  with  this  Law  and  pursuant  to  the 
powers  which  Article  Forty  thereof  confers  U])on  the  Executive  to  fix  the  conditions  to  which 
insurance  comi)anies  should  conform,  it  is  established: 

(rr)  The  accident  insurance  companies,  as  soon  as  they  have  entered  into  a  contract  of  this 
kind,  shall  give  written  notice  to  the  Municipal  Judge  of  the  locality  in  which  the  work  or 
enterprise  is  being  carried  on,  also  to  the  Judge  of  the  First  Instance  who  is  the  sup'erior  of  said 
Municipal  Judge,  of  the  name  and  domicile  of  some  person  resident  in  that  locality,  to  whom 
all  notices  must  be  given  on  behalf  of  the  company  in  any  proceeding  in  either  of  said  courts, 
which,  however,  shall  be  without  jirejudice  to  the  company's  right  to  a])pear  in  the  proceeding 
in  accordance  with  our  Laws.  When  the  com])anies  have  not  complied  with  said  provisions,  the 
judges  shall  serve  the  notices,  citations  and  summons  by  posting  in  the  cotu't  rooms  of  said 
courts  and  trilnmals. 

(6)  The  insurance  companies  which  are  engaged  both  in  other  kinds  of  insurance  business 
and  accident  insurance,  shall  keep  such  other  business  entirely  apart  from  their  accident  insur- 
ance business; 

(c)  Said  insurance  companies,  by  the  mere  fact  of  having  entered  into  a  contract  in  Cuba, 
shall  be  imderstood  to  have  expressly  suljmitted  themselves  to  the  jurisdiction  of  our  tribtmals 
and  courts,  and  it  shall  be  deemed  that  they  iiave  expressly  accepted  all  our  laws  and  regulations 
with  reference  to  accidents  arising  in  the  course  of  employment; 

id)  Likewise  they  shall  permit  the  inspectors  and  agents  of  the  office  of  the  Secretar}'  of 
Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor  to  examine  their  certificates  of  incorporation,  by-laws,  and  to 
investigate  the  manner  in  which  the  capital  and  reserve  fund  has  been  employed,  to  examine 


14  THECUBAREVIEW 

the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  poUcies,  the  insurance  rates,  the  estimated  reserves  and  life 
payments,  the  manner  in  which  the  contracts  of  insurance  are  entered  into  and  the  renewals 
thereof,  their  duration  and  manner  of  parformance,  etc.;  and  said  companies  shall  comply  with 
the  suggestions  and  modifications  which  are  proposed  to  them  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture, 
Commerce  and  Labor,  providing  they  are  in  accordance  with  our  Laws  and  regulations. 

(e)  The  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor,  when  he  believes  that  insurance 
companies  are  not  complying  with  the  principal  requirements  of  the  Law  and  that  failure  to 
so  comply  may  in  time  result  in  their  not  fulfilling  the  obligations  they  have  assumed,  shall  de- 
mand through  the  representatives  of  the  company  in  the  capital,  granting  a  reasonable  time 
for  compliance,  that  the  company  shall  remedy  the  defects  he  has  found,  and  if  within  the  given 
period  of  time,  the  insurance  comj^any  fails  to  remedy  the  defects  found,  the  Secretary  of  Agi-i- 
culture.  Commerce  and  Labor  shall  proceed  to  cancel  and  revoke  the  right  of  said  company  to 
insure,  and  he  shall  communicate  the  same  to  all  the  Judges  of  the  First  Instance  for  the 
purposes  of  Article  Tenth  of  these  reg"alations ; 

(/)  When  the  defects  found  are  of  such  character  that  it  is  manifest  the  purpose  was  to 
avoid  the  compliance  with  the  contracts  entered  into,  the  Secretary  of  Agriculure,  Commerce 
and  Labor  shall  immediately  proceed  to  cancel  and  revoke  the  right  of  insm-ance,  communi- 
cating the  same  to  the  Judges  of  the  First  Instance; 

(g)  From  the  decisions  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor  relating  to 
such  matters,  an  appeal  may  l^e  taken  as  provided  by  Law,  l)ut  when  tiie  Secretary  of  Agi-icul- 
ture,  Commerce  and  Laljor  deenas  ])rojjer,  and  by  means  of  a  decree,  he  may  compel  compliance 
with  his  decision,  notwithstanding  the  appeal  taken  therefrom; 

(h)  The  insurance  companies  shall  submit  in  the  month  of  January  in  each  year  to  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor,  a  detailed  report  of  their  operations  relating  to 
the  Workmen's  Com]3ensation  Law; 

(i)  The  Secretar}'  of  Agricultiu-e,  Commerce  and  Lal)or  shall  not  gi-ant  the  necessary 
authorization  to  foreign  insurance  companies  until  they  have  notified  him  in  writing  that  they 
are  registered  in  the  Mercantile  Registry  of  the  capital,  (Havana)  and  that  they  have  an  agent 
or  representative  in  the  same  with  all  the  powers  necessary  to  enable  him  to  comply  with  the 
requirements  of  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Law  and  with  these  Regulations,  and  with  a 
permanent  place  of  residence; 

(j)  When  the  Secretary  of  Agricultiire,  Commerce  and  Labor  learns  that  this  agent  or 
representative  has  for  any  reason  quit  his  office,  he  shall  give  notice  addressed  to  the  office 
which  the  company  maintains  in  Havana,  and  if  it  does  not  maintain  any  such  office  he  shall 
publish  such  notice  in  the  Gazette,  granting  a  reasonable  and  sho>-t  time  in  which  to  appoint 
a  new  representative,  and  if  such  company  should  fail  to  do  so  within  the  said  fixed  period,  the 
said  Secretary  shall  cancel  its  contracts  ol  insurance  in  the  manner  already  stated; 

(k)  In  addition  to  the  guarantee  referred  to  in  Article  Ninth  the  insurance  companies 
shall  be  obliged  to  invest  fifteen  per  cent  of  tiieir  assets  in  real  estate,  situated  within  the 
ReDublic; 

Article  Fifteenth:  The  employers  or  the  heads  of  the  industries  or  enterprises  which,  in 
accordance  with  .Aj-ticle  Fiftieth  of  the  Law,  wish  to  directly  assume  the  obligations  imposed 
by  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  by  obtaining  previous  authorization  from  the  President 
of  the  Republic,  shall  do  so  through  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor,  upon 
giving  evidence  that  they  are  within  the  limitations  established  l)y  Article  Fiftieth. 

To  this  end  they  shall  present  in  the  said  proceeding  before  the  Secretary  of  Agiiculture, 
Commerce  and  Labor,  (and  so  that  a  note  may  be  made  thereof)  the  title  deeds  corresponding 
to  the  property  which  they  propose  to  furnish  in  guarantee  of  the  fulfillment  of  their  obliga- 
tions; (and  for  the  purpose  of  filing  with  the  papers  in  the  said  proceedings)  they  shall  present  a 
certificate  of  the  Register  of  Property  that  said  property  is  registered  in  his  name,  and  that 
there  is  no  incumbrance  of  any  kind  whatsoever  upon  it,  and  they  shall  likewise  present  a 
certified  copy  from  the  office  of  the  Register  of  Property,  of  the  deed  in  w^iich  the  mortgage 
has  been  constituted  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Article  Fiftieth  of  the  Workmen's 
Compensation  Law,  Avhich  deed  or  mortgage  may  have  been  accepted  by  any  District  Attorney 
of  the  Republic  in  the  name  of  the  Government,  and  without  said  person  accepting  said  deed, 
incurring  any  liability  whatsoever  by  reason  of  having  accepted  the  same. 


T  H  E     U  U  B  A     R  E  V  I  E  W  15 


TheSecl-otaryof  Afrrifulturc,  ill  view  of  said  (locuniciits  ami  after  ohta'iiiiiji;  all  the  inf<iriiia- 
tion  which  ho  dooms  projior  as  roKards  the  sufficiency  of  i\ut  KUaraiitoe,  shall  urocoed  in  a  proper 
case  to  obtain  from  the  President  of  the  Republic  th(>  authorization  referred  to  in  said  Article 
Fiftieth. 

Article  Sixkctdh:  Foreign  hriiis  and  concerns  shall  also  be  under  the  obligation  of  having 
uitiiin  the  country  a  representative  as  required  by  Article  Fiftieth  of  this  Law,  with  the  con- 
ditions and  requirements  therein  stated,  which  they  shall  establish  in  the  petition  in  which 
tihey  request  the  said  authorization.  When  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Labor 
learns  that  for  any  reason  the  said  representative  has  quit  his  office,  he  shall  proceed  in  the 
same  manner  as  is  indicated  with  reference  to  insurance  comjianies. 

Arliclc  Seventeenth:  The  notice;  of  meeting  which  Article  Twenty-eighth  of  the  Law  pro- 
vides shall  be  given  by  the  Judge  of  the  First  Instance  to  the  parties  or  their  representatives,  so 
that  they  may  reach  an  agreement,  shall  be  understood  to  mean  to  the  representatives  in  tli(! 
locality  of  the  insurance  company  in  the  cases  where  the  employer  is  not  the  insurer. 

Artlde  Eighteenth :  \\'hen  it  happens  that  the  employer  or  the  contractor  of  the  Avork  are 
themselves  the  insurers,  the  citation  to  appear  before  the  judge  shall  be  served  at  the  residence 
of  the  employer  if  it  should  be  situated  in  the  same  place  as  the  court  and,  if  not,  at  the  reisdcnco 
of  the  head  or  person  in  charge  of  the  work  who  may  have  his  residence  within  the  Judicial 
District,  and  if  there  should  be  no  one  to  accept  the  said  citation,  after  an  order  certifying  to  the 
fact  has  been  ol)tained  and  signed  by  the  clerk  of  the  court  in  which  the  -proceedings  are  had, 
the  same  shall  be  l)i)sted  in  the  court  house. 

Article  Nineteenth :  When  the  injured  workman,  or  his  representatives  duly  authorized,  shall 
inform  the  Court  of  the  First  Instance  that  his  claims  under  the  Workmen's  Compensation 
Law  have  been  fully  satisfied,  the  Judge  of  the  First  Instance  shall  terminate  the  proceedings, 
no  matter  at  what  stage  they  may  be,  and  shall  have  the  papers  duly  filed. 

TRAXSITORV 
Article  Twenti':th :  In  view  of  the  temporary  character  of  the  present  Rules  and  Regulations 
the  Executive  shall  name  a  commission  which  shall  confer  with  all  the  industrial  and  lal)oring 
classes  of  the  country,  which  are  affected  by  the  Law  of  the  12th  of  June,  of  the  current  year 
and  shall  propose  within  a  period  of  six  months  the  modifications  which  it  believes  ought  to  be 
introduced  in  the  Rules  and  Regulations  previously  established. 

Given  in  the  President's  Palace  in  Havana  on  the  12th  day  of  December,  1916. 


CODE  OF  NEUTRALS  CUBITAS  VALLEY  FAIR 

A  code  of  rules  of  maritime  neutrality  which  On   account  of   the  excessive  rainfall,   the 

should  govern  the  relations  between  belliger-  vegetab'e  growers  considered  it  advisable  to 

ents  and  neutrals  was  submitted  to  the  Ameri-  postpone  the  Cubitas  Valley  Fair  in  order  to 

can  Institute  of  International  Law  in  annual  have  a  more  complete  line  of  vegetables  for  the 

ses.ion  at  Havana,  Jan.  22.  exhibition;  con.«equentIy,  the  Fair  Association 

The  proposed  regulations  practically  pro-  has  po.itponed  the  Fair  dates  to  February  27 

vide  for  freedom  of  the  seas  in  time  of  war.  and    28    and    March    1,    1917.      This   year 

Commercial    blockades    would   be   forbidden  the  La  Gloria  Fair  A.ssociation  departs  from 

and  mails  inviolate;  merchant  ships  without  its  usual   custom  by  having  other  societies 

contraband,  whether  of  belligerant  or  neutral  meet  in   convention.     The  Cuban   Xation;d 

registry,   would  be  unmolested  if  they  bore  Horticultural   Society   ard    the   Cuba    Fruit 

vi.seed  papers;  right  of  search  at  sea  wouid  be  Exchange  will  meet  at  this  time  in  conjuuc- 

abolished.     The  mandates  would  be  enforced  tion  with  the  Fair  Association,  and  there  will 

by  a   neutral  conference  with   authority   to  l)e    representatives    and    ex-perts    from    the 

take  "severe  measures"  against  violators.  various  Citrus  Fruit  Colonies  of  the  Island. 

The  code  was  drafted  by  Dr.  Alejandro  Al-  The   Government   will   be   represented    also, 

varez,  Secretary  General  of  the  institute,  and  It  is  hoped  that  out  of  this  Congress  there 

who  formeny  was  juriconsult  to  the  Chilean  shall    come    a    consolidation    of    all    Citrus 

Foreign  Office  and  counselor  to  the  Chilean  grow-ers     for     a     more     complete     National 

legations  abroad.     It  will  be  referred  to  the  Exchange, 
national  society  of  international  law  in  each 
of  the  twenty-one  American  republics. 


16 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Cuban   cattle  along  the  Vianks  of  a  river. 


CATTLE  RAISING  IN  CUBA 


By  Consul  Henry  M.  Wolcott,  Habana 


Many  inquiries  have  been  received  at  the  Hal)ana  consulate  general  from  Americans  who 
desire  information  as  to  the  possibilities  of  success  in  the  cattle-raising  industry  in  this  country. 
Therefore  it  is  opporttme  to  submit  the  following  report  prepared  liy  an  American  who  for 
14  years  was  directly  engaged  in  this  business  under  very  favorable  conditions  in  the  eastern 
end  of  the  island: 

At  the  close  of  the  Spanish-American  war,  Cuba  was  practically  without  cattle,  and  im- 
portations commenced  in  1899  from  the  United  States,  Mexico,  South  America,  Porto  Rico, 
and  some  from  the  smaller  West  Indies;  mostly  grown  thin  steers  were  brought  from  South 
America  and  female  stock  from  other  places.  The  thin  steers  weighing  about  700  pounds  upon 
arrival,  would  gain  300  pounds  on  the  good  pastures  here  in  five  months,  and  the  net  gain  per 
head  was  about  $10.  The  price  of  beef  cattle  from  1900  to  1904  was  about  6  to  6^  cents  per 
pound  on  the  hoof;  cows,  $60;  bull  yearhngs,  $25,  etc. 

About  1905  the  country  was  overstocked  with  cattle;  exportation  is  impracticable  because 
the  supply  is  too  small  to  properly  fit  out  the  refrigei-ator  carriers  for  dressed  meats,  and  the 
grass-fed  live  cattle  lose  too  much  in  transit.  The  price  began  to  fall  in  1905,  and  at  this  period 
beef  was  selling  from  3  to  33'2  cents  a  pound,  cows  $25,  yearlings  $8  to  $12,  etc.  These  condi- 
tions continued,  and  at  times  there  was  no  demand  until  all  kinds  of  female  stock  was  being 
slaughtered  daily,  and  in  1913  a  scarcity  was  felt,  and  since  then  prices  of  all  kinds  of  cattle 
have  gradually  risen  until  present  sales  are  at  6M  to  7  cents  for  beef,  $55  for  cows,  $25  for  bull 
yearlings,  etc. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


17 


'JMlling  the  soil  with   oxen  driven   plough. 

Prices  of  Pasture  Land — Cattle  Pests. 

Prior  to  1901  good  pasture  land  was  worth  about  $3  per  acre;  to-day  the  same  quality 
will  cost  from  $15  to  $20  an  acre.  Good  ranch  land  is  scarce  at  present,  but  might  be  found 
in  the  Province  of  Camaguey  and  Oriente  at  the  above  prices.  The  other  Provinces  of  the 
island  are  not  rich  in  grazing  lands. 

There  are  several  native  perennial  grasses  used  for  grazing,  but  Guinea  and  Para  (or 
Parana)  grass  are  the  only  ones  of  good  value  for  pasture.  If  the  usual  rains  occur,  the  gra^ 
grows  and  gives  good  feed  every  month  in  the  year,  but  pastures  must  be  fenced  and  allowed 
to  recuperate  a  month  or  two  from  time  to  time  in  order  not  to  kill  them  out  in  times  of  un- 
usual drought.  The  rainfall  here  is  about  57  inches,  and  the  dry  season  extends  from  Novem- 
ber to  March,  during  which  time  the  average  rainfall  is  from  one  to  three  inches. 

CJood  fenced  pasture  land  can  maintain  16  head  of  cattle  on  a  caballeria  of  land  (33  J^  acres) 
the  year  rovmd. 

Black  leg  is  prevalent  in  Cuba  in  all  cattle  less  than  30  months  old.  Anthrax  is  not  un- 
known, and  constant  care  must  be  given  cattle,  especially  young  stock,  to  cure  screw  worms 
caused  by  blow-flies  depositing  eggs  in  any  slight  open  wound  on  an  animal.  The  former  is 
easily  controlled  by  vaccination,  the  second  is  not  serious,  and  the  latter  is  a  matter  for  constant 
care,  but  easily  managed. 

Abundance  of  good  river  water  is  often  found  in  pastures  in  Oriente  Province,  but  parts 
of  Camaguey  depend  on  wells;   this  is  a  very  important  feature  when  bujang  ranch  land. 

The  climate  of  Cxilja  is  subtropical,  and  although  the  sun  is  hot  it  is  always  tempered  by 
the  cool  trade  winds,  and  the  thermometer  never  falls  below  50  in  the  winter. 

The  majority  of  cattle  in  Cuba  to-day  are  of  crosses  Ijetween  the  imports  given  in  the 
first  part  of  this  report  and  bulls  originally  from  Africa  and  India;  the  cows  will  weigh  about 
800  pounds,  and  good  range  three-year-old  steers  will  average  925  pounds.  Some  good  breeds 
have  been  imported  from  the  United  States  and,  in  a  small  way,  are  improving  the  present 
cattle  here. 


18 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


:%3&»t^a?«!ijgB!^-l* 


A  herd   of  heifers,  representing   some   of  the    Im'~i    l.icctis  from  the   I'nited  States,  most  ly 
Cuban-born  yearlings,   at   Estacion. 

The  present  is  a  poor  time  to  buy  ranch  land  or  cattle  in  Cuba,  because  both  are  at 
exceptionally  high  prices. 

In  order  to  succeed  in  the  cattle-raising  industry  here  it  is  necessary  for  the  owner  to 
speak  Spanish  and  to  have  had  a  year  or  two  experience  in  the  Imsiness  in  this  country.  Hired 
help  can  not  be  depended  on  to  conduct  the  lousiness  without  the  ])ersonal  supervision  of  the 
owner. 

Ii)i ports  of  Meat  into  Cuba. 

The  following  table  shows  the  quantities  and  values  of  the  imports  of  salt,  fresh,  cannedi 
and  jerked  beef  into  Cuba  during  the  fiscal  years  1914  and  1915: 


Kind  and  Whence  Imported 
Salt  Eeef 

Tnited  States 

Uruguay 


Total. 


Fresh  Beef 


United  States , 


Canned  Eeef 

United  States 

France 

United  Kingdom 


1914 

1915 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Pounds 

Pounds 

89,941 

«6,4S9 

78,291 

$6,829 

2,468 

236 

92,409 

$6,725 

78,291 

$6,829 

66,999 

$7,60S 

112,010 

$10,299 

57,277 

$10,382 

35,899 

$5,640 

158 

36 

307 

54 

Total 


57,742 


$10,472 


35,899 


$5,640 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


19 


Jerked  Beef 

Iniled  States 1,489,762 

.\rsentina 6,829,0i)7 

rruKuav 14,426,820 

Vene/.uela 62,780 

Total 22,808,429 


$174,664 

870,29.") 

1 ,690,034 

10,992 


136,411 

8,744,7()i) 

11,617,423 


$17,089 

r)4o,0o() 

l,r)7."),497 


$2,74(),48r)        ir,,498,600       $2,137,642 


Miners  at  Work. 


PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 

BuUcliit  of  .Vims,  \o\  I,  Xo.  1.— This  pub- 
lication was  prepared  liy  Si'.  Pabio  Ortega, 
mining  engineer,  and  the  publication  is  a  re- 
port of  the  recently  created  Bureau  of  mines 
which  was  organized  as  a  bureau  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture.  The 
bulletin  contains  a  great  deal  of  information 
which  hitherto  has  not  been  available  be- 
cause it  was  in  the  archives  of  the  Depart- 
ment in  the  form  of  various  papers  printed  in 
Spanish,  French  and  English.  The  publica- 
tion gives  a  complete  statement  of  the  condi- 
tion of  the  mining  industry  prior  to  1885,  and 
it  gives  also  a  complete  statement  of  the  legis- 
lation i)rior  to  1883  affecting  the  mining  in- 
dustry, and  the  information  is  also  arranged 
to  cover  the  mining  industry  up  to  December 


31,  1915.  There  is  a  valuable  digest  of  the 
laws  of  Cuba,  which  have  to  do  with  mining 
and  concessions  for  mining.  The  principal 
mines  in  operation  at  the  present  time  are 
fully  described  and  photographs  arc  given  of 
the  working  of  these  mines.  In  the  statistical 
section,  statements  are  compiled  which  give 
the  mining  concessions  by  provinces,  prior  to 
1899,  and  also  the  same  information  from 
1899  to  1915,  and  the  mines  and  concessions 
authorized  in  1915  are  given  in  a  separate 
table.  These  tables  give  the  name  of  the 
mine,  the  owner  of  the  concession,  the  area  of 
the  property,  the  location  and  date  of  con- 
cession and  also  the  class  of  ore  mined.  The 
volume  also  has  a  map  of  the  province  of 
Pinar  del  Rio  showing  the  location  of  the  con- 
ce,ssions  for  that  province. 


20  THECUBAREVIEW 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD 

The  earnings  of  the  Cuba  Railroad  for  the  month  of  November  and  for  the  five  m.onths 
ended  November  30th  compare  as  follows: 

1916             1915             1914              1913            1912  1911 

Noveniber  gross $501,174     $387,173     $285,225     $342,357  $278,968  $251,023 

Expenses. 421,616       241,406        166,577        195,210  191,188  156,538 

November  net $79,557      .?145,767     $118,648     $147,146  $87,780  $94,484 

Other  incoro.e 673         

^Jet  income 80,231        145,767        118,648        147,146         87,780  94,484 

Fixed  charges $95,216       $78,262       $70,195       $66,791  $66,791  $60,125 


Surplus  for  month  Dec.  .  $14,985       $67,505       $48,452       $80,355       $20,988       $34,359 
From  July  \sl — 

Five  months'  gross $2,657,773  $2,026,929  $1,603,080  $1,715,231  $1,536,542  $1,288,980 

Five  montns' net 930,956       864,203        650,390        742,944       611,085       546,359 

Other  incom.e 4,153         

Fixed  charges 443,840       366,569       351,158       333,958       333,680       300,625 


Five  months' surplus. ..  .      $491,269      $497,634     $299,232     $408,986     $277,404     $245,734 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  of  Novembc-.  11  months  to  Nov.  30th. 

1916  1915  1914  1916  1915  1914 

Gross  earnings $517,627      $481,315     $461,788  $5,457,438  $5,053,635  $4,939,430 

Operating  expenses 194,101        178,828        194,895    2,083,933    2,051,487    2,297,496 

Net  earnings 323,526        302,487       266,893    3,373,505    3,002,148    2,641,934 

Miscellaneous  income...  16,676         32,704  3,240        127,620        124,705         96,606 

Total  net  income 340,202        335,191        270,133    3,501,125    3,126,853     2,738,540 

Surplus    after  deducting 

fixed  charges 203,384       227,442        157,864    2,030,107     1,934,769     1,557,226 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  receivis:                        1916             1915             1914             1913             1912  1911 

Week  ending-Nov.  25th..       £35,160       £27,783       £21,244       £20,994       £21,543  £17,691 

Week  ending  Dec.  2d....         33,889          27,045         22,206         23,081          23,195  20,416 

Week  ending  Dec.  9th....         35,152          29,401          23,059         26,553         25,918  20,887 

Week  ending  Dec.  16th...         36,177          32,973         24,889         32,150         29,629  25,941 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

WeeMy  receipts:                                       1916                     1915  1914  1913 

Week  ending  Dec.    2d. £5,149                  £4,886  £4,806  £5,033 

Week  ending  Dec.    9th. 4,690                    4,842  5,030  5,140 

Week  ending  Dec.  16th 5,739                     5,107  

Week  ending  Dec.  23d 3,582                    4,857  4,567  4,920 


THECUB  A     REVIEW  21 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAYS 

Weekly  rereipts : 

191(j 

191.") 

1914 

1913 

Week  ending  Dec.  2(1 

£<M)73 

£9,7S9 

£6,464 

£6,786 

Week  ending  Dec.  9th 

S,788 

9,()2() 

6,028 

7,043 

Week  ending  Dec.  U>th 

9,564 

10,247 

6,683 

8,139 

Week  ending  Dec.  23d 

9,647 

10,139 

6,997 

7,911 

CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


PREVAILING   PRICES   FOR  CUBAN   SECURITIES 

A$  quoted  by  Lawrence  Turnure  &  Co.,  Ntte  York. 

Bid.  Asked. 

RepubUc  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 92  93H 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  4^^%  Bonds  of  1949 86^  87^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 96^  96i^ 

RepubUc  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 98^  99 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 103  105 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101  103 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 94  97 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 95  96^ 

Cuba  Co.  6%  Debenture  Bonds 99^^  lOOJ^ 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 100  102 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 93  95 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Preferred  Stock 104  106 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Common  Stock 99  lOOH 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100  none 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 104  110 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 175  185 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  CoUateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 101 K  102 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 63  67 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  Mtge.  Bonds 92  95 

All  prices  of  bonds  quoted  on  an  and  interest  basis. 


CUBA  CANE    SUGAR  CORPORATION  THE  A.  H.  LAMBORN  CO. 

Stockholders  of  the  Cuba  Cane  Sugar  Corp.  It  is  announced  that  on  January'  1,   1917, 

were  informed  by  the  management  at  the  Mr.  William  V.  Wood,  who  has  been  actively 

annual  meeting  that  production  in  the  current  identified  with  the  sugar  trade  for  the  past 

season  would  probably  approach   4,000,000  thirty  years,   joined   this   organization   as   a 

bags  of  raw  sugar,  compared  with  3,100,000  stockholder  and  member  of  the  metropolitan 

bags  last  season.    The  estimated  output  of  the  department. 

Stewart   Sugar   Company,    recently     bought  Effective  at  the  same  time,  the  refined  sugar 

was  included  in  the  total.  Ijrokerage  business  of  Messrs.  B.  W.  Dj-er  & 

The  Board  of  Directors  was  reduced  from  Company  was  absorbed,  Mr  Dyer  becoming 

twenty-foiu-  to  twenty-two  members.    It  was  a  stockholder  and  an  active  member  of  the 

announced  that  shipping  contracts  at  advan-  organization. 

tageous  rates  had  been  made  for  2,000,000  Messrs.  Wood  and  Dyer  have  been  elected 

bags  of  the  current  season's  yield.  directors  of  the  corporation. 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


FIRST  ANNUAL  REPORT 
CUBA  CANE  SUGAR  CORPORATION 

FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDING  SEPTEMBER  30,   1916 

This  company  was  incorporated  on  December  31,  1915.  Its  first  fiscal  period  ended  on 
September  30,  1916,  comi)rising  therefore,  only  nine  months.  The  i)hintations  acquired  were 
all  purchased  as  going  concerns  and  the  vendors  accounted  to  the  Corporation  for  all  profits 
from  December  1,  191.5  (the  beginning  of  the  crop  year).  The  operations  of  the  company  for  the 
nine  months'  period  ending  September  30,  1916,  therefore  cover  a  full  grinding  season.  The 
1915-16  crop  was  necessarily  made  under  the  management  of  the  various  vendors  as  the  prop- 
erties were  taken  over  at  different  times  during  the  grinding  season,  the  last  plantation  not  being 
taken  over  until  April,  1916,  although  the  profits  from  December  1,  were  turned  over  with  the 
property.  This  fact  must  be  taken  into  account  in  judging  of  the  year's  results.  The  earnings 
for  the  nine  months  ending  September  30,  1916,  were  as  follows: 
Operating  Profit  from  December  1,  1915 -SI 4,729,087.59 

Less : 

Interest  and  Exchange $91,385.85 

Reserve  for  Taxes,  Etc 290;000.00 

Dead  Season  Expenses  at  Plantation  from  completion  of  Grinding 

to  September  30,  1916 918,689.17 

Reserve  for  Depreciation 1,250,000.00 

2,550,075.02 

Balance  being  Net  Profit $12,179,012.57 

From  December  1,  1915,  to  September  30,  1916,  the  company  expended  for  renewals  and 
repairs  approximately  $990,000,  which  have  been  deducted  before  arriving  at  the  net  earnings 
of  the  period.  The  expenditure  of  this  smu  placed  the  plants  in  as  good  wjrking  conditions  as 
when  the  grinding  season  started  The  item  of  $1,250,000  for  depreciation  charged  to  the  earn- 
ings for  the  year  is  in  addition  to  the  sum  of  .$990,000  before  mentioned. 

By  far  the  greater  part  of  the  cane  ground  at  the  company's  mills  is  raised  !)>'  tenant 
farmers  (colonos),  who,  as  is  customary  in  Cuba,  are  entitled  to  their  pay  in  raw  sugar  at  a 
definite  number  of  pounds  of  raw  sugar  per  100  pounds  of  cane  delivered  at  the  mill,  or  the 
equivalent  in  cash  at  current  local  quotations.  It  results  from,  these  arrangements  that  only  a 
part  of  the  sugar  made  by  the  Company  is  its  own  property,  the  remaining  portion  belonging 
to  the  colonos.  The  colonos'  sugar  is  generallysold  either  to  or  through  the  company,  although 
a  certain  amount  of  the  cane  every  season  is  settled  for  by  the  delivery  of  raw  sugar  in  kind. 
The  effect  of  these  arrangements  is  to  make  the  colono  share  in  the  benefit  of  high  prices  for 
sugar  and  to  make  him  l)ear  his  proportion  of  the  disadvantage  resulting  from  low  prices.  It 
will  be  understood  that  the  cost  of  the  Company's  cane  is  thus  very  much  less  when  sugar 
prices  are  low  then  during  .seasons  when  the  prices  of  sugar  are  high. 

PROPERTY  ACCOUNT 

The  Company  at  the  outset  purchased  17  plantations  in  the  Island  oi  Cuba,  of  which  one 
small  plantation  (Asuncion)  has  since  been  resold.  This  plantation  was  originally  purchased 
only  because  the  owner  of  Conchita,  who  also  owned  Asuncion,  declined  to  sell  the  former,  with- 
out the  latter.  As  Asuncion  is  located  at  a  distance  from  all  the  other  plantations  of  the 
Company,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  resell  it. 

To  bring  the  operating  efficienc>  of  all  the  j^'ants  ir()  to  the  standard  we  have  set  for  our- 
selves and  to  increase  their  capacity  where  such  increase  was  adiisal^le,  considerable  machin- 
ery has  been  purchased  and  installed.  In  order  to  round  out  the  land  holdings  of  certain  of  the 
plantations,  purchases  of  228  caballerias  (7,600  acres)  of  land  have  been  made.  During  the 
period  under  review,  the  Company  also  purchased  the  Stewart  plantation  and  mill.  The 
Stewart  is  a  thoroughly  modern  mill,  with  a  capacity  of  550,000  bags,  and  is  located  in  the 
Eastern  end  of  Cuba,  near  the  plantations  Moron  and  Jagiieyal.    This  plantation  was  taken 


THECUBAREVIEW  23 

over  at  the  end  of  the  grinding  season,  the  1915-1()  croj)  remaining  the  proijerty  of  tlie  vendors 
The  above  purchases  and  additions  from  April  30,  1916,  aggi-egating  $9,150,689.41,  were  paid 
for  without  the  issue  of  any  additional  securities. 

Tlie  Property  Accoimt  as  of  Septeml)er  30,  191(5,  is  made  up  as  follows: 

Cost  of  Projjerties  to  April  30,  1916 $48,956,280.22 

Transfer  Taxes,  Notary  Fees,  FAc 164,010.46 

Purchase  of  Stewart  Property 18,400,000.00 

Lands  and  Warehouses  Purchased 330,955.20 

Betterments,  Buildings,  Machinery,  FAc,  Etc 419,734.21 

—         9,150,689.41 

Lc-is:  $58,270,986.09 

Sale  of  Asuncion,  Sale  of  Machinery,  Etc 634,870.44 

$57,636,115.65 

All  the  Com]janv's  properties  were  acquired  free  of  liens  and  unencumbered,  except  in 
cases  where  such  liens  and  encumbrances  could  not  be  cancel 'ed  and,  in  those  cases,  the  amount 
thereof  was  deducted  from  the  purchase  price  and  deposited  bv  this  Companv  with  the 
Gu  irantv  Trust  Companv  of  Xew  York  in  a  special  account,  as  shown  in  the  balance  sheet. 

Tlie  property  of  the  Company  now  consists  of  17  fully  equipped  .sugar  mills,  having  a 
working  capacity  of  approxunately  4,000,000  bags  of  sugar,  as  follows: 

ALAVA  JOBO  MARIA  VICTORIA  SAX  IGXACIO 

COXCHITA  JULIA  MERCEDES  SOCORRO 

FELIZ  LEQUEITIO  MOROX  SOLEDAD 

JAGUEYAL  LUGARENO  PERSEVERAXCIA  STEWART 

SAXTA  GERTRUDIS 

LAXDS 

TJie  Company  owns  in  fee  10,577  caballerias  of  land,  equal  to  352,566  acres,  and  iiolds 
under  lease, — most  of  these  leases  being  for  a  long  period — 5,830  caballerias  of  land,  eoual  to 
194,333  acres  of  additional  land.  Fiu-tnermore,  the  Companj^  has  satisfactory  contracts  for 
the  jnirchase  of  cane  from  the  owners  or  lessees  of  large  tracts  of  other  lands  tributary  to  its 
mills.  The  Company  is  thus  assured  of  a  supply  of  cane  ample  for  the  present  and  future  re- 
quirements of  its  factories. 

GEXERAL  EQUIPMEXT 

Besides  the  sugar  mills  and  cane  lands,  the  properties  include  machine  shops,  srores, 
workmen's  houses,  offices,  residences  of  managers,  superintendents,  chenv'sts,  etc.;  also  cane 
carts,  oxen,  and  all  other  appurtenances  proper  for  the  operation  of  well  equipped  sugar  estates. 

RAILROADS 

The  Company  owns  and  operates  for  the  transportation  of  its  products  and  supplies, 
737  kilometers  (458  miles)  of  railway  of  wnich  434  kilometers  are  standard  gauge  and  303  kilo- 
meters are  narrow  guage,  together  with  equipment  consisting  of  93  locomotives,  of  which  64 
are  standard  gauge  and  29  narrow  gauge,  and  2,475  cane  cars,  of  wJiich  1,470  are  standard 
gauge  and  1,005  are  narrow  gauge. 

ORGAXIZATIOX 

The  Company  is  proceeding  systematically  to  organize  its  various  departments  so  that  the 
best  and  most  economical  results  may  l^e  attained  in  all  branches  of  the  Company's  business. 

PRODUCTIOX 

During  the  clu-rent  fiscal  period  the  Company  produced  3,174,168  bags  of  an  average 
weight  of  320  lbs.  each,  of  raw  sugar,  equal  to  452,035  tons  of  2240  lbs.  each.  The  production 
of  Stewart  is  not  included  in  the  above,  as  that  plantation  was  purchased  after  tlie  completion 
of  the  crop.  All  of  this  sugar  has  been  sold.  Sugar  unshipped  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  period 
on  September  30  has  been  taken  up  in  the  accounts  at  net  sales  price. 

STEAMSHIP  FREIGHTS 
The  Company  was  fortunate,  through  the  intervention  of  Czarnikow-Rionda  Company, 
in  securing  tonnage  for  the  last  croj)  at  the  low  rate  of  25c.  per  100  ll)s.    This  proved  of  great 


24  THECUBAREVIEW 


advantage  as  freights  went  as  high  as  GOc.  per  100  ]l)s.  (hiring  the  season,  the  average  f(jr  the 
year  being  48c. 

For  the  coming  season,  tonnage  for  the  Company's  sugar  has  again  ]:)een  secured  at  very 
favorable  rates  through  the  same  soiu-ce. 

PLANS  FOR  INCREASED  PRODUCTION 

The  Company  is  proceeding  with  plans  to  increase  its  output  approximately  as  follows: 
1917—3,800,000  to  4,000,000  bags 
1918—4,400,000  to  4,600,000    " 
1919— 4,800,000  to  5,100,000    " 

The  greater  part  of  these  increases  are  planned  for  the  Eastern  end  of  Culja,  where 
land  and  the  cost  of  cane  are  cheapest  and  where  railroad  freights  are  lower  than  in  the  West. 

The  improvements  which  are  being  made  in  the  factories  should  show  some  result  in  the 
coming  crop  of  1916-17,  and  still  greater  results  in  the  crop  of  1917-18  when  most  of  this 
work  will  have  been  completed.  Improvements  in  the  production  of  cane  probably-  \\ill  not 
show  before  the  crop  of  1918-19  because  of  the  time  it  requires  to  mature  the  cane  from  the  time 
of  its  planting.  It  is  expected  that  marked  improvements  will  result  along  the  lines  of  better 
cultivation,  with  fertilization,  where  needed,  and  irrigation  at  points  where  irrigation  can  be 
economically  introduced. 

PROSPECTS  FOR  NEXT  SEASON. 

For  the  coming  season  the  care  is  in  good  condition.  The  first  of  tha  plantations  started 
grinding  on  December  10.  In  many  plantations,  weather  favoring  the  start,  will  be 
earlier  than  last  year,  notwithstanding  the  many  difficulties  exijerienced  in  the  shipment  of 
machinery  purchased.  C\iba  has  experienced  unusually  heavy  rains  during  November.  These 
rains,  if  not  continued  through  December,  will  have  a  favorable  effect.  If  continued  too  long 
their  effect  on  the  crop  a«11  be  adverse. 

The  prospects  for  sugar  prices  for  the  coming  season  are  favoraljle,  as  there  are  more 
countries  in  Europe  and  elsewhere  that  will  this  year  be  compelled  to  import  sugar. 

ASSETS 

Properties  and  Plants $57,636,115.65 

Advance  Payments — Machinery  and  Betterments 140,156.37 

$57,776,272.02 

Cultivations — Achninstration  Cane 1,122,568.90 

Materials  and  Supplies 1,703,706.14 

Current  Assets  and  Advances  to  Colonos: 

Advances  to  Colonos  less  Reserve  for  Doubtful  Account $3,659,019.49 

Advances  to  Stores 26,208.98 

Centrifugal  and  Molasses  Sugars: 

On  hand  at  September  30,  1916,  Valued  at  Net  Sold  Prices, 

less  Shipping  and  Selling  Expenses 3,421,414.71 

Accounts  and  Bills  Receivable,  less  Reserve  for  Doubtful 

Accounts 760,793.36 

Cash 1,527,723.42 

Cash  on  deposit  to  meet  Dividend  due  Oct.  1,  1916 875,000.00 

10,270,159.96 

Security  for  Rede?nption  nf  Liens  emdCensos  on  Properties — 

Cash  Deposited  with  Trust  Company $1,669,482.13 

Bonds  of  Cia  Central  Mercedes  Deposited 60,000.00 

1,729,482.13 

Deferred  Charges : 

Insurance,  Rents  and  Taxes  paid  in  advance $267,624.60 

Items  in  Suspense 7,500.00 

— ■  275,124.60 


$72,877,313.75 


THECUBAREVIEW  25 

LIABILITIES 

Declared  Capital .S52,r)()(),U0O.0(> 

500,000  Shares  T/c  Cumulative  Convertil)le  Pniferred  Stock 

par  value,  $100.00  each. 
.500,000  Shares  Common  Stock  without  uoiniual  or  j)ar  value. 

Bills  Payable $3,83G,229..")7 

Drafts  Outstanding 405,000.00 

Accounts  Payable  and  Accrued  Charges , 2,140,094.73 

Dividend  Xo.  3  (payable  October  1,  1916) 875,000.00 

7,256,324.30 


Liens  on  Properties — Cash  deposited,  per  contra $937,688.82 

Censos  on  Properties — Cash  deposited,  per  contra 731,793.31 

Bonds  of  Cia  Central  Mercedes  owned  by  Corporation  and  Out- 
standing as  Guarantee,  per  contra 60,000.00 


Reserves: 

Taxes,  Etc $290,000.00 

Dejireciation 1,250,000.00 


1,729,482.13 


1,540,000.00 


Surplus  Account: 

Balance,  as  per  Profit  and  Loss  Account 9,851,507.32 


^2.877,313. 75 


PROFIT  AND  LOSS  ACCOUNT— SEPTEMBER  30,   1916. 

Operating  Profit  from  December  1,  1915 $14,729,087.59 

Less : 

Interest  and  Exchange $91,385.85 

Reserve  for  Taxes,  Etc 290,000.00 

Dead  Season  Expenses  at  Plantations  from  completion  of  Grind- 
ing to  September  30th,  1916 918,689.17 

Reserve  for  Depreciation 1,250,000.00 

• 2,-550,075.02 


Balance  being  Net  Profit $12,179,012.57 

Dedticl: 
Dividends  declared  on  Cumulative  Convertil^le  Preferred  Stock, 
payable : 

No.  1,  April  1st,  1916—1%% $875,000.00 

No.  2,  July  1st,  1916-1%% 875,000.00 

No.  3,  October  1st,  1916—1%% 875,000.00 


$2,625,000.00 
Less :     Accrued  Dividends  on  Stock  issued  subsequent  to  January 

January  1,  1916 297,494.75 

2,327,505.25 


Balance  carried  to  Surplus  Account $9,851,507.32 

EXPORTS  OF  WATCHES  FROM  U.  S.  TO  CUBA 

J'iscal  year  ended  June  30 
1911     1912     1913     1914     1915     1916 
Exported  to  Cuba $2,846    $1,852    $8,094    $2,844    $4,814    $6,289 


26 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN    COMMERCIAL   MATTERS 


CUBA  R.  R.  CO. 

In  an  interview  accorded  a  representative 
of  The  Cuba  Review,  Mr.  Whigham,  President 
of  the  Cuba  Railroad  Company,  stated 
that  the  many  problems  of  congested  traffic 
were  rapidly  being  solved,  that  the  new 
equipment  needed  by  the  road  was  now  in 
Cuba,  the  reballasting  of  the  tracks  was 
]iroceeding  rapidly,  and  that,  furthermore, 
the  new  terminal  facilities,  docks,  ware- 
houses, etc.,  at  Nuevitas,  would  be  available 
in  February.  This  new  connection  between 
Nuevitas  and  Camaguey  would  greatly 
relieve  the  congestion  of  the  main  line  and 
at  the  various  terminal  points,  notably, 
Antilla.  Mr.  Whigham  said  that  for  the 
six  months,  January  to  July,  1917,  the 
gross  traffic  revenue  would,  without  douljt, 
amount  to  $18,000  per  mile. 

With  reference  to  the  recent  appointment 
of  Mr.  C.  R.  Hudson  as  Vice-President  and 
General  Manager  of  the  Cuba  Railroad, 
with  headquarters  at  Camaguey,  Mr.  Whig- 
ham emphasized  the  statement  which  was 
made  l)y  Mr.  Hudson  to  the  effect  that  the 
CuV>ans  in  charge  of  operating  the  Cuba 
Railroad  were  deserving  of  great  comm.enda- 
tion  in  the  way  that  matters  were  handled 
during  the  season  1915-16,  and  that  also 
the  Cuban  railroad  employes  showed  greater 
aptitude  for  handling  traffic  than  did  the 
Mexicans,  for  example.  Mr.  Hudson  was 
also  greatly  impressed  by  the  opportunities 
now  ahead  of  the  Cuba  Railroad  and  thought 
that  the  difficidties  presented  by  the  un- 
precedented amount  of  freight  to  be  moved 
were  to  be  quickly  and  efficiently  overcome. 


scalf:s 


"Decision  No.  7158. — In  the  City  of  Havana, 
on  August  4,  1916.  at  the  regular  meeting  of 
the  Junta  de  Protestas,  the  following  decision 
was  decreed.  Whereas:  Messrs.  R.  K.  Carter 
&  Co.  protested  against  the  appraisement 
made  on  page  66,311  of  the  Custom  House 
of  this  port,  of  an  importation  of  a  scale 
for  weighing  sugar  according  to  item  214  of  the 
Tariff,  it  being  claimed  that  part  215  B  is  the 
one  that  should  be  applied,  as  it  was  de^^tined 
to  the  "colonia"  of  Sr.  R.  Angulo,  situated 
in  Manati.  The  office  of  the  Custom  House 
Collector  stated  that  he  confirmed  the  ap- 
praisement as  they  considered  that  said  bene- 


fits are,  as  determined  by  Law,  for  the  In- 
genios  and  not  for  the  "colonias  de  cana''. 
The  said  protest  was  sent  to  this  Junta  by  the 
Collector  of  the  Custom  House  with  letter 
dated  April  5  last.      Whereas:   When  on  ap- 
pointing the  daj'  for  making  the  protest,  Sr. 
Jose  Fresneda  appeared,  and  ratified  the  pro- 
test and  showed  that  this  scale  should  be  in- 
cluded under  part  215  B,  inasmuch  as  what  is 
granted  to  the  owner  of  an  estate,  who  is 
rich,  should  also  be  granted  to  the  "colono'", 
who  is  not  rich.     Whereas:  The  protest  was 
duly  and  forma Jy  established.    Considering: 
That  according  to  the  papers  in  the  case,  the 
merchandise   whose   tariff   classification   has 
occasioned  this  protest,  consists  of  a  scale  for 
weighing  cane  to  be  installed  at  the  "colonia" 
of  Mr.  R.  Angulo,  situated  in  Manati,  Ter- 
mino  Municipal  de  las  Tunas,  Provincia  de 
Oriente.   Considering:  That  item  215  B  of  the 
Tariff,  a«  modified  by  Decree  No.   121,  of 
January  27,  1908,  comprises  apparatus  and 
machinery  as  well  as  integral  parts  of  same, 
which  having  various  applications  in  industry 
and  agriculture  are  destined  as  auxiliaries  for 
the  manufacture  of  sugar,  provided  they  are 
imported  for  or  by  the  planters,  who  under 
the  Ordinances  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  will  give  proof  of  the  installa- 
tion of  same.    Considering:  That  in  the  pre- 
sent case  it  concerns  a  scale  which  is  to  be 
used  on  a  cane  plantation,  for  which  it  is 
necessary  to  recognize  the  right  of  its  being 
classified  under  item  215  B,  provided  that  in 
due  time  its  installation  is  proven  in  accord- 
ance with  the  requirements  demanded  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  inasmuch  as  ac- 
cording to  the  papers  in  the  case  it  can  be 
seen  that  the  oath  demanded  by  Cicrular  Xo. 
128  of  1901  has  been  given.     In  view  of  the 
documents  and  the  legal  dispostions  appli- 
cable to  the  case,  we  unanimously  resolve  to 
recogize  the  present  protest  as  the  classifica- 
tion of  the  scale  in  question  corresponds  to 
item  215  B;  and  to  communicate  this  reso- 
lution to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  to 
the  Custom  House  Collector  of  this  port  and 
to  Messrs.  R.  K.  Carter  &  Co.  for  the  purposes 
of  Decree  No.  80  of  January  25,  1909,  and  as 
soon  as  this  resolution  is  entered  to  return  the 
papers  forwarded,  making  due  note  in  the 
respective  files." 

We  have  quoted  this  decision  in  full  because 
it  is  interesting  inasmuch  as  item  No.  214  of 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


27 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


the  C'uhau  'I'aritT  cai-rics  a  st'i't"'":*'  '"ite  of 
2b^c  acl  valorem  wliich,  with  the  reci])rocity 
reduction  to  the  United  States,  niake.s  a  net 
rate  of  18.35%,  whereas  item  No.  215B  under 
the  same  concUtions  makes  the  net  rate  of 
7M%)  and  this  decision  is  o^  importance  be- 
cause, while  we  understand  it  is  not  the  first 
decision,  it  confirms  strong  y  tie  precedent 
that  in  the  importation  of  sugar  niacninery 
under  the  Cuban  Tariff,  the  colono  is  l)eno- 
fited  to  the  same  extent  as  the  sugar  central, 
W'hich  may  import  sugar  machinery  directly 
for  its  own  use,  whereas  the  use  of  the  scale 
in  question  by  the  .colono  has  to  do  indirectly 
with  the  actual  manufactUx-e  of  sugar. 


country,  thus  facilitating  negotiations,  as  welt 
as  creating  a  Ijctter  impression  and  closer  con- 
tact commercial!}'. — Conmd  R.  M.  Barlkmaii,. 

CioiJiieqoK. 


GASOLINE  MOTORS 

A  verj-  fair  demand  for  gasoline  motors  ex- 
ists in  the  Cienfuegos  district,  but  on  accoimt 
of  the  excessive  advance  in  the  price  of  gaso- 
line there  is  a  tendency  to  turn  to  the  crude- 
oil    engine. 

The  following  quotations  have  been  ob- 
tained: 1?4  horsepower,  $78;  1^4  horsepower, 
$55;  4K  horsepower,  $95;  4  horsepower. 
$180;  6  horsepower,  $185,  $215,  and  .$.375;  8 
horsepower,  $285. 

Dealers  also  offer  a  complete  i)lant  for  light- 
ing and  industrial  purposes  (the  heating  fea- 
ture being  superfluous  for  this  climate),  con- 
sisting of  engine,  motor,  and  storage  battery, 
with  a  capacity  for  10  lights,  costing  at  fac- 
tory $150,  placed  on  market  here  at  $240. 
Others,  of  20-1  ight  capacity,  with  a  factory 
cost  of  $200,  sell  here  at  $320. 
Service  for  Both  Power  and  Light. 

In  this  district  pretentious  residences,  war- 
ranting the  installation  of  electric  lights  or 
farms  where  the  development  of  power  is  de- 
sirable are  very  limited  in  number.  Every 
important  center  of  population,  including  the 
sugar  plantations,  has  service  for  both  ]>ower 
and  light,  although  it  is  probable  that  much 
of  the  current  is  availaljle  only  during  the 
"lighting"  hours,  from  sunset  to  sunrise.  In 
this  city,  however,  it  is  stated  that  every- 
thing is  in  readiness  for  daily  service  except 
the  running  of  the  cable,  the  delivery  of  which 
has  been  delayed  several  months. 

The  names  of  individuals  and  firms  who 
may  be  interested  in  this  subject  are  for- 
warded. It  is  suggested  that  corres])ondence 
be  conducted  in  Spanish,  the  language  of  the 


CUBA'S   TRADE    IN    PLAYING    CARDS 

Cul)a's  imports  of  playing  cards  in  the 
fiscal  twelvemonth  ended  Juuq  30,  1916, 
reached  a  higher  figure  than  in  any  of  the 
three  preceding  years,  being  3,734  gioss,  as 
against  2,S49  gross  in  1914-15,  2,889  gioss 
in  1913-14,  and  3,352  gross  in  1912-13.  Of 
these  cards  approximately  ],000  gross  came 
each  year  fiom  the  United  States. 

Spain  is  the  largest  exporter  of  cards  to 
Cuba,  its  exports  amounting  to  2,500  to  3,000 
gi'oss  per  annum.  All  cards  exported  from 
Spain  have  the  Spanish  faces  and  they  are  in 
general  use  all  over  the  island,  the  American 
faces  being  used  in  clulis  wheie  poker  is  the 
piincipal  game.  There  are  three  grades  of 
Spanish  playing  cards  imported  into  Cuba^ 
known  as  Sol,  Loba,  and  Heraldo.  Foimerly 
there  was  a  large  sale  of  the  first  of  these, 
but  since  the  imposition  of  an  internal 
revenue  tax  of  5  cents  on  each  pack,  importa- 
tions have  fallen  off.  They  are  of  the  very 
poorest  quality,  crudely  lithographed  on  a 
cheap  straw'board.  At  the  present  time  the 
imports  are  about  evenly  divided  between  the 
Loba  and  the  Heraldo,  but  the  latter  board 
is  glowing  in  popularity.  The  prices  per 
gross  paid  by  the  Haliana  exporters  for  these 
cards  at  the  factory  in  Spain  are:  Sol,  $1.60; 
Loba,  $5.50;  Heialdo,  $11.56. 

The  Spanish  cards  are  sold  by  traveling 
representatives  of  the  Spanish  factories  who 
visit  Cuba  every  two  years.  American  cauls 
are  sold  by  representatives  who  visit  Habana 
annually.  Merchants  in  the  interior  are 
supplied  by  the  Habana  jobbers. — Special 
Agent  Robert  S.  Barrett. 


LOVEJOY,  MATHERI8C  HOUGH 

In  view  of  the  increasing  business  in  Cuba^ 
this  concern  has  decided  to  open  an  office  in 
Havana,  the  temporary  address  of  which  will 
be  21  Obi.spo  Street  until  the  new  Horter 
Building,  corner  of  Obispo  and  Oficios  Streets, 
is  completed.  Mr.  Carlos  F.  Noyes,  Certified 
Public  Accountant,  will  be  in  charge  of  the 
Cuban  office. 


•2S 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 

The  High  Price  of  Sugar  and  Hoio  to  Reduce 
It,  l5y  Harold  Hamel  Smith,  Editor  Tropical 
Life,  pal)'ished  by  Bale,  Sons  &  Danielsson, 
Ltd.,  London,  England. 

IMr.  Smitii  treats  his  case  under  the  foUow- 
ins  heads: 

The  Case  of  India  and  tlie  West  Indies, 

A  Competitor  on  India  as  a  Cane-Sugar 
Producing  Centre, 

Experts  Discuss  the  Sugar  Industry  in 
India, 

When  Will  India  Export  Sugar  to  England, 

The  Cuban  Out]:)Ut  and  the  Shrinkage  in 
Sugar  Supplies, 

Cane-Farming  in  the  West  Indies, 

The  Java  Out  out, 

The  Present  and  the  Possible  Output  of 
Sugar  within  the  Empire,  exclusive  of  India, 

A  Double  Tribute  to  the  Dietetic  Value  of 
Sugai, 

The  Engineers  and  the  Increased  Output. 

H'j  conclusions  are  briefly  as  follows: 

First:  In  order  to  reduce  tlie  p. ice  of  sugar 
it  is  necessarv  to  increase  the  production  of 
cane  sugar,  and  this,  Mr.  Smith  believes,  can 
be  accomplished  by  better  training  of  the 
laborers  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  sugar 
cane. 

Second:  Mr.  Smith  discusses  the  practi- 
cability of  inci  easing  the  production  of  tne 
land  now  under  sugaj-  cultivation  by  means  of 
intensive  Cultivation  as  opposed  to  extensive 
•cultivation,  and  it  is  emphasized  that  the 
sugar  production  of  India,  can  be  greatly  en- 
larged, that  is  to  say,  the  production  of  India 
is  approximately  2,600,000  tons  of  sugar  and 
gur,  and  in  addition  500,000  tons  of  palm 
sugar,  which  is  not  sufficient  to  supply  the 
domestic  consumers  in  India,  making  it 
necessary  to  import  some  800,000  tons  per 
yea;,  and  Mr.  Smith  points  out  that  with  the 
proper  method  of  cultivation,  India  could 
produce  at  least  5,000,000  tons  of  sugar. 


PHILIPPINE  SUGAR 

The  Bureau  of  Science  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  which  is  constantly  studying  the 
sugar  industry  in  the  islands  and  assisting 
sugar  producers  to  develop  new  methods  with 
the  object  of  increased  output  and  higher 
quality,  has  issued  a  statement  of  preventable 
losses  in  sugar  production,  and  a  comparison 
of  results  between  the  present  method  and 
that  ol  employing  a  central  factory. 


PUBLICATIONS   RECEIVED 

Handling  Coal  in  the  Victor  Power  Plant, 
Book  No.  296,  published  bv  the  Link-Belt 
Co. 

Handling  Coal  and  Ashes  in  the  Power 
House  of  Wm.  H.  Grundy  &  Co.  wi'.h  Link- 
Belt  Machinenj,  Book  Xo.  288,  published  bv 
the  Link-Belt  Co. 

Copies  of  these  publications  can  be  ob- 
tained on  application  to  the  Link-Belt  Com- 
pany, Philadelphia,  Chicago  or  Indianapolis. 


THE  INSULAR  POSSESSIONS  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES— THE  REPUBLIC  OF  CUBA 

Under  this  title,  Harvey  Fisk  &  Sons, 
Bankers  and  Govermnent  Bond  Dealers  of 
New  York,  have  published  an  one-hundred 
and  twenty  page  pamphlet  descriptive  of  the 
Island  p;)ssessions  of  the  United  States, 
Hawaii,  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  Porto 
Rico;  and  of  the  Republic  of  Cuba. 

The  book  contains  chapters  on  the  area 
and  population,  products  and  industries, 
banks,  commerce,  finances  and  bonded  debts 
also  historical  notes. 

The  book  will  be  found  valuable  for  refer- 
ence not  only  by  investors  but  also  by  all  per- 
sons who  wish  to  ))e  well  informed  about  these 
island  countries. 

There  is  more  information  about  these 
countries  packed  between  the  covers  of  this 
book  than  can  be  found  anywhere  else  in 
similar  compass. 


Bulletin  No.  183,  Vol.  XVIII,  Cattle  Feed- 
ing, published  by  Purdue  University  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Station,  Lafayette,  Ind. 

BuUetin  No.  184,  Vol.  XVIII,  Sheep 
Feeding,  published  by  Purdue  University 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Lafayette, 
Ind. 

Bulletin  No.  196,  Vol.  XIX,  Cost  of 
Raising  Leghorn  Pullets,  published  by  P*urdue 
University  Agricultural  Experiment  Station, 
Lafayette,  Ind. 

Bulletin  No.  191,  Vol.  XIX,  Cattle  Feeding, 
published  by  Purdue  University  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  Lafayette,  Ind. 

Bulletin  No.  192,  Vol.  XIX,  Sheep  Feeding, 
published  by  Purdue  University  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  Lafayette,  Ind. 

Bulletin  No.  195,  Vol.  XIX,  Temperature 
E.r.periments  in  Incubation,  published  by 
Purdue  University  Agricultural  E.xperimeut 
Station,  Lafayette,  Ind. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


29 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


THE  CUBAN  SUGAR  CROP  FOR  1917 

[Consul  Henry  M.   W'olcott,  Hiivanii.] 

For  the  week  ended  January  X,  1!)17,  112 
■Cuban  sufjar  centrals  were  grinding,  as  com- 
pared with  137  in  the  corresponding  week  of 
191<).  Twenty-six  nulls  began  operations 
during  the  past  week.  Tlie  arrivals  of  sugars 
of  the  present  crop  total  71,259  tons,  the  fig- 
ures for  the  corres])onding  date  in  191()  being 
148,942  tons. 

The  early  estimates  of  local  experts  for  the 
present  year's  (1917)  production  were  be- 
tween 400,000  and  600,000  tons  in  excess  of 
last  year's  record  crop  of  3,000,000  tons. 
These  estimates  were  usually  given,  however, 
on  condition  that  the  weather  prove  as  favor- 
able as  last  year,  which  was  abnormally  good 
in  that  respect. 

The  actual  results  of  the  grinding  up  to  date 
are  decidedlj'  disappointing  though  there  is 
little  doubt  that  the  tonnage  of  cane  available 
for  grinding  is  sufficiently  in  excess  of  last 
year's  cro])  to  warrant  the  optimistic  estimates 
of  local  authorities.  The  final  results  will 
dej)end  on  weather  conditions  for  the  re- 
mainder of  the  season,  the  labor  supply,  ren- 
dement  (sugar  yield)  of  the  cane,  transporta- 
tion service  and  other  factors  at  present 
tlifficult  or  impossible  accurately  to  predict. 
Up  to  the  jiresent,  dry  weather  has  been  gen- 
erally prevalent,  but  there  has  been  a  notable 
absence  of  the  cool  temperatures  usual  in 
December  and  January.  The  consequence  has 
been  an  average  rendement  below  normal. 
Sb-ike  Causes  Delay — Yield  May  Fall  Short  of 

Estimates. 

The  railroad  strikes  and  other  labor  troul:)les 
which  occurred  throughtout  the  'sland  in 
December  caused  great  difficulty  in  the  move- 
ment of  machinery  -mports  tor  new  mill 
equipment.  The  result  has  been  vexatious 
delays  in  the  installations  of  new  machinery 
in  many  ot  the  mills  and  consequent  tardy 
beginning  of  operations.  While  the  railroad 
strikes  have  been  settled,  the  supply  of  labor 
for  the  cane  fields  is  far  l)elow  the  demand  and 
it  seems  likely  that  there  will  be  a  shortage  of 
available  labor  during  the  entire  campaign. 

Considering  all  these  facts,  and  counting  on 
normal  weather  conditions  late  in  the  season, 
it  now  seems  that  the  volume  of  the  1917  crop 
will  fall  considerably  shortof  the  first  estimates, 
iiotwithstanding    the    enormous     tonnage    of 


available  cane  and  the  fact  tiiat  Ki  additional 
mills  will  probably  grind.  Many  well-in- 
foruKKl  persons  are  now  frankly  predicting 
that  the  present  crop  will  not  much  exceed 
that  of  191.5-l(i.  However,  it  seems  that  such 
a  result  could  only  be  brought  about  by  ex- 
ceedingly unfavorable  weather  conditions  and 
other  vital  factors  durinp-  the  balance  of  the 
season. 


HONGKONG  SUGAR  TRADE 

[Conaiil  General  George  E.  Anderson,  Hon<jkong.] 

^^'hile  the  sugar  trade  generally  is  unusualh- 
prosperous  the  refining  of  sugar  in  Hongkong 
is  not  proceeding  in  as  great  a  vohmie  as  was 
expected  a  short  time  ago,  especially  with  ref- 
erence to  the  demand  for  sugar  in  Russia.  The 
Russian  Government  has  made  arrangement 
for  the  importation  of  300,000  tons  of  sugar, 
free  of  duty  during  the  current  year,  through 
Vladivostok,  but  these  imports  have  been 
much  slower  than  was  anticipated.  Most  of 
the  trade  apparently  has  gone  to  Japanese  re- 
fineries and  largely  represents  Formosan  sugar 
production. 

The  1916-17  Formosan  crop  is  unusually 
large  and  the  Formosan  mills  have  com- 
menced to  grind  nearly  a  month  earlier  than 
usual,  apparently  wirh  a  view  of  taking  special 
advantage  of  the  demand  for  sugar  in  Russia. 
The  Hongkong  refineries  so  far  have  sold  to 
Russia  only  the  amount  of  sugar  contracted 
for  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  movement. 
To  date  Hongkong  has  imported  about  233,- 
500  short  tons  of  raw  .sugar,  as  compared  with 
about  250,000  short  tons  during  the  like  period 
a  year  ago.  Of  these  imports  the  large  re- 
fineries take  about  200,000  tons  and  the  bal- 
ance is  brought  in  by  Chinese  middlemen  for 
Chinese  use. 

Sugar-crop  conditions  in  the  Far  East  as  re- 
ported to  the  refineries  here  are  very  promis- 
ing as  to  size  and  general  prospects.  In  the 
Philippines  the  outlook  is  for  a  larger  pro- 
duction of  high-grade  sugar  than  ever  before. 

In  Java  weather  conditions  are  reported  fav- 
orable for  a  much  larger  crop  this  season  than 
was  realized  last  year.  Hongkong's  imports  of 
sugar  during  1916  have  come  about  70  per 
cent  from  Java,  20  per  cent  from  the  Philip- 
pines, and  10  per  cent  from  Formosa. 

It  is  of  more  than  passing  interest  to  note 


30 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


that  the  Chinese  Government  has  been  con- 
ducting experiments  for  some  time  with  a 
view  to  introducing  sugar-beet  culture  in 
China.  Experiments  have  been  greatly  inter- 
fered with  Isy  the  difficulty  of  securing  seed, 
which  is  said  to  have  increased  in  price  from 
$8  to  $58  per  bushel,  with  very  little  to  be 
had  at  any  price;  but  sugar  men  here  are  of 
the  opinion  that  the  day  is  not  very  far  dis- 
tant when  China  will  produce  most  if  not  all, 
of  the  sugar  required  for  its  people  and  thus  re- 
lease a  large  amount  of  Java  and  Philippine 
sugar  for  use  in  other  parts  of  the  world. 


SUGAR-MILL    MACHINERY    SITUATION    IN 
CUBA 

In  1914,  in  six  leading  sugar  mills  of  Cuba, 
the  average  extraction  was  91,  the  maximum 
93.5;  in  Hawaii  the  average  was  95.46,  the 
maximum  over  98.  The  high  results  obtained 
in  Hawaii  since  the  installation  of  modern 
machinery  have  awakened  Cuban  planters  to 
the  possibilities  that  lie  at  their  own  doors, 
and  they  are  using  a  large  part  of  their  war- 
time profits  for  the  purchase  of  new  equip- 
ment. 

For  the  time  l^eing  British,  German,  and 
French  machinery  is  out  of  the  market  here, 
and  the  trade  is  practically  in  the  hands  of 
American  firms.  A  Louisiana  company  that 
builds  its  own  machinery  and  mill  equipment, 
contracting  for  a  factory  complete,  has  done  a 
$3,000,000  business  the  past  year.  The  opera- 
tions here  of  a  Missouri  corporation  that  builds 
and  sells  mill  crushing  and  grinding  machinery 
only  aggregated  fully  $2,000,000  for  the 
twelve-month,  and  a  Pennsylvania  firm  en- 
gaged in  the  same  lines  completed  contracts 
that  totaled  $500,000.  The  year's  business  of 
two  important  contracting  engineers,  who  do 
not  manufacture  machinery  themselves,  but 
buy  their  equipment  in  the  United  States, 


ran  into  the  millions.  An  Hawaiian  iron 
works  that  builds  complete  mill  outfits  has 
a  staff  of  engineers  now  in  Cuba  drawing 
plans  for  new  factories. 

Faulty  Packing  Threatens  Success  of  American 
Exporters. 

British,  German  and  French  companies 
have  had  the  bulk  of  this  trade  in  the  past. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  American  manufac- 
turing and  engineering  firms  are  getting  the 
business  now,  but  whether  or  not  thej-  will  be 
able  to  hold  it  when  their  European  competi- 
tors are  again  in  the  field  is  quite  another 
question.  They  assuredly  will  lose  much  of 
it  if  greater  attention  is  not  given  to  the 
packing  and  marking  of  their  Cuban  ship- 
ments. 

Specific  instances  of  faulty  packing  and 
crude  delivery  methods  on  the  part  of  Ameri- 
can firms  have  been  brought  to  my  atten- 
tion during  my  stay  in  Cuba.  Two  centrals 
that  had  ordered  machinery  in  the  United 
States  especially  for  this  seasons's  grinding  did 
not  receive  it  until  after  the  season  started; 
and  when  the  cases  did  arrive,  owing  to 
wretched  packing  and  marking  there  was 
a  lamentable  mix  up  of  parts.  A  contract  for 
furnishing  certain  truck  cars  complete  re- 
sulted in  receiving  the  bodies  from  a  concern 
in  New  Jersey  and  the  wheels  from  a  firm  in 
Indiana,  weeks  apart  in  delivery.  In  other 
instances  machinery  parts  were  sent  to  the 
wrong    address. 

Poor  American  packing  was  supposed  to 
have  ended  after  all  that  has  been  said  and 
written  on  the  subject,  but  it  is  again  crop- 
ping out  in  Cuba  and  at  a  most  inopportune 
time. — -Special  Agent  F.  J.  Sheridan,  Cama- 

guey. 

SUGAR  BEETS 

France,  crop,  1915,  1,909,900  metric  tons. 
France,  crop,  191(5,  1,148,070  metric  tons. 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 

Total  values  of  merchandise  imported  from  and  exported  to  Cuba  during  November  and 
the  11  months  ended  November,  1916,  compared  with  corresponding  periods  of  the  preceding 
year  have  just  been  made  public  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  of 
the  Department  of  Commerce,  as  fellows: 

Month  of  November  11  months  ended  November 

1916  1915  1916  1915 

Imports  from  Cuba .  $16,426,736  $10,405,393  $234,620,173  $187,489,262 

Exports  to  Cuba....  $16,865,910  $10,694,766  $145,851,803  $83,823,172 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


31 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


PATENT 
A  process  of  forming  bri(iuettes  f'-om  bag- 
asse has  been  patented  in  the  United  Kingdom 
by  H.  W.  Aitken.  Formerly,  attempts  have 
been  made  to  press  wet  l)agasse  into  bri- 
quettes, and  it  has  always  been  found  im- 
possible, without  reducing  the  water  content 
to  alx)ut  6%.  The  briquettes  otherwise  formed 
re-expand  and  become  disintegrated.  By 
Mr.  Aitken's  process  it  has  been  found  possi- 
ble to  make  the  bagasse  into  briquettes 
without  the  necessity  of  preliminary  drying 
and  also  without  the  use  of  a  binding  material. 


HAWAIIAN  SUGAR 

According  to  an  article  in  Commerce  Re- 
ports, the  invention  of  a  new  process  for  the 
recovery  of  sucrose  from  final  molasses  is  re- 
ported. It  is  stated  that  this  process  would 
mean  a  gain  of  at  least  33-^%  in  the  commer- 
cial sugar  crop  of  Hawaii.  The  new  process 
takes  trom  the  so-called  final  molasses  approxi- 
mately Y2  of  8%  of  sugar  that  heretofore  has 
been  considered  an  absolute  loss.  It  is  claimed 
by  the  inventor,  Mr.  Williams,  that  the  addi- 
tional cost  for  machinery  would  be  slight,  the 
process  in  effect  obtaining  results  in  one  opera- 
tion instead  of  the  three  operations  now  neces- 
sary. The  ])rinciple  of  the  process  is  that  it 
is  not  the  glucose  gums  or  ash,  but  the  water 
in  the  molasses  that  has  prevented  hitherto 
the  sucrose  therein  from  crystalizing;  there- 
fore, the  first  step  in  the  process  is  to  boil  the 
molasses  to  a  practically  complete  absence  of 
Avater:  secondly,  the  results  are  obtained  in  the 
new  process  by  the  use  of  a  high  speed  centri- 
fugal, the  centrifugal  being  run  to  a  speed 
nearly  twice  that  of  the  centrifugal  under 
present  conditions. 


MEXICAN  LABORERS 

The  President  of  Cuba  has  granted  a  con- 
cession to  the  Alto  Cedro  Sugar  Co.  for  the 
importation  of  300  laborers  from  Mexico. 
The  executive  decree,  in  the  Diario  de  la 
Marina  of  December  26,  states  that  this  con- 
cession is  in  the  nature  of  an  experiment. 
Provision  is  made  for  a  quarantine  of  six 
days  and  medical  inspection  of  the  Mexican 
laborers  upon  their  arrival  at  a  Cuban  port. 


PROPOSED  SUGAR  CENTRAL  FOR  HAITI 

Plans  are  afoot  for  the  establishment  by 
the  Northern  Haiti  Sugar  Corporation  of  a 
sugar  central  in  the  plain  near  Cape  Haitien. 
Local  owners  of  some  4,000  carreaux  (12,000 
acres)  of  suitable  land  have  alreadj'  sub- 
scribed to  the  project,  and  it  is  believed  that 
the  enterprise  will  succeed. 

In  this  connection  it  might  be  stated  that 
Le  Moniteur  of  September  16  contained  the 
announcement  of  the  signing  of  a  contract 
for  the  erection  of  a  central  near  Port  au 
Prince. — Consul  Lemuel  W.  Livingston,  Cape 
Haitien. 


CHILEAN  SUGAR   REFINERIES 

The  Diario  Ihistrado  states  that  negotia- 
tions are  being  carried  on  for  the  consolida- 
tion of  the  Refinerxa  de  Azucar  de  Vina  del 
Mar  and  the  Refineria  de  Azucar  de  Penco. 
This  would  practically  monopolize  the  local 
industry.  Chile's  imports  of  raw  sugar  for 
refining  amounted  in  1914  to  about  75,000 
tons,  and  in  1915  to  about  67,000  tons.  In 
these  same  years  refined  sugar  was  imported 
to  the  extent  of  8,500  tons  and  3,300  tons, 
respectively.  The  raw  sugar  comes  chiefly 
from  Peru. 


SUGAR  PRICES 


Messrs.  "\^'iilett  &  Gray,  in  their  general 
review,  express  the  opinion  that  sugar  prices 
would  probably  range  between  3J^c.  and 
4^-^c.  c  &  f  for  the  year  1917. 


CENTRAL  "TINGUARO" 

It  is  stated  that  the  new  central  of  the 
Cuban-.\merican  Sugar  Company,  known  as 
Central  Tinguaro,  at  Perico,  is  now  in  suc- 
cessful operation.  The  Central  Tinguaro  is 
the  largest  cane  mill  ever  constructed. 


CENTRAL  WASHINGTON 

The  Central  W^ashington  expects  to  grind 
over  200,000  bags  in  1917.  In  1916  the  out- 
put was  180,000  bags,  yield  12.45%  sugar. 
Mill  extraction  80.56%  normal  juice.  MiUing 
plant,  1  Fulton  crusher,  4  mills,  36"x84". 


32 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


.50 

AO 

A 

/ 

^^®— 

"^ 

^_^ 

-^ 

^     -20 
ID 

y 

\ 

f 

\ 

/ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

—I 

g    5.00 

a. 

/ 

V 

/ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

r 

\ 

e  .80 

E 

y 

\ 

1 

\ 

/ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

U       .60 

/ 

\ 

V    / 

\ 

/ 

v 

V 

40 

/ 

V 

o 

tr— Average  Momthy  Price  of  Cuban 

.20 

Raw  Sugar  at  M.Y.  c.n-f .  basis  96°  test. 

/ 

AGO 

/ 

/ 

/^ 

A 

/ 

/\ 

i 

?2i000 

i  1.800 
o 

(/ 

/  ^ 

K 

i 

> 

' 

V 

i 

A. 

/ 

\ 

/ 

sy 

\ 

o 
^1.600 

i 

f 

T» 

\ 

y 

V 

^1.400 

§  1.200 
CO 

/ 

V- 

,^ 

(/ 

w 

\ 

M 

orrrHLY  Exports  of  5ue 
ROM  Cuba  to  U.5  Port 

lAH    \ 

F 

5—5 

4> 

91.000 

i 

A 

\ 

/\ 

t     800 

(0 

^    600 

\ 

/    ^ 

V 

V 

J 

\ 

V 

/ 

\ 

> 

\J 

\ 

^ 

CD 

400 

V 

> 

\    1 

200 

V  1 

Jam.   Feb.  Har.  Apr.  May  Jun.  Jul.  Aug  5er    Oct  rtov.  Dec. 

1916. 

DIAGRAM   ILLUSTRATING 

RELATION    BETWEEN    MARKET    PRICE   OF    RAW  SUGAR   AND 
CUBAN   SUGAR   EXPORTS  TO   U.   S.   PORTS   DURING    1916 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


33 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY 


THE  SUGAR  SUPPLY  OF  THE  UNITED 
KINGDOM 

The  decision  of  tho  (iovornnioiit  to  rostrict 
yet  further  the  supph-  oi  sugar  to  tlio  country 
has  led  the  Royal  ('oinnn'ssion  on  tho  Sugar 
Supply  to  issue  a  Memorandum  (('(/.H'.V.).ii),  in 
which  they  ex])lain  1h(;ir  desin;  to  distribute 
the  available  (juantity  of  sugar  as  fairly  and 
equitably  as  is  ])ossible.  They  point  out  that 
in  1915  purchasers  of  sugar  drew  their  suj)- 
plies  from  three  sources,  viz:  (1)  the  British 
refiners,  (2)  the  Royal  Commission  itself,  and 
(3)  so-called  "free-sugar,"  lieing  sugar  im- 
ported by  license  in  fulfillment  of  existing 
contracts.  This  year  there  have  been  and  con- 
tinue to  be,  to  all  intents  and  i)ui-poses,  but 
two  sources;  namely,  the  first  two  above 
mentioned. 

The  refiners  have  been  instructed  this  year 
to  issue  their  supply  of  sugar  only  to  their 
customers  of  1915,  and  to  each  the  same  pro- 
portion of  the  quantity  available  each  week  or 
each  month,  as  that  customer's  total  purchases 
during  1915  bore  to  the  refiner's  total  sales  for 
that  year.  Thus  the  Royal  Conmiission  en- 
deavours to  secure  that  each  custom.er  will 
get  his  fair  share. 

As  regards  the  sugar  dealt  with  directh'  by 
the  Royal  Commission,  the  same  principle  is 
followed,  all  the  direct  buyers  having  been  re- 
quired to  make  a  return  of  all  the  sugar  used 
and  distributed  by  them  in  1915,  and  on  these 
returns  the  supplies  now  avilable  are  appor- 
tioned, pro  rata  to  the  various  piu-chasers. 
Retailers  are  also  expected  to  distrbute  their 
supplies  to  their  customers  as  fairly  as  possible. 

Finally,  the  Royal  Commission  take  the 
opportunity  to  contradict  an  impression  that 
seems  to  have  got  abroad  that  each  buyer  of 
sugar  this  year  is  entitled  to  claim  75%  of  the 
quantity  of  sugar  he  had  in  1915.  This  is  not 
so;  the  Royal  Commission  very  naturally 
cannot  say  definitely  what  proportion  of  the 
1915  supplies  will  henceforward  be  available. 
It  may  approximate  to  759c;  it  may  l)e  less. 
All  that  can  be  said  by  them  is  that  every  en- 
deavom-  is  being  made  to  distribute  whatever 
quantity  there  may  be  in  the  most  equitable 
manner  possible. — -The  Internntional  Sugar 
Journal. 


AMERICAN    BEET-SUGAR    INDUSTRY 

Riissia  now  occui)ies  IIk;  chief  jjosition  a> 
the  source  of  sugar-beet  seeds  for  the  United 
States.  liefon;  the  war  a  very  large  propor- 
tion of  these  seeds  came  from  Germany.  .\ 
greatly  increased  total  of  purchases  is  shrjwn 
by  figures  compiled  for  the  nine  months  ended 
September  :iO,  191(5,  t)y  the  Bureau  of  Korcign 
and  Domestic  Commerce.  Record-breaking 
imjjorts  foreshadow  great  activity  in  the  sugar- 
beet  industry  in  this  country-. 

For  the  nine  months  mentioned  the  imports 
of  seed  reached  a  total  of  18,500,000  pounds, 
which  is  1,000,000  i)ounds  more  than  were 
imported  during  the  complete  calendar  years 
1913  and  1914,  and  nearly  double  those  for  the 
full  year  1912. 

In  the  fiscal  year  1914  Germany  supf)lied 
nearly  9,000,000  pounds  out  of  a  total  of  H),- 
250,000  povmds,  the  remainder  coming  chiefly 
from  Austria-Hungary,  Russia,  and  Holland. 
In  the  fiscal  year  1916  Russia  supplied  5,881,- 
946  pounds  out  of  a  total  of  9,042,490  pounds 
Imports  of  beet  seed  into  the  United  States 
for  the  calendar  years  1911  to  1916  were  as 
follows: 

Pounds  J 

1911 11,025,.531 

1912 9,8.54,894 

1913 ]7,()44.721 

1914 17,."w7,062 

1915 4,029,022 

1916  (9  months) 18,474,995 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  exports  of  re- 
fined sugar  in  the  first  nine  months  of  1916 
totaled  1,388,650,984  pounds,  or  nearly  50 
per  cent  more  than  during  the  whole  calendar 
year  1915,  3^2  times  more  than  in  1914,  and 
26  times  more  than  in  1913. 


CENTRALS  GRINDING 

On  Dec.  26th  there  were  48  Central.^ 
grinding  as  compared  with  SO  at  correspond- 
ing date,  1915. 


COST  OF  SUGAR  PRODUCTION 

A  commission  of  the  Department  of  Com- 
merce, Washington,  has  been  recenth'  making 
an  investigation  a.s  to  the  cost  of  ])rodiicing 
sugar,  and  it  is  stated  that  the  cost  of  extrac- 
tion is  approximately  the  .same  in  Porto  Rico 
and  Hawaii,  and  it  is  furthermore  estimated 
that  the  cost  of  producing  sugar  in  Cuba  is 
about  Ic.  per  lb.  less  than  in  Porto  Rico  and 
Hawaii. 


34 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


5.500.000 


5.000.000 


4.500,000 


4,000.000 


5,500.000 


3,000.000 


2^.000 


2.000.000 


JAn.  Feb.  Mar.  Apr    May.  Jun.  Jul  Aug.  5er   Oct   riov.    Dec. 


1.500,000 


J.0OO.OOC 


500,000 


750.000 


:  700.000 


^650,000 


-600.000 


550000 


^500.000 


■450.000 


-400.000 


350,000 


■300,000 


Z50,000 , 


200^000 


:  150,000 


-•  100.000 


50,000 


Jam.   Feb.   Har.  Apr.   May  Jun.  Jul.  Aug.  5ep.    Oct.    nov.   Dec. 
Comparison  of  Haw  Sugar  Exports  from  Cuba  to  the  United  Kingdom  and 
Europe  during  1915  and  1916. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


SUGAR  F.XPORTS 

The  value  of  supir  exported  from  the 
United  States  in  the  calendar  year  191(3  was 
in  round  terms  SIOO.OOO.OOO,  against  S-13,- 
000,(KJO  worth  in  Utlo,  slS.OOO.OOO  in  1914 
and  less  than  .S2,000,0()()  in  I9i:i,  the  year  im- 
mediately preceding  the  war.  In  ealiinfj;  atten  • 
tion  to  these  figures,  the  foreign  trade  depart- 
ment of  the  National  City  Bank  states  that 
the  United  States  had  never  been  an  exporter 
of  sugar  in  any  considerable  quantity  until 
the  exigencies  of  the  war  rendered  inaccessi- 
ble the  sugar  producing  area  from  which 
Western  Europe  had  l:)een  accustomed  to 
draw  its  supplies.  Germany,  Austria-Hun- 
gary and  RiLssia,  as  the  world's  greatest 
producers  of  beet  sugar,  had  met  all  the 
sugar  requirements  of  the  remainder  of 
Europe,  but  when  their  supplies  became 
no  longer  available  by  reason  of  war  con- 
ditions, and  those  of  France  and  Belgium 
were  greatly  reduced,  the  remainder  of  Europe 
necessarily  turned  to  the  cane  sugar  section  of 
the  world  for  its  supply.  Cuba,  Java,  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  Porto  Rico  and  the  Philip- 
pines are  the  world's  largest  producers  of  cane 


sugar  for  exportation,  (India  is  a  large  i>ro- 
(hicer,  but  has  none  for  exportation),  and  as 
Java  distributes  most  of  its  output  to  adjacent 
Asiatic  countries  and  Cuba,  Porto  Rico  and 
Hawaii  send  practically  all  of  their  sugar 
direct  to  the  United  States,  our  own  market 
became  the  chief  source  from  which  Europe 
could  draw  sugar,  especially  in  the  refined 
form,  since  the  cane  producing  islands  of  the 
world  export  most  of  their  product  in  the  raw 
state.  As  a  consequence,  the  quantity  of 
sugar  exported  from  the  United  States 
jumped  from  52,000,000  pounds  in  1913  to 
390,000,000  pounds  in  1914,  903,000,000 
povmds  in  1915  and  approximately^  1,750,000,- 
000  pounds  in  1916. 

The  increase  in  total  value  of  exports  last 
year  is  partlj'  due  to  the  increase  in  the  price. 


PHILIPPINE  SUGAR  CENTRAI^ 

According  to  Commerce  Reports,  the  sugar 
planters  of  the  Province  of  Negros  had  a  meet- 
ing recently  to  consider  the  prospects  of  erect- 
ing .sugar  centrals  in  this  district.  The  plant- 
ers interested  represented  valualjie  sugar 
raising  land  of  about  10,000  acres. 


SUGAR  REVIEW 


Specially  urittenfor  The  Cuba  Review  by  Willett  &  Gray,  New  York. 


Our  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  December  7,  1916. 

At  that  date,  Cuba  Centrifugal  sugar  9o°  test  basis,  was  quoted  at  4  ll-16c.  c.  &  f.  (5.69c) 
and  is  now  4%  c.  &  f.  (5..39c.j,  showing  a  decline  of  0.30c.  per  lb.,  but  in  the  interim,  the 
market  has  been  as  low  as  4  l-16c.  c.  &  f.  (5.0Sc)  as  recently  as  December  27.  Since  that 
date  the  market  has  turned  upward  until  at  this  ^\Titing,  it  is  difficult  to  buj'  at  below  4.50c.  c. 
&f.  (5.52c). 

It  had  been  generally  anticipated  that  the  low  point  of  the  Cuba  crop  from  which  the 
steady- season  rise  would  be  made,  would  be  rather  below  3%c.  c.&f.  at  which  it  started  for 
futiu-es.  This  anticipation  has  been  made  void  by  reason  of  the  late  openmg  of  crop  making 
and  absence  of  earh*  new  crop  receipts,  to  replace  the  demands  made  on  old  crop  stocks  by  the 
needs  of  refiners.  At  this  A\Titing,  the  local  stocks  are  quite  small  and  refiners  are  now  depen- 
dent upon  their  actual  importations  from  week  to  week  and  supplies  from  this  source  promise 
to  be  somewhat  limited  until  well  into  February. 

The  original  Cuba  crop  estimate,  as  made  by  Messrs.  Guma-Mejer  of  3,572,571  tons  will 
scarcely  be  reached  from  the  present  pro.spects,  and  we  see  no  reason  at  present,  to  change  our 
estimate  from  3,400,000  tons. 

Our  figures  for  the  year  1916,  are  now  complete,  as  given  in  our  ''Weekly  Statistical  Sugar 
Trade  Journal"  issue  of  Januarj'  4,  1917. 

The  consumption  of  sugar  in  the  United  States  in  1916,  was  3,658,607  tons,  a  decrease  of 
142,924  tons  from  1915,  of  which  con.sumption,  Cuba  contributed  1,636,548  tons,  against 
1,841,602  tons  in  1915.     Exports  of  refined  sugar  contributed  to  largely  by  Cuban  raws. 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 

were  635,279  tons  from  Atlantic  ports  and  $59,090  tons  from  New  OrJeans.  The  average  price 
cost  and  freight  for  Cnfm  Centrifugals  96°  test,  was  4.767c.  jier  lb.  against  3.626c.  per  lb.  in  1915, 
and  an  average  for  10  years  of  2.977c.  per  lb.  net  cash. 

The  prospects  for  1917  cannot  be  well  outlined  at  this  writing,  by  reason  of  the  several  un- 
certainties, which  now  exist,  such  as  the  ending  or  the  j^rolongation  of  the  European  war;  the 
actual  final  outturn  of  the  Cuba  and  other  crops,  by  reason  of  the  unknown  weather,  ocean 
freight  and  labor  conditions  during  the  existing  campaign. 

The  increased  cost  of  production  and  the  higher  rates  of  freight  than  in  1915  will  reduce  the 
net  profits  of  the  Cuban  planters  somewhat,  but  should  leave  still  a  very  handsome  return  to 
individual  planters  and  corporations. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Xcw  York,  .January  6,  1917. 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 

Escrita  especialmente  vara  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willett  &  Gray,  de  Nueva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  resena  para  esta  puljlicacion  estaba  fechada  el  7  de  diciemljre  de  191(i. 

En  esa  fecha,  el  azucar  Centrifugo  de  C\iba  polarizacion  98°  se  cotizaba  a  4  ll-16c.  costo  y 
flete  (5.69c)  y  ahora  se  cotiza  A  43--gc.  c.  y  f.  (5.39c.),  lo  cual  muestra  una  baja  de  0.30c.  la  libra, 
pero  en  el  Interin  el  mercado  ha  llegado  a  bajar  hasta  A  4  l-16c.  c.  y  f.  (5.08c.)  en  fecha  tan 
reciente  como  el  27  de  diciembre.  Desde  esa  fecha,  el  mercado  ha  experimentado  un  alza 
hasta  que  al  escribir  esta  resena  es  dificil  hacer  compras  de  azucar  por  menos  de  4.50c.  c.  y  f 
(5.52c.). 

Se  ha  anticipado  generalmente  que  el  Ixijo  punto  de  la  zafra  de  Cuba,  desde  el  cual  tendria 
lugar  el  alza  constante  de  la  estaci6n,  seria  algo  mas  bajo  de  3J^c.  c.  y  f .  d  cuyo  punto  empez6 
I)ara  entregas  en  el  futuro.  Esta  anticipacion  ha  resultado  ser  nula  con  motivo  de  haber  empezado 
tarde  la  zafra  y  a  la  falta  de  recibos  tempranos  de  la  nueva  zafra  para  sustituir  la  demanda  de 
existencias  de  la  antigua  cosecha  segiin  las  necesidades  de  los  refinadores.  Al  escribir  esta 
resena,  las  existencias  locales  son  algo  escasas  y  los  refinadores  dependen  ahora  de  sus  efectivas 
importaciones  de  semana  en  semana,  y  el  abasto  de  este  origen  indica  ser  algo  limitado  hasta 
}:)ien  entrado  el  mes  de  febrero. 

El  calculo  primitive  de  la  zafra  de  Cuba  hecho  por  los  Sres.  Guma-Mejer,  que  ascendia  a 
3,572,571  toneladas,  escasamente  llegara  a  esa  cifra  segiin  los  indicios  al  presente,  y  actualmente 
no  vemos  el  motivo  para  cambiar  nuestro  calculo  de  3,400,000  toneladas. 

Nuestras  cifras  para  el  ano  1916  estan  ahora  completas,  segiin  se  manifiesta  en  nuestro 
"Weekly  Statistical  Sugar  Trade  Journal,"  (Boletin  Semanal  de  Estadistica  del  Comercio  Azu- 
carero),  emision  del  4  de  febrero  de  1917. 

El  consume  de  azucar  en  los  Estados  Unidos  en  1916  fue  de  3,658,607  toneladas,  una  dis- 
minucion  de  142,  924  toneladas  de  la  de  1915,  en  cuj^o  consumo  Cuba  contribuyo  con  1,666,548 
toneladas  contra  1,  841,602  toneladas  en  1915.  Las  exportaciones  de  azucar  refinado,  a  que 
contribuyeron  en  gran  parte  los  aziicares  crudos  de  Cuba,  fueron  635,279  toneladas  de  puertos 
del  Atlantico  y  59,090  toneladas  de  Nueva  Orleans.  El  promedio  en  el  prenio,  costo  y  flete  por 
los  aziicares  Centrifugos  de  Cuba  polarizacion  96°  fue  de  4.767c.  la  libra  contra  3.62Sc.  la  libra 
en  1915,  con  un  termino  medio  en  10  aiios  de  2.977c.  la  libra  en  dinero  efeetivo  neto. 

La  perspectiva  para  1917  no  puede  describirse  verdaderamente  al  dar  esta  resezia,  a  causa 
de  las  diversas  inseguridades  que  existen  al  presente,  como  por  ejemplo  el  final  6  la  prolonga- 
cion  de  la  guerra  europea;  el  giro  final  que  puedan  tener  las  zafras  de  Cuba  y  otras  cosechas, 
con  motivo  de  no  saber  cudl  serd  el  estado  del  tiempo,  n  cuales  senin  las  condiciones  del 
flste  mailtimo  ni  del  trabajo  durante  la  campaiia  existente. 

El  aumento  en  el  costo  de  produccion  y  el  aumento  en  los  gastos  de  flete,  maj^ores  que  en 
1915,  reducira  algo  las  ganancias  netas  de  los  plantadores  cubanos,  pero  deberia  dejar  aiin  muy 
buenas  ganancias  a  los  plantadores  particulares  y  a  las  cirporaciones. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 
Nueva  York,  enero  6  de  1917. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Cable  Address   "Turnure" 


New  York— 84— 66   Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi. 
dends  and  Interest,  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 
Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain ,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 
and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS : 


HAVANA— N.  Gelats  y  Ca. 

PUERTO  RICO — Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto  Rico 


LONDON — The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 
PARIS — Heine  et  Cie. 


^Porque  Compra  Usted  Agua 

Destilada  Pagando  lOCentavos 

el  Galon? 

/^UANDO  puede  hacer  agua  ui&s  pura  por 
menos  de  un  centavo  el  galon  emple- 
ando  imo  de  nuestros  Alambiques  de 
Laboratorio  No.  70  para  gas. 

Frecio  del  Alambique  de  Laboratorio,  No. 70 
$50.  Un  Alambique  de  cobre  niquelado  para 
Droguistas,  de  una  capacidad  de  un  galon 
la  hora,  cuesta  solamente  $28.00,  6  de  }4 
gal6n  la  hora,  $17.00. 

Se  envirard,  folleto  con  todos  particulares 
al  solicitarnoslo. 

EIMER  &  AMEND 

205-211  Third  Avenue  NEW  YORK 

Establecida  en   1851 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 
P.  O.   BOX  1241  U,  S.  A. 


We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


JAMES  S.  CONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable  Address,   "Tide,  New   York" 


BANK  DIVIDENDS 

The  National  Bank  of  Cuba  declared  a  semi- 
annual dividend  of  4%  plus  an  extra  dividend 
of  1%.  The  Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York, 
which  opened  for  business  May  11,  1916,  de- 
clared a  dividend  of  4%. 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


38 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and  Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


THE  NEW  JERSEY  ASBESTOS  CO. 


HOME  OFFICE: 

1  WATER  ST..  NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 

BRANCHES: 
Philadelphia,   Baltimore,    AUentown 


Patent  "V"  Pilot  Packings  recom- 
mended for  High  Pressure  Steam  and 
Ammonia. 

Cable  Address:    "Gladiatrix,"   New   York 


Bank  Of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1   WALL  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


Guillermo   Carricaburu 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  ^  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.   A.    MERCHANT 
J.  T.   MONAHAN 
CHAS.    F.    PLARRE  - 
L.  G.  JONES     - 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.   Cashier 


Pedro   Pablo    Diago 

LOUIS    V.    PLACE   CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP     BROKERS 

76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,   Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:   "PLACfe" 

FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET         .-.  .-.         NEW     YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::  $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sample.  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


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THECUBA     REVIEW  39 

POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,   80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


Train    every    hour  daily  froin     CENTRAL    STATION   from 
5  A.  M.   to  8  P.  M.        Last   train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL   STATION   from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.     Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) $0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Cabafias  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brass 

Castings.     Light   and   Heavy   Forgings.     Ail  kinds  of   Machinery   Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.   KLINQ,   Prop.  MORIT  F       AI  A 

JAS.  S.  BOGUE,  Supt.  IVH-FOll^E.,     /\L,/\. 


ESTABLISHED  1852                       ROHLIG      &      CO.  INQUIRIES  REQUESTED 

FORWARDING    AGENTS 

BREMEN                                           BREMERHAVEN  HAMBURG 

Knoohenhauerstr.   16-17                                        am  Hafen  113  Alsterdamm   14-16 

GENERAL    AGENTS    OF    MUNSON    STEAMSHIP  LINE,    NEW  YORK 

UNDERTAKING    TRAFFIC    ALL    OVER    THE    WORLD  AT    LOWEST    RATES 
THROUGH  RATES  TO  AND  FROM  EVERY  PLACE  PROVIDED  ON  APPLICATION 


Telephone,  33  Hamilton.     Night  Call,  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:     "Abiworka,"  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forgings, Iron  and  Brass  Castings.  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,   Oil  Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter   and    Joiner    U  ork 

18-20  SUMMIT  STREET  \  m^.,  h».v,:i* F.„„  BROOKLYN    N     Y 

11-27   IMLAY  STREET       1^*"  Hamdton   Ferry  BROOK.LYIN,   IS.    Y. 

AKents  for  "Kinrhorn"   Multiplex  Valve 


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40 


THE     CUB  A     11  E  \'  1  E  W 


THE 

TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 

CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $325,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Corr««pondanc*   Solicited    from 
Intanding        Inraatora 

OFFICERS 

Norman  H.  Da^'i■  -----  Preaident 
Ofwald  A.  Hornsby  -  -  -  -  Vice-Preiident 
Claudio  G.  Mendoia        .      -      -  Vice-President 

J.  M.  Hopgood Treasurer 

Rogelio  Carbajal Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner    -     -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Dept. 


P. 

RUIZ 

*a 

BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine 

Slationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA.    CUBA 

MOTOR  GUINCHE  EL  "COLONO" 


Un  substituto  moderno   para  lo?    BUEYES 
de  la  aiitiguedad 

MAS  ECONOMICO 

^L\S  SEGURO 

MA^  HAPIDO 

CUESTA  POCO 

Especialmente    para   los     trasbordadoros   ilo 
Vila,  Quinoucs,  Castellon 

Pidanse  prooios  y  porinonoros 
COMPANIA  AGRICOLA,   Monserrate  10,  Habana 
6  EL  COLONO  WINCH  CO.,  106  Wall  St.,  N.  Y. 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO   EN  IStW 

Capit.il  Paeado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236.000 

Activo  Total 234,000.000 

Trescieiitas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursnles 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  Sts. 
Londres.    Bank  Buildings.  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursi\les  en   Cuba 

t.  \-ni-sponsalos  on  F.spafta  6  Islas  C^maJias  y  IViloaros 
V  on  todas  livs  otras  plazas  b:\noablos  dol  Mundo 
\'a\  c\  Do^iavtamento  do  Ahorros  so  jidnnton  dopositos 

a    mtoros  dosdo  Cinco  Pesos  on  adolouto 

So  oxpidon  Cartas  de  Cnxlito  para  viajoros  en  Libras 

Ksterlinas   6   Pesetas,   vaKnloras   estas   sin  desouento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en  la  Habana 

Galiauo  02.  Monte  US.  Muralla  .">-',  T.inoa  07, 

Vodado 
Oficina  Principal      -     -     -     OBRAPIA  33 
Admin  is  tradores 
i;     DK  AHOZARENA  F.  .1.   HEAITY 


ESTAIUISHKD      1814 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A     GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All   Principal   Places  of  the    Island 

Safe  Ih'posil   Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  Ihc  Famous  II.  I'pmann 
Brand  of  Ci<)<jr.s- 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Taoon  l.'iO-lOS  Aiuargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


FsTM-.i.ism.n    tSTt'i 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  bankins  busi= 
ness — Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Offici::  Aoiiar  108 

HAVANA 


CANE  FIRES 
:Maiiy  cano  tiros  havo  alroaii\  boon  ropovtcd 
in  till'  sugar  jilaiitations.    Many  of  the  fives 
are    b.>lievod    to    hive    l>een    of   ineoiiiliu-y 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  xvhen  writhig  to  Advertisers 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1  No.l7  No.  3  No.  7  No.  5 

J'.  M.V.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  A.  M.  A.  M.   S 


10  :iO  10.00 

A.  M. 

.  .   12.00 

..     4.40 


9.00 
10.55 


7.17 
A.  M. 


5.28 


8.50 

10.20 

P.  M 

1.00 

;io.oo 

11.00 


P.  M 


5.35 

8.13 
10. 16 
P.  M. 


3. 10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.  M 
3.10 

5.45 

P.  M 

3.00 

3.30 


P.  M 


Havana 


INo.  2  No.18  No.  4  No.  8  No.  6  No.lO 

A.M.  A..M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  A.M. 


10.01    7.40 


Lv.  .Central  Station.  Ar.    7.3C    9.13    2.06    6.39,  9.05    6 


11.58  10.10    58  Ar. 


2.18  12.33 


4.40|. 
8.40  . 


109  Ar. 


179  Ar. 
230  Ar. 


.  .Matanzas. 
.  .  Cardenas . 


I  3  38 
'6!45    6145  195  Ar 
P.M.I  I 

6.40  241  Ar 


.  .  Sagua ... 
.  Caibarien . . 


180  Ar . . .  Santa  Clara. 
.  .  Cienf uegos . 


.Lv. 
Lv. 


.Lv. 
.Lv. 


Lv. 
Lv. 


8.00 


10.30 
P.M. 


276  Ar 

340  Ar. 

I 
520  Ar. 
538  Ar. 


.SanctiSpiritus. 
.Ciegode  Avila. 
.  .  .Cainaguey.  . 


....  Antilla 

Santiago  de  Cuba. 


.Lv. 

.Lv. 

.  Lv. 

.Lv. 
Lv. 


5.31  6 
12.45  5 
P.  M.  A. 

8.00  .. 

5.30  .. 
A.M. 
12.10  .. 


45  12. 
00  9. 
M. 


P.M. 
8.25  ... 

7.35  ... 

4.55  ... 
A.  M. 
7.40 
6.55  ... 


00    4.44| 
12    1.05 


12.00 
8.20 


6.28 
4.25' 


6.20 


8.00 

A.M. 


55 
M. 

,20 

30 
,00 


A.  M. 


P.  M. 


1.00 


9.15 

8.48 


6.15 
A.M. 


20 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SUEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


From  Havana  to  Berth  Compartment. 

Cienfuegos $3.00                   .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00                $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50                10.00 

Antilla 5.00                 14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00                 14.00 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 

THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


U.  S.  Cy. 
Antilla $23.33 


Batabano . 

Bayamo 

Caibarien.  . . . 
Camaguey . . . 
Cardenas .... 
Ciego  de  Avili 
Cienfuegos.  .  . 

Colon 

Guantanamo. 
Holguin 


1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines , 

Madruga 

Manzanillo 

Matanzas 

Placetas , 

Remedies , 

Sagua 

San  Antonio , 

Sancti  Spiritus. . . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S.  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
1  10  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 


''WEEK=END"   TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  "WEEK=END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Send  three  oenta  in  stamps  for  "Cuba — A  Winter  Paradise,"  a  beau-    ITnifA/1     Railuravc    nf     l-favann 
tiful  illustrated   booklet  desoribing    interesting   trips    in  Cuba   to     »JI"ICU     ivauways    Ul      liaraiia 
FRANK  ROBERTS,  General  Passenger  Agent.  Prado,   118,   Havana,   Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET,  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION     MERCHANTS 

Imporlacion    directa    de    todas    los 
centros   maniifactureros   del   miindo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espafui 
Independencia  Street  17  21. 

MATANZAS.   CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 


OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION 


112 


Wall      Street,      New      York 

Near   South   Street 

Yard:  56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 

Telephones : 

Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING   ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
Piers,  Bridges,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


We  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all    classes    of    contracting    work    in    Cuba. 

New   York  Office: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Muiiro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722   Third   Ave.,   Brooklyn,   N,  Y. 

Cable    Address:    Kunomale,   New    York 
Telephone,  2492  South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  188 
Maritime   Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar  Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 
No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  push  the  sale$  of 

American  high  class  products.    Would 

represent  a  first  class  firm 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 


CO  M  M  I88ION 
MERCHANT 


M.  J.  CABANA 

p.  O.  Box  3,  Camaguey 

Handles  all  lines  of  merohandise  either  on  a  oom- 
mission  basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  east- 
ern Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoslef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Miohelien 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshipAgents&ShipBrokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

CahU:   "Btnf»c»" 


Pleate  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  token  ivriting  to  Advertitert 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


' 

v.\ 

..  ...■* 

7 

«■ 

1 

r=r'-          J^L,^ ' 

hH 

1 


S.S.   MUNAMAR 

NEW  YORK-EASTERN  CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER   AND  FREIGHT 

New  York            Antilla               Antilla  New  York 

Steamer                                    Leave                 Arrive                 Leave  Arrive 

MUXAM.YR Mch.        3         Mch.       7         Mch.      10  Mch.     14 

MUXAM.\R Mch.      17         Mch.     21         Mch.     24  Mch.     28 

MUNAMAR Mch.     31         Apr.         4         Apr.         7  Apr.      11 

Special  through  rates  quoted  to  XuevilnH  passengers  via  the  SS.  MUNAMAR  and 
Antilla. 

FREIGHT  ONLY 
Regular  fortnightly  sailings  for  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagua,  Caibarien,  Pto.  Padre 
Manati,  Banes,  Gibara  and  Xuevitas. 

MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

SS.  MUXPLACE — -Havana,  Cardenas,  Caibarien Feb      2 

SS.  MUX'ISLA — -Havana,  Matanzas,  Sagua Feb.     9 

SS.  BERTHA— Cienfuegos,  Santiago Feb.   13 

SS.  MUXPLACE — -Havana,  Cardenas,  Caibarien Feb.    16 

SS.  MUXISLA— Havana,  Matanzas Feb.   23 

MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER Febuary  22,  for  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario. 

BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER Feb.    1    and    15 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports  of  call 

without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904=1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating     tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

328  CHESTNUT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  Pa. 


S.   MORRI.*^  LH  LIE,  Pres. 


LFWIS   C.   LILLIE.   Sec.  and  Treas. 


Grand  Prize  awarded  for  Locomotives  at  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  Furnished  on  Application 
REPRESENTATIVES     FOR    THE    WEST     INDIES: 

WALUCE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable  AddresseB:  "BALDWIN.    PHILADELPHIA,"   "LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


STC^Year  VEBRU?|B\^fl917^  10  CentsA Copy 
mklisbedibvthe  flunson Steamship  Line  8Z-9^'Bedver  Street,  New^y^Hl 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Steel  Roller  Link-Belt 


"TT"  Class 

-HI"  H- 


rpOR  the  positive  transmission  of  po^er  ;'t  speeds  iniri  imdi  :ic  between  ordinpry 
^  m-  lleable-iran  Link-Belt,  rnd  Link-Belt  Silent  Chain  fur  liigh  speed  service. 
"TT"  Class-Link  Belt  was  designed  to  furnish  the  greatest  strength  possible  for  the 
weight  of  material  used.  The  Links  are  uniform,  engaging  pirts  are  made  with  sm?Ji, 
accurate  clearances,  and  perfect  fit  on  cut  wheels  is  assured.  "TT"  Class  Link-Belt 
is  specially  adapted  to  the  operation  cf  bagasse  carriers,  screw  c  inveyors,  sugs'r 
elev-itors,  etc.  WRITE  FOR  PARTICULARS. 

This  is  the   > <  mark  of  quality. 

It  appsars  on  every  Link-Belt  m.^nufactin-ed  by  us,  and  is  your 
gurantee  cf  reliability  in  m  teri  1,  workm-'nship  rnd  operatirm. 


Link-Belt  Company 


299    BROADWAY 
NEW  YORK 


7llllllllllllllllllllllllll!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!ll!ll{||||l!IIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llllllllllllllll^ 

JAMES  M.  MOTLEY  "^^^^^^J^^" 

Cable  Address:  JAMOTLEY,   New  York 

Direccion  Cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New  York 

(All  codes  used) 

(Usamos  todas  las  claves) 

RAIL  AND  FASTENINGS 

RIELES  Y  ASEGURADORES 

FROGS  AND  SWITCHES 

RANAS  Y  CAMBIAVIAS 

CARS 

VAGONES 

BOILERS,  TANKS,  PUMPS 

CALDERAS,  TANQUES,  BOMBAS 

Insist  upon 
Walker's   "LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"Lion"  Brass  Trade  Mark  Labels  and  Seals  attached. 

De^ripdve"Gataiog  J 30168  Walkcf  &  CompaHy,  Ltd. 

27   THAMES   STREET,    NEW    YORK    CITY 

,  Sole  Agent   for   Cuba 

JOSE    L.    VI1.LAAMIL 

Santa     Clara     29,     Havana,     Cuba 


Write  for  our 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


r^AI?l?/^Q     PAKA  Touos   usos  y   de   todos  taniafios,   de   los  para   caiia   con   cuauo     ruedas  y  capa- 

ii-'AlvlN.WO    cidad  de    I'A    toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  dc  30  loiieladas 

Hacemos    una    especialidad    de    juegos    de    hcnajes,    inclnyeiuto    los    juegos 

de  ruedas,  coinplclaiiieiile  armados,  con  todas  las  piezas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

coiiiplrtus    paid    Liinstiiiir    lus    canos    a    su    dcstuio    de    mac'iras    del    pais 


m 

W^ 

m 

d^P 

^ww 

9m 

^""^B 

d^^ 

jggifgg 

'1  ■^'. 

^.,> 

■' '^« 

^^H 

a^iHH 

i^m 

l^l^jMMy 

■ 

■ 

■ 

RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cable  Address: 
Raatai  I  \M 


HOLBROOK    TOWING    LINE 

W.  S.   HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

BoiSers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 
Phone.Broad  SOUTH    ST.,     NEW    YORK,     U.S.A.  S'Z7el 


1835-1836 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 

SUGARS 


RAW  AND 
REFINED 


82   WALL   STREET,   NEW   YORK 

Publishers  of   Daily   and   Weekly   Statistical    Sugar  Trade  Jou.-nal— the   recognized   authority  of  the   trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC    MARKET   ADVICES    FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensena  uno  de  nucstros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cafia. 

Teuemoa  otros  tipos  de  capaeidades  varias  y  liemos  fabricado  un  gran  mimero  de  carros  para  cafia  para 
uso  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  Am6rica-CeLitral  y  Mexico,  que  tienen  jaules  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
etruidas  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cana. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.  U.  A. 

Direcci6n  telegrdfica:     NALLIM,  New  York.  Produccidn  annual  de  mds  de   100,000  carrot. 

Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B   CINTAS.  Oficios  29-31.  Havana. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


FOR  MOLASSES  USE 


MATERIAL 
FABRICATED 


Off  ic«  in  TuUa, 
Oklahoma,  Clinton  Bldg. 

2630  Whitehall  BuUding 
NEW  YORK 


HtVIMOIndta^nJ^ 


STEEL  TANKS 


COMPLETE 
OR  ERECTED 

Los   Angeles  Office 

414   Grosse  Building 

Spring  &  Sixth 

AgenU  in  Cuba: 
ELLIS  BROTHERS 

28  Sun  Ifiuacio,    Havana,   Cuba 


BUILT  BY 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


SUGAR   EXPORTS   FROM   BRAZIL 

The  total  exports  and  the  shares  of  the  United  States  and  the  United  Kingdom  during  1912- 
1915  were  (in  metric  tons  of  2,204.6  pounds). 


Total  exports        [     To  United  States 


Year. 


Tons. 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


Value. 


Tons.  Value. 


To   United   King- 
dom. 


Tons.  Value. 


19J2 ,      4,772       $272,096 


5,367   j      314,507   ; 

31,860      1,895,916   ,      6,203  |    $.508,397 
59,074   I  3,607,452       21,929   |  1,131,742 


4,599  $244,099 

5,134  282,142 

24,136  1,325,854 

21,627  1,389,863 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  MP  Mi 
5  152  55 
7  154  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
P  M 


P  M 
2  15 
4  15 


P  M 


P  M 


AM 
10  1 
12  IE 


PM 


A  M  I  A  M 1  Fare 
6  55  6  15llstcl. 
8  33  8  15'$2.04 
10  03 3. 99 

10  18 ,  4.32 

11  041  7  30   5.16 

12  32  11  22  6.79 
P  M  1  A  M 


i  Fare  lA  Ml  A  M    A  M  P  MP  MIP  M 
Lv.     Cen.  Sta.,  Havana    Ar.  3dcl.7  49  11  09  11  473  496  47  7  09 

Ar  Artemisa Lv.!$1.105  45    9  35   9  451  454  45  5  35 

Kt.         '.  .Paso  Real Lv.l  2.  12  ...  .    8.  04 4  04 

Ar Herradura Lv.l  2.29i....    7.47 3  47 

Ar         .Pinardel  Rio....Lv.    2.71....     7.00 6  383  00 

Ar  .  .Guane Lv.   3.521....    5.30 3  001  30 

AMIAM    AM  PMPMP  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo   Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho   Boyeros ll'^}'' 

Calabazar 10  "       I  Santiago  de   las  Vegas    ....      iO 

Rincon 25  cts. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Laot  train    11.15   P.   M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An  Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92   Beaver  Street,   New  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 


$1.00  Per  Year 


SUBSCRIPTION 

Advertising  Rales  on  Application 


10  Cents  Single  Copy 


Vol.  XV 


FEBRUARY.   1917 


No.  3 


Contents  of  This  Number 


Cover  Page — A  Giant  Ceiba  Tree  and  Country  Seene. 
Frontispiece — Farm  School,  Camaguey. 

All  Around  Cuba: 

Ciego  de  Avila 10 

El  Roque  Canal 10 

Film  Companies ■ . .  .  10 

Moron 10 

Palm  City 10 

Trinidad 10 

Camaguey  Farm  and  School,  illu.strated 12,   13,   14 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

Armour  Packing  Co 33 

Cienfuegos,  Palmira  &  Cruces  Belt  Line  Ry 32 

Cuban  Tire  &  Rubber  Co 32 

Electrical  Goods 33 

Export  Trade 34 

Lignum  Vitae 34 

Royal  Bank  of  Canada 32 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

Cuba  Cane  Sugar  Corporation 

Oil  Trust,  Ltd 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Securities .... 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban    Railroads 9, 


United  Railways  of  Havana  Report . 


20 
20 
20 
20 
.21,   22,   23,  24,   25,   26,  27,  28,  29,  30;   31 


Cuban  Government  Matters: 

American  Institute  of  International  Law                                                ,S 

Building  Imnrovements 9 

Cienfuegos  Street  Improvement 7 

Granja  "El  Chico" 9 

Havana  Traffic  Rules 7 

Matanzas  Railway 9 

Public  Library 7 

San  Lazaro  Hospital 7 

El  Cobre  Mines,  illustrated ^ .  .  ;  .15,   16,  17 

Havana  Private  Watchmen ! IS 

Publications  Received 18 

Santiago  Dock  Strike,  illustrated 11,  12 

Sugar  Industry: 

Central  "Redencion" 3") 

Porto  Rico  Sugar 35 

Sugar  Crop  Estimate 35 

Tacajo 35 

Sugar  Review,  English 35,  36 

Sugar  Review,  Spanish 36 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 


'ALL  ABOUT   CUBA" 


Copyright,    1017,  by  the   Munson   Steamship  Line 


Volume   XV 


FEBRUARY,  1917 


Number   3 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


CIENFUEGOS  STREET  IMPROVEMENT 

Contracts  have  been  awarded  to  Sr.  Rodri- 
guez at  H'avana  tor  the  improvement  of 
streets  in  the  city  of  Cienfuegos,  and  the  work 
calls  for  the  most  improved  macadam  and 
asphalt  highways  used  with  Belgian  blocks. 

The  amount  allowed  for  these  street  im- 
provements, more  than  $2,000,000  is  to  be 
protected  by  a  lien  on  the  revenues  derived 
from  the  city  water  plant,  which  will  be 
taken  over  by  the  contractors  and  operated 
for  a  period  of  years. 

The  streets  of  Cienfuegos  and  a  number  of 
the  other  larger  Cuban  ci^^ies  have  been  badly 
neglected  in  recent  years  and  allowed  to  be- 
come almost  impassable,  but  with  the  in- 
crease in  the  automobile  traffic  throughout 
Cuba  and  the  many  complaints  from  owners 
of  cars,  the  Government  is  considering  the 
matter  of  urging  the  munici])alities  to  take 
steps  to  keep  their  streets  in  order. 


HAVANA  TRAFFIC  RULES 

A  commission  ha.-^  Ijeen  appointed  to  revise 
the  present  rules  for  regulating  traffic  in  the 
City  of  Havana  in  order  that  the  congestion  of 
traffic  that  is  so  serious  at  times  may  be,  if 
possible,  prevented.  The  plans  contemplate 
making  certain  streets  available  for  one  way 
traffic  only  and  it  js  furthermore  recommended 
that  in  certain  parts  of  the  city  traffic  police- 
men be  assigned  who  will  be  able  to  speak 
English. 


SAN  LAZARO  HOSPITAL 

This  buikling  was  partially  destiw'ed  by  fire 
on  January  ICth,  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  Havana  Fire  Department.  The  remain- 
ing portions  of  the  building  will  be  burned  at 
a  later  date  in  order  that  there  may  be  no 
danger  of  the  fire  spreading.  The  emplojinent 
of  the  firmen  to  set  a  building  on  fire  rather 
than  to  extinguish  a  fire  was  somewhat  un- 
usual. 


JAMAICA 


The  Immigration  Department  of  Cuba  has 
been  disturl)ed  over  the  great  number  of- 
immigrants  from  Jamaica,  and  the  Depart- 
ment has  made  a  regulation  whereljy  Jamai- 
can immigrants  will  be  required  to  furnish 
a  certificate  showing  that  their  blood  contains 
no  traces  of  malaria. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

It  is  stated  that  Mayor  Varona  Suarez  has 
authorized  commissioners  to  'nspect  the 
l)U'lding  known  as  the  Fronton  where  "Jai 
A  Lai"  was  formerly  played,  and  the  com- 
missioners will  report  on  the  suitabilitj^  of 
this  building  for  the  establishment  there  of  a 
public  library  and  museum. 


GENERAL  SUAREZ 


Major  General  Manuel  Suarez,  who  Avas 
the  oldest  living  general  of  the  Cuban  revo- 
lutionary wars,  died  at  Camagiiey  on  Jan.  2. 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


AMERICAN      INSTITUTE     OF 
INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

The  visit  of  the  delegates  to  the  recent  con- 
gress of  the  American  Institute  of  Inter- 
national Law  in  session  at  Havana  was  made 
very  pleasant  while  they  were  the  guests  of 
the  Cuban  Government,  and  in  iippreciation 
of  the  courtesies  extended  during  their  stay 
in  Cuba ,  the  President  of  the  American  Insti- 
tute, Jas.  Brown  Scott,  gave  a  farewell  ban- 
quet in  honor  of  the  Cuban  Government. 
The  American  m_embers  were  the  guests  of 
the  city  of  JVIatanzas  and  President  Menocal 
generously  arranged  for  the  party  to  use  his 
private  car  for  the  trip  and  d.iring  their  stay 
in  the  latter  city. 

The  Am.erican  Institute  of  International 
Law  was  founded  in  Washington  in  1912  for 
the  purpose  of  propagating  in  America  the 
principles  of  justice  and  law  which  should 
regulate  the  relations  of  these  nations  to  each 
other.  The  congress  in  Havana  resulted  from 
an  invitation  of  the  Cuban  Government  and 
was  under  the  auspices  of  the  Cuban  Society 
of  International  Law,  affiliated  with  the 
American  Institute. 

In  the  session  of  the  Institute  held  last 
month  in  Havana  ten  recommendations,  in- 
troduced by  Dr.  Brown  Scott,  were  unani- 
mously approved.  They  wiU  be  known  as 
the  "Havana  Recommendations"  and  are  as 
follows : 

(1)  The  convoking  of  a  third  conference  of 
The  Hague  and  the  invitation  thereto  of 
all  the  nations  of  the  world. 

(2)  That  the  peace  conference  of  The  Hague 
should  meet  in  fixed  periods  of  time  and 
be  a  permanent  body,  which  without 
imposing  justice,  should  recommend  it. 

(3)  All  arrangements  between  the  states 
with  respect  to  the  convoking  and  pro- 
ceedings of  conference  to  be  made 
known,  so  that  in  this  institution  no 
nation  should  have  preponderating  in- 
fluence. 

(4)  The  naming  of  a  committee  to  meet  at 
regular  intervals  during  the  recess  of 
the  conferences  and  whose  duty  it  would 
be  to  work  to  secure  the  ratification  and 
adoption  of  treaties  and  declarations 
and  attempt  to  obtain  the  strict  observ- 
ance of  such. 

(5)  A  universal  agreement  respecting  the 
fundamental  principles  of  international 
law  expressed  in  the  declaration  of  rights 
and  duties  of  nations,  adopted  by  the 
American  Institute  on  January  6,  1916. 


(6)  The  creation  of  a  permanent  board  of 
arbitration  to  study,  discuss  and  inform 
on  those  questions,  not  susceptible  to 
judicial  solution,  which  would  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  board  by  the  powers. 

(7)  The  employment  of  the  good  offices  of 
mediation  and  of  friendly  arrangement 
of  questions  not  capable  of  judicial  solu- 
tion. 

(8)  Arbitration  for  the  solution  of  con- 
flicts not  capable  of  being  judicial^ 
solved  and  also  for  those  which  even 
being  so,  have  assum.ed,  because  of  delay 
or  bad  interpretation,  such  a  political 
importance  that  the  nations  prefer  to 
submit  them  to  boards  named  by  them- 
selves rather  than  to  a  permanent  judi- 
cial court. 

(9)  The  negotiation  of  a  treaty  by  which  a 
judicial  union  of  all  nations  is  established, 
similar  to  the  1908  Postal  L^nion,  in 
which  all  civilized  nations  should  take 
part,  each  pledging  his  good  faith  to  sub- 
mit differences  which  involve  questions 
of  right  and  equity  to  a  permanent  court 
of  this  union,  whose  decisions  would  Le 
obligatory  not  only  for  the  nations  in 
litigation,  but  for  all  those  forming  a 
part  of  the    union. 

(10)  The  formation  of  a  pu1)lic  opinion  for 
the  pacific  arrangement  in  general,  and 
particulary  in  favor  of  the  nine  foregoing 
proposals,  so  that  if  they  were  accepted 
they  would  be  put  into  practice  and  made 
effective  under  the  highest  of  sanctions, 
"a  decorous  respect  for  the  opinions  of 
humanity." 

MUSKETRY  INSTRUCTOR 
Charles  C.  Willimas,  who   was  musketry 
instructor  to  the  Cuban  army,  died  Jan.  27th, 
at  Havana. 

Mr.  Williams  was  a  retired  sergeant  of  the 
American  army  and  was  a  champion  marks- 
man and  had  been  instructing  the  Cuban  army 
in  markmanship  for  about  a  year. 

HAVANA  CITY  FINANCES 
It  is  stated  that  at  the  first  of  January  the 
condition  of  the  city  treasiu-y  showed  a  bal- 
ance on  hand  of  $19,337.45  and  that  the  city's 
immediate  obligations  amounted  to  .floO,- 
627.70.  The  city  officials  are  now  consider- 
ing msans  whereby  this  deficit  may  be  met. 

HAVANA 

Customs  statistics  show  that  during  the 
month  of  January,  12,544  passengers  arrived 
in  the  port  of  Havana. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


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GOVERNMENT     BUILDING     IMPROVEMENTS 
AT  HAVANA 

The  building  used  by  the  State  Department 
in  Havana  is  undergoing  repairs  and  will  be 
remodeled  throughout  to  provide  increased  floor 
space  for  offices,  and  it  wi-ll  be  equipped  with 
a  passenger  elevator.  It  is  understood  to  be 
tlie  intention  of  the  Government  to  adopt 
a  distinctive  type  of  architecture  for  all  of 
its  piil)lic  buildings,  and  the  building  used  by 
the  Department  of  State  and  Justice  will  be 
the  first  of  a  group  to  undergo  the  necessary 
changes  and  -improvements  to  meet  the  pres- 
ent demands  (as  shown  in  the  accompanjing 
photo).  Work  is  also  under  way  on  the  ad- 
joining building  formerly  used  as  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Secret  Police. 


the  farm,  owing  to  the  severe  losses  and  con- 
tagion spread  to  other  breeds.  However,  this 
has  been  overcome  to  a  large  extent  and  it  is 
now  established  that  the  Spanish  "Prats" 
breed  of  chickens  are  best  suited  for  Cuba, 
due  to  their  suitableness  to  the  Cuban  climate 
and  good  returns  as  layers. 

President  Menocal  now  uses  "El  Chico"as 
his  summer  residence  and  visits  here  fre- 
quently, and  he  seems  ha])piest  when  he  can 
devote  a  part  of  his  time  looking  around  the 
place  keeping  in  close  touch  with  his  interests 
in  connection  with  agricultural  matters,  stock 
breeding,  etc. — 'his  doing  so  is  with  the  desire 
to  help  Cuba  and  her  people. 


GRANJA  "EL  CHICO" 

This  is  the  property  of  President  Menocal 
and  is  located  near  Havana  (as  described  fully 
in  the  April  1916,  columns  of  the   Review). 

Although  considerable  criticism  has  ap- 
peared in  the  pages  of  certain  Havana  news- 
papers in  regard  to  this  project,  the  writer  has 
found  that  there  is  no  ground  for  criticism 
and  the  chicken  farm  branch  of  the  estate  has 
proven  to  be  a  success  and  it  receives  the 
personal  attention  of  the  President. 

In  the  early  stages  of  the  experiment  when 
numerous  fancy  chickens  were  nnported  from 
the  United  States  and  other  countries,  a  num- 
ber of  the  white  leghorn  variety  were  afflicted 
with  the  'croup',  which  brought  discourage- 
ment to  some  of  the  experts  connected  with 


MATANZAS    STREET    RAILWAY    SYSTEM 

Tliis  line  was  opened  to  the  public  for  ser- 
vice in  December  1916  and  is  proving  a  big 
financial  SL'ccess  The  company  is  at  present 
operating  ten  cars, of  the  latest  storage  battery 
t^-jje,  over  fourteen  kiloaieters  of  track,  reach- 
ing to  different  portions  of  the  city;  and  plans 
are  under  way  to  very  materially  increase  this 
track  mileage  and  make  it  possible  to  travel 
to  any  part  of  the  city  on  a  five  cent  far.  The 
street  railway  system  with  power  house  and 
other  holdings  represents  an  investment  ol 
$270,000.00. 

ELECTRIC  PLANTS 

Electric  plants  have  been  authorized  at 
Varadero  and  Pedro  Betancourt,  and  also  im- 
provements OP  the  plant  at  Rodas. 


10 


I'HE     CUBA     REVIEW 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


IMPROVEMENTS  AT  TRINIDAD 

The  Caba  Railroad's  recently  constructed 
branch  line  connecting  Placetas  del  Sur,  on 
the  main  line,  with  Casilda,  the  seaport  for 
Trinidad  in  Santa  Clara  province,  will  socn 
In-  opened  up  for  traffic,  and  this  new  line  wall 
opsn  Tip  a  rich  agricultural  and  mineral  coun- 
try and  once  rnor^  give  the  very  old  town  of 
Trinidad  direct  communication  with  the  in- 
terior poiats  (,f  CaV)a.  The  distance  of  this 
new  extsnsion  is  91  kilometers  and,  owing  to 
the  difficult  engineering  work  encountered  in 
locating  a  line  through  and  across  the  canyon 
of  the  Agaliama  river,  considerable  delay  has 
b2en  experienced.  The  new  1  ine  extends  over 
a  portion  of  the  old  rnadbed  which  was  for- 
merly used  as  a  railroad  and  abandoned  dur- 
ing the  revolution.  The  town  of  Trinidad 
has  a  population  estimated  to  be  12,000  in- 
habitants, and  is  located  five  kilometers  from 
Casilda,  the  seaport,  and  has  been  one  of  the 
most  inaccessible  important  points  reached 
by  travelers  in  Cuba. 

MORON 

The  building  occupied  by  the  National  Bank 
of  Cuba  at  Moron  is  undergoing  repairs,  which, 
when  completed ,  will  make  it  the  largest  and 
one  of  the  most  handsome  buildings  in  Moron. 

A  new  sugar  mil'  is  l)eing  erected  in  the 
vicinity  of  Moron  along  the  line  of  the  pro- 
jwsed  North  Coast  Railroad  by  the  Mendoza 
Cia.  of  Havana.  The  new  mill  Avill  have  an 
initial  capacity  of  100,000  bags  to  be  in- 
creased when  necessary  and  will  be  ready  for 
grinding  next  years'  crop.  A  large  tract  of 
land  is  being  made  ready  for  cane  in  this 
vicinity. 


EL  ROQUE  CANAL 

Steam  shovel  and  dredging  woi-k  is  again 
under  way  on  the  proposed  El  Roque  canal 
and  the  work  has  advanced  to  a  point  across 
the  tracks  ct  the  United  Railways  near  Jovel- 
lanos  in  Matanzas  province.  Sr.  Rodriquez 
is  handling  the  contract  for  this  work  and  it 
is  intended  to  drain  the  sA\-ami3  lands  around 
Cardenas  on  the  north  coast  through  these 
canals  or  ditches  and  thereby  secure  much 
needed  irrigation  for  interior  points,  and  also 
restore  much  valuable  land  around  Cardenas 
for  commercial  purposes. 


CI  EGO  DE  AVILA 

The  new  building  at  Ciego  de  Avi'a  lor  the 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada  is  rapid 'y  nearing  com- 
pjetion.  It  is  of  the  same  standard  style  of  de- 
sign as  other  buildings  erected  by  this  com- 
pany throughout  the  island  and  will  cost 
1180,000.  The  work  of  construction  is  in  charge 
of  Purdy  &  Henderson. 

MATANZAS 

The  Vice-president  of  the  Hershey  Inter- 
urban  Railway  Company,  which  plans  an 
electric  line  from  Matanzas  to  Havana,  has 
asked  the  railway  commission  for  permission 
to  buiki  a  line  from  Casa  Blanca  to  Cojimar 
as  a  Yiavt  of  the  project. 


FILM  COMPANIES 

Several  companies  of  film  artists  have  been 
touring  the  island  of  Cuba  during  the  past 
month  making  up  film  plays  among  the  nat- 
ural scenic  beauties  and  mountains  of  Eastern 
Cuba. 


PALM   CITY 


We  have  been  informed  that  Dr.  Benedict 
Lust  of  New  York  City  has  acquired  1,500 
acres  of  land  at  Palm  City,  with  the  intention 
of  forming  a  colony.  The  colonists  will  be 
encouraged  in  the  culture  of  fruits,  cocoanuts 
and  alligator  pears,  and  it  is  planned  to 
establish  a  pure  food  cannery  where  various 
products  of  the  colony  will  be  put  up. 


HOTEL  PLAZA     CAMAGUEY 

Owing  to  insufficient  quarters  the  Hotel 
Plaza  at  Camaguey,  under  the  management 
of  Mr.  I.  Grossman,  has  arranged  for  addi- 
tions and  betterments  to  the  present  building, 
w^hich  include  the  erection  of  an  additional 
story  and  changes  in  the  present  grountl  floor 
plan  and  entrance.  The  contract  for  this 
work  has  been  let  to  the  Purdy  &  Henderson 
Company,    Havana. 


THE  TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

For  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1916,  after 
paying  the  dividend  at  the  rate  of  8%  per 
annum  the  c«mp:my  placed  $125,000  to  the 
reserve  fund  and  carried  over  $21,000  to 
profit  and  loss  account. 


THE     CCJBA     REVIEW 


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12  T  H  E     C  U  B  A    R  E  V  I  E  W 


SANTIAGO  DOCK  STRIKE 


The  strike  began  January  3ci ,  when  the  stevedores  and  helpers  stopped  work  on  a  steamer 
discharging  at  the  Santiago  wharves  upon  refusal  of  the  sliipping  agents  to  grant  their  demands 
for  an  increase  in  daily  wages  from  $2.50  to  .S4.00,  and  other  dictatorial  conditions  as  to  how  and 
when  they  should  load  and  unload  steamers.  The  shipping  agents  and  representatives  were 
agreeable  to  granting  their  demands  fcr  an  increase  in  wages,  but  refused  to  recognize  their 
Union  and  its  intention  to  impose  unreasonable  conditions  governing  the  handling  cf  a  steamer 
on  arrival  at  the  docks  ui  Santiago.  No  agreement  could  be  reached  on  this  point  and  the 
strike  continued  quieth'  until  January  fifteenth.  In  the  m.eantin:e  the  situation  had  become 
serious  in  the  city  as  regards  food  supplies,  and  on  January  14th,  at  a  conference  of  the  mer- 
chants and  shipping  agents,  it  was  decided  to  attempt  to  break  the  strike  Jan.  15th,  by  get- 
ting all  the  volimteers  possible  at  $10.C0  per  day  and  using  the  clerks  from  the  various  stores 
and  offices.  This  plan  worked  better  than  was  expected  and  more  than  300  young  men  reported 
for  duty  early  on  the  morning  of  the  15th,  including  the  President  cf  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce and  some  of  the  city's  mcst  prominent  business  men,  who  removed  their  coats  and  went 
to  work  handling  freight  and  dri\ing  the  carts  to  destination — and  the  only  new  disquieting 
development  favorable  to  the  cause  of  the  strikers  up  to  this  time  was  a  sjTnpathetic  walk-out 
of  all  the  cart  and  truck  drivers — but  this  did  not  disturb  the  good  work  going  on  by  the  men 
acting  as  strike  breakers,  and  they  finished  their  first  day's  work  without  much  interference 
owing  to  the  excellent  protection  given  by  the  Government  rural  guards,  and  a  large  quantity 
of  much  needed  merchandise  and  perishable  provisions  were  moved  from  the  docks  to  the  con- 
signees, and  to  all  appearances  the  strike  had  failed. 

To  an  outsider's  view  the  strike  was  conducted  in  a  most  orderly  way  and  settled  in  the 
only  possible  manner.  After  the  first  da3''s  efforts  on  the  part  of  the  shipping  men  to  show 
the  strikers  that  they  meant  business  and  the  co-operation  of  the  rural  guards  to  preserve  order 
and  keep  the  freight  moving  from  the  docks,  the  strikers  asked  for  a  further  conference  and 
withdrew  their  unreasonable  demands  and  were  allowed  to  return  to  work.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  this  satisfactory'  settlement  of  the  Santiago  strike  will  have  a  beneficial  effect  on  other 
labor  troubles  now  brewing  throughout  the  island. 


CAMAGUEY   FARM   SCHOOL 


The  formal  opening  of  the  branch  agricultural  school  located  in  Camaguey  province  near 
the  city  of  Camaguey  has  been  delayed  owing  to  shortage  of  construction  material  and  fit- 
tings for  the  various  laboratories.  The  Adminstration  and  Class  Room  building,  dormitories, 
creamery,  wagon  and  tool  houses,  cattle  barns  and  stock  pens,  chicken  runs  and  bee  yeards  are 
all  completed  with  the  exception  of  minor  fittings,  and  it  is  now  expected  to  begin  the  enrollment 
of  classes  and  start  the  teachiag  of  the  various  practical  courses  not  later  than  IMarch  15th, 
this  year. 

The  Cuban  Government,  through  the  laws  of  its  legislature  in  July  ISOO,  created  six  farm 
schools  for  the  island  to  be  distributed  among  the  different  provinces  and  dedicated  to  the  teach- 
ing of  practical  agriculture,  farm  mechanics  and  stock  husbandry,  to  young  men  and  boys  over 
fourteen  years  of  age,  the  schools  to  afford  equal  opportunities  to  native  and  foreign  hihabitants 
of  Cuba.  At  the  beginning  each  school  was  to  have  sufficient  capacity  for  thirty  students.  (The 
C  amaguey  school  will  be  one  of  the  largest,  most  modern  and  complete  schools  on  the  island 
and  will  have  ample  facilities  for  sbrty  students  at  the  outset.)  The  State  is  to  furnish  board 
and  lodging  during  the  course  of  study,  which  will  consume  about  two  years  for  the  following 
subjects. 

Arithmetic  and  Drawing  Chemistry  and  Physics  Natural  History 

Agriculture  Plant  Culture  Farm  Bookkeeping. 

Sixty  acres  of  land  were  acquired  for  the  Camaguey  school  in  December  1913,  and  an  addi- 
tional sixty  acres  in  June  1914,  and  with  this  last  parcel  of  land  a  substantial  brick  building  was 


IMI  E     CUBA     R  E  V  1  ]•:  W 


13 


I'nfinished    Administration    and    Classroom    Building 
Farm   School,    Camaguey. 


acquired,  which  is  used  today  by  the  Director  in  charge,  Dr.  Luaces,  as  a  residenee  and  office. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  in  connection  with  the  new  building  constructioa  work  that  special 
attentioa  is  being  givevi  to  the  sanitary  and  water  service  installations  and  no  expense  has  beea 
spared  to  jierfect  such  an  arrangement,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that  this  will  be  made  an  educa- 
tional feature  or  ol)ject  lesson  in  the  dormitories  and  class  rooms. 

The  Director  in  charge,  Dr.  Luaces,  first  came  to  this  farm  in  October  1914,  having  resigJied 
the  position  of  Director  General  of  Agriculture  at  Havana,  which  change  he  requested  becdu.se 
of  a  desire  to  be  more  active  and  because  of  the  opportunity  afforded  to  be  among  the  farmers, 
who  are  all  his  friends  and  seek  his  advice;  and  it  is  through  Dr.  Luaces's  tireless  efforts 
that  the  school  at  Camaguey  was  made  a  possibility,  and  he  is  very  happy  and  pleased  with 
the  success  attained  so  far,  and  when  the  school  is  finished  and  in  operation  the  people  of 
Cuba  and  Camaguey  province  in  particular  will  be  much  indebted  to  him.  The  farm  and 
school  will  1)6  well  equipped  with  chemical  and  physical  laboratories,  also  with  apparatus  for 
meteorological  work,  specimens  for  the  natural  historj^  museum,  fanning  tools  and  a  complete 
creamery  outfit,  also  electric  lighting  and  ice  plant,  incubators,  etc.  The  Director  has  collected 
a  good  reference  and  working  library  for  the  professors,  who  will  be  eight  in  number,  selected 
by  competitive  examination  in  their  respective  branches,  and  also  for  the  students,  and  in  this 
endeavor  Dr.  Luaces  is  receiving  valuable  aid  from  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
the  experiment  stations  at  Manila,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  Texas,  Florida,  Cahfoniia  and  others. 
As  a  reference  library  on  agricultural  matters  in  Cuba  today,  the  library  at  the  Camaguey 
school  is  surpassed  only  by  that  of  the  collection  of  native  woods  numbering  17(3  varieties; 
and  a  good  start  has  been  made  in  the  collection  of  native  soils,  sands,  Umes,  guanos,  rocks  and 
miiierals  of  the  province.  Valuable  experiments  are  being  conducted  along  the  lines  of 
introducing  new  forage  crops  such  as  Sudan,  Rhodes,  Natal,  and  other  grasses,  for  the  benefit 
of  Camaguey  province,  which  is  principally  the  cattle  section  for  Cuba. 

The  farm,  besides  rendering  cattle  breeding  service,  also  maintains  a  plant  propogatuig 
department  for  the  free  distribution  of  plants  for  beautifying  the  parks,  schools  and  roads  in  the 
province.  The  eggs  produced  by  the  fann  chickens  are  sold  at  half  rite  to  the  fanners  who 
must  use  them  for  breeding  purposes  only,  and  the  young  hogs,  cattle,  etc.,  are  also  sold  to 
breeders,  and  this  is  all  done  in  the  hope  of  educating  the  farmers,  improving  the  breed  and 
increasing  the  chicken  farm  industry  among  the  Cuban  country  people.  The  office  distributes 
seeds,  bulletins  and  periodicals  which  are  received  from  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
at  Havana,  and  any  interesting  pubUcations  which  are  contributed  by  outsiders. 


14 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


Interior.    Court    and    Grounds,     Farm    School.    C'ainaKUf 


' '""V'. --i<^*;  ^^'''      ii 


Cat  t  li'    Sticds     >V     K  II  i< 


111     .Si'tidol,     Cania)j,uc\ 


The  farm  and  school  enjoys  ap  iieal  locution  on  the  highroad  fr^m  C\:maguey  to  Santiago 
de  Cuba,  three  miles  from  the  city  of  Cam.ague>.  Its  soil  contains  a  good  percentage  of  black 
clay  and  a  rich  sandy  loam..  The  water  supply  is  obtained  from,  an  artesian  well,  and  the  farm 
will  be  well  supplied  with  running  water  from  the  num.erous  natural  springs  in  the  vicinity. 

The  school  banner  will  be  composed  from,  the  Irish  colors,  green  and  gold,  both  of  wliich 
are  appropriate  to  the  county  and  farm. — the  green  of  the  grass  and  the  gold  of  the  citrus  fruits— 
also  the  colors  of  the  Director,  Dr.  Luaces,  who  is  known  am.ong  the  Anierican  and  other  for- 
eigners of  the  province  of  Cam.aguey  as  the  "Cuban-Irishman." 


T  iiK   c  r  ii  A    H  i:  V  I  !•:  w 


15 


i-^ir 


'■'^''■'^Wp' 


The 


Remains   of  the    Old    Church    which    Contains 
"The    \'irKin    of    Kl    Coiirc." 


"EL  COBRE"  MINES 


These  mines  are  said  to  be  tiie  oldest  copper  mines  in  trie  Western  Hemisphere,  located 
in  the  m.ountains  west  of  Santiao:o,  and  history  says  they  were  first  developed  in  the  year  1620, 
by  the  Spaniards,  who  abandoned  theT>.  to  the  Eng'is'i  in  1837,  and  were  worked  until  1865, 
when  they  again  reor-.ained  idle  until  1903,  when  the  present  American  holding  company  started 
operations.  They  are  t)est  reached  from  Santiigo  by  boat  across  the  bay  to  the  mining  rail- 
road station,  from  which  point  five  trains  operate  each  day  to  the  town  of  El  Cobre  and  the 
niines  fifteen  miles  away.  Along  the  rail  route  to  the  mines  can  ])e  seen  evidences  of  the  old 
aV^andoned  railroad  and  wrecked  bridges  used  many  years  ago  during  the  En.glish  occupation 
and  as  t'le  train  nears  El  Cobre  can  be  seen  the  old  location  of  the  mines  with  the  building 
a})parently  intact  used  l)y  the  English  Comjjany  and  now  abandoned. 

At  first  sight  the  town  of  El  Cobre  looks  the  tj^iical  mining  town  and  as  if  it  had  experienced 
the  usual  "mushroom"  growth,  but  it  must  not  be  overlooked  that  this  has  been  a  busy  and 
growing  communitj^  during  the  past  three  years,  owing  to  the  unprecedented  demand  for  all 
grades  of  copper,  due  to  the  European  war.  The  place  also  strikes  one  as  l)eing  unbearably 
hot — -situated  as  it  is  in  the  canyon  with  mountains  en  all  sides — l)ut  the  inhabitants  explain 
that  due  to  this  location  they  get  the  i)leasant  evening  breezes  which  find  a  way  through  these 
canyons  or  cuts  from  the  sea. 

The  visitor  to  El  Cobre  for  the  first  time  is  attracted  by  the  most  iniusual  sight  of  an  old 
church  in  ruins  which  can  be  seen  on  the  summit  ol  one  of  the  distant  hills,  and  wonders  how  it 
-remains  standing  in  r.u'ns,  as  it  appears,  and  we  ai-e  told  that  it  is  tlie  wreck  of  a  very  old  Church 


16 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


TlK'    Tc.wiL    <,l     i-:!     <  -..li 


(•.(■iicral    \'ic\v    of    Mnics    and    Plant,    l-:i    Cobre. 


which  was  erected  by  an  order  of  Spanish  priests  and  has  fallen  down  due  to  the  many  exca- 
vations and  mining  operations  throughout  the  hill  underneath.  This  old  chapel  is  known  as 
the  "Virgin  of  El  Cobre"  and  contains  an  image  of  the  "Virgin  Mary"  which  has  stood,  un- 
scathed throughout  the  years. 

The  mining  camp  proper  consists  of  offices,  power  house,  laboratory,  shops,  foundry  and 
concentrators,  and  in  the  foundry  there  are  facilities  for  making  many  large  copper  composi- 
tion castings  from  the  concentrated  ore  taken  from  the  mines.  The  plant  is  in  charge  of  Mr. 
W.  H.  Emerson,  General  Manager,  and  he  is  assisted  by  a  staff  of  .\mericans  and  Englislimen. 
Several  hundred  men  are  employed  in  the  mines  at  present  and  the  mining  labor  is  entirely 
Spanish  from  the  Gallego  province  of  Spain,  and  these  Gallegos  will  not  work  with  Mexicans 
or  Spaniards  from  other  sections  of  Spain,  or  in  fact  any  other  foreign  class  of  labor,  on  account 


T  H  E     C  U  B  A     R  E  V  I  E  A\' 


17 


Hills   ShoAving   Shafts   and    Aliuii-ig    OperaUuu.- 


('■('iieral    \'ie\v    of   Mines    and    Plan.t. 


of  racial  prejudice,  and  the  company  considers  these  Gallegos  to  be  the  best  class  of  mining 
labor  owing  to  their  good  habits  and  to  the  fact  that  they  are  contented,  and  they  are  employed 
in  .preference  to  others. 

The  Cuba  Copper  Company  holds  many  claims  for  the  ore  deposits  in  the  liills  about  El 
Cobre,  and  at  present  four  of  these  locations  are  being  actively  worked.  The  operations  are 
what  is  known  as  "shaft  and  tunnel"  work  and  the  greatest  depth  at  which  they  are  now  taking 
out  ore  is  six  hundred  feet  below  the  surface  ot  the  hills.  Owing  to  the  pressing  demand  for  copper 
at  the  present  time,  they  are  working  two  shifts  of  men  day  and  night,  and  are  taking  out  hun- 
dreds of  tons  daily  which  run  from  six  to  eighteen  per  cent  copper.  The  mines  are  equipped 
with  elevators  and  at  the  bottom  of  each  main  shaft  is  a  'arge  pump  which  is  constant' j'  pump- 
ing the  water  out  of  the  mines. 

The  rock-ore  is  brought  to  the  surface  in  a  skip  and  dumped  into  a  chute  from  which  it  is 
fed  into  a  crusher;  from  the  cioisher  the  rock-ore  is  carried  on  a  broad  apron  conveyor  to  the 
rolls,  where  it  is  pulverized.  The  pulverized  ore  is  then  delivered  to  a  series  of  flotation  cells, 
where  it  is  mixed  with  compressed  air,  water  and  crude  oil.    After  an  agitating  process  this 


18 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


mixture  is  passed  from  one  cell  to  another,  the  valuable  metal,  or  copper,  being-  carried  in 
suspension.  The  ore  now  enters  the  concentrators  after  the  foregoing  washing  and  mixing 
processes,  and  that  portion  of  the  ore  bearing  fluid  is  passed  over  the  concentrating  tables  and 
collected  for  shipment.  The  fluid  which  has  been  carr>-ing  the  foreg)ine-  processes,  and  which 
sti'l  retains  much  value  is  finally  delivered  to  the  precipitation  beds,  where  it  flows  over 
heaps  of  scrap  steel,  iron,  zinc,  etc.,  and  practically  all  of  the  remaining  ccpper  in  solution  is 
precipitated  on  the  scrap  ir  )n  and  is  cleaned  up  at  regular  intervals,  yielding  about  80*;  f  pure 
copper  metal.  This  copper  precipitates  and  the  concentrates  are  bagged  and  shipped  for  final 
treatment  at  the  smelters  in  the  United  States. 


HAVANA   PRIVATE  WATCHMEN. 

The  watchman  of  yore,  with  lighted  lantern 
in  one  hand  and  uplifted  lance  in  the  other, 
readyfor  defense,  has  passed  away.  He  hailed 
the  passing  hour  i:i  stentorian  tones,  from  ten 
o'clock  to  break  of  day,  and  hourly  announced 
the  time  and  weather.  He  sometimes  slept  at 
his  post  or  went  on  his  beat,  with  eyes  half 
closed  and  yawned  with  weariness.  Generally 
these  guardians  of  the  public  peace  were 
Spaniards,  appointed  by  the  City.  Nowa- 
days policemen  are  assigned  to  the  duty  of 
guardiar.s  of  the  night,  and  each  Legation  has 
policemen  on  duty,  a  courtesy  of  the  Cuban 
Govenunent.  Policemen  on  day  a.nd  night 
rounds  are  jiow  the  guardians  of  the  peace  and 
protectors  cf  the  city  and  suburban  towns. 

However,  private  watchmen  are  sometimes 
employed  in  the  subiu'bs.  They  are  usually 
natives  cf  Spain,  and  wear  a  cap  with  a 
leather  ba.'id  to  de;:ote  their  calling  as  well  as 
their  badge  of  office.  They  carry  a  stout 
cudgel  and  are  accompanied  by  a  watch-dog. 
These  private  watchmen  are  supposed  to 
be  on  their  beat  from  nine  o'clock  until  day 
break,  but  in  many  cases,  they  are  not  visible 
except  on  the  days  they  come  to  collect  a  dol- 
lar a  month,  their  usual  stipe.-id. 

There  is  a  motion  before  the  House  to  abol- 
ish this  nightly  service,  as  useless  and  unde- 
sirable. 

However,  sometimes  a  shrill  call  by  a 
whistle  will  summon  aid  either  to  help  quell  a 
fracas,  or  hold  up  a  dark  marauder,  attempting 
to  break  into  a  house.  Cuban  dweUings  are 
safeguarded  with  iron  bars  and  strong,  mas- 
sive doors,  but  some  houses  cf  modern  archi- 
tecture have  light  iron  scroll  work,  instead  of 
bars,  and  doers,  easily  broken  open,  and 
burglars  break  in  while  the  inmates  are  asleep. 
A  favorite  method  of  these  criminals  is  to 
waft  a  handkerchief  saturated  with  choloform 
which  stupifies  the  sleeper,  and  then  the 
burglar  has  time  to  cirry  off  his  booty,  while 
the  private  watchman  is  taking  his  forty 
uinks. 


The  j)olice  force  in  Havana  for  traffic  was 
established  by  Gen.  Armando  Eivas,  ^who 
improved  the  conditions  greatly  while  he  was 
Chief  of  Police.  There  are  now  police,  mounted 
policeme.n,  and  policemen  on  foot.  Their 
uniforms  are  neat  and  natty  and  they  wear 
helmets,  and  wield  a  club.  They  are  kept  on 
the  alert,  especially  in  the  crowded  narrow 
streets  of  the  capital.  It  is  estimated  that 
six  thousand  automobiles  and  motoring 
cars  traverse  Havana  daily.  Since  the  Ford 
Agency  has  been  established,  automobiles  can 
be  hired  for  twenty  cents  a  trip  in  town  and 
for  thirty  five  cents  a  trip  in  the  Vedado. 


PUBLICATIONS   RECEIVED 

Chemical  Conirol  in  Cane  Sugar  Factories, 
by  H.  C.  Prinsen  Geerligs,  Ph.D.,  published 
by  Norman  Rodger,  London,  E.  C,  England. 
Price  10s.  net.  This  volume  presents  the 
most  modern  methods  that  are  in  use  for 
the  sampling  and  analysing  of  the  several 
products,  and  the  calculating  and  recording 
of  the  results,  in  cane  sugar  factories  in 
almost  every  cane-growing  country  of  the 
world.  There  are  slight  d.eviations  practised 
in  different  countries,  but,  on  the  whole, 
the  processes  here  described  are  universally 
adopted  in  all  coimtries  where  chemical 
control  in  the  sugar-houses  is  in  regular  use. 

Standard  Guide  to  Cuba,  1917,  by  Charles 
B.  Reynolds,  published  by  Foster  &  Reynolds 
Co.,  Havana  and  New  York.  Price  50c. 
American  money.  This  book  is  a  new  and 
complete  guide  to  the  Island  of  Cuba,  with 
maps,  illustrations,  routes  of  travel,  history, 
and  an  English-Spanish  phrase  book. 

StandardCuide  to  Havana,  1917,  by  Charles 
B.  Reynolds,  published  by  Foster  &  Rey- 
nolds Co.,  Havana  and  New  York.  Price 
25c.  A.merican  money.  This  book  is  a  com- 
plete handbook  for  visitors,  with  map, 
illustrations,  history,  and  an  English-Spanish 
manual  of  conversation. 


T  H  E     C  U  B  A     R  E  V  I  E  VV  19 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD 

Tho  earnings  of  the  CuIjh  liiiilroad  Company  for  the  month  of   DcccmlH-r  and  six  months 
ended  December  31,   191(1,  compare  as  follows: 

1916  1915  1914  191;]  1912  1911 

Deeemher  gross $517,402      $513,369      $403,377      $458,343      $412,408      $293,684 

Expenses 465,280       265,990        186,850       219,360       200,390        155,732 


Deceml)ernet $52,122     $247,378     $216,527     $238,982     $212,018     $137,952 


Other  income 9OI 

Xet  income 53,024 

Fixed  charges $95,133        $86,179       $70,195        $66,791        $66,791        $60,125 


Deeemher  sur])] us $42,109  $161,199  $146,331  $172,191  $145,226  $77,827 

From  Ju  y  1: 

8Lx  months'  gross $3,175,176  $2,540,298  $2,006,458  $2,173,574  $1,948,951  $1,582,665 

Six  months' net 983,078  1,111,582  866,918  981,927  823,103  684,312 

Other  income 5,055 

Fixed  charges .  .  .  , 538,973  452,748  421,354  400,750  400,472  360,750 

8ix  months' surplus $449,159  $658,834  $445,563  $581,177  $422,631  $323,562 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  of  December:  1916  1915  1914 

Gross  earnings $530,270  $487,667  $457,284 

Operating  expen.ses 212.438  186,031  203,530 

Net  earnings 347,832  301,636  253,754 

Miscellaneous  income 16,942  29,616  5,514 

Total  net  income 364,774  .331,252  259,268 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  cliarges 234,293  205,793  154,555 

12  months  to  December  31: 

Gross  earnings $>, 017,703  $5,511,303  $5,30  3,714 

Operating  expenses 2,293,370  2,237,518  2,501,023 

Net  earnings 3,721,339  3,303,785  2,895,688 

Miscellaneous  incom.e 144,531  154,.321  102,119 

Total  net  income 3,835,900  3,458, 10  >  2,997,807 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 2,314,401  2,140,532  1,711,780 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  receipts:                 1916-1917           1916             1915  1914  1913  1912 

Week  ending  Dec.  30th. .        £40,885    -  £40,742       £27,789  £36,732  £35,764  £32,516 

Week  ending  Jan.    6th..          44,987         50,780         33,212  43,580  35,209  38,004 

Week  ending  Jan.  13th.  .          52,145          .55,487         38,277  40,429  43,137  35,334 

Week  ending  Jan.  20th.  .           54,824          .55,475          .39,993  47,0S4  43,795  40,623 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  receipts:                                                                1917  1916  1915  1914 

Week  ending  Jan.  6th £6,655  £5,759  £1,571  £.5,406 

Week  ending  Jan.  13th 6,461  6,504  4,831  4,826 

Week  ending  Jan.  20th 6,234  6,479  4,811  .5.173 

Week  ending  .Jan.  27th 6,122  6,629  4,434  5,305 

Week  ending  Fel).  3d 7,223  6,707  5,185  5,400 


20 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL   RAILWAYS 

Week:y  receipts:  1916-1917         1916  1915  1914 

Week  ending  Dec.  SOth £10,858  £13,290  £6,211  £9,029 

Week  ending  Jan.  6th 16,106          15,896  9,438  12,291 

Week  ending  Jan.  13th 19,802         21,373  13,570  14,190 

Week  ending  Jan.  20th 2.5,,521          23,562  17,5.53  16,804 

Week  ending  Jan.  27th 2.5,975          26,1.34  18,.510  17,703 

Week  ending  Feb.  3d 26,108         25,712  17,892  14,167 


CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


PREVAILING   PRICES   FOR  CUBAN   SECURITIES 

As  quoted  by  Lawrence  Turnure  dt  Co.,  New  York. 

Bid.  Asked. 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 933  2  94H 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  43^%  Bonds  of  1949 86  87 

RepubUc  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 96}^  96J4 

RepubUc  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 983^  100 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 103  105 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101  103 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 92  95 

Cuba  Raih-oad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 93  3^  95 

Cuba  Co.  6%  Debenture  Bonds 993^  lOOJ^ 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 97  100 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 93  95 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Preferred  Stock 1053^  107 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Common  Stock 99  101 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100  none 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 102  109 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock / 160  175 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  CoUateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 101 3^2  101 M 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 58  63 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  Mtge.  Bonds 92  95 

All  prices  of  bonds  quoted  on  an  and  interest  basis. 


OIL  TRUST 

The  Oil  Trust,  Limited,  was  registered  in 
March,  1910.  In  addition  to  its  interest  in 
oil  properties  in  \arious  parts  of  the  world,  it 
also  has  a  holding  in  the  Cuban  Asphalt  Com- 
pany. Up  to  the  present  it  has  not  been  plain 
sailing  by  any  means;  and  although  the  report 
for  the  year  to  September  30,  last,  discloses  a 
better  financial  position,  the  credit  balance  of 
£7,097  cannot  be  treated  as  a  profit,  and 
shareholders  cannot  look  for  any  dividend  un- 
til the  company  has  recovered  from  the  re- 
sults of  unsatisfactory  investments  made  at 
the  outset  of  the  Trust's  career.    During  the 


year  the  holding  in  the  Cuban  Asphalt  Com- 
pany has  been  increased  by  supplying  further 
working  capital  to  operate  the  properties,  and 
from  all  accounts  the  money  has  been  well 
spent.  The  railway  connecting  the  property 
with  the  port  of  shipment  has  been  put  in 
running  repair,  and  an  output  of  asphalt  is 
now  being  secured.— /^ro//i  Westminster  Gaz- 
ette, London. 


CUBA  CANE  SUGAR  CORP. 

It  is  rumored  inHavana  that  the  Cuba  Cane 
Co.  will  shortly  add  the  sugar  mill  at  Manati 
to  its  already  enormous  holdings  in  Cuba. 


THECUBAREVIEW  21 

THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA  AND  REGLA 
WAREHOUSES,  LIMITED. 


1915-1916 

(/. 

£            s. 

d. 

11 

2,090,360       1 

5 

11 

1,129,237     17 

2 

0 

£961,122       4 
54.02  per  cent. 

3 

REPORT  FOR  THE  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE,   1916. 

The  result  of  the  working  of  the  Railwaj's  for  the  year  1915-1916,  as  conij)ared  with 
1914-1915,  is  as  follows: 

1914-1915 
£  s. 

Receipts 1,692,361     18 

Expenses 894,465       9 

Balance £797,89o      9 

Ratio  of  expenses  to  receipts 52.85  per  cent. 

To  this  balance  of  £961,122  4.s.  3d.  there  has  to  be  added  the  profit  on  the  working  of  the 
Regla  Warehouses,  the  gain  in  exchange  and  Transfer  and  other  Fees,  and  to  l^e  deducted  the 
payment  in  respect  of  the  Marianao  Railway  leased  to  this  Company.  These  adjustments 
having  been  made  there  rem.ains  a  total  of  £971,173  lis.  3d.  After  payment  of  interest  on 
Debentures  and  Debenture  Stocks,  dividend  on  Preference  Stock,  Interim  Dividend  (2  per  cent, 
paid  on  the  Ordinary  Stock  on  INIay  15,  1916,  Taxes  (including  Excess  Profits  Duty  for  1914- 
1915),  Stam.p  Duties,  and  adding  Interest  and  Dividends  on  Investments,  the  value  of  the 
coupons  on  the  Bonds  of  the  Havana  Central  Railroad  Company  exchanged  for  four  per  c^ent. 
Debentures  and  Debenture  Stock  of  this  Company,  and  the  amount  brought  forward  from  last 
account,  there  remains  an  available  balance  of  Net  Revenue  of  £625,469  36'.  5d. 

This  sum.  of  £625,469  3.s.  5d.  is  dealt  with  as  follows: 

£ 

Transferred  to  Reserve  Account 300,000 

Transferred  to  General  Renewals  Reserve 100,000 

Transferred  to  Insurance  Account 5,000 

Transferred  to  Pension  Account 10,000 

The  Board  recomnaends  a  final  dividend  of  3  %  (less  income  tax  at  3.s.  Qd.  in 

the  £) — -making  5%  for  the  year — -on  the  ordinary  stock,  absorbing 196,077 

Carrj-ing  forward 14,392 


s. 

d. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

5 

£625,469       3      5 
The  Reserve  Account  amounts  to  £1,000,000  Os.  Od. 
The  General  Renewals  Reserve  am,oants  to  £322,157  15s.  id. 
The  Insurance  Account  amounts  to  £3r,000  Os.  Od. 
The  Pension  Account  amounts  to  £44,792  2s.  8d. 

RECEIPTS 

Passengers. — The  receipts  from  Passenger  Traffic  (inckiding  ^Marianao  Electric  Service) 
amounted  to  £569,404  against  £447,059  last  year,  an  increase  of  £122,345,  or  27.37  per  cent. 
The  nmnber  of  passengers  carried  was  7,936,512  against  6,727,030,  an  increase  of  1,209,482,  or 
17.98  per  cent.  The  average  distance  travelled  per  passenger  (main  Une  only)  was  33  miles 
and  the  average  fare  (main  hne  only)  3s.  10.98(/.  against  distance  per  passenger  of  3."  miles  and 
an  average  fare  of  4s.  3.4.0d.  in  the  previous  year.  The  average  receipts  per  passenger  ro.ile 
(main  line  only)  were  1.44d.  against  1.47 d.  and  the  percentage  of  traffic  to  capacity  hauled 
36.83  against  31.90  for  the  previous  year. 

The  actual  number  of  main  line  passengers  and  corresponding  earnings  during  the  years 
1914-1915  and  1915-1916  were  as  follows: 

Year  Passengers  Receipts 

1914-15 1,856,163  £397,491 

1915-16 2,634,271  515,659 

Increase 778,108  or  41.927o  £118,168  or  29.73% 


22 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Year  Passengers  Receipts 

1914-15 4,870,867  £49,568 

1915-16 5,302,241  53,745 

Increase 431,374  or  8.86%  £4,177  or  8.437o. 

Total  Goods  Traffic  Receipts.— The  total  receipts  from  Goods  traffic  amounted  to  £1,237,882 
against  £1,020,256  for  tne  previous  year,  an  increase  of  £217,626  or  21.33  per  cent,  giving  an 
average  of  3s.  0.29d.  per  ton  for  an  average  haul  of  29  miles,' and  receipts  per  ton  mile  of  Os 
1.24c?.  against  2.s.  10.33f/.  per  ton  for  an  average  haul  of  25  m.iles,  and  receipts  per  ton  mile  of 
Os.  1.36f/.  in  the  previous  year.  The  percentage  of  traffic  to  capacity  per  goods  train  amounted 
to  42.74  against  40.14  an  increase  of  2.60  or  6.48  per  cent  over  the  pre\ious  year. 

Sugar  Traffic— The  traffic  accruing  from  Sugar  Cane  and  its  products  this  >ear  am.ounted 
to  27.04  per  cent,  of  the  gross  receipts  against  30.87  per  cent,  last  year,  and  formed  45.73  per 
cent  of  the  total  goods  and  livestock  traffic  (excluding  Com.pany's  capit  1  account  materials) 
against  51.28  per  cent  last  year.  The  receipts  from  Sugar  Cane  and  its  products  amounted 
to  £565,191  against  £522,473  last  year  an  increase  of  £42,718,  or  8.18  per  cent.  In  the  year 
under  review  we  carried  988,064  tons  of  sugar,  or  33.43  per  cent,  of  the  total  production  of  the 
Island,  which  amounted  to  2,955,454  tons  up  to  August  26,  1916.  Last  year  we  carried 
889,248  tons  of  sugar,  or  35.81  per  cent,  of  the  toal  production  of  the  Island,  which  was  2,483,- 
484  tons  up  to  August  28,  1915.  The  estunated  amount  of  cane  required  to  produce  the 
sugar  carried  by  us  am.ounted  to  8,982,400  tons,  of  which  we  transported  over  our  line  4,811,737 
tons  or  53.57  per  cent,  against  4,489,635  or  50.49  per  cent  in  the  former  crop,  so  that  for 
every  ton  of  sugar  we  carried  4.87  tons  of  cane  against  5.049  last  year. 

The  average  receipts  per  ton  of  cane,  including  private  hauling,  were  5.75(/.  and  O.oQd 
per  ton  m.ile  against  6.43f/.  per  ton  and  0.61f/.  per  ton  mile  last  year.  The  average  haul  per 
ton  was  10.24  miles  against  10.51  last  year. 

Total  Tonnage.— The  total  number  of  tons,  Public,  Government,  and  Military  Traffic) 
includmg  live  stock,  was  8,174,771  tons  and  company's  m.aterials,  291,696  tons— total,  8,466,467 
tons  against  last  year  under  the  same  headings,  7,123,839  tons;  com.pany's  materials,  252,738 
tons — 7,376,577  tons  lieing  an  increase  of  1,089,890. 

EXPENDITURE 

The  total  expenditures  incurred  during  the  year  in  the  working  of  the  railways  alone 
amounted  to  £1,129,238  or  54.02  per  cent,  of  the  gross  receipts  com.pared  witn  £894,466,  or 
52.85  per  cent,  for  the  previous  year.  The  increase  in  tne  total  expenditure  is,  tnerefore, 
£234,772,  or  26.69  per  cent. 

Coal— The  cost  of  coal  per  locomotive  mile  on  the  main  line  has  been  5.96d.  against  5.23d. 
The  am.ount  of  coal  consum.ed  per  engine  m.ile  was  59.70  lbs.  against  57.57  lbs.  for  the  previous 
year.    Per  traffic  ton  m.ile  it  was  1 .  129  lbs.  against  1 .272  lbs.  last  year. 

Traffic  Expenses.— The  total  traffic  expenses  amounted  to  £268,488  against  £242,108,  or  an 
increase  of  £26,380  tons. 


COMPARATIVE  RESULTS  OF  WORKING,  Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 

Passenger  Traffic. 


June  30,  1915. 


June  30,  1916. 


Description 


Quantity  1   Amount    I  Quantity  j    Amount 
No.       1        £  No.       I        £ 


Passengers  Main  Line- 
First  Class 

Third  Class 

Employees  Tickets. .  . 

Total 

Passengers—  Elec.Servici 

Total  Passengers 

Passengers    GuanabacoE 
&  Ferry  Boat  Service 


184,278 

1,637,16  J 

33,9251 

1,856,163 
4,870,867 

6,727,030', 

1,026,227 


109,233'  237,8391 

284,792  2,359,801' 

3,460  36,631! 

397,491  2,634,271 

49,568  5,302,241 

447,059  7,936,512 

13,752  1,106,442, 


146,314 

365,403i 
3,942; 


515,659| 
53,74c, 


569,404 
14,317 


Increase. 

Decrease. 

Juantity  [  Amount 
No.           No. 

Quantity 
No. 

Amount 
£ 





53,561 

721,841 
2,700 

37,081 

80,611 

470 

778,108 
431,374 

118,168 
4,177 

1,209,482 

122.345 

80.215 

565 

Per  Cent. 

Quantityl  Amount 
No.  £ 


29.07       33.95 

44.07       28.31 

7.98       13.73 


41.92 
8.86 

17.98 

7.82 


29.73 
8.43 


27.37 
4.11 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


23 


Goods  and  Live  Slock  Traffic. 


June  30 

Quantity 
Tons 

2,804,959 

1,684,676 

889,248 

217,666 

10,517 

,  1915. 

Amount 
£ 

June  30 

Quantity  1 
Tons      j 

1916.       1 

Increase. 

Dean 

iase. 

Amount 
£ 

3,275 
1.719 

2,746 

367 
50 

115 
35 

'i69 
1,676 

4,621 

Per  C 

Quantity 
Tons 

7.90 
5.97 
11.11 
39.91 
39.23 

9.13 
22.32 
40.18 
85.41 
27.61 
30.53 
15.49 
28.69 
13.23 

78.31 

33.93 

14.28 

36.64 

2.48 

306.40 

27.73 

110.37 

43.45 

77.03 

8.73 

5.16 

95.48 

13.79 

;ent. 

-Amount 

£        1 

Quantity 
Tons 

Amount 
£ 

32,382 

14.016 

1.314 

42.718 

"27 
2,180 
3,251 

21.498 

13.031 
889 
7.288 
3.894 
1,967 
3,936 
690 
8,188 

93,649 
13,166 
9.915 

Quantity 
Tons 

7,274 
. . . . 
'89i 
377 

■    1,136 

17,883 

. ... 

8.762 
20,972 

Amount 
£ 

Sugar  Cane — Co'sHaulag ; 
Sugar  Cane  —Private 

88,567 

31,730 

379,818 

18,635 

3.723 

3,026,476 

1,785,261 

983,064 

334,539 

14,643 

85,292 

30,011 

412,200 

32,651 

5,037 

221,517 

100,585 

98,816 

86,873 

4.126 

3.70 
5.42 
8  53 

75.21 

35.29 

Total  Sugar  Cane  &  Prod  . 

5,607,066 

32,590 

112 

7,765 

-       31,410 

2,918 

5,282 

1,314 

7,422 

74,887 

3,348 

125,188 

201,446 

68,749 

30,475 

111,184 

4,456 

50,004 

9,602 

156,626 

169,764 

232,011 

152,063 

7,085,682 

24,022 
154,989 
73,727 

252,733 

7,338,420 

522,473 

15,517 

75 

2,842 

12,098 

1,131 

1,858 

415 

720 

25,374 

541 

13,762 

29,311 

9,593 

1.735 

4,794 

1,359 

4,342 

814 

132,818 

105,695 

80,716 

18,691 

6,118,983 

25,316 

157 

14,397 

40,082 

2,027 

6.100 

937 

8,404 

133,533 

2,212 

107,305 

275,247 

70,453 

123,849 

142,014 

9,374 

71,732 

16,998 
170,235 
161,002 
453,543 
131,091 

51,446 

565,191 

12,771 

102 

5,022 

15,349 

764 

1,808 

300 

685 

46,872 

372 

12,086 

42,342 

10.482 

9,023 

8,688 

3,326 

8,278 

1,504 

141,006 

101,074 

174,365 

31,857 

9,915 

511.917 

■  45 
6,632 
8,672 

"818 

"982 

58,646 

73,801 
1,704 

93,374 

30,830 
4,918 

21,728 
7,396 

13,669 

221,529 
51,446 

8.18 
17.70 

Coffee  (Native) 

36.00 
76.71 

Fruit  Fresh  (Native) 

26.87 
32.45 

2.69 

27,71 

Fodder     

4.86 

Wood,  Native  (Not  Fire- 

84.72 

31.24 

Firewood,  Common 

Coal                     

12.18 
44.46 

9.27 

420.06 

Stone           

81.23 

Tiles                   

144.74 

90.65 

Manure,  Common 

Merchandise  &  fist  Class.. 
Produce  of  the  1 2d  Class. 
Coun  ry      noi'j  3d  Class., 
specified  above] 4th  Class. 
I. 5th  Class. 

84  77 

6.16 

4.37 

116.02 

70.44 

.... 

Total  Public  Traffic 

986,674 
1,366 

1,366 
988,040 

8,136,494 

37,750 

178,793 

75,153 

231,696 

8,428,190 

1,233,182 
1.853 

1,853 
1,205,035 

1,050.812 

13.72g 

23,804 

1,426 

38.958 

1.089.770 

216.508 

14.83 

21.94 

Materials— Capital  Acc't. 

Coal  for  Co.'s  use 

Materials— Revenue  Acc't 

Total 

487 

487 

216,995 

849 

631 

'i62 

'2i8 

57.15 

15.36 

1.93 

15.41 

14.85 

.79 
6.43 

.31 

35.65 
35.65 

Total  of  all  Goods 

21.96 

Oxen,  Cattle.  Horses,  &.v,. 

35,638 
2,519 

30,855 
1,361 

32,216 

35,920 
2,357 

31,704 
1.143 

282 

2.75 
16.02 

Total  Live  Stock 

38,157 
7,376,577 

38,277 

32,847 

120 

1.96 

Total  Goods  &  T.ive  Stock. 

1,020.256 

8,466.467 

1.237,882 

1.089,893 

217,626 

14.78 

21.33 

COMPARATIVE  RESULTS  OF  WORKING,  Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 
Mileage  and  General  Results. 


Year  Ended 
Description  June  30,  1915 

Total  Gross  Receipts £1,692,362 

Working  Expenditure  £894,466 

Net  Receipts £797,896 

Percentage  of  Expnd.  to  Gross  Receipts...  52.85 

Average  miles  of  Line  open 681 

Average  No.  of  Stations  open Ill 

Receipts  per  mile  of  line £2,485 

Expenses  per  mile  of  line £1.313 

Net  receipts  per  mile  of  line  . .  £1.172 

Steam  train  miles 2,499.725 

Electric  train  miles 560.60.5 

Receipts  per  train  mile ,  lis.   Id. 

Expenses  per  train  mile,. ,  os.     lOd. 

Net  receipts  per  train  mile \  6s.        3d. 

Vehicle  miles  run  (Steam  Trains) |  25.476.127 

Vehicle  miles  run  (Electric  Trains) |  856,622 

Receipts  per  vehicle  mile '  Is 

Expenses  per  vehicle  mile [  Os 

Net  receipts  per  vehicle  mile Os 

Aver.  No.  of  passengers  per  day,  main  line . . 
Aver.  No.  of  passenger  per  train,  main  lirie  . .  .  i 
Aver.  No.  of  pass,  per  mile  of  line,  main  line .  .  I 


Year  Ended 
June  30,  1916 


3d. 

Sd. 

7d. 

5,085 

53.8 

2,726 


PerCl'nt. 


23 .  ,52 
26.25 
20.46 

2.21 


23.54 
26.28 
20.48 

8.36 
42.87 

7.52 
10.00 

4.76 
20.75 
18.08 

6.67 
12.50 

4i'.53 
24.35 

41.89 


24 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


COMPARATIVE  RESULTS  OF  WORKING,  Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 

C^n^inuei. 


Description. 


Average  receipts  per  passenger 

Average  miles  per  passenger 

Average  receipts  per  passenger  mile 

Average  receipts  per  passenger  train  mile.  .  . 

Tons  of  goods  and  live  stock  per  day. 

Tons  of  goods  and  live  stock  per  train..  .  .  .  . 

Tons  of  goods  and  live  stock  per  mile  of  line. 
Average  receipts  per  ton  of  goods  and  live  stk  . 
Average  miles  per  ton  of  goods  and  live  stk. 

Average  receipts  per  ton  mile 

Average  receipts  per  goods  train  mile 

Train  and  Engine  Mileage 

Total  engine  miles  run 

Total  engine  miles  run  per  engine  in  service. 
Total  engine  milesrunper  engine  of  total  stk. 

Total  steam  train  miles  run 

Totalsteam  train  milesrunper  engine  inserv. 
Total  steam  train  miles  run  per  engine  of  total 

stock 

Steam  train  miles  per  mile  of  line 

Average  vehicles  (of  4  axles)  per  train  (steam) 

Passengers 

Goods  and  live  stock 

Percentage  of  Traffic  to  Capacity. 

Passengers 

Goods  and  live  stock 

^^1  Coal  Consumption. 

Per  train  mile. 

Per  engine  mile 

Per  vehicle  mile 

Per  ton  mile  of  traffic 


Year  Ended 
Jime  30',  191.5 


0.5. 

1.5s. 


3.40a. 

35 

1.47d. 

7.05d. 

19.517 

135 

10,461 

10.3.3fi. 

25 

1.36rf. 

3.25d. 


3,949,057 
23,196 
17,590 

2,499,725 
14,683 

11,135 
3,671 


4.23 
14.84 

31.90 
40.14 

90.65 
.57.57 
8.888 
1.272 


lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 


Year  Ended 
June  30,  1916 


3s. 


Os. 
16s 


10.98rf. 

33 

1.44d. 

0.62d. 

22,335 

158 

12,004 

0.29<i. 

29 

1.24rf. 

4.54rf. 


Increase 


4,553,390 
24„547 
20,0.52 

2,708,648 
14,602 

11,928 
3,977 


4.69 
16.19 

36.83 
42.74 

100.04 
59.70 
8.801 
1.129 


lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 


Os. 


5.57(f. 

2,818 

23 

1,.543 

1.96d. 

4 

■   1.294. 

604,333 
1,351 
2,462l 

208,9231 


793 
306: 


0.46 
1.35 


lbs. 
lbs. 


4.93 
2.60 


9.39 
2.13 


Decrease    iPer  Cent 


Os 


4.42d. 

2 

.03d. 


Os.     .I2d\ 


81 


lbs 
lbs 


087; 
143 


8.60 

5.71 

2.04 

22.23 

14.44 

17.04 

14.75 

5.71 

16.00 

8.82 

7.25 

15.30 
5.82 

14.00 

8.36 

.55 

7.12 
8.34 

10.87 
9.10 

15.45 
6.48 

10.36 
3.70 

11.24 


ANNUAL  RETURN  OF  ROLLING  STOCK,  June  30,  1916 


Description 


Aa  at  June  30 


1915 


1916 


Increase 


Net  Increase 
Decrease     or  Decrease 


Enslnes 

Passenger  Engines 

Goods  Engines — ^Light 

Goods  Engines — Heavy 

Electric  Locomotives 

Shunting  Engines 

Total  Engines 

Passenger  Stock 

Rail  Motors 

Electric  Motors 

Parlor  Cars 

Sleeping  Coaches 

1st  Class  Coaches 

3d  Class  Coaches , 

Mixed  Coaches  (1st  and  3d) 

Total  Passenger  Coaches 

Baggage  and  Parcels  Stock 

Baggage  Vans 

Mixed  Animal  and  Baggage  Vans  .  .  . 

Total  Baggage  and  Parcels  Vans 

Goods  Stock 

Covered  Wagons 

Flat  and  Low-sided  Wagons 

Cattle  Wagons 

Tank  Wagons 

Horse  Wagons 

Brake  Vans 

Total  Goods  Stock 


49 
88 
66 

20 


43 

87 

72 

1 

18 


6(a) 
1  (o) 


223 


6(6) 
1(b) 


2(6) 


—6 
— 1 

+6 
+  1 
—2 


3 
24 

1 

3 
46 
85 

9 


3 
24 

1 

3 
46 
82 

9 


168 


3(6) 


—3 


37 


35 
6 


2(6) 


1.609 

1,698 

3,909 

4,156 

71 

71 

47 

47 

19 

19 

140 

150 

100  (a) 
695  (a) 


10(a) 


11(6) 

448  (e) 


5,795 


6,141 


805 


459 


+89 
+247 


+  10 


+346 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


25 


ANNUAL  RETURN  OF  ROLLING  STOCK,  June  30,  19m— Continued. 


Description. 


Service  Stock 

Deposits  Loco.  Repair  Shop — Cienaga . 

OflBeial  Coach 

Coal  Car  deposits  Regla 

Steam  Shovel 

Traveling  Cranes 

Breakdown  Wagons 

Permanent  Way  Wagons,  Dwelling,  &c. 

Tank  Wagons  for  Water — -2  Axles 

Tank  Wagons  for  Water — 4  Axles 

Open  Wagons  for  departmental  use.  . .  . 

Weighbridge  Testing  Wagon 

Gasoline  Cars 

Spare  Locomotive  Tenders 

Inspection  Coach 


Total  Service  Wagons. 


Ferry  Boats 

Water  Carts,  &c. 


As  of  June  30 
191.5 


12 
1 

4 
1 
7 
9 
152 
7 
4 
4 
1 
2 
2 
1 


207 


191  G 


12 
1 

8 
1 

7 
8 
152 
7 
4 
4 
1 
2 
2 
1 


210 


2 

12 


Increase 


4(a) 


1  (d) 
14(a) 


JNet  Increeae 
Decrease    or    Decreass 


2(b) 
14(b) 


+4 
— 1 


16 


+  3 


(a)  Acquired  by  purchase.  (b)  Retired  from  service.  „,      ™ 

(c)  447  retired  from  ssrvice  and  1  converted  into  Breakdown  Wagon         (d)  Converted  from  Flat  Wagon. 


No.  1. 


STATEMENTS  OF  ACCOUNTS,  June  30,  1916. 
Capital  Authorized  and  Issued,  as  at  June  30,  1918. 


Ordinary  Stock 

Ordinary  Shares 

Deferred  Ordinary  Stock 

5%  Cumultaive  Pref .  Stock  and  Shares 
5%  "A"  Irredeemable  Deb.  Stock.  . . 
5%  Consolidated  Irred.  Deb.  Stock.. . 

5%' Irredeemable  Debs.  Stock  (1906). 
4%  Redeemable  Debs,  and  Deb.  Stk. . 
4}4%  Redeemable  Debs  to  Bearer.  .  . 


Capital 
Authorized 


Capital   Issued 


£ 

6,859,970 

30 

600,000 

3, .500,000 

380,000 

1,425,900 

3,574,100 

1,323,100 
988,750 


0     0 


£  S. 

6,535.870     0 

30     0 

494,756  12 

2,786,429      0 

380,000 
1,425,900 

3,004,669 

1,281,4.55 
988,750 


Capital  liable 
to  be  issued 


£ 
24,131 


s.    d. 
0     0 


!£18,651,850     0     0:£16,897,859   18  9 


94,303  15  10 
7,227  10    0 


(3) 

119,100     0 

(4) 

5,898     0 

(5) 

7,216  11 

Balance 
(unissued) 


£ 
299,219 


10,939   11 
706,343  10 


427,957     0     0 
34,428     2     6 


£257,876  17     ll  £1,478.887     4     2 


(1)  Available  for  exchange  of  Shares  in  The  Western  Railway  of  Havana,  Ltd. ,  and  the  Cuban  Central  Railways, 
*   7'>)°AvaWble^for\xchang^  of  Havana  Central  Railroad  Common  Capital  Stock  still  outstanding. 

(3)  Available  for  the  redemption  of  £119,100  Bonds  of  the  old  Company  not  yet  converted  mto  Debenture 

*°*'(4)  Available  for  payment  of  Ordinary  Dividend  No.  21,  unclaimed  at  this  date. 

(5)  Available  for  exchange  of  Havana  Central  Railroad  5%  First  Mortgage  Gold  Bonds  still  outstanding. 


No.  2. 


CAPITAL  ACCOUNT  for  the  Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


Expenditure 

£         s. 
To  Capital  Expend,  as  per 
Account  to  June  30,1915.  10,597,662  17 
Add. 
Expenditure    during    year 
1915-16  as  per  Abstract  L       186,886  17 


CapitalExp.June  .30,1916  10,784,549  15     2 
Bal carried  to BalSht(5)    6,226,210    3    t 


£17,010.759  18  9 


Receipts 

Total  received  to 

June  30,  1915. 

£  s.  d. 

By  Capital 

Ordinary  Stock 6,53.5,120  0  0 

Ordinary  Shares 30  0  0 

Deferred  Ordinary  Stock. .  . .       494,756  12     6 

5%  Cumulative  Pref.  Stock.     2,786,429  0  0 

5%  "A"  Irred.  Deb.  Stock..        380.000  0  0 

5%Cons.  Irred.  Deb.  Stock.    1,425,900  0  0 

5%Irred.Deb.  Stk.  (1906).      2,988,193  0  0 
4%  Redeemable  Debentures 

and  Debenture  Stock 1,281,455  6  3 

4}^%  Redeemable  Deben- 
tures to  Bearer 988,750  0  0^ 

Total 16,880,633  18    9 

5%  Irredeemable  Debenture 
Stock(  1£06),  retained  to 
be  issued  on  surrender  for 
conversion  into  this  stock 
of  the  £112,900  Bonds  of 
the  old  Company  still 
outstanding 112,900    0    0 


Since  received. 
£  s.    d. 


Total. 
£         s.    d. 


750    0    0    6,535,870  0  0 

30  0  0 

494,756  12  6 

2,786,429  0  0 

380,000  0  0 

1,425,900  0  0 

16,476    0    0    3,004,669  0  0 


1,281,455     6    3 
988,750    0    0 


17,226    0    0   16,897,859  18     9 


112,900    0    0 


£16.993.533  18    9     £17,226    0  0  £17.010.759  18    9 


26 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


No.  3. 


REVENUE  ACCOUNT  for  the  Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


Expenditure 

1 

< 

A 
B 
C 
D 

E 
F 
G 
H 

I 
J 
K 

Amount 

Per  Cent,  of 
Gross  Receipts 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1914-15 

1915-16 

Maintenance  Expenses 

Permanent  Way  and  Works 

£        s. 

180,487     2 

76,451     9 

24,335  15 

44,612     9 

180,824   17 
7,738   16 

242,107   15 
34,595   12 
13,934     2 
58,678  17 
30,698  11 

d. 

8 
7 
8 
4 

0 
9 
1 

11 
4 
4 

£         s. 

242,175     1 

99,699     8 

34,662  14 

81,580  12 

221,940  14 
8,634  15 

268,488     1 
42,988  17 
27,096  10 
62,842     5 
39,128  15 

d. 
4 
8 
3 
5 

11 
7 
4 
5 
1 
9 
6 

10.66 
4.52 
1.44 
2.64 

10.68 

.46 

14.31 

2.04 

.82 

3.47 

1.81 

11.58 
4.77 

Coachina,  Stock 

1.66 
3.90 

Transport    Expenses 

I.oconuitive  Running 

Vehicle  Running   

10.62 

.41 

12.84 

2.06 

1.30 

3.01 

1.87 

894,465     9 

4,000     0 
803,600     9 

11 

0 

4 

1,129,237   17 

4,000     0 
971,173  11 

2 

0 
3 

52.85 

54.02 

Annual  I'aym.'nt  in    -espect  of  Lease  of  Marianao 

►-•      Railway  S\steni 

Balance  carried  to  Net  Revenue  Account  (No.  4) . 

£1,702,065   19 

3 

£2,104,411     8 

5 

Receipts 


Train  Earnings 

Pass:-iigers 

Private  Trains 

Parcels.  Luggage  and  Mails 

Sugar  Traffic 

General  Goods 

Live  Stock 

Special  Accounts 

Ferry  and  Guanabacoa  Service .  . 

Public  Telegrams 

Sundry  Receipts 

Total  Receipts — Railway 

Regla  Warehouses — Balance 

Gain  in  Exchange 

Transfer  and  other  Registration  Fees 


1914-15 

£  s. 

447,059  1 

1,313  2 

70,307  6 

522,473  6 

465,566  16 

32,215  15 


13,7.52     4     ] 

584   10     4 

139,089   16     2 


1,692,361  18  11 

7,528  5  1 

1,884  8  3 

291  7  0 


1915-16 

£          s.  d. 

569,403  n  6 

2,375   10  9 

107,816  18  11 

.565,191     0  4 

639,843  17  3 

32,846  10  5 

14,317     7  4 

5.37  12  10 

158,027  12  1 


2,090,360  1  5 

4,230  17  5 

9,435  0  1 

385  9  6 


£1.702,061   19     3    £2,104,411     8     5 


Per  Cent,  of 
Gross  Receipts 

1914-151    1915-16 


16.42 
.08 

4.15 
30.87 
27.51 

1.90 

.81 

.04 

8.22 

100.00 


27.24 
.11 

5.16 
27.04 
30.61 

1.57 


-03 
7.56 


100.00 


No.  4. 


NET    REVENUE    ACCOUNT,  as  at  June  30,  1916. 


To  interest  on  Deb.  Stocks  and  Bonds— 

On  5%  "A"  Irred.  Debenture  Stock 

On  5'''c  Consolidated  Irrea.  Deb.  Stock 

On  o';^r  Irred.  Deb.  Stock  (lllOtt)  and  uncor.- 
verted  1890  Bonds  of  the  Old  Company. 

On  4'~r  Redeemable  Debentures  and  Deben- 
ture Stock,  issued  and  liable  to  be  issued...  , 

O  1 4  H'^c  Rsde  mable  Debentures  to  Beare.'. 
Dividend  on  .5'^7  Cumulative  Preference  Stock. 

Excess  Profits  Duty,  1914-1.5 

Interim  Dividend  of  2  7  (No.  23)  on  Ordinary. 

Stock  paid  May   15,  1916. 

.\nnual  Payment  as  Composition   for  Stamp 

Duty  on  Preference  Stock,  Ordinary  Stock 

and  Deferred  Ordinary  Stock 

Other  Stamp  Duties 

Cuban  Taxes— Balance 

ncome  Tax 

Balance  carried  down 


n.OOO    0    0 
71,295    0    0 


156,168  14    6 


51, .546  17  6 

45,240    1  7 

139,321    9  0 

40,937  10  0 


131,200  12    4 


4,549  17  0 

284     2  3 

51,4G1     0  0 

2J,00U    0  0 

609,920    8  2 


£1,340,925  12    4 


By  Balance  f  rom  Revenue  Account,  as  per 

Statement  No.  3 ] 

By   Interest  and  Dividends  on  Investments,  i 
By  Coupons  due  and  accrued  on  Bonds  of 
Havana  C.n  ral  Railroad  Cjmpany.    . 


By  Balance  brought  down,  year  ended  June 
30,  1916 

By  Bal.  from  vear  ended 

June  30,  1015 £603.550  6  3 

Less — ■ 

Ordinary  Div.  No. 
22  (5'  o)  paid 
Nov.  12,  lil5.32S,001  11  0 

Carried  to  Re- 
serve Account.  150,000 

Carried  to  Gen. 

Ren.  Reserve..  100,000 

Carried  to  Insur- 

5,000 


971,173  11 

252,484    0 


0  0 
0    0 


ance  Account. . 
Carried  to  Pen- 
sion Account.  . 


0    0 
5,000    0    0 


588,001  11  0 


Carried  to  Balance  Sheet  (No.  5). 


87,268    0    9 
£1,340,925  12    4 


609.920    82 


15,.54S  15    3 


£625,469    3     5 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


27 


No.  5. 


BALANCE  SHEET,  as  at  June  30,  1916. 


£          s.  d. 

To  Capital  .Acct.  (as  per  Statement  N(i.  2).  .  ^  6,226,210     3  7 

To  Premiums  on  Capital  Ksued  in  |{eserve. . . .  36,i)07     1  6 

*To  Sundry  Creditors  and  ( 'ridit  lialaiiees....  729.180    0  1 

To  Sundry  DelienturcHoldens  for  Interest...  12.5..585     8  6 

To  Sundry  Ordinary  and  Prcf.  Stocl<holders.  'f-< 

for  Dividends." 74,298  17  3 

To  Reserve  Account 700,(100     0  0 

To  General  Renewals  Reserve 222,1.^7  1 5  4 

To  Insurance  Account 30,000     0  0 

To  Pension  Account 34.7(;2    2  8 

To  Loan  against  Security 214,461  19  0 

To  Net   Revenue   Account  Balance  (a.s  per 

Statement  No.  4) 62,5,469    3  5 


*There  is  a  contingent  liability  in  respect 
of  the  guarantee  of  .£(100, 00(1  Five  per  cent. 
10  year  bond.s  of  the  American  Cuban 
Estates  Corporation. 


£9,019,068  11  10 


£  8.    d. 

By  First  Mortgage  y{  i50-year  gold  bonds 
and  Common  Capital  Stock  of  tlic  Havana 
Central  Railroad  ( 'ompaiiy  aciiuircd  by  an 
issue  of  tliisCompaiiy's  4' ,  Dehciilurcs  and 
Deferred  Ordinary  Stock,  at  par.  Held  by 
Trustees  for  4';  Debentures  as  Security).  .      1,776.211   18     9 

By  Discount  on  issue  of  Debentures 4,P43  15    0 

By  Commissions  on  Sales  of  Debentures  and 
Stock 149,100    II    0 

By  Expenses  of  the  Western  Railway  of  Hav- 
ana, Ltd.,  Exchange  Operation,  in  accord- 
ance with  terms  of  Plan  sul  mitted  to  Ex- 
traordinary General  Meeting  held  Nov.  22, 
1911 21,.3.S4    7 

By  P>xpenses  of  Havana  Central  Exchange  Op- 
eration in  accordance  with  terms  of  Plan 
submitted  to  Extraordinary  General  Meet- 
ings held  July  11  and  26,  1907 24,9.59     7  II 

By  Expenses  of  Cuban  Central  Railways,  Ltd., 
Exchange  Operations,  in  accordance  with 
terms  of  Plan  submitted  to  Extraordinary 
GeneralMectingheldDec.  9, 1913 ._         49,730    8    3 

By  Investments  at  Cost,  including  £296,785 
88.  id  Deferred  Ordinary  Stock  of  this  Com- 
pany held  bv  the  Trustees  for  the  o'l  Irred. 
Debenture  Stock  (1906) 5,4S3,591  11    8 

By  Stock  of  Stores  and  Materials  in  hand  and 

"in  transit 207,473  12    5 

Bv  Sundry  Debtors  and  Debit  Balances 380,983  17    0 

By  Moneys  on  Deposit  with  Bank '■l'^!;'^'^'!    "     ^ 

By  Cash  in  Havana  and  London 377,425     111 

By  Moneys  on  Loan 113,264  U     3 

£9,019,068  11  10 


B. 


COMPARATIVE  ABSTRACTS  OF  EXPENDITURE  ACCOUNTS. 

Locomotive  Maintenance. 


Superintenelence 

Salaries 

General  Expenses 

Wages 

Materials 

Workshop  Exp.  (Proportion  of) . 
Contributions  for  Special  Works 

Total , 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915. 


£   «.  d. 

5,337  12  2 

498  10  1 


5,836  2  3 

35,743  2  11 

15,775  19  2 

10,613  16  10 

8,482     8  5 

£76,451     9  7 


% 


.35 
2.11 
.93 
.63 
.50 

4.52 


Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


£       s 

5,614 

495 


d 
2  1 
1   11 


£       s 

I 

d. 

% 

I 

6,109 
40,757 
27,073 
11,277 

8,482 

4 

2 

3 

10 

8 

0 
2 
6 

7 
.5 

.29 

2.24 

1.29 

.54 

.41 

£99,699 

8 

8 

4.77 

C. 


Coaching  Stock  Maintenance. 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915. 

Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 

Superintendence 

£       s.       d.          £       s.       d. 
1,711     1   11 
159  16     2 

-_        1,870  18     1 

11,454  17     3 

6,095     7     0 

195  11     1 

4,719     2     3 

% 

.11 
.68 
.36 
.01 
.28 

£       s.       d.         £       s.         rf.j 
1,760     0     3                               i 
155     4     3 

1  915     1     6 

% 

Wages 

14,657     6     6 

13,192     3     2 

178  17  lOJ 

4,719     2     3 

.70 
.63 

Workshops  Exp.  (Proportion  of). 
Contributions  for  Special  Works. 

.01 
.23 

Total 

£24,335  15     8 

1.44 

£34,662  14     3i 

1.66 

28 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


COMPARATIVE  ABSTRACTS  OF  EXPENDITURE  ACCOUNTS. 

Permanent  Way  and  Works  Maintenance. 


Superintendence 

Salaries 

General  Expenses 

Permanent  Way 

Wages 

Materials 

General  expenses 

Telegraph 

Wages 

Materials 

Bridges  and  Culverts 

Wages 

Materials 

Stations  and  Annexes,  including 
Yards,  Sidings  and  Tramways 

Wages 

Materials 

Workshops,       Running     Sheds 
Turntable,     Water     Stations, 
Wells  and  Stores  Warehouses- 
Wages  ■  .  ..  

Materials 

Official  and  Permanent  Way 
Houses  and  Buildings  outside 
the     ordinary    service- — 

Wages •  . 

Materials 

Fences,  Gates,  Level  Crossing; 
and  Roadways 

Wages 

Materials 

Tools  and  Equipment 

Wages 

Materials 

Contributions  for  Special  Work 
Electric  Transmission 

Total 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915. 


£   s.  d. 

12,165  16  3 

1,640  16  11 


2,769 
2,245 

0 
16 

5 
5 

6,919 
5,115 

18 
10 

11 
5 

10,1.53 
5,620 

5 
2 

8 
8 

475  0  9 
499  IS  9 


350 
329 

5 
19 

3 
3 

557 
186 

16 
13 

3 

4 

176 
2,322 

6 
11 

2 
10 

13,806  13  2 

50,651  9  3 
42,923  0  8 
584  8  6 


5,014  16  10 


12,035  9  4 


15,753  8  4 


974  19  6 


680  4  6 


—     744  9  7 


2,498  18  0 

33,763  6  8 

1,055  18  4 


£180,487  2  8 


% 


.82 

2.99 

2..5'4 

.03 


.30 


.71 


.93 


.06 


.04 


.15 

1.99 

.06 


10.66 


Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


£   s.  d. 

12,619  18  6 

1,805  7  1 


2,676  16  6 
2,141  0  1 


5,817 
3,862 

6 
5 

6 
1 

13,794 
8,758 

1 
7 

4 

1 

722  5  5 
625  12  7 


938  11  0 
761  0  3 


517 
301 

14 
12 

6 
5 

232 
2,957 

0 
10 

3 
10 

14,425  5  7 


74.100  10 

73,722  6 

933  14 


4,817  16  7 


9,679  11  7 


22,552  8  5 


1,347  IS  0 


I  1,699  11  3 


819  6  11 


3,189  11 
33,763  6 
1,123  13  11 


£242,175     1     4 


% 


.69 

3.55 

3.53 

.04 


.23 


.46 


1.08 


.06 


.08 


.04 


.15 

1.62 

.05 


E. 


Locomotive  Running  Expenses. 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915. 


Superintendence 

Salaries 

General  Expenses 

Salaries  and  Wages 

Drivers  and  Firemen 

Running  Shed  Staff 

Coal 

Water 

Rates 

Pumping 

Salaries  and  Wages 

Coal 

General  Materials 

Maintenance  of  Pumps,  &c. 

Wages 

Materials . . 

Contributions  for  Spec.  Wks 

Lubricants 

Oil 

Grease 

Materials  of  Gen.  Consumption. . 
Tools  and  Equip.  Maintenance .  , 

Total 


£       s.       d. 

3,613     5     5 

511     7     2 


52.72S  12     0 
12,132     3  10 


1,604  1  5 

2,622  4  10 

2,099  IS  5 

322  9  6 

1,53S  8  2 

1,422  2  3 

337  1  9 


1,086  15     1 
1,717   16     0 


4,124   12     7 


64,860  15  10 
90,951   19     3 


9,946     6     4 


2,804  11     1 

7,257  12     2 

878  19 


£180.824   17     0 


% 


3.83 
5.37 


.59 


10.68 


Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


£        s.        d. 

4,126  11     5 

688  12     8 


62,501  12  10 
13,005  6  7 


1,949  19  4 

2,911  19  2 

2,669  18  8 

340  11  6 

1,923  13  9 

1,621  1  0 

337  1  9 


1,353  11  9 
1,977  6  0 


4,815  4  1 


75, .506  19  5 
119,376  1  11 


11,754  5  2 


3,330  17 

6,339  9 

817  17 


3.61 
5.71 


.56 


.16 
.31 
.04 


£221,940  14  111  10.62 


THE     CUBA     RE  VI  E  W 


D. 


COMPARATIVE  ABSTRACTS  OF  EXPENDITURE  ACCOUNTS. 

Goods  Stock  Maintenance. 


Superintendence 

Salaries 

General  Expenses 

Wages 

Materials 

Workshops  Exp.  (Proportion  of) 
Contributions  for  Special  Works 


Year  ended  June  30,  101.' 


£       s.       d. 

2,634   18     3 

246     1     9 


2,881  0 

17,647  9 

15,6.57  19 

1,121  6 


7,304  14   10 


£44,612     9     4 


.17 
1.04 
.93 
.07 
.43 


2.64 


£        .<!.        d. 

2,936     9     0 

258  19     2 


3,195 
24,446 
45,412 

1.222 


8  2 
2  4 
0  2 
6  11 


7.304  14   10 
£81,.580  12     5 


29 


Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


% 


.15 

1.17 

2.17 

.06 

.35 

3.90 


Vehicle  Running  Expenses. 


Superintendence 

Salaries 

General  Expenses 

Wages  of  Revisers  and  Greasers 
Lubricants- — • 

Oil ... 

Materials  of  Gen.  Consumption. . 
Tools  and  Equip  Maintenance. . . 

Total 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915. 


E       s.       d. 

332     4     2 

47     0     4 


379     4  6 

5,963  16  7 

979     3  9 

370     5  4 

46     6  7 


£7,738  16    9 


% 


.02 
.35 


.07 
.02 


Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


£      s.      d. 

346  13     7 

57   17     0 


404  10  7 

6,345  10     2 

1,269  12     2' 

568     0     11 

47     2     7 


£8,634  15     ?!      0.41 

1 


% 


.02 
.30 


.06 
-03 


G. 


Traffic  Expenses. 


Superintendence 

Salaries 

General  Expenses 

Stations 

Salaries  and  Wages 

Materials 

Books,  Forms,  Stationery.  . 
Light'g  Stations  and  Signals 
Food,  Shoeing  and  Veter.. .. 
Of  General  Consumption . .  . 

Elec.  Lt..  Gas — Private  Co. 's. 
Company's  Elee.  Lt.  Plant 

Maintenance 

Working 

Liniforms 

Furniture      and      Equipment 

Maintenance 

Depreciation        and        Renewal 

Live  Stock 

General  Expenses 

Trains 

Wages,  Guards  and  Brakemen 
Lighting  Coaches  Materials..  . 

Cleaning  Coaches 

Wages 

Materials 

Tools  and  Equip.  Maintenance 
Materials  of  Gen.  Consump. .. 

Level  Crossing  Watchmen. . .  . 
Adv.  Timetables,  Tickets,  «Si;c. 
Traffic  Compensation  Paym'ts 

Terminal  Expenses 

Total 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915. 


£  s.  d. 

19,163  2  11 

3,825  12  11 


4,545  12  4 

5,138  1  9 

1,672  16  4 

1,516  5  11 


215  1  2 
1,077  17  11 


2,613  12  11 
910  11  2 


67,686  12  o\ 


12,872  16 
3,824  9 


1,292  19  1 
39  5  9 

1,040  10  10 

258  6  4 
1,778  12  4 


31,808  18  11 
565  8  4 


3,524  4  1 
1,126  18  2 
2,278  4  11 


22,988  15  10,   1.36; 


4.00 


.76 
.23 


.08 


.06 


.03 


1,518  12  1  .09 

1,.543  14  10  .09 

741  12  2I  .04 

87,217  13  7j  5.15 


£242,107  15  1   14.31 


Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


£     s.  d. 

22,476  7  9 

4,225  1  11 


4,714  19  5 

4,675  7  8 

1,893  17  4 

1,629  11  5 


275  16  9 
1,184  1  7 


2,695  10  5 
995  14  6 


26,701  9  8   1.28 


78,229  1  10   3.74 


12,913  15  10 
4,115  19  0 


1,459  18  41 
37  4  lOi 


231  17  11 
2,192  19  2 


3,691  4  11 

2,076  15  9 

1,750  10  0 

1,824  0  4 

2.298  4  9 

2,828  0  10 

88,096  3  0 


£268,488  1  4 


.62 
.20 


.07 


1,019  18  10    .05 


.01 
.10 


38,476  4  10   1.84 
544  11  6;   .03 


.18 
.10 
.08 

.09 

.11 

.13 

4.21 


12.84 


30 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


H. 


COMPARATIVE  ABSTRACTS  OF  EXPENDITURE  ACCOUNTS. 

Electric  Train  Working. 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915 

Year  ended  June  30,  1916 

£  s.  d; 
10,625  12  9 
32,058     4   11 

304  19     9 

£42,988  17     5 

£    s.     d. 

8,978  18     0 

25,376     3     7 

240  10     8 

£34,595  12     3 

% 

.55 

1.50 

.01 

2.04 

% 
.51 

Cost  of  Elec.  Energy  Pur 

General  Expenses 

Total 

1.53 
.02 

2.06 

Ferry  Boats. 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915. 


Maintenance — 

Slips  and  Landing  Stages... . 

Wages..  . 

Materials 

Ferry  Boats — 

Wages 

^Materials 

Running  Expenses .  . 

Wages — 

Engineers  and  Firemen 

Masters  and  Seamen 

Slipmen 

Coal 

General  Materials 

Toals  &  Equip.  Maintenance 

Depreciation 

Total 


£     s.     d. 


% 


200  17     7 
375     0     0 


Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


% 


1,276  13     1 
1,391     4     8 


2,667   17     9 


2,885     6     7 

2,997  15     4 

710     3     4 


2,524     0  10 

1,343  19     4 

229     2     2 


6,593     5     3 

4,097     2     4 
£13,934  2     11 


123  15     9 
162     2     0 


1,481     5     2 
1,366     8     6 


2,901   10     0 

3,009  14   10 

708  14     2 


285   17     9 


2,847  13     s 


2,832  18     6 

1,384  18     5 

221     4   10 

6,619   19     0 


4,439     1       9 
12,903  17   11 


.21 
.62 


£27,096  10     1        1.30 


J. 


COMPARATIVE  ABSTRACTS  OF  EXPENDITURE  ACCOUNTS. 
General  Charges. 


' 

Year  ende 

£     s.     d. 

3,500     0     0 

1,942  10     0 

708     8     2 

3,580  11     8 
2,158  10     2 

d  June  30,  1915 
£     8.     d. 

11,890     0     0 

36,307     1   11 

1,800     6     3 

2,276  19     2 

380     0     6 

3,103  18     1 

1,556  13     6 

867     0     2 

496  17     9 

■ 

% 

i 
.70 

2.15 
.11 
.14 
.02 
.18 
.09 
.05 
.03 

Year  ended  June  30,  1916 

£    s.     d.             £     s.     d. 
3,500     0     0 
1,9,42  10     0 

551     0     1 

4,018  16     7 
2,627   13     4 

12,640     0     0 

36.006  16     7 
3,465     6     9 

39,472     3     4 

1,819   13   11 

2,053     6     8 

425     4  10 

3,22^   17  10 

1,512  15     5 

980  IS     0 

716     5     9 

£62,842     5     9 

London 

% 

Trustees'  Fees 

Legal  Exp.  and  Aud.  Fees.  . 

Salaries  of  Sec.  and  Clerks, 
Rent  of  Office  and  Office 
Expenses 

General  Expenses 

61 

Cuba  Administration — 

32,848     4 
3,458  17 

4 

7 

General  Expenses 

1.89 
.09 

.10 

.02 

Insurance , 

Ground  Rents 

Inspection  of  the  Line 

Medical  Expenses 

.15 
.07 
.05 
.03 

Total 

£58,678  17     4 

3.47 

3.01 

THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


31 


K. 


Miscellaneous  Expenses. 


Batabano  Wharf 

Dredging  at  Bat  aban6 

Mileage  and  Demurrage 

Rents 

Accident;;,  Losses,  Damages 

Omnibuses  and  Carts.  .  . , 

Rolling  Stock  Hire 

Miscellaneous     Expenses     paid 

through  London  Office 

Incidental  Kxpenses 

Running  Powers 

Total 


Year  ended  June  30,  1915. 


£  s. 

d. 

% 

1,553  9 

10 

.09 

1,508  17 

0 

.09 

1,130  15 

10 

.07 

1,255  2 

10 

.07 

7,103  0 

9 

.42 

112  7 

o 

.01 

4,798  1 

9 

.28 

2,920  0 

0 

.17 

5,937  15 

3 

.35 

4,379  0 

8 

.26 
1.81 

£30,698  11 

4 

Year  ended  June  30,  1916. 


£ 

9. 

d. 

% 

1,539 

3 

o 

.07 

1,329 

8 

o 

.06 

1.809 

18 

6 

.09 

1,255 

2 

11 

.06 

7,349 

9 

8 

.35 

112 

7 

n 

8,500 

4 

1 

.41 

5,560 

0 

0 

.27 

7,294 

7 

4 

.35 

4,379 

0 

8 

.21 

£39.128 

15 

5 

1.87 

— 

— 

— 



CAPITAL  EXPENDITURE- YEAR  1915-1916. 


Completed  Works 

£        s.    d. 

Rolling  Stock 219,470  19   4 

Perman  entWay. .  .  .  ^ , 3,044   1511 

New  Plant  and  Equipment ^ „ 2,890     6     6 

Land  Purchases 11,025  10     2 

Stations,  Buildings,  etc 2,236     Oil 

Sundries .  ,_ I34     9     0 

,     .                                  ,  2.39,408     1   10 

.4'W — Works  m  Progress,  as  at  June  30,  1916 188,864   15     3 

428,272  17     1 
Less — -Works  in  Progress,  as  at  June  30,  1915 ■ 216,123  10     6 

212,149     6     7 
Less — Withdrawals  from  Service  and  other  Capital  Credits 25.262     8   11 


£186.886  17  8 


SUGAR  PLANTERS  CORPORATION 

A  new  financing  corporation  organized 
to  operate  in  Cuba,  has  recently  made  public 
its  plans.  The  company  is  to  be  known  as 
the  Sugar  Planters'  Corporation,  and  offices 
have  been  opened  by  the  organization  at  27 
William  Street,  Xew  York.  The  directorate 
of  the  new  organization  is  as  follows: 

Manuel  Ajuria,  Senator  of  Havana,  C\iba; 
De  ^^'itt  Baile}^  Vice-president  and  counsel 
of  the  compan}',  Sir  illiam  Beardmore, 
Bart.,  of  Glasgow,  Scotland;  Thomas  Coch- 
ran, of  J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co.,  Xew  York;  Dr. 
Orestes  Ferrara,  President  of  the  Cuban 
House  of  Congress,  Havana,  Cuba;  John  S. 
Fiske,  president  of  the  company;  Frederick 
E.  Gunnison,  Vice-president  ol  the  Lawyers' 
Title  &  Trust  Companj';  August  Heckscher, 
capitalist;  T.  A..  Howell,  of  B.  H.  Howell,  Son 
&  Co.,  Xew  York;  Minor  C.  Keith,  Vice- 
president  of  the  United  Fruit  Company,  Xew 
York,  and  C.  J.  Schmidlapp,  Vice-president 
of  the  Chase  National  Bank. 


This  organization  is  capitalized  at  •'?7.50,000 
of  7  per  cert  cumulative  preferred  stock  and 
7,500  shares  of  common  stock  having  no  par 
value.  This  stock  will  not  be  offered  for 
sale  publicly,  and  it  is  understood  in  sugar 
circles  that  the  stock  has  already  been 
heaviu'  oversubscribed . 

The  compam-  will  not,  according  to  the 
announcements  circulated  engage  in  sugar 
manufacturing,  but  will  confine  its  activities 
to  advancing  loans  to  Cuban  sugar  planters 
and  assist  them  in  marketing  their  crops. 
The  prospectus  of  the  corporation  states: 

"It  is  with  the  idea  ot  assisting  smaller 
planters  over  periods  of  financial  stress  and 
of  lending  them  expert  help  in  marketing 
their  crops  that  the  Sugar  Planters'  Corpora- 
tion has  been  organized." 


HAWAIIAN  SUGAR  CROP 

The  estimate  of  the  Hawaiian  Sugar  Plant- 
ers Association  for  the  1917  sugar  crop  totals 
633,920  tons. 


32 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN    COMMERCIAL   MATTERS 


The  new  home  of  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  at  Antilla  was  finished  and  ready  for  occupancy 
in  December  last,  and  is  now  used  as  the  branch  headquarters  of  the  bank  at  Antilla.  The 
building  is  sm.all  but  attractive  and  enjoys  an  excellent  central  location  on  the  hill  site  over- 
looking the  bay  of  Nipe.  The  construction  work  was  handled  by  tne  firm  of  Purdy  &  Hender- 
son, Havana,  who  designed  the  building  at  a  cost  of  $50,000,  in  accordance  with  tne  standard 
type  of  architecture  adopted  by  this  company.  The  com.pany  is  now  having  constructed  adja- 
cent to  the  new  bank  building  an  attractive  hom.e  for  the  resident  manager. 


CUBAN  TIRE  &  RUBBER  COMPANY 

The  Cuba  Automobile  Tire  &  Rubber  Com- 
pany with  offices  at  116  Aguira,  Havana,  was 
recently  organized  under  the  Cuban  laws  with 
a  paid  capital  stock  to  the  amount  of  .$1,250,- 
000.  This  new  company  will  be  composed  en- 
tirely of  Cuban  stockholders  with  Capt.  C.  W. 
Talbott,  an  American  and  former  head  of  the 
Cuban  Telephone  Company,  as  it3  President 
and  the  following  executive  officers  and 
board  of  directors:  Mr.  Carlos  I.  Parraga, 
Vice-Pres.,Mr.  Jose  E.  More,  Sec'y.  and  Treas., 
and  Mr.  Thomas  C.  Gould,  Gen.  Manager. 
The  board  of  directors  is  composed  of  Dr. 
Orestes  Ferrara,  Messrs.  Marimon  and 
Godoy,  Sr.  Villo.ldo  and  Dr.  Divino. 

The  factory  for  the  manufacture  of  all 
grades  and  styles  of  rubber  goods  will  be 
located  at  Puentes  Grandes,  near  Havana,  and 
the  building  construction  is  nearing  com- 
pletion and  should  be  ready  for  operation  not 
later  than  May  1.  This  end  of  the  business 
will  be  in  charge  of  a  Mr.  Gould,  an  expert  in 
the  manufacture  of  ruliber  goods  and  at  pres- 
ent located  in  Havana. 


The  new  company  will  manufacture  all 
kinds  of  rubber  goods,  specializing  in  automo- 
bile tires  and  tubes  tor  the  local  Cuba  markets. 
It  is  the  intention  to  import  the  necessary  raw 
material  from  the  United  States  at  the  outset 
and  until  arrangements  are  perfcted  ior  draw- 
ing from  the  Central  and  South  American 
sources  of  supply. 


CIENFUEGOS,  PALMIRA  &  CRUCES  BELT  LINE 
RAILWAY 

Plans  are  under  way  for  the  construction  of 
a  belt  line  railway  in  the  city  of  Cienfuegos 
and  for  a  distance  of  five  miles  to  Coano.  It 
is  also  understood  that  it  is  the  intention  of 
the  operating  company  to  eventually  extend 
this  belt  line  to  Paimira  and  thence  to  Cruces, 
both  points  on  the  main  line  of  the  Cuban 
Central  Railways  between  Cienfuegos  and 
Esperanza  and  a  distance  of  approximately 
fifteen  and  thirty  miles.  Mr.  Roy  O.  Miles, 
with  offices  in  the  city  of  Cienfuegos,  is  the 
chief  engineer  in  charge  of  the  construction 
work. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


33 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


CUBAN    MARKET    FOR  ELECTRICAL  GOODS 

Cuba  imports  about  half  a  million  doilars 
worth  of  electrical  supplies  a  year,  of  which 
80  per  cent  comes  from  the  United  States.  A 
report  on  this  market  ju?t  issued  by  the 
Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce, 
of  the  Department  of  Commerce,  states  that 
there  has  never  been  any  serious  competition 
in  any  electrical  line  except  lamps.  Before 
the  war  the  Germans  actually  sold  mere 
.'amps  in  Cuba  than  American  mamifacturers 
did. 

In  summing  up  the  future  of  the  market, 
special  Agent  Philip  S.  Smith,  author  of  the 
report,  states  Ihat  the  field  for  motors  and 
other  small  devices,  such  as  portable  tools,  is 
limited  primarily  to  the  sugar  mills  or  to 
c'ties  where  a  day  circuit  is  available.  A.s  the 
mines  develop,  houever,  the  demand  for 
power  will  grow  and  this  may  eventually  be- 
come an  important  market  for  the  larger 
motors.  There  is  a  surprising  number  of 
small  shops,  any  one  of  which  is  a  prospective 
user  of  electric  motors,  and  though  the  in- 
dividual shops  are  small,  the  aggregate  power 
is  considerable. 

In  discussing  the  small  market  for  electrical 
cooking  utensils,  the  report  explains  that  one 
reason  for  the  small  demand  for  chafing  dishes 
and  similar  devices  is  the  mode  of  life  of  people 
who  keep  servants,  and  this  comprises  all 
people  who  may  be  regarded  as  in  comfortable 
circumstances.  The  cook  is  given  a  certain 
amount  of  money  with  which  to  purchase 
food  for  the  family  each  day,  and  out  of  this 
she  pays  for  fuel,  ice,  etc.  If  electric  de- 
vices are  used,  the  master  of  the  house  pays 
for  the  current  and  the  allowance  to  the 
cook  is  decreased,  which  means  that  she  loses 
the  advantage  of  bargaining  with  the  char- 
coal dealer.  Against  this  she  protests  vigor- 
ously, as  she  counts  on  pocketing  what  is  left 
at  the  end  of  the  day.  If  the  allowance  is  not 
decreased,  fuel  is  likely  to  be  paid  for  twice. 

The  report,  which  is  entitled  "Electi'ical 
Goods  in  Cuba,"  Special  Agents  Series  No. 
128,  goes  carefully  into  every  feature  of  the 
trade  in  electrical  goods  in  Cuba,  and  is  de- 
signed to  be  of  practical  assistance  to  Ameri- 
can exporters.  There  are  chapters  on  central 
stations,  lighting,  heating  devices,  power  for 
sugar  mills,  future  field  for  electricity,  customs 
classification  of  electrical  goods,  packing,  ad- 


vertising, etc.  Tiiorc  are  38  pages  and  the 
nominal  selling  price  is  5  cents.  C'opies  may 
be  jjiu'chascd  from  the  Superintendent  of 
Documents,  Washington,  or  from  the  near- 
est district  office  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Commerce. 


HEYDRICH  &  MULLER 

Mr.  Fernando  Heydrich  and  Mr.  Victor 
Mliller,  have  formed  a  partnership,  succeeding 
the  firm  of  Victor  Mtiller  S.  eo  C.  and  wiU 
operate  under  the  name  of  Heydrich  &  Mtiller 
with  its  home  office  in  the  Calle  Habdna,  No. 
110  Habana,  Cuba,  and  its  New  York  Office 
at  13  Park  Row,  New  York  City. 


HAVANA 


The  Armour  Packing  Company  of  Chicago 
have  contracted  for  the  erection  of  a  half  mil- 
lion dollar  refrigerating  and  storage  ware- 
house at  Havana,  to  occujjy  the  block  be- 
tween Dos  Emparadios  and  Velaza  streets 
near  the  waterfront.  This  building  will  be  of 
steel  construction  throughout  its  five  stories 
and  provision  will  be  made  for  the  most  im- 
proved cold  storage  plant  facilities.  The  work 
of  design  and  construction  will  be  handled  by 
the  well  known  Havana  firm  of  Purdy  &  Hen- 
derson. 

LA  GLORIA 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Departments 

Citrus  Fruit  Department. — ^P"or  production, 
markets,  packinghouses,  managers,  buyers, 
sales,  etc. 

Roads  and  Transportation  Department. — 
Good  roads  and  water  transportation,  ship- 
ping facilities. 

Bureau  of  Information  Department. — 'Em- 
braces statistics  and  data  on  land,  groves, 
fruit,  routes,  traveling  information  for  tour- 
ists, home  seekers  and  investors.  Bulletins, 
publications  and  market  quotations.  History 
of  Cuba,  land,  soil  and  production. 

Cultural  Department. — Spraying  fertiliza- 
tion, diseases,  remedies,  nurserj"  stock,  plant- 
ing of  trees  and  care  of  groves. 

Citrus  Supply  Department. — For  boxes, 
straps,  paper,  etc.  in  car  load  lots  at  special 
prices.  Saw  mill,  building  material,  and 
lumber  yards. 

Toicn  Improvemems  arid  Health  Department. 
— Physician,  hospital,  health,  streets,  homes. 


34 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


EXPORT  TRADE 

To  give  more  i)rompt  and  efficient  service 
to  their  increasiag  foreign  clieutele,  tfie  fol- 
lowing Works  have  placed  the  management  of 
their  Export  Department  in  the  hands  of  Mr. 
James  M.  Motley,  71  Beaver  Street,  New 
York. 

Dmican  Stewart  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

Pe:ansylvania  Boiler  Works, 

Weir  Frog  Co., 

The  John  H.  McGowan  Co., 

The  Rahn-Larmon  Co., 

Cleveland  Pimch  and  Shear  Works  Co., 

Standard  Water  Systems  Co., 

Standard  Saw  Mill  Machinery  Co. 

The  products  of  these  works  comprise 
su-gar  mills,  boilers,  tanks,  engines,  pumps, 
condensers,  evaporators,  effects,  rails,  switches, 
locomotives,  cars — in  fact,  every  class  of 
equipment  for  the  use  of  plantations,  railroads, 
mines  antl  other  industrial  enterprises.  No 
doul)t  the  foreign  business  of  these  firms  will 
be  largely  extended  under  Mr.  Motley's  man- 
agement, whose  extensive  experience  in  the 
export  field  and  familiarity  with  the  require- 
ments of  different  industries  admirably  fits 
him  for  increasing  the  number  of  satisfied 
clients  of  these  firms. 


CUBA'S    SUPPLY    OF    LIGNUM-VITAE. 

[Consul  Henry  M.  Wolcott,  Habana.] 

Exporters  of  Cuban  hardwoods,  who  from 
long  experience  are  well  qualified  to  express 
an  opinion,  state  that  probably  not  more  than 
4,000  tons  of  lignum-vitae  exist  at  accessible 
places  in  the  island.  It  is  doubtful  if  even  one- 
third  of  this  amount  could  be  cut  and  ex- 
ported at  a  cost  which  would  leave  any  profit 
even  at  the  present  high  prices.  Wood  of  this 
variety  has  not  been  exported  from  any  dis- 
trict of  Cuba  other  than  the  Oriente  Province 
for  a  long  period.  The  small  supply  that  has 
been  available  was  in  good  demand  locally. 

An  American  at  Cristo,  Oriente,  Cuba,  who 
has  been  an  exporter  of  native  hardwoods,  is 
believed  to  have  accurate  information  regard- 
ing the  supply.    He  states  : 

Contrary  to  the  general  lieiief,  the  availaljle 
supply  of  lignum  in  Oriente  is  very  limited 
and  will  soon  beconae  practica.ly  exhausted  on 
account  of  the  fact  that  it  takes  many  years 
to  grow,  and  while  many  have  been  busy  cut- 
ting for  export,  no  provision  whatever  has 
been  made  to  plant  or  even  cut  scientifically. 
Wood  measuring  less  than  6  inches  in  diameter 


has  no  export  value  and  land-owners,  when 
clearing  land  for  cane  planting  or  to  make  pas- 
ture, destory  all  the  sma'l  trees  as  value.ess. 
Lignum-vitae  contains  a  large  percentage  of 
rosir,  so  that  the  tree  will  often  take  fire  andbe- 
destroyed  before  it  reaches  a  mature  size.  In 
the  Jiguania  and  Bayamo  districts,  along  the 
Canto  River,  one  may  see  thousands  of  stumps 
of  lignum,  all  that  remains  of  trees  destroyed 
in  that  district  when  forests  were  burned  to 
make  pasture  before  the  railroad  tapped  that 
Sisction,  and  now  that  there  is  a  railroad  for 
transportation  there  is  no  lignum  for  export. 
This  is  also  true  of  places  that  the  railroad  will 
traverse  in  the  near  future — -the  timber  is  be- 
ing destroyed  to-day  to  make  pasture. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  the  available  supply  of 
good  merchantable  lignum,  6  inches  and  up, 
in  this  Province  's  considerablj-  less  than  3,000 
tons,  and  this  eiiists  on  land  owned  or  con- 
trolled b}'  American  capital,  the  owners  of 
which  do  not  care  to  sell  their  vahiable  hard- 
woods, or  on  littie  lots  in  practicable  inac- 
ce&sil)'e  places. 

Formerly  there  was  a  laige  amount  of  lig- 
num along  the  southern  coast  of  Oriente  Pro- 
vince lietween  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Cape 
Maisi,  liut  to-day  that  has  all  been  cut  and 
only  a  few  trees  remain  here  and  there,  not 
sufficient  in  number  or  size  to  warrant  cutting 
operations. 

Property  owners  in  this  Province  have  a 
tendency  to  greatly  overestimate  the  amount 
of  lignum  and  other  hardwoods  on  their  prop- 
erty. A.  fairly  accurate  estimate  could  be  ob- 
tained by  "cruising"  the  few  remaining  prop- 
erties where  there  is  lignum  in  any  quantities. 
This  wouid  not  be  a  very  difficult  job,  as  the 
wood  grows  only  in  four  or  five  districts  in  this 
Province.  The  supply  is  certainly  growin 
smaller  daily. 

T'.jis  report  has  l)een  confirmed  by  an  A.meri- 
can  now  living  near  Haliana  who  was  form- 
erly for  many  year  engaged  in  cutting  and 
exporting  lignum-vitae  in  Oriente  Province. 
Persons  interested  in  obtaining  a  supply  of  the 
wood  might  correspond  with  any  of  the  local 
hardwood    dealers. 

CANADIAN  EXPORTS  TO  CUBA 
Dry  Salted  Codfish 
Fiscal  year  ended  Mar.  31. 

19U $470,230 

1915 S.502,724 

1916 $622,763 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


35 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


SUGAR  CROP  ESTIMATE 

Sr.  Mariano  CaKqucro  of  Havana,  Cuba, 
estimates  that  the  j^ugar  croj)  of  the  Island  ot 
Cuba  for  the  season  of  1910-1917  will  l)e 
3,373,000  tons.  The  difference  Ijetween  this 
estimate  and  other  estimates  which  have  been 
published  is  due,  according  to  Sr.  Casquero, 
to  the  scanty  yield  of  the  cane  in  some  locali- 
ties, the  great  difficulties  of  trant-pcrting  same 
to  the  Centrals  and  the  scarcity  of  labor. 

TACAJO 

The  new  mill  lieing  constructed  at  Tacajo 
in  Oriente  Province  is  rapidly  nearing  com- 
pletion, notwithstanding  many  serious  delays 
owing  to  labor  troubles.  A  large  part  of  the 
rolling  stock  for  the  new  mill  has  already 
arrived  and  the  two  large  locomotives  were 
shipped  from  Philadeljjhia  via  Key  West 
and  the  ferry  on  their  own  wheels. 


NEW  SUGAR  MILLS 

The  work  of  constructing  the  new  sugar 
mills  at  Cupey,  Punta  Alegre  and  Marcane 
is  progressing  rapidly,  and  the  mills  at  Cupey 
and  Punta  Alegre  are  to  be  ready  to  start 
grinding  early  in  March. 


CENTRAL  REDENCION 
MM 
The  old  Central  "Rodencion",  located  near 
JVIinas  on  the  lineof  the  Ferrocarril  Camaguey 
<t  Nuevitas  in  Camaguey  province,  is  at  pres- 
ent undergoing  extensive  repairs  and  remodel- 
ing and  is  expected  to  Ije  ready  for  griiiding 
part  of  this  season's  crop. 

PORTO  RICO  SUGAR 

Pecent  sugar  estimates  are  to  the  effect  that 
l)eginning  \\itii  March  the  weekly  prxluctim 
of  sugar  will  be  approximately  1?.5,OCO  tons 
and  that  this  rate  of  production  will  be  con- 
tinued until  June.  It  is  expected  that  the  total 
production  for  the  season  wall  be  between  500,- 
000  and  525,000  tons. 

SUGAR  CROP  OF  PORTO  RICO 

The  records  of  the  island's  f-ugar  prcduction 
from  the  cane  crops  of  the  past  eight  years  are : 

Years  Tons  Years  Tons 

1909 277,092  1913.  .  .  .  398,003 

1910 346,785  1914.  ,  .  .  351,665 

1911 349,840  1915.  .  .  .  346,490 

1912 371,075  1916 483,589 


SUGAR  REVIEW 


Speciall'j  ivrUt^n  for  the  Cuba  Rev.ew  'jy  WUlett  &  Gr  \y,  New  York. 

Our  last  review^  for  this  magazine  was  dated  January  6,  1917. 

At  that  date,  Cuba  Centrifugal  sugar  96°  test  basis,  was  quoted  at  4^8C.  cost  and  freight, 
per  lb.,  and  is  now  33^c.  c  &  f.  showing  decline  of  J^c.  per  lb.  From  January  6th,  the  market 
remained  steady  at  43/^c.  till  January  16th,  at  4Mc.  January  24th,  4.00c.;  January  25th,  3J^c.; 
January  26th,  3  15-16c.;  January  27th,3  J^c;  February  2d,  3  13-16c.;  to  the  close,  when  it  is 
SJiC;  cost  and  freight.  The  feature  of  the  crop  season  thus  far  has  been  its  backwardness 
and  freedom  from  undue  pressure  to  sell  which  has  held  the  quotations  thus  far  from  going  to 
some  point  as  low  as  SHc  c.  &  f.  or  33^c.  c.  &  f.  as  anticipated  by  the  general  public.  Of  course, 
there  is  still  time  and  circumstances  for  some  further  decline  Ijefore  the  regular  steady  rising 
market  conditions  become  operative. 

Unusual  and  more  or  less  imcertain  events  coming  almost  daily  to  influence  the  market 
conditions  render  any  opinion  of  the  future  more  or  less  obscure,  and  facts  as  they  exist  at  the 
moment  can  only  be  given. 

For  instance,  the  immediate  demand  for  raw  sugar  is  curtailed  by  labor  strikes  which  have 
been  going  on  for  weeks  at  several  refineries  with  no  immediate  end  in  sight.  In  the  mean- 
time, this  circumstance  keeps  the  price  of  refined  sugar  so  much  higher  than  the  parity  of  raws 
as  to  keep  the  dema?Kl  on  a  strictly  hand  to  mouth  basis  throughout  the  country.  Should  the 
price  of  refined  be  lowered  to  the  usual  parity  it  would  likely  bring  in  an  increased  demand  be- 
yond the  present  limitations  of  refining  without  increasing  the  demand  for  raws. 

The  United  States  having  now  broken  with  Germany,  it  will  soon  be  known  if  the  ocean 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 

traffic  of  our  country  with  European  countries  is  to  be  greatly  interrupted  as  now  appears 
possible.  Quite  large  engagements  have  been  made  with  our  refineries  for  export  of  refined 
sugar  to  which  the  above  applies. 

There  is  a  disposition  to  have  sugar  prices  sustained  as  far  as  possible  while  awaiting  new 
developments  from  Germany. 

In  addition  to  the  usual  rates  of  freight  and  insurance  some  buyers  are  taking  out  war 
risk  insurance. 

Porto  Rico  free  duty  sugar  is  finding  buyers  at  4.64c.  per  lb.  delivered  New  York.    Fine 
granulated  is  quoted  i.t  6.75c.  less  2%  6.615c.  net  cash. 

WILLETr  &  GRAY. 

New  York,  February  6,  1917. 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 

Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willett  &  Gray,  de  Nueva  York. 


Nuestra  liltima  resena  para  esta  pub]icaci6n  estaba  fechada  el  6  de  enero  de  1917. 

En  esa  fecha,  el  aziicar  centrlfugo  de  Cuba  polarizacidn  96  se  cotizaba  A  45^c.  costo  y 
flete  la  libra,  y  ahora  se  cotiza  A  3j^c.  c.  y  f.,  mostrando  una  baja  de  J^c.  la  libra.  Desde  el 
6  de  enero  el  mercado  permanecio  estable  A  4%c.  hasta  el  16  de  enero  que  bajo  6,  4J^c.,  t'l 
24  de  enero  d  4.00c.  el  25  de  enero  A  SVsc,  el  26  de  enero  &  3  15-16c.,  el  27  de  enero  &  S'/^c  , 
el  2  de  febrero  d  3  13-16c.,  hasta  cerrar  el  mercado,  en  que  se  cotiza  A  3Kc-  costo  y  fiete.  El 
punto  importante  en  la  estacion  del  azucar  ha  sido  hasta  ahora  su  tendencia  d 
retraerse  y  el  verse  libre  de  efectuar  vcntas  forzadas  indebidamente,  lo  cual  hasta  ahora  ha 
impedido  que  las  cotizaciones  llegaran  A  un  punto  tan  bajo  como  S^^c.  c.  y  f .  6  33  oc-  c.  y  f.  segiin 
anticipaba  el  publico  en  general.  Por  supuesto,  aiin  hay  tiempo  y  se  podran  originar  circun- 
stancias  que  motiven  mayor  baja  antes  de  que  las  condi clones  para  un  mercado  regular  hacia  el 
alza  constante  lleguen  A  efectuarse. 

Los  acontecimientos  no  usuales  y  n\As  6  menos  inciertos  que  se  presentan  casi  diariamente 
para  influenciar  el  estado  del  mercado  hacen  que  cualquier  opinion  que  se  de  acerca  del  futuro 
sea  mds  6  menos  vaga,  y  solo  pueden  exponerse  los  hechos  tal  como  existen  por  el  momento. 

Por  ejemplo,  la  demanda  inmediata  por  el  azucar  crudo  estA  restringida  por  las  huelgas 
de  los  obreros,  cuyas  huelgas  ya  se  van  prolongando  por  varias  semanas  en  algunas  refinerias, 
sin  que  haya  indicios  de  tenninarse  pronto.  Entretanto  esta  circunstancia  mantiene  el  azucar 
refinado  a  un  precio  mucho  mds  alto  en  proporcion  A  los  aziicares  crudos,  que  mantiene  la 
demanda  por  todo  el  pals  bajo  la  base  de  las  necesidades  mds  apremiantes.  Si  el  precio  del 
azucar  refinado  bajase  A  la  paridad  usual ,  probablemente  ocasionarfa  un  aumento  en  la  demanda 
mds  alld-  de  las  actuales  limitaciones  del  refinamiento  del  azucar  sin  avmientar  la  demanda  por 
azijcares  crudos. 

Habiendo  ahora  roto  los  Estados  Unidos  sus  ralaciones  diploniiiticas  con  Alemania,  se 
sabrd  pronto  si  el  trafico  maritimo  de  este  pais  con  los  paises  europeos  va  A  ser  interrumpido  en 
gran  manera,  como  parece  ahora  posible.  Se  han  hecho  arreglos  bastante  considerables  con 
nuestras  refinerias  para  la  exportaci6n  de  azucar  refinado,  A  lo  cual  puede  aplicarse  lo  que 
acabamos  de   decir. 

Hay  predisposici6n  A  mantener  los  precios  del  azucar  en  cuanto  sea  posible  mientras  se 
aguardan  nuevos  acontecimientos  de  Alemania. 

Ademds  de  los  tipos  usuales  de  flete  y  seguro  maritimo,  algunos  compradores  estdn  sacando 
p61izas  de  seguro  contra  riesgo  de  guerra. 

El  azucar  libre  de  derechos  de  Puerto  Rico  estd  hallando  compradores  A  4.64c.  la  libra,  A 
entregar  en  Nueva  York.  El  azucar  fino  granulado  se  cotiza  A  6.75c.  menos  2%,  6.615c.  precio 
neto. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 
Nueva  York,  febrero  6  de  1917. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Cable  Address  "Turnure" 


New  York— S4— 86  Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi- 
dends and  Interest,  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 
Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 
and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 


HAVANA— N.  Gelats  y  Ca. 

PUERTO  RICO — Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto  Rico 


LONDON- 


-The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 
PARIS— Heine  et  Cie. 


GRAMERCY  ELECTRIC  STIRRER 


,^SS»*%>, 


Useful  for  many  purposes  besides 
stirring. 

The  Universal  Motor  1-10  11.  P.  can 
be  operated  on  direct  current  or  alter- 
nating current,  is  fully  enclosed  with 
aluminium  cover  and  can  be  raised 
or  lowered  as  desired.  It  is  attached 
to  the  support  by  an  adjustable 
extension  clamp.  The  heavy  iron 
support  has  a  base  16  inches  by 
25  inches.  Underneath  the  base,  a 
rheostat  with  ten  steps  is  attached, 
the  wires  passing  up  from  the  rheostat 
to  the  motor  through  the  hollow  rod. 

Gramercy  Electric  Stirrer,  With  Support,  As 
Illustrated,    Net $20 


EIMER    &    AMEND 


HEADQUARTERS     FOR     EDUCATIONAL     AND     INDUSTRIAL     LABORATORY     SUPPLIES 
205  THIRD  AVENUE  CORNER  18TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

OTTAWA,   CANADA 


PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


Fouiidi'U  1S51 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 

p.  O.   BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 

We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


R 


28-24  in.    OAGE.   8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom   Gondola 
ALL     STEEL     CONSTRUCTION 

Length   19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10  Tons. 
Weight   7,500  lbs. 

FIRST-CLASS    CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  .Steel  Underframe  Flat  Cars. 
PROMPT  SHIPMENT  .-.  LOW  PRICE 
RAILS,      LOCOMOTIVES,      CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 

T  i(klhr«ir_tfj 

I,  WA LTER  A.  ZELNICrtER  SUPPLY  COMPANY 

kkriruiikii 


325    Locust    St.,        St.   Louis,   Mo. 


38 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and  Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


THE  NEW  JERSEY  ASBESTOS  CO. 


HOME  OFFICE: 

1  WATER  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

BRANCHES: 
Philadelphia,   Baltimore,    Allentown 


Patent  "V"   Pilot   Packings    recom 
mended  for  High  Pressure  Steam  and 
Ammonia. 

Cable  Address:    "Gladiatrix,"   New    York 


Bank  Of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1   WALL  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


Pedro   Pablo    Diago 


Guillermo   Carricaburu 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29J916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially,  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


LOUIS    V.    PLACE   CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP     BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,   Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:   "PLACe" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET         .-.  .-.         NEW     YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::  $3.00  a  year 


W.  A.   MERCHANT 

J.  T.   MONAHAN        -       -  ^ 

President 
Vice-President 

Write  Today  For  Scuuplc  Copy 

CHAS.   F.   PLARRE  -       - 

Cashier 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 

L. G.  JONES     -         -       - 

Asst.  Cashier 

ested  in    Sugar 

Please  mention   THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  writing  to  Advertisers 


THECUBAREVIEW  39 


POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,   80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL    STATION   from 
5  A.  M.   to  8  P.  M.       Last  train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL   STATION   from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.     Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Rcgla  (Ferry) $0.05 

Guanaliacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanra  and  Cahafia.s  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

.Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and   Brass 

Castings.     Light   and    Heavy   Forgings.     All   kinds  of   Machinery   Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.   KLING,   Prop.  MOBILE       ALA 

JAS.   S.   BOQUE,  Supt.  IVIV^DILIL,     J\L.I\. 


ESTABLISHED   1852                       ROHLIG      &     CO.  INQUIRIES  REQUESTED 

FORWARDING  AGENTS 

BREMEN                BREMERHAVEN  HAMBURG 

Knoohenhauerstr.   16-17                                       am  Hafen  113  Aleterdamm  14-16 

GENERAL   AGENTS    OF    MUNSON    STEAMSHIP  LINE,    NEW  YORK 

UNDERTAKING    TRAFFIC    ALL    OVER    THE    WORLD  AT    LOWEST    RATES 
THROUGH  RATES  TO  AND  FROM  EVERY  PLACE  PROVIDED  ON  APPLICATION 


Telepiione,  33  Hamilton.     Night  Call.  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:     "Abiworka,"  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forgin([B,Iron  and  Brass  Castmga,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,    Oil   Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter   and   Joiner    Work 

l?i?  f^Tv^'^ST'^^IF'"  )  N-  Harni.ton  F.rry  BROOKLYN.  N.   Y. 

Agents  for  "Kinrhorn"  Multiples  Val»« 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE 

TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 


CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Corraapondanca   Solicited   from 
Intanding        Inraators 

OFFICERS 

Norman  H.  Davii  .....  President 
Oiwald  A.  Hornsby  -  -  -  -  Vice-Preiident 
Claudio  Q.  Mendoia  -  -  -  Vice-President 
J.  M.  Hopgood  ---...  Treasurer 
Rogelio  Carbajal  --...-  Secretary 
W.  M.  Whitner    .     .  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Dept. 


P.    RUIZ    ®    BROS. 

Engravers  —  Fine  Stationery 
Obispo  22  P.  O.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 


MOTOR  GUINCHE  EL  "COLONO" 


Un  substitute  moderno  para  los    BUEYES 
de  la  antiguedad 

MASECONOMICO 

MAS  SEGURO 

MAS  RAPIDD 

CUESTA  POCO 

Especialmente   para   los    trasbordadores   de 
Vild,  Quinones,  Castellon 

Pidanse  precios  y  pormenores 
COMPANIA  AGRICOLA,  Monserrate  10,  Habana 
6  EL  COLONO  WINCH  CO.,  106  Wall  St.,  N.  Y. 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADi)   EN   1S69 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Active  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  Sts. 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en  Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espafia  6  Islas  Canarias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  adniiten  depositos 

&    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeros  en  Libras 

Esterlinas    6   Pesetas,    valederas   estas   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la  Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linoa  67, 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -      -      -      OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established    1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the   Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-1C8  Amargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi- 
ness— Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  CONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable   Address,   "Tide,   New    York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1 

P.  M.,P.  M. 

No.17 

P.  M. 

No.  3 

P.  M. 

No.  7  No.  5   js  \                 H=„=„»                    No.  2  N0.I8  No.  4  No.  8  No.  6  No.lO 

A.M.  A.M.    2                   Havana                   A.  M.  A.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.^P.  M.jA.  M. 

10.30 

10.00 

A.M. 
12.06 
4.40 

9.00 
10.55 

5.28 

5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 

3.10 

5.27 
7.30 

10.01    7.40 

11.58  10.10'   58 

Lv.  .Central Station.  .Ar. 
Ar      .   Matanza.s           .  Lv. 

7.36    9.13    2.06 

5.31    6.45  12.00 
12.45    5.00    9.  12 

6.39 

4.44 
1.05 

12.00 
8.20 

's'oo 

A.M. 

9.05 

6.28 
4.25 

6.20 

2.  18  12.33  109!  Ar Cardenas Lv. 

4.40 179  Ar Sagua .Lv. 

8.40 230  A r          Caibarien..       .  Lv. 

P.  M. 
8.00 
5.30 

A.  M. 

12.10 

P.  M. 
8.25 

A.M. 

* 

17 
M. 

* 

'7 

10.40 

3.38 

6.45    6.45 
P.  M. 
:   6.40 

8.00 

10.30 

P.M. 

180  Ar.  . .  Santa  Clara.  . . .  Lv. 
195  Ar.  .  .  Cienfuegos Lv. 

6.20 

1.00 

9.15 

8.48 

6.15 
A.M. 

16' 66 

A. 

8.50 

10.20 

P.M. 

1.00 

10.00 
11.00 

A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.M. 

3.00 

3.30 

P.M. 

276 
340 

Ar .  .Ciego  de  Avila.  . .  Lv. 
Ar.  .  .  .Camaguey.  .  .  .  Lv. 

7.35 

4.55 

A.M. 

7.40 

1.55 
P.M. 
11.20 

2.30 

538  Ar.  Santiago de  Cuba.  Lv. 

6.55 

2.00 

P.  M. 

P.M. 

A.M.I 

P.M. 

1 

Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitau. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


From  Havana  to  Berth  Compartment. 

Cienfuegos $3.00                  .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00               $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50                10.00 

Antilla 5.00                 14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00                 14.00 

ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


Antilla 

U.  S.  Cy. 

$23.33 

1.53 

20.66 

10.68 

15.49 

5.43 

12.72 

Isle  of  Pines 

U.  S.  Cy 
$6.00 

Batabano 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Madruga 

Manzanillo 

Matanzas 

Placetas 

Remedios 

Sagua 

3.01 

22.02 

3.20 

9.64 

10.43 

8.45 

Cienfuegos 

Colon 

8.69 

5.56 

25.58 

21.20 

.45 

Sancti  Spiritus 

Santa  Clara 

11.19 

8.53 

Holguin 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

24.11 

Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 


(( 


WEEK=END"  TICKETS 


FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  "WEEK=END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Send  three  cents  in  stamps  for  "Cuba — A  Winter  Paradise,"  a  beau-    ITnifAfl     Railurav*    tJt     I4a«r«ri* 
tiful  illustrated  booklet  desoribing   interesting  trips    in  Cuba  to     Wniieu    IVOUWayS    OI     nSVaiU 

FRANK   ROBERTS,   Goneral  Passenger  Agent.  Prado,   118,   Havana,   Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET.  Cor.   Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Imporlacion    directa    de    todas    los 
ceiitrus   luainifuctiii  cru^i    del   mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munsnn  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  .lames  E.  NVaiil 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Scrra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlantieos 
de  A.  Tolch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espana 
Independcncia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS.   CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUINIBER 
AND    TIMBER 


OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

Wall      Street,      New 


112     Wall      Street,      New      York 

Near   South   Street 

Yard:  56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 

Telephones : 

Office,  1905  John         Yard,  .'{IG  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING   ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONIU'    CONSmUCTlON 
Piers.  Ukiuges,  Raii-koads  ami  IJuii.di.ngs 


A'e  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on    all    classes    of    conlractiiig    work    in    Cuba. 

New    York   OfTu-e: 

WOOLWORTH     Run. KING.    2.''.:5     P.nOADWAY 

Havana   Office:  Zulukta  36   D. 


John  Munro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722   Third   Ave.,   Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 

Cable    Address:    Kunomale,    New    York 
Telephone,   2102   South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 
Maritime    Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar   Makers, 

Boat  Builders,   Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock         BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  push  the  sale*  of 

American  high  class  products.     Would 

represent  a  first  class  firm 


APARTADO  102 


CAMAGUEY,   CUBA 


M.J.  CABANA    "LTrV^V^"^ 

p.  O.   Box  3,  Camaguey 

Handles  all  lines  of  merohandise  either  on  a  uom- 
misaion  basis  or  under  agency  airangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  infortaaticn  about  lands  in  east- 
ern Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvo«lef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  MiobelscD 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

Steamship  Agents  &  Ship  Brokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

CahU:    "B*nt«te«" 


PUa»e  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  xjoriting  to  AdverUaert 


V  H  l^     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


S.S.   MUNAMAR 

NEW  YORK-EASTERN  CUBA  SERVICE 


PASSENGER   AND  FREIGHT 

Xew  York  Antilla  Antilla 

Leave  Arrive  Leave 

Mch.        3  Mch.  Mch.     10 


Xew  York 

Arrive 
Mch.     14 


Steamer 
xMUNAMAR 

Subsequent    .sailings   to  Antilla   PL;spended    until    farther   notice    on    account   of 
conditions  in  Eastern  C"ul):i. 


FREIGHT   ONLY 

Regular  fortnightly  sidings  for  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagux,  Caibarien,  Pto.  Padre, 
Manati,  Banes,  Gibara  and  Nuevitas. 


MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

SS.  BERTHA Havana :\Iarch     2 

SS.  WIEN Cardenas,  Cailiarien March     2 

SS.  MUNISLA Havana,  Matanzas March     9 

STEAMER Cienfuegos March  13 

SS.  MUNPLACE Havana,    Cardenas,   Caibarien March   Ki 

STEAMER Havana,  Matanzas,  Sagua :\Iarch  23 

SS.  ]\IUXISLA Havana,  Cardenas,  Caibarien ]^Iarch   30 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER Mir.-h  2),  for  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario. 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER March  S  and  22 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports   of  call 

without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE     CUBA     REVIE\^' 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904  =  1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating     tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

328  CHESTNUT  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  Pa. 


S.    MOPPIS  IJIJJH.   Pres. 


LFWIS   C    LILLIE.   Sec.  and   Treas. 


Grand  Prize  awarded  for  Locomotives  at  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  Furnished  on  Application 
REPRESENTATIVES     FOR    THE    WEST     INDIES: 

WALUCE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable   AddreBses:  "BALDWIN.    PHILADELPHIA."    "LEEBALD.    HAVANA" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


VIEW 


.OOAYear     MARCH,  1917    lOCentsACopy 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


LINK-BELT    CRANES 

Labor   Saving      Load    and   Store    Raw   or   Finished    Products -Quick    Acting 


DISTINCTIVE    FEATURES. — ^Steel  gears   throughout;  bronze  bushings 
throughout;    one-paint   adiustment  on  Clutches;  large  roomy  platform 
for    opp-ator;    everything     liandy;    few    parts — every    one  accessible;    ex- 
ceptionally large  factor   of  safety 
used;     the     only     crane   with     a 
fool-proof  safety    device    on    the 
I        swinging  mechanism. 


Another  Service  for  Link-Belt  Cranes 


Write  for  Crane  Catalog    No.    158 

Link-Belt  Company 

299    BROADWAY 
NEW      YORK 


Tillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 

llllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUIII))llllllllllllir 

JAMES  M.  MOTLEY  '' ^^^^'^0'^^"^ 

Cable  Address:  JAMOTLEY,   New  York 

Direccion  Cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New  York 

(All  codes  used) 

(Usamos  todas  las  clavea) 

RAIL  AND  FASTENINGS 

RIELES  Y  ASEGURADORES 

FROGS  AND  SWITCHES 

RANAS  Y  CAMBIAVIAS 

CARS 

VAGONES 

BOILERS,  TANKS,  PUMPS 

CALDERAS,  TANQUES,  BOMBAS 

CASA    TURULL 


Acids,    Chemicals,     Disinfectants,    Gums,    Glues,    Colors, 
Oils  and  Greases,   Naval  Stores,   Fertilizers. 

RAW  MATERIALS  FOR  ALL  INDUSTRIES 
THOMAS  F.  TURULL,  Inc. 


MURALLA  2  &  4   HAVANA,   CUBA. 

NEW  YORK  OFFICE:  140   MAIDEN    LANE. 


A     7751   ; 
A    -4862  / 


P.O.   Box   2009 
Havana,   Cuba 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


/^  A  DDr\C    PARA  TODOS   usos  y  dc  toclos  tamanos.   de  los  para  cana  con   cuatro    ruedas  y  capa- 

^^*^*    **'^^'~'    cidad  de    I'A    toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  ilobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toneladas 

Ilacemos    una    espccialidad    de   juegos    dc    hcrrajcs,    incluyendo    los    juegos 

de  ruedas,  cumplctamenle  armados,  con  todas  las  piezas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

completos    para    construir    los    carros    d    su    dcstino    de    madsras    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cahi.i;  Adohlss: 
Ramai  1  ^^I 


HOLBROOK   TOWING    LINE 

W.   S.   HOLBROOK,   Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 

^*^?8l5-?8r6'       SOUTH  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A.      S^^re? 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 

FOREIGN  AND  Qf  T^    A  OC  ^^^  AND 

DOMESTIC  OUVlAIxO  REFINED 

82   WALL  STREET,   NEW  YORK 

Publishers  of   Daily   and   Weekly   Statistical    Sugar  Trade  Journal— the   recognized   authority  of  the  trade, 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET   ADVICES   FURNISHED 


BELMONT 
IRON    WORKS 

DESIGN-FABRICATE-ERECT 

STEEL  BUILDINGS 

MAIN  OFFICE  &  WORKS:  PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 

NEW  YORK  OFFICE:  32   BROADWAY 
BRIDGE     SHOPS:     EDDYSTONE.     PA. 

SUGAR    MILL    CONSTRUCTION    A   SPECIALTY 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


FOR  MOLASSES  USE 


MATERIAL 
FABRICATED 


Off iea  in  TuUa, 
Oklahoma,   Gallais  Bids- 

2728  Whitehall  BuUdlns 
NEW  YORK 


STEEL  TANKS 


COMPLETE 
OR  ERECTED 

Los  Angeles  Office 

414  Grosse  Building 

Spring  &  Sixth 

Agenti  in  Cuba: 
ELLIS  BROTHERS 

28  San  Ignacio,    Havana,   Cuba 


BUILT  BY 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


30% 

mk»  de 
cana 


Mejor 
extrac- 


PATENTE  PELAEZ 

Esta  maza  puede  colocarse  facilmente  en  cualquier  trapiche,  sea  de  dos  6  tres  mazas.  _  Machuca  bien  la 
oafia  desmenuzdndola  y  extraySndole  almismo  tiempo  las  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  guarapo,  dejando  la  cafia  bien 
preparada  para  el  segundo  trapiche.  Ejecuta  todo  el  trabajo  de  una  desmenuzadora  de  primera  clase  y  sin  m&e 
gasto  que  cuando  se  opera  con  una  maza  lisa.  Esta  maza  es  de  acero  y  se  ha  sacado  privilegio  para  ella  en  todas 
las  partes  del  mundo  donde  se  cultiva  la  cana  de  azdcar.  Pues  envienos  un  dibujo  de  la  maza  superior  que  usan 
U  is  asl  que  de  su  eje,  y  les  cotizaremos  precios  bajos  por  una  maza  completa  para  desmenuzar  la  cana  de  este 
trapiche. 

NEWELL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  149  Broadway,  New  York,  E.  U.  A. 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  MP  M 

5  15  2  55 

15  4  33 

6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
P  M 


P  M  AM 
2  15  10  r 


P  M 


P  M 


PM 


AM 
6  55 
8  33 

10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


A  M 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 

AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .  Ar 

Ar Artemisa Lv. 

kr Paso  Real Lv. 

Ar Herradura Lv, 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio Lv 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 

3dcl. 

$1.10 

2.12 


A  Ml  A  M    AM  P  M  P  M!P  M 
7  49  11  09  11  473  496  477  09 


AM 


9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 


9  451   45  4  45  5  35 
—  4  04 


AM 


P  M 


6  38  3  00 
3  001  30 

P  MP  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho   Boyeros 15  cts. 

Calabazar 10  "       |  Santiago  de  las  Vegas    ....     20    " 

Rincon 25  cts. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  Bale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


THL  CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An  Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92  Beaver  Street.   New  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,      Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 

$1.00  Per  Year         _------        10  Cents  Single  Copy 

Advertising  Rales  on  Application 


Vol.  XV  MARCH.   1917  No.  4 

Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — Cuban  Sugar  Estate  (Courtesy  American  Photo  Co.) 
Frontispiece — Central  "Florida." 

Cuban  Government  Matters: 

The  Political  Situation ' 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

Prevailing  Prices  for    Cuban  Securities '"* 

Hormi<;uero  Sugar  Estate,  Illustrated 1 1-     !-•   ^'^ 

Manufacturing  Sugar  in  Cuba,  Illustrated ^'  ^' 


Sugar  Industry: 


15 


Chart  Showing  Market  Price  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar,  r,  years 

Sugar  Estate  Statistics  of  the  Island  of  Cuba 10,  IS,  20,  22,  24,  2(i,  2S,  30,  32 

Summary  of  Sugar  Estates 

World's  Sugar  Production ' 

Sugar  Review,  English '  ' 

,  „     .        ^        .  ,  •  36 

bugar  Review,  Spanish 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban  Railroads 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 

'■ALL   ABOUT   CUBA" 

Copyright,  1917,  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line 


Volume  XV 


MARCH,  1917 


Number   4 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


THE  POLITICAL  SITUATION   IN  CUBA 
The  following  is  a  sequence  of  the  events 
leading  up  to  the  Cuban  revolt: 

President  Mario  G.  Menocal,  after  serving 
one  four-j-ear  term,  so.ight  re-election  as  a 
candidate  of  the  Conservative  Party.  Presi- 
dent Menocal  was  opposed  by  Dr.  Alfredo 
Zayas,  representative  of  the  Liberal  Party. 
The  campaign  was  hotly  contested.  The 
election  was  held  on  November  1st  and  the 
first  retiu-ns  indicated  the  probaljility  of 
the  election  of  Dr.  Zayas.  The  Conserva- 
tive Party  refused  to  admit  defeat  and 
claimed  to  have  carried  the  election.  After 
some  days  of  saspense,  the  matter  of  the 
contested  election  was  referred  to  the  Cen- 
tral Election  Board  in  Havana,  and  eventually 
to  the  Supreme  Court.  The  Supreme  Court 
affirmed  most  of  the  retiu-ns  favorable  to 
Dr.  Zayas,  but  ordered  that  new  elections 
should  be  held  in  certain  districts,  the  most 
important  of  these  new  elections  being  in 
Santa  Clara  Province,  the  balloting  to  take 
place  on  February  Uth.  The  methods 
of  the  Conservative  Party  during  this  period 
have  been  bitterly  attacked  by  the  Liberals, 
who  have  alleged  corruption,  coercion  and 
illegal  use  of  governmental  influence.  Earh' 
in  February  bands  of  armed  men  appeared 
in  the  Eastern  Provmces.  On  February 
lOtb  the  Govermnent  announced  the  dis- 
covery of  a  plot  to  kidnap  the  President, 
and  many  were  arrested  charged  with  being 
conspirators.  On  February  r2th,  the  gar- 
rison at  Santiago  de  Culja  revolted  and 
obtained  po.ssession  of  the  city.  Aljout 
this  time  General  Jose  IMiguel  Gomez, 
Ex-president  of  Cuba  and  a  powerful  factor 
of  the  Liberal  Part}-,  disappeared  from  Hav- 
ana. On  Februarj^  14th  the  new  elections 
were  held  in  Santa  Clara  Province,  and  the 


result  was  an  overwhelming  majority  for 
the  re-election  of  President  Menocal.  The 
Government  of  Cuba,  in  an  official  statem.ent, 
sought  to  minimize  the  im,portance  of  the 
insurgent  movement,  but  at  the  same  tim.e 
announced  the  purchase  of  10,000  rifles 
and  5,000,000  rounds  of  am.munition,  the 
purchase  being  made  from  the  United 
States,  and  a  call  for  volunteers  was  i.ssued. 
On  March  Sth  the  capture  of  General  Gon  ez 
took  place  as  a  re.sult  of  a  battle  between 
the  Goverm^nent  forces  and  the  in.siu-gents 
near  Placetas  del  Sur.  General  Gom.ez 
and  a  large  number  of  other  prisoners  were 
brought  to  Havana,  where  they  were  im.- 
prisoned  and  will  be  tried  in  due  course  of 
law. 

It  is  extrem.eh'  unfortunate  for  Cuba 
that  these  political  disturbances  took  place 
at  such  a  prosperous  period  in  her  history. 
It  has  already  cost  the  Cuban  people  a  large 
amount  of  money,  as  will  be  readily  seen 
when  the  estimate  of  the  Cuban  sugar 
crop  is  examined.  This  will  show  a  great 
loss  of  production  and  a  consequent  loss  of 
wealth  to  the  Cuban  people.  Fiu-therm.ore, 
there  has  been  considerable  damage  done 
to  the  railroads  in  Eastern  Cuba,  which 
has  made  it  impossible  to  operate  trains, 
and  it  will  take  some  time  Vjefore  this  dam.age 
can  be  repaired  and  transportation  again 
be  resumed.  Considerable  dpmage  to  the 
cane  fields  and  to  the  sugar  centrals  has 
been    reported. 

It  is  greatly  to  be  hoped  that  in  the  future 
the  Cuban  people  will  learn  that  the  peace- 
ful developnient  of  the  wonderfid  resources 
of  Cuba  is  the  true  province  of  their  Govern- 
ment and  that  nothing  can  be  gained  by 
revolution,  and  such  disputes  as  friction 
over  elections  should  be  decided  by  the 
constituted  legal  tribunals  and  not  by  force. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 


THE  PROCESS  OF  MANUFACTURING  SUGAR  FROM 

CANE   IN  CUBA 


The  cane  is  transported  from  the  fields  in  carts  and  railway  cars  and  on  arrival  at  the  mill 
is  unloaded  upon  the  cane-carrier  by  a  hoist  with  a  capacity  to  lift  up  to  ten  tons  at  one  opera- 
tion. Chains  or  wire  ropes  are  placed  under  the  load  of  cane  between  transverse  slats  on  the 
platform  of  the  car  or  cart,  the  end  attached  to  the  support  above,  and  the  load  is  lifted  bodily 
into  the  air,  transported  to  a  suitable  hopper  a1>ove  the  carrier  and  then  dropped  by  the  pull  of 
a  trigger.  In  some  cases  the  cane  is  gradually  discharged  from  the  hopper  upon  the  carrier  by 
means  of  a  revolving  drum  or  traveling  apron  provided  with  strong  hook-like  teeth;  in  other 
cases  the  hopper  is  built  at  the  bottom  of  a  trough  six  or  seven  feet  wide  by  about  half  as  deep, 
and  leading  up  at  an  angle  to  the  crusher.  In  the  bottom  of  this  trough  is  the  carrier— an 
endless  apron  of  wooden  or  metal  slats  or  plates;  or  in  the  later  models  of  steep  ascent  a  link- 
belt  conveyor  of  great  strength  provided  with  strong  steel  teeth,  18  inches  long,  curving  slightly 
forward  to  elevate  the  heavy,  tangled  mass  of  cane  which  falls  upon  it  and  the  mass  of  cane, 
in  a  rough  layer  12  inches  or  18  inches  deep,  falls  precipitously  over  the  upper  apex  of  the  carrier 
into  a  hopper-like  receptacle  which  feeds  it  into  the  preliminary  crusher,  consisting  of  two 
enormously  strong  steel  rollers,  provided  with  interlocking  ridges  to  grip,  which  crush  and  tear 
the  cane.  Besides  the  hoist  method  of  unloading  cane,  there  is  the  basculador  or  tip-platform, 
which  is  arranged  to  tip  either  to  one  side  or  on  end  at  an  angle  of  about  thirty  degrees,  causing 
the  cane  to  slide  from  the  car  or  cart  into  the  hopper  of  the  carrier.  There  is  also  an  arrange- 
ment for  forcing  the  cane  out  through  one  end  of  the  car  by  means  of  power  driven  bumpers 
which  are  in  use  in  some  of  the  mills  of  Cuba. 

Cane  contains  about  eighteen  per  cent  of  sugar,  of  which  from  ten  to  thirteen  per  cent  is 
extracted  in  the  process  of  manufacture.  .'Vfter  the  cane  has  been  macerated  the  juice  flows 
through  a  finely  perforated  Ijrass  straining  plate  into  a  small  receiving  tank,  and  is  pumped  into 
the  lining  tanks,  where  milk  of  lime  is  immediately  added  to  neutralize  acidity  and  to  precipi- 
tate those  impurities  which  form  insoluble  Silt.  Then  ensues  the  defecation  process.  The 
juice  passes  through  heaters  fitted  with  tubes,  along  which  the  liquid  flows,  and  thence  into  the 
defecators,  which  are  open  vessels  with  steam  coils  in  the  bottom,  serving  to  heat  the  juice 
slowly,  after  which  the  clear  juice  is  decanted  from  the  scum  on  the  top  and  the  "mud"  at  the 
bottom.  The  clear  juice  is  subsequently  drawn  by  vacuum  attraction  into  the  evaporators 
called  "effects,"  where  the  boiling  process  properly  begins.  There  may  be  double,  triple,  quad- 
ruple effects,  or  even  d,  greater  number.  In  these  eva])orators  the  juice  is  reduced  to  the  extent 
of  75  per  cent  of  its  volume,  and  is  then  called  "syrup."  A  further  reduction  of  50  per  cent  takes 
place  in  the  vacuum  pans,  where  the  syrup  becomes  known  as  "massecuite."  The  concen- 
trated juice  is  run  into  immense  vessels  to  cool  and  crystalize,  and  the  mass  of  crystals  formed 
is  poured  into  fast-whirling  machines  called  "centrifugals"  in  recognition  of  the  force  which 
whirls  the  molasses  out  of  the  crys+als  and  turns  them  a  golden-yellow  color  in  a  few  minutes 
rotation.  The  amount  of  molasses  flung  out  of  the  crystals  is  about  30  per  cent.  This  molasses 
is  carried  away  through  ])i]je  lines  and  is  pumped  into  large  tanks  wh?re  it  isstored  for  shipment. 
In  times  gone  by  little  attention  was  paid  to  this  factor  in  the  business,  it  being  allowed  1o  run 
away,  but  the  advent  of  what  is  now  an  importtnt  and  welcome  enterprise  in  connection  with 
the  sugar  irdustry,  the  Cuba  Distilling  Compan'' turned  the  despised  and  neglected  molasses 
into  something  for  which  there  is  a  steady  sale,  and  which  without  any  trouble  or  expense  to 
the  pi  inters  is,  m  many  cases,  equal  m  financial  returns  to  a  moderate  dividend  on  the  capitali- 
sation of  the  estate.  The  most  up-to-date  melhod  of  treating  "massecuite"  is  to  pour  the  con- 
tents of  the  vacuum  or  "strike-pan"  mto  a  large  receplacle,  called  a  crystalizer,  in  wnich  a 
revolving  shaft  with  blades  attached  keeps  +he  m-^ss  m  motion  for  a  certain  number  of  hours 
before  it  goes  to  the  centritugds.  This  process  is  based  on  the  fact  that  while  sugar  crystals 
ivre  in  motion  their  volume  increases  to  a  greater  extent  and  more  rapidly  than  when  at  rest. 

From  the  centrifugals  the  sugar  descends  through  a  chute  mto  liags,  containing  usually 
320  or  325  pounds.  The  bags  when  filled  are  sewed,  weighed  and  then  shipped  to  the  market 
awaiting  raw  sugar^ — -or  perhaps  stored  pending  a  rise  in  the  market-price  of  this  necessary 
commodity. 


T  II  K     C  V  B  A     H  K  \   I  ]•:  W 


llauliiiK    Cane    to    the    Cf)lonia    Central    !'"( 


10 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


0^ 


««r, 


■^^i 


^ 


Interior    View,    Central    Moron. 


',1   M^l 


_  SSF'i  ?  ,  * 


7 -r»  *^  !-«  •  ^'  4l!^- V 


Y 


General  Interior  View  of  Sugar  Mill,  Showing  the  Finished  Product  Ready  to  Ship. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


11 


Hormiguero    INIill 


HORMIGUERO    SUGAR    ESTATE 


The  Spanish  word  "Hormi^iaero,"  translated  to  English,  means  "Anthill,"  and  it  is  any- 
thing hut  the  definition  of  one's  impressions  after  a  visit  to  this  estate. 

To  reach  Hormiguero  one  takes  the  train  on  the  Culjan  Central  Railway  from  Cienf  uegos 
to  the  station  HormJguero,  a  distance  of  eighteen  miles,  where  change  is  m.ade  to  the  plantation 
railroad,  over  which  a  small  car  drawn  by  an  Ajnerican  mule  takes  you  to  the  sugar  m.ill  and 
estate  only  a  short  distance  aw^ay.  On  this  short  trip  to  the  plantation  one  gets  the  first  im.- 
pression  of  the  attention  given  to  the  care  and  upkeep  of  this  magnificent  estate,  situated  in  one 
of  the  most  picturesque  parts  of  Santa  Clara  province.  The  right  of  way  along  this  plantation 
railway  is  nned  with  Royal  palms,  which  give  the  usual  stately  grace  to  their  surroundings, 
while  palmettos,  orange  trees  and  verdant  banana  plants  give  the  usual  pleasing  tropical  effect. 
When  the  mule  car  reaches  its  destination  at  the  mill  and  residence  of  the  owner,  all  the  stories 
told  in  Cienfuegos  of  the  beauties  of  this  estate  are  instantly  recalled  and  confirmed  at  first 
glance.  The  mansion  and  estate  of  the  owner,  Mr.  E.  L.  Ponvert,  is  one  of  the  m.ost  magnifi- 
cent in  Cuba,  as  shown  in  some  of  the  accompanying  photographs,  and  it  is  hard  to  believe  and 
understand  how  they  ever  gave  it  the  name  of  "Anthill."  Mr.  Ponvert  and  family  are  lovers  of 
nature  and  the  beautiful,  and  everything  about  the  estate  bears  evidence  of  this  fact— the 
beautiful  gardens  with  all  varieties  of  flowers,  the  aviary  with  hundreds  of  different  kinds  of 
birds  and  a  small  zoo  containing  monkeys,  dogs  and  cats.  The  residence-mansion  is  so  situated 
to  the  m.ill  that  the  elder  Mr.  Ponvert  can  l)e  com.fortably  seated  in  the  large  portico  enjoying 
all  the  beauties  surrounding  his  home  and  at  the  same  time  observe  most  every  operation  in  the 
large  sugar  mill  only  a  stone's  throw  across  the  way. 

This  mill  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  Cuba.  It  was  first  started  in  1839  and  continued  operations 
up  to  the  war  times  of  the  sixties;  it  resumed  operations  in  1868  and  has  been  grinding  sugar 
continuously  year  after  year  up  to  the  present  time,  and  during  all  this  time  the  ownership 
has  rem.ainded  in  the  Ponvert  family.      It  is  well  managed  and  progressively  conducted,  and 


12 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Ponvert   Family    Residence,   Hormiguero. 


Church   and    Oardens,    Hormiguero    Estate 


one  of  the  few  large  mills  which  has  not  been  absorbed  by  the  all-powerful  syndicates  which 
control  so  many  of  the  great  estates  of  the  sugar  island.  The  m.ill  is  provided  with  modern  ma- 
chinery of  the  best  type  throughout  and  produces  from  175,000  to  200,000  bags  of  sugar  each 
year.  Around  the  plantation  is  ample  evidence  of  organization  and  thrift— the  workingmen's 
homes  are  well  kept  and  there  is  an  appearance  of  prosperity  all  al)out. 

The  ownership  of  this  m.ill  is  entirely  a  family  afTair,  and  this  is  the  reason  why  Mr. 
Ponvert,  Sr.,  has  refused  flattering  offers  to  sell,  especially  of  late,  to  the  Cuba  Cane 
Company  and  others  who  were  exceedingly  desirous  of  purchasing  the  estate,  and  it  is 
understood  he  refused  $5,000,000  for  the  property.  The  affairs  of  the  estate  are  handled  by  a 
staff  of  experts  headed  by  Mr.  E.  L.  Ponvert, who  is  the  owner  and  administrator,  ably  assisted 
by  his  son,  E.  L.  Ponvert,  Jr.,  who  is  the  engineer  in  chief  of  the  plantation. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


ir! 


Tropical    (lardens,    Hormiguefo    Estate. 


^ 

■IHI 

wS^m 

|fflH 

H 

I 

^■^■hmbm^^^^HF' 

1 

^^^^^^^^^^^^p^ 

l^^l 

Hormiguero  Estate — -Deep,  cool  portico,  protected  from   the    sun. 

There  are  several  large  warehouses  located  on  the  property  for  the  storage  of  sugar  which 
is  handled  over  the  plantation  railway  to  the  main  line  of  the  Cuban  Central  for  shipment 
to  lighters  at  the  loading  port  of  Cienfuegos. 


14 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  of  Jamuirv 

1917  19i() 

Gross  Earnings $547,487  $492,074 

Operating  expenses 229,965  186,285 

Net  earnings 317,522  305,789 

Miscellaneous  income 6,368  9,794 

Total  net  income 323,890  315,583 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 192,012  200,192 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  reeeipis:                1917            1916            1915            1914            1913            1912            1911  1910 

Week  ending  Jan.  27th      £59,082      £58,909      £45,105      £40,734      £44,680      £39,996      £39,065  £39,486 

Week  ending  Feb.  .3d..        60,889        61,584        49,519        41,2.57        47,158        40,094        39,650  39,436 

Week  ending  Feb.  10th        60,784        59,783        50,044        48,719        48,144        40,951        40,673  42,252^ 

Week  ending  Feb.  17th        54,800        59,331        50,747        49,659        50,385        42,324        42,897  44,159 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL   RAILWAYS 

Weekly  Receipts:                                                                                  1917           1916           1915  1914 

Week  ending  February  lOth £30,006      £25,080      £19,847  £18,380 

Week  ending  February  17th 28,805        26,959        21,077  20,108 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  Receipts:                                                                                    1917          1916            1915  1914 

Week  ending  February  10th £7,322       £6,700       £5,469  £5,550 

Week  ending  February  17th 6,404          6,202          6,055  5,252 

Week  ending  February  24th 6,785          6,956          5,481  5,119 


CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


PREVAILING   PRICES   FOR  CUBAN   SECURITIES 

A$  quoted  by  Lawrence  Turnure  d:  Co.,  New  York. 

Bid. 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 92 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 98 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 95 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  ^1^%  Bonds  of  1949 86 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 103 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 89 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 91 

Cuba  Co.  6%  Debenture  Bonds 98 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 99 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 91 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Preferred  Stock 106 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Common  Stock 99 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 102 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 180 

Cuban- American  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 101 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 60 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  Mtge.  (>%  Bonds  90 

All  prices  of  bonds  quoted  on  an  and  interest  basis. 


Asked. 

94H 

99  H 

96 

86M 
105 
103 

92 

93 
100 
101 

93 
108 
lOOJ^ 
none 
105 
190 
1011^ 

63 

94 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


15 


.   7  ^2,28^  ,,  ^^4  ..  18  25  ,   ^  ,5^^6  1520^7^  ,^  ,^  ^^  .   5  £2223^  ,^  ,^^2  9  ^2330^  ^^,^4  1,  ,825^  ^  ^^^ 

Jam       Feb.     Mar.      Apr       Nay     Juh      July       Aug.      Sep        Oct      nov       Dec. 


DIAGRAM 

Showing  Market  Price  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar  at   New  York,  c.   A   f.   Basis,   96°  Test.'j 

During   the    Last    Five    Years. 


The  influence  of  the  war  upon  the  price  of  sugar  may  be  seen  at  a  glance  by  reference 
to  the  attached  chart  of  sug^r  prices  during  the  past  five  years.  Particular  attention, 
however,  is  drawn  to  the  wide  fluctuations  in  the  price  of  sugar  during  the  past  three 
years,  since  the  opening  of  the  war  in  1914,  from  which  it  will  be  noted  with  interest  that 
whereas  the  uncertain  conditions  resulting  from  the  war  have  been  reflected  m  the  wide 
fluctuations  in  the  price  of  sugar  each  year,  it  is  nevertheless  a  fact  that  the  average  price 
of  sugar  has  been  on  a  little  higher  level  each  succeeding  year.  •        ^       ■        .,. 

It  will  be  particularly  interesting  to  watch  the  fluctuations  in  price  during  the  ye^r 
1917,  in  view  of  the  large  element  of  uncertainty  which  is  still  prevailing  because  of  the 
European  war  and  to  which  the  Cuban  insurrection  has  contributed  to  no  small  extent. 


16 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


NOTE 

In  View  of  the  extremel>  unsettled 
conditions  now  existing  in  Cuba,  aris- 
ing out  of  the  insurrection,  it  is  most 
difficalt  to  secure  autlientic  informa- 
tion concerning  the  status  of  (grinding 
throughout  the  Island,  particularly 
in  tlie  eastern  part,  the  means  of  com- 
munication Ijeing  so  interrupted  as  to 
make  it  impossible  for  the  Cuba  Review 
to  publish  an  estimate  of  the  1917  crop 
that  could  be  considered  as  dependable 
as  our  crop  estin  ates  for  previous 
years. 

We,  therefore,  have  not  made  any 
alterations  in  the  figures  given  to  us 
by  the  var.ous  plantation  owners.  W"e 
would  state,  however,  that  from  such 
information  as  we  have  been  able  to 
secure,  it  is  very  probable  that  the 
total  crop  will  be  reduced  to  aVout 
254  million  tons. 

The  present  indications  are  that  for 
the  provinces  of  Pinar  de  Rio,  Havana, 
Matanzas  and  Sta.  Clara,  the  figures 
in  our  tables  should  be  reduced  by  10%, 
due  chiefly  to  weather  conditions  re- 
sulting in  decreased  sugar  content  of 
the  cane.  For  the  provinces  of  Cama- 
guey  and  Oriente,  where  labor  and 
political  disturbances  have  been  most 
prevalent,  the  figures  will  prohably  he 
reduced  fully  50%. 

It  seem.s  proballe,  therefore,  as  the 
Cuba  Review  goes  to  press,  that  the 
total  crop  may  be  as  high  as  2,750,000 
tons,  with  a  possibility  of  further  re- 
ductions, the  extent  of  which  will  de- 
pend upon  the  length  of  tim.e  which 
may  elapse  before  the  restoration  of 
normal    conditions. 


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THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


17 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensefia  uno  de  nuestros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cafla. 

Tenemos  otros  tipos  de  capacidades  varias  y  hemes  fabricado  un  gran  numsro  de  carros  para  cafia  para 
UBO  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  America-Central  y  M6xico,  que  tienen  jaules  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
otruidas  para  loa  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cafia. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.  U.  A. 

Direcci6n  telegrdfica-     NALLLM,  New  York  Produccidn  annual  de   mds  de   100,000  carrot. 

Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B  CINTAS,  Oficios  29-31.  Havana. 


ROMANAS     BENNINGTON     DE     SUSPENSION 
Para     Gviarapo     y     Miel 

P  ?        ■      i 


ROMANAS   PARA  TODO   USO    INDUSTRIAL   Y  MERCANTIL 
Bennington   Scale   Company,    New    York 


18 


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THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


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19 


CARROS 
PARA 
CANA 

('(instruccionde  primc- 
"d  clase  enteratnentc 
fie  acero  6  en  parte  dv 
madera  seKunse  ilesea. 
Cualquier   taniann; 

cualquier  estil'). 
Tiposdede,scar},'ai-,  pm 

el  costado. 
Tipos  dedescar^^ar,  pill 

a  cabeza. 
Tipos  (lede.searKar,  coi 

i^rua. 


Para  mieles 
aceites  6  agua 


PLATAFORMAS 

Cualquier  tamano 
Cualquier  estilo 


CASILLAS 

Para  azucara  }' 
mercancias 


THE    GREGG    COMPANY,    Ltd 

80  Wall  Street,   New  York 

y 

Hackensack,     New     Jersey 


GREGG 

LA  CA.  GREGG   DE  CUBA 

OFICINA  Y  ALMACEN         CALLE  AGUIAR  118,  HABANA 


WM.  C.  GREGG,  Presidente  BURR  GREGG,  Vice-Presidente 

W.  G.  WOODSIDE,  Vocal  LOUIS  D.  GREGG,  Tesorero 

0.  T.  GREGG,  Secretario 

Tcnemos  ('.vidcncUi  comph-la  j/ara  emlmrqur  inmcdinto. 


20 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


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THE     CUBA     R  E  V  I  E  W 


21 


KoppeL 


FIRELESS  LOCOMOTIVES  AND  SUGAR  CANE  CARS 

Fireless,  smokeless,  sparkless  locomotives  for  switching  or  shifting. 

Sugar  cane  cars  all  types  and  sizes.  Also  steel  rails,  portable  track, 
switches,  frogs,  turntables,  and  complete  installations  of  Plantation 
Railways.     Write  jur  catalog  and  prices. 


PLANT:  KOPPEL,  PA. 


Cuban  Office:  Havana,  Lonja  del  Comcrcio,  217 

San  Domingo  Office:  Van  Kampen,  Schumacher  &  Co.,  San  Pedro  de  Macoris 

Porto  Rico  Office:  Fritze,  Lundt  &  Co.,  Succa.,  Inc.,  San  Juan 

Venezuela  Office:  Olavarrip  y  Royna,  Caracas 

New   York  Office.  30  Churcn  Street 


22 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


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THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


23 


PREPARE 
NOW 


FOR    YOUR 


REQUIREMENTS   OF 


SUGAR  BAG  SEWING  TWINE 


FOR    THE   COMING    SEASON 

We  recommend  the  use  of  our  Special  Twine  prepared 
especially  for  use  on  sugar  plantations  and  made  of 
fibres    which    can    be    exported    without     restrictions. 


M.  J.  GRADY  CO.,  Inc. 


110   READE   STREET 
NEW  YORK 


■.  \ 


Reel    of   Sewing   Twine 
WRITE  FOR  SAMPLES  AND  PRICES 


Cable    Address 
'GRADYARN,   NEW   YORK" 

We    also    have    a    full    line    of 

TWINES 
CORDAGE 
THREAD 
YARNS 


%/. 


A 


Manila    Rope 


24 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


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THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


25 


FABRICAMOS 


PUNTILLAS 


ALAMBRE    DE    POaS 


Puntillas   de   alambre   de   todas   clases 


Crampas   para  cerca   RAILES  LIGEROS 

Cerca   Tijida   de   alambre 
"SOUTHERN" 


10  BARS  49  INCH      HIGH 


Alambre    liso   galvanizado   Alambre 
templado 

Barras  de   hierro  dulce  para  toda  clase 
de   trabajos  de   herreria 

Barras     de     acero     cuadradas,    re- 
"iifj^cSoI?*  torcidas   en  frio,  para  reforzar 

concrete 


LYMAN    (Pattern) 
Alambre  de  Puas 


Garantizan-ios   la   superior   calidad   de  todas    nuestros   productos^ 

GVJLF     STATES     STEEL     COMPANY 

BIRMINGHAM,  ALABAMA.  ESTADOS  UXIDOS  DE  AMERICA 


Para  informes,  precios,  etc.,  dirigirse  a  nuestros  agentes 
RODRIGUEZ    Y    HERMANO    (P.O.  Box  13),    Santiago   de   Cuba,    Cuba 


I'l   (;  I J  li  A    \i  K  V  I  I-;  w 


t_,    vj  4-I    i~,    t-t    f~t    r^  -*-■    ^-^  ^j    "^ 


T  II  K    c  t;  V,  A    II  I.  V  1 1;  w 


nElL\C\/QsS     E.x-rE.\Mg>tOK 


.\Mo.\(i  rsi-i(s,  IN  c\'\'.\.  '»i 


SMITH    BOILERS 


Alii.    I  III,   I  nl.LOW  IXfJ: 


ALTO   CEDUO   SUGAR  CO. 
fJEXTIiAL   UNION 
CJEXTIIAL   I':.SPERANZA 

fxjxsTAXCUA  .si:g.\r  go. 

GlilAX-AMEIl.  SUGAR  CO. 
CI'PE^'    SUGAR    CO. 
CZ.\  I{XIKO\V-iaOXD.\   CO. 
DEUK'IAS   SUGAR   CO. 
'IlilXIOAO  SUGAR  CO. 


FRAXK    MrXlXXEV,    Esq. 
FRAXCISCO   SUGAR   CO. 
\L\NATI   SUGAR   CO. 
MERCEDITA   SUGAR  CO. 
SAX   VICEXTE   SUGAR   CO. 
SANCTI  SPIRITUS  E.  L.  &  P.  CO. 
TUIXUCC   SUGAR   CO. 
TIXGU'ARO   SUGAR   CO. 
MAI'OS  SUGAR   <"0. 


SAMUEL    SMITH    &   SON    CO 

PATERSON,   NEW  JERSEY,  U.S.A. 


ESTABLISHED  1844 


Cable  Address:   "SAMSMITH" 


28 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


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THE    CUBA    REV  IE  W 


23 


Be  Sure  It  Is  Lion  Packing 


'Lion"  Auto  Water  Automatic 
Packing 

HERE'S    WHY 


"Lion"    Expanding   Steam 
Packing 

HERE'S    WHY 


It's  too  good  to  escape  imitations.  The  "just  as  The  good  qualities  of_  both  fiber  and  metal  packing 
good"  plea  will  not  make  any  impression  on  you  if  '  are  combined  in  "Lion"  Packing.  You  get  the 
you  have  tried  Lion  Packing.  The  metal  studs,  ,  excellent  durability  of  metal  plus  the  flexabilityof 
which  are  found  only  in  Lion  Packing,  doubles  its    fiber.    It  expands  and  contracts  automatically  with 


life  and  at  the  same  time  absolutely  prevents  scoring 
of  the  rod. 


There   is   a  Thin   Red   Line  running  through 
Genuine  "Lion"  Packing.    Look  for  it. 


varying  pressure   of   steam   and   water.    It   never 
loses  its  "spring." 

A  Brass  Trade  Mark  Label  and  Seal  is  attached  to 
Genuine  "Lion"  Packings.     Look  for  it. 


JAMES  WALKER  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  27  Thames  St.,  N.  Y. 

J.  i  R.  Wilson,  Inc.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Sole  Western  Agents.  A.  B.  Johnson  Co..  134  Wesa  Main  St.,  Norfolk.  Va. 

Economic  Eagr.  &  S.  Co.,  4/'  Cliiton  Ave.,  N.,  Roohes;er,  N.  Y.  ^,J.  Reyner,  Newport  News,  Va. 

0.  C.  Kecklsy,  Transportation  Bldg.,  Chicago.  111. 


Romanas  Howe  de  suspension  para  guarapo  con  brazo 
de  registro  impresor  para  cualquier  tipo  de  peso.  Ameri- 
cano 6  Espaiial.     dial? 

Las  Romanas  Howe  para  guarapo  son  universalmente 
conocidas  y  usadas  por  lo  que  omitimos  aqui  detalles. 

Pidanse  precios  a  su  Agente  6  a 

THE  HOWE   SCALE  CO.    OF  NEW  YORK 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


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THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


31 


THE  NEW  JERSEY  ASBESTOS  CO. 


1  WATER  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


SPECIALISTS  IN 

ENGINE  PACKINGS 
Patent"V"PilotSteam  Packing 

recommended  for  high  pressure 
and  superheat  steam. 

"GLADIATOR"  ASBESTOS-METALLIC  GASKETS 

fur  high  j)ressure  steam. 


PHILADELPHIA 


BRANCHES: 

BALTIMORE 

ESTABLISHED    1894 


ALLENTOWN 


MI.  VERNON  CAR  MANUFACTURING  CO. 


MT.  VERNON.  ILLS.,  U.  S.  A. 


Fabricantes  de  Garros  de  Mercancias  de  todas  clases,  de  acero 
y  de  madera;  Garros  para  Gana;  Ruedas  de  Garro, 
Piezas  Fimdidas  y  Forjaduras 

Gapacidad  para  10,000  Garros,   150,000  Ruedas  y  20,000 
toneladas  de  Forjaduras  al  auo. 


32 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


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THECUBAREVIEW  33 


THERE  IS  IN  HIGHLY  SUCCESSFUL 
OPERATION  AT  PRESTON  (ORIENTE) 
CUBA,    IN   THE  NIPE   BAY   FACTORY    A 


1,500,000  GALLON  SANBORN 
QUADRUPLE  EFFECT 


This  is,  by  two  and  one-half  times,  the  larg- 
est capacity  and  is  performing  WOiNDERS 


Remember— SANBORN    EVAPORATORS 
invariably  have  capacity  guaranteed. 

Satisfy  yourself  as  to  the  wonderful  work 
they  do,  their  ease  in  cleaning  speed  in 
yielding  30°  Be.  syrup,  likewise  quick 
emptying  at  end  of  run,  and  then  buy  a 
SANBORN,  THE  BEST  EVAPORA- 
TOR MADE. 


SANBORN    EVAPORATOR  CO. 

79  Wall  Street,   New  York  City 


34  THECUBAREVIEW 


SUMMARY  OF  ACTIVE  PLANTATIONS  BY  PROVINCES 

OUTPUT  FIGURED  IN  BAGS 

Provinces                 European  Ownership     American  Ownership      Cuban  Ownership  Totals 

1916       Est.  1917         1916        Est.  1917         1916      Est.  1917  1916        Est.  1917 

Havana 1,623,026    1,63.5,000      475,638       475,000      467,611       .570,000  2,566,275    2,680,000 

PinardelRio 23,500        30,000       114,324       128,000       163,7.59      215,000  301,583'     373,000 

Matanzas 1,170,917    1,618,000    2,-504,282    2,763,000      766,989      84.5,000  4,442,188    5,226,000 

Santa  Clara 1,867,906    2,227,000    2,046,815    2,200,000    2,601,282    2,9.53,000  6,516,003    7,380,000 

Camaguey 1,947,688    2,295,000      394,317       870,000  2,341,905    3,165,000 

Orientl.'. 678,410       79.5,000    3,526,763    4,658,000      588,316      910,000  4,793,489    6,363,000 

Totals 5,363,759   6,305,000  10,615,510  12,519,000   4,982,174   6,363,000  20,961,443  25,187,000 

Total  e-^timate  1917  crop  modified,  as  per  note  page  16,  about  19,250,000  bags. 
N.ATIOMALITY  OF  OWNERS 


Havana 

PinardelRio.... 

Matanzas 

Santa  Clara 

Camaguey 

Oriente 

Total  1917. 
Total  1916. 


ipeanOvvnc 

srship 

Ams 

irican  Oivner 

ship 

Cuban  O^vhership 

Totals. 

9 

4 

8 

21 

1 

3 

5 

9 

15 

15 

10 

40 

21 

16 

36 

73 

0 

9 

12 

21 

11 

21 

10 

42 

57 
63 

68 
66 

81 
66 

206 
195 

THE  WORLD'S  SUGAR  PRODUCTION 


The  sugar  prod  iction  of  the  world  has  increased  amazingly  in  the  last  half  century,  bi.t  the 
production  has  been  no  more  amazing  than  the  mcrease  in  consumption. 

In  1870  the  production  of  cane  sugar  was  1,850,000  tons  and  of  beet  900,000— a  total  of 
2,750,000  tons. 

In  1914  it  was  9,8()5,016  tons  of  cane  and  8,908,470  tons  of  beet— a  total  of  18,773,486 
tons. 

The  crop  of  1916-17  is  estnnated  at  11,394,510  tons  of  cane  and  5,828,000  tons  of  beet— 
or  a  total  of  17,222,510  tons. 

Such  redviction  as  there  has  been  m  beet  production  has  been  mostly  in  Europe,  where 
the  Central  nations  depend  on  beet  sugar. 

Such  increase  in  cane  production  as  are  shown  must  l>e  credited  mostly  to  Latin- 
America — principally  Cuba. 

Sugar,  like  cotton,  seems  to  find  more  employment  the  more  there  is  of  it.  Less  than  a 
century  ago  it  was  practically  a  luxury.  Now  it  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  great  sta  Tes  of 
food.  The  world  would  have  a  sad  time  without  it.  Man  has  discovered  that  in  sugar  there  are 
energy,  heat  and  power-producing  qualities  superior  to  those  in  many  other  forms  of  food.  Ac- 
ceptance of  this  fact  lead  Great  Britain  early  in  the  war  to  hasten  to  safeguard  a  supply  of  sugar. 
Contracts  were  entered  into  for  large  quantities  of  Cuban  cane.  These  contracts  were  dupli- 
cated in  1916  and  will  be  renewed  in  1917,  "unless  the  war  ends  before  the  nation's  sugar  needs 
become  urgent.  The  British  have  drawn  freely  on  Trinidad,  Barbadoes,  Jamaica  and  other 
British  West  Indian  Isles  and  also  upon  British  India  (the  crop  of  which  approximates  2,500,000 
tons),  but  still  Cireat  Britain  ha.?  to  buy  from  .\mer'c  i.  The  total  exports  in  1916  to  Europe 
were  694,000  tons. 

It  is  manifest  that  man's  appetite  for  sugar  grows  with  the  years.  In  1965  the  per  capita 
consumption  of  sugar  in  the  United  States  was  18.17  lbs.  per  annum.  In  1915  it  was  86.00. 
We  may  think  the  Am.erican  consumption  great,  but  it  is  below  that  of  Australia,  which  in  1915 
was  100  lbs.  per  capita  per  annum. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


35 


Stiulonts  (if  I  lie  iii(l,i-;t  IV  declare  tliat  1t:e  iiroadeniiiK  u.sos  of  s'ligur  ;irp  only  well  under 
way  and  tluit  l)el"<)re  nian.N  yi-ars  tiie  ])c'i-  capita  eonsunijjtion  of  other  countries  will  appnjxi- 
mate  that  of  the  Ignited  vStates.  They  contend  that,  comixircd  witii  other  foods,  it  is  one  of  the 
cheai)est  and  that  it  is  K^inK  to  be  a  matter  of  production  and  not  consun'.ption  that  will 
bother  the  world  l)efore  loiif;;.  They  say,  too,  tliat  liie  end  of  tiu'  war  will  farnish  a  {greatly 
increased  demand  in  lOarojVe,  as  the  beet  supjar  indvistries  of  tiie  Central  Empires  have  not  been 
well  cutivated  in  the  ])eri()d  of  hostilities,  and  the  seed  matter  is  likely  to  ])laKiie  the  l)eet  farn)- 
ers.    Sujrar  st(K'ks  have  fallen  to  a  ver\  low  sta<>;e  and  will  retiuire  reijlenishinf.";. 

If  the  i)redietion  of  ti^.e  stvidents  that  the  i)r()l)lem  of  tlie  future  is  K'>i"K  f"  '«'  niorc  in 
producing  enoiigh  sugar  to  n^.eet  the  demand  rather  than  finding  a  good  market  for  the  an^.ount 
produced,  it  is  gonig  to  be  necessary  to  look  for  additional  good  territory  for  sugar  raising. 

Of  the  cane  districts  of  the  world  none  compares  with  fvuha. 

Of  the  other  West  Indies  islands,  Porto  Rico  ranks  next  to  (\i1)a,  but  Porto  Rico's  yield 
is  little  m.ore  than  one-eighth  of  that  of  Cuba. 

Tlie  Hawaiian  Islands  ])roduce  a  little  less  than  (iOO.OOO  tons  a  year,  or  al)out  IS'^  of 
what  Cuba  furnishes.     Hawaii  lias  about  reached  the  lim.it  of  its  ]iossibilities. 

The  croj)  of  Cuba  today  makes  up  practically  one-tiiird  of  the  caiu>  cro])  of  the  world,  and 
Cuba  has  not  reached  'ts  limit  l)v  anv  mean-;. 


I    I    i    • 


LoadinK    C'aiie   C'ar'ts    mvaitiiis    tlieir    tui'ii    at    tlie    !M  ill 


THE  SUGAR  REVIEW 


Specially  written  for  The  Cuba  Review  by  Willett  &  Gray,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Our  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  February  6,  1917. 

At  that  d.;te,  Cuba  Centrifugal  sugar  96°  test  basis,  was  quoted  at  'SJ'ic.  per  lb.  cost  and 
freight  (4.89c.  duty  paid).  The  quotation  of  3  13-16c.  c.  &  f.  (4.83c.  duty  pjidj  made  Feb.  2d 
h  IS  proven  the  lowest  point  of  the  present  camp  iign  year  tlius  far.  The  month  under  review 
has  been  notable  for  the  changes  made  from  day  to  day  as  follows:  Feb.  61  h,  SJ/gC.  c.  &  f. 
(4.89c.);  Feb.  9th,  4c.  c.  &  f.  (5.02c.) ;  Feb.  14th,  4^c.  c.  &  f.  (5.39c.);  Feb.  19th,  4)^0.  c.  &  f. 
(5.52c.);  Feb.23d,  4  3-16c.  c.&  f.  (5.20e.);  Feb.  24th,  4p.  c.  &  i  (5.02c.);  Feb.  27th,  41^0.  c.&f. 
(5  27c.) ,    March  1st,  4^e.  c.  &  t.  (5.39c.) ;    March  7th,  43/^r.  c.  &  f .  (5.27e.) 

Strike  condilions  at  several  refineries  have  continued  throughout  the  month,  but  show 
somewhat  of  an  improvement  at  this  writing.  For  this  re  .son  the  melting  of  raw  sugars  has 
been  curtailed  and  the  production  of  refined  has  been  very  far  below  the  requirements  of  the 
local  trade  for  domestic  consumption.  This  supply  for  home  use  has  been  further  curtailed  by 
largss  sales  for  export  made  the  latter  part  of  19x6,  for  shipmsnt  during  Janu  iry,  !March,  1 9 J  7, 
which  have  been  filled  bv  refiners. 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 

The  Ame^ic^^n  Sugar  Refining  Co.,  since  the  strike,  have  devoted  all  their  available  working 
capacity  to  supplying  the  domestic  trade,  but  their  output,  ovving  to  the  strikes,  has  been 
much  below  their  hill  capacity.  The  jjresent  signs  point  to  a  full  output,  however,  during  the 
coming  month,  which  will  warrant  their  becommg  much  larger  buyers  of  raws  for  April  and 
May   deliveries. 

Whatever  reaction  may  come  at  the  moment,  now  that  raws  can  be  bought  at  43^^c.  c  &  f . 
(5.27c.),  is  more  than  likely  to  be  followed  by  a  rising  course  again,  in  view  of  the  uncertain 
conditions  of  crops,  and  political  agitation  in  the  island  of  Cuba,  which  have  already  led  to 
reductions  in  Cuba  crop  estimates  to  3,000,000  tons.  This  estimated  reduction  does  not  mean 
an  eventual  shortage  of  supply  for  all  needs  of  the  United  States  and  foreign  countries,  as  our 
table  of  world  supplies  is  still  abundant  for  oil  needs  in  view  of  the  stringent  regulations  made 
to  reduce  consumption  in  European  countries. 

There  are  prophesies  being  made  that  the  Europ?an  war  will  be  fought  to  a  close  during 
the  next  six  month.  WILLETT    &  GRAY 

New  York,  March  7,  1917. 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 

Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willett  &  Gray,  dt  Nueva  York. 


Nuestra  ultima  reseha  para  esta  publicacion  estaba  fechada  el  6  de  febrero  de  1917. 

En  esa  fecha,  el  azucar  Centrifugo  de  Cuba,  polarizacion  de  96°,  se  cotizaba  a  3  J^c.  la 
iibra  costo  y  flete  (4.89c.  derechos  pagados).  La  cotizacion  de  3  1.3-16c.  c.  y  f.  (4.83c.  derechos 
pagados)  que  tavo  lugar  el  2  de  febrero  ha  sido  hasta  ahora  el  panto  mas  bajo  alcanzado  en  la 
actual  campana  azacarera  del  aho.  El  mes  bajo  resena  ha  sido  notable  por  los  cambios  que 
han  tenido  lugar  de  dia,  en  dia,  del  modo  siguiente:  febrero  6,  Z%c.  c.  y  f.  (4.89c.);  febrero  9,  4c. 

c.  y  f.  (5.02c.);  febrero  14,  43^c.  c.  y  f.  (5.39c.);  febrero  19,  4Mc.  c.  v  f.  (5.52c.);  febrero  23, 
4  3-16c.  c.  y  f.  (5.20c);  febrero  24,  4c.  c.  y  f.  (5.02c.);  febrero  27,  4Mc.  c.  y  f.  (5.27c.);  marzo 
1,  4^c.  c.  y  f.  (5.39c.;  y  marzo  7,  434c.  c.  y  f.  (5.27c.) 

Han  continuado  las  huelgas  durante  el  mes  en  algunas  refinerlas,  pero  al  escribir  esta 
resena  se  nota  alguna  mejoria  en  la  situacion.  Con  motivo  de  las  hvielgas  se  ha  reducido  la 
elaboracion  de  los  aziicares  crudos,  y  la  produccion  de  azucar  refinado  ha  sido  mucho  menor  de 
los  requerimientos  del  comercio  local  para  el  consumo  del  pais.  Este  abasto  para  el  uso  en  el 
pais  se  ha  reducido  aun  mas  por  las  grandes  ventas  para  la  exportacion  hechas  a  liltimos  del 
ano  1916,  para  embarque  durante  enero  y  marzo  de  1917,  y  que  han  sido  efectuadas  por  los 
refinadores. 

Desde  que  empezo  la  huelga  la  American  Sugar  Refining  Company  ha  dedicado  toda  su 
capacidad  trabajadora  disponible  para  surtir  el  comercio  del  pais,  pero  su  produccion,  debido 

d,  las  heulgas,  ha  sido  mucho  menor  de  su  capacidad  por  entero.  Los  indicios  al  presente,  sin 
embargo,  indican  un  campleto  abasto  durante  el  me?  entrante,  lo  cjal  asegura  que  sean  com- 
pradores  de  mucho  mas  azucar  crudo  para  entregas  de  abril  y  mayo. 

Culaquiera  que  sea  la  reaccion  que  pueda  sobrevenir  por  el  momento,  ahora  que  los 
aziicares  crudos  pueden  comprarse  a  4i^c.  c.  y  f.  (5.27c.),  es  mas  que  probable  que  vuelva  A 
ser  seguido  de  un  alza  en  los  precios,  en  vista  del  estado  tan  incierto  de  las  cosechas,  asl  como 
de  la  agitacion  politica  en  la  isla  de  Cab?,  lo  cual  ya  ha  ocasionado  reducciones  en  los  calculos 
de  la  zafra  de  Cuba  a  3,000,000  toneladas.  Este  calcalo  en  la  reduccion  de  la  zafra  no  quiere 
decir  una  merma  eventual  en  las  existencias  para  surtir  todas  las  necesidades  de  los  Estados 
Unidos  y  los  palses  extranjeros,  pues  segiin  nuestros  calculos,  las  existencias  del  mundo  son  aiin 
abundantes  para  cubrir  todas  las  necesidades  en  vista  de  las  medidas  tan  rigidas  que  se  han 
tomado  para  reducir  el  consumo  dei  azucar  en  los  palses  europeos. 

Se  pronostica  que  la  guerra  europea  llegara  a  su  fin  durante  los  seis  meses  entrantes. 

WILLETT  &  GR.\Y 

Nueva  York,  marzo  7  de  1917. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


37 


Cable  Address  "Turnure" 


New  York— S4— 6G  Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi- 
dends and  Interest.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 
Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 
and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 


HAVANA— N.  GelaU  y  Ca. 

PUERTO  RICO — Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto  Rico 


LONIXJN — The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 
PARIS — Heine  et  Cie. 


PYREX  LABORATORY  GLASSWARE 


<^. 


im 


Pyrex  Glass — a  new  borosilicate  glass  possessing  an  extraordinarilv  low  expansun 
coefficient,  0.0000032,  and  great  resistance  to  sudden  temjierature  changes. 

Chemical  stability  tests  show  Pyrex  glass  to  be  less  soluble  in  water  and  acids  and 
about  equally  soluble  in  alkalis,  compared  with  the  best  resistance  glass,  either  .\merican 
or  foreign,  hithertofore  ofTered.  The  glass  contains  no  metals  of  the  magnesia-lime-zinc 
group  and  no  heavy  metals. 

The  low  e.vpansion  coefficent  makes  it  possible  to  make  Pjtcx  beakers  and  flasks  w^th 
wall  slightly  thicVer  than  usual— t.iis  greatly  increases  the  durability  of  the  vessels  without 
diminishing  the  resistance  to  sudden  heating  and  cooling. 

Descriptive   Price   List    Upon   Request 


EIMER  &  AMEND 


NEW    YORK   CITY 


PITTSBURGH,   PA. 


OTTAWA,    CAN 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 

P.  O.   BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 


We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


R 


28-24  in.    GAGE,    8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom   Gondola 
ALL     STEEL     CONSTRUCTION 

Length   19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10  Tons. 
Weight  7, .500  lbs. 

FIRST-CLASS    CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe   Flat  Cars 
PROMPT  SHIPMENT       .-.      LOW  PRICE 

RAILS,      LOCOMOTIVES,      CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 

VALTER  A^ZELNICrtER  SUPPLY  COMPANY    J^ 

i.i.iiioi%ii.niv 


325    Locust    St.,        St.   Louis,   Mo. 


38 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of    Ingenios 
and   Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


Cane    Handling  Machinery, 

Hoisting  &  Excavating  Machinery, 

Skandia  Oil   Engines 

H.    S.    JOHANNSEN 

50   CHURCH   STREET         -  -         NEW  YORK 

EXPORTERS  &  IMPORTERS         PURCHASING  &  SALES  ENGINEERS 


C'alil;' Add' 


'Hcsiiii.ji),   Now  York." 


'lMi(iiu>,    ('oit.    34(12 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 

1  WALL  ST.,  NEW  YORK 

RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  ■  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.  A.    MERCHANT 
J.  T.   MONAHAN 
CHAS.   F.   PLARRE 
L.   G.  JONES     - 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.  Cashier 


Pedro   Pablo    Diago  Guillermo   Carricaburu 

LOUIS    V.    PLACE   CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP     BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,   Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:   "PLACfi" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET         .-.  NEW     YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::  $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sample  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Please  msntion  THE  CUBA    REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


THECUBAREVIEW  39 


POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

y^  w   J     »    my    jk      f    Jt    VT'     Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL    STATION   from 
(jU/\i^/\.J  A   I  5  A.M.   to  8  P.M.        Last  train  11.20  P.M. 

Fare,  55  Cents 

g^      I   T      I     RT     T^      C  Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL  STATION   from 

Cj     LJ      1     IN      111     O  5.50  A.M.  to  7.50  P.M.     Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 

Fare,  80  Cents  Round  Trip,  $1.50. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) •'  ••  ■    ^0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Cabafias  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brass 

Castings.     Light  and  Heavy  Forgings.     All  kinds  of  Machinery  Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.   KLINQ,   Prop.  MORTI  F       ALA 

JAS.  S.  BOQUE,  Supt.  MUCILH,     ALA. 


OILS,   GREASES        A.    C.    FABRICIUS    1  ACEITES,  GRASAS 

and  other  '  '  O  ^  °''°*    "^  ' 

OIL  PRODUCTS     I  82-92  Beaver  St.  Productos  de  Aceite 

New  York,  N.    Y.  Marca  -Zander" 

manufacturados     de  j  los    me- 
Cable— Fabriciusa    Se  Busca    Agentes       jores  aceites    de    Pennsylvania 


of  the  famous  "Zander"  brand 
made  of  the  best  Pennsylvania 
Oil. 


Telephone.  33  Hamilton.     Night  Call.  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:     "Abiworka."  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  ForginKi.Iron  and  Braas  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation.   Oil  Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter   and   Joiner    Work 

18-20  SUMMIT  STREET  I  ^j         Hamilton  F.rry  BROOKLYN,  N.   Y. 

11-17  I MLAY  STREET       /  N««r  Hamilton  r.rry 

Acents  for  "Kinthorn"  Multiplex  Valva 


FUase  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE 


TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 


CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Correapondanc*  Solicited  from 
intandlns       InTaatora 

OFFICERS 

Norman  H.  Davii      .     -     .     -     .     President 
Oswald  A.  Horniby   -     -     -     -  Vice-President 

Claudio  G.  Mendoza       -     -     -  Vice-President 
J.  M.  Hopgood     ------    Treasurer 

Rogelio  Carba]al  ------     Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner    -     -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Dept. 


P.    RUIZ 

® 

BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

Ventilador  y  Soplador  scoplado  a 
Turbinas  Lee   "Corliss"  especialmente  para 
Hornos  de  Bagazo  Verde 

LEE  TURBINE  CO.,  106  Wall  St. 

H.   F.  RUGGLES,   106  Wall  St.,   N.   Y. 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADIJ    EN   1SG9 

Capital  Pagado $11 ,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Active  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  Sts. 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales   en   Cuba 

Corresponaales  en  Espafia  6  Islas  Canarias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

d    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeros  en  Libras 

Esterlinas   6   Pesetas,    valederas   estas   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la   Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -      -      -      OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
U.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established    1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All   Principal  Places  of  the   Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Aniargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi= 
ness — Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 


Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  GONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable  Address,   "Tide,  New   York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  wnting  to  Advertiser 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1 

P.  M.  P.  M. 


No.l7  No.  3  No.  7  No.  5   js 

P.  M.  P.  iM.  A.  M.  A.  M.   S 


10.30  10.00 
A.  iM. 
112.06 
4.40 


9.00 
10.55 


*. 

'i 

A. 

17 
M. 

5.28 


8.50 

10.20 

P.  M. 

1.00 

10.00 
11.00 


P.  M 


5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 


3.10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.  M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.  M 

3.00 

3.30 


P.  M. 


Havana 


INo.  2  No.18  No.  4  No.  8 
A.M.  A.M.  P.  M.  P.  M. 


10.01    7.40 


Lv .  .  Central  Station . .  Ar. 


11.58 
2.18 


10.10    58  Ar. 
12.33  109  kv. 


.  .  .Matanzas. 
. .  .  Cardenas . 


.Lv. 
.Lv. 


4.40 
8.40 


179  Ar. 
230  At. 


6.45 

P.  M. 


3.38 
6.45 


6.40 
8.00 


10.30 
P.M. 


180  Ar. 
195  .\r. 

241  Ar. 

276  Ar . 

340  .\r. 


. . Sagua 

.  Caibarien . .  . . 

. .  Santa  Clara.  .  . 
.  .  Cienf  uegos . . . . 


.Lv. 
.Lv. 


Lv. 
Lv. 


.520  Ar. 
.538  Ar. 


.SanctiSpiritus.  . 
.Ciegode  Avila.  . 
. .  .Camaguey.  .  .  . 


....  Antilla 

Santiago  de  Cuba. 


7.361  9.13i  2.06 


5.31  6.4512.00 
12.45  5.00  9.12 
P.  M.  A.  M. 

8.00 

5.301 

A.  M 


12.10 


P.M. 
8.25 


7.35  .. 

I 
4.55!.. 
A.M.: 
7.40 
6.55'., 


A.M. 


6.20 


6.39 


4.44 
1.05 


12.00 
8.20 


8.00 
A.M. 


No.  6  No. 10 
P.M.  A..M. 


9.051  6.20 


6.28' 
4.25 


1.55 
P.M.; 
11.20; 

2.30 
2.00 


P.M.I 


1.00 


9.15 

8.48 


10.00 
P.  M. 


6.15 
A.M. 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


FTom  Havana  to  Berth  Compartment. 

Cienf  uegos $3.00                   .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00               $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50                10.00 

Antilla 5.00                14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00                 14.00 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 

THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


Antilla 

Batabano 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Ciego  de  Avila. 

Cienfuegos 

Colon 

Guantanamo . . , 
Holguin 


U.  S.  Cy. 
$23.33 

1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines 

Madruga 

Mansanillo 

Matanzas 

Placetas 

Remedios 

Sagua 

San  Antonio 

Sancti  Spiritus. . . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S.  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  pri\'ilege  ia  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 


"WEEK=END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  '^WEEK-END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Send  three  oenta  in  stamps  for  "Cuba— A  Winter  Paradiae,"  a  beau-    ITnifpJ    Railurav*    ftf     HavaiM 
tiful  illustrated  booklet  describing   interesting  trips    in  Cuba  to     ^JHUea    IVaUWayS    OI     nSVaiM 
FRANK   ROBERTS,  General  Passenger  Agent.  Prado,   118,   Havtma,   Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET,  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Importacion    directa    de    todas    los 
centros   inanufaclureros   del   mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espaiia 
Independencia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS.   CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 

OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

112      Wall      Street,      New     York 

Near   South  Street 

Yard:  56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 

Telephones : 

Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING   ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
Piers,  Bridges,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


We  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all   classes    of    contracting    work    in    Cuba. 

New   York  Office: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana   Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Muiiro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,   New    York 
Telephone,  2492  South 


Teleplione 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 
Maritime    Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar  Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  puah  the  iale»  of 

American  high  data  producte.    Would 

rtpretent  a  firtt  close  firm 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 


M.  J.  CABANA 


CO  M  M  I88IO  N 
MERCHANT 


P.  O.  Box  3,  Camaguey 

Handles  all  lines  of  merohandise  either  on  a  {loin- 
mission  basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  east- 
em  Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoilsf 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  MiobelMB 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

StsamshipAgents&ShipBrokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

CahU:   "£«nMM«" 


Pleaae  menUon  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertiteri 


THE     CUBA     IM;  \    I  V.  \\ 


S.S.   MUNAMAR 

NEW  YORK  CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER  AND  FREIGHT 

New  York  Matanzas           Matanzas  New  York 

Steamer                                  Leave  Arrive                  Leave  Arrive 

MUNAMAR March   31  April      4            April      7  April    11 

MUNAMAR April      14  April    IS             April    21  April    2o 

FREIGHT   ONLY 

Rpsular  sailings  for  Mata7izas,  Cardejias,  .Sdgua,  Caibarien,  Antilla,  Niiovitas,  Pto 
Padre,  Gibara,  Maraati  and  Banes. 

MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

SS.  MUNPLACE— //cmna,  Matanzas,  Cardeiui.s,  Cirjifiicgns April  fi 

A  STEAMER— //o?Yrr?.a,  Caiharien April  1 3 

SS.  MI'NISLA— //a/Y//(Y7,  Matanzas,  Sagua April  20 

A  STEAMER— //^/Y;//y^  Cardenas,  Cailiarien April  27 

MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAINIER Ajml  2.5th,  for  Montevide.),  Buenos  Aires 

BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER ^I'"!  o  and  19 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports  of  call 

without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW' 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904=1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating     tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

AVILMINGTON,    DEL. 


S.   MORRIS  LILLIE,   President 


Grand  Prize  awarded  for  Locomotives  at  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  Furnished  on  Application 
REPRESENTATIVES     FOR    THE     WEST     INDIES: 

WALUCE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable  Addresses:  "BALDWIN.    PHILADELPHIA,"   "LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


PUaae  mention  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertiaert 


\^,)5 


THE 


CVBA  REVIEW 


"^'f.      .-f 


llfllfllPi  x,,i^^J3 


''H?$ilr?tbf' 


'^'m 


l.OOAYear      APRIL  1917      lOCentsACopy 
\iblishe(l  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line  8Z-92  Beaver  Street,  New%k  City. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Link-Belt 
SilentChain  ililif 

':,i,tiii!t>>"i"""-  )j  & 


.IW'" 


Y 


till, 

iniii 

^lllm 


THE     IDEAL     DRIVE     FOR 
SUGAR  MILL  MACHINERY 

''OU   CAN   connect   your  engine  or 

electric   motor  to  lireshaft  or  individual  ma- 
chine, and  attain  a  transmission  efficiency  of 
over  9S%.    The  drive  is  positive,  cannot  slip, 
and  operates  equally  well   in  hot,  cold,  damp  ; 

or  oily  places. 

Link-Belt    Silent   Chain    is 
"Flexible  as  a  Belt— Positive  as  a  Gear 
—More    Efficient     than    Either."       It 
operates  on  short  or  long 
centers,  and  affords  wide  -.-;--;=;'' 

ranges  of  speed  ratios. 

Write  for  Data 

Book  No.  125,  which  ex- 
plains all  about  Silent 
Chain  Drives,  showing 
how  to  figure  them,  and 
to  determine  prices. 


itiiin 
iiinii 
iltinii 


'&"/,:::■■■'':.■::■:'' 


^;;;^r 


iBBPf;;,';"".?  A 


Link-Belt  Company 


299    BROADWAY 
NEW    YORK 


JAMES  M.  MOTLEY 


71  BEAVER  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


Cable  Address:  JAMOTLEY,  New  York 

(All  codes  used) 

RAIL  AND  FASTENINGS 
FROGS  AND  SWITCHES 

CARS 
BOILERS,  TANKS,  PUMPS 


Direccion  Cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New  York 

(Usamos  todas  las  claves) 

RIELES  Y  ASEGURADORES 

RANAS  Y  CAMBIAVIAS 

VAGONES 

CALDERAS,  TANQUES,  BOMBAS 


Insist  upon 
Walker's   "LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"Lion"  Brass  Trade  Mark  Labels  and  Seals  attached. 


SS^ripdve^cataiog  Jamcs  Walkcf  &  Company,  Ltd. 

27   THAMES   STREET,    NEW    YORK   CITY 

,  Sole   Agent   for   Cuba 

JOSE    L.    VIJLLAAMIL 

Santa     Clara     2Q,     Havana,     Cuba 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


r^ARROQ    P'^'*'^  Tonos   usos  y  de  todos  tamafios,   de  los  para  cana  con   cuatro     ruedas  y  capa- 

^/\r*IvV-liJ    cidad  de    1  ^4    toneladas  a  los  con  jucgos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toneladas 

Hacemos    una    cspecialidad    de    juegos    de    lierrajcs,    incluyendo    los   jiiegos 

de  ruedas,  completameiite  armados,  con   todas  las  piezas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

cvmplctos    para    cunslnnr    lus    carros    a    sii    dcstino    dc    mad?ras    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cable  Address: 
Ramamam 


HOLBROOK   TOWING    LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 

""'fs^ls-S'       SOUTH  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A.      S'Z7:t 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 

SUGARS 


RAW  AND 
REFINED 


82  WALL  STREET,   NEW   YORK 

Publishers  of  Daily  and  Weekly   Statistical   Sugar  Trade  Journal— the  recognized  authority  of  the  trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET   ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensena  uno  de  nuestroa  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cana. 

Tenemos  otros  tipos  de  capaoidadea  varias  y  hemes  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carros  para  cafia  para 
U80  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  Amferica-Central  y  Mexico,  que  tienen  jaules  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
struidas  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cana. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.U.A. 

Direcci6n  telegrdfica:     NALLIM,  New  York.  Produccidn  annual  de  mds  de   100,000  carrot. 

Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B.  CINTAS,  Oficios  29-31,  Havana. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


FOR  MOLASSES  USE 


MATERIAL 
FABRICATED 


Offic*  in  Tulsa, 
Oklahoma,   Gallais  Bldg. 

2728  Whitehall  BuUdlng 
NEW  YORK 


STEEL  TANKS 


COMPLETE 
OR  ERECTED 

Los  Angeles  Office 

414   Grosse  Building 

Spring  &  Sixth 

Agent*  in  Cuba: 
ELLIS  BROTHERS 

28  San  Igaacio,  Havana,  Cuba 


BUILT  BY 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


IMPORTS  AND   EXPORTS 

Total  values  of  merchandise  imported  from,  and  exported  to,  each  of  the  principal  countries 
during  December  and  the  12  months  ended  December,  19 IG,  compared  with  corresponding 
periods  of  the  preceding  year  have  been  made  public  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Commerce  of  the  Department  of  Commerce,  as  follows: 

Month  of  December.      12  months  ended  December 
1916  1915  1916  1915 

Imports  from  Cuba $9,108,597        $10,058,884      $243,728,770      $197,548,146 

Exports  to  Cuba $18,781,230        $11,926,832      $164,622,950        $95,750,004 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  M 
5  15 


P  M 


P  M 
2  55 
4  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
P  M 


P  M 
2  15 
4  15 


PM 


AM 
10  r 
12  15 


PM 


AM 
6  55 
8  33 

10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
P  M 


A  M 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 

AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .Ar. 

Ar Artemisa Lv. 

Ar Paso  Real Lv. 

Ar Herradura Lv. 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio ....  Lv. 

Ar Guane Lv. 


Fare 
3dcl 
$1.10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 


AM 
7  49 
5  45 


AM 


AM 
11,09 
9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 


AM 
11  47 
9  45 


AM 


P  M 
3  49 
1  45 


P  M 
6  47 
4  45 


P  M 


P  M 
7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
6  38  3  00 
3  001  30 
P  MiP  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho  Boyeros 15  cts. 

Calabazar 10  "       {  Santiago  de  las  Vegas    ....     20   " 

Rincon 25  cts. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

A  RE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
■^*-  Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


Please  Mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  uhen  Writing  to  Advertisers. 


THE  CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An  Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92  Beaver  Street,  New  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,      Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 

$1.00  Per  Year         -------10  Cents  Single  Copy 

Advertising  Rates  on  Application 

Vol.  XV  APRIL.  1917  No.  5 

Contents  of  This  Number 


Cover  Page — 'Entrance  to  a  Farm  in  Oricntc,  Cuba 
Frontispiepo — Scenes  at  Nuevitas. 


Page 


All  Arnunfl  Cuba: 

American  Bourse 12 

Banes  Water  Supply 8 

Felton 12 

Medical  Congress 12 

North  Coast  Railroad 12 

Nuevitas S 

Stock  Raising  in  Cuba S 

Apiculture  in  Cuba 34 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

American  Textiles 23 

Auger  Bits 22 

Construction  Work 23,  24 

Fruit  Trade 22 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

American  Sugar  Refining  Company  Report 21,  22 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company 20 

New  Niquero  Sugar  Company 20 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Securities 20 

Traffic  Receips  of  Cuban  Railroads 19,20 

Cuban    Government  Matters: 

Germany " 

Postal  Service 7 

President's  Message 7 


Estacion  Central  Agronomica,  illustrated '  .  .  13,    14,    1"),    10 

Port  Improvements  at  Nuevitas,  chart 1(1,11 

Publications  Received 18 

Spineless  Cactus,  illustrated 17,   IS 

Sugar  Industry: 

British  Sugar  Trade  in  1910 29,   30,   31,    32,  33 

Chart  of  Exports  from  Cuba 33 

Cuban  Sugar  Crop 28 

El  Soledad  Plantation,  illustrated 25,    26,  27 

Preston 28 

St.  Croix 28 

Standard  Scale 27 

Sugar  Consumption  in  the  United  States 27 

Sugar  in  England 28 

Sugar  Production 34 

Sugar  Review,  English 35 

Sugar  Review,  Spanish 36 

Travelling  in  Cuba  during  the  Insurrection 9,   10 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Scenes  at   Nuevitas  after  the   Occupation  of  the   Insurgents — See  article  page  9 . 


THE, 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL   A I '.OUT   CUBA" 

Copyright,   1917,  by  the  Munaon  Steamship  Line 


Volume   XV 


APRIL,  1917 


Number    5 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


GERMANY 

On  Fritlay,  April  6th,  Presulent  !Menocal 
sent  a  message  to  the  Cuban  Congress  in  which 
he  advocated  the  passage  of  a  resolution  de- 
claring that  a  state  of  war  existed  between 
Cuba  and  Germany,  and  on  Saturday,  April 
7th,  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
declared  that  a  state  of  war  existed  between 
Cuba  and  Germany. 

Immediate  steps  were  taken  to  secvu'e  the 
German  ships  in  Cuban  waters,  and  in  Havana 
representatives  of  the  Cuban  Government 
took  possession  of  the  steamers,  Adelheid, 
Bavaria,  Kydonia,  Olivant,  and  in  Cien- 
fuegos,  of  the  steamer  Constantia. 

The  army  of  Cuba  consists  of  10,000  well- 
drilled  and  well-equipped  men  and  the  na\'y' 
comprises  a  number  of  gunboats. 


PRESIDENT  MENOCAL'S  MESSAGE 

At  the  beginning  of  the  new  session  of  the 
Cuban  Congress,  April  2,  President  Menocal 
sent  a  message  which  outlined  the  general  situ- 
ation of  the  country,  annoimcing  that  the 
revolt  had  been  crushed  and  also  commending 
the  attitude  assumed  by  the  United  States  in 
upholding  the  constituted  government  of 
Cuba.  President  INIenocal  also  paid  tribut  to 
the  patriotic  services  of  the  army  and  of  the 
navy. 

The  presidential  message  is  quite  compre- 
hensive and  it  reviews  the  work  of  the  various 
departments  and  also  makes  various  recom- 
mendations.   The  president  recommends  the 


establishment  at  once  of  two  hospitals,  one  at 
Santa  Clara  and  one  at  Santiago  de  Cuba. 
The  President  further  recommends  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  regimental  field  hospital  in  each 
military  district.  An  increase  in  salary  is 
recommended  for  the  members  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Sanitation,  the  skill  and  medical 
knowledge  required  for  this  work  fully^war- 
ranting  additional  remuneration. 

The  President  commented  on  the  remark- 
able state  of  prosperity  which  existed  in  Cuba 
immediately  prior  to  the  revolt,  and  he  pre- 
dicted that  after  public  order  had  been  com- 
pletely restored,  Cuba  would  be  again  rich 
and    prosperous. 


POSTAL  SERVICE  ECUADOR  AND  CUBA 

Arrangements  have  been  completed  for  a 
direct  mail  service  between  Ecuador  and  Cuba 
which  will  occupy  10  days  instead  of  25  days 
as  heretofore.  Formerly  all  mail  matter  des- 
tined for  Cuba  pa.ssed  to  the  United  States, 
and  was  then  forwarded  in  United  States  mail 
pouches;  whereas  under  the  new  service 
pouches  will  be  marked  via  Colon  for  Habana 
direct. 


APPROPRIATION  FOR  SANITATION 

The  Cuban  Government  has  authorized  an 
expenditure  of  $30,000  for  sanitation  in  the 
city  of  Habana,  and  for  repairs  in  the  hospi- 
tals of  Sagua  and  of  Cardenas,  in  accordance 
with  a  decree  in  the  Bolelin  Oficial  de  la 
Secretaria  de  Hacienda. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


BANES  WATER  SUPPLY 

Tlie  present  sai)ply  of  water  for  the  town 
of  Banes  and  the  siifrar  mill  is  inadequate  and 
not  satisfactory,  owing  to  the  hardness  of  the 
water,  and  on  this  account  the  I'nited  Fruit 
Company  has  arranged  for  an  expenditure 
of  approximately  $100,000  to  secure  an 
additional  supply  of  water  and  improve  the 
present  system.. 

The  work  of  laying  the  pipe  line  has  been 
started,  and  it  is  planned  to  lay  a  line  of  six 
inch  pipe  for  a  distance  of  three  and  one-half 
miles  from  the  Jagueyez  river  in  the  hills 
near  Banes,  where  a  good  supply  of  excellent 
water  can  be  obtained,  and  build  a  pumping 
station  and  softening  plant  in  the  city  of 
Banes,  also  a  reservoir  with  a  capacity  of 
one  million  gallons.  The  route  of  the  pipe 
line  has  been  surveyed  so  as  to  permit  the 
flow  of  water  by  its  own  gravity  to  the 
reservoir,  from  which  point  it  is  pumped  to 
the  mill  and  passes  through  the  softening 
plant  where  it  is  softened  by  a  lime  treatment 
and  is  ready  for  use. 

The  proposed  pipe  line  will  require  the 
laying  of  tw^eive  miles  of  a  special  flexible 
joint  cast  iron  pipe  of  eight,  six  and  four- 
inch  sizes,  and  when  completed  in  from  three 
to  six  months,  will  give  the  Banes  section  an 
unlimited  supply  of  excellent  water.  J      '   j 


STOCK    RAISING    IN    CUBA 

The  high  price  of  sugar  that  followed  the 
outbreak  of  the  European  war  influenced  many 
Cuban  planters  to  plant  in  sugar  cane  large 
tracts  of  grazing  land.  There  are  still  left 
in  the  island,  however,  thousands  of  acres 
of  land  suitable  for  stock  raising,  and  if 
sown  with  grasses  and  forage  plants  these 
lands,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Cuban  Agricul- 
tural Department,  quoted  by  the  Camara  de 
Comer cio  in  its  Boletin  Oficial,  would  yield 
returns  quite  as  profitable  as  those  devoted 
to  sugar  cane. 

Two  pasture  grasses  were  imported  into 
*  the  countn,'  some  years  ago,  the  Parana  from 
Argentina,  and  the  Guinea  grass  from  the 
west  coast  of  -Vfrica,  and  they  have  proved 
-well  adapted  to  the  climate  and  soil  of  Cuba. 
It  is  estimated  that  100  acres  in  either  of 
these  grasses  w'ill  pasture  from  50  to  70  head 
of  cattle  in  a  year.  Alfalfa  has  been  intro- 
duced into  the  island,  and  when  the  soil  is 


inoculated  with  alfalfa  bacteria,  it  thrives. 
The  Province  of  Camaguey  is  noted  for  its 
fine  pasture  lands.  Oriente  and  Las  Vegas 
are  also  rich  in  grass  lands,  though  in  these 
Provinces,  as  in  Habana  and  Mat  anzas,  good 
lands  are  held  at  very  high  prices.  In  Pinar 
del  Rio  there  are  grazing  lands  offered  at  $20 
to  $40  an  acre,  which,  under  proper  manage- 
ment, would  yield  a  profit  of  20  to  40  per  cent 
on  the  investment. 

High-grade  cattle  have  been  imported  into 
the  island  during  recent  years,  and  the  native 
herds  are  being  rapidly  improved.  The  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  has  registered  a  total 
of  4,000,000  cattle  in  the  country.  Cuba  is 
said  to  be  well  adapted  for  raising  horses  and 
mules,  and  American  breeds  introduced  in 
the  island  thrive  as  at  home.  The  native 
Cuban  horses  are  of  Arabian  stock,  intro- 
duced during  the  Spanish  conquest,  and  they 
are  much  valuedfor  their  great  endurance. 


NUEVITAS 

The  construction  on  the  Xuevitas  terminal 
has  progressed  finely  during  the  last  few  weeks. 
\^'orkmen  have  started  excavating  for  the 
foundation  of  one  of  the  large  steel  molasses 
tanks  at  Pastiila.  There  will  be  four  of  these, 
each  having  a  capacity  of  750,000  gallons  or 
3,000,000  gahons  in  all,  and  one  of  them  will 
probably  be  ready  for  use  this  season. 

There  will  be  eight  warehouses  erected, 
about  450  feet  long  and  100  feet  wide.  One 
of  these  is  practically  completed,  and  another 
more  than  haU  done. 

One  of  the  warehouses  for  incoming  freight 
at  the  end  of  the  main  dock  is  well  under  way. 
There  wih  be  two  of  these,  each  about  400  by 
60  feet,  one  on  each  side  of  the  dock,  with  a 
track  between.  Above  this  dock  a  lorg  break- 
water will  be  constructed  to  break  the  force 
of  the  waves  which  at  times  rur  quite  high. 
Considerable  dredging  will  be  done  here  to 
give  sufficient  water  for  large  vessels  to  land 
at  the  dock. 

The  last  trestle  just  above  the  eld  cattle 
dock  is  nearly  finished,  and  when  this  is  done, 
it  will  be  possible  to  run  trains  direct  trom 
Nuevitas  to  Pastiila,  although  there  is  a  large 
amount  of  cutting  and  filling  to  be  done  be- 
fore the  permanent  line  can  be  laid.  Another 
locomotive  and  a  piledriver  have  been  brought 
out  to  hasten  the  vrork.^From  The  Cuban 
American. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


The  Cnba  Ret'iew  is  inclchtod  to  a  contri- 
butor, who  requests  that  liis  name  be  with- 
held, for  the  account  that  follows  of  a  journey 
through  the  Eastern  part  of  ("uha(hn-ing  the 
recent  jiolitical  (listur])ances.  The  ilUistra- 
tions  on  i)age  (i  give  a  very  striking  impression 
of  what  occurroil  in  tlie  town  of  Xucvitas. 

JOURNF.Y   FROM    HABANA  TO  GUANTANAMO 
MARCH.    1917 

Started  by  rail,  as  usually  the  entire  journey 
is  (lone  by  rail  in  twenty-four  hours,  ^i'rain 
stopped  eight  hours  after  leaving  Habana 
because  main  line  bridges  were  all  down  l)e- 
yond  Santa  Clara.  Train  made  a  detour  ami 
finally  landed  us  at  Caibarien  March  3(1. 

Next  day  secured  a  motor  boat  with  which 
to  continue  the  journey  from  Caibarien  east- 
ward on  the  north  coast.  Railroad  bridges 
and  plantations  near  Caibarien  were  being 
biu-ned  that  day,  as  we  could  see.  There  we 
were  urged  to  start  at  midnight,  the  owner 
of  the  little  motor  boat  fearing  that  rebels 
would  prohibit  our  starting  next  day. 

Motor  broke  down  after  one  hour.  iVIade 
repairs  as  possible  and  proceeded.  Reached 
Punta  Alegre,  a  new  sugar  mill,  38  miles  from 
Caibarien,  in  19  hours.  Spent  the  night  there, 
making  further  repairs  with  help  of  sugar  fac- 
tory mechanics. 

Started  again  5  a.  m.  next  day.  Covered 
about  80  miles,  reaching  a  narrow  passage  be- 
tween islands  by  5  p.m.  Grounded — -water  in 
the  place  being  only  15  inches,  while  our  motor 
boat  drew  23  in.  Another  sloop  grounded  at 
same  place  and  two  small  open  cat-boats  an- 
chored at  sunset,  fearing  that  they  could 
not  pass  the  narrow  channel  at  night. 
Lucky  for  us  there  was  a  group  of  boats  to- 
gether there. 

During  that  night,  by  full  moonlight,  6  sail 
boats  and  2  motor-boats  full  of  rebels  came 
through  the  channel,  going  westward  toward 
Caibarien,  probably  fleeing  from  Camaguey, 
which  the  (Jovernment  had  just  captured. 

Next  morning  deserted  the  motor  boat, 
hired  one  of  the  little  cat-boats,  got  through 
the  passage  and  by  2  p.  m.  reached  Punta 
Piloto,  landing  place  of  "  La  Gloria,"  an 
American  fruit  colony.  Met  a  four-horse 
American  Studebaker  wagon  bringing  down  a 
load  of  5,000  oranges  for  shipment  by  cat-boat 
to  Caibarien.  Got  driver  to  take  us  inland, 
but  were  stopped  after  four  miles  by  Ameri- 
cans from     "La  Gloria,"  stating  further  pro- 


gress impossible,  on  account  of  a  band  of  250 
armed  rebels  blocking  the  road  from  "I^a 
Cdoria"  to  Camaguey  City,  our  destination. 
Were  driven  back  to  the  coast.  Sjjent  night 
in  the  kitchen  of  the  orange  shipper  at  Punta 
Piloto. 

Next  morning  secured  another  little  boat 
and  .sailed  to  a  point  two  miles  from  Xucvitas, 
walking  then  to  the  cit}',  where  we  found  the 
rebels  had  devastated  buildings  and  stores 
and  destroyed  railroad  station,  so  that  the 
place  looked  as  if  it  were  in  Belgium  today. 

March  (jth,  went  on  a  mihtary  train  sis  far 
as  Minas  Station,  in  the  district  of  Camaguey. 
Were  ordered  off  the  train  there.  Spent  the 
night  at  a  large  sugar  mill  near  Minas.  Un- 
derstand the  two  rear  cars  of  the  train,  only, 
got  through  to  Camague}'.  the  two  first  cars 
having  been  dynamited  after  we  left  the 
train. 

Saw  about  9,000  acres  of  sugar  cane  fields 
completely  destroyed  by  fire  at  this  planta- 
tion near  Minas.  Next  morning  returned  by 
military  train  to  Nuevitas  on  the  north  coast. 
Hired  a  small  motor  boat  and  started  at 
4  p.  m.  for  Puerto  Padre,  the  next  large 
harbor  toward  the  east.  This  time  had  to  go 
right  out  to  sea,  but,  finding  it  too  rough,  the 
captain  of  the  little  boat  imdertook  to  take 
us  through  the  reefs  and  succeeded  in  getting 
through  by  moonlight.  Could  go  no  further, 
therefore  anchored  from  9  p.m.  till  6  a.  m.  in 
a  smooth  spot  between  the  reefs — a  most  un- 
pleasant and  dangerous  night. 

At  6  o'clock  next  morning  started  for  Puerto 
Padre  and  arrived  there  5  p.  m.  On  the  way 
saw  some  canefields  burning  at  Manati,  a  large 
sugar  mill  on  the  north  coast.  Passed  the 
night  in  hotel  Chaparra. 

Next  morning,  by  courtesy  of  the  Chaparra 
Sugar  Company,  were  taken  by  their  inspec- 
tion car  to  the  east  toward  Santa  Lucia  Sugar 
Co.  Arriving  ■  there,  found  factory  and  of- 
fices deserted;  owners  and  managers  all  fled 
before  the  rebels,  who  attacked  and  de- 
stroyed a  good  deal  of  their  property  on  the 
7th. 

Next  day  Government  troops  came  in  to 
guard  the  property,  and  the  factory  and 
oflSce  staffs  returned  to  work  as  well  as  they 
could. 

At  this  point  succeeded  in  engaging  passage 
to  Guantanamo  by  a  sugar  cargo  boat. 
Reached  Guantanamo  6  a.m.  March  13th. 
Our  steamer,  proceeding  as  usual,  was  brought 
to  a  stop  by  three  whistles  from  U.  S.  Battle- 


10  THECUBAREVIEW 


ship  "Montana,"  and  the  flag  signal  to  stop.  rebels  were  particularly  angry  and  violent 
The  reason  for  this,  as  we  soon  found,  was  against  American  citizens, 
that  the  lower  bay  at  Guantanamo,  where  the  Next  day,  the  18th,  hearing  firing  approach- 
American  Naval  Station  is,  was  closed  by  ing-  took  refuge  in  U.  S.  Xaval  Station  at 
a  huge  submarine-catching  net.  Passage  Caimanera,  Guantanamo  Bay,  and  with  their 
through  it  was  obtained  for  us  after  a  half  assistance  procured  passage  on  a  transport 
hour,  and  we  were  escorted  through  by  a  as  far  as  the  City  of  Cienfuegos  on  the  south 
motor  launch  from  the  battleship.  Spent  shore,  where  we  were  soon  agam  in  safe  and 
four  davs  in  Guantanamo  Valley,  which  was  civilized  surroundings. 


entirely  under  the  control  of  the  rebels,  who  MARIEL 

were   running  the   Custom   House,    the  city  it  has  been  planned  to  construct   a  new 

and    railroads    in    complete    freedom    from  hospital  building  at  the  quarantine  camp  at 

molestation.  Mariel.      It   has   been   the    custom  for   the 

However,  on  the   15th  other  rebel  bands.  Department     of     Sanitation     to     segregate 

coming  from  Santiago,  destroyed  bridges  on  passengers  having  contagious  diseases  arriving 

the  Guantanamo  &  Western  Line,  and  again  in  Havana  and  necessarily  held  in  quarantine, 

we  were  unable  to  proceed   inland  for  that  It  is  proposed  to  construct  two  large  buildings 

reason,  without  incurring  imminent  danger  of  for  general  cases  and  another  small  building 

death  or  capture,  as    these    eastern    Cuban  for  the  treatment  of  extreme  cases. 

PORT   IMPROVEMENTS  AT  NUEVITAS 


That  Nuevitas,  the  principal  port  of  Camaguey  province,  is  to  become  one  of  the  principal 
shipping  ports  of  the  island  is  now  practically  assured.  With  the  docks  and  warehouses  now 
building,  to  cost  approximately  $1,000,000,  and  with  the  additional  transportation  facilities, 
there  will  be  developed  a  great  point  for  the  shipping  of  products  of  the  island,  and  for  the 
receipt  of  freight  and  iiassenger  traffic  for  Eastern  Cuba. 

JSIuevitas  will  soon  be  an  important  railroad  center.  Since  the  Cuba  Railroad  has  ac- 
quired the  road  from  Camaguey  to  Nuevitas  and  the  gauge  standardized,  there  have  been  vast 
improvements  in  that  line.  Soon  there  will  be  another  line  to  Nuevitas — the  North  Coast  Rail- 
way, now  in  course  of  construction,  opening  up  a  country  to  development  not  heretofore 
touched,  a  country  rich  in  possibilities  which  is  attracting  the 'attention  of  enterprising  syndi- 
cates and  developers,  so  that,  within  a  very  few  years,  a  rich  country  will  be  opened  which 
will  so  add  to  the  wealth  of  Cuba,  that  past  prosperity  will  be  eclipsed  and  the  future  develop- 
ment of  the  country  will  only  depend  upon  the  amount  of  intelligent  labor  to  be  secured. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  Camaguey  province  is  to  be  greatly  developed  by  the  sugar 
people.  Oriente  province  is  now  apparently  the  banner  sugar  province  of  the  island,  but  in  a 
very  short  time,  according  to  prospects,  the  province  of  Camaguey  will  be  one  vast  canefield, 
with  mills  dotting  the  country  over  and  there  will  be  work  for  all;  prosperity  will  be  more  than 
ever  apparent,  and  while  Cuba  is  now  the  largest  sugar-producing  country  of  the  world,  it  will 
soon  be  so  far  ahead  of  all  others  that  there  will  be  no  comparison. 

Not  only  will  the  cane  growing  industry  be  greatly  benefited  by  the  dock  improvements  at 
Nuevitas,  but  the  other  classes  of  agriculturists,  the  farmers  and  the  fruit  and  vegetable  growers 
will  be  helped.  The  North  Coast  Railroad  will  tap  a  fruit  and  vegetable  growing  district  al- 
ready rich  in  production,  and  this  will  be  further  developed  when  the  proper  kind  of  transporta- 
tion is  oifered.  The  Cubitas  Valley  and  all  along  the  line  of  the  North  Coast  Railway  have  all 
the  greatest  possibilities  for  development  in  the  horticultural  line,  and  with  greater  facilities 
for  shipping  there  will  naturally  be  greater  incentive  for  development  in  this  line. 

The  industries  of  the  island  are  now  so  great  that  Havana  cannot  handle  all  of  the  shipping, 
and  the  development  of  the  port  of  Nuevitas  will  not  cause  business  through  the  port  of  Havana 
to  suffer  a  particle.  Steamers  to  Havana  are  now  filled  to  capacity.  Wharves  and  warehouses 
are  packed  to  the  roofs.  Railway  lines  leading  out  of  Havana  are  behind  in  their  freight  hand- 
ling, and  the  customs  authorities  are  far  behind  in  their  work  of  clearing  goods,  so  that  the  estab- 
lishment of  outside  docks  will  be  a  relief  and  help  to  Havana  and  a  means  of  faster  development 
in  Eastern  Cuba  and  the  island  generally. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


11 


OUTLINE    OF  CUBA    RAILROAD 

PORT  IMPROVEMENTS 

AT  NUEVITAS 

The  two  wharves  are   lo- 
cated at  Punta  I^astelillo,   a 
point   about  five  kilometers 
from  the  present  Nuevitas 
station.  The  track  has  been 
laid  and   the   roadbed  com- 
pleted out  to  this  point,  with 
the  exception  of  some  shal- 
low filling  and  trestle  work, 
and  work  has  been  started 
on  the  buildings  located  on 
the  wharves   and  the  sugar 
warehouses  on  the  point. 

The  new  wharves  are  to  be 
700  feet  in  length  with  two 
houses  at  the  end  of  each 
wharf  282  feet  long,  for  the 
storage  of  freight  passing  to 
and  from  the  steamers,  and 
at  present  the  average  depth 
of  water  alongside  the 
wharves  is  21  feet,  but  the 
plans  call  for  further  dredg- 
ing to  secure  the  necessary 
depth  of  water  to  permit 
ships  to  turn. 


12 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


FELTON 

r .  t 

The  original  appropriation  to  cover  pro- 
posed improvements  in  the'Bethlehem  Steel 
plant  at  Felton  was  m.aterially  reduced, 
but  the  revised  plan  provides  for  the  ex- 
penditure of  more  than  $1,000,000  in  con- 
nection with  improvements  and  betterm.ents 
on  the  plant  and  mjnes  at  this  point,  and  it 
is  understood  that  the  greater  portion  of  this 
appropriation  wiU  go  towards  enlarging  the 
present  Power  Plant  and  installing  a  full  set 
of  Turbine  alternators,  which  will  more 
than  double  the  capacity  of  the  present 
generators;  also  new  dock  work  which  pro- 
vides for  500  feet  of  reinforced  concrete 
dock  and  necessary  dredging  of  the  new 
location  to  thirty  feet  of  water  alongside  the 
present  loading  and  unloading  docks. 


AMERICAN  BOURSE 

It  is  proposed  to  open  an  American  Bourse 
in  Havana  for  the  convenience  of  Cuban 
importers,  and  it  is  stated  that  a  location  has 
already  been  selected  in  the  business  section 
of  Havana.  The  idea  of  this  institution  will 
be  to  provide  a  convenient  meeting  ]:)laee  for 
Cuban  merchants  where  they  can  inspect  a 
great  number  of  lines  of  guaranteed  American 
merchandise,  and  full  information  and 
samples,  etc.,  will  be  at  their  disposal.  It  is 
proposed  that  this  Bourse  be  maintained  by 
the  manufacturers  who  display  their  samples 
and  manufactures  therein.  It  is  not  the 
purpose  to  show  complete  lines,  but  the  idea 
is  that  the  articles  sold  through  the  Bourse 
will  repre.sent  the  highest  of  each  respective 
class.  This  enterprise  will  be  in  charge  of  a 
representative  who  will  be  competent  to 
handle  export  trade. 


HAVANA  NEWSPAPER 

A  new  newspaper  has  made  its  appearance 
in  Havana.  It  is  called  the  Bolelin  Oficial  de 
los  Mercados  de  la  Habana,  and  will  be 
devoted   exclusively   to   financial   matters. 


SHOEMAKERS 


The  shoe  manufacturers  of  Cuba  have 
appealed  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
asking  that  the  shoes  of  the  army  and  navy  be 
ordered  from  them  and  not  abroad. 


FERROCARRILES  DEL  NORTE 

The  final  survey  has  been  completed 
for  the  route  of  this  road  between  Moron 
and  Nuevitas,  and  actual  construction  is 
now  well  under  way.  The  roadbed  is  finished 
and  the  track  laid  from  Moron  to  a  point 
about  fifty  kilom.eters  east  (as  indicated  on 
the  route  ro.ap),  where  a  siding  has  been 
diverted  aliout  twenty  kilometers  south  and 
west  to  San  Bernado,  where  it  is  understood 
a  large  m.odern  sugar  m.ill  will  be  erected. 
The  work  is  now  being  rapidly  pushed  to 
com.pletion  and  it  is  expected  to  be  ready 
for  traffic  Ijetween  Moron  and  Nuevitas,  a 
distance  of  some  160  kilometers,  early  next 
year. 

The  proposed  route  is  through  a  new  and 
undeveloped  country  and  requires  the  con- 
struction of  two  large  bridges  over  the 
Caunao  and  Maximo  rivers,  touching  a  point 
within  three  miles  of  the  American  citrus 
fruit  colony,  La  Gloria.  The  plans  are 
completed  for  terminals  and  wharves  at  the 
port  of  Nuevitas,  which  will  be  the  principal 
shipping  port  for  the  new  district  opened  up 
by  this  proposed  railroad. 


MEDICAL  CONGRESS 

Delegates  of  the  Fifth  Latin-American 
Medical  Congress  have  decided  to  hold  the 
next  session  of  that  congress  in  Havana.  The 
date  is  not  definitely  decided,  but  will  be  in 
the  latter  part  of  1917.  Dr.  Rafael  Menocal 
has  been  chosen  secretary  of  the  congress. 


HAVANA 


The  General  Passenger  offices  of  the  United 
Railways,  now  located  at  118  Prado,  Havana, 
will  be  removed  to  the  Central  Station. 
The  city  ticket  office  will  remain  at  the  present 
location,  118  Prado,  and  this  change  wiJ  only 
effect  the  General  Passenger  Agent,  Mr. 
Frank  Roberts,  and  his  immediate  staff, 
who  will  be  in  closer  communication  with 
the  many  matters  concerning  his  department 
at  the  Central  Station. 

PORT  OF  HAVANA  DOCKS  CO. 

It  is  reported  that  this  concern,  with  a 
capital  of  .S8,500,000,  has  passed  into  the 
control  of  a  syndicate  headed  by  Sr.  Jos6 
Mirimon,  President  of  the  Spanish  Bank  of 
Cuba. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


vs 


Entrance  and  Administration  Building,  Government  Station,  Santiago  de  las  Vegas. 


ESTACION.   CENTRAL  AGRONOMICA 


GOVERNMENT  EXPERIMENTAL  STATION.  SANTIAGO  DE  LAS  VEGAS.  CUBA 

This  experimental  station  was  founded  in  1904  as  a  small  farm,  and  has  continued  at  its 
present  location  since  that  time,  increasing  in  size  and  importance,  until  today  it  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  complete  agricultural  stations  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  director  in  charge,  Mr.  J.  T.  Crawley,  is  an  American,  and  he  is  assisted  by  a  staff  of 
Americans  and  young  Cubans  who  have  had  their  training  at  Cornell  University  and  other 
Agricultural  Schools  in  the  United  States. 

The  location  of  this  station  is  an  excellent  one,  twenty  miles  from  Havana  in  the  western 
part  of  Havana  province,  and  it  is  reached  hourly  by  electric  trains  on  the  Western  Railway  of 
Havana.  The  farm  is  several  hundred  acres  in  extent  and  lies  in  a  typical  red  soil  tobacco 
country,  which  partly  explains  the  wonderful  results  obtained  here  in  the  experiments  with  the 
tobacco  plant. 

The  institution  is  a  well  organized  one,  and  the  niuuerous  departments  are  in  charge  of 
experts  in  their  respective  lines.  The  arrangement  of  the  organization  as  to  stations  is  as 
follows : 

ANIMAL  INDUSTRY  AGRICULTURE 

HORTICULTURE  BOTANY 

VEGETABLE  PATHOLOGY  CHEMISTRY  AND  SOIL    PHYSICS 

LIBRARIAN 

Experiments  are  carried  on  here  in  field  work,  irrigation,  treatment  of  soils,  grafting,  stock- 
breeding,  etc.,  and  the  full}'  equipped  laboratories  add  much  to  the  scientific  results  obtained. 

The  subject  of  irrigation  has  heretofore  received  but  little  attention  in  Cuba,  in  the  first 
place  because  the  crops  have  been  so  ample  that  irrigation  was  thought  to  be  unnecessary, 
and  in  the  second  place  the  popular  opinion  seems  to  be  that  any  system  of  artificially  applying 
water  to  the  usual  crops  would  be  so  expensive  as  to  be  impracticable.  The  extended  drouth 
of  the  past  two  years  has  been  so  severe,  however,  and  such  great  damage  has  been  done  to 
almost  every  agricultural  and  financial  interest  of  the  Island,  particularly  to  the  sugar  interests, 
that  the  subject  is  now  receiving  first  consideration  at  this  station.  The  station  has  no  special 
irrigation  engineer  as  yet,  but  it  managed  to  give  the  subject  much  attention  and  now 
has  a  system  of  irrigation  which  is  producing  the  desired  results  in  cane  and  tobacco  fields. 


14 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


INNER  COURT — Grounds  and  Offices.  Government  Station.  SantiaK'^  de  las  Vegas. 


Grove   of  Rubber   Trees,    Government    Station,   Santiago    de   las    Vegas 


Recently  ten  plots  of  150  sq.  meters  of  cane  were  planted  at  the  station  for  irrigation,  and 
an  equal  area  was  planted  to  be  grown  without  irrigation.  It  was  late  for  planting  cane  and  in 
the  dry  season.  As  a  m.atter  of  fact  the  unirrigated  cane  did  not  germinate,  whereas  the  irrigated 
cane  germinated  and  grew  well.  The  unirrigated  cane  was  replanted  and  both  fields  were  cut. 
The  irrigated  cane  yielded  at  the  rate  of  95.826  arrobas  per  caballeria,  whereas  the  tmirrigated 
yielded  but  28.122.  In  other  words,  the  irrigated  yielded  three  times  as  much  as  the  unirrigated. 
The  soil  conditions  were  the  same  in  each  instance. 

The  following  facts  argue  for  irrigation  in  Cuba : 

The  rainfall  in  Cuba  is  too  small,  even  in  the  years  of  greatest  pre- 
cipitation, for  the  full  development  of  sugar  cane. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


15 


'\r.i,,-,,    (  ;  I'l  ,\vi  iiii'    unilcr    (  '  I.ci'.-i'cImI  h  .    (  Icj  vci  n  nii'iil    Staluni.   S;m!iaK'>   'li'   las    X'cga;- 


rank    A    Power   Plant,    (!• 


Station,   Santiago   de  las    \" 


Every  yeja-  there  is  a  continuous  period  of  at  least  three  months 
when  cane  needs  more  water  than  is  suppHed  by  rainfall. 

The  rainfall  is  very  uncertain  and  irrigation  is  needed  to  insure 
against  this  irregularity. 

There  is  a  considerable  amount  of  surface  water  and  a  great  deal  of 
storm  water,  and  there  are  no  insuperable  obstacles  to  their  utilization. 
Underground  water  is  found  in  most  localities  near  the  surface,  and 
probably  in  sufficient  quantity  to  be  utilized. 

The  present  method  of  irrigating  tobacco  is  both  expensive  and 
inefficient . 

When  a  good  stream  of  water  is  available  the  tobacco  can  be  cul- 
tivated and  irrigated  with  one-third  the  labor  now  used,  and  to  the  bet- 
terment of  the  crop. 


16 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


The  same  good  results  have  been  secured  at  ths  station  ia  studying  the  irrigation  of 
tobacco  as  of  cane,  but  in  the  case  of  tobacco  heavy  fertihzation  is  required  in  addition  to 
irrigation. 

Several  small  plots  of  land  have  been  devoted  here  to  experiments  with  raising  Burbank's  ' 
Spineless  Cactus  and  Rubber  Trees  and  plants  from  Demerara  and  Para,  but  in  the  case  of  the 
Spineless  Cactus  the  plot  selected  for  these  beds  lays  in  a  low  stretch  of  ground  which  does 
not  give  sufficient  drainage,  and  with  the  recent  heavy  rains,  there  has  been  too  much  water, 
which  caused  a  rot  to  appear  in  the  young  slabs;  and  with  the  rubber  plants  or  trees,  just  the 
reverse  occurred  and,  due  to  the  lack  of  a  sufficiently  humid  climate,  the  trees  seemed  to  be 
slowly  withering,  with  the  leaves  discolored  and  dropping  off,  and  the  production  of  gum  or 
rubber  was  of  no  consequence.  These  rubber  plants  were  seven  years  old  and  under  natural 
or  normal  conditions  should  be  expected  to  produce  good  quantities  of  rubber,  but  they  ap- 
peared to  be  badly  neglected  or  not  intended  for  this  particular  district  of  Cuba. 

The  production  of  cotton  has  been  tried  at  this  station,  but  destructive  insect  pests  and 
other  difficulties  have  resulted  in  its  abandonment  as  a  crop. 

The  grasses  for  pasturage  seem  to  come  second  in  importance  to  sugar  cane  and  tobacco 
and  they  have  succeded  in  introducing  several  new  grasses  on  the  heavy  clay  soils  here  that 
give  every  promise  of  success. 

The  laboratories  are  most  interesting  and  among  other  exhil)its  there  are  366  different 
kinds  of  woods,  registered  and  described  fully,  which  are  extremely  useful,  not  only  for  purposes 
of  general  construction,  but  for  railway  ties  that  never  rot,  handles  for  tools  and  implements, 
shipbuilding,  carving  and  inlaying,  and  a  thousand  and  one  purposes  for  which  hardwoods 
are  always  in  demand.  Interesting  experiments  are  being  conducted  here  in  the  importation 
of  jute  fibers  from  India  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar  bags. 

The  gardens  are  complete  with  their  hundreds  of  varieties  of  palms,  which  are  more  plenti- 
ful in  Cuba  than  any  other  one  tree,  and  not  only  does  their  peculiar  graceful  form  add 
marked  beauty  to  the  landscape,  but  either  fruit,  bark,  leaves  or  pith  of  this  great  family  of 
indogens  is  here  made  to  serve  some  good  purpose  in  the  life  of  the  native. 


Spineless   Cactus   beds   at   Government   Station,   Santiago   de  las   Vegas. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


17 


Spineless   Cactus   Grown  on   the    Cendoya   Farm   near  Santiago. 


BURBANK'S   SPINELESS  CACTUS  IN  SANTIAGO,  CUBA 


So  much  has  been  written  of  late  of  the  wonders  and  varieties  of  the  Burbank  Spineless 
Cactus  plant,  that  it  seems  an  important  point  has  been  omitted  when  one  does  not  specify 
the  "variety."  We  are  told  this  makes  all  the  difference  in  the  world  and  this  article  will  deal 
principally  with  what  is  known  as  the  "late  variety"  grown  on  the  experimental  farm  of  IMr. 
Julian  Cendoya  at  Santiago. 

]\Iany  advantages  are  claimed  for  this  late  variety  over  the  "early  variety,"  and  its  food 
value  as  a  nutritious  forage,  yielding  in  quantity,  easy  of  culture  and  cheap  to  raise  and  handle, 
adapted  to  poor  land  as  well  as  good,  and  producing  an  unfailing  crop  each  year,  makes  it  the 
most  so-called  precious  forage  crop  known,  and  it  should  appeal  to  the  stock  raiser,  the 
sugar  planter  and  the  farmer  when  considering  the  food  supply. 

The  Cendoya  plantation  is  located  on  the  Guantanamo  &  Western  Railroad,  midway  be- 
tween Santiago  and  Guantanamo,  and  consists  of  66  acres  of  this  late  variety  planted  only  four 
months  ago  from  a  starting  of  60,000  plants,  and  the  results  so  far  obtained  have  been  satis- 
factory' when  it  is  considered  that  they  were  laid  out  during  the  months  of  heayv'  rains,  many 
difficulties  resulting  therefrom  on  account  of  too  much  dampness  which  tends  to  rot  the  young 
plants. 

The  experiment  has  not  been  carried  far  enough  as  yet  to  justify  the  making  of  any  pre- 
dictions as  to  its  success  in  Cuba,  and  the  important  question  just  now  seems  to  be  how  and 
where  to  get  the  necessary  slabs  or  leaves  for  propagation.  These,  for  some  years  to  come,  will 
probably  be  too  valubale  for  any  other  purpose  than  to  plant  new  nurseries  and  fields. 

For  comparison  as  to  the  possible  returns  from  Spineless  Cactus  as  a  forage  food,  we  are 
shown  that  alfalfa  in  the  United  States  is  worth  $20  per  ton.  Melojo,  or  green  corn  fodder  in 
Cuba  is  worth  $25  per  ton.  These  will  grow  only  on  the  best  soil.  Five  tons  of  alfalfa  worth 
is  sometimes  cut  from  an  acre  of  rich  land  if  well  irrigated.    The  minimum,  25  tons  of 


18 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Spineless  Cactus  Farm,  Cendoj  a.  Santiago. 
An  excellent  specimen  showing  the    original 
slab  and  the   numerous   sprouts    which   will 
be  used  as  nursery  stock. 

Spineless  Cactus  l-arni.  <!'endoya,  Santiago. 

Rows  of  voung  plants  showing  the  distance 

between  slabs   when   planted. 

Spineless  Cactus,  grown  on  land  worthless  for  any  other  food  crop,  at  $10  per  ton  amoimts  to 
$250  per  acre,  or  $25,000  as  the  value  of  the.product  of  three  waste  caballerios  or  100  acres,  if  it 
proves  to  be  the  food  claimed  and  if  the  stock  will  continue  to  eat  it. 

Only  three  years  ago,  every  spineless  cactus  plant  in  the  world  was  growing  on  a  quarter 
of  an  acre  of  ground  in  the  experimental  nurseries  of  Luther  Burbank,  at  Santa  Rose,  California. 
During  the  recent  World's  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  attention  was  called  to  the  marvellous  work 
accomplished  by  Burbank  in  plant  life,  and  especially  to  the  wonderous  promise  of  his  Spineless 
Cactus.  This  plant  is  now  successfully  grown  in  California,  Florida  and  Cuba,  and  it  is  the 
intention  of  Cuban  growers  to  use  it  locally  and  if  necessary  to  ship  it  commercially  as  food  to 
the  Argentine  and  South  American  markets. 

Disinterested  parties  in  Cuba  say  the  stock  will  not  eat  the  cactus  as  food,  also  that  under 
certain  conditions  it  will  revert  to  the  native  spiney  form,  but  it  seems  good  logic  to  suppose  that 
the  Spineless  is  a  distinct  species  which  can  be  propagated  indefinitely,  especially  from  cuttings, 
and  that  it  will  no  more  revert  to  some  other  type  than  will  corn  or  wheat. 


PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 

Bolelin  de  Minas,  January,  No.  2.— This 
publication  is  issued  by  the  Department  of 
Agriculture.  This  paper  has  a  very  full  ac- 
count of  the  geological  survey  which  was 
made  in  Cuba  in  1901  by  representatives  of 
the  Geological  Survey  of  the  United  States, 
and  it  gives  a  great  deal  of  information  in  re- 
gard to  the  geological  situation  of  Cuba. 

A  large  portion  of  this  issue  of  the  magazine 
is  devoted  to  information  in  regard  to  the 
copper  mines  of  Cuba. 

This  number  also  has  two  charts  in  colors 


which  give  much  information  in  regard  to  the 
geological  formation  of  the  Island. 

Philadelphia  Year  Book,  published  by  the 
Philadelphia  Chamber  of  Commerce. — -This 
gives  an  interesting  description  of  industrial 
Phihidelphia  in  all  its  aspects.  It  describes 
the  many  industries  and  gives  detailed  in- 
formation about  the  hundreds  of  articles 
manufactured  in  the  mills  and  factories  of  the 
city.  Philadelphia  has  been  called  the 
world's  greatest  workshop  and  produces 
more  varieties  of  manufactured  goods  than 
any  other  city  in  the  world. 


THECUBAREVIEW  19 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

The   report  of   the  Cuba  Railroad  for  the  month  of  January  and  for  seven  months  ended  January  31,   1017> 
compares  as  follows: 

1917  1916           1915           1914           1913           1912          1911 

January  gross $761,118  $691,479     $544,891     $478,179     $460,322     $368,471     $315,783 

Expenses 552,682  292,281       227,479       240,722       208,223       176,216       166,890 

Net  income $210,963  $405,296     $317,411     $237,456     $252,098     $192,254     $148,893 

Other  income 2,527  6,097     

Net  earnings $208,435  $399,198     $317,411     

Fixed  charges 95,012  87,120        70,959        66,791        66,791         65,125        59,625 

January  surplus $115,950  $318,175     $246,451     $170,665     $185,307     $127,129       $89,268 

From  July  1st: 

Seven  months'  gross $3,936,295  $3,231,778  $2,551,349  $2,651,753  $2,409,274  $1,951,136  $1,577,719 

Seven  months'  net 1,191,514  1,510,781    1,184,329    1,219,384    1,075,202       876,567       669,095 

Other  ncome 7,582  6,097     

Fixed  charges 633,986  539,869       492,313       467,541       467,263       425,875    .  279,625 

Sui-plus $565,110  $977,009     $692,015     $751,842     $607,938     $450,692     $389,470 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY   LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  ojFehTuanj:                                                                                                     1917  1916            1915 

Gross  earnings $504,325  $489,543     $444,404 

Operating  expenses 210,852  177,766       175,928 

Net  earnings 293,473  311,777       268,476 

Miscellaneous  income 8,088  4,502         10,374 


Total  net  income 301,561  316,279  278,850 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 166.689  197,204  170,161 

2  months  to  February  2m:  19)7  1916  1915 

Gross  earnings ?1,051,813  $981,617  $918,128 

Operating  expenses 446,816  364,051  365,419 

Net  earnings 610,997  617,566  552,709 

Miscellaneous  income 14,456  14,297  15,463 


Total  net  income $625,453     $631,863     $568,172 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 358,701       397,396       350,995 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  receipS:                                 1917           1916  1915           1914           1913           1912  1911 

Week  ending  Feb.  24th £56,593      £61,003  £50,108      £47,148      £49,056      £42,081  £42,987 

Week  ending  Mar.  3d 60,733        60,829  53,165        51,244        51,001         43,740  42,875 

Week  ending  Mar.  10th 61,623        59,977  52,308        51,055        50,093        41,216  42,765 

Week  ending  Mar.  17th 62,463        61,089  52,073        48,749        48,058        43,604  43,041 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  receipts:                                                                                   1917           1916           1915  1914 

Week  ending  March    3d £6,761        £6,818        £5,740  £5,414 

Week  ending  March  10th 8,505          7,066          5,703  5,487 

Week  ending  March  17th 8,276          6,989          5,704  5,273 

Week  ending  March  24th 8,247          6,741          5,223  5,280 


20 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAYS 

Weekly  Teceipts:  1917           1916 

Week  ending  February  24th £29,567  £26,992 

Week  ending  March   3d 30,553        27,369 

Week  ending  March  10th 30,671        26,658 

Week  ending  March  17th 34,639        26,365 

Week  ending  March  24th 30,928        28,415 


1915 

1914 

;23,339 

£19,557 

23,168 

20,818 

23,412 

20,104 

23,343 

22,103 

20,791 

21,721 

CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


PREVAILING   PRICES   FOR   CUBAN   SECURITIES 

A$  quoUd  bv  Lawrence  Turnure  A  Co.,  New  York. 

Bid.  Asked. 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 90  93 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  4H%  Bonds  of  1949 85  K  !^GH 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 94 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 98J/2  99^ 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 103  105 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101  103 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 89  92 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 90  93 

Cuba  Co.  Q%  Debenture  Bonds 95  100 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 98  101 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 92  J^ 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Preferred  Stock 97J^  98 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Common  Stock 1043^  107 

Matanaas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 102  105 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 205  206 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 10134  101 J^ 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 60  63 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  Ist  Mtge.  Bonds 92  95 

All  prices  of  bonds  quoted  on  an  and  interett  6am. 


HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RY..  LT.  &  PWR.  CO.  one-half  per  cent.  (2M%)  on  the  stock  of  the 

A  semi-annual  dividend  of  S3.00  per  share  Company  for  the  quarter  ended  March  31, 

on  the  preferred  stock  and  a  dividend  of  $3.00  191",  payable  May  1st,  1917,  to  stockholders 

per  share  on  the  common  stock  will  be  paid  of  record  at  the  close  of  business  April  21, 

on  May  15th,  1917,  to  stockholders  of  record  1917.    The  transfer  books  will  not  be  closed. 

at  the  close  of   business  on   April  25th,  1917.  — . . — 

Checks  will  be  mailed. 

Stock  transfer  books  will  be  closed  from 

April  26th  to  May  17,  1917,  both  inclusive.^  The  Board  of  Directors  have  declared  an 

extra  dividend  of  ten  per  cent.  (10 '^)  on  the 


THE  NEW  NIQUERO^SUGAR  COMPANY 


GUANTANAMO  SUGAR  COMPANY  preferred  and  common  capital  stock  of  the 

The  Board  of  Directors  has  declared  a  divi-  company,  payable  April  18th,  1917,  to  stock- 

dend   of   one   dollar   and   twenty-five   cents  holders  of  record  at  the  close  of  business  April 

($1.25)  per  share,  or  at  the  rate  of  two  and  16th,    1917. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


21 


THE  AMERICAN   SUGAR   REFINING   COMPANY 

AND  ITS   CONSTITUENT  COMPANIES 


Condensed   General   Balance  Sheet,   December   31,    1916 

ASSETS 

Real  estate  and  plants,  including  refineries,  warehouses,  cooperage,  railroads,  tank  cars,  wharves 
and  stables,  with  their  machinery  and  equipment,  and  timber  and  other  lands  owned  in  fee 
or  through  ownership  of  the  entire  capital  stock  of  constituent  companies,  at  cost  less  deprc- 
tion 

Investments,  general 

Investments,  insurance  fund 

Investments,  pension  fund 

Merchandise  and  supplies,  including  raw  and  refined  sugar,  syrup,  material  in  process  of  manu- 
facturing, boneblack,  cooperage  and  other  stock  and  supplies  on  hand 

Prepaid  accounts,  insurance,  taxes,  etc 

Loans 

Accounts  receivable 

Accrued  income,  interest  earned  and  dividends  declared  but  not  yet  collected 

Cash  on  hand  with  trust  companies,  banks  and  short-term  loans 

Capital  Stock:  LIABILITIES. 

Preferred $45,000,000.00 

Common 45,000,000.00 

Sundry  Reserves : 

Forinsurance ' $9,000,00(1(1(1 

For  pension  fund l,250,0(lii  (Ml 

For  improvement  of  plants ' 1,367,.')1  i.S4 

For  trade  mark  advertising 1,000,000.00 

For  contingencies 857,753.03 

Accounts  and  loans  payable 

Dividends  declared  payable  January  2,  1917,  and  former  dividends  unclaimed 

Surplus: 

Balance  December  31,  1915 $16,328,802.22 

Add  Amount  transferred  in  1916  from  profit  and  loss  account 2,019,909.47 

Income  and  Profit  and  Loss  Statement  for  the  Year  1916 


Profit  from  operations 

Interest  on  loans  and  deposits . 

Income  from  investments 

Net  profits  from  investments . . 


CREDITS: 


DEBITS: 

For  depreciation,  renewal  or  replacement  of  plant  and  equipment 

For  appropriations  to  reserves  as  follows: 

Insurance  fund $1,000,000.00 

Improvements  of  plants 1,000,000.00 

Trade  Mark  .\dvertising l.OOjO.OOO.OO 

Pension  fund 250,000.00 

Contingencies 133,562,09 

For  dividends  declared  during  1916 

Balance  added  to  surplus 


$47,246,442.80 

23,972,0:50.34 

9,000,000.00 

1,250,000.00 

18,654,839.97 

1,527,643.32 

1,222,193.00 

3,833,259.72 

555,907.03 

22,717,453.53 

$129,979,775.80 


.190,000,000.00 


13,475, 267.S7 


6,555,963.24 
1,599,833.00 


18,348,711.69 
$129,979,775.80 


$9,756,379.42 

792j990.70 

2,905,737.10 

248,336.34 

$13,703,443.56 


$2.,000,OCO.CO 


3,383,562.09 
6,299,972.00 


Profit  and  Loss  Statement 
Credits : 

Profit  from  operations 

Interest  on  loans  and  deposits 
Income  from  Investments. . .  . 
Net  profit  from  investments . . 


COMPARATIVE  STATEMENT  YEARS  1913,  1914,  1915  AND  1916. 

1915 


1913 


$1,015,853.21 

894,204.30 

2,274,931.20 


1914 

$2,791,050,07 

934,330.45 

1,627,650.31 

786,359.13 


$11,683,534.09 
$2,019,909.47 


$2,991,465.39 

880,609,09 

2,312,646.21 


1916 

$9,756,379.42 

792,fe0.7O 

2,SCf,7c7.]0 

248,336.34 


Amount  of  appropriations  for  improvement  of 
plants  expended  in  new  construction,  and 
offset  in  depreciation  on  plant  and  equip- 
ment below 

Amount  deducted  from  surp.  of  former  years. . 


Debits: 

Depreciation,  Renewal  and  Replacement. 

Sundry  reserves 

Dividends  declared 


$4,184,988.71       $6,139,389.96     $6,184,720.69     $13,703,443.56 


903,279.88 
3,196,195.47 


707,178.50 
1,198,630.56 


685,470.76 
701,992.24 


$8,284,464.06     $8,045,199.02     $7,572,183.69    $13,703,443.56 


$1,127,767.81 

856,731.25 

6,299,965.00 


$821,112.63 

924,114.39 

6,299,972.00 


$790,304.71 

481,906.98 

6,299,972.00 


Amount  added  to  surplus  of  former  years. . . . 


$8,284,464.06     $8,045,199.02     $7,572,183.69 


$2,000,000 
3,383,562.09 
6,299,972.00 

$11,683,.534.09 
2,019,909.47 

$13,703,443.56 


22 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Balance  Sheet 

Real  estate  and  plants $40,S44,m.o(i 

Investments,  general 2H, 41. '),(;,"):?  '4U 

Investments,  insurance  fund    S, 1)1)0, ()()(). (10 

Investments,  pension  fund 798,i).')."i.30 

Merchandise  and  supplies 17,71.3,730.82 

Prepaid  accounts 28(i,000.,s;-! 

Loans 1,789,000,00 

Accounts  receivable 3, Oil, 702. S4 

Accrued  income 537,()()S  S.'j 

Cash 17,587,854.81 

.5122,984,785.88 

Liabilities: 

Capital  stock .1)0,000,000. 00 

Sundry  reserves 10,321,377  2.i 

Accounts  and  loans  payable 2,s3,s,4(i(),('>l 

Dividends  declared  and  outstanding.  .  l,5'.).'i,.")17.00 

Surplus 18,229,425.02 

$122,984,785.88 


$4.S,477,03,s.20 
20,'.)r),s,070.i:i 

,S, 000. 001), 00 

SOO.OOD.OO 

15,431,099.02 

2.")4,S(;4.S1 

5,137,275.00 

4.350,  lli7.r,l 

ISO,  123.55 

19,110,779.10 


S4S,7fi3,5ti0.47 

22,577,772,00 

■S, 000, 000, 00 

1,000,000,00 

16,963,384.52 

252,834.04 

3,803,274  90 

l.(io7,:'.',i,s  ro 

ir,,s,si  I  i;7 

15,024,800.32 


847 


4(i,442,.S9 

23,972.0:^0  34 

9.000,000,00 

1,2.50,000,00 

18, 054, 839,97 

1,527,043.32 

1,222,193.00 

3,833,259.72 

.555,907.03 

22,717,453.53 


123,009,417.48  $122,061,875.01   $129,979,775.80 


$90,000,000.00  $40,000,000,00 

10,488,801.57  10,137,705.02 

:;.89I,S95,45  .3.999.  ir,L>, 02 

1.59  1,920,(10  1.595.904,25 

17,030,794.40  10,328,.S02.22 


$■40,000,000.00 

13,475,207,87 
0,555. 903. 24 
1,. 599, 833. 00 

18,348,711.09 


!23,009,417.48   $122,031,875.01  $129,979,775.80 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


•      MARKET  FOR  AUGER  BITS  IN  CUBA 

The  woodworking  ini^liistry  of  Giiba  is 
not  developed  to  an  important  degree, 
although  there  are  in  the  larger  centers  a 
considerable  number  of  carpenter  shops, 
small  furniture  repair  and  manufacturing 
shops,  and  wagon  and  carriage  builders.  In 
the  municipality  of  Habana  there  are  16 
lumberyards  that  operate  woodworking  shops, 
more  than  100  small  carpenter  shops,  17 
carriage  and  wagon  construction  and  repair 
shops,  2  fairly  large  cabinetmaking  and 
furniture  manufacturing  plants,  and  18  or 
20  small  cabinetmaking  shops. 

Auger-BUs  for  Working  Hardwood. 

There  seems  to  be  little  doubt  that  an  auger 
bit  for  working  extremely  hard  woods  would 
meet  with  approval  here,  if  properly  demon- 
strated to  dealers  and  users  by  well-qualified 
Spanish-speaking  salesmen  who  would  per- 
sonally canvass  the  trade.  A  salesman  repre- 
senting a  general  line  of  woodworking 
machinery,  carpenters'  tools  or  general  hard- 
ware could  carry  samples  of  the  auger  bits 
referred  to  and  demonstrate  the  practical 
application  of  the  tool  to  the  trade  here. 
Such  an  effort  would  [probably  meet  with  fair 
success. 

If,  however,  the  manufacturers  of  these 
auger  bits  are  not  prepared  to  assume  a  sales 
campaign  such  as  that  indicated,  it  is  possible 
that  a  resident  manufacturer's  agent  in 
Habana  would  undertake  to  introduce  and 
sell  these  tools.    Some  headway  might  also  be 


made  through  correspondence  and  advertising 
matter  in  the  Spanish  language  sent  to  prom- 
inent importers  of  hardware  in  the  trade 
centers  of  this  country. 

Terms  of  credit  with  well  established 
hardware  merchants  in  Habana  are  usually 
arranged  without  difficulty,  especially  on 
merchandise  that  is  subject  to  a  good  demand. 
— Consul  Henry  M .  Wolcolt,  Habana. 

CUBA'S  FRUIT  TRADE 

Among  the  fruits  grown  in  Cuba  are  the 
banana,  pineapple,  orange,  lime,  grape-fruit, 
avocado  (aguacate)  anon  (custard  apple),  fig, 
guava,  mamey  and  sapote. 

Exports — ^During  the  five  years  1909-1913, 
was  exported  from  Cuba  an  annual  aver- 
age of  69,063,000  pounds  of  ]>inea])i)les, 
valued  at  $1,189,000;  82,223,000  pounds  of 
bananas,  valued  at  .$771,000;  6,195,000 
pounds  of  oranges,  valued  at  $116,000;  and 
84,223  pounds  of  limes  valued  at  $1,521.00. 
Practically  all  of  these  fruits  were  shi])j)ed 
to  the  United  States. 

Imports — The  principal  fruits  and  fruit 
products  imported  into  Cuba  during  the 
five  year  period  1909-1913  and  their  average 
annual  value,  were:  dried  apples,  $5,740.00, 
fresh  apples,  $59,000.00;  canned  fruit,  $73,- 
000.00;  grapes,  $39,000.00;  prunes,  $15,- 
300.00;  raisins,  $27,300.00;  olive  oil, 
000.00;  and  wines,  $1,574,000. 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS 

The  Hammond  Iron  Works  of  Warren,  Pa., 
announce  that  their  Havana  representatives 
in  the  future  will  be  Messrs  Ellis  Bros.,  28 
San  Ignacio,  Havana. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


23 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


CUBAN   MARKET  FOR  AMERICAN  TEXTILES 

Althoujih  the  I'nitcd  States  buys  four- 
fifths  of  Cuba's  exports  and  sells  more  than 
half  of  all  the  goods  Cuba  Ijuys  abroad,  Anieri  - 
can  manufacturers  supplied  less  than  one- 
fourth  of  the  cotton  and  wooJen  textiles  im- 
ported into  the  island  during  the  normal 
years  preceding  the  war,  and  this  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  the  tariff  on  cotton  goods  from 
the  United  States  is  30  i)er  cent  less  than  that 
applied  to  similar  goods  from  other  countries. 
According  to  a  new  report  issued  by  the 
Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce, 
of  the  Department  of  Commerce,  the  United 
States  is  the  logical  source  of  supply  for  Cuban 
purchasers  of  textile-  and  should  be  able  to 
obtain  a  much  larger  share  of  the  business  in 
the  next  few  years. 

Until  within  a  comparatively  few  years, 
says  Special  Agent  W.  A.  Tucker,  author  of 
the  report,  .American  manufacturers  have  i)aid 
relatively  1  ittle  attention  to  the  Cuban  market, 
partly  owing  to  the  fact  that  prior  to  the  en- 
actment of  the  reciprocity  treaty  there  was 
little  opportunity  to  build  up  a  trade  that 
was  worth  the  effort  involved.  Since  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  Republic  conditions  have 
changed  matei-ially,  so  that  in  1914,  Cuba 
ranked  fourth  as  a  purchaser  of  American 
cotton  goods,  its  purchases  being  exceeded 
only  bj'  those  of  Canada,  the  Philippines,  and 
China. 

The  climate  of  Cuba  is  such  that  cotton 
goods  are  used  for  clothing  by  both  sexes 
through  the  greater  part  of  the  year,  and  it  is 
safe  to  say  that  a  large  proportion  of  the 
population  is  dressed  in  cotton,  both  winter 
and  summer,  as  the  winters  are  not  cjld. 
The  entire  supply  of  cotton  goods,  both  for 
wearing  apparel  and  for  household  use  must 
be  imported,  with  the  single  exception  of  a 
relatively  small  quantity  of  terry  towels 
manufactured  on  the  island. 

During  the  fiscal  year  1914,  which  was  nor- 
mal, Cuba  purchased  abroad  .$10,500,000 
worth  of  cotton  goods,  of  which  34.13  per 
cent  came  from  England,  21.47  per  cent  from 
the  United  States,  15.38  per  cent  from  Spain, 
11.70  per  cent  from  France,  and  8.05  per  cent 
from  Germany.  A  number  of  other  countries 
contributed  smaller  amounts.  In  1915,  the 
United  States  took  the  lead  with  35.44  per 
cent,  England's  share  fell  off  to  30.10  per 


cent,  S])ain  showed  a  slight  increase  to  15.75 
per  cent,  French  sales  decreased  to  5.39  per 
cent,  and  (iermany's  share  was  onlj'  3.34  per 
cent,  the  total  imports  amounting  to  $9,609,- 
968.  It  seems  certain  that  so  long  as  the  ])res- 
ent  abnormal  conditions  continue  .American 
cotton  will  gain. 

The  imports  of  woolen  goods  amoimt  to 
only  alx)ut  10  per  cent  of  the  imports  of  cot- 
ton goods,  and  by  far  the  1  argest  share  is  sup- 
plied l)y  England,  France  in  normal  times 
being  second,  Spain  third,  and  the  United 
States  a  poor  fourth.  Tiiere  is  an  increasing 
demand  for  woolen  fabrics,  and  although 
Cuba  wil  1  never  be  a  great  consumer  of  these 
cloths  it  will  require  only  a  little  effort  to  in- 
crease considerably  the  annual  consumption. 
American  manufacturers  have  not  paid  this 
market  the  attention  it  deserves,  and  in  some 
cases  when  representatives  were  sent,  they 
were  not  the  right  men  for  the  «Tok.  When 
properly  represented  American  firms  have  no 
difficulty  in  selling  goods. 

The  new  report  is  the  first  of  a  series  on  tex- 
tile markets  in  Latin  America.  It  is  entitled 
"Textiles  in  Cuba,"  Special  Agents  Series 
No  126.  Most  of  the  56  pages  are  devoted  to 
a  careful  analysis  of  the  trade  in  the  different 
kinds  of  cloth,  technical  and  definite  encu'gh 
to  be  of  practical  value  to  the  manufacturer 
and  exporter.  There  are  also  chapters  on  the 
general  conditions  governing  the  trade. 


IMPORTANT  CONSTRUCTION  WORK  IN  CUBA 

[Special  Agent  W.   W.  Swing,  Hahana.\ 

Architects  and  contractors  in  Cuba  report 
tnat  business  in  their  line  is  now  active.  Large 
fields  in  agriculture,  industries,  and  comm_erce 
rem.ain  to  be  developed.  Several  new  sugar 
m-ills  already  are  in  course  of  construction  and 
others  are  projected  for  grinding  during  the 
coming  season.  One  of  the  important  mills  is 
thB  Nueva  Era  in  tne  Province  of  Pinar  del 
Rio,  belonging  to  the  Cia.  Azucarera  Hispano- 
Cubana,  the  president  of  which  is  Gen.  Emilio 
Nunez,  Halmna.  The  contract  for  the  con- 
struction of  this  mill,  it  is  reported,  has  not 
yet  been  awarded. 

Railway  extension  and  new  construction  is 
being  projected  on  a  considerable  scale. 
Among  the  works  already  authorized  by  the 
Cuban  Government  are  a  fine  projected  by 
the  Cul)a  Railroad  Co.,  from  Camamgae}-  to 


24 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


Santa  Cruz  del  Stir  on  the  soutli  coast  about 
80  kilometers  (50  miles) ;  another  extension  of 
about  90  kilometers  from  Placetas  to  Ciego 
de  A\ila;  an  electric  line  from  Habana  to 
Matanzas,  skirting  the  north  coast,  about  90 
kilom.eters,  to  be  built  by  Mr.  M.  J.  Hershey, 
Prado,  33  Habana ;  and  a  considerable  exten- 
sion of  the  Habana  Central  Railway  line,  an 
inter  urban  electric  system  with  headquarters 
in  the  terminal  station,  Habann.  (This  com- 
pany has  also  been  granted  a  concession  by 
the  Cuban  Go\ernment  to  construct  a  new 
ferry  slip  in  Halxma  Harbor,  to  establish 
communication  with  the  opposite  side  of  the 
bay).  A  railway  line  of  about  60  kilom.eters  is 
projected  from  the  port  of  Cienfuegos  to 
San  Lino,  and  a  railroad  of  about  47  kilo- 
meters from  the  town  of  Pinar  del  Rio  to  the 
port  of  Esperanza,  a  concession  for  which  has 
been  granted  to  Mr.  Jorge  A.  Belt,  Calzada 
95,  Vedado,  Habana.  The  United  Railway 
of  Habana,  whose  offices  are  in  the  terminal 
station,  also  proposes  to  double-track  its  ex- 
isting line  between  Habana  and  Matanzas. 
Other  projected  works  are  a  line  of  about  300 
kilometers  from  Caibarien  to  Nuevitas  in 
which  Jose  Miguel  Tarafa,  of  Habana,  is 
interested,  and  a  line  from  Bahia  Honda  to 
Cohsolacion  del  Norte  in  the  Province  of 
Pinar  del  Rio. 

Important  Maintenance  Work  Expected. 

The  heavy  traffic  movement  of  both  sugar 
and  general  nierchandise  is  expected  to  oc- 
casion the  necessity  of  important  mainten- 
ance work  on  the  lines  of  tne  Cuba  Railroad 
Co.,  whose  headquarters  are  at  Santa  Clara, 
in  the  Province  of  that  nam.e.  The  increase  in 
the  movem.ents  of  the  ports  also  renders 
necessary  extensions  of  wharves.  In  the  port 
of  Habana  works  are  under  consideration  by 
the  Port  of  Habana  Docks  Co.  and  the  San 
Jose  Wharf  Co.  amounting  to  $2,000,000. 

The  tourist  traffic  and  the  increasing  com- 
mercial importance  of  Habana  require  the 
construction  of  modern  hotel  buildings,  and 
valuable  sites  already  have  been  purchased. 
Mr.  Regino  Truffin,  of  Buena  Vista,  and  Mr. 
Andres  Gom.ez-Mena,  Manzana  de  Gomez, 
Habana,  are  interested. 

The  drainage  of  the  extensive  swamp  on  the 
south  coast,  known  as  Ceinaga  de  Zapata, 
surrounding  the  deep-water  harbor  known  as 
the  Bahia  de  Cochinos,  is  another  important 
project  authorized  by  the  Cuban  Government, 


and  a,  concession  for  this  work  has  beeri 
granted  to  the  Ceinaga  Zapata  Co.  The  New 
York  representative  of  this  company  is  Mr.  R. 
G.  Ward,  Herald  Square  Hotel,  New  York. 
A  new  modern  garage  building,  to  cost  about 
$200,000,  is  about  to  be  constructed  on  the 
water  front  overlooking  the  sea,  and  the  site 
has  been  purchased  by  Mr.  Manuel  Carreno, 
Zulueta,  corner  of  Teniente  Rey,  Habana. 

Military  Hospital — Construction  of  Hippo- 
drome. 

The  Cuban  Government  proposes  to  build 
a  military  hospital  at  Cam.p  Columbia,  on  the 
outskirts  of  Habana.  A  concession  has  been 
granted  to  Mr.  Charles  T.  Henshall,  Hotel 
Plaza,  Habana,  for  the  construction  of  a 
hippodrome  and  general  amusement  park 
within  the  city  limits,  and  a  movement  is  on 
foot  to  provide  Habana  with  a  large  stadium 
in  view  of  the  effort '  to  have  the  Olympic 
games  held  there  in  1920.  Mr  Richard  Grant, 
director  of  athletics  in  the  University  of 
Habana,  has  tne  project  in  hand. 

A  terminal  railroad  line  is  projected  from 
Cardenas  to  Punto  de  Hicacos  Peninsula  of 
about  31  Idlometers  to  facilitate  the  com- 
merce of  the  port  of  Cardenas.  This  is  the 
third  port  of  the  island,  having  exports  of  3,- 
000,000  bags  of  sugar  and  about  200,000  tons 
of  general  im.ports.  It  is  claimed  this  project 
mesns  the  hfe  of  Cardenas,  which  is  affected 
at  present  by  the  local  port  charges  maKing  it 
expensive  for  shipping,  when  it  should  be  one 
of  the  most  economical  ports  of  Cuba.  It  is 
nearer  to  snipping  points  in  the  United  States 
than  any  other  place  on  the  island.  Pedro  M. 
Mederos,  of  Cardenas,  has  the  concession  and 
has  made  application  for  a  subsidy  from  the 
Cuban    Government. 


DELAWARE  CHARTER 

Cuban  Industrial  Ore  Co.,  cany  on  busi- 
ness of  mining,  $1,000,000;  Herbert  E.  Latter, 
Norman  P.  Coffin,  Clement  M.  Egner,  local 
Wilmington  (Del.)  incorporators. 


ECUADOR 


The  value  of  Ecuador's  total  imports  from, 
and  exportj  to,  Cuba  during  1914  and  1915 
was  as  follows: 

Imports  from  Exports  to 

1914  1915  1914  1915 

$3,514  $799  $41,397       $92,548 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


25 


r 


^^.■.-..yA-.,  ■-  -{ 


"Soledad"    Mill   and   Plant. 


EL  SOLEDAD  PLANTATION  AND  MILL 


This  plantation  and  central  is  owned  and  operated  by  INIr.  E.  F.  Atkins  of  Boston,  who  was 
the  founder  of  the  estate  nearly  half  a  century  ago,  and  it  is  today  one  of  the  best  known  sugar 
estates  on  the  island  of  Cuba.  The  estate  has  been  in  operation  for  thirty-two  years  without 
interruption,  and  during  most  of  that  time  Mr.  Atkins  has  given  the  same  his  personal  attention, 
making  his  residence  on  the  plantation  for  several  months  each  year. 

The  sugar  central,  or  mill,  is  located  on  the  site  of  several  old  mills  of  the  sm^aller  type,  of 
which  there  were  originally  eight  on  the  present  plantation  of  more  than  seven  thousand 
acres  of  excellent  cane  land.  The  property  is  one  of  the  show  places  of  Cienfuegos,  but  owing 
to  the  distance  from  the  city — twelve  miles— and  the  present  condition  of  the  roads  (it  can  be 
reached  only  by  motor  car)  the  trip  is  not  a  comfortable  one,  and  on  this  account  it  does  not 
hold  the  attraction  for  tourists  from  Cienfuegos  that  it  once  did. 

While  the  mill  is  not  classed  among  the  largest  in  Cuba— present  capacity  140,000  bags  of 
325  lbs.  each— it  is  evident  to  an  outsider  after  a  visit  through  this  "central, "'that  it  is  a  most 
eflBciently  operated  one,  and  from  the  standpoint  of  economy  in  operation,  we  are  told,  it  could 
be  used  as  an  excellent  object  lesson  for  a  great  many  of  the  larger  mills  in  Cuba.  Cleanliness 
appears  to  be  the  watchword  in  every  part  of  the  mill,  and  this  excellent  virtue,  combined  with 
the  required  discipline,  makes  for  the  efficiency  noted.  There  are  several  novel  features  which 
indicate  a  spirit  of  progress  about  the  mechanical  operation  of  making  sugar  here  which  have 
not  been  adopted  or  have  been  abandoned  in  other  mills,  as  the  case  may  be,  among  which 
are  noted  a  new  style  Link-Belt  cane  dump  car  which  is  operated  by  tilting  sideways  at  the 
desired  angle  and  the  cane  gradually  slides  from  the  car  into  the  hopper  of  the  earner,  a  big 
improvement  over  the  old  method  of  hoisting  and  dropping,  and  in  this  connection  it  is  sur- 
prising to  note  the  few  miUs  in  Cuba  today  that  have  adopted  this  labor  and  tim.e-saving 
feature  of  handling  the  cane  at  the  mill.  In  this  mill,  after  the  raw  sugar  leaves  the  centrifugals, 
it  is  forced  to  the  top  floor  and  blown  into  a  conveyor  from  which  it  is  dropped  to  the  bagging 
floor.  This  is  said  to  be  an  old  idea  to  cool  off  the  sugar  before  bagging  it,  and  is  not  in  general 
use  in  sugar  mills  in  Cuba  today.  Soledad  does  not  enjoy  railroad  facilities  to  a  shipping  port 
and  it  is  necessarj'  to  transport  the  finished  product  of  this  mill  in  lighters  down  the  Cajnao 
River  to  deep  water  at  Cienfuegos. 


26 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


New    Office    Building,    Soledad. 


Home   of  Mr.    Atlvins,   Soledad. 


Among  the  additions  and  improvements  noted  at  Soledad  is  an  up-to-date  l)aildins  for 
the  offices  of  the  company  and  an  additional  new  stracture  to  be  used  as  quarters  for  the  bache- 
lor officers.  Individual  cottages  are  provided  by  the  company  for  the  accomm.odation  of 
married  officers  and  their  families. 

The  residence  and  grounds  occupied  by  Mr.  Atkins  and  famjly  during  their  stay  at  boledad 
are  beautiful,  and  the  gardens  are  among  the  finest  in  Cuba.  There  is  an  interesting  old  block 
house  still  standing  on  the  plantation  vvhich  was  used  as  a  fortification  during  the  stormy 
days  of  the  Cuban  rebellion  in  the  nineties. 

Mr.  Atkins  has  seen  a  great  evolution  in  this  important  field  of  tropical  agriculture  and 
industry,  not  only  in  the  methods  of  cultivation,  but  also  in  the  progress  of  mechanical  perfec- 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


27 


tion  and  in  the  financial  problems  involved  and  in  the  question  of  handling  the  product  thereof. 
In  social  phases  of  this  industry  as  well,  has  he  been  n  ost  active  and  sj  iiipathetic  towards  those 
identified  with  the  incUistry  as  workmen,  with  particular  reference  to  their  housin>r  proidem 
and  to  just  and  fair  compensation.  For  this  is  he  beloved,  not  only  in  his  district  of  Cienfaegos, 
but  all  over  Cuba  where  his  true  friendship  for  tlie  island  is  well  understood.  He  has  con- 
ducted for  many  years  at  his  own  exj)ense  and  under  the  patronage  of  Harvard  University  a 
Tropical  Experimental  Garden  near  Soledad,  where  he  has  been  very  successful  in  the  hybridi- 
zation of  sugar  cane,  producing  m^any  new  varieties  of  considerable  con  .m.erciai  valae.  For  this 
work  he  has  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Harvard  University  in  the  year  1903. 
These  gardens  have  become  well  known  throughout  the  world  of  agricultural  circles  and  are 
frequently  visited  hy  scientists  from  many  lands,  representing  goverrunent  and  private  interests, 
who  have  benefitted  from  the  public-spirited  initiative  of  Mr.  AtKins. 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


SUGAR    CONSUMPTION    IN    UNITED    STATES 
INCREASES 

The  increase  in  consumjition  of  sugar  in 
the  United  States  has  been  greater  than  the 
increase  in  population,  according  to  figures  in 
Bulletin  47.3,  recently  prepared  by  the  Bureau 
of  Crop  Estimates  of  the  United  States  De- 
partment of  Agriculture.  The  total  consump- 
tion of  sugar  in  this  country  for  the  decade 
ending  with  the  fiscal  year  1912-13  was  42.9 
per  cent,  greater  than  the  consumption  for 
the  preceding  decade,  while  the  population 
for  the  same  period  increased  only  21  per  cent. 

The  country  is  not  only  using  more  sugar, 
but  it  is  ])roducing  a  larger  portion  of  its  total 
supply.  During  the  decade  ending  with 
1912-13,  as  compared  with  the  decade  ending 
with  1902-03,  the  percentage  of  the  total 
supplv^  produced  at  home  increased  36.6  per 
cent.,  and  the  supply  from  noncontiguous 
possessions  64.4  per  cent.,  while,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  percentage  imported  from,  foreign 
countries  decreased  20.9  per  cent.  The  total 
world  production  of  both  beet  and  cane  sugar 
has  nearly  doubled  during  the  last  20  years 
and  increased  from.  11,000,000  tons  during 
the  sugar  year  1S93-94  to  20,000,000  tons  in 
1912-13. 

Modern      Equipment      Provided    for     Cuban 
Factories. 

In  Cuba  the  sugar  factories  have  been 
improved  by  the  use  of  modern  equipment, 
with  the  result  that  although  the  number  of 
factories  slightly  decreased,  the  output  of 
sugar  during  the  last  10  years  has  been  more 
than  doubled.  During  the  last  20  years  about 
9.5  per  cent,  of  the  sugar  proauced  in  Cuba 
was  exported,  of  which  about  90  per  cent, 
came  to  the  United  States.     In  Mexico  the 


lowlands  along  the  coast  are  well  adapted  to 
the  growing  of  cane,  and  as  many  as  10  crops 
moy  he  harvested  from  one  planting.  Despite 
"unfavorable  conditions,  the  production  of 
sugar  there  during  the  five  years  1903-04  to 
1907-08  increased  29.4  per  cent,  as  compared 
with  the  preceding  five  years,  and  the  output 
of  sugar  during  the  five  years  1908-09  to 
1912-13  increased  33.8  per  cent.  In  nearly  all 
of  the  beet-growing  countries  of  Eurojie  the 
sugar  factories  have  decreased  in  num.ber^ 
but  by  the  use  of  im.proved  methods  the 
output  of  sugar  has  increased. 


STANDARD  SCALE  PROPOSED  FOR  SUGAR 
ANALYSIS 

More  than  20  different  scales  have  been 
employed  in  sugar  analvsis,  with  the  resulting; 
development  of  considerable  misunderstand- 
ing in  the  industries.  In  cooperation  with 
others  who  sought  a  rem.edy  for  this  uncer- 
tainty, the  United  States  Bureau  of  Standards 
has  made  a  study  of  the  problem,  and  a  new 
scale,  together  with  tables  for  its  use  giving 
equivalents  in  per  cent  sugar  and  specific 
gravity,  was  constructed. 

The  Baume  scales  are  arbitrary  and  are 
used  considerably  in  the  industries  for  deter- 
mining the  density  and  per  cent  sugar  in 
solutions.  The  great  importance  of  these  was 
shown  by  the  action  of  the  Association  of 
Official  Agricultural  Chemists,  which  at  its 
last  meeting  recommended  that  the  Bureau 
of  Standards  prepare  an  official  Baume  scale 
for  use  in  the  sugar  industries.  Previous  to 
that  time  the  bureau  had  recognized  the  need 
of  such  a  scale,  and  had  conferred  with  several 
persons  prominent  in  the  field  of  sugar  analy- 
sis.   Visits  to  commercial  plants  in  Baltimore 


28 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


and    Philadelphia   furnished    additional   evi- 
dence that  uniformity  was  needed. 

The  new  scale  is  to  be  used  at  20°  C.  The 
standard  temperature  in  sugar  analysis  is 
20°  C.  The  advantages  as  well  as  the 
necessity  of  the  new  Bureau  of  Standards 
Baume  scale  are  shown  by  the  following: 
First,  it  is  based  upon  the  specific  gravity 
values  of  Plato,  which  are  considered  the 
most  reliable  of  any  available;  second,  it  is 
based  on  20  C,  the  most  convenient  and 
widely  accepted  temperature  for  sugar  work; 
third,  it  is  based  on  the  modulus  145,  which 
has  already  been  adopted  by  the  Manufac- 
turing Chemists  Association  of  the  United 
States,  by  the  Bureau  of  Standards,  and  by 
all  American  manufacturers  of  hydrometers. 
— Commerce  Reports. 

SUGAR  IN  ENGLAND. 

According  to  an  article  in  tlie  Financial 
Mail  of  London,  the  political  disturbance  in 
Cuba  has  already  made  itself  felt  by  increasing 
the  sugar  shortage  in  the  United  Kingdom. 
It  seems  to  be  thought  that  the  shortage  of 
the  Cuban  sugar  crop  has  already  made  some 
difference  in  the  supply  going  to  the  United 
Kingdom.  It  is  stated,  however,  that  the 
prospect  of  the  sugar  crop  of  Natal  is  en- 
couraging and  that  the  cultivation  of  sugar 
is  attracting  much  more  attention  in  the 
colony  of  ^Mozambique,  which  is  very  well 
suited  to  the  cultivation  of  sugar  cane  and  has 
already  attracted  British  capital. 

ST.  CROIX 

The  following  figures  show  the  amounts  of 
■sugar  exported  from  St.  Croix  during  the 
past  16  years: 

Amount 
Year  Tons. 

1900 12,9X5 

1901 9,244 

1902 13,014 

1903 17,080 

1904 11,481 

1905 13,637 

1906 6,182 

1907 10,998 

1908 11,483 

1909 3,955 

1910 10,836 

1911 10,496 

1912 9,865 

1913 5,968 

1914 5,206 

1915 4,015 


CUBAN  SUGAR  CROP 

Under  present  outlook,  and  with  normal 
weather,  2,500,000  tons  i.^  believed  to  be  possi- 
ble maximum  sugar  crop.  Fires  interrupted 
railway  traffic  and  labor  disturbances  have 
caused  great  decrease  in  output,  estimate  of 
which  was  too  high  in  beginning,  owing  to 
character  of  cane  in  large  sections.  Maximum 
stated  represents  decrease  from  early  estimate 
of  about  800,000  tons.  Little  authoritative 
information  is  available  as  to  amount  of 
decrease  attributable  to  revolution,  but  loss 
of  500,000  tons  seems  conservative  estimate, 
— American  Consul  General,  Havana. 


AMENDED  ESTIMATE 

The  American  consul  general  at  Habana, 
Cuba,  states  that  the  figures  of  the  probable 
Cuban  sugar  crop  transmitted  March  28  may 
be  increased  by  at  least  10  per  cent. 


PRESTON 


The  United  Fruit  Company's  mill  at  this 
point  has  just  completed  the  installation  of 
six  large  new  settling  tanks  to  replace  twenty 
of  the  old  style,  also  four  complete  Sanborn 
Evaporators  with  one  LiUie  additional,  and 
new  heaters,  preparatory  to  the  additional 
unit  to  be  installed  at  this  mill  to  be  ready 
for  next  season's  grinding. 


The  United  Fruit  Company  is  having 
thousands  of  acres  of  land  cleared  and  plowed 
in  the  vicinity  of  Nipe  Bay  along  the  new 
extension  of  their  railroad  from  Preston, 
preparatory  to  planting  in  cane  for  next 
season's  grinding. 


FORMOSA  SUGAR 

When  Formosa  was  taken  over  by  the 
Japanese  in  1895,  the  sugar  production 
amounted  to  75,000  tons  per  anniun.  Lender 
the  Japanese  adminstration  the  annual  pro- 
duction is  now  350,000  tons. 

SUGAR  CROP  IN  GUADELOUPE. 

Owing  to  the  heavy  demand  in  France  for 
sugar  the  prospects  are  that  the  prices  for 
this  commodity  will  be  high.  The  annual 
export  of  sugar  from  the  colony  averages 
about  40,000  tons. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


29 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


SUGAR  TRADE  IN   1916 

Messrs.  Wm.  Connal  &  Co.,  Glasgow,  in 
their  review  of  the  sugar  trade  for  19U),  say: 
"The  .Roj'al  Commission  on  the  Sugar  Supply 
has  contiinied  to  exercise  entire  control  of  the 
sugar  market  during  the  past  year.  It  has 
successfully  overcome  ail  difficulties  of  freight 
and  exchange,  and  has  succeeded  in  keeping 
the  refineries  of  London,  Liverpool  and  Green- 
ock in  full  employment.  This  of  late  has  been 
no  easy  task,  as  supplies  have  been  coming 
from  Java  and  have  been  of  uncertain  arrival. 
On  several  occasions  the  deiay  of  a  few  hours 
on  the  passage  would  have  throwai  refiners 
out  of  work,  but  fortunately  a  timely  arrival 
has  generally  relieved  the  situation.  The  Com- 
mission has  likewise  been  enabled  by  the 
averaging  of  purchases  judiciously  made,  to 
supply  refiners  wath  raw  sugar  at  an  imchanged 
short  price  since  February  28,  notwith- 
standing the  numerous  and  important  fluctua- 
tions in  the  chief  countries  of  production. 
The  principal  source  of  the  raw  sugar  supply 
has  been  Cuba,  where  a  record  crop  of  3,007,- 
000  tons  has  been  reaped  against  2,592,000 
tons  the  previous  season,  and  so  productive 
is  this  island  that,  under  the  stimulating  in- 
fluence of  a  highly  remunerative  price  the 
coming  crop  may  with  favorable  weather, 
possibly  exceed  3,500,000  tons.  When  it  is 
considered  that  the  average  price  of  the  last 
pre-war  Culjan  crop,  basis  96  per  cent,  polari- 
sation, was  about  8s  to  9s  per  cwt.  f.  o.  b.,  and 
that  during  the  past  year  it  has  averaged 
about  18s.  to  19s.  per  cwt.  f.  o.  b.  it  will  be 
seen  how  great  the  inducement  has  been  for 
the  Cuban  planter  to  extend  his  cultivation, 
and  how  financially  capable  he  is  to  equip  his 
estates  with  plant  of  the  newest  and  most  im- 
proved description.  It  is  thought  not  un- 
likely that  Cuba  may  follow  the  lead  of  the 
Java  planter,  and  adapt  his  plant  to  the  manu- 
facture, in  part,  of  white  sugar  suitable  for 
direct  grocery  consumption.  Java,  next  to 
Cuba,  has  contributed  largely  to  the  raw 
sugar  supply.  The  present  crop  has  been 
somewhat  reduced  by  drought,  but  that  now 
maturing  gives  promise  of  proving  a  record — 
namely,  1,560,000  tons,  against  1,198,000 
tons  in  1916.  The  Java  crop  is  more  inacces- 
sible than  that  of  Cuba,  as  it  is  near  to  the 
Eastern  markets,  and  in  some  seasons  is 
largely  drawn  upon  by  India,  Burmah  and  not 


infrequent I3'  by  China.  The  proi:ortion  of 
white  sugar  now  manufactured  there,  is  of  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  readily  saleable  for  groc- 
ery purposes.  The  entire  production  of 
Mauritivis  crystals,  amounting  to  wen-nigh 
200,000  tons,  was  secured  by  the  Commission, 
but  inider  an  arrangement  entered  into  with 
the  French  Government  early  in  the  year  to 
make  purchases  on  combined  account,  the 
cargoes  of  these  sugars  as  they  come  forward, 
are  being  ordered  to  the  French  ports.  Our 
own  West  India  Crown  colonies  have  proved 
disappointing,  and,  notwithstanding  remuner- 
ative prices,  they  have  showm  little  or  no  ex- 
pansion in  their  cultivation.  It  is  well  under- 
stood that  they  are  capable  of  raising  greatly 
increased  crops — -that  Jamaica,  now  produc- 
ing only  15,000  tons  for  export,  could  be  made 
to  yield  40,000  to  50,000  tons,  and  that  British 
Guiana,  with  its  present  crop  of  120,000  tons, 
possesses  sufficient  area  for  immense  exten- 
sion. It  would  appear,  however,  that  without 
guarantee  of  security  against  unfair  competi« 
tion  in  the  future,  the  requisite  capital  for 
such  extensions  cannot  be  obtained. 

It  is  further  stated  in  the  report  that  the 
consumption  of  sugar  in  the  United  Kingdom 
in  1913  was  about  1,800,000  tons,  of  which 
940,000  were  produced  by  our  own  refineries, 
and  the  remaining  860,000  were  imported 
chiefly  from  Germany  and  Austria.  The  con- 
sumption for  the  past  year  has  been  reduced 
to  about  1,400,000  tons,  of  which  850,000  have 
been  from  our  own  refineries,  and  550,0000 
tons  have  been  importations  and  stocks  of 
white  Java,  American  granulated,  and  Mauri- 
tius crystals.  The  market  could  readily  have 
absorbed  a  much  larger  quantity  of  refined, 
and  it  is  hoped  that  under  the  guidance  of  the 
new  Controllers  of  Food  and  Shipping  more 
liberal  importations  of  refined  may  be  ren- 
dered possible  during  1917. 


SUGAR  IN   1916. 


January. — At  the  commencement  of  the 
year  a  certain  degree  of  hesitancy  was  shown, 
although  the  military  position  gave  no  hopes 
of  a  speedy  termination  of  hostilities.  A  re- 
vision of  the  stocks  in  the  United  Kingdom 
disclosed  the  fact  that  the  existing  figure  had 
been  too  high  and  that  there  were  only  119,000 
tons  available  on  January  1,  compared  with 


30 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY 


465,000  tons  twelve  months  previously,  the 
total  home  consmnption  tor  the  year  ended 
December  31,  1915,  having  been  1,650,209 
tons  compared  with  1,683,834  tons  in  1914. 
The  arrivals  from  foreign  countries  durmg  the 
ear.y  part  of  the  month  were  very  small,  and 
consisted  largely  ot  American  sugar,  which  had 
suffered  badly  on  the  voyage  from  fire  and 
water.  In  producing  countries  the  prospect  of 
a  large  crop  in  Cuba  seemed,  already  likely  to 
be  reached,  judging  by  the  numlier  of  fac- 
tories at  work,  and  the  feverish  haste  to  secure 
the  good  prices  obtainable.  The  pressure  to 
sell,  however.  l)y  holders  brought  about  a 
sharp  decline  for  96%  Cuban  centrifugal, 
though  so  far  as  the  American  stocks  were 
concerred  they  were  at  a  low  point,  Isut  so 
were  the  requirements  of  their  refiners.  It 
may  here  be  remarked  that  the  United  States 
consumption  for  1915  was  3,802,000  tons 
against  3,761,000  tons  in  1914.  The  home  de- 
mand continued  unabated  and  as  the  im- 
ports of  raw  sugar  and  foreign  refined  con- 
tinued small,  the  Commission  for  Sugar 
Supply  were  compelled  to  raise  their  prices 
2s  6d  per  cwt.  for  granulated  and  crystals  and 
this  was  followed  by  a  similar  advance  in  West 
Indian    crystallized. 

In  February,  which  in  noi'mal  times  is  the 
dullest  sugar  month  of  the  year,  the  demand 
remainded  good,  with  moderate  supplies  and 
higher  rates,  followed  by  a  sharp  reminder 
from  the  Royal  Commission  that  imports 
would  of  necessity  be  fiu'ther  reduced  result- 
ing for  a  time  in  a  strong  tendency  to  antici- 
pate the  effect  of  the  above  pi-onouncement . 
A  large  lousiness  in  low  brown  Eastern  sugars, 
to  be  imported  under  license,  had  been  done 
for  some  time  and  now  became  further  ex- 
tended, while  a  speculative  outburst  in  West 
Indian  crystallised  raised  values  from  7s  to 
10s  per  cwt.  Towards  the  close  of  the  month, 
larger  imports  of  raw  occurred,  to  the  reiief  of 
the  refiners  who  were  very  short  of  supplies. 
On  the  2Sth  a  further  advance  of  2s  per  cwt. 
on  certain  kinds  controlled  by  the  Royal  Com- 
mission was  made,  while  at  intervals  further 
purchases  of  Cuban  raws  for  Europe  were  re- 
ported. 

In  March,  the  position  of  sugar  stocks  in- 
France  caused  the  French  Government  to  as- 
sume control  and  to  prohibit  the  private  im- 
portation of  the  article,  while  in  the  United 


Kingdom  the  Commission  fixed  the  price  of 
West  Indiian  raw  to  prevent  further  specula- 
tion. Diu'ing  the  month  the  arrivals  of  sugar 
of  all  kinds  were  larger  tlian  hitherto,  but  the 
operation  cf  making  it  ready  for  delivery  was 
so  tedious  that  at  no  time  was  any  great 
quantity  offered  to  the  dealers. 

The  following  month  of  A  pril  contained  the 
new  Budget,  in  which  the  duty  on  sugar  was 
advanced  J^d  per  lb.,  necessitating  an  addi- 
tion of  4s  73^d  to  cubes,  and  4s  73^d  to  4s 
lOKd  per  cwt.  to  other  refined.  The  new 
basis  for  West  Indian  crystallized  was  fixed  at 
41s  7J^d  for  fair  average  quality  with  a  vary- 
ing range  of  Is  6d  per  cwt.  up  or  down  accord- 
ing to  quality.  Towards  the  middle  and  end 
of  the  month  the  Commission  was  rejiorted  to 
have  made  very  large  forward  ])urchases  of 
white  cane,  at  advancing  prices,  to  the  extent 
of  450,000  tons.  The  tone  of  the  foreign  mar- 
kets at  this  period  was  firm  ever5'A\rhere,  the 
height  of  the  Cuban  crop  having  been  reached 
and  passed  some  little  time  previously,  owing 
to  a  large  falling  off  in  the  number  of  fac- 
tories at  work  at  the  close  of  April.  This  was 
reflected  in  the  tone  of  the  Ajnerican  markets, 
which  had  risen  2s  per  cwt.  diu'ing  the  month. 

In  May  however  a  consideralale  part  of  the 
advance  was  lost,  owing  to  the  temporary  sus- 
pension of  purchases  on  behalf  of  the  United 
Kingdom. 

Eariy  in  June  the  arrivals  were  heavier 
totalling  in  the  first  week  of  the  month  some 
61,000  tons  of  raw  and  refined  (principally  the 
former),  compared  with  about  15,000  tons  in 
the  same  period  of  1915,  but  the  stocks  here 
were  too  moderate  to  admit  of  any  hope  of 
lower  prices.  Indeed  early  in  the  month  a  re- 
newal of  purchases  of  American  granulated 
on  behalf  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  France 
at  a  .slight  advance  was  reported,  while  the 
heme  demand  was  fully  capable  of  dealing  with 
the  moderate  quantity  distributed.  An  event 
of  interest  during  this  period  was  the  arrival 
of  4,500  tons  of  Canadian  granulated,  and 
further  large  purchases  of  Cuban  centrifugals 
for  shipment  here  and  to  France  at  a  further 
advance  were  reported  the  month  closing  as  it 
had  begun  with  the  importation  of  large  quan- 
tities of  sugar.  During  the  first  six  months 
there  had  been  received  in  the  United  King- 
dom 566,713  tons  of  raw  cane  and  261 ,225  tons 
of  refined  sugar,  which  together  showed  a  sur- 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


31 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


plus  of  117,712  tons  when  coinparcd  with  last 
year,  while  our  stoc^ks,  which  stood  at  119,000 
tons  on  January  1,  were  now  163,150  tons. 
These  figures,  however,  included  a  large 
quantity  of  low  brown  cane  sugar,  which  was 
largely  in  the  hands  of  si)cculators,  and  which 
had  to  be  held  for  some  months  before  any 
profit  accrued.  Later  in  the  year  this  sugar 
rose  by  leaps  and  bounds,  and  in  the  absence 
of  other  kinds  was  readily  taken  for  grocery, 
and  indeed  every  and  any  purpose  that  it 
could  possibly  be  put  to.  Up  to  June  30,  the 
home  consumption  amounted  to  724,303  tons, 
a  decline  of  112,075  tons  when  compared  with 
-January-June,  1915 — an  important  result,  due 
not  to  any  question  of  high  prices,  but  entirely 
to  the  regulations  attaching  to  the  control. 

July. — -In  the  month  of  July  the  Royal 
Commission  advanced  the  price  of  white  Java 
for  fair  average  quahty  to  41s  l^d.,and  Maur- 
tius  white  crystals  to  40s  73^d.,  and  raw 
crystals,  basis  92°  net  analysis,  to  36s  3d,  but 
left  other  sugars  unchanged.  Towards  the 
middle  of  the  month  the  purchase  of  170,000 
tons  of  new  crop  Mauritius  crystals  by  the 
Royal  Commission  was  announced  for  later 
delivery,  and  it  subsequently  transpired  that 
the  whole  of  this  sugar  was  destined  for  France. 
British  i-efiners  and  dealers  were  now  being 
well  supplied  with  sugar  owing  to  the  arrival 
of  some  of  the  Java  cargoes  contracted  for, 
while  prospective  wants  were  provided 
against  by  considerable  purchases  of  Cuban 
raw,  .^.merican  granulated  and  white  Java. 
Some  relief  to  the  large  stock  of  low  brown 
cane  was  experienced  at  this  time  by  the  re- 
shipment  of  a  fair  quantity  to  France.  Little 
change  in  value  in  foreign  markets  occurred 
during  the  month,  notwithstanding  the  occur- 
rence of  a  severe  explosion  in  New  York  by 
which  40,000  tons  of  sugar  were  reported  to 
have  been  destroyed. 

In  August  however,  the  American  markets 
became  distinctly  easier  for  a  time,  but  Java 
sugar  on  the  contrary  appreciated  in  value 
though  not  to  any  marked  extent,  the  covu-se 
of  these  markets  apparently  contirumg  to  be 
mostly  affected  by  the  amount  of  support  re- 
ceived from  the  United  Kingdom,  and  not 
from  any  happenings  to  either  the  important 
Cuban  or  Java  crops,  the  former  of  which 
broke  all  previous  records.     The  production 


of  the  island  anioiniti'd  ('\ctituall\-  to  ;!,0()7,- 
915  tons  with  prospects  of  a  furtlicr  licavv  in- 
crease in  the  succeeding  season. 

lousiness  in  the  month  of  September  was 
somewhat  restricted  owing  to  a  temporary 
shortage  of  the  better  kinds  of  grocery  sugar, 
but  considerable  attention  was  directed  to 
low  brown  cane,  which  was  now  being  offered 
at  relatively  cheaper  rates,  and  which  offered 
opportunities  for  speculation. 

Early  in  Oclober,  however,  the  Royal  C!om- 
mission  decided  that  future  licenses  for  sugars 
of  the  above  class  would  only  l)e  granted  on 
condition  that  they  were  sold  for  brewing  pur- 
poses. Considerable  activity  occurred  during 
the  month  under  review,  the  value  of  Cuban 
raw  for  prompt  shipment  advancing  3s  per 
cwt.;  but  new  crop,  of  which  accounts  were 
very  favorable,  remained  quiet.  Dealings  in 
refining  kinds  from  other  parts  of  the  world 
had  been  rendered  almost  imjjossible  owing  to 
lack  of  steamers,  l)ut  3,000  tons  of  grainy 
Peruvian  were  about  then  reported  to  have 
been    i)urchased. 

A  few  days  later,  in  November,  2,000  tons  of 
Brazilian  sugar  were  also  sold  for  the  Ciyde 
and  other  outports;  but  as  regards  stocks  actu- 
ally available,  they  had  now  been  reduced  to 
a  lower  figure  than  for  two  years  ]3ast  at  this 
time,  and  consequently  offerings  by  the  Com- 
mission were  small.  The  imminent  commence- 
ment of  the  new  Cuban  crop  had  its  effect  on 
the  American  markets,  and  compared  with 
prices  a  month  back  a  fall  of  3s  per  cwt. 
was  recorded  ior  new  crop  raw  sugar. 

The  last  month  of  the  year  opened  quietly, 
but  considerable  purchases  of  new  Cuban 
sugar  were  soon  made  for  the  L'nited  Kingdom 
at  steady  prices,  in  addition  to  an  important 
weight  of  Demerara  for  refining  purposes. 
Towards  the  close  large  arrivals  of  raw  and  re- 
fined cane  sugar  took  place,  and  the  distribu- 
tion were  on  a  larger  scaie,  but  the  difficulties 
in  obtaining  delivery  were  in  no  way  im- 
proved, and  many  retailers  were  bare  of 
stock  of  any  kind  at  Christmas  time.  The 
imports  of  raw  and  refined  to  the  United 
Kingdom  for  the  year  arrounted  to  1,541,254 
tons,  an  increase  of  36,212  tons  compared  with 
1915,  while  on  the  contrary  the  home  con- 
smnption  durinp  the  first  11  months  of  1916 
showed  the  important  reduction  of  250,284 
tons. — The  Produce  Markets'  Review. 


32 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


UNITED  KINGDOM 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 


IMPORTS. 


Unrefined  Sugars: 

Russia 

Germany 


One  Month  Ending 
Dec.  31 


1915 
*Tons. 


1916 
*Tons. 


Twelve  Months  End- 
ing Dec.  31 .         ^j 
1915       I         1916  " 
*Tons.    ;        *Tons. 


Netherlands 

Belgium 

France 

Austria-Hungary 

Java 

Philippine  Islands 

Cuba 

Dutch  Guiana 

Hayti  and  San  Don  ingo 

Mexico 

Peru 

Brazil 

Mauritius 

British  India 

Straits     Settlements 

British     West    Indies,     British     Guiana    & 

British  Honduras 

Other  Countries 


369 

5,250 

24,474 

873 


43,621 

3,072 

2,500 

722 


3,281 

16 

17,818 


5,780 

5,537 

614 


Total  raw  sugars. 


Refined  Sugars : 

Russia 

Germany 

Holland 

Belgium 

France 

Austria-Hungary 

Java 

United  States  ot  America. 

Argentina 

Mauritius 

Other  Countries 


Total  refined  sugars. 
Molasses 


Total  imports. 


3,281 
2,764 


58,127 


5,170 


31 


600 

39,512 

200 

345 

2 


1,829 
20 


63,695 


23,288 
79 


3 
265 


45,860 
10,242 


23,636 
4,336 


114,229i         91,667 


293,596 

6,038 

359,746 

1,596 

280 

113 

31,440 

23,281 

111,081 

866! 


289,465. 

68,198 

553,565. 

2,470' 

4 

50,602 

8,751 

80,867 

50 


116,383 
32,453 


69,527 
2,979- 


976,875      1,126,479' 

I 

2,140 


92,870 


7a 

4,276. 


35 


S 


105,117 

188,746 

29,056 

80,704 

6,859 


94,278- 

267,681 

251 

27,931 

16,270 


505,527: 
144,773 1 


410,765 
121,599 


1,627,175,     1,658,843 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


33 


EXPORTS. 


British  Refined  Sugars: 

Denmark 

Netherlands 

Portugal,  Azores,  and  Madeira. 

Italy 

Canada 

Other  Countries 


Tons. 


2 
900 


Foreign  and  Colonial  Sugars: 

Refined  and  Candj- 

Unrefinc/l 

Various  Mixed  in  lk)nd 

Molasees 


Total  exports. 


902 

28 
70 


255 


1,255 


Tons. 


123 


Tons.  Tons.    % 

1  1 

13o 

19  1  1 

1 
16 


4,764 


i  .      1 

4,472 


124 


4,936 

766 
1,327 


2,228 


164 1 


9,257 


*  CaJtiulAfaed  to  lbs  nearest  too. 

jAn.  Feb.  [Iah.  Apr.  Hay.  Jum  Jul.  Au6,  5ep   Oct    Hov    Dec 


Comparison  of 
Raw  Sugar  Exports 
from  Cuba  to  the 
United  Kingdom 
and  Europe  during 
1915.  1916  and 
1917  I  to  date). 


550aO0O."|    1    |-j    1    J    1 

^7 

spoaoM— 

t 

. 

rooam 

1 

_j 

/ 

t 

Z- 

• 

50QOOD 

/ 

I 

J 

!_                             _^ 

t 

li 

1 1 

• 

SOOOOD 

T 

t/" 

~i 

I       -^ 

r 

r 

AOOlOOO 

/■ 

^^ 

SSQOOO 

z 

—i 

7.- 

t 

z 

T 

^J^ 

zjKXwnc                        f- 

ZZ. 

.                              J 

t 

81 

I 

ZSOflOO - 

3l                          "7 

t           ^ 

S  / 

t          -U 

c 

*3J 

-cf-L 

) 

"^7 

l' — ?.- 

y 

ISOfiOD 

looftooc            r    '7     7 

^     J     ^ 

J        tj- 

t     J     t 

oosoo 

t       ft 

L    t/ 

90.000 

\J~  J'- 

i^ 

l^ 

Jam    rtB    Mah   4pb     M 

«»  jun    Jul   Aut    Sfo    On    n 

£N    Dec 

4,475 

943 
3,256 


901 


9,575 


Estimate 

Outi:)iit 

270,000 

82,000 

300,000 

60,000 

165,000 

30,000 

34  THECUBAREVIEW 

SUGAR  PRODUCTION 

The  serious  result  of  the  revohition  in  the  eastern  part  of  Cuba  is  clearly  reflected  in  the 
very  much  curtailed  production  of  the  following  three  Centrals,  which  have  been  obliged  to 
shut  down  at  this  earlj  date: 

Senado 

Jobabo 

Victoria 

735,000        172,000 

From  the  location  of  these  Centrals  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  a  wide  area  has 
been  most  seriously  affected  by  the  revolution.  We  are  pleased  to  state,  however,  that  from 
such  information  as  we  have  received  to  date  the  other  Centrals  in  the  territory  most 
affected  by  the  political  disturbance  have  not  suffered  such  serious  consequences,  and  while 
the  result  of  these  few  Centrals  cannot  be  considered  as  a  criterion  as  to  the  proportionate 
decrease  in  the  output  of  other  Centrals  in  the  eastern  part  of  Cuba, we  believe  that  these  figures 
justify  our  remarks  in  a  previous  number  of  the  Review  that  the  output  of  the  estates  in  this 
zone  will  be  reduced  to  at  least  50  per  cent  of  their  previous  estimates. 

Other  statistics  received  dm-ing  the  past  month  would  also  tend  to  confirm  the  figures 
published  in  the  March  number  of  the  Revieiv  showing  a  total  crop  not  to  exceed  2,750,000 
tons. 


APICULTURE   IN   CUBA 


Vice  Consul  H.   M.    Wolcott,   Hahana. 

Previous  to  the  war  Germany  took  a  large  share  of  Cuban  bee  products.  During  the  first 
year  of  the  war  there  was  a  decided  decrease  ia  the  market  values  of  honey  and  wax,  and  most 
producers  turned  to  other  lines  of  agricultural  endeavor.  However,  with  the  present  high  cost 
of  sugar  and  other  food  products,  honey  is  in  increased  demcind,  and  it  is  possible  that  the  indus- 
try will  receive  more  attention  in  the  future. 

Some  few  American  colonists  in  Cuba  have  devoted  themselves  to  the  apiary  industry  with 
success,  and  particularly  when  it  is  conducted  in  connection  with  the  citrus-fruit  industry.  But, 
ill  general,  apiculture  has  received  little  attention.  While  the  climate  of  Cuba  for  the  greater 
part  of  the  year  seems  ideal  for  the  success  of  this  industry,  there  are  adverse  features  to  be 
considered,  such  as  the  .necessity  for  artificial  feeding  of  bees  i.n  the  dry  seaso.n,  excessive  rains 
in  the  summer  months,  insect  pests,  and  susceptibility  of  bees  to  disease  in  this  climate. 
Countries  Buying  Cuban  Bee  Products — Beehives. 

The  exports  of  bee  products  from  Cuba  during  1914  and  1915  were  as  follows. 

Countries. 

Belgium 

Canary  Island 

France  

Germany 

Netherlands 

United  Kingdom 

United  States 

All  other  countries 


Wax. 

Honey. 

1914 

1915 

1914 

1915 

$4,523 

$103,014 

80 

$30 

5,886 

$3,097 

2;895 

17,140 

84,483 

155,119 

11,720 

53,964 

253,824 

17,873 

97 

1,150 

145,857 

220,722 

63,273 

89,020 

4,828 

1,605 

650 

332 

Total 251,491  240,230  384,898  364,563 

The  imports  of  beehives  in  1915  were  valued  at  $6,515,  all  coming  from  the  United  States. 

Other  beekeepers'  apparatus  imported  amounted  to  $3,499,  this  total  also  being  credited  to  the 

United  States. 

Beehives  and  other  utensils  used  in  connection  with  apiculture  enter  Cuba  free  of  duty. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW  35 


THE  SUGAR   REVIEW 


Specially  written  for  The  Cuba  Review  by  Willelt  &  (iray.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Our  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  March  7,  1917. 

At  that  date  Cuba  Centrifugal  sugar  96°  test  basis  was  quoted  at  434c.  per  lb.  cost  and 
freight  and  is  now  5  l/32c.  c.  &  f. 

During  the  interim  the  changes  have  been  as  follows :  March  9th,  4  5  IGc;  10th,  43^c.; 
r2th,  4i^c.;  13th,4  7/16C.;  14th,  43^c.;  15th,  4  5/16c.;  16th,  4Mc.;  19th, 43^c.;  21st,  4  7/16c.; 
23d,  4  9/16c.;  24th,  4^c.;  27th,  4^0.;  29th,  47^c.;  April  2d,  4  29/32c.;  3d,  4  29  '32c.;  4th 
4  ir^/Uw,.;    5th,  5  l/32c. 

From  these  quotations  it  will  \)v  noted  that  the  market  has  been  active  with  frefiuen^ 
change  of  prices  and  generally  on  the  advance  side  resulting  in  a  final  improvement  of  about 
54c.  per  lb.  Free  tluty  Porto  Rico  sugar  also  improved  from  5.14c.  to  5.89c.  per  lb.,  and  owing 
to  the  recent  declaration  of  war  with  Germany  the  freight  rates  have  now  to  be  increased  quite 
largely — in  some  instances  as  much  as  100%,  owing  to  increase  of  war  risk  insurance. 

This  results  in  Porto  Rico  prices  being  now  asked  at  parity  of  Cuba  Sugars. 

The  advance  in  prices  of  all  sugars  has  been  largely  in  anticipation  of  war  conditions  which 
are  now  realized  by  act  of  Congress.  The  war  influence  is  immediately  felt  in  the  speculative 
markets  today  by  rapid  advance  in  quotations  on  the  Sugar  Exchange  for  future  months. 
For  actual  sugars  the  market  is  very  strong  with  considerably  higher  pretention  by  sellers.  In 
instances  5J4c.  c.  &  f.  is  asked  by  Cuban  houses  with  fair  prospects  of  realization  soon. 

Also  a  new  feature  m  the  sugar  market  to  be  contended  with  soon  is  the  proposal  of  the 
Government  to  place  an  internal  revenue  tax  of  Ic.  per  lb.  on  all  sugars  going  into  consumption. 
If  this  is  carried  out,  as  it  is  likely  to  be,  the  one  cent  per  lb.  will  be  made  to  apply  to  all  sugars, 
including  Cubas,  Porto  Ricos,  Hawaiian,  Louisiana  and  domestic  beet  sugars  as  well  as  full 
duty  sugars. 

The  actual  final  effect  of  this  action  upon  the  price  of  Cuba  sugars  f .  o.  b.  or  c.  &  f .  or  duty 
jjaid  cannot  at  this  writing  be  forecast,  but  in  the  end  the  consumers  will  pay  the  cost  as  the  tax 
will  be  appHed  directly  to  the  sugars  which  go  into  direct  consumption  which  are  mostly 
refined  sugars  and  the  revenue  tax  will  be  collected  at  the  source  which  means  at  the  refinerj' 
or  beet  sugar  factory. 

The  influence  on  Cuba  and  other  raw  sugars  will  work  back-ward  from  the  refiner  who  must 
govern  his  purchases  of  raws  by  the  demand  for  refined  at  the  enhanced  prices  made  necessary 
by  the  tax.  Regulation  of  food  prices,  includiag  sugar,  by  Government  control  is  also  a  pro- 
position likely  to  come  into  operation  as  the  result  of  w^ar  preparations.  Certainly  conditions 
relating  to  sugar  and  its  probable  future  course  of  values  can  only  be  kno-ma  as  they  come  to 
pass  and  not  be  forecast  with  precision.  At  the  moment  the  sugar  market  is  strong  and  tending 
upward  both  actually  and  speculatively. 

If  speculation  is  carried  to  an  unusual  extent  it  is  our  opinion  that  the  Government  will 
step  in  and  regulate  prices  in  the  United  States  as  is  now  being  done  in  the  warring  nations 
abroad.  WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

New  York,  April  9,  1917. 


SUGAR  POSSIBILITIES  IN  PANAMA 

[Consul  General  Alban  G.  Snyder,  Panama  City.] 

Panama  is  said  to  have  good  timberland,  es- 
pecially in  the  Bayano  River  section,  which 
has  received  the  most  attention  in  the  past. 
The  best  sugar  lands,  it  is  believed,  are  in  the 
Provinces  of  Los  Santos  and  Veraguas. 

Leading  sugar  producers  in  this  country 
state  that  labor  in  the  sugar  section,  Los  San- 
tos and  Veraguas,  is  all  native,  and  the  daily 
wage  is  60  cents.  Cane  has  to  be  planted 
about  every  seven  years.    Malaria  prevai's  in  It  is  estimated  that  the  consumption  of 

the  lowlands.     Transportation  facilities  are      sugar  in   Spain  amounts  to   approximately 
poor.  10,000  metric  tons  per  month. 


The  Star  and  Herald  of  this  city  publishes  an 
interview  with  Dr.  Edwin  Dexter,  of  the 
National  Institute  oi  Panama,  in  wh'ch  he 
expresses  the  belief  that  the  cultivation  of 
sugar  cane  could  be  greatly  extended  in 
Panama  and  that  the  great  future  of  the 
Republic  lies  in  that  product. 


SPAIN 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 


Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willett  &  Gray,  de  Nueva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  reseila  para  esta  publicacion  estaba  fechada  el  7  de  marzo  de   1917. 

En  esa  fecha  el  aziicar  centrifugo  de  Cuba  polarizacion  96°  se  cotizaba  d  4-3^c.  la  libra 
costo  y  flete,  y  ahora  se  cotiza  a  5-1 /32c.  costo  y  flete. 

En  el  interin  los  cambios  ban  sido  como  sigue:  marzo  9,  4-5/16c.;  el  10, 4-^c.;  el  12,  4Kc.; 
el  13,  4-7/16C.;  el  14,  4-3^c.;  el  15,  4-5/16c.;  el  16,  4-1^0.;  el  19,  4-^c.;  el  21,  4-7/16c.;  el  23, 
4-9/16C.;  el24  4-5^c.;  el  27,  444c.;  el29,  4-Kc.;  el  2  de  abril,  4-29/32c.;  el  3,  4-29/32c.;  el  4, 
4-15/16C.;  yel5,  5-1 /32c. 

Por  estas  cotizaciones  se  notara  que  el  mercado  ha  sido  activo,  con  frecuentes  cambios  en 
los  precios  y  generalmente  hacia  el  alza,  resultando  en  un  amnento  final  de  unos  ^^c.  la  libra. 
El  aziicar  de  Puerto  Rico  libre  de  derechos  tambien  subio  de  5.14c.  d  5.89c.  la  libra,  y  debido  d 
lareciente  declaracion  de  guerra  con  Alemania  los  precios  de  flete  hantenido  que  ser  aumentados 
ahora  en  gran  manera,  en  algunos  casos  hasta  un  100  por  ciento,  a  causa  del  aimiento  en  el 
seguro  de  riesgo  de  guerra. 

Esto  da  por  resultado  el  que  los  precios  que  se  piden  ahora  por  el  aziicar  de  Puerto  Rico 
esten  a  la  par  con  los  del  aziicar  de  Cuba. 

El  aumento  en  los  precios  de  todos  los  aziicares  ha  sido  en  gran  manera  en  anticipaci6n 
del  estado  de  guerra,  realizado  ahora  por  decreto  del  Congreso.  La  influencia  de  la  guerra  se 
deja  sentir  inmediatamente  hoy  dia  en  los  mercados  especuladores  por  el  aumento  rdpido  de 
las  cotizaciones  en  la  Bolsa  de  Aziicar  para  los  meses  venideros.  Respecto  a  los  aziicares  de 
actualidad,  el  mercado  es  muy  fuerte  con  indicios  de  precios  mucho  mas  altos  de  parte  de  los 
vendedores.  En  algunos  casos  plantadores  cubanos  piden  5-Mc.  costo  y  flete,  con  bastantes 
probabilidades  de  que  Uegue  A  realizarse  pronto. 

Asimismo  un  nuevo  caracteristico  con  que  habra  que  contar  pronto  en  el  mercado  de  aziicar 
es  la  proposicion  del  Gobierno  en  imponer  derechos  de  consumo  de  Ic.  la  libra  en  todos  los 
aziicares  que  se  destinen  para  el  consumo.  Si  esta  medida  se  lleva  a  cabo,  como,  probable- 
mente  lo  sera,  el  recargo  de  un  centavo  por  libra  se  aplicara  a  todos  los  aziicares,  incluyendo 
los  de  Cuba,  Puerto  Rico,  Hawaii,  Luisiana  y  los  aziicares  de  remolacha  del  pais  asi  como  los 
aziicares  que  pagan  derechos. 

El  efecto  final  que  verdaderamente  ejercera  esta  medida  sobre  el  precio  de  los  azucares  de 
Cuba  bajo  la  clausula  de  libre  a  bordo,  costo  y  flete  6  derechos  pagados  no  puedo  preverse  al 
escribir  esta  reseila,  pero  al  fin  y  al  cabo  los  consumidores  pagaran  el  costo,  pues  dichos 
derechos  seran  aplicados  directamente  a  los  aziicares  que  se  destinen  directamente  para  el 
consumo,  que  son  en  su  mayor  parte  los  aziicares  refinados,  y  el  impuesto  sera  colectado  e  n  las 
refinerias  6  fabricas  de  aziicar  de  remolacha. 

La  influencia  en  los  azucares  de  Cuba  y  otros  azucares  crudos  se  ef ectuard  primeram  ente 
desde  el  refinador,  el  cual  tendra  que  regularizar  sus  compras  de  aziicar  crudo  segiin  la  demanda 
por  aziicar  refinado  d  los  precios  mds  altos  a  causa  del  impuesto.  La  regulacion  de  los  precios 
de  viveres,  incluyendo  el  aziicar,  por  medio  del  dominio  del  Gobierno,  es  tambien  una  propo- 
sicion que  probablemente  se  pondra  en  operacion  como  resultado  de  las  preparaciones  de  guerra. 
Seguramente  el  estado  de  cosas  en  lo  que  se  refiere  al  aziicar  y  a  su  probable  curso  de  precios  en 
elfutuxosolo  se  puede  saber  a  medida  que  acontezca  y  no  puede  pronosticarse  con  precision. 
Por  el  momento  el  mercado  de  aziicar  es  fuerte  y  con  tendencia  al  alza,  tanto  realmente  como 
en  sentido  especulativo. 

Si  la  especulacion  se  lleva  d  un  extremo  no  usual,  nuestra  opinion  es  que  el  Gobierno  inter- 
vendrd  y  regularizara  los  precios  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  como  se  esta  haciendo  ahora  en  los 
palses  en  guerra  en  el  extranjero. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Nueva  York,  abril  9  de  1917. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


37 


Cable  Address   "Turnute" 


New  York— 64— 66  Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi- 
dends and  Interest  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 
Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 
and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 

HAVANA N.  Gelats  y  Ca.  LONDON — The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 

PUERTO  RICO — Banco  Comercial  d«  Puerto  Rico  PARIS — Hein*  et  Cie. 


PYREX  LABORATORY  GLASSWARE 


Pvrex  Glass — -a  new  borosilicate  glass  possessing  an  extraordinarily  low  expansion 
coefficient,  0.0000032,  and  great  resistance  to  sudden  temperature  changes. 

Chemical  stability  tests  show  Pyrex  glass  to  be  less  soluble  in  water  and  acids  and 
about  equally  soluble  in  alkalis,  compared  with  the  best  resistance  glass,  either  American 
or  foreign,  hithertofore  offered.  The  glass  contains  no  metals  of  the  magnesia-lime-zinc 
group  and  no  heavy  metals. 

The  low  ex]Dansion  coeffic'ent  makes  it  possible  to  make  Pyrex  beakers  and  flasks  with 
wall  slightly  thicker  than  usual— tnis  greatly  increases  the  dm-ability  of  the  vessels  without 
diminishing  the  resistance  to  sudden  heating  and  cooling. 

Descriptive  Price  List   Upon  Request 

EIMER  &  AMEND 


NEW   YORK  CITY 


PITTSBURGH,   PA. 


OTTAWA,   CAN. 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 

P,  O.   BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 

We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


28-24  in.    CxAGE,    8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom   Gondola 

ALL     STEEL     CONSTRUCTION 

Length  19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10  Tons. 

Weight  7,500  lbs. 

FIRST-CLASS    CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe  Flat  Cars 

PROMPT  SHIPMENT      .'.      LOW  PRICE 

RAILS,     LOCOMOTIVES,      CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 


325    Locust    St., 


Louis,   Mo. 


38 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and  Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


THE  NEW  JERSEY  ASBESTOS  CO. 


HOME  OFFICE: 

1  WATER  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

BRANCHES: 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Allentown 


Patent  "V"  Pilot  Packings  recom_ 
mended  for  High  Pressure  Steam  and 
Ammonia. 

Cable   Address:    "Gladiatrix,"    New   York 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1   WALL  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.   A.    MERCHANT 
J.  T.   MONAHAN 
CHAS.   F.   PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES     ■ 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.  Cashier 


Pedro  Pablo   Diago  Guillermo  Carricaburu. 

LOUIS    V.    PLACE   CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP    BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,  Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:   "PLACfi" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET         .-.  .-.         NEW     YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::         $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sample  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA    REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


THECUBAREVIEW  39 


POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

g-^  ¥   T    A   IVT   A      f    A  ^^     Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL   STATION   from 
VjlU/\iM/VJ  A.   I  5  A.  M.  to  8  p.  M.       Last  train  11.20  P.M. 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GW   T      W     ^T     r*      O  Train    every   hour    daily    from     CENTRAL  STATION   from 

VJ      1     IN     Hi     O  5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.     Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 

Fare,  80  Cents  Round  Trip,  $L50. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) $0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Cabaflas  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brass 

Castings.     Light  and  Heavy   Forgings.     All  kinds  of  Machinery   Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.   KLING,  Prop.  IV/iriRlI  V       Al  A 

JAS.  S.  BOQUE,  Supt.  IVlUDll-ll,     ALA. 


OILS,    GREASES 

and  other 

^OILfPRODUCTS^ 

of  tile  famous  "Zander"  brand 
made  of  the  best  Pennsylvania 
Oil. 


A.  C.  FABRICIUS     aceites,  grasas 

y  otros 

Productos  de  Aceite 

Marca  "Zander" 
manufacturados     de     los    me- 
jores  aceites   de    Pennsylvania 


82-92  Beaver  St. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Cable — Fabriciusa    Se  Busca    Agentes 


Telephone,  33  Hamilton.     Night  Call.  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:     "Abiworka,"  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forgings, Iron  and  Brass  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,   Oil  Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter  and   Joiner    Work 

"12?  Fm^'^^'sTREEt'^  )N..r  Hamilton  Ferry  BROOKLYN.  N.   Y. 

Agents  for  "Kinghorn"  Multiplex  Valve 

Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE 

TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 

CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Corr««pon<i«nc«  Solicited  from 
Intending       InTaators 

OFFICERS 
;^orman  H.  Davis      ....     -     President 

Oswald  A.  Hornsby  -     -     -     -  Vice-President 

Claudio  Q.  Mendoia       .     -     -  Vice-President 
L  M.  Hopgood     ...-.-    Treasurer 
Elogelio  Carbajal  ------     Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner    -     -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Dept 

P. 

RUIZ 

a 

BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

Ventilador  y  Soplador  scoplado  a 
Turbinas  Lee   "Corliss"  especialmente  para 
Homos  de   Bagazo  Verde 

LEE  TURBINE  CO.,  106  Wall  St. 

H.  F.  RUGGLES,  lOG  Wall  St.,  N.   Y. 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO   EN   1SG9 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Activo  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  Williairi  and  Cedar  Sts. 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en  Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espana  6  Islas  Canarias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

A    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeros  en  Libras 

Esterlinas    6   Pesetas,   valederas   estas   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la  Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -     -     -     OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established    1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the   Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi= 
ness — Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  GONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable  Address,  "Tide,  New   York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  vyriting  to  Advertisers 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1  No.l7  No.  3  No.  7  No.  5   ^ 

P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  A.  M.  A.  M.    S 


7.17 
A.  M. 


5.28 


8.50 

10.20 

P.M. 

1.00 

10.00 
11.00 


IP.  M 


5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 


3.10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.M. 

3.00 

3.30 


P.  M 


Havana 


INo.  2  No.18  No.  4  No.  8  No.  6  No. 10 

A.  M.  A.  .M,  P.  .M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  A.  .M. 


10.01    7.40 


Lv . .  Central  Station . .  Ar. 


11.58  10.10    58  Ar. 


2.18  12.33 


4.40! 

8.40 


6.45 
P.M. 


3.38 
6.45 

6.40 

8.00 

10.30 
P.M. 


109  Ar . 

179  -Ar. 
230  Ar. 

180  .\r. 
195:.Ar. 

241  Ar. 

276 1  Ar. 

I 
340  Ar . 

520  Ar. 
538  Ar. 


.  .  .Matanzas.  . 
. .  .  Cardenas .  . 

. .  .  .  Sagua . . .  . 
.  .  .  Caibarien . . 

,  Santa  Clara. 
.  Cienf  uegos . 


.Lv. 
.  Lv. 


.Lv. 
.Lv. 


Lv. 

.  Lv. 


.SanctiSpiritus.  . 
.Ciegode  Avila.  . 
.  .  .Camaguey.  .  . 


. . . .  Antilla.  .... 
Santiago  de  Cuba. 


Lv. 


7.36    9.13^  2.06    6.39    9.05    6 


5.31|  6 
12.45i  5 
P.  M.  A. 

8.00  . 

5.30  . 
A.M. 
12.10  . 


45  12. 
00 

M, 


P.M. 

8.25 

7.35 

4.55 

A.M. 

7.40 

6.55 


A.M. 


6.20 


4.44 
1.05 


12.00 
8.20 


8.00 
A.M. 


6.28 
4.25 


1.00 


9.15 

8.48 


6.15 
A.M. 


20 


00 
M. 


P.M. 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


From  Havana  to                                                           Berth  Compartment. 

Cienf  uegos $3.00  .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00  $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50  10.00 

Antilla 5.00  14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00  14.00 

ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


U.  S.  Cy. 
Antilla $23.33 


Batabano . 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

Cienfuegos 

Colon 

Guantanamo. . , 
Holguin 


1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines 

Madruga 

ManianiUo 

Matanzas 

Placetas 

Remedies 

Sagua 

San  Antonio 

Sancti  Spiritus. . . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 

"WEEK=END"   TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  *^WEEK=END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Send  three  cents  in  stamps  for  "Cuba — A  Winter  Paradise,"  a  beau-    ITnifAfl     Railurav*    nf     Hnvuna 
tiful  illustrated  booklet  describing   interesting  trips    in  Cuba  to     WIIIICU    ivauwajrs    Ul     itaTaiia 

FRANK  ROBERTS,  General  Passenser  Acent.  Prado,   118,  Havana,   Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET,  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Importacion    directa    de    todas    los 
centros  maiiufactiireros   del  mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espaiia 
Independencia  Street  17/2L 

MATANZAS,   CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 

OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

112      Wall      Street,      New      York 


Yard . 


Near   South  Street 
56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 


Telephones : 
Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING  ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
Piers,  Bridges,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


We  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all   classes    of    contracting    work    in    Cuba. 

New   York  Office: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Munro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,   Brooklyn,  N,  Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,   New    York 
Telephone,  2192  South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 
Maritime   Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers.  Spar  Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  push  ths  sales  of 

American  high  class  products.    Would 

represent  a  first  class  firm 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 


CO  M  M  I88IO  N 
MERCHANT 


M.  J.  CABANA 

p.  O.  Box  3,  Camaguey 

Handles  all  lines  of  merchandise  either  on  a  uom- 
mission  basis  or  under  agenoy  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  iniormaticn  about  lands  in  east- 
em  Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoslef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Miohelsen 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshipAgents&Ship  Brokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

Cahh:    "£«nf««««" 


Pleau  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertiaer$ 


THE     CUBA      REVIEW 


43 


S.S.  MUNAMAR 


NEW  YORK  CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER   AND  FREIGHT 


Steamer 
MUNAMAR... 
MUNAMAR... 

New   Yo 

Leave 
May     12 
May     26 

rk         Autilla 
Airire 
May     16 
May     30 

FREIGHT 

Nuovitas 

Ai'rive 
May     18 
June       1 
ONLY 

Nuevitas      New  York 

Leave                Arrive 

May    20         May    24 

June      3         June      7 

Regular 

sailings  for 
Padre, 

]\Iatanzas,  Car 
Cibara,  ]\Ia:iat 

ienas,  Sagua, 
1  and  Eanes. 

Caibarien,    Fto. 

MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

MUNISLA.  ^ Havana,  Cardenas Mav    1 

MITNPLACE Havana,  Matanzas,  Caibarien May    8 

MUNISLA Havana,  Sagua May  15 

ABSALON Santiago,  Cienfuegos Mav  16 

OLINDA Havana,  Matanzas May  22 

MUNISLA Havana,  Cardenas May  29 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER May  20,  for  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rcsario. 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A   STEAISIER May  10  and  24 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports   of  cal 

without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904=1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan, 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating     tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

-WILMINGTON.    DEL. 

S.   MORRIS  LILLIE,   President 


Grand  Prize  awarded  for  Locomotives  at  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  Furnished  on  Application 
REPRESENTATIVES     FOR     THE    WEST     INDIES: 

WALLACE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable   AddroBses:  "BALDWIN,    PHILADELPHIA,"   "LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisert 


1.00  A  Year       MAY   1917 

Published  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line  8Z"92  Beal 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Link-Belt  Cane   Car   Dumps 

FOR   QUICK   UNLOADING   FROM   CARS  TO  CANE  HOPPER  OR  CONVEYOR 


LINK-BELT  C'AXE  CAR  DUMPS  discharge  cars  without 
switchback.    One  man  handles  the  dumping  mechanism,  and  one  of  the  switchmen 
clamps  the  cars  in  place.    Link-Belt  Cane  Car  Dumps  are  made  of  metal  through- 
out, ruggedly  built,  and  g'.ve  reliable,  continuous  servics.    A  hydraulic  plunger  furnishes 
power  for  dumping.    Submit  your  requirements  to  us  for  estimate. 


Link-Belt  Company 


299    BROADWAY 
NEW  YORK 


JAMES  M.  MOTLEY 


71  BEAVER  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


Cable  Address:  JAMOTLEY,    New  York 

(All  codes  used) 

RAIL  AND  FASTENINGS 
FROGS  AND  SWITCHES 

CARS 
BOILERS,  TANKS,  PUMPS 


Direccion  Cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New  York 

(Usamos  todas  las  claves) 

RIELES  Y  ASEGURADORES 

RANAS  Y  CAMBIAVIAS 

VAGONES 

CALDERAS,  TANQUES,  BOMBAS 


Insist  upon 
Walker's   "LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"  Lion  "  Brass  Trade  M  ark  Labels  and  Seals  attached . 

D^?ip°Ivr^a,aiog  Jafflcs  Walkcf  &  Company,  Ltd. 

27   THAMES   STREET,    NEW    YORK   CITY 

,  Sole  Agent   for   Cuba 

JOSE    L.    VICUAAMIL 

Santa     Clara     2Q,     Havana,     Cuba 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


^  A  I^Ul^C    PARA  TODOs  usos  y  de  todos  tamanos,  de  los  para  cafia  con  cuatro    ruedas  y  capa- 

v^AIxrvvyiD    cidad  de   1  >^    toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toneladas 

Hacemos    una    especialidad    de   juegos    de    herrajes,    incluyendo    los    juegos 

de  ruedas,   complelamente  armados,  con  todas  las  piecas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

cumplclus    para    cvnslnur    los    carros    d    su    destino    de    maderas    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cable  Addrf.ss: 
Ramai.iam 


HOLBROOK    TOWING    LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 


Phone,  Broad 
1835-1836 


Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 

SOUTH  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A. 


Night  Phone 
4605    Sunset 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 

SUGARS 


RAW  AND 
REFINED 


82   WALL   STREET,   NEW   YORK 

Publishers  of   Daily   and  Weekly   Statistical   Sugar  Trade  Journal— the   recognized   authority  of  the  trade. 
TELEGRAPHIC   iNIARKET   ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensefia  uno  de  nuestros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cafia. 

Tenemos  otros  tipos  de  capacidades  varias  y  hemos  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carros  para  cafia  para 
U80  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  America-Central  y  Mexico,  que  tienen  jaulos  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
struidas  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  tie  la  cafia. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.U.A. 

Direcci6n  telegrdfica:     NALLIM,  New  York.  Produccidn  annual  de  mds  de   100,000   carrot 

Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B   CINT AS.  Oficios  29-31.  Havana. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


FOR  MOLASSES  USE 


MATERIAL 
FABRICATED 


Offie*  in  Tulsa. 
Oklahoma,   Callais  Bldg. 

2728  Whitehall  BuUdins 
NEW  YORK 


HAIVIOIND  T  AINK 


STEEL  TANKS 


COMPLETE 
OR  ERECTED 

Lo«  Angeles  Office 

414   Grosse   Building 

Spring  &   Sixth 

Agtntt  in  Cuba: 
ELLIS  BROTHERS 

San  Ignacio,   Havana,  Cuba 


BUILT  BY 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


30% 

mlis  de 


PATENTE  PELAEZ 

Esta  maza  puede  colocarse  faoilmente  en  cualquier  trapiche,  sea  de  dos  6  tres  mazas.  Machuca  bien  U 
oafia  desmenuzdndola  y  extray6ndole  almismo  tiempo  las  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  guarapo,  dejando  la  cafia  bien 
preparada  para  el  segundo  trapiche.  Ejecuta  todo  el  trabajo  de  una  aesmenuzadora  de  primera  clase  y  sin  m4s 
gasto  que  cuando  se  opera  con  una  maza  lisa.  Esta  maza  es  de  acero  y  se  ha  sacado  privilegio  para  ella  en  todas 
las  partes  del  mundo  donde  se  cultiva  la  cafia  de  aziicar.  Pues  envienos  un  dibujo  de  la  maza  superior  que  usan 
U  is  asi  que  de  su  eje,  y  les  cotizaremoa  precios  bajos  por  una  maza  completa  para  desmenuzar  la  cafia  de  este 
trapiche. 

NEWELL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  149  Broadway,  New  York,  E.  U.  A. 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  M 
5  15 
7  15 

P  M 
2  55 
4  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
PM 

P  M 
2  15 

4  15 

AM 
10  r 
12  15 

AM 
6  55 
8  33 

10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 

A  M 
6  15 
8   15 

Fare 

Istcl. 

.12.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 

7  30 
11  22 

AM 

P  M 

PM 

PM 

Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .Ar 

Ar Artemisa Lv 

.^r Paso  Real Lv 

Ar Herradura Lv 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio ....  Lv. 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 
3d  el. 
$1.10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 

AM 
7  49 
5  45 

AM 

AM 
11  09 
9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 

AM 
11  47 
9  45 

P  M 
3  49 
1  45 

P  M 
6  47 
4  45 

6  38 
3  00 
PM 

AM 

PM 

P  M 
7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
3  00 
1  30 
P  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo   Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho  Boyeros 15  cts. 

Calabazar 10  "       |  Santiago  de   las  Vegas    ....     20    " 

Rincon 25  cts. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

A  RE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
'^*-  Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


Please  Mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  uhen  Writing  to  Advertisers. 


THE  CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 
An   Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92   Beaver  Street,   New   York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 

$1.00  Per  Year  _--___-         10  Cents  Single  Copy 

Adverlising  Rates  on  Applicalion 

Vol.  XV                           MAY.   1917                              No.  6 
Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — A  Stream  in  Eastern  Cuba. 

Frontispiece — Felton,  Xipe  Bay. 

Page. 

.\11  .\round  Cuba: 

Bridge,  Mayari  River,  illustration 1- 

Church,  Sagua  I^a  Cirande,  illustration 1'^ 

Copper  Mining 12 

Dock  Workers Id 

Petroleum 10 

Sea  Captains 10 

Van  Home  Estate,  illustrated 11 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

Cuban  Market  for  Shoes 17 

Textile  Fibre  Plants 17 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co 20 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  S  'curities 20 

Report  of  the  Banco  Xacional  de  Cuba 23,  24,  2.") 

R-^-port  of  the  Havana  Electric  Railwav,  Light  &  Power  Co 21,  22,  23 

R'-port  of  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 25,  20.  27 

Santa  Cecilia  Sugar  Co 20 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban  Railroads 19 

C\ib;in  Covernment  Matters: 

Amnesty  Law R 

Captain  O'Brien .S 

Cuban  Tariff ^ i) 

Elections 7 

Export  Trade (I 

I'jxportation  of  Gold S 

Food  Commission 7 

Government  Land 7 

Havana  Schools 9 

National  Debt 8 

Postage  Stamps 9 

Guayaha  Falls,  Illustrated 13,   14,   l.i,   10,   17 

Sugar  Industry: 

Centrals  Finished  Grinding 3.") 

Chart,  Shipments  of  Sugar  to  Europe 34 

Chart,  United  States  Import  and  Export  Trade  with  Latin  America 33 

Punta  Alegre  Mill,  illustrated 2S,  29,  30,  31 

Six  Years  of  Trade  with  Cuba 32 

Sugar  Review,  English 35,  30 

Sugar  Review,  Spanish 30 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


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THL 


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CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL  ABOUT   CUBA" 

Copyright,  1917,  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line 


Volume   XV 


MAY,  1917 


Number   6 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


FOOD   COMMISSION 

In  view  of  the  high  cost  of  food  in  Guba, 
President  Menocal  has  appointed  a  commis- 
sion consisting  of  the  Secretary  of  Agricul- 
ture, the  Secretary  of  Justice,  the  Mayor  of 
Havana,  a  representative  of  the  Camara  de 
Comercio  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Sociedad 
Economica  de  Amigos  del  Pais. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  this  commission  to 
carrj'  on  a  campaign  of  education  whereby 
Cuban  agriculturists  will  pay  more  attention 
to  the  cultivation  of  crops  other  than  sugar 
and  tobacco.  It  is  well  known  that  the  soil 
of  Cuba  is  suited  to  the  cultivation  of  ar- 
ticles necessary  for  food,  but  it  has  been  the 
custom  of  the  Cuban  farmer  to  devote  his 
attention  almost  exclusively  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  sugar  cane  and  tobacco,  consequently, 
Cuba  imports  vast  quantities  of  foodstuffs 
which  might  be  raised  in  Cuba.  The  second 
object  of  the  commission  is  to  effect  prompt 
and  practical  relief  to  the  poor  Cubans  by 
means  of  an  appropriation  of  $200,000  which 
is  to  be  used  for  the  purchase  of  the  neces- 
sary articles,  the  purchases  to  be  made 
through  Cuban  foreign  representatives  and 
Consuls.  It  is  proposed  that  articles  pur- 
chased be  brought  to  Havana  and  from  there 
distributed  throughout  the  island  as  may  be 
needed  and  sold  to  the  consumer  at  the  prices 
fixed  by  the  commission.  This  scheme,  if 
successful,  will  be  in  effect  a  national  co- 
operative agency  and  will  result  in  the 
prompt  distribution  of  foodstuffs  at  a  low 
cost  to  the  ultimate  consumer. 


ELECTIONS 

The  final  results  of  the  elections'were  an- 
nounced on  April  12,  and  it  is  shown  that  the 
Liberal  party  won  in  the  Province  of  Havana 
with  32  electoral  votes  and  in  the  Province 
of  Camaguey  with  12  electoral  votes.  This 
makes  the  total  electoral  votes  of  the  Liberals 
44.  The  Conservative  party  won  in  Ma- 
tanzas  with  1.5  electoral  votes,  in  Santa  Clara 
with  28,  in  Pinar  del  Rio  with  15  and  in 
Oriente  with  2S,  making  a  total  of  86  elec- 
toral votes  for  the  Conservative  party.  ^This 
insures  the  reelection  of  President  IMenocal 
for  another  four-year  term,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  these  four  years  will  bring  political 
tranquility  and  material  prosperity  for  Cuba. 


GOVERNMENT  LAND 

A  bill  introduced  in  the  Senate  in  1913 
providing  for  a  division  of  Government 
owTied  land  now  idle  for  stock  raising  or 
farming  is  to  be  again  presented,  and  an 
effort  will  be  made  to  get  the  bill  passed. 

The  plan  is  to  give  from  one  to  five  ca- 
ballerias  of  land  to  any  Cuban  citizen  who  has 
a  good  record,  and  can  show  that  he  knows 
how  to  farm  or  raise  stock,  and  who  has  a 
family.  He  would  be  obliged  to  construct 
a  house  on  the  property  within  the  first 
eight  months,  either  raise  stock  or  cultivate 
the  land,  and  would  pay  no  taxes  for  the  first 
three  years.  He  would  be  subject  to  oc- 
casional visits  of  inspection  of  experts  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  could  not 
sell  the  land  or  transfer  it  to  a  third  person. 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN   GOVERNMENT   MATTERS 


NATIONAL  DEBT 

The  Ciibaa  iiationr.l  debt  is  at  present 
$68,S08,000,  and  in  her  national  UfeCuba  has 
paid  $11,500,000  upon  her  debts  by  amortiza- 
tion of  debts  as  the  bonds  came  (kie. 

This  debt  is  composed  of  the  following 
financial  operations: 

Six  per  cent,  revclutionary  bonds  issued 
by  Estrada  Palma  for  13,000,000,  som.e  18,000 
still  to  be  paid. 

Six  per  cent,  loan  of  .135,000,000  with 
Speyer  &  Co.  of  New  York,  for  payment  of 
salaries  of  Liberating  /-rm_y,  under  Estrada 
Palma's  Presidency,  irade  in  1904  and  ex- 
pires in  1944.  Taxes  on  slcohol  and  tobacco 
to  pay  bonds.    About  $6,000,000  paid. 

Four  and  a  half  per  cent,  loan  of  $16,500,000 
by  Gen.  Jose  Miguel  Gom.ez  with  Speyer  & 
Co.,  for  paving  and  sewerage  work  in  H.avana, 
amortization  to  begin  in  1919,  bonds  expire 
in  1949.  Ten  per  cent,  of  customs  duties 
go  to  pay  this  loan. 

Interior  debt  of  5  per  cent.  flOO  bonds 
to  complete  payment  of  Liberating  Army; 
$11,000,000  emitted,  and  some  $600,000 
aro.ortization  made. 

Loan  of  1914  of  President  Menocal  with 
J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co.,  under  Law  of  Economic 
Defense,  of  $10,000,000  at  5  per  cent.  Ex- 
pire in  1949,  and  15  per  cent,  of  custom.s 
duties  go  to  payment.  Amortization  begins 
in  1920. 

Treasury  bonds,  some  $5,000,000  emitted, 
under  present  Government  and  sam.e  law. 
Some  $3,000,000  amortization  of  bonds  made. 

This  makes  a  total  of  $11,500,000  paid  and 
$68,908,000  \et  to  be  paid. 


CUBAN  EXPORT  PROHIBITION  ON  GOLD 

President  Menocal  issued  a  decree  April  21 
forbidding  the  exportation  of  either  American 
gold  or  silver,  or  Cuban  gold  or  silver.  For- 
eign money  not  in  Cuba  will  only  be  per- 
mitted exportation  through  the  ports  of 
Havana,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Cienfuegos. 
Such  exportations  must  be  carefully  exam- 
ined by  custom.s  inspectors. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Government,  says 
the  decree,  to  guard  the  stability  of  the 
current  coinage  and  prevent  a  recurrence  of 
the  conditions  which  caused  the  establish- 
.m.ent  of  the  present  Cuban  monetary  system. 


AMMESTY  LAW 

As  a  i-esult  of  the  offer  of  the  Cuban  Gov- 
ernment to  treat  liberally  those  insurgents 
who  give  adequate  assurance  of  their  loyalty 
to  the  existing  Government,  the  Secretary 
of  Justice  has  issued  a  decree  which  will 
result  in  releasing  from  prison  all  persons  who 
were  imprisoned  for  the  sole  crime  of  se- 
dition and  rebellion,  and  who  subsequently 
voluntarily  gave  themselves  up  to  the  Gov- 
ernment. This  action  has  resulted  in  the 
release  of  a,bout  1,000  persons. 

CAPT.  JOHN  O'BRIEN 

On  the  20th  of  April,  Capt.  John  O'Brien, 
otherwise  known  as  Dynamite  Johnny  or 
Capt.  Unafraid,  was  tendered  a  reception 
at  the  Hotel  McAlpin,  New  York,  on  behalf 
of  the  Cuban  Government  on  the  occasion 
of  the  Captain's  80th  anniversary  of  his 
birth.  The  Cuban  Consul,  Dr.  Leopoldo 
Dolz,  and  a  large  party  of  Capt.  O'Brien's 
friends,  were  present,  and  the  following 
cablegrain  was  sent  by  President  Mario  G. 
Menocal : 

The  present  circumstances  make  it 
doubl>'  pleasant  for  me  to  extend  my 
congratulations  and  sincere  good  wishes 
on  the  occasion  of  your  SOth  birthday, 
as  the  course  of  events  has  proved  that 
Cuba  has  not  forgotten  the  magnani- 
mous aid  rendered  by  you  and  your 
countrymen  during  our  struggle  for  in- 
dependence. The  conflict  in  which  once 
again  Cuba  and  the  United  States  stand 
side  by  side  is,  in  my  judgement,  but  a 
prolongation  of  our  fight  for  liberty  on 
an  immensely  larger  scale.  May  you 
live  to  celebrate  many  more  happy  birth- 
days and  to  witness  the  triumphal  vin- 
dication of  the  ideals  to  the  defense  of 
which  you  have  dedicated  your  life. 


CUBA  RAILROAD 

The  Cuban  Ciovernment  has  decided  to 
advance  $1,000,000  to  the  Cuba  Bailrjad  for 
repairs  needed  on  that  line  as  a  result  of 
bridges,  trestles,  etc.,  being  destroyed  by  the  in- 
surgents. The  money  will  later  be  deducted 
from  the  sum  which  the  Government  must 
pay  the  railway  either  for  troop  transporta- 
tions or  for  indemnities. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 


CUBAN   GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


HAVANA  SCHOOLS 

The  r>nort  of  Dr.  Jose  M.  Carl)()iiell,  chief 
of  the  Service  of  .School  Hygiene,  states  that 
the  school  rooms  in  Havana  are  too  few  in 
number  and  defici.^nt  in  hjgienic  (jiialities, 
and  in  eciuipment  for  teaching. 

Only  four  schools  were  approved  by  the 
report.  The  others  are  lacking  in  ventilation, 
capacity,  light,  isolation  and  other  demands 
of  modern  school  hygiene. 

There  are  21,489  children  enrolled  in  Havana 
schools,  and  for  an  average  daily  attendance  of 
14,700  children,  there  are  onlj  76  schools  with 
379  class  room-s  in  all. 


CUBAN  TARIFF 


With  a  view  to  encouraging  the  domestic 
shoe  industr}',  the  Cuban  Governm.ent,  by  a 
decree  promulgated  December  1,  1916, 
exempted  the  following  articles  from  the  sur- 
taxes established  by  the  decree  of  Februarj-  1, 
1904,  provided  the  goods  are  imported  by 
shoe  manufactureres  for  use  in  their  own 
establishments  and  that  a  sworn  declaration 
to  that  effect  is  presented: 

Ornaments  for  shoes  and  bows  of  all  kinds ; 
celluloid  for  covering  heels;  fabrics  for  lining, 
insoles  and  toes;  pasteboard  in  sheets;  yarn 
and  thread  of  all  kinds;  varnishes,  polishes, 
waxes  and  pastes;  tanning  materials;  emery 
and  sandpaper. 

The  following  articles  are  exempt  from  sur- 
tax if  intended  for  use  in  the  shoemaking 
industry,  whether  or  not  imported  by  man- 
ufacturers of  shoes  for  use  in  their  own 
e.stablishments: 

Shoemakers'  lasts  and  tools;  nails,  tacks, 
eyelets,  buttons,  wire,  loops,  and  laces  of 
all  kinds  for  boots  and  shoes;  tanned  skins 
of  all  kinds  (except  chamois  skin  for  cleaning 
metal  articles  and  sole  leathers) ;  split  sole 
leather  for  insoles  and  special  sole  leather  for 
leggings;  counters  of  all  kinds;  fiber  and 
leather  board  for  heels  and  insoles;  canvas, 
elastic  webbing  and  other  fabrics  specially 
prepared  for  boots  and  shoes.  —  Customs 
Circular  No.  24,  1916. 


GOVERNMENT  BUILDING 

It  is  announced  that  the  new  building  of 
the  department  of  Government  will  be  opened 
on  Mav  20. 


NEW   ISSUE  CUBAN   POSTAGE  STAMPS 

The  accompanj'ing  photograph  is  a  repro- 
duction of  a  new  issue  of  the  Cuban  2c  post- 
age stamps  which  were  put  in  circulation  re- 
cently. It  is  expected  that  new  issues  of  other 
denominations  will  follow,  the  3c,  oc  and  8c 
stamps  appearing  about  May  10th,  and  the 
Ic,  10c,  20c,  50c  and  $1.00  stamps,  about 
June  1.  On  the  new  2c  stamp  there  is  a  photo- 
graph of  General  Maximo  Gomez,  and  on  the 
issues  that  follow  the  subJ3cts  will  be  other 
generals  of  the  wars  of  Cuban  Independence, 
as  has  been  the  custom  in  the  past. 


GOOD  ROADS 


The  necessity  of  the  construction  of  good 
roads  throughout  the  Island  of  Cuba,  es- 
pecially in  the  Eastern  provinces,  is  again 
being  agitated.  The  Cuban  Government  is 
hampered  by  lack  of  funds  for  this  work,  and 
it  is  hoped  that  sufficient  credit  will  be  given 
in  order  that  this  work  may  be  vigorously 
prosecuted. 

CUBA'S  TRADE  WITH  THE  UNITED  STATES 

The  predominating  part  which  the  United 
States  plays  in  the  commerce  of  Cubg,  is 
shown  by  the  fact  that  in  1913 — a  normal  year 
— we  exported  to,  and  imported  from,  Cuba 
more  commodities  than  all  the  other  countries 
combined.  In  that  year  Cuba  exported  to 
the  United  States  $132,581,549  out  of  total 
exports  of  $165,208,265;  and  imported  from 
the  United  States  $71,743,872  out  of  total 
im.ports  of  $135,810,590.  And  for  the  fiscal 
year  1916  Cuba's  total  trade  with  the  United 
States  exceeded  $300,000,000,  made  up  as 
follows:  Exports  to  United  States  approx- 
imately $257,000,000  and  imports  from  the 
United  States  approximately  $90,000,000; 
an  increase  of  more  than  35*;  ^  in  the  exports 
and  more  than  20%  in  imports  for  the  period. 


10 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


DOCK  WORKERS 

The  dock  workers  of  Havana  have  obtained 
their  demands  without  striking.  At  a  con- 
ference between  the  delegates  of  the  unions, 
representatives  of  the  companies  and  Sub- 
Secretary  Montalvo  as  mediator,  the  men 
received  all  they  demanded,  save  the  question 
of  higher  pay,  which  is  to  be  left  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury . 

The  men  received  the  eight-hour  day,  with 
working  hours  from  7  to  11  A.  M.  and  1 
to  5  P.  M.  for  day  work,  and  7  to  11  P.  M. 
and  12  to  4  for  night  work. 

The  dock  workers'  demands  have  been 
pending  since  February,  when  their  threat- 
ened strike  was  patriotically  withdrawn,  when 
the  revolution  broke  out,  in  order  not  to  em- 
barrass the  Government. 


SEA  CAPTAINS 


A  bill  was  passed  by  Congress,  which  pro- 
hibited Cuban  merchant  ships  or  ships  flying 
the  Cuban  flag  from  being  commanded  either 
by  foreigners  or  by  Cubans  who  had  been 
naturalized. 

President  Menocal  vetoed  the  bill  ow^ng  to 
the  present  state  of  war  and  the  scarcity  of 
sailors  of  Cuban  national  ty. 


SANTIAGO 


It  is  reported  that  when  the  rebels  evacu- 
ated Santiago  de  Cuba  they  carried  with 
them  $187,000  from  the  provincial  treasury 
and  $140,000  deposited  as  sureties  on  mining 
denouncements. 


HAVANA  COURTS 

President  Menocal  has  sent  a  message  to 
the  Senate  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  bill  passed  creating  three  new  courts  in 
Havana,  one  of  instruction,  the  correctional, 
and  one  municipal,  will  require  an  additional 
appropriation  to  be  effective. 


PETROLEUM 

Prospecting  for  oil  has  received  great  at- 
tention in  Cuba  recently  and  a  great  number 
of  oil  claims  have  been  requested  from  the 
Government.  The  press  of  late  has  devoted 
much  space  to  sensational  reports  of  dis- 
coveries of  oil  in  Cuba.  Up  to  the  present  the 
actual  results  have  shown  that  at  Bacuranao. 
some  15  miles  west  of  Habana,  the  Union  Oil 
Co.  has  two  wells,  whose  capacity  produces 
about  25  bbls.  of  oil  per  day. 


ORIENTE 


A  commission  of  Congressmen  from  Oriente 
province  visited  President  Menocal  recently 
to  ask  him  for  public  works  and  improvements 
for  Oriente. 


NICARAGUA 


A  representative  of  Nicaragua  believes  that 
its  production  of  tobacco  could  be  greatly 
increased  and  has  sent  a  request  to  Cuba  that 
expert  tobacco  planters  be  sent  to  Nicaragua 
to  engage  in  the  cultivation  of  tobacco. 


GERMAN  MINISTER 

Friedrich  von  Verdy  du  Vernois,  German 
Minister  to  Cuba,  sailed  May  1  for  New  York 
via  Key  West.  The  Minister  received  his 
passports  several  weeks  ago,  but  time  was 
granted  to  him  to  arrange  legation  affairs. 


VEDADO  TENNIS  CLUB 

The  board  of  directors  of  the  ^'edado 
Tennis  Club  has  placed  their  clubhouse, 
grounds  and  yachts  at  the  disposal  of  Presi- 
dent Menocal  for  whatever  use  the  Go\ern- 
ment  can  make  of  them  in  the  war  with 
Germany . 


HAVANA 


Statistics  of  the  captain  of  the  port's  office 
show  that  5,546  j^assengers  arrived  in  Havana 
during  the  month  of  April,  while  6,964  sailed 
during  the  same  period. 


SHARK  SKIN 


Cuban  waters  are  infested  with  sharks,  and 
it  is  reported  that  the  Cubans  have  been  ex- 
perimenting with  a  view  to  making  use  of 
shark  hides  for  leather  suitable  for  footwear. 
A  shipment  of  10,000  hides  to  New  York  for 
this  purpose  has  been  reported. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


11 


(liiiiiiids   ami    ]<csL(li'n(.-o,    Van    Home    Estate,    Cauiagi 


Entrance   to    Van   Home    Estate.    Camaguey 


VAN  HORNE  ESTATE 


This  property  was  acquired  by  the  1  ite  Sr.  \\'m.\'an  Biorne  to  be  used  as  his  residence  while 
in  the  city  of  Camaguey.  Improvements  were  under  way  to  remodel  the  residence  and  beautify 
the  grounds  and  gardens,  but  he  never  Hved  to  see  the  completion  of  this  work_,and  occupy  the 
premises. 

The  residence  is  a  magnificent  example  of  an  okl  Castilhan  castle  used  by  Spanish  aristo- 
crats in  the  old  days,  and  is  finished  throughout  with  native  mahogany  and  hardwoods.  From 
he  cupola  above  the  top  floor  an  excellent  view  of  the  surrounding  country  and  city  of  Cama- 
guey can  be  had.    The  gardens  and  grounds  comprise  a  plot  of  fifty  acres. 

Negotiations  are  at  present  under  way  between  the  Van  Home  heirs  and  the  city  of 
Camaguey  to  permit  the  use  of  the  estate  as  an  orphan  asylum  for  Cuba's  homeless  children,  and 
it  is  understood  that  the  Van  Home  family  wish  to  pre.sent  the  estate  to  the  city  of  Cama- 
guey as  a  charitable  gift. 


12 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


The  bridge  over  the  Mayari  river,  constructed  by  the  United  Fruit  Company  last 
season,  has  recently  undergone  extensive  repairs  demanded  by  the  Cuban  Government, 
including  the  lengthening  of  draws  sufficiently  to  permit  the  passage  of  certain  Go\ernment 
mail  boats,  and  the  500  foot  bridge  is  now  used  for  cane  traffic  originating  in  the  newly 
acquired  holdings  of  this  company  from  the  Dumois  interests  and  located  on  the  eastern 
border  of  Xipe  Bay. 


COPPER  MINING   DEVELOPMENTS   IN   CUBA 


Owing  to  the  apparent  extensive  undeveloped  mineral  rei^ources  of  Cuba,  minirg  experts 
have  been  induced  to  come  to  Cuba  in  the  recent  past,  and  the  rei-ult  cf  their  investigations  and 
reports  have  been  no  favorable  that  it  i:!  not  the  least  exaggeration  to  say  that  a  small  mining 
boom  is  on  the  way,  which  may  assume  large  and  imp nrtant  proportions  before  long.  The  easy 
old  Spanish  methods  by  which  mining  clairrs  in  Cuba  are  denounced,  giving  anyone  the  right 
to  stake  a  claim  wherever  he  believes  there  may  be  a  mineral  deposit  even  though  it  chances  to 
be  on  the  property  of  another  person,  has  resulted  in  an  immense  number  of  claims  being  estab- 
lished all  over  the  island,  and  almost  everybody  one  meets  nowadays  has  an  interest  in  a  mine  or 
a  claim.  The  majority  of  these,  of  course,  will  never  amount  to  anythmg,  but  among  a  few  of 
the  more  prominent  are  the  copper  mines  now  under  development  at  Fomento,  Santa  Clara  pro- 
vince, and  near  Bayamo  in  Oriente  province.  The  former  is  a  Cuban  organization  known  as 
the  Compania  Minera  y  de  Fomento  with  offices  in  the  Lonja  building,  and  was  recently  organ- 
ised to  develop  properties  near  Fomento  in  Santa  Clara  province.  The  President  of  the  com- 
pany is  Mr.  W.  W.  Lawton,  and  the  majority  stockholders  are  prominent  Cubans.  The  hold- 
ings of  this  company  are  said  to  be  the  m.ost  rich  in  copper  and  zinc  ore  yet  found  in  Cuba, 
which  were  originally  discovered  and  opened  up  by  Mr.  "\\'m.  C.  Watkins,  an  .American,  who 
had  to  find  financial  support  to  develop  his  claims  in  Cuba.  So  far  the  two  best  workings  of  the 
five  mines  under  way  on  this  property  are  th'fe  Los  Cerros  and  Josephine  mines  which  are 
yielding  8%  copper  and  30%  zinc  at  the  present  time. 

Another  copper  m.ining  development  which  is  attracting  considerable  attention  at  this 
tim.e  in  Cuba  is  the  'Serafina'  mines  of  the  Compania  Mineral  Del-Datil,  located  near  Bayamo 
in  Oriente  province,  but  no  official  report  as  to  the  percentage  of  ore  has  as  yet  been  made 
jjublic. 


THE     CUBA     R  E  \'  I  r  W 


13 


One  side  of  the  falls  and  one  of  the  numerous 
streams  passing  over  in  the  dry  season.  This 
view  shows  only  one-half  of  the  drop  from  the  top 
to  the    bottom,  giving  a  good  idea  of  the  heighth. 


THE    GUAYABA    FALLS 


Little  is  heard  of  these  falls  and  few  travelers  have  found  the  time  and  inc'ination  to  pay 
them  a  visit,  owing  to  their  location  in  a  remote  and  well-nigh  inaccessible  part  of  the  Mayari 
mountains  in  Eastern  Cuba.  SiflH£iHl!'li^ll 

They  are  situated  on  the  property  of  the  Bethlehem  Steel  Company  on  the  eastern  side  of 
the  Mayari  mountains  overlooking  Nipe  Bay  and  the  Gulf,  and  the  distance  from  Felton  on 
Nipe  Bay  is  sixteen  miles  to  Woodfred,  which  is  at  the  summit  of  the  incline  railways  and  where 
this  company  is  removing  millions  of  tons  of  iron  ore  yearly,  and  from  Woodfred  to  the  fall  is 
approximately  six  miles  over  mountain  trails  across  a  wild  uninhabited  country,  said  to  _con- 
tain  enough  undeveloped  iron  ore  to  supply  the  world  for  years. 


14 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Pines   and    Hardwoods  Along   the   Mountain   Trail    to   the   Fall 


The  trip  to  the  falls  is  far  from  being  a  comfortable  one,  and  the  only  means  of  getting  near 
them  at  present  is  by  ore-train  from  Felton  to  the  foothills,  thence  transferring  to  the  incline 
railways,  and  the  last  leg  of  the  trip  must  be  made  on  the  back  of  a  Culjan  pony  via  the  trail 
route;  this  list  feature  of  the  ourney  is  full  of  interest  and  excitem.ent,  and  if  the  bridges  over 
the  mountain  streams  are  washed  away,  as  was  the  case  when  the  writer  visited  the  falls,  it  is 
necessary  to  walk  or  wade  and  lead  the  pony  a  good  part  of  the  distance. 

All  along  the  trail  from  \^'oodf^ed  can  be  seen  the  red  iron  ore  yet  to  be  mined,  and  these 
hills  are  estimated  to  contain  five  hundred  million  tons  of  ore,  which  is  being  removed  at  the  rate 
of  one  million  tons  yearly,  leaving  a  supply  to  last  for  five  hundred  years  at  the  present  yearly 
output.  One  can't  help  imagining  when  riding  over  these  fields  of  untouched  ore  why  the  native 
Cuban  did  not  take  possession  and  mine  the  ore,  but  the  answer  one  gets  to  this  query  is  that 
the  Cuban  expected  to  find  the  iron  in  finished  bars,  rods,  etc.,  ready  to  be  used,  and  he  cou  d 
not  see  the  possibility  otherwise  of  securing  iron  from  the  soil.  For  the  first  few  miles  the 
pine  and  hardwood  trees  have  been  cut  down,  with  few  exceptions,  to  supply  timber  for 
building  the  many  frame  l)uildings  at  Felton  and  Woodfred;  also,  can  be  seen  nimierous  tapped 
and  withering  trunks  of  pine  trees,  the  result  of  drawing  off  the  turpentine  for  commercial  use. 
A  striking  and  pecuharly  noticeable  thing  along  the  trail  was  the  unusual  growth  of  large  trees 
on  the  mountain  side,  the  tall  pines  invariably  growing  on  the  hills  and  the  hardwoods  in  the 
valleys.  These  same  hardwood  trees  have  been  the  means  of  a  number  of  employees  of  the 
Iron  Company  furnishing  their  homes  complete  with  excellent  pieces  of  valuable  furniture. 

The  officials  of  the  former  Spanish-American  Iron  Company  are  credited  with  being  the 
first  visitors  to  the  falls  from  the  States  some  five  years  ago,  and  Mr.  C.  F.  Rand,  at  that  time 
President  of  the  company,  constructed  foot  bridges  across  the  trail  from  Woodfred  to  the  falls. 
He  also  marked  and  kept  the  trail  cleared  and  erected  a  handsome  pagoda  and  obseravtion  plat- 
form opposite  the  falls  from  the  native  bamboo  and  other  woods,  all  done  to  show  his  apprecia- 
tion of  this  natural  wonder. 

The  best  time  to  view  these  falls  and  see  them  at  their  best  is  during  the  rainy  season,  or 
during  the  tropical  summer  months,  when  the  enormous  rainfall  floods  the  many  small  mountain 
streams  and  passes  over  the  falls.  However,  during  this  season  it  is  next  to  impossible  to 
travel  across  the  mountains  and  get  within  miles  of  the  falls  to  enable  one  to  get  a  near  glimpse 
of  the  falling  water,  which  is  said  to  be,  at  this  period,  one  solid  fall  of  water  five  hundred  feet  in 
diameter  in  the  shape  of  a  concave  and  500  feet  drop  at  the  highest  point.  The  noise  of  the 
falling  water  can  be  heard  several  miles  away. 


T  H  E     C  U  B  A     R  !•:  \'  I  l]  W 


15 


.  ■< 


Ara.'/ui  1     l'M:iit.    .Mu;.-iii-|    Mwnilaiii>.    ()rii-iiti'    riM.ii 


Bottom    of  Falls,    Ouayaha    Fall.- 


Our  first  glimpse  of  the  actual  water  falling  was  a  little  disappointing,  after  hearing  Jn 
advance  of  our  visit  such  glowing  reports  of  the  wonderful  sight,  but  as  already  explained  the 
time  of  our  visit  was  not  during  the  rainy  season,  and  the  fall  of  water  passing  over  at  this  time 
(early  January)  was  hardly  great  enough  to  make  a  good  clear  picture,  although  it  s  difficult  to 
get  a  photo  of  the  falls  at  anytime  that  does  them  justice  because  of  the  impossibihty  to  get  below 
and  look  up.  The  observation  platform  is  just  opposite,  on  a  line  with  the  top  of  the  falls.  The 
magnificence  of  the  view  from  this  point  as  regards  future  possibilities  is  bej-ond  description. 
Do-mi  the  side  pour  numerous  small  waterfalls,  some  of  which  even  now  are  of  great  beauty. 
Directly  opposite  the  point  is  one  whose  thin,  misty  stream  drops  from  the  top  of  the  inner 


1() 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Guayaba   Falls. 


canyon  clear  to  the  bottom,  whish  distance  we  believe  to  be  fully  the  five  hundred  feet  claimed. 
Nature  has  carved  out  of  the  rock  formation  at  the  bottom  a  great  basin,  into  which  the 
water  crashes  down  mid  small  clouds  of  spray  and  flows  rapidly  out  of  the  narrow  end  of 
the  canyon.  One  can  imagine  no  more  inspiring  sight  after  hours  of  climbing  over  precipitious 
moimtain  trails  and  hearing  the  roar  of  falling  waters  in  the  distance,  than  to  come  suddenly  in 
view  a  waterfall  like  thi^  d  iring  the  torrential  rainy  periods.  The  setting  is  there  the  year 
roimd,  though  it  sometimes  lacks  the  necessary  water  to  make  it  as  famous  as  other  falls  not 
so  high.  The  Guayaba  River,  also  the  Mayari  and  numerous  smaller  streams  pursue  their 
tortuous  way  through  this  wild  region  of  Eastern  Cuba  and  supply  the  water  which  goes  over 
these  beautiful  falls,  ai-d  from  which  the  large  sugar  mill  at  Preston,  the  property  of  the  United 
Fruit  Company,  gets  its  water  supply.  The  view  looking  through  the  canyon  towards  Nipe 
Bay  is  beautiful,  and  recalls  im.pressions  of  the  great  "Niagara  Gorge,"  and  visions  that  these 
same  falls  of  Guayaba  have  been  in  the  distant  past,  or  will  be  in  the  future,  as  great  as  the  falls 
of  Niagara  in  our  own  country.  Away  in  the  distance  on  a  clear  day  can  be  seen  the  baeutiful 
blue  waters  of  the  Eay  cf  .■  ipe,  and  along  its  shores  the  thriving  busy  life  of  m.aking  sugar  at 
Preston  and  Banes,  fifteen  n  iles  away. 


Every  visitor  to  Eastern  Cuba,  will  in  the  not  distant  fdttnc,  include  this  trip  to  the  falls 
in  his  itinerary  when  better  communications  are  established.  While  the  falls  may  never 
equal  the  magnitude  of  Niagara,  they  are  today  higher  and  the  surrounding  scenery  is  of 
unusual  natural  beaut  v.  To  quote  from  a  visitor's  record  in  the  log  book  kept  at  the  hotel  at 
^^  oodfred,  his  impressions,  after  a  visit  to  the  falls  in  the  rainy  season,  when  they  were  at  their 
best,  "The  water  seems  to  suddenly  leave  the  plateau  lands  and  leaps  five  hundred  feet  in  a 
sheer  droj)  to  the  valley  below."  A\ho  will  deny  that  some  day  this  neglected  water-power  will 
be  developed  and  harnessed  to  be  used  as  hydro-electric  power  for  the  already  big  industries 
located  on  the  shores  of  Nipe  Bay,  and  make  this  section  of  Eastern  Cuba  one  of  the  great 
industrial  centers  of  the  West  Indiqp? 


TEXTILE  FIBRE  PLANTS 

The  cultivation  of  textile  fibre  plants  is 
attracting  miuih  attention  in  Cuba  at  pres- 
ent. Sisal  hemp,  or  henequen,  has  long  been 
cultivated  in  the  island,  but  none  of  the  fibre 
is  at  present  exported,  as  the  total  produc- 
tion is  used  up  by  the  local  rope  and  cordage 
factories,  and  this  latter  industry  has  in- 
creased to  such  an  extent  as  to  render  neces- 
sary the  importation  of  raw  material  from 
Mexico.  The  unsettled  conditions  in  xMexico 
have  given  an  impulse  to  the  cultivation  of 
henequen,  and  projects  are  under  considera- 
tion for  the  planting  of  large  tracts  of  land 
with  this  plant.  Large  areas  are  under 
cultivation  at  the  present  time,  which  are 
being  added  to  yearly  by  the  RafHoer- 
Erbsloh  Co.,  near  Matanzas,  for  their  large 
rope  plant  located  there.  The  fact  that 
henequen  grows  on  rocky  and  barren  soil, 
unfit  for  the  cultivation  of  the  staple  agri- 
cultund  products  of  sugar  and  tobacco,  or 
the  minor  products  such  as  corn,  sweet 
potatoes,  yams,  tomatoes,  etc.,  is  an  im- 
portant factor  in  this  industry. 

Experiments  are  at  present  being  made  for 
the  cultivation  of  another  textile  plant  in 
Cuba  known  as  "Malva  Blanca."  This  plant 
grows  wild  nearly  all  over  the  island,  but 
especially  in  the  richer  and  well  watered 
lands,  and  was  until  lately  looked  upon  as  a 
weed  or  shrub  of  no  value,  and  difficult  to 
extirpate  when  once  it  obtained  a  foothold. 
The  bark  of  the  wild  Malva  Blanca  yields  an 
excellent  fibre  somewhat  similar  to  the 
Dacca  Jute  of  India,  and  it  is  expected  that 
by  a  selection  of  the  seed  and  scientific 
methods  in  the  cultivation  of  the  plant  and 
extraction  of  the  fibre,  the  quality  of  the  latter 
will  be  improved  and  the  cost  of  production 
reduced.  If  this  new  enterprise  is  successful 
the  jute  of  India  may  have  found  a  formidable 
rival,  the  importance  of  which,  as  far  as 
relates  to  the  Cuban  market  alone,  mav  be 


realized  when  one  considers  that  a  .3,000,000 
ton  sugar  crop  requires  about  21,000,000  jute 
bags,  all  of  which  have  to  be  imported  for  the 
present  requirements. 


CUBA    IS     THE    GREATEST    MARKET    FOR 
AMERICAN  SHOES 

Cul)a  is  at  present  the  best  m_arket  in  the 
whole  world  for  American  footwear,  says  a 
report  on  the  subject  just  published  by  the 
Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce, 
of  the  Departmeiit  of  Commerce.  Although 
the  climate  is  tropical  very  few  even  of  the 
poorest  natives  go  without  footwear  of  some 
kind,  and  the  per  capita  consumption  of 
shoes  is  therefore  very  heavy.  Over  80  per 
cent  of  the  business  is  done  by  American 
firms,  as  there  is  no  competition  from,  local 
manufacturers  and  not  any  of  great  import- 
ance from  Europe. 

In  spite  of  America's  strong  position  in  the 
market,  however,  the  author  of  the  report, 
Special  Agent,  Herman  G.  Brock,  asserts  that 
there  are  many  ways  in  which  our  hold  on  the 
market  can  be  strengthened,  as  there  are  a 
number  of  features  in  the  Cuban  trade  not 
well  understood  by  the  American  manufac- 
turer. These  the  report  discusses  at  con- 
siderable length.  Particular  attention  is  paid 
to  the  requirements  of  the  market  and  the 
merchandising  methods  and  commercial  re- 
quirements and  practices. 

There  are  46  pages  in  this  report,  which  is 
entitled  "Markets  for  Boots  and  Shoes  in 
Cuba,"  Special  Agents  Saries  No.  133. 


PINEAPPLES 


It  is  estimated  that  this  year's  crop  of 
Cuban  pineapples  will  be  about  100,000  crates 
less  than  1916,  the  total  this  year  being  about 
700,000  to  750,000  crates.  The  shortage  is 
attributed  to  increased  area  devoted  to  the 
cultivation  of  sugar  cane. 


18 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THECUBAREVIEW  19 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

The  report  of  the  Cuba  liaih'oad  for  the  month  of  February  and  for  eii^ht  months  endeJ  February  28th  com" 
pares  as  follows: 

1917  191t)  191.')  1914  1913  1912  1911 

February  Ki-os^-  $39.5,030     $721,363     $.522,.586     $488,121     $46.5,147     $367,375     $31.5,921 

Expenses. .  362,698       298,287      234,742      239,121       235,673       183,097       166,647 

February  net $32,931  $423,075     $287,843     $249,000     $229,473     $183,468     $149,273 

Other  Income 945     

Net  income 33,877       423,075       287,843     

Charges 94,7.58  88,241         72,308        66,791         66,791         65,125        59,625 

Surplus  for  month     ...December  60,880  334,833  215,535       182,208       162,681       118,343        89,648 

Eight  months  gross 4,.331,925  3,953,142  3,073,936    3,1.39,875    2,874,421    2,318,512    1,893,640 

Net  earnings 1,224,445  1,933,8.56  1,472,173    1,468,384    1,-304,675    1,060,035      818,.369 

Other  income 8,528  6,097     

Fixed  charges 728,744  628,111  564,622       534,333       .534,0.55       491,000      .3.39,2.50 

Eight  months  surplus $.504,230  $1,311,843     $907,551     $934,051     $770,620     $569,035     $479,119 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF   HAVANA 

Weekh/  Receipts:  1917 

March  ending  March  24th £65,.529 

Week  ending  March  31st 66,579 

Week  ending  April  7th .59,571 

Week  ending  April  14th 56,142 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAYS 

Weekly  Receipts:  1917  1916 

Week  ending  March  31st £31,365      £29,171 

Week  end'ng  April    7th 30,782        27,861 

Week  ending  April  14th 26,.525        27,737 

Week  ending  April  21st 28,041        24,643 


1916 

1915 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

£65,134 

£48,399 

£.52,260 

£46,120 

£44,788 

£.37,916 

60,792 

49,685 

51,754 

50,221 

40,393 

31,604 

58,810 

46,042 

39,836 

50,4.54 

39,276 

31,683 

57,904 

55,668 

35,023 

48,337 

43,440 

28,400 

1915 

1914 

£19,248 

£21,-588 

19,129 

1.5,742 

22,004 

16,6.56 

23,509 

28,402 

1917 

1916 

1915 

1914 

£8,902 

£6,479 

£5,609 

£.5,7H 

8,589 

7,005 

5,738 

5,047 

9,.3.32 

7,036 

6,277 

6,61.5 

9,007 

6,318 

6,739 

6,458 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN   RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  Receipts: 

Week  ending  Mtrch  31st 

Week  end'ng  April    7th 

Week  ending  April  14th 

Week  ending  April  21st 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  of  March:  1917  1916  1915 

Gross  earnings $.545,397  $470,616  $472,185 

Operating  expenses 237,386  196,706  195,880 

Net  earnings $308,011  $273,910  $276,305 

Miscellaneous  income 21,295  19,200  7,906 

Total  net  income $329,306  $293,110  $284,211 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 193,248  162,601  175,606 

3  months  to  March  31: 

Gross  earnings $1,597,210  $1,452,233  $1,390,314 

Operating  expenses 678,202  560,7.57  561,299 

Net  earnings $919,008  $891,476  $829,015 

Miscellaneous  income 35,751  33,497  23,369 

Total  net  income $954,7.59  $924,973  $8.52,384 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 551,949  5.59,996  526,601 


20 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


THE  PREVAILING   PRICES   FOR   CUBAN   SECURITIES 

A*  quottd  by  Lawrenct  Turnur*  it  Co.,  Ntv  York, 

Bid. 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 90H 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 97  J^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 93 

RepubUc  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  4}^%  Bonds  of  1949 84 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 103 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 89 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 90 

Cuba  Co.  6%  Debenture  Bonds 95 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 98 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 90  J^ 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Preferred  Stock 105 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Common  Stock 100 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 102  i^i 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 190 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 100^^ 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 61 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  Mtge.  6%  Bonds 92 

All  prices  of  bonds  quoted  on  an  and  interest  hasii. 


Asked. 

94 

99  M 
951^ 
86 

105 
103 

92 

93 
100 
101 

93 
1U8H 

none 

105 

195 

100  J^ 
63 
95 


HAVANA    ELECTRIC    RAILWAY,    LIGHT    AND 
POWER  CO. 

Notice  has  been  given  of  a  special  meeting 
of  the  stockholders  to  be  held  on  May  17, 
1917,  at  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  The  meeting  will 
take  action  on  the  resolution  passed  by  the 
board  of  directors  declaring  that  it  is  ad- 
visable to  increase  the  capital  stock  of  the 
Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power 
Company  from  $30,000,000,  divided  into 
300,000  shares  of  the  par  value  of  $100  each, 
of  which  $15,000,000  is  preferred  stock  and 
$15,000,000  is  common  stock,  to  $36,000,000, 
divided  into  360,000  shares  of  the  par  value 
of  $100  each,  this  increase  of  60,000  shares 
to  be  preferred  stock,  having  the  same 
preferences,  qualifications  and  restrictions  as 
the  preferred  stock  set  forth  in  the  original 
certificate  of  incorporation;  second,  to  fix 
the  price,  terms  and  conditions  upon  which 
this  increase  of  capital  stock  is  to  be  offered 
to  the  stockholders  for  subscription;  third,  to 
authorize  the  underwriting  of  the  subscrip- 
tion and  sale  at  par  of  the  entire  increase  of 
preferred  capital  stock;  fourth,  to  transact 


any  further  business  that  may  come  before 
the  meeting. 

On  the  same  date,  but  at  a  later  hour,  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  stockholders  will  take 
place  for  the  purpose  of  electing  the  directors, 
each  to  serve  for  three  years. 


SANTA  CECILIA  SUGAR  COMPANY 

The  Readjustment  Committee,  at  the 
request  of  the  holders  of  the  first  mortgage 
6%  gold  bonds,  preferred  capital  stock  and 
common  capital  stock,  have  prepared  a  plan 
for  the  readjustment  of  the  securities  and 
affairs  of  the  company,  and  the  holders  of 
such  securities  are  requested  to  deposit  their 
holdings  with  the  Colum.bia  Trust  Company, 
the  depositary  of  the  Readjustment  Com- 
mittee. Bonds  must  be  deposited  in  ne- 
gotiable form  with  August  1,  1917,  and 
subsequent  coupons  attached,  and  certificates 
for  preferred  or  common  stock  must  be  duly 
indorsed  for  transfer  with  necessary  stamps 
attached.  The  plan  provides  that  no  se- 
curities may  be  deposited  after  May  15, 
1917,  unless  specially  permitted  by  the  Re- 
adjustment Committee. 


HAVANA    ELECTRIC    RAILWAY,    LIGHT  &   POWER 

COMPANY 


FIFTH    ANNUAL    REPORT    OF    THE    DIRECTORS    FOR    THE   YEAR   ENDED 

DECEMBER  31.   1916 

The  gross  earnings  for  tl.e  years  1913,  1914,  1915  and  191()  were  as  follows: 

1913  1014  1915  lOlf) 

$5,417,0.-)4.27  $5,3!)f),713.7S  $.5,r)41,:i02.72  $0,017,708.59 

A  condensed  statement  of  the  results  of  operation: 

1910  1915  1914  \9\:i 

Ornss  oirnines  $0,017,70*.59      $5,541,302.72      $-,3 '0,713.78      $5,417,054.27 

Operation  expenses  andtaxes;  .::.■:.■  ;:.:...         2.443.885.33        2.337,506.05        2,-95,321.59        2,612,952.80 

Net  inpome  "  $3,573,823.26      $3,203,790.07      $2,p01,392.19      $2,804,101.41 

Miscellaneousincome..    ....::;■.::    .........  144.501.49  147,874.95  102,119.18  H0,087.0() 

Gross  income  $3,718,384.75      $3,351,671.02      $2,903,511.37      $2,944,189.01 

FirstVharges  ..■.■■.  .'      .'        .'  1,297,093.23        1,115.413.99        1.0-)4, 131.97        1,090,085.82 

Net  profit  from  operation*  miscellaneous  mcome.        $2,421,291.52     $2,236,257.63      $1.MJ9,371.40     $1.S48,103.19 
Balance  at  credit  of  profit  and  loss  account,  Jan.  1. 

1910 l,70;t,950.00 

$1.131,24S.12 — of  which  anioimt  the  following  disbursements 

were  made: 

Dividends  paid  during  the  year  (6%  on  the  preferred  and  common  shares) $1,790,901.18 

Provisions  for  sinking  fund  in  r-speet  to  English  bonds  of  the  Compania  de  Gas  y  Electricidad  de  la 

Habana,  and  Consolidated  mortgage  bonds  of  the  Havana  Electric    Railway  Company 111,761.83 

Reserve  for  deprecia'  ion IS'ncQ  oo 

Reserve  for  bad  and  doubtful  debts  and  other  adjustments 123,U»3.3d 

Profit  and  loss  account — balance  transferred  to  1917 2,024,501.78 

Total $4,131,248.12 

To  comply  with  the  tax  laws  of  Cuba,  separate  accounts  are  kept  of  the  various  depart- 
ments of  the  company  and  the  following  is  a  summary  of  the  operation  thereof  during  1916: 

Operating  Ex- 
Departments                                  Gross  Earnings     penscs  and  taxes  Percent.  Net  Earnings  Percent, 
from  Operation         (not  including  of  Gross  from  of  Gross 
First  Charges)  Earnings  Operation  Earnings 
Electric  Railway                  ....      $3,122,362.81          $1,346,260.36  43.12  $1,776,102.45  56.88 

Electric  Light   ■ 2.099,059.86               552.235.87  26.31  1.540.823.99  73.69 

Gas                                      ,575.290.35               344.927.00  59.95  230,363.35  40.05 

Stage  Lin-s  V.'.    219,333.77                198,874  31  flO.  67  20.459.38  9. 33 

Electric  Omnibuses  (1  month).                  1.661.80                    1.587.71  95.54  74.09  4.40 

$'1,017,708.59  $2,143,885.33  40.61  $3,573,823.26  59.39 

The  average  force  employed  during  the  year  was  3,017,  of  whom  35%  have  been  in  the 
service  of  the  company  or  its  predecessor  for  ten  years  and  more  and  25%  for  at  least  five 
years. 

The  improvement  in  public  lighting  continues  and  over  seven  hundred  incandescent 
lamps  of  from  CO  to  1,000  candle  power  were  installed  during  1916  and  whenever  practicable 
suspended  from  fancy  brackets  attached  to  the  railway  poles.  The  increase  in  electrical  output 
was  15.31%  and  the  increase  in  net  earnings  on  account  of  electric  lighting  13.68^  c.  The 
number  of  electric  meters  in  service  Tecember  31,  1916,  was  3,285  in  excess  of  that  of  the  pre- 
ceding  year. 

Twenty-one  electric  autcn  chiles  for  pessenger  and  for  other  company  purposes  were 
purchased  and  partly  placed  in  service.  A  suitable  garage  is  under  construction  and  will  be 
completed  early  in  1917  for  storing,  charging  and  repairing  purposes. 

The  new  track  constructed  during  the  year  aggregates  2.47  miles  and  the  reconstructed 
track  2.66  miles. 

The  gas  distributing  system  was  extended  by  2.22  miles  of  new  main  and  802  new  ser- 
vices were  connected.. 

The  sales  of  gas  appliances  during  1916  amounted  to  $105,453.71.  The  output  of  gas 
increased  15.2%  over  1915,  the  net  earnings  increased  23.6%  and  the  operating  expenses  de- 
creased 3.92%.  The  net  increase  in  meters  during  the  year  was  1551.  The  stoves  and  ranges 
installed  at  the  end  of  1916  total  5325,  water  heaters,  827  and  industrial  apparatus  633. 


22  THECUBAREVIEW 


The  total  number  of  passengers  carried  on  the  cars  during  the  year  (59,698,790)  shows 
an  increase  of  9.93%,  compared  with  1915,  and  the  rolling  stock  of  the  company  was  increased 
by  the  construction  of  14  new  passenger  cars. 

The  consolidated  power  plant  has  operated  reliably  and  economically.  The  total  net 
output  was  nearly  47,000,000  K.W.H:.,  in  the  production  of  which  42,894  tons  of  coal  were 
consumed,  or  2,048  pounds  per  K.W.H. 

The  high  cost  of  feed,  combined  with  the  decreased  earnings,  made  the  result  of  the 
year's  operation  of  the  stage  lines  unfavorable,  showing  a  decrease  of  $45,937.74,  or  17.3% 
less,  as  compared  with  1915. 

The  Employees'  Mutual  Benefit  Society  has  continued  in  sound  and  prosperous  condition 
and  over  .$11,000  has  been  expended  in  assistance  to  members  during  illness. 

BALANCE  SHEET.  DECEMBER   31.   1916 

ASSETS 

Properties,  plants  and  equipment,  including  banliers'  charges  and  other  ex- 
p?nditures  in  connection  with  the  organization  of  the  company,  discount  and 
expenses  on  general  mortgage  bonds  and  interest,  discount  and  expenses  on 
two-year  gold  notes  during  construction ^55  3^7  597  Y5 

Investments  (At  cost) '    'iifi'-jBT  ciQ 

Current  Assets: 

Cash  in  banks  and  on  hand $1  412  153  24 

Accounts  receivable,  after  providing  for  bad  and  doubtful  debts ........  .  .  .  .  '857i443  06 

Stock  of  materials,  merchandise  and  supplies  on  hand 867*  119  46 

Materials  in  transit - 49 ',526  68 

Deferred  Assets:  '        ■      -■ 

Insurance  paid  in  advance,  deferred  charge,  etc IO7  064  04 

LIABILITIES  li^:^^^:T^^ 

Capital  Stock: 

Authorized  and  Issued: 

Common: 

150,000  shares,  par  value,  $100  each,  fully  paid  and  non-assessable $15,000,000  00 

Less:  Held  in  treasury: 

515.69  shares,  par  value,  $100  each 51  ,569.00 

Ro/  f>         1  *■      -D    f        J  ■ '' $14,948,431.00 

6%  Cumulative  Preferred: 

150,000  shares,  par  value  $100  each,  fully  paid  and  non-assessable $15,000,000.00 

Less:  Held  in  treasury: 

1.73  shares,  par  value  $100  each 173  qq 


— 14,999,827.00 

_       J   J  r.  u.  $29,948,258.00 

r unded  Debt: 

Consolidated  mortgage  5%  gold  bonds  of  Havana  Electric  Ry.  Co.,  dated  Feb.  1, 

1902,  due  February  1,  1952 " $9,188,111  09 

Less  in  treasury '.'.'.'..'.'.'  '50o',429'.9S 

iS8  6^7  6^1   1 1 
6%  General  Consolidated  obligations  of  Compania  de  Gas  y  Electricidad  de  la 

Habana,  redeemable  at  the  option  of  the  company 6,000,000.00 

Fifty-year  6%  mortgage  bonds  of  Compania  de  Gas  y  Electricidad  de  la  Habana. 

1904 3,998,000.00 

Thirty-seven-year  5%  English  mortgage  bonds  of  Compania  de  Gas  y  Electrici- 
dad de  la  Habana,  1906  (£128,800) 622,533.33 

General  mortgage  5%  sinking  fund  gold  bonds,  dated  Sept.  1,  1914,  due  Sep  .1, 

1954 $5,698,000.00 

Less: 

Deposited  with  Government  of  Cuba $52,000.00 

In  treasury 343,000.00  395,000.00       5.303,000.00      24,611,214.44 

Current  Liabilities: 

Accounts  payable ". $166,428.87 

Dividends  and  interest  due  but  unpaid ', 70  994.13 


Deferred  Liabilities: 

Accrued  interest  on  bonds $365  877.76 

Consumers'  Deposits 262,914.25 

Other  deposits 9l'l69.48 

Sundry  accruals  for  taxes,  etc IOG'sOS.SS 

Capital  Stock  of  Havana  Electric   Railway  Company,  outstanding:  to  be 

exchanged  for  capital  stock  of  Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co $17,585.00 

Capital  Stock  of  Compania  de  Gas  y  Electricidad  de  la  Habana,  outstand- 
ing: to  be  exchanged  for  capital  stock  of  Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  & 

Power  Company ' '  2,547.74 


237,423.00 


826,270.07 


$20,132.74 


jLess;  Capital  Stock  of  the  Havana  Electric  Railway.  Light  &  Power  Co., 

held  in  reserve  in  respect  of  above 20,132.74 

Special  Reserve 522  288  19 


Corporate  Surplus: 

Profit  ;iii(l  loss  ri'count — Credit  balance  as  per  statement  attaehed  hereto $2,024, "jOI. 78 

Ucscrvc  for  redemption  of  consolidated  mortgage  a%  gold  bonds  of  Havana 

Electric  Railway  Company 273,000.00 

Reserve  for  redemption  of  thirty-seven-year  5%   English  mortgage  bonds  of 

Compania  de  Gas  y  Electricidad  de  la  Habana 102,460.67 

Sinking  fund  rossrve,  Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mtgc.  Bonds. .  106,697.66 

Reserve  for  depreciation 7o,000,00       2,581,606.11 

SIS, 727,1 10.81 

CONDENSED  PROFIT  AND  LOSS  ACCOUNT  FOR  THE  YEAR  ENDED 

DECEMBER  31.   1916 

Railway  i.iKlit   &   Power 

Department.  Department.  Total. 

Gross  earnings  from  operation .  .           $3,343,:ioS..S.S  $2,674,3.')0.21  SO, 017,708.59 

Oixraliiii;  expensfs .              1,. 503,457.34                 792,912.91  2,296,370.25 

$1,839,901.04  $1,881,437.30  $3,721,338.34 
Deduct: 

Taxes,  U.  S.  A $21,927.00  $9,999.90  $31,926.96 

Taxes,  Cuba 18,000.00  94,250.00  112,250.00 

Trigo  annuities 3,338.12                  3,338.12 

Interest  on  funded  debt 555,935.87  741.157.36  1,297,093.23 

$599,200.99  $845,407.32  $1,444,608.31 


$1,240,700.05  $1,036,029.98  $2,276,730.03 

Add  Miscellaneous  Income: 

Interest  on  depo.sits $47,003  81 

K':'"'^      :       „ ; 25,941.37 

Other  miSL'ellaneous  mcome 71,556.31 

$144,561.49 


Net  profit  for  the  year ,. $2,421,291.52 

Balance  at  credit  of  profit  and  loss  account,  January  1,  1916 1,709,956.60 

^    ,  $4,131,248.12 

Deduct: 

Provision  for  sinking  fund  in  respect  to  English  bonds  of  the  Compania  de 
Gas  y  Electricidad  de  la  Habana  and  consolidated  mortgage  bonds  of  the 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Company $1  U, 761. S3 

Reserve  for  depreciation 75,000.00 

Reserve  for  bad  and  doubtful  debts  and  other  adjustments 123,083.33  309,845.16 


Dividends  Paid: 

On  preferred  shares.  May  13,  1910,  on  $14,999,857  at  3^0 . .  $449,995.71 

On  preferred  shares,  Nov.  15,  1910,  on  $14,999,857  at  39c  •  449,995.71  $S99,991.42 


$3,821,402.96 


On  common  shares,  May  13,  1916,  on  $14,948,496  at  3%  •  •  $448,454.88 

Oncommonshares,  Nov.  15,  1916,  on  $14,948,496  at  3%..  448,454.88  896,909.76  1,796,901.18 

Balance  carried  to  balance  sheet $2,024  501.78 


BANCO    NACIONAL    DE  CUBA 

(National  Bank  of  Cuba) 
GENERAL   BALANCE   SHEET— DECEMBER  30.   1916 

CUnited   States   Currency) 

ASSETS 
CASH: 

In  Vaults $12,433,940.69 

In  Transit 41 ,820.76 

Coinage  (Xational  Currency) oOO.OO 

Due  from  Banks  and  Bankers 4,478,808.94 

Remittances  in  Transit 3,325,332.55   $20,280,402.94 

BOXDS  AND  STOCKS: 

Government  Bonds $3,035,857.47 

City  of  Havana  Bonds 655,769.42 

Other  Bonds 572,129.31 

Stocks 118,402.28       4,382,158.48 


24 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


Loans,  Discounts,  Time  Bills,  etc 37,467,629.46 

Bank  Buildings  and  Real  Estate 1,497.425.19 

Sundr>  Accounts 10  591.28 

Securities  on  deposit 6,483,490.9/ 

Total $70,121,698.32 

liaeilitip:.s 

Capital $5,000,000.00 

Surplus 2,800,000.00 

♦Undivided  Profits 551,275.42 

.$8,351,275.42 

Deposits 54,843.011.86 

Due  to  Banks  end  Bankers ; 403,920.07 

Pension  fund  for  Employees 40,000.00 

Deposits  (Securities) 6,4S3,490.97 

Total $70,121,698.32 

♦Deduct  $250,000  for  the  semi-annual  Dividends  of  i%  plus  a  special  dividend  of  1% 
(making  a  total  of  5%  semi-annual)  payable  January  1,  1917. 

A  year  of  unprecedented  prosperity  was  enjoyed  by  Cuba  in  1916,  the  sugar  crop  having 
been  the  largest  and  most  profitable  in  the  history  of  the  island  and  tobacco  exports  were  also 
larger  than  the  previous  year  and  better  prices  realized. 

The  largely  increased  sugar  cane  plantings  and  the  construction  of  ten  new  mills  in  915 
enabled  Cuba  to  produce  a  crop  of  3,003,624  tons,  or  over  400,000  tons  greater  than  the  previous 
largest  crop,  which  was  harvested  in  1914.  The  average  price  of  sugar  in  Cuba  during  the  year 
1916  was  4.425  cents  per  pound,  as  against  3.2246  the  previous  year  and  the  amount  realized 
from  the  crop  was  about  $300,000,000. 

During  the  year  1916  sixteen  new  sugar  mills  were  built  which  will  grind  during  the  i^resent 
season.  Weather  conditions  on  the  whole  were  favorable  to  the  crop,  although  excessive  rains 
were  reported  in  many  sections.  To  this  fact  and  injury  to  the  cane  by  a  wind  storm  in  Novem- 
ber which  nearly  reached  the  intensity  of  a  hurricane,  is  attributed  the  reduction  in  yield  of 
sugar,  of  which  many  mill  owners  complain. 

The  December  estimates  of  crop  statisticians  for  the  present  season  of  about  3,500,000 
tons  are  being  reduced  owing  to  the  following  circum_stances :  the  decreased  yield  of  sugar  from 
the  cane,  the  delay  in  grinding  due  to  rains  in  early  December  and  failure  to  receive  new  ma- 
chinery in  time,  the  deficiint  service  of  the  railroads  and  the  scarcity  of  labor.  The  prevailing 
opinion  is  that  the  crop,  with  normal  weather  conditions  during  the  grinding  season  will  be 
about  3,200,000  tons. 

While  the  prices  of  sugar  opened  higher  this  season  than  last  and  have  so  continued  up  to 
this  writing,  it  is  believed  that  the  average  for  the  total  crop  will  not  be  as  high  as  last  year  un- 
less Europe  increases  its  purchases.  Last  year  European  countries  imported  from  Cuba  and 
the  United  States  about  1,300,000  tons  of  raw  and  refined  sugar,  whereas,  thus  far  they  have 
purchased  less  than  500,000  tons  this  season. 

The  profits  of  the  cane  growers  (colonos)  will  probably  be  smaller  than  during  the  two 
previous  years  owing  to  the  largely  increr.sed  scale  of  wages  and  other  difficulties  under  which 
the  crop  is  being  harvested. 

Port  receipts  up  to  February  3rd  have  been  469,089  tons  as  against  641,616  tons  up  to 
February  5th  last  year. 

There  was  considerable  improvement  in  the  tobacco  situation  during  the  year  1916.  The 
quality  of  Vuelta  Abajo  and  Partidos  crops  was  good  and  that  of  Remedios  fair.  While  the 
crop  was  smaller  prices  were  ro.uch  higher  and  the  new  year  finds  the  planter  in  better  financial 
condition  than  for  the  several  years  past.  Stocks  are  practically  exhausted  and  it  is  thought 
prices  will  rule  higher  than  last  year.  The  growing  crop  of  Vuelta  Abajo  has  improve  J  with 
recent  rains  and  it  is  thought  quality  will  be  fair  to  good,  but  the  crop  will  be  smaller  than 
last  year.    The  Partidos  crop  will  probably  be  a  little  smaller  than  last  year,  but  of  good  quality. 


THECUBAREVIEW  25 


It  is  :i  little  early  to  make  predictions  relative  to  the  Keinedios  erop;  its  (iiumtity  and  (luality 
will  depend  iii)on  the  weather  duriiifi  the  mouth  of  Fel)ruary.  The  aereage  is  s:<ici  to  bo  larger 
than  last  year,  but  the  probabilities  are  that  this  erop  will  not  be  larger  than  the  last  if  as  large. 
The  oroj)  of  1910  amounted  to  361,099  bales  as  compared  with  433,2()7.  Exports  for  191t)  were 
352,220  bales,  being  an  increase  of  11,519  over  the  previous  year. 

Considerable  attention  has  been  given  to  copper  mining  in  the  tobacco  province  of  Pinar 
(!el  Hio  during  the  past  year.  Many  mining  claims  have  been  denounced  and  a  considerable 
amount  of  work  was  performed,  but  shipments  of  copper  ore  have  been  confined  to  two  or  three 
mines.  Th(>  declared  value  of  copper  ore  .shipped  from  Pinar  del  Hio  during  the  year  191(1  was 
about  $4,ri()0,()()0,  of  which  amount  90'  ^  or  more  was  from  two  mines. 

Deposits  on  December  30,  191(5,  were  $54,843,01 1.8()  as  against  $3(;,145,4()o.5"/  on  the  same 
date  of  the  previous  j'ear,  representing  an  increase  of  $1S,()97,(305.29,  or  51.73^  i- 

The  number  of  individual  deposit  accounts  on  December  30,  1916,  was  59,397  as  compared 
with  53,077  the  previous  year,  being  an  increase  in  number  of  6,320  accounts,  equal  to  11.90%- 

Deposits  in  the  Savings  Department  on  December  30,  1916,  amounted  to  $15,144,361.63  as 
:  gainst  $8,582, 769. SS  on  the  same  date  of  the  previous  year,  being  an  increase  of  $6,561,591.75 
or  76.45 "^o-  The  number  of  accounts  was  30,504,  as  against  24,836  on  the  same  date  of  the 
previous  year,  an  increase  of  5,668  accounts,  or  22.82%. 

Amounts  handled  by  the  Collection  Department  in  1916  aggregated  $358,000,000  as  com- 
I)ared  with  $327,000,000  in  the  previous  year,  representing  an  increase  of  $31,000,000  or  9.48%. 

The  turnover  in  the  Exchange  Department  during  the  past  year  amounted  to  .$471,000,00 
as  against  $371,000,000  in  the  previous  year,  or  an  increase  of  $100,000,000  equal  to  26.95%. 

The  cash  movement  at  the  head  office  for  the  year  1916  amounted  to  $3,130,000,000 
against  $2,146,000,000,  being  an  increase  of  $984,000,000,  or  45.85%. 

Loans  on  December  30,  1916,  were  $37,467,629.46  as  compared  with  .$22,724,471.53  on  the 
same  date  of  the  previous  year,  representing  an  increase  in  amount  of  $14,743,157.93,  equal  to 
64.88%.  The  number  of  loans  on  the  last  day  of  1916  was  5,924  as  against  5,111  in  1915,  being 
an  increase  in  number  of  813  or  15.90%. 

The  regular  8%  dividend  for  the  year  was  paid  and  also  an  extra  dividend  of  2'  ^  which 
was  warranted  by  ihe  earrings.  The  surplus  of  the  bank  was  increased  $800,000,  making  a 
total  surplus  of  $2,800,000.  Ample  provision  was  made  for  bad  and  doubtful  accounts  and 
$551,275.42  were  left  in  undivided  profits  prior  to  payment  of  dividend. 

During  the  year  a  new  Havana  branch  was  opened  on  Belascoain  Street  and  six  other 
branches  in  the  interior  as  follows:  Pains  in  Havana  Province,  Pedro  Betancourt  in  the  Province 
of  Matanzas,  Cabaiguan  in  Santa  Clara  Province,  Florida  and  :Moron  in  the  Province  of  Cama- 
juey  and  San  Luis  in  Oriente  Province. 

A  considerable  addition  was  made  to  the  head  office  building  for  the  occupancy  of  important 
tenants  and  a  new  bank  building  was  erected  at  Placetas,  making  in  all  12  branch  bank  build- 
ings owned  by  the  institution.  Not  a  single  office  in  the  building  of  the  head  office  has  been 
vacant  during  the  year. 

It  is  with  great  satisfaction  that  shareholders  are  advised  of  the  increased  holdings  of 
shares  of  the  bank  during  the  past  fifteen  months  by  active  officers  and  employees  of  the  insti- 
tution, the  number  of  such  shareholders  now  being  115. 

During  the  year  $20,000  were  added  to  the  employees  pension  fund,  making  a  total  of 
$40,000  set  aside  for  said  fund. 


THE  ROYAL  BANK  OF  CANADA 


DIRECTORS'  REPORT 
ANNUAL  REPORT  FOR  THE  YEAR  ENDED  NOVE:vIBER  30,   1916 

Profit  and  Loss  Account 

Balance  of  Profit  and  Loss  account,  November  30,  191.5 $676,472.16 

Profits  for  the  year,  after  deducting  charges  of  management  and  all  other  expecs  s, 
accrued  interest  on  deposi  s,  full  provision  for  all  bad  ard  doubtful  debts  atd 

rebate  of  interest  on  unmatured  bills 2,111,307.65 

$2,787,779.81 


26 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Appropriated  as  follows: — • 

Dividends  Nos.  114,  115,  116  and  117,  at  12  per  cent  per  annum $1,417,207.02 

Transferred  to  Officers  Pension  Fund 100,000.00 

Written  off  Bank  Premises  Account 2.50,000.00 

War  Tax  on  Bank  Note  Circulation 118,226.51 

•Contribution  to  Patriotic  Fund 50,000.00 

Balance  of  Profit  and  Loss  carried  forward 852,346.28 

GENERAL  STATEMENT,  NOVExMBER  30,   1910. 


$2,787,779.81 


Liabilities 
To  the  Public: 

Deposits  not  bearing  interest 

Deposits  bearing  int.,  including  int- 
_  erest  accrued  to  date  of  statement. 

'^ 

-      Total  deposits ._ 

Not? a  of  the  bank  in  circulation.  .  . . 
Bal.  due  to  other  banks  in  Canada. . 
Balanc"S  due  to   banks  and  banking 
correspondentsin  the  United  King- 
dom and  foreign  countrif  s 

Bills  payable 

Acceptances  under  letters  of  credit. . 


To  the  Shareholders: 

Capital  stock  paid  in 

Reserve  fund 

Balance  of  profits  carried  forward .  .  . 

Dividend  No.   117  (at  12%  per  an- 
num), payable  Dec.  1,  1916 

Dividends  unclaimed 


$53,365,396.12 

140,862,199.46 

$200,227,595.58 

18,178,228.49 

1,464,467.85 


6,683,108.63 
478,392.16 
452,677.26 

$227,484,469.97 

$12,000,000.00 

12,560,000.00 

852,346.28 

359,840.71 
4,770.25 

$253,261,427.21 


Assets 

Current  coin 

Dominion  notes 

Deposit  in  the  Central  gold  reserves. 

Deposit  with  the  minister  for  the  pro- 
poses of  the  circulation  fund 

Note.?  of  othsr  banks 

Cheques  on  other  banks 

Balances  due  by  other  banks  in  Can. . 

Balances  due  by  banks  and  banking 
correspondents  elsewhere  than  in 

Canada 

Dominion  and  Provincial  Govern- 
ment securities,  not  exceeding  mar- 
ket value 

Canadian  Municipal  securities  and 
British,  Foreign  and  Colonial  Pub- 
lic securities  other  than  Canadian, 
not  exceeding  market  value 

Railway  and  other  bonds,  debentures 
and  stocks,  not  exceeding  market 
value 

Call  loans  in  Canada,  on  bonds,  de- 
bentures and  stocks 

Call  and  short  (not  exceeding  thirty 
days)  loans  elsewhere  than  in 
Canada 


Other  current  loans  and  discounts  in 
Canada  (less  rebate  of  interest) .... 

Other  current  loans  and  discounts 
elsewhere  than  in  Canada  (less  re- 
bate of  interest) 

Overdue  debts  (estimated  loss  pro- 
vided for) 

Real  estate  other  than  bank  premises. 

Bank  premises,  at  not  more  than  cost, 
less  amounts  written  off 

Liabilities  of  customers  under  letters 
of  credit,  as  per  contra 

Other  assets  not  included  in  the  fore- 
going   


$16,072,763.38 
14,249,110.25 
6,500,000.00 

595,340.00 

3,857,573.80 

11,805,508.55 

1,199.79 


5,092,067.54 
1,029,374.10 

14,012,089.69 

15,464,604.22 
11,076,005.90 

21,372,026.45 
$121,127,663.67 

86,936,631.39 

37,928,027.25 

466,640.93 
1,095,473.24 

5,138,398.14 

452,677.26 

115,915.33 

$253,261,427.21 


CUBA 

The  sugar  crop  for  1915-16  amounted  to  3,005,000  long  tons,  against  2,575,000  for  1914-15. 
It  is  estimated  that  producers  obtained  an  average  price  of  $4  per  100  lbs.,  f  .o.b.  Cuba — about 
double  the  average  price  for  several  years  prior  to  the  war.  Experts  estimate  the  probable 
1916-17  crop  at  3,500,000  tons,  almost  1,000,000  tons  more  than  the  crop  of  two  years  ago. 
Sixteen  new  mills  were  erected  during  the  past  year,  making  201  to  grind  during  the  present 
•season.  On  account  of  unseasonable  weather,  the  mills  are  considerably  later  than  usual  in 
starting  to  grind,  and  the  cane  is  giving  unfavorable  returns  as  compared  with  last  year. 
These  facts,  together  with  a  scarcity  of  labor  and  transportation  difficulties,  may  result  in  a 
lower  production  than  estimated.  Sugar  freights  during  the  last  crop  averaged  30c.  to  60c.  per 
100  lbs.,  and  present  indications  are  that  they  will  be  higher  during  the  coming  season.  There 
is  more  or  less  imcertainty  regarding  prices,  but  the  outlook  is  nevertheless  very  favorable.  An 
incident  worthy  of  mention  in  the  sugar  trade  during  the  year  was  the  formation  of  the  Cuba 
Cane  Sugar  Corporation,  which  acquired  seventeen  mills  with  an  anticipated  output  of  550,000 
tons  during  the  present  crop. 

The  production  of  tobacco  was  somewhat  under  that  of  the  preceding  year,  and  less  than 
half  a  normal  crop.  Prices  have  risen  steadily,  and  the  value  of  the  past  crop  is  estimated  at 
something  over  $30,000  000,  as  compared  with  about  .$20,000,000  in  1915.  On  the  whole,  con- 
ditions for  the  coming  crop  are  favorable  to  an  increased  yield  of  good  quality. 

The  cattle  industry  has  been  very  profitable  on  account  of  the  greater  demand  for  working 
cattle,  together  with  high  prices  for  beef  and  hides.  These  factors  have  led  to  a  depletion  of  the 
breeding  stock,  which  may  affect  the  industry  seriously  if  not  arrested. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


27 


Coffee  and  cacao  are  rapidly  beconiing  iiiiportant  croi)s.  Production  and  prices  during 
the  past  year  were  satisfactory. 

There  was  considerable  development  in  the  mining  inchistry  during  1916,  particularly  in 
iron,  manganese  and  copper. 

A  notable  feature  of  the  trade  of  Cuba  is  the  large  balance  of  trade  in  her  favor,  viz.,  .SISO,- 
000,000.    For  1914-15,  it  was  $92,000,000,  and  for  1913-14,  §.38,000,000. 

Imports  for  191.5-1(3  were  $172,000,000,  and  exports  $302,000,000. 


AMERICAN  BEET  SUGAR  CO 

Gross  earnings  of  the  .\merican  Beet  Sugar 
Company  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  March  31, 
totaled  $14,971,116,  compared  with  $10,479,- 
293  the  previous  year  After  making  de- 
duct ons  for  depreciation,  ecc,  there  is  a  bal- 
ance of  $4,254,747,  which  is  equivalent  to 
$28.36  a  share  on  150,000  s  ares  of  common 
stock,  compared  \A-ith  $14.30  earned  the  pre- 
\'ious  year.  President  Duval's  report  places 
the  average  cost  of  sugar  sold,  nc'uding 
freight  and  other  selling  expenses,  at  $4.21  a 
bag  of  100  pounds,  as  against  $3.95  last  year. 


MONEY  ORDERS 

The  Cuban  Government  has  paid  the 
United  States  $95,000  as  the  balance  due  the 
United  States  in  the  money  order  service  up 
to  February  28,  1917.  In  1916  Cuba  issued 
143,884  money  orders  on  American  post 
offices,  amounting  to  $1,311,548.85. 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY  CO. 

This  company  has  just  finished  a  well  for 
the  Hormiguero  Central  Corporation  at 
Hormiguero,  Cuba.  The  well  is  204  feet  deep, 
j-ields  70  gallons  of  water  per  minute  within 
suction  distance  and  80  gallons  of  water  per 
minute  with  the  pump  cylinder  down  in  the 
well  80  feet.  This  is  a  very  fine  well  and  the 
depth  is  very  moderate. 


BRAZIL 


The  directors  of  the  Rio  de  Janeiro  Trans- 
port Co.,  recently  founded  in  New  York  wdth 
a  capital  of  £1,000,000,  have  informed  the 
Brazilian  Ministers  of  Commerce  and  Ma- 
rine of  the  forthcoming  initiation  of  their 
service  with  large  and  rapid  cargo  boats, 
which  will  assure  a  regular  connection  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Brazilian  ports. 
The  commercial  exchange  between  the  two 
countries  will  be  further  assured  by  the  West 
Indies  Steamship  Co.,  which,  on  the  one 
part,  will  carr>'  on  a  regular  service  between 
Cuba  and  the  United  States,  and  on  the  other 
between  Cuba  and  Brazil,  the  River  Plate 
ports  and  the  Pacific,  making  the  return  jour- 


ney via  the  Panama  Canal. — Financial  N'ewSf 
London. 


DELAWARE  CHARTERS 

Cuba  Development  Co.,  deal  in  and  with 
stocks,  bonds,  etc.,  $1,000,000;  Herbert  E. 
Latter,  C.  L.  Rimlinger,  Clement  M.  Egner,. 
local  Wilmington,  Del.,  incorporators. 

Cuba  Motor  Company,  manufacture,  buy^ 
sel]  and  deal  in  and  with  automobiles,  etc., 
$10,000;  L.  B.  PhilHps,  J.  B.  Bailey,  local 
Dover  incorporators. 

West  Porto  Rico  Sugar  Co.,  acquire  sugar 
plantations  and  to  erect  and  maintain  sugar 
factories,  $3,000,000;  Carlos  Cabrea,  Julian 
B.  Shope,  Bartolmi  Surda,  New  York. 

Cuban  Colono  Co.,  plant,  grow  and  cultivate 
sugar  cane  and  operate  sugar  plantations^ 
$7,800;  M.  V.  Haywood,  C.  L.  Rimlinger, 
Clement  M.  Egner,  local  Wilmington,  Del., 
incorporators. 

NEW  YORK  CHARTERS 

The  Cuban  Confectionery  and  Trading  Co., 
Inc.,  merchandise  importers,  exporters,  $80,- 
000;  H.  B.  J.  Craig,  L.  L.  De.  La  Barra,  T. 
W.  Osterheld,  120  Broadway. 

The  Cuban  Amiesite  Co.,  Inc.,  patented 
pa\'ing  products,  patented  cement,  shares  no 
par  value,  begin  with  $500;  W.  C.  Zeller, 
G.  Link,  Jr.,  E.  C.  Draper,  17  Batterj^  Place. 

HAVANA  CUSTOM  HOUSE  RECEIPTS 

1916  1917 

January $2,280,601.09  $2,873,993.06 

February 1,863,434.44     2,260,266.97 

March 2,285,048.74     2,356,160.54 

Totals $6,429,084.27  $7,490,420.57 

HAVANA 

Mayor  Varona  Suarez,  in  a  report  to  the 
City  Council,  states  that  in  the  past  fiscal 
year  the  City  of  Havana  received  $4,619,- 
626.27  and  spent  $5,682,106.45,  a  difference 
of  $1,062,480.18  as  the  deficit  for  the  past 
year. 


28 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY 


Punta  Alegre   Mill   and    Buildings. 


THE  "PUNTA  ALEGRE"  MILL 


The  opening  of  this  new  central  took  place  recently  ind  was  attended  with  much  ceremony 
by  a  rei>resentative  list  of  Boston  financiers  as  well  gs  CLben  dignitaries. 

This  new  mill  is  situated  some  forty  miles  ecst  of  Cr  ibarien  on  the  north  capst.  The  factory 
and  batey  site  is  beautifully  placed  at  the  waters'  edge,  and  from  the  stamlpoint  of  the  shipping 
facilities  afforded,  the  location  is  ideal.  The  heavy  freight  charges  which  the  mills  in  the 
interior  of  the  isknd  have  to  besr  sre  elininated  since  the  sugrr  made  will  be  shipped  from  the 
company's  docks  and  in  its  lighters  to  shipside  at  Cayo  Frances  at  a  very  low  cost. 

The  mill,  erected  by  the  West  India  Management  and  Consultation  Com.pany,  and  em- 
bodying all  that  sugar  engineering  experience  of  the  past  thirty  years  has  proved  to  be  best,  is 
undoubtedly  what  a  sugar  mill  should  be  as  a  mechanical  proposition.  No  expense  has  been 
spared  to  obtain  this  end.    The  result  is  a  m.echanical  triumph. 

The  mill  is  one  of  the  two  that  have  installed  the  double  crusher  process.  This  method 
prepares  the  cane  more  thorough.ly  than  the  single  crusher,  and  makes  possible  a  m.uch  larger 
tonnage  with  a  better  extraction  of  sugar.  The  entire  plant,  with  the  exception  of  the  crushing 
machinery,  is  driven  by  electricity.  This  has  been  found  to  be  more  efficient  than  steam,  in 
that  it  allows  each  unit  to  be  controlled  more  easily  than  under  the  old  steam  process.  In  this 
mill  the  grouping  of  the  different  units  so  that  each  process  follows  along  the  line  of  least  resist- 
ance was  the  subject  of  very  careful  study,  with  the  result  that  the  plant  can  be  worked  at  a 
minimum  expense. 

Future  expansions  have  also  beenprovided  for  in  such  a  way  that  they  maybe  effected  with- 
out disturbing  in  any  particular  the  existing  arrangements.  The  plantation  from  which  the 
company  draws  its  supply  of  cane  for  the  Punta  San  Juan  (or  Punta  Alegre)  mill  consists  of 
35,000  acres  of  hea\\  black  loam  sugar  land,  drained  by  a  system  of  .small  ditches  which 
flow  into  a  large  ditch  more  than  fifteen  kilometers  long. 


r  H  I.    CUBA     R  E  VI  K  W 


29 


Interior   View,    Punta   Alegre    Mil 


Vacuum    Pans   and    Evaporator    Effects.    Punta    Alegre    Mill. 


30 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


'Casa   Vivienda" — Officers'    Living   Quarters,    Punta   Alcgre   Alil 


Loaded  Caii'3  Cars  and  Roadbed  at  the  Alill,  Piinta  Alegre  Mil 


The  cane  is  brought  from  the  plantation  to  the  mill  over  a  standard  gauge,  rock-ballasted 
railroad  of  some  forty  kilorr.eters,  with  no  grsde  exceeding  one-quarter  of  one  per  cent.  The 
steel  cars  used  for  transporting  the  cane  are  of  the  latest  model  with  a  capacity  of  thirty  tons 
each.  The  road  has  been  built  under  the  most  discouraging  conditions,  but  the  determination 
of  the  engineers  triumphed,  and  the  road  is  now  one  that  will  bear  comoarison  with  the  best  in 
the  island.  In  addition  to  the  main  lines,  there  is  a  system  of  portable  track  roads  which  act 
as  feeders  bringing  the  cane  from  the  more  distant  fields.  This  ramification  of  portable  track 
roads  will  make  it  possible  to  haul  the  cane  during  periods  of  rainy  weather  when  it  otherwise 
would  be  impossible  to  pursue  the  field  work. 


THE     CUBA     R  E  \M  E  \\- 


31 


Punta  Saa  Juan  Dock  on  Buenavista  Bay,   Puiita  Alegre  Sugar  Mill 


The  entire  property  is  provided  with  fresh  running  water  by  means  of  an  aqueduct  23 
kilometers  in  length.  The  water  comes  from  the  Chambas  River,  which  traverses  the  southern 
end  of  the  property  and  is  filtered  and  sterilized  before  it  is  pumped  into  large  storage  reservoirs. 

The  Batey  is  the  outcome  of  careful  planning,  so  that  the  hygienic  conditions  of  the  place 
should  be  of  the  best.  The  quarters  for  the  bachelors  are  commodious  and  comfortable,  while 
the  married  men  are  provided  with  houses  that  are  ideal  for  the  purpose.  Besides,  there  is  a 
considerable  supply  of  small  houses  for  married  laborers. 

The  officers  of  the  Punta  Alegre  Sugar  Co.  are:  President,  Edwin  F.  Atkins,  Boston,  Mass.; 
Vice-Presidents,  Chas.  B.  Wiggin,  Boston,  Mass.,  and  Elie  L.  Ponvert,  Hormiguero,  Cuba.; 
Treasurer,  Robert  W.  Atkins,  Boston,  Mass.;  Secretary,  John  E.  Thayer,  Jr.,  Boston,  Mass. 

The  directors  are:  Galen  L.  Stone,  E.  V.  R.  Thayer,  Frederick  R.  Ayer,  Jr.,  Chas.  B. 
Wiggin,  E.  B.  Dane,  Richard  F.  Hoyt,  Ralph  Hornblower,  all  of  Boston,  and  Geo.  H.  Frazier, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  and  W.  de  S.  IVIaud,  Havana. 

To  the  energy  of  these  men  and  to  their  belief  in  the  future  of  Cuba,  is  due  the  conception 
of  this  enterprise;  to  the  skill,  pluck  and  determination  of  the  men  under  them,  is  due  the  ac- 
complishment; and  the  organization  which  will  make  for  success  in  the  future  is  the  result  of 
much  painstaking  thought  and  unflagging  effort  on  the  part  of  the  active  managers  of  the 
Punta  Alegre  Sugar  Company. 


BEET  SUGAR   IN  SIBERIA 

A  committee  of  the  Society  of  Siberian 
Engineers  proposes  to  experiment  with  the 
cultivation  of  sugar-beet  seed  in  Siberia  with 
a  view  to  ascertaining  if  it  is  possible  to 
develop  this  industry.  It  is  planned  to  make 
the  experiments  cover  a  period  of  three  years, 
and  a  specialist  has  been  engaged  to  look 
after  the  ex-periments  on  the  plantations. 


CUBAN  CIGARS 

According  to  El  Tohaco,  Cuba,  during  the 
year  of  1916,  manufactured  390,126,959 
cigars.  They  were  produced  as  follows: 
Havana,  222,772,259;  Pinar  del  Rio,  12,561,- 
575;  Matanzas,  21,983,475;  Santa  Clara, 
56,954,075;  Camaguey,  8,088,200,  and  Ori- 
ente,  67,767,375.  This  production  was  larger 
than  any  in  recent  years. 


32  THECUBAREVIEW 


SIX    YEARS    OF  TRADE    WITH    CUBA 


United  States   Imports  from  Cuba 

1911               1912  1913  1914 

Value             Value  Value  Value 

Bananas $772,313  $961,948 

Cattle,  hides  and  skins $379,636        $627,544  425,336  1,526,788 

Copper  ore 620,522          729,525  741,917  2,123,174 

Iron  ore 4,864,186  2,288,102 

Sugarcane 76,226,966    106,414,904  93,850,298  115,517,902 

Tobacco— leaf 91,593          186,305  207,826  196,399 

Tobacco— all  other 15,818,867      15,767,120  14,523,310  14,509,847 


1915 

1916 

Value 

Value 

$987,573 

$995,020 

2,731,235 

2,981,749 

3,810,352 

5,769,593 

2,450,163 

2,195,409 

165,134,662 

202,799,472 

145,113 

213,573 

11,784,912 

12,109,375 

Total  imports  for  each  year..  $106,098,026  $137,890,C04  $125,093,740  $146,844,576    $197,548,146  $243,728,770 

United  States  Exports  to  Cuba 

1911 

Value 

Agricul.imple.,  and  parts  of.     .  $254,411 

Automobile  tires 

Books,  maps,  etc 259,888 

Boards,  joints,  etc 2,288,005 

Boots  and  shoes 3,297,704 

Bacon 556,588 

Com 1,402,792 

Cars— passenger  and  freight.  . .  1,603,821 

Cotton  cloth 1,657,757 

Coal— bituminous 2,776,619 

Furniture 752,867 

Hams  and  shoulders — cured .    .  638,311 

Iron  &  steel  pipes  and  fittings..  1,237,047 

Iron  and  steel  sheets  and  plates.         

Iron  and  steel,  structural 802,685 

Leather— glazed  kid 47,878 

Lard 3,974,656 

Lard  compounds  &  substitutes.  1,542,264 

Locomotives — steam 291,918 

Oil-cottonseed 182,008 

Oil— crude 374,298 

Oil— illuminating 54,439 

Oil— lubricating  and  heavy  .    .  395,454 

Pork— pickled 806,512 

Printing  paper 129,265 

Rosin 

Sewing  machines 338,017 

Typewriter  machines 101,721 

Tin  plates,  terneplates,  etc 119,681 

Wheat  flour 3,981,049 

Wagons 

Wire 560,931 


1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

Value 

$272,795 

$247,105 

$222,867 

$377,098 
356,903 

$688,124 
805,471 

306,505 

241,381 

246,613 

290,520 

328,994 

2,037,048 

2,939,581 

1,686,786 

2,080,936 

3,892,038 

3,483,566 

3,857,378 

3,585,082 

4,583,426 

6,759,377 

673,949 

1,136,067 

1,781,212 

1,494,633 

2,176,286 

1,815,979 

1,660,500 

1,868,314 

2,207,548 

2,739.846 

1,245,521 

2,420,049 

1,289,430 

1,232,431 

4,275,893 

1.867,837 

1,661,357 

1,860,626 

3,301,862 

5,.326.830 

3,061,934 

3.473,626 

3,011,776 

3,274,890 

3,762,319 

857,728 

908,228 

651,797 

688,677 

1,087,061 

766,698 

944,985 

963,514 

1,509,604 

1,995,678 

902,940 

1,059,062 

813,601 

1,031,569 

2,255,369 

712,455 

456,636 

739,473 

1,902,579 

619,889 

735,910 

517,103 

966,844 

2,474,289 

53,252 

70,140 

59,544 

.^0,895 

86,222 

3,478,059 

5,573,753 

5,182,098 

5,473,621 

7,431,869 

2,398,597 

1,490,911 

1,348,715 

1,265,974 

1,362,043 

266,302 

734,122 

437,680 

588,908 

1,660,193 

255,637 

340,478 

470,518 

530,080 

844,896 

237,008 

343,672 

482,504 

606,437 

1,171,031 

101,923 

155,191 

17,893 

25,808 

144,768 

548,289 

567,915 

500,043 

389,323 

973,661 

820,447 

883,968 

329,601 

636,095 

1,049,576 

209,177 

216,272 

268,700 

320,333 

431,729 

185,796 

373,340 

440,614 

277,786 

306,370 

436,468 

111,601 

107,406 

92,027 

145,714 

216,579 

162,619 

204,596 

126,901 

217,309 

413,445 

4,330,747 

4,094,182 

4,326,135 

6,075,953 

7,306,918 

37,611 

41,481 

21,718 

46,153 

415,117 

470,822 

395,272 

519,817 

1,119,154 

Total  exports  for    each  year $62,280,509    $65,228,061    $73,238,834    $67,877,382    $95,750,004  $164,622,950 


In  coiiiiection  with  the  statistics  of  the  United  States  trade  with  Cuba,  it  i.s  interesting  to 
note  the  charts  shown  on  the  opposite  page,  which  are  reproduced  from  a  chart  issued  by 
the  Pan-American  Union.  The  upper  chart  shows  the  exports  from  the  United  States  to  Latin 
America  for  1916,  totaling  §497,155,369,  of  which  the  exports  to  Cuba  amounted  to  $164,622,- 
950.  The  chart  in  the  lower  part  of  the  page  shows  the  United  States  imports  from  Latin 
America  for  1916,  totaling  $823,578,723,  of  which  the  imports  from  Cuba  amounted  to  $243,- 
728,770.     These  charts  empha.«ize  the  importance  of  the  trade  with  Cuba. 


m 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


33 


34 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


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It  may  be  seen  from  the 
accompanying  diagram  that 
shipments  of  Cuban  raw  sugar 
to  Europe  have  increased  in 
volume  during  the  last  two 
months  and  are  now  onh" 
60,000  tons  less  than  last  year 
at  this  time. 

During  the  same  period 
Europe  has  taken  in  refined 
sugar  from  the  United  States 
only  40%  of  what  was 
shipped  last  year.  With  this 
large  decrease  in  shipments 
of  refined  sugars,  it  seems 
reasonable  to  presume  that 
the  European  demand  for 
Cuban  raw  sugar  will  show 
no  abatement  during  the  bal- 
ance of  the  year. 

jAn    Feb    Har  Apr    May  Juti,  Jul  Au6   5ep.    Oct    nov   Dec 

DIAGRAM 
Showing  Exports  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar  to  Europe  during    1915,    1916  and    1917 

(to  May   1st) 


SUGAR  CULTIVATION  IN  NATAL 

In  1915,  140,000  acres  were  devoted  to 
sugar  cane  growing  and  46,000  acres  addition- 
al are  now  being  prepared  for  cane;  184,000 
acres,  after  inspection,  were  declared  suitable 
for  the  cultivation  of  sugar  cane,  and  it  is 
rumored  that  a  sjTadicate  of  sugar  growers 
proposes  to  purchase  some  110,000  acres  of 
sugar  cane  land. 

In  Xatal  there  are  about  30  sugar  centrals, 
all  of  which  are  equipped  with  British  ma- 
chinery. 


PANAMA 

The  National  Assembly  of  Panama  has 
approved  a  contract  made  by  the  Executive 
with  the  Amalgamated  Sugar  Co.  of  Utah 
for  the  sale  to  that  company  of  8,000  hectares 
(hectare  equals  2.47  acres)  of  unoccupied 
Government  land  west  of  the  River  Chiriqui 
Viejo,  to  be  planted  to  sugar  cane  within  two 
years.  The  price  of  land  was  $2.50  per 
hectare,  subject  to  the  execution  of  the  terms 
of  the  contract. 


THECUBAREVIEW  35 


CENTRALS   REPORTED  AS  FINISHED    GRINDING 

MAY  7,   1917 


Bags  Per  Cent 

Central  Est.  Actual  Short         Over      Short       Over 

KWANA 

Occidente 25,000        16,542         8,4.58  347c 

MATANZ.\S 

Armenia 8.5,000        77,300  7,700  9% 

Elena  15,000        19,000  4,000  27% 

Feliz  135,000.      142,000  7,000  5% 

G  Mena  365,000      325,000        40,000  119c 

Triunfo 20,000        30,000  10,000  50% 

SAGUA 

Maria  .\ntonio 50,000        40,300  9,700  19% 

CAIBARIEN 

Vitoria 165,000        30,000       13.5,000  82% 

CIEXFUEGOS 

Dos  Hermanos  fAcea) 28,000        28,000 

NTJEVITAS 

Senado 270,000    64,000   206,000  76% 

ANTILLA  &  NIPE  BAY 

Alto  Cedro  90,000  (?J  Abandoned 

Cupey       110,000        30,000        80,000  73% 

Elia                           115,000        2.3,000        92,000  80% 

jobabo'' 300,000        60,000      240,000  80% 

SANTA  CRUZ 

Francisco 350,000      195,000      155,000  44% 


2,123,000    1,080,142 
1,080,142 

1,042,858  bags  short,  or  about  150,000  tons. 

Estates  reported  finished 15 

Per  cent  of  estimated  crop  reported 8.7% 

Average  shortage 49% 


SUGAR  REVIEW 


Specially  vritfen  for  the  Cuba  Retiew  by  Wilktt  &  Gray,  Xeo  York. 

Our  last  re%-iew  for  this  magazine  was  dated  April  9th,  1917. 

At  that  date  Cuba  centrifugal  sugar  96°  test  basis  was  quoted  at  5-1 /32e.  cost  and  freight 
and  at  this  MTiting  is  53^c.  c.  &  f. 

During  the  interim  the  changes  were  as  follows:  April  10,  5140.;  11th,  5-5/16c.;  12th, 
o3/^c.;  13th,  5-7/ 16c.;  19th,  SMc;  23rd,  SJ^c;  24th,  5-3 'IGc;  25,  o^c;  26th,  5-3/16c.; 
May  1st,  5Mc.;  c.  &  f.  unchanged  to  date. 

From  these  quotations  it  is  to  be  noted  that  fluctuations  were  He.  dovm  to  3,  16c.  up  from 
the  5Mc.  level,  at  which  the  month  began  and  closed. 

Sugar  must  now  be  classed  among  other  food  products  subject  to  regulations  to  be  fixed 
by  the  Ciovernment.  Thus  far  the  Government  has  made  no  special  regulations,  but  much 
talk  relating  thereto  is  being  heard  from  "\^'ashington. 

No  doubt  the  action  of  refiners  in  limiting  the  distribution  of  refined  sugar  to  the  countrj' 
to  the  actual  requirements  of  consiunption  has  done  much  to  keep  prices  from  advancing  as 
thev  might  have  done,  temporarily  at  least,  under  a  strong  speculative  demand  from  all  sources. 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 

The  Government  no  doubt  takes  notice  of  this  disposition  on  the  part  of  refiners  to  dis- 
courage undue  speculation  in  sugar  and  for  this  reason  is  Ukely  to  take  no  spec'al  action  in 
hmiting  trade  and  prices  for  sugar,  unless  these  circumstances  change  to  active  speculation 
on  the  Sugar  Exchange,  of  which  there  are  no  signs  at  present. 

It  is  to  be  noted  specially'  that  recent  reduced  estimates  of  the  outturn  of  the  Cuba  crop 
are  being  replaced  by  a  return  to  higher  former  e  timates.  We  have  seen  no  special  reasons 
for  changing  our  OA\ai  estimate  of  o,000,000  tons  which  seems  likely  to  be  confirmed  by  results. 

There  is  now  but  little  expectation  of  an  internal  revenue  tax  l>eing  placed  on  sugar,  or 
any  change  in  the  rate  of  duty  on  same.  The  only  Government  action,  if  any,  may  be  that  in  a 
control  of  prices  for  food  products,  some  mention  may  be  m.ade  of  sugar,  but  this  has  for  the 
time  being  no  influence  upon  prices. 

There  appears  at  this  writing  to  be  a  waiting  market,  without  special  indication  of  either 
an  upward  or  downward  important  movement,  the  tone  and  tendency  if  anything,  being  to 
steadiness  with  a  slight  upward  trend. 

WILLETT  &   GRAY. 

New  York,  May  7th,  1917 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 

Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  por  WiUett  &  Gray,  de  Nueva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  reseha  para  esta  publcacion  estaba  fechada  el  9  de  abr^l  de  1917,  en  cuya 
fecha  el  aziicar  centrifugo  de  Cuba  polarizacion  96°  se  cotizaba  a  5-1 /32c.  costo  y  flete,  y 
ahora  se  cotiza  d  53^c.  costo  y  flete. 

Durante  ese  plazo  los  cambios  fueron  como  sigue:  abril  10,  5}ic.;  el  11,  5-5/16c.;  el  12, 
dVsc;  el  13,  5-7/16c.;  el  19,  SMc;  el  23,  SVsC.;  el  24,  5-3/16c.;  el  25,  5Kc.;  el  26,  5-3/16c.;  el 
1  de  mayo,  5J^c.  costo  y  flete,  sin  cambio  hasta  la  fecha. 

De  e.stas  cotizaciones  se  observara  que  las  fluctuaciones  fueron  3^c.  hacia  la  l:)aja  a  3/16c., 
hacia  el  alza  del  nivel  de  534c.,  a  cuyo  precio  empezo  y  termino  el  mes. 

El  azucar  debe  ahora  ser  comprendido  entre  los  demas  prodiictos  alimenticios  sujetos  a 
las  regulaciones  fijadas  por  el  Gobierno.  Kasta  ahora  el  Gobierno  no  ha  planteado  regnlaciones 
especiales,  pero  se  oyen  muchos  rumores  procedentes  de  Washington  acerca  de  ese  asunto. 

Indudablemente  el  proceder  de  los  refinadores  en  limitar  la  distribucion  del  azucar  re- 
finado  para  el  pais  a  los  actuales  requerimientos  del  consumo  ha  influenciado  mucho  a  que 
dejaran  de  subir  los  precios,  coroo  hubiera  sucedido,  a  lo  m.enos  provisionalmente,  bajo  una 
grande  demanda  por  todas  partes. 

El  Gobierno  indudablemente  se  apercibe  de  esta  disposicon  por  parte  de  'os  refinadores 
para  desanimar  la  indebida  especulacion  en  el  azucar  y  por  este  m.ot'vo  es  probable  que  no  tome 
medidas  especiales  para  limitar  el  com.ercio  y  los  precios  del  azucar,  a  menos  que  estas  circuns- 
tancias  se  cambien  en  activa  especulacion  en  la  Bolsa  de  Azucar,  de  lo  cual  no  hay  indicios  al 
presente. 

Ha  de  notarse  especiahnente  que  los  recientes  calculos  de  reduccion  de  la  zafra  de  Cuba 
vuelven  a  ser  sustituidos  por  los  anteriores  calculos  de  mayor  cuantia.  No  hemos  visto  motivos 
especiales  para  cambiar  nuestro  calculo  de  3,000,000  toneladas,  cuyo  ca'culo  parece  ser 
probable  sea  confirmado  por  los  resultados. 

Hay  ahora  poca  probabilidad  de  que  se  imponga  un  derecho  de  impuesto  al  azucar,  ni 
que  haya  cambo  alguno  en  los  derechos  arancelarios  do  este  articulo.  La  unica  medida  que 
podrd,  tomar  el  Gobierno,  si  lo  hace,  sera  que  al  regularizar  los  precios  de  los  productos  ali- 
menticios, podra  hacerse  alguna  mencion  del  azucar,  pero  eso  por  ahora  no  tendril  influencia  en 
los  precios. 

A  escribir  esta  reseiia  parece  haljer  un  mercado  en  espera,  sin  indicio  especial  de  movi- 
miento  importante  hacia  el  alza  ni  hacia  la  baja,  el  tono  y  la  tendencia,  si  es  de  esperarse, 
algo,  sendo  mas  bien  hacia  un  mercado  estable  con  ligera  tenencia  al  alza 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Nueva  York,  mayo  7  de  1917. 


THE     CUBA     R  E  V  I  E  W 


37 


Cable  Address   "Turnure" 


New  York— 64— 66   Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.     Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi 

dends  and  Interest     Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.    Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 

Exchange.    Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.    Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 

of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spait ,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 

and  Central  and  South  America 

CORRESPONDENTS: 

HAVANA— M.  GelaU  y  Ca.  LONDON 

PUERTO  RICO -Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto  Rico 


-The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 
PARIS— Heine  et  Cie. 


GRAMERCY   ELECTRIC   STIRRER 

Useful  for  many  purposes  besides 
stirring. 

The  Universal  :Motor  1-10 LLP.  can 
be  operated  on  direct  current  or  alter- 
nating current,  is  fully  enclosed  with 
aluminium  cover  and  can  be  raised 
or  lowered  as  desired.  It  is  attached 
to  the  support  by  an  adjustable 
extension  clamp.  The  heavy  iron 
support  has  a  base  16  inches  by 
25  inches.  Underneath  the  base,  a 
rheostat  with  ten  steps  is  attached, 
the  wires  passing  up  from  the  rheostat 
to  the  motor  through  the  hollow  rod. 

Gramercy  Electric   Stirrer  with  Support,  as 
Illustrated,  net  -  -  $20.00 

ElMER    &    AMEND 

HEADQUARTERS    FOR     EDUCATIONAL    AND     INDUSTRIAL    LABORATORY    SUPPLIES 

205  THIRD  AVENUE,  CORNER  18TH  STREET,  NEV/  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PITTSBURGH,  PA.  I- Oun-lf  1    is.l.  OTTAWA,   CANADA 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 

P.  O.   BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 


We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


CARS 


104.8^    GAGE  FL\TS— Length   10   ft,  Cin. 

Ciparity  20,000  lbs. 

28-24  in.    GAGE.    8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom    Gondola 

ALL  STEEL  CONSTRUCTION 

Length  19  ft    4  in.    Capacity  10  Tons. 

Weight  7,500  lbs. 

Fl  RST  -  CLASS     CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe   Flat  Cars. 

PROMPT  SHIPMENT       .-.      LOW  PRICE 

RAILS,      LOCOMOTIVES,      CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 

LRA.ZELniCrtER  SUPPL' 

ii.TTr(#i 


38 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and  Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


COCOA 

Fiscal  year  ended  June  30 
1911  1912  1913  1914  1915 

U.  S.  imports  of  crude 

cocoa  from  Cuba $75,0oo      $147,244 

U.  S.  reexports  of  cocoa  to 

Cuba 8,150  3,614 

U.  S.    imports    of    cocoa 

products  from  Cuba...  4,625  4,856 

U.  S. exports  of  cocoa  and 

chocolate   manufactur- 

tures  to  Cuba 29,735         51,085 


1916 
,836     $326,642     $517,938     $411,502 
4,202  4,676  2,103  3,744 

7,382  8,899  9,837  9,978 


57,589         48,379  41,591         64,667 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1  WALL  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29. 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  busine.5s  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.  A.   MERCHANT 
J.  T.   MONAHAN 
CHAS.    F.   PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES     - 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.  Cashier 


Pedro   Pablo   Diago  Guillermo   Carricaburu 

LOUIS    V.    PLACE   CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP     BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,   Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:   "PLAC£" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET         .-.  .'.         NEW     YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::  $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sarnple  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Pte2se  rmntioa   THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  wnlinj  to  Advertisers 


THECUBAREVIEVV  39 


POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

/^  Y   T    A   TVT    A      f    A   \Z     T^'®'"    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL    STATION   from 
\j|J/\[>|/\J/\   1  5  A.M.   to  8  P.M.        Last   train  11.20  P.  M. 

Fare,  55  Cents 

Gw   T      w     m  T     J-*      ^  Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL  STATION   from 

LJ      1     IN      III     iD  5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.M.      Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 

Fare,   80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGL.4,  GUANAB.\COA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) $0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Fleet  ric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Oaljiinas  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10..30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  ^F 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 


ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

.Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brass 

Castings.     Light  and   Heavy   Forgings.     All  kinds  of  Machinery   Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.   KLING,   Prop.  MORTI  F       AI  A 

JAS.  S.   BOGUE,  Supt.  IVlV-fDll-IL,     /\l-/\. 


OILS,    GREASES 

and  other 

OIL  PRODUCTS 

of  the  famous  "Zander"  brand 
made  of  the  best  Pennsylvania 
Oil. 

A.  C.  FABRICIUS 

82-92  Beaver  St. 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

ACEITES,GRASAS 

y  otros 

Productos  de  Aceite 

Marca  "Zander" 
manufacturados     de     los    me- 
jores  aceites    de    Pennsylvania 

Cable — Fabriciusa    Se  Busca    Agentes 

Telephone,  33  Hamilton.     Night  Call,  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:     "Abiworka,"  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  ForginitJB.Iron  and  Brass  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,    Oil   Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter   and    Joiner    Work 

t»-20  SUMMIT  STREET   \m   .     m ^ii»„„   p-.,,„  BROOKLYN     N     Y 

11-27   IMLAY  STREET       I  ^'"  Hamilton   F«rry  BROOKLYN,   N.    Y. 

Afenta  for  "Klnshorn"   Multiplex  V«l»« 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE 

TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 

CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Correapondenc*   Solicited   from 
Intandlng        Invastora 

OFFICERS 
^Jorman  H.  Davii      -     -     .     .     .     Preiident 
Oiwald  A.  Hornsby   -     -     -     -  Vioe-Preiident 
Claudio  G.  Mendoia       -     -     -  Vice-PreBident 

J.  M.  Hopgood Treaeurei 

Rogelio  Carbajal Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner    -     -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Dept 

P. 

RUIZ 

a 

BROS. 

Engro 

vers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

BOMBA  VIKING 

PARA  TODOS   LI  QUI  DOS 

Especialmente  miel  y  leche  de  cal;  todos  tamanos 
para  tuberla  de  1,  4  pulgada  hasta  8  pulgadas. 

VIKING  PUMP  CO.,  108  Wall  St.,  N.  Y. 
HORACE  F.   RUGGLES,   M.E. 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO   EN   18G9 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Activo  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  Sts. 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en  Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espafia  6  Islas  Canaiias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

d    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeros  en  Libras 

Esterlinas    6   Pesetas,    valederas   estas   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la  Habana 

Galiano  92,  iMonte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Of icina  Principal      -      -      -      OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established    1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the   Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi= 
ness — Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  GONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable  Address,   "Tide,  New   York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  vmting  to  Advertisers 


THE    CDBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 

No.  9  No.  1 

P.M.  P.  M. 

No.l7 

P.  M. 

No.  3 

P.  M. 

No.  7  No.  5   .2  I                 H-„«„» 
A.M.  A.M.    2'                 Havana 

No.  2  No.18  No.  4  No.  8iNo.  6  No.lO 

A.M.  A.M.  P.  M.jP.  M.|P.  M.jA.M. 

10.30 

10.00 

A.  M. 

12.06 

4.40 

9.00 
10.55 

5.28 

5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 

3.10 

5.27 
7.30 

10.01    7.40 

11.5810.10 
2.18  12.33 

4.40 

8.40 

3.38 

6.45    6.45 
P.  M. 
6.40 

Lv.  . Central  Station .  .Ar. 

58  Ar.  .  .  .Matanzas.  ....  Lv. 
109  Ar .  . .  .  Cardenas Lv. 

179  Ar Sagua .Lv. 

230  Ar Caibarien Lv. 

180. Ar. . .  Santa  Clara.  .  . .  Lv. 

7.36 

5.31 
12.45 
P.  M. 

8.00 

9.13|  2.06 

6.45  12.00 
5.001  9.12 

A.M. 

6.39 

4.44 
1.05 

12.00 
8.20 

'8^66 
A.M. 

9.05 

6.28 
4.25 

6.20 

* 

10.40 

5  30 

j 

* 

i.  17 

A.M. 
12.10 

6.20 

1.00 

io!oo 

A.M. 

8.50 

10.20 

P.  M. 

1.00 

in  nn 

241   Ar.   SanfitiSnirittia        Lv. 

P.M. 
8.25 

7.35 

4.55 
A.M. 
7.40 

!p.  M. 

9.15i 

A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.M. 

3.00 

3.30 

8.00  276  Ar..CiegodeAvila.  .  .Lv. 

10.30  340  Ar Camaguey.  .  .  .  Lv. 

P.M. 

520  Ar            Antilla              Lv. 

1.55 
P.  M. 
11.20 

2  30 

1 
8.48! 

6.15 

A.M.I 

'ii.oo 

538  .'^r.  Santiago  de  Cuba.  Lv. 

6.55 !   2.00 

;P.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.M.              P.M. 

1 

Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


From  Havana  to  Berth  Compartment 

Cienfuegos $3.00                   .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00                $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50                10.00 

Antilla 5.00                 14  00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00                  14.00 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
$1000 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 

THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


U.  S.  Cy. 

U    S  Cy 

$23.33 

Isle  of  Pines 

$6.00 

Batabano 

1.53 

Madruga 

3.01 

Bayamo 

20.60 

Manianillo 

22.02 

Caibarien 

10.68 

Matanzaa 

3.20 

Camaguey 

15.49 

Placetas 

9.64 

Cardenas 

5.43 

Remedios 

10.43 

Ciego  de  Av-ila 

12.72 

Sagua 

8.45 

8  69 

.45 

5.56 

11.19 

25.58 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

8.53 

Holguin 

21.20 

24.11 

Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-ovor  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 

''WEEK=END"   TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  "WEEK=END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Send  three  oents  in  stamps  for  "Cuba — A  Winter  Paradise,"  a  beau-    1TnifA<l     Railuravc    nf     l-Iavans 
tiful   illustrated  booklet   describing    interesting   trips    in  Cuba   to      ^JUllCU     IVaUWdjrs    MX     Iiavaiia 
FRANK  ROBERTS,   Gsneral   Passenger  Agent.  Prado,   118,   Havana,    Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


S.    F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89   BROAD  STREET.  Cor.   Stone 

NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Importacidn    directa    de    todas    los 
cenlros   inaniifaclureros   del   inundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espaila 
Independencia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS,   CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 

OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

112      Wall      Street,      New     York 

Near   South   Street 

Yard:  56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 

Telephones : 

Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING   ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
Piers,  Bridges,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


We  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all   classes    of    contracting    work    in    Cuba. 

New  York  Office: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Munro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722   Third   Ave.,   Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,    New    York 
Telephone,  2192   South 


Teleptione 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 
Maritime    Excliange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar   Makers. 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s  en  c 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  push  Iht  iaU§  of 

American  high  class  products.    Would 

rtpresent  a  first  class  firm 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 

MI    PARANA     COMMISSION 
.   .1.    V^/\D/\l"N/\         MERCHANT 

P.  O.  Box  3,  Camaguey 

Handles  all  lines  of  merchandise  either  on  a  uom- 
mission  basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  east- 
em  Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoslef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Miobalsen 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshlpAgents&SliipBrokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

CabU:    "B«nff««««" 


Pleate  tnetUion  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  AdverHters 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


S.S.  MUNAMAR 


NEW  YORK  CUBA  SERVICE 


S  learner 
iMUxXAMAR . . . 
MUNAMAR... 

PASSENGER   AND  FREIGHT 

New   York        Antilla          Nuevitas 

Leave                Arrive               Arrive 
June     16        Juno    20         June    22 
June    30        July        4         July       0 

Nuevitas 

Leave 
June    24 

July       8 

New  York 

Arrive 

June    28 

July     12 

FREIGHT 

ONLY 

Regular 

sailings  for 
Padre, 

Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagua,  C 
Gibara,  Manati  and  Banes. 

aibarie?!,    Ft 

n. 

MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

MUNISLA Havana,  Matanzas June    5 

KAREN Havana,  Sagua )une  12 

A  STEAMER Caibarien,  Cienfuegos,  Santiago June  13 

MUNISLA Havana,  Matanzas, June  19 

KAREN Havana,  Cardenas June  2(5 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER June  20,  for  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario. 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER June  7  and  21 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports   of  call 

without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904=1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  arc 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating     tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 


-WILMINGTON,    DEL. 


S.   MORRIS  LILLIE,   President 


Grand  Prize  awarded  for  Locomotives  at  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  Furnished  on  Application 
REPRESENTATIVES     FOR    THE     WEST     INDIES: 

WALUCE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable  Addresses:  "BALDWIN.   PHILADELPHIA,"   "LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertiser! 


The 


REVIEW 


1^^ 


■i^j 


yfl-AJt 


J  U  N  E 

bblisliediyihe  n«nson.Sf«flfeln'|>lint  'i 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


<  Trade    Mark 


Look  for  This  ^> 

On  Every  Link  and  Chain  You  Buy 

It  is  your  guarantee  of  Reliability.  Each 
link  is  made  of  the  very  best  materials, 
subjected  to  rigid  tests,  and  careful  in- 
spection before  shipment. 


Write  for  Catalog  and  full  particulars 

Link-Belt  Company 

299   BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


JAMES  M.  MOTLEY 


71  BEAVER  STREET 
NEW  YORK 

Gerente  del   Departamento  de  Veritas  en   el   Extranjero  de 
THE  WEIR  FROG  COMPANY  CLEVELAND  PUNCH  AND  SHEAR  WORKS  CO. 


DUNCAN,  STEWART  &  CO.,  LTD. 
STANDARD  WATER  SYSTEMS  CO. 
STANDARD  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY  CO. 


PENNSYLVANIA  BOILER  WORKS 
THE  JOHN  H.   McGOWAN  CO. 
THE  RAHN-LARMON   CO. 

Los  produc'tos  de  pstas  Fabiifiis  abarc-Ui: 

Locomotoras  Livianas 
Gruas  sobre  Ruedas 
Garros:    Para  Cafia 
Para  Carga 
Para  Obras  de 
Construccion 
Carriles  y  accesorios 
Via  Portatil 
Ranas  y  Chuchos 
Puentes  de  Acero 
Edificios  de  .\cero 
Maquinas  de  Izar 
Aserraderos 
Calderas 

Maquinas  a  Vaoor 
Maquinas  a  Petroleo 
Maquinas  a  Gasolina 
Bombas 
Tanques 
Tornos 

Prensag  para  Ruedas 
Maquinas  para  Taladrar 

Metales 
Acepilladoras  para  Met- 
ales 
Punzones  y  Cizallas  para 

Metales 
Ejes,  Poleas  y  Accesorios 
Trapiches,  Desmenuzadoras  y  toda  clase  de  Maquinaria  para  Ingenios  de  Aziicar 
Calentadores  de  Agua  para  Calderas  Alambiques  para  Agua  Evaporadores  de  Serpentines 

Maquinaria  Frigorifica 
A  solicitud  sc  remitcn  catalogos  y  prcsupuestos. 
Direccion  cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,   New    York   (Se  usan  todas  las  clavcs.) 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


/^  A  DO^C    PARA  TODOs  USDS  y  de  todos  tamanos,  de  los  para  cafla  con  cuatro    ruedas  y  capa- 

V^'^****^'^    cidad  de   I'/t   toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toneladas 

Hacemos    una    especialidad    de    juegos    de    herrajes,    incluyendo    los    juegos 

de  ruedas,  completamente  armadas,  con  todas  las  piezas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

completos    para    construir    los    carros    d    su    destine    de    maderas    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


CAnr.F.  Addrkss: 

RA>rAI,IAM 


HOLBROOK   TOWING   LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 

^^Is-te'^       SOUTH  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A.       S'Z7.l 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 


SUGARS 


RAW  AND 
REFINED 


82   WALL   STREET,   NEW   YORK 

Publishers  of   Daily   and  Weekly   Statistical    Sugar  Trade  Journal— the   recognized   authority  of  the  trad«. 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET  ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


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El  grabado  ensefia  uno  de  nuestros  carroa,  todo  de  acero,  para  cafia. 

Tenemos  otros  tipos  de  capacidades  varias  y  hemos  fabricado  un  gran  aumero  de  carros  para  cafia  para 
use  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  America-Central  y  M6xico,  que  tienen  jaulrs  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
atruidaa  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cafia. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.U.A. 

Direcci6n  telegrAfica:     NALLIM,  New  York  Produccidn  annual  de  mds  de   100,000  carrot. 

Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B  CINTAS.  Ofjcioa  29-31.  Havana. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


FOR  MOLASSES  USE 


MATERIAL 
FABRICATED 


Off  ic«  In  TuUa. 
Oklahoma,    Gallais  Bldg. 

2728  Whitehall  BuUdlnc 
NEW  YORK 


H  AIMOIND  T  yVINK 


WARREN.  PEN  N. 


BUILT  BY 


STEEL  TANKS 


COMPLETE 
OR  ERECTED 

Los  Angeles  Office 

414   Grosse  Building 

Spring  &  Sixth 

Agtntt  in  Cuba: 
ELLIS  BROTHERS 

28  San  Ignacio,  Havana,  Cuba 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


Insist  upon 
Walker's   "LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"Lion"  BrassTrade  Mark  Labels  and  Seals  attached. 

Di^ripVa"ata.og  Jafflcs  WalRcf  &  Company,  Ltd. 

27   THAMES   STREET,    NEW    YORK   CITY 

,  Sole  Agent  for  Cuba 

JOSE    L.    VIl^I^AAMIL 

Santa     Clara     29,     Havana,     Cuba 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  M 
5  15 
7  15 


P  M 


P  M 
2  55 
4  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
P  M 


P  M 
2  15 
4  15 


P  M 


AM 
10  1 
12  If 


PM 


AM 
6  55 
8  33 
10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


A  M 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 
AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3  99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  . Ar 

Ar Artemisa Lv. 

kr Paso  Real Lv 

Ar Herradura Lv, 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio Lv 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 
3dcl. 
$1.10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 


AM 
7  49 
5  45 


A  M 


AM 
11  09 
9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 


AM 
11  47 
9  45 


AM 


P  M 
3  49 
1  45 


P  M 


P  M 
6  47 
4  45 


6  38 
3  00 

P  M 


P  M 


7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
3  00 
1  30 
P  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho   Boyeros 15  cts. 

Calabazar 10  "       |  Santiago  de  las  Vegas    ....     20    " 

Rincon 25  cts. 


Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


M.  to  9.15  P.M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Ha\  ana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  o' 
Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25% 


Flease  Mmtim  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  Writing  lo  Advertisers. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An   Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92   Beaver  Street.   New  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 

$1.00  Per  Year         -----__         lo  Cents  Single  Copy 

Advertising  Rales  on  Applicalion 


Vol.  XV  JUNE,   1917  No.  7 

Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — The  Gorge,  Yuimui  Valley. 
Frontispiece — President  MaiioG.  Menoeal. 

All  Around  Cuba: 

Cienfuegos ^  I 

Havana  Correspondence j  I 

Nuevitas  Warehouse,  illustrations ]  •' 

Train  S jrvic ; jj" 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

Matanzas  Fertilizer  Works,  illustrated 2G,      27,      28       29 

Oil  Wells,  illustrated ......".'...".'.    "29    30 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

International  Portland  Cement  Corp 25 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Sscurities 21 

Report  of  the  American  Beet  Sugar  Co 2-4    25 

Report  of  the  Cuban  Telephone  Co ........  .22,  23,'  24 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban  Railroads .  .~ '.  .  .  '  20 

Cuban  Government  Matters: 

Bond  Issue 7 

Cuban  Fruits v; 

Cuban  Gunboats jo 

Cuban  r.,oan v; 

Cuban  Mili'ia .^ ............  .  10 

Department  of  Agriculture S 

Food  Control  Board S 

Immigration 9 

InausuraMon 7 

Naval  Srhool 10 

till  Machinery '  <) 

Postal  S  Tvice '             '     '  \{\ 

Railroail  (  'commission S 

Tra<le  Mark  Registration '.1 

United  States  and  Cuba 10 

Sugar  Industry: 

Centrals  Finished  Grinding 32    33 . 

Chart,  Average  Price  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar ...........     '  34 

Cuban  Government  Estimate 31 

San  Agustine  Estate 33 

Sugar  Tax 35 

Sugar  Review,  English 35    3(5 

Sugar  Review,  Spanish 3C, 

Suggestions  to  the  Home  Seeker,  illustrated 13,  14,  \r,,  10,  17,  18    19 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


President  Mario  G.   Menocal,   Inaugurated    May    20,    1917,   for  His  Second   Term. 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL  ABOUT   CUBA" 

Copyright,  1917,  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line 


Volume    XV 


JUNE,   1917 


Number   7 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


Ganeral  Emilio  Xufr-z,  Vice-President  of  Cuba. 
INAUGURATION 

On  the  20th  of  May,  General  Mario  Gar- 
cia Menocal  took  the  oath  of  office  to  the 
Presidency  of  Cuba  for  another  term  of  four 
years.  The  ceremony  took  place  in  the  Presi- 
dential Palace  at  noon  and  was  a  very  simple 
one. 

General  Emilio  Xuiiez  assumed  the  office 
of  Vice-President  of  the  Repubhc  of  Cuba. 


BONDS  AUTHORIZED 

President  Menocal  has  signed  a  decree  auth- 
orizing issuance  of  $30,000,000  of  Governm.ent 
bonds  for  a  war  loan,  in  line  with,  his  recom,- 
m.endation  to  Congress  last  month.  His  recom- 
mendation has  been  before  Congress,  but  be- 
cause of  the  delay  occasioned  by  a  divergence 
of  opinion  and  in  view  of  the  urgent  necessity 
of  funds  for  war  purposes, the  President  took 
matters  into  his  own  hands,  utilizing  the 
authority  granted  to  him.  in  the  joint  resolu- 
tion adopted  by  Congress  last  month  to  avail 
himself  of  all  the  material  resources  of  the 
nation. 

The  bonds  will  be  issued  in  three  sections', 
the  first  in  the  fiscal  year  beginning  July  1  and 
the  second  and  third  in  the  two  succeeding 
fiscal  years.  They  will  bear  interest  of  not 
m.ore  than  6  per  cent,  and  their  amortization 
will  begin  at  the  conclusion  of  the  war. 

The  decree  also  provides  for  several  revenue 
m.eas\ires.  Among  them  is  a  normal  tax  of 
10  cents  on  each  bag  of  sugar  weighing  325 
pounds  or  more  and.  an  extraordinary  war 
tax  of  10  cents  when  the  price  of  sugar,  f .  o.  b. 
Havana,  is  3  cents  a  pound  or  m.ore.  Sugar 
companies  operating  in  Cuba  also  will  be  taxed 
6  per  cent  of  net  profits,  which  are  to  be  de- 
termined by  adding  the  tax  by  weight  to  the 
cost  of  production. 

Mining  and  insurance  companies  also  will 
be  taxed,  the  former  6  per  cent,  of  net  profits 
and  the  latter  4J^^  per  cent  of  premiums. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN   GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


RAILROAD  COMMISSION 

The  Commission  which  was  appointed  by 
the  Cuban  Government  some  time  ago  to 
study  the  question  of  the  nationaUzation  of  the 
Cuban  railways  has,  it  is  reported,  finished  its 
work,  and  its  report  should  prove  of  great  in- 
terest. 

The  Cuban  railroads  have  been  criticised 
on  account  of  the  service  and  also  on  account 
of  the  freight  rates,  which  are  claimed  to  be 
excessive.  The  Cuban  public,  realizing  that 
the  railroads  are  largely  owned  by  foreign 
capital,  is  prone  to  believe  that  the  rates  are 
based,  on  the  proposition  that  the  traffic  should 
bear  all  that  is  possible,  rather  than  on  the 
proposition  that  the  best  interests  of  the 
Ciiljan  i)ublic  should  be  served  by  low  but  fair 
freight  rates. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Upon  General  Nunez's  assuming  the  office  of 
Vice-President  of  Cuba,  the  position  of  Secre- 
tary of  Agriculture  was  left  vacant.  Until  a 
new  secretary  is  appointed,  the  office  will  be 
administered  by  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
Sr.   Cancio. 


FOOD  CONTROL  BOARD 

By  a  decree  of  the  president,  this  board  has 
been  reorganized  and  consists  of  the  President 
of  Cuba,  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  the 
Mayor  of  Havana,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Economic  Society  of  Friends  of  the  Country, 
and  four  ro.ero.bers  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
m.erce  in  Havana. 


CUBAN  FRUITS 


The  Cuban  Department  of  Agriculture  has 
issued  an  order  forbidding  the  im.portation  to 
Cuba  of  a  number  of  fruits  and  plants,  for  the 
purpose  of  avoiding  the  possibility  of  import- 
ing diseases  now  imknown  here. 

Among  the  fruits  Ijari-ed  are  the  Mexican 
and  the  Central  American  alligator  pear  and 
seeds,  and  pineapples  and  slips  from  Jam.aica, 
banana  plants  from  Japan,  the  Philippines, 
East  Indies  and  the  adjacent  country. 

Cotton  plants  from  Mexico,  or  unm.anufac- 
tured  cotton  from  Mexico  or  Central  America 
is  forbidden  on  account  of  the  boll  weevil. 


AMERICANS  IN  CUBA 

The  Cuban  Government  has  put  its  ;irmy 
rifle  ranges  at  the  disposal  of  Americans 
anxious  to  prepare  for  service.  Col.  Witter- 
meyer,  military  attache  of  the  Am.erican  Lega- 
tion, announced  a  plan  whereby  all  Americans 
in  Havana  between  21  and  30  years  of  age 
should  confer  with  him  and  undertake  the 
arms  practice  under  American  army  rules. 


CUBAN  LOAN 


By  Presidential  decree  issued  May  26th, 
it  was  determined  to  issue  bonds  for  $30,000,- 
000,  under  the  authority  granted  by  the 
Cuban  Congress  in  the  resolution  of  April 
5th.  The  bonds  issued  will  be  nine  year 
bearer  bonds  and  bear  a  maximum  interest 
of  6%.  The  bonds  are  to  date  from  January 
1st,  1918. 

It  is  proposed  to  have  a  stamp  tax  con- 
nected with  the  raising  of  the  money  for  this 
loan  and  the  tax  is  to  be  imposed  on: 

1.  All  stock  exchange  operations. 

2.  A  graduated  stamp  tax  for  all  private 
receipts  and  receipts  before  a  notary. 

3.  All  commercial  invoices,  excerpts. 

4.  All  contract  leases. 

5.  All  surety  bonds. 

6.  Various  documents  connected  with  the 
purchase  or  transfer  of  property. 

7.  A  stamp  on  each  page  of  the  credit 
books  of  merchants. 

8.  A  stamp  on  each  page  of  banJs  accounts. 

9.  Bonds  or  funds  deposited  with  guaran- 
tee for  electrical  service  companies. 

10.  Letters  of  exchange,  notes  and  various 
documents. 

11.  Documents  of  indebtedness  to  the 
Govermnent  shall  be  stamped  when  paid. 

12.  Birth,  marriage  and  death  certificates. 

13.  Certificates  of  mercantile  property 
and  naval  registers. 

14.  Family  counsel  books. 

15.  Hunting  licenses  or  permits  to  carry 
arms. 

16.  Automobile  licenses. 

17.  Permits  for  wagons  and  other  vehicles. 
New  stamps  have  been  ordered  for  use  in 

accordance  with  this  law,  and  the  law  is  to 
be  effective  July  1st. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN   GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


IMMIGRATION  IN  191G 

The  Do])artmeiit  of  Itiiinigratiou  has  issucxl 
an  interesting  l^ooklet  of  statistics  of  iinnuKra- 
tion  and  passenger  service  to  Cuba  during  the 
year  1916.  There  were  a  total  of  55,121  un- 
migrants  arriving  during  the  year,  as  com- 
pared to  ;32,795  in  the  previous  year  of  1915. 
During  the  year  also  111,582  passengers  came 
to  Cuba  tlu'ough  the  various  ports  of  the  island 
and  71,599  left  the  island,  as  compared  to 
79,233  arriving  in  1915,  and  65,433  leaving. 
The  following  table  shows  the  number  of 
immigrants  who  came  to  Cuba  from  the 
various  countrie;?: 

Country.  No.  of  Imnrijrants 

Spain 37,615 

Jamaica 7,133 

Haiti 4,992 

Porto  Rico 1,277 

United  States 1,209 

Germany 55 

South  America 336 

Lesser  Antilles  (not  listed)  27 

Arabia 20 

A  astro-Hungary 15 

Belgium 10 

Bulgaria 5 

Canada 19 

Centra    America 109 

Korea 7 

China 6 

Demnark 99 

Dominica 129 

Egypt 5 

Scotland 5 

Philippines 3 

Finland... 2 

France 169 

Greece 34 

Holland. 30 

East  Indies. 40 

England 326 

Italy 164 

Japan 262 

Mexico 662 

Norway 10 

Poland 1 

Portugal 27 

Roumania 1 

Russia 29 

Serbia 7 

Syria 59 

Sweden 9 


Switzerland 11 

Turkey 68 

(Listed  without  a  country)  2 

Of  the  entire  55,121  inimigrants  arriving, 
47,354  were  men  and  7,767  were  women,  and 
the  entire  nunil)er  of  immigrants  brought  to 
Cuba  $958,302.  The  list  of  occupations  of 
these  immigrants  is  also  interesting.  The 
largest  number  were  laborers,  totaling  40,769, 
and  the  next  largest  number  were  merchants, 
totaling,  2,472. 

In  distinction  to  the  immigrants  who 
came  to  work  and  remain,  for  a  tune  at  least, 
in  the  country,  there  were  some  32,000  more 
passengers  arriving  last  year  than  in  the  pre- 
ceding year.  Passengers  leaving  the  island 
during  the  year  numbered  71,599.  The  largest 
number  left  for  the  United  States,  42,278, 
showing  that  only  1,653  fewer  persons  left 
for  the  United  States  than  came  from  it,  and 
the  next  largest  number  left  for  Spain,  20,081, 
whereas  45,884  came  to  Cuba  from  Spain. 
Of  the  entire  111,582  passengers  coming  to 
Cuba,  90,127  came  through  the  port  of 
Havana . 


MODIFICATION  OF  PROCEDURE  FOR  TRADE- 
MARK REGISTRATION. 

Two  decrees  of  February  14,  1917,  and 
February  28.  1917,  respectively,  make 
certain  changes  in  the  procedure  to  be  fol- 
lowed in  the  registration  of  trade -marks  in 
Cuba.  As  provided  by  these  decrees,  appli- 
cations for  the  registration  of  trade-marks 
must  first  be  published  in  the  Gaceta  Oficial 
for  three  daj  s  and  thereafter  a  more  complete 
description  must  be  published  in  the  monthly 
Boletin  Oficial  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, Commerce  and  Labor.  Opposition 
to  the  granting  of  registration  for  a  mark 
may  now  be  brought  within  60  days  after 
publication  in  the  Boletin  Oficial,  instead  of 
within  30  days,  as  was  previously  the  case. 


OIL  MACHINERY 

It  is  proposed  to  admit  all  machinery  con- 
nected with  the  oil  drilling  business  without 
duty,  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  the  dev^el- 
opment  of  the  Cuban  oil  industry,  and  it  is  ex- 
pected that  a  bill  will  shortly  be  introduced 
in  the  Cuban  Congress  putting  oil  machinery 
on  the  free  list. 


10 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


UNITED  STATES  AND  CUBA 

rnder  date  of  A^ay  16th,  the  United  States 
Government  issued  a  proclam.ation  to  the 
Cuban  people  in  wl)ich  it  was  stated  that  all 
disturbances  which  interfered  with  the  pro- 
duction of  sugar  in  Cuba  will  be  considered 
hostile  acts,  and  that  unless  all  those  under 
arms  against  the  Government  of  Cuba  return 
imm.ediately  to  their  allegiance,  it  may  be 
necessary  for  the  United  States  to  regard  them 
as  enemies  and  deal  Avith  them,  accordingly. 


LIBERTY  LOAN 


Banking  interests  in  Cuba  have  announced 
that  they  are  prepared  to  aid  the  United 
States  Govermnent  in  selling  United  States 
bonds.  The  Banco  Nacional  de  Cuba  is  pre- 
pared to  receive  subscriptions  and  forward 
them,  to  the  United  States  Treasury  without 
charge  to  the  subscribers.  It  is  thought  that 
Cuban  investors  will  purchase  m.any  of  these 
bonds. 


CUBAN  MILITIA 

The  last  of  May  President  Menocal  issued 
a  decreee  reducing  the  Cuban  militia  from 
25,000  to  12,000  men,  the  order  to  go  into 
effect  at  once. 


SPAIN  ACTS  FOR  CUBA 

The  Cuban  minister  in  Berlin  has  turned 
over  the  Cuban  legation's  affairs  there  to  the 
Spanish  minister,  who  will  act  for  Cuban  inter- 
ests in  Germany. 


NEW  WIRELESS  STATION  AT  HAVANA 

The  Cuban  Government  is  erecting  a  new 
wireless  station  at  Casa  Elanca,  near  the  Tris- 
cornia  quarantine  camp,  which  will  be  tho- 
roughly up  to  date  and  considerably  more  pow- 
erful than  the  present  one  at  Morro  Castle, 
Havana. 

HAVANA 

The  contractor  for  the  Malecon  extension 
has  asked  the  Government  to  indemnify  hun 
to  the  extent  of  $10,000  for  damages  resulting 
for  the  stopping  of  the  work  along  that 
thoroughfare. 


POSTAL  SERVICE 

The  law  passed  some  time  ago  increasing 
the  salaries  of  the  post  office  employes  has, 
after  soro.e  delay,  become  effective,  and  the 
postal  employes  are  now  enjoying  increased 
compensation. 


RAILWAY  SERVICE 

The  Railway  Commission  has  recom.mended 
that  a  50%  reduction  in  freight  rates  be  ni.ade 
for  fruits  and  vegetables,  which  is  hoped  will 
result  in  lower  prices  for  the  consum.ers  of 
these  comm.odities. 


CUBAN  GUNBOATS 

The  Cuban  gunboats  Patria  and  Baire  are 
expected  to  be  ordered  to  the  United  States 
for  needed  repairs  and  to  undergo  certain 
changes  which  will  enable  them  to  carry 
heavier  guns. 


CUBAN  ARTILLERY 

It  is  proposed  to  send  Cuban  artillery  sol- 
diers to  Key  West,  Fla.,  Avhere  they  will  re- 
ceive instruction  in  gunnery  from.  United 
States  officers. 


NAVAL  SCHOOL 

It  is  reported  that  the  government  has  de- 
cided to  close  the  naval  school  at  IMariel  for 
the  time  being  in  order  to  use  all  of  the  officers 
and  cadets  there  in  active  service  of  the 
Cuban  navy. 


CUBA'S  HISTORIAN  REMOVED 

Dr.  Alfredo  Zayas,  former  vice-president 
and  recently  candidate  for  the  presidency  on 
the  Liberal  ticket,  has  been  removed  as  his- 
torian of  Cuba  by  President  Menocal. 


HAVANA  CUSTOM  HOUSE  RECEIPTS 

Havana  papers  report  sam.e  as  being  $2,- 
139,839.65,  being  the  largest  April  receipts  on 
record. 


SAN  LAZARO  HOSPITAL 

The  work  of  removing  this  old  building  has 
been  completed,  but  as  yet  the  erection  of  the 
new  hotel  which  was  to  be  built  on  this  site 
has  not  been  commenced. 


THE     CUBA     R  E  V  I  L  W 


11 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


HAVANA  CORRESPONDENCE 

Ilavuna,  June  llth,  1917. 

The  Cuban  Government,  some  time  Hince, 
officially  announced  that  the  Revolution  which 
broke  out  last  February  was  ended,  altliouKh 
there  are  still  a  few  small  bands  operating  in 
the  eastern  provinces.  The  latest  devt'lop- 
ment  in  this  coimection  is  the  annouiic<'nient 
that  the  militia  will  be  mustered  out  on  .June 
15th,  as  their  services  are  now  no  loiij^cr  re- 
quired. 

It  is  announced  that  the  trial  by  military 
court  martial  of  the  Cuban  army  offic(>rs  who 
participated  in  the  recent  revolution  will  be- 
gin .June  loth,  and  there  are  over  thirty  ( 'uban 
officers  to  be  tried. 

On  account  of  the  revolutionists  burning 
so  many  railroad  bridges  and  destroying  rail- 
road tracks,  communication  between  Havana 
and  Santiago  has  been  either  by  direct  steamer 
or  by  rail  to  Cienfuegos,  thence  by  steamer. 
The  railroad  companies  have  worked  as  ra[)id- 
ly  as  po.ssible  repairing  damages  and  com- 
munication between  Havana,  and  Santiago  is 
again  open  by  making  two  short  transfc^rs. 

President  Menocal  has  sent  a  letter  to  (.'on- 
gress  asking  to  be  authorized  to  establish  a 
sslective  draft  system  in  Cuba  similar  to  that 
efTective  in  the  United  States,  the  ages  to  be 
within  21  and  30.  He  calls  attention  to  the 
fact  that  voluntary  enlistment  is  very  de- 
ficient, and  in  view  of  Cuba  having  entf^red 
the  great  war,  it  becomes  necessary  that  she 
prepare  herself  to  this  end. 

The  high  cost  of  living  continues  to  receive 
the  attention  of  the  Government  in  an  en- 
deavor to  reduce  same.  The  bakers  insisted 
that  they  could  not  bake  bread  and  sell  it  at 
the  rate  of  r2c.  per  lb.,  as  decreed  by  the 
Government,  then!ff)r(;  with  an  idea  to  h(!lp- 
ing  them  out  the  f  Jovernmrmt  has  purchased 
a  large  quantity  of  flour  in  the  L'nited  States, 
some  of  which  has  already  arrived  and,  it  is 
stated,  will  be  sold  to  the  bakers  at  cost. 

The  suburban  development  of  Havana  con- 
tinues without  any  apparent  let-up,  notwith- 
standing the  greatly  increased  cost  of  buiirling, 
due  not  only  to  the  high  cost  of  material,  both 
local  and  imported,  but  al.so  in  view  of  the 
eight-hfjur  law  and  larger  wages  which  have  to 
be  paid  the  workmen. 

With  a  view  to  developiri'.^  l,iiitj  lying  bi-- 
tween  the  .\lrn-;ndares  River  ami  the  bathing 


beach  at  Marianao,  a  company  has  been 
formed  of  which  the  Havana  millionaire  mer- 
chant, Jose  Lopez  Rodriguez,  is  the  principal 
factor,  which  has  secured  a  concession  from 
the  (Jovertunent  to  build  a  dravsbridgc  across 
the  vlmendares  River,  thus  continuing  to 
flic  bathing  beach  the  sea  drive  which,  leading 
out  of  Havana,  now  ends  at  the  liiver. 

Some  time  ago  a  concession  was  granted  by 
the  ('uban  CJovernment  to  lay  a  telephone 
cable  between  Havana  and  Key  ^\'est,  the  idea 
of  the  promoters  being  that  by  iiu-ans  of  same 
the  Cuban  Telephone  Co.,  which  is  the  only 
telephone  company  operating  in  Cuba,  would 
be  connected  with  the  liell  Telephont!  Co.  and 
thereby  make  it  possible  to  commtmicate  di- 
rectly between  the  principal  cities  of  Cuba  and 
the   United  States. 

Nothing  definit(!  has  yet  becsn  done  in  this 
direction,  but  t\w  (!uban  Telephone  Co.,  in 
their  annual  rejxjrt  recently  published,  state 
it  is  their  intention  to  arrange  for  this  conncic- 
tion,  and  they  also  expect  to  make  arrange- 
ments so  that  similar  cables  will  be  laid  be- 
tween the  eastern  end  of  Cuba  and  Haiti,  and 
al.so  from  Santo  Domingo  to  Puerto  Rico,  thus 
enabling  t(;lephoiic  conununication  to  be  had 
with  these;  two  islands. 


CIENFUEGOS 


The  U.  S.  State  ])ey)artm(!nt  announces  th*; 
appointiuent  of  (Charles  S.  Wiujins,  formerly 
consul  at  Nunimberg,  to  be  consul  at  Cien- 
fiiegos,    ('uba. 


SAN  n AGO  AND  HAVANA 

Under  date  of  ,]mw  2nd,  it  i.s  anTiouncc<l 
that  rail  comvnuni(!ation  lias  been  ag;iin 
establi-shed  between  Havana  and  Santiago 
for  passenger  service  only.  This  nccessitateH 
the  passengers  making  two  transfers  and  it 
is  not  jet  possible  to  handle  freiglit.  Th(! 
work  of  re{)airirig  tlu;  bridges  is  being  rajjidly 
done,  and  it  is  hopr-d  that  the  line  will  .soon 
be  in  a  position  to  luuidle  fr.-ight. 


FOURTH  OF  JULY 

The  .Americ.m  residents  in  Havana  have 
j)l,inried  to  have  a  patriotic  celebration  on  tlu; 
1th  of  July,  to  b(!  held  at  the  National 
TlK^atcr.  An  elaborat(!  program  has  been 
pi mn'd  and  t!ie  entire  jiroccM^fls  of  tlu;  enter- 
tiimiiciit,  arc  to  be  devoted  to  I  Ik;  Red  ('ross. 


l:"! 


T  H  E-yiC  UBA    REVIEW 


Views  of  the  Sugar  Warehouse  at   K  uevitas,   Destroyed   by  the   Insurgents 
During  the   Recent   Occupation 


THE    CUBA     I{  F-:  V  I  i:  \v 


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American    Colonists'    Home. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO  THE  HOMESEEKER 


(D^paiimeut  of  Agricu'iun,  Commerce  and  labor,  Havcnta.) 

Mistakes  in  the  selection  of  the  locaUty,  chosen  as  the  place  in  which  to  make  ones  home 
in  a  foreign  country  may  easily  render  years  of  labor  fruitless  even  if  they  do  not  end  in  absolute 
disaster.    It  is  to  avoid  these  errors  as  far  as  possible  that  the  following  suggestions  are  tendered : 

Healthfulness  of  the  locaUty,  of  course,  is  paramount  to  everything  else,  especiaUj-  where 
a  man  has  assumed  the  responsibility  of  tt:king  liis  family  with  hum.  Proximity  to  some  local 
market  and  facHities  for  transportation  of  products  to  m.ark.ets  outside  of  the  country  must  also 
be  seriously  considered.  Next  in  importance  probably  com.es  the  natural  fertility  and  physical 
condition  of  the  soil  which  it  is  proposed  to  cultivate. 

^^'here  possible  it  is  decidedly  advisable  to  visit  the  coiuitry  first  with  sufficient  time  and 
means  to  go  carefully  over  the  ground  and  not  make  a  choice  of  location  too  hurriedly.  As- 
certain the  line  of  industry  to  which  you  are  best  adapted,  or  which  gives  the  greatest  promise 
of  success  and  select  land  with  reference  to  your  requirements. 

Do  not  attempt  to  enter  any  field  unless  reasonably  sure  of  having  a  sufficient  amount  of 
funds  to  see  you  through  the  first  two  years  without  counting  upon  returns  that  may  ulti- 
mately com.e  from,  your  investment.  No  m.atter  what  is  selected  as  the  chief  course  of  revenue 
it  is  well  to  have  in  addition  a  few  side  lines  that  may  give  quick  returns  on  the  capital  invested 
and  thus  keep  ''the  pot  boiling"  untU  the  enterprise  is  fairly  underway. 

In  purchasing  land  do  not  depend  entirely  on  your  own  judgm.ent,or  the  appearance  of  the 
soil,  but  consult,  if  possible,  some  native  in  whose  judgment  and  intelligence  you  have  absolute 
confidence.  Pay  out  no  m.oney  under  any  cii'cumstances  for  the  purchase  of  land  until  con- 
vinced that  you  have  found  what  you  want  and  that  the  titles  to  the  property  are  good. 

Unless  you  are  investing  your  money  in  some  of  the  larger  industries  such  as  sugar,  hene- 
quen, cattle  raising  or  tobacco, it  is  well  to  secure  a  location  convenient  to  some  large  city  where 
you  can  depend  on  a  local  m.arket  for  your  products  throughout  the  j-ear.  If  desirable  colonies 


14 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


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Castor   Beans 


THE     CUB  A     R  E  V  I  !•:  W 


15 


Planting   Orange   Trees. 


can  be  foiiiK]  in  which  to  locate,  there  are  frequently  advantages  from  association  with  neigh- 
bors who  speak  your  language  and  w^ho  have  interests  in  comm.on.  On  the  other  hand  be  ab- 
solutely sure  that  the  location  of  the  colony  does  not  bar  its  menp.bers  from  a  reasonable  chance 
of  success. 

Most  any  one  with  a  fair  knowledge  of  agriculture  and  willing  to  work  can  make  a  living 
in  Cuba,  since  many  of  the  chief  elements  of  expenses  in  the  United  States  may  be  dispensed 
with  in  this  latitude.  First  of  all  the  fuel  bill  for  heating  purposes  during  winter  is  entirely 
eliminated,  since  even  in  the  coldest  days  the  rays  of  the  sun  will  render  one  comfortable  while 
at  rest,  and  very  little  exercise  will  keep  one  warm,  where  the  thermometer  seldom,  falls  below 
60  degrees.  Fuel  for  cooking  in  the  country,  as  a  rule,  may  be  found  in  the  nearby  forests  and 
charcoal  can  always  be  purchased  at  reasonable  prices.  The  heavy  warm,  clothing  necessary  to 
protect  one  against  cold  in  the  north,  may  be  entirely  dispensed  with,  which  eliminates  another 
expense. 

Garden  vegetables  and  poultry  will  not  only  go  far  towards  furnishing  food  for  the  family, 
but  may  always  be  exchanged  in  the  nearby  towns  for  those  articles  that  cannot  be  readily 
l)roduced,  on  the  farm. 

Lands  sold  through  colonization  companies  are  frequently  held  at  a  much  higher  value 
than  the  same  lands  could  be  bought  outside  of  the  company;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
co-operation  of  neighbors  engaged  in  the  same  or  similar  industry  is  often  very  helpful  and 
m.ore  than  compensates  for  the  difference  in  the  price  of  the  land. 

Unfortunately,  the  selection  of  the  lands  occupied  by  many  of  our  American  and  Canadian 
colonies  in  this  Republic,  was  made  by  individuals  who  ferm.it  ted  the  low  prices  asked  to  ob- 
scure that  fatal  defect  of  unwise  location,  thus  placing  the  colony  from  the  first,  at  a  great  dis- 
advantage in  its  struggle  for  success. 

In  spite  of  those  disadvantages  which  result  from  an  unfortunate  location,  \\ here  colonists 
are  cut  off  from  decent  transportation  facilities,  one  of  these  colonies  at  least  has  managed  to 
exist,  and  in  a  way  prosper,  although  everything  but  climate  and.  soil  was  against  it  from  the 
first.    Other  colonies  have  been  located,  by  reckless  speculators,  on  the  poorest  kind  of  soil, 


16 


T HECUBA     REVIEW 


Cultivating  an   Orange   Grove. 


on  which  nothhig  can  be  grown  without  the  use  of  an  excessive  amount  of  fertihzer,  unless 
it  be  Burbank's  spineless  cactus. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  first  Intervention,  real  estate  dealers  succeeded  in  buying  lands  in 
large  tracts  at  prices  varying  from  90c.  to  S1.25  per  acre  that  the  natives  would  not  consider 
for  agricultural  purposes  at  any  price— lands  not  only  lacking  in  fertility,  but  without  any 
reference  whatever  to  transportation  either  for  the  present  or  the  future.  These  large  tracts 
of  almost  worthless  sand  were  divided  up  into  sm,all  farms  of  from  five  to  fifty  acres  each  and 
sold  at  prices  ranging  all  the  way  from  $25  to  $75  per  acre  and  are  held  at  those  prices  to-day. 

Through  the  reckless  use  of  fertilizer,  and  the  expenditure  of  considerable  amounts  in  care 
and  cultivation,  attractive  citrus  fruit  groves  have  been  brought  to  maturity  in  some  of  the 
colonies.  Photographs  of  these  served  for  advertising  purposes,  and  through  the  mediimi  of 
tons  of  beautifully  illustrated  literature,  spread  broadcast  in  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
many  settlers  were  induced  to  come  to  Cuba  in  the  early  days  of  the  Eepublic,  who  were  sorely 
disappointed,  since  they  found  no  way  in  which  these  farm.s  could  be  m.ade  to  support  a  fam.ily 
dependent  on  them  for  a  decent  living. 

To  those  of  the  poor  sandy  lands  of  the  extreme  west  of  "Vuelta  Abajo"  and  in  the  Isle  of 
Pines,  a  saviour  seems  to  have  been  found  in  the  Burbank  spineless  cactus.  This  marvelously 
prolific  and  persistent  plant  of  the  desert,  not  only  thrives  where  other  forage  refuses  to  gjow, 
but  it  will  yield  from,  twenty-five  to  fifty  tons  of  fresh  succulent  food  for  cattle,  horses,  hogs, 
sheep,  goats  and  chickens  throughout  the  entire  year.  It  defies  drouth  and  needs  no  fertilizer. 
No  land,  if  well  drained,  is  too  poor  for  spineless  cactus.  Thus  it  seems  that  the  comparatively 
steril  soils  on  which  othei-  useful  plants  refuse  to  grow  without  the  use  of  quantities  of  exi^ensive 
fertilizer,  ro.ay  yet  be  made  to  produce  a  crop  almost  priceless  to  the  stockman,  the  poultry 
raiser  and  the  small  farmer.  With  spineless  cactus  planted  in  these  soils,  lands  otherwise 
agriculturally  worthless,  m.ay  be  made  to  yield  a  profit  of  from  $100  to  $200  per  acre. 

There  are  still,  however,  thousands  of  acres  of  land  in  Cuba  that  can  be  purchased,  divided 
up  into  small  farms  and  sold  at  reasonable  prices,  and  under  fairly  intelligent  m,anagement 
success  on  these  farms  can  be  almost  assured. 

Small  stock  raising— hogs,  sheep,  goats,  poultry— and  vegetable  growing  where  irrigation 


T  H  E     C  [■  n  A     li  K  V  1  L  \V 


Orange   Groves, 


18 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Pineapples. 


is  possible,  give  the  greatest  promise  of  quick  returns  and  continued  profits  to  the  honi.e-seeker 
of  any  industry  that  can  be  found  in  Cuba  today. 

In  the  mountainous  districts  the  cultivation  of  coffee  and  citrus  fruit  can  be  carried  on 
jointly.  These  form  not  ohly  an  agreeable  occupation,  but  a  very  sure  source  of  income,  after 
the  first  four  years  required  to  bring  these  plants  into  bearing.  An  apiary  too,  for  those  who 
like  the  care  of  bees,  is  a  very  desirable  adjunct,  since  these  little  insects  work  the  entire  year 
round,  and  both  honey  and  wax  are  important  articles  of  export. 

In  the  country  a  pahn  thatched  bungalow,  with  the  assistance  of  the  natives,  can  be  quickly 
constructed  at  a  very  sro.all  cost.  Such  a  house,  with  the  exercise  of  a  little  taste  on  the  part 
of  the  owner,  will  make  a  very  comfortable  residence  in  Cuba,  and  if  carefully  built,  will  endure 
eight  or  ten  years.  Wherever  loose  stone  and  sand  are  conveniently  at  hand,  with  the  use  of 
a  little  cem.ent,  a  far  more  substantial  structure,  and  often  a  very  artistic  one,  can  be  erected  at 
a  small  expense. 

Families  of  m,oderate  means  to  whom  agricultiu-al  enterprises,  or  living  in  the  country  may 
not  appeal,  may  find  opportunities  in  Havana  through  which  a  few  thousand  dollars,  invested 
in  reliable  agricultural  industries,  controlled  and  operated  on  a  large  scale  by  reliable  parties, 
may  give  returns  quite  as  satisfactory  as  those  derived  from  actual  labor  in  the  fields. 

Such  interests  as  sugar,  spineless  cactus,  stock  raising,  henequen  growing,  etc.,  are  some- 
times carried  on  through  cooperation,  and  if  intelligently  managed,  will  pay  larger  dividends 
to  the  stockholders  with  less  risk  of  failure,  than  can  be  secured  where  the  individual  with 
small  capital,  attempts  to  establish  and  carry  on  the  business  himself.  Before  investing,  how- 
ever, in  any  enterprise  of  this  nature,  the  greatest  care  should  be  taken  to  ascertain  the  standing 
and  responsibility  of  the  company  that  may  invite  investment. 

The  Government  of  Cuba  has  no  lands  for  either  sale,  preemption  or  gift.  The  few  tracts 
of  governro.ent  land  which  remained  during  the  first  days  of  the  Repuljlic  were  awarded 
soldiers  of  the  War  of  Independence. 

Many  excellent  ro.ountain  lands  are  held  in  large  tracts  of  from  10,000  to  50,000  acres  by 
non-resident  owners  who,  paying  little  or  no  taxes  whatever,  have  held  on  to  them.,  refusing  to 
sell  in  small  lots  and  thus  greatly  hindering  the  development  of  the  country.  Som.e  of  these,  to- 
day, can  be  purchased  at  prices  varying  from  $5  to  $10  per  acre,  and  if  located  within  a  reason- 
able distance  of  the  sea  coast,  or  good  harbors,  are  really  worth  m.any  times  that  am.ount. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


19 


>'::£^-:,^ 


(irapefruit    Clruvc 


These  lands,  although  located  in  the  mountains,  are  usually  well  watered,  and  covered 
with  soil  that  is  adapted  to  the  growing  of  coffee,  cacao,  citrus  fruits,  mangoes,  grapes,  and  in 
fact,  any  fruit  known  to  the  tropical  world.  They  will  also  support  most  of  our  forage  crops 
and  hence  can  be  used  advantageously  as  small  stock  farms  and  goat  ranches. 

Conclusiot^. 

Cuba  is  more  than  anxious  to  have  people  of  the  better  class  visit  her  shores  in  search  of 
permanent  homes,  and  will  do  all  that  is  possible  to  facilitate  homeseekers  in  selecting  locations 
that  may  give  the  best  promise  of  success.  Custom  duties  are  not  collected  on  household 
effects  that  have  seen  use  in  other  countries,  ttnd  most  of  ovir  railroad  companies  offer  tran.«por- 
tation  free  to  families  who  will  establish  permanent  homes  along  their  lines. 

Unless  poor  health  necessitates  a  change  in  climate  do  not  think  of  coming  to  Cuba  with 
the  idea  of  securing  a  clerical  position  since  these  and  the  trades  command  only  about  one 
half  the  salary  paid  in  the  United  States,  and  remember  that  a  knowledge  of  the  Spanish  lan- 
guage i   essential  in  securing  any  position  salaried  in  this  country. 

Remember  also  that  this  Bureau  is  ready  at  all  times  to  assist  and  advise  homeseekers 
in  every  way  possible  and  without  expense  of  any  kind. 


20  THECUBAREVIEW 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

The  report  of  the  Cuba  Raih'oad  Company  for  the  month  of  March  and  for  nine  months  ended  March  31, 1917, 
compares  as  follows: 

1917  1916  1915           1914           1913           1912           1911 

March  gross                            ...     $230,107  $799,779  $588,628     $585,739     $460,740     $404,344     $.334,366 

Expenses 252,2.55  342,975  242,183      256,063       226,979       186,098       169,112 

March  net Def.  22,148  456,804  346,440      319,675      233,761       218,245       165,253 

Other  income 836  11     

Net  income D.-f.  21,311  456,815     

Charges 94,758  87,554  72,308        71,.575        66,791        65,125         59  675 

March  surplus       Def.imfilO  369  261  274,132      2i8,100       166,939       1.53,120       105,578 

Nine  months' gross             '4,562,033  4,752,921  3,662,564    3,72.5,614    3,335,162    2,722,856    2,228,006 

Net  profits                        1,202,297  2,390,661  1,818,613    1,788,060    1,538,436    1,278,281       983,622 

Other  income 9,.365  6,108        

Fixed  charges 823,502  715,665  6.36,9-30      605,908       600,847       556,125       398,925 

Nine  months'  surplus 388,160  1,681,105  1,181.683    1,182.1.52       937,589       722,156       584,697 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF   HAVANA 

Weeklij  receipts:                                 1917           1916           1915           1914           1913           1912  1911 

Week  endin-^  April  28th £67,622      £55,387      £56,388      £42,614      £48,055      £42,849  £25,743 

Week  ending  May  5th 67,987        54,156        55,837        40,006        45,993        39,662  22,237 

Week  ending  May  12th..             .         64,624        51,362        53,689        34,605        41,623        36,875  19,535 

Week  endincr  Mav  19t.h 57,651        43,237        45,.353        27,367        34,480        30,821  18,468 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAYS 

WeeEy  receipts:  1917           1916          1915  1914  1913 

Week  ending  Arril  28th                     £29,045      £23,633      £23,817  £17,368  £19,075 

Week  ending  May   5th 33,438        25,694       ,22,221  15,959  19,071 

Week  ending  Mav  12th 30,740        21,612        22,.381  1-3,822  18,499 

Week  ending  May  19th 28,149        17,475        19,289  10,815  15,393 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

WeMu  receivts:                                                                   1917           1916  1915           1914  1913 

Week  ending  (pril  28th £9,0.50       £7,419  £7,012        £6,333  £6,830 

Week  ending  May    5th 11,039          8,544  7,512          6,203  6,930 

Week  ending  May  12th 11,319          7,272  7,515          6,456  7,521 

Week  ending  May  19th 9,789          7,133  7,173          5,743  7,551 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  cf  April:  1917           1916           1915 

Gross  earnincrs                                                                    $.534,613     $466,554     $434,159 

Operating  expenses.:.:: 230,195       187,623       188,160 

Net  earnings $304,418     $278,931     $245,999 

Miscellaneous  income 11,875        13,178         11,304 

Total  net  income $316,293     $292,109     $257,303 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 179,970       161,644       149,247 

Four  mcnihs  to  April  30. 

Gross  earnings                                                                 $2,131,823  $1,918,787  $1,824,473 

Operating  expense's. .: ■ . .  ■ 908,398      748,380       749,459 

Net  earnings $1,223,425  $1,170,407  $1,075,014 

Misceliareous  inccme 47,626        46,675        34,673 

Total  net  income $1,271,051  $1,217,082  $1,109,687 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 731,919      721,640      675,848 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


21 


CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


THE  PREVAILING    PRICES    FOR   CUBAN   SECURITIES 


As  t,uoti<l  III/  Liiirtiici  &  Turn  lire  d 


Yo 


Bid.  Askcf. 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 90H  Q.i}/^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 9Si  :s  99  j 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 9232  94    i 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  4}/^%  Bonds  of  1949 85  86    j 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  C%  Bonds 102  105 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101  104 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 80  85 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 89  91 

Cuba  Co.  6%  Debenture  Bonds 91  95 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 90  96 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 92  943^. 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Preferred  Stock 102  105 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co.  Common  Stock 98  100 

Matanzas  Market  Place  S%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100  none- 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 103  105 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 192  197 

Cuban-.Ajnerican  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 100  100^; 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 59  62. 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  Mtge.  6'  ^  Bonds 92  95 

All  ]>ric?s  of  bonds  quoted  on  an  and  interest  basis. 


SANTA  CECILIA  SUGAR  COMPANY 

In  regard  to  the  readjustment  plan  which 
this  company  has  undertaken,  the  time  to 
deposit  these  securities  has  been  extended  to 
June  8,  1917.  The  plan,  as  originally  under- 
taken, will  not  become  operative  unless  suf- 
ficient securities  are  deposited  before  June  8. 


THE  CUBAN-AMERICAN  SUGAR  CO. 

A  quarterh'  dividend  of  two  and  one  half 
per  cent  {2}^%)  was  declared  on  the  outstand- 
ing common  capital  stock. 

A  quarterly  dividend  of  one  and  three- 
quarters  per  cent  {!%%)  was  declared  on  the 
outstanding  preferred  capital  stock,  payable 
July  2,  1917,  to  stockholders  of  record,  June 
15,  1917. 


CUBA  CANE  SUGAR  CORPORATION 

A  quarterly  dividend  of  $1.75  per  share 
has  been  declared  upon  the  preferred 
stock  of  this  corporation  for  the  quarter 
endmg  June  30,  1917,  payable  July  2,  1917, 
to  stockholders  of  record  at  the  close  of 
business  June  15,  1917. 


INDEMNITY. 

The  Camaguey  Sugar  Company  has  present- 
ed to  the  special  judge  of  Camaguey  Pro\'ince 
claims  for  indemnities  totaling  $382,000  as 
the  sum  of  the  damage  done  to  their  proper- 
ties by  the  rebel  bands  of  IManuel  Fern^dez, 
Anastasio  Abreu,  J.  "SI.  Esquivel,  F.  Bermudez 
and   Porfirio  Amador. 

Cane  fields  were  burned  to  the  value  of 
$379,604.76,  and  the  remainder  is  for  the 
value  of  the  horses  and  materials  of  the  com- 
pany which  the  rebels  made  away  with. 


GUANTANAMO 


The  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  has  awarded  the  general  contract 
for  the  construction  of  the  Fuel  Oil  Storage 
Plant  at  the  Xaval  Station,  Guantanamo, 
Cuba,  at  a  contract  price  of  $320,000,  to  the 
Stewart  Engineering  Corporation. 


PORVENIR  SUGAR  CO. 

The  Porvenir  Sugar  Company  Cuba,  has 
ordered  one  Mogul  type  locomotive  from  the 
Baldwm  Locomotive  Works. 


22  THECUBAREVIEW 


REPORT  (ABRIDGED)  OF  CUBAN  TELEPHONE  CO. 

The  last  annual  reijort  dated  April  12  1916,  covered  in  part  the  operations  of  the  com- 
pany up  to  March  31,  1916,  with  statements  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  revenue  account  to 
December  31,  1915.  The  present  report  covers,  as  to  figures,  exclusively  the  operations  of 
the  company  for  the  year  enciing  December  31,  1916,  and  statements  of  assets  and  liabilities, 
revenue  account  and  statistical  information  are  submitted  accordingly. 

The  net  income  for  1916  was  $438,305.15  as  against  .$349,454.92  for  1915,  a  gain  of 
$88,850.23. 

During  the  year  the  sum  of  $392,236.94  was  applied  out  of  revenue  to  current  niaintenance 
and  depreciation,  showing  an  increase  of  $89,45/. 60  over  1915. 

The  amount  set  aside  for  depreciation  alone,  during  the  year,  was  $234,262.00 ,  or  $57,- 
443.64  more  than  in  1915.  This  incease  is  principally  due  to  a  charge  of  $46,516.86  to  prop- 
erly adjust  the  value  of  material,  equipment,  tools,  etc.,  which  were  carefully  inventoried  in 
December  last. 

All  accumulated  dividends  on  the  preferred  shares  were  paid  on  September  15,  1916,  and 
regular  quarterly  dividends  of  1K%  on  these  shares  have  been  declared  and  paid  on  the  15th 
day  of  October,  1916,  and  January  15,  1917.  The  board  has  also  declared  and  paid  on  October 
15,  1916,  and  January  15, 1917,  dividends  of  1 1^2%  on  the  common  shares 

The  net  earnings  for  1917  should  show  a  material  increase  over  1916  as  the  gross  income  is 
increasing  from  month  to  month  and  rigid  economy  in  operation,  consistent  with  good  service, 
is  being  practiced.  Without  deducting  the  special  depreciation  on  material,  equipment,  etc., 
the  earnings,  after  deducting  the  6%  dividend  for  the  preferred  shares,  were  equivalent  to  a 
little  over  6  6/10%  on  the  common  stock,  on  which  3%  was  paid  from  the  earnings  of  1916. 
Subject  to  the  continuance  of  satisfactory  business  conditions,  there  is  every  reason  to  expect 
in  1917  net  earnings,  after  preferred  dividend,  equal  to  8%  on  the  common  stock. 

Plans  are  being  prepared  for  three  standard  types  of  buildings  which  it  is  proposed  to 
build  in  the  various  towns  where  there  are  local  plants  and  the  company  is  now  occupying 
leased  buildings.  About  twenty  of  these  buildings,  which  will  cost  from  three  to  five  thousand 
dollars,  could  be  advantageously  built  within  the  next  two  to  three  years. 

The  sale  and  delivery  of  $2,500,000  Collateral  Trust  Convertible  5%  bonds  was  com- 
pleted and  from  the  proceeds  of  this  issue  all  outstanding  obligations  of  the  company  have  been 
paid,  notably  the  loan  of  $1,000,000  from  Messrs.  Drexel  and  Company,  of  Philadelphia. 

The  authorized  capital  stock  of  the  company,  was,  as  previously  approved,  increased  to 
$16,000,000,  to  wit,  $2,000,000  in  preferred  shares  and  $14,000,000  common  shares.  The  pres- 
ent outstanding  and  issued  shares  remain  the  same  as  at  Dec.  31,  1915,  to  wit:  $2,000,000 
preferred  shares  and  $5,000,000  common  shares. 

The  following  increases  in  plant  value  are  of  particular  interest:  Havana  local  plant,  $280,- 
197.68;  other  local  plants,  $121,523.93;  real  estate  and  buildings,  $12,867.38. 

The  number  of  exchanges  operated  by  the  company  on  December  31, 1916,  was  36,  of  which 
eight  were  automatic,  and  a  total  of  230  cities  and  towns  were  connected  to  the  system. 

On  December  31,  1916,  there  were  23,652  telephones  in  operation  throughout  ttie  com- 
pany's system  as  against  19,876  on  December  31,  1915,  an  increase  of  3,776  telephones  during 
1916.  Undoubtedly  an  equal  increase  could  be  secured  in  1917,  but  as  it  is  very  necessary  to 
rearrange  and  reconstruct  our  cable  and  wire  distribution  systems  in  Havana  and  some  of  the 
other  cities,  which  are  now  up  to  capacity,  it  is  quite  possible  that  we  will  have  a  smaller  in- 
crease in  1917  and  a  large  increase  in  1918. 

Since  the  last  report  the  following  Sugar  Centrals  have  been  connected  with  our  system, 
viz.,  Socorro,  Algodones,  Occidente,  Triunvirato  and  Lhnones,  making  a  total  of  65  mills  thus 
far  connected. 

An  active  campaign  has  been  started  to  add  as  many  more  of  the  sugar  mills  as  are  within 
reasonable  distance  of  our  lines  and  stations.  Due,  however,  to  the  present  high  cost  of  all 
material,  the  construction  of  several  lines  has  been  deferred,  but  it  is  expected  that  a  number 
of  new  mills  will  be  connected  during  this  year. 

The  board  has  been  actively  co-operating  with  other  interests  towards  the  placing  of  a 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW  23 

submarine  tolophonp  (•al)lo  from  lfav:uia  to  Key  Wost,  and,  later  on,  from  tlio  oastcrn  end  of 
Cti])a  to  Haiti,  wliich  will  in  turn  connoct  with  land  lines  across  Haiti  and  Santo  Domingo,  and 
again  with  a  submarine  telephone  ral)le  from  Santo  Domingo  to  Porto  Rieo,  to  be  ronneoted 
with  the  telephone  system  of  Porto  Kico. 

The  Havana-Key  West  cable  is  naturally  of  prime  importance  and  of  particular  interest 
to  the  i)eople  of  Cuba  and  the  United  States,  as  it  is  expected  to  be  able  to  connect  practically 
any  point  in  Cuba  with  any  place  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Tliis  service  will  be  in- 
vahiable  to  business  activities  l)etween  the  United  States  and  Cul)a,  and  tbc  early  cf)mi)]ciioii 
of  this  project  will  be  hastened  in  every  possible  way. 

The  connection  l)y  telephone  ])etween  Cuba,  Haiti,  Santo  Domingo  and  Porto  Rico  is  not 
so  urgently  needed  as  with  the  United  States,  l)Ut  such  connection  will  be  quite  profitable  to 
this  company,  as  all  calls  from  Porto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo  and  Haiti  will  be  made  over  some 
500  miles  of  long  distance  lines  of  the  Cuban  Telephone  Company,  wliich  will  collect  a  reason- 
able and  fair  toJl  for  this  service.  Furthermore,  we  can  justly  expect  that,  by  reason  of  such  tele- 
phone connection  with  the  adjoining  islands,  the  present  relatively  unimportant  business  re- 
lations })etween  Cul)a,  Santo  Domingo  and  Porto  Ri(;o,  will  receive  a  decided  impetus 

CUBAN  TELEPHONE  COMPANY. 
Coii'lenietl  General  Baltnce  Sheet,  December  31,   1916. 
ASSETS. 

Plants,  Properties  and  Conces.sion $13, 03.'>,  199.49 

Investments  in  vSecurities  of  Havana  Subway  Company 7.57,016.87 

Advances  to  Havana  Subway  Company 316,794.4.'5 

Advances  on  account  Merchandise  Purchases 23, .522. 19 

Current  Assets: 

Cash  on  hand  and  in  banks $913,49,5.51 

Accounts  Receivable 68,082.01  981,.577..52 

SuDplies,  Office  Furniture,  etc 308,139.58 

Deferred  Debit  Items: 

Discount  on  Bonds  Sold 1,215,408.84 

Insurance  Prepaid 2,648.64 

Total  Assets $16,640,307.58 

LIABILITIES. 

Common  Stock $5,000,000.00 

Preferred  Stock 2,000,000.00 

First  Mortgage  5%  Convertible  Bonds,  Issued $7,665,000.00 

Less:   Bonds  deposited  as  collateral  for  Collateral  Trust  Bonds  in  Treasury ....        2,652,430.66 

Outstanding $5,012,569.34  5,012,.569.34 

Convertible  Collateral  Trust  5%  Bonds 2,-500,000.00 

Current  Liabilities: 

Accounts  Payable $16,412.79 

Coupons  Outstanding 178,728.50 

Dividends  Outstanding 108,164.50 

Taxes  Payable 58,043.57 

Subscribers'  Deposits 65,793.00 

427,142.36 

Reserves : 

Depreciation  on  Plant  and  Supplies 796,014.05 

Surplus,  December  31,  1916 904, .581. 83 

Total  Liabilities $16,640,307.58 

Condensed  Statement  of  Income  and  Profit  ani  Loss  for  the  Year  Endini  Deremher  'Mst,  1916. 

Gross  Operating  Revenue $1,492, .570. 77 

Less  Cancellations,  Reductions,  etc 43,110.25 

Net  Operating  Revenue $1,449,460  52 

Deduct: 

Operating  Expenses  and  Taxes $521,099.33 

Depreciation  on  Plant,  Equipment,  Supplies,  etc 234,262.00  755,361.33 

Net  Operating  Income $694,099.19 

Non-operating  Income: 

Intirest  on  Ssourities  Owned,  etc.,  and  Profit  on  Outside  Contracts 142,189.78 

Gross  Income $836,288.97 

Less: 

Intsrest  on  Bonds  Loans  and  .\ccounts 397.983.82 

Net  Income  for  Year $438,305.15 

Suolus   December  31st   1915 895,649.42 

Profit  and  Loss  Adjustments,  Prior  Periods 64,188.15 

Total $1,398,142.72 


2-t 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Deduct:  »o-  - 

Proportion  of  Defaried  Debits  chargeable  to  Year $35  <47.32 

ri-ofit  and  Loss  Adjustments.  PYior  Periods 7,813.57 

Pref  3rred  Di\-idends,  Prior  Periods 180,000.00 

Pr^farred  Dividends  Year  1916 120,000.00 

Common  Dividends  in  1916 150,000.00  493,560.89 

Sarpli:sD.-c?mb?r31,  191(5 S90  ,581.83 

Comparative  Statement  of  Income  and  Expensfs  for  Three  Years  from  1914  to  1916. 

Expenses: 

1914  1915  1916 

Gross  Income $1,203,022  $1,375,902  $1,634,760 

ExT)GIlS6S' 

Operation  539,682  599,103  669,898 

Depreciation 168,793  176,813  234,262 

Interest  on  Bonds 250,531  250,531  292.295 

Total  Expenses $959,006  $1,026,447  $1,196,455 

Per  cent,  of  Gross  Income 79.7%  74.6%  73.2% 

Net  Income $244,016  $349,455  $438,305 

Pe  •  cent,  of  Gross  Income 20.3%  25.47o  26.8% 

Subject  to  Intsrest  on  Bonds $663,340  $701,635  $849,147 

2  2/3  2  8/10  2  9   10 

times  times  times 

the  bond  the  bond  the  bond 

interest  interest  interest 

Number  of  telephones  at  end  of  year 17,819  19,876  23,652 

Average  number  of  telephones  for  year 16,808  18,847  21,764 

income  per  telephone  per  year $71.57  $73.00  $75.11 

Oaeration  per  telephone  per  year $32.11  $31.79  $30.78 

Dspreciation  per  telephone  per  year 10.04  9.38  10.76 

Bond  intjrest  per  telephone  per  year 1J.91  13.29  13.43 

Total  Expenses $57.06  $54.46  $54.97 

Net  Income  per  telephone  per  year $14.51  $18.54  $20.14 

Statistical  Information  to  December  31st,   1916. 

Central  Offices 36 

Subdivided  as  follows: 

Automatic  local S 

Manual  local , 22 

Manual  long  distance ' 6 

Total  telephones  connected  to  system 23,652 

Composed  of: 

Automatic 20,610 

Magneto - 3,042 

Gain  in  telephones  for  Calendar  Year,  1916 3,776 

Cities  and  towns  connected 230 

Minimum  specified  in  concession 95 

Meters  underground  cable  installed 120,314 

Meters  aerial  cable  installed 214,302 

Meters  of  circuits  contained  in  cables 86,274,269 

As  follows: 

Havana  District,  approximately 72,000,000 

Other  offices,  approximately 14,000,000 

Average  daily  local  connections. 257,000 

Kilometers  of  long  distance  pole  lines 2,589 

Minimum  specified  in  concession 1,860 

Kilometers  of  No.  8,  No.  10  and  No.  12  copper  circuits 17,517 

Kilometers  of  phantom  circuits  in  use 850 

Average  daily  long  distance  connections 2,000 

Grand  total  of  local  and  long  distance  calls  for  year 94,000,000 

Poles  used  in  system 95,14.5 

Sugar  mills  connected  to  system __65 

Total  number  of  emnloyees "■!'' 

Dist'ibuted  as  follows: 

Permanent 630 

Temporary 117 


AMERICAN  BEET  SUGAR  COMPANY 


ANNUAL  REPORT  1916-17 


The  folloAving  is  from  the  annual  report  of  the  company,  dated  April  28,  1917: 
Income  statement  shows  receipts  of  15,333,224.07;  expenses,  $9,208,547.20,  leaving  earn- 
ings of  $6,126,676.87.  Dividends  on  the  preferred  and  common  stock  are  deducted  to  the 
amount  of  $3,300,000,  showing  a  balance  of  $2,826,676.87,  out  of  wliich  amount  various  appro- 
priations for  additions  and  depreciation  of  factories  and  land,  amounting  to  $1,571,929.65  are 
taken,  leaving  surplus  of  $1,254,747.22  for  the  fiscal  year. 


THECUBAREVIEW  25 

The  following  comparative  percentages  of  factory  cost  i;er  100  pouncLs  of  sugar  for   fiscal 
years  ended  March  31,  1917,  and  March  31, 1916,  will  be  of  interest. 

. 1916-17 ' 1916-15 . 

Kerns.                                                     Cost.              Per  Cent  Cost.  Per  Cent 

Paid  to  farmers  for  beets $4,516,899.13           62.56  $3,439,943.92  62.86 

Transporting  beets  to  factory 361,619.25             5 .  01  283,567.49  5 .  18 

Agricultural  sxiperintendence 375,035.12             5.20  208,042.61  3.80 

Labor  operating  factories 598,098.05             8 .  29  401,402.47  7 . 34 

Factory  repairs 301,065.15             4 .  17  291,375.54  5.32 

Fuel. . " 298,280.30            4. 13  256,866.05  4.69 

Lime  rock 166,027.65             2.30  121,703.42  2.22 

Sugar  bags 295,686.28             4.09  175,797.32  3.21 

Miscellaneous  operating  supplies 239,175.76            3 .  31  152,000.72  2 .  78 

Factory  and  office  supervision 268,402.73             3 .  72  225,951.45  4 .  13 

Stock  in  process  from  previous  campaign.       128,527.16             1.78  93,322.17  1.71 

Total  gross  cost $7,548,816.58        104 .  56  $5,649,963.16  103 .  24 

Deduct: 
Value  of  stock  in    process,  wet  pul])  and 

molasses  residue $329,159.17              4 .  56  $177,246.67  3 .  24 

Net  factory  cost.o|  sugar  produced .$7,219,657.41          100.00  $5,472,716.49  100.00 


INTERNATIONAL  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CORPORATION 


APRIL  30  BALANCE  SHEET 

Assets:  Liabiliiies: 

Stock  of  .\rgentine  Co $2,156,500     Preferred  stock 2,5C0,00a 

Stock  of  Cuban  Co 17,620    Common  stock 1,017,620- 

General  expense 7,530     Accounts  payable 26,015 

*Accounts  receivable 460,164 

Cash  in  banks 901,820 


Total 3,543,635  Total 3,543,635 

*Represents  amoimt  due  from  the  Compania  Argentina  de  Cemento  Portland  for  supplies- 
and  machinery  purchased  in  New  York. 

The  companj^  has  acquired  the  entire  capital  stock  of  the  Compania  Argentina  de  Cemento- 
Portland.  Substantial  progress  has  been  made  in  the  construction  work.  Contracts  have 
been  made  for  the  purchase  of  machiner>'''and  supplies,  both  in  this  country  and  in  the  Argentine, 
the  contracts  respecting  shipments  from  this  coimtrj^  bemg  verj-  favorable.  It  Is  connnon 
knowledge  that  many  difficulties  are  developing  in  the  way  of  procuring  construction  materials,, 
transportation,  both  by  land  and  water,  and  in  obtaining  labor,  nevertheless  it  L«5  hoped  that 
the  plant  will  be  substantklly  completed  by  the  end  of  the  year  and  possibly  in  operation  by 
that  time. 

In  a  circular  addressed  to  the  stockholders  of  Cuban  Portland  Cement  Co.,  Sept.  19,  1916, 
it  was  stated  that  up  to  July  1,  1917,  the  company  would  issue  in  exchange  for  each  share  of 
Cuban  stock  then  outstanding  one  share  of  the  conmion  capital  stock  of  the  International 
Company.  1762  shares  of  such  capital  stock  have  been  received  and  a  like  amount  of  the  com- 
mon capital  stock  has  been  issued  therefor. 

The  Cuban  Portland  Cement  Co.  owns  a  valuable  cement  deposit  in  Cuba,  of  approxunately 
1144  acres,  on  which  it  is  erecting,  and  is  nearing  completion,  a  plant  having  a  capacity  for 
manufacturing  600,000  barrels  of  cement  per  anniun. 


26 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


G3ri3ral    Vi3v\r,   Armour   F3rtiliz?r   Works,    Matanzas,    Cuba. 

MATANZAS    FERTILIZER    WORKS 


The  Armour  Company  of  Chicago  has  invested  one-half  million  dollars  in  the  construc- 
tion of  a  large  modern  plant  on  the  outskirts  of  the  city  of  Matanzas  for  the  manufacture  of 
commercial  fertilizers  for  use  in  Cuba.  This  is  one  of  the  most  complete  of  their  recently 
constructed  plants  and  is  one  of  the  thirty-six  operated  by  this  company  throughout  the  world. 
It  is  proposed  to  manufacture  all  kinds  of  fertilizer  and  phosphoric  acid  for  sugar  refining.  The 
buildings  and  equipment  in  this  plant  represent  an  investment  of  $500,000,  and  consist  of 
offices,  laboratories,  power  house,  acid  furnaces  and  tanks,  mixing  plant,  docks,  water  reser- 
voirs, etc. 

The  plant  includes  a  large  and  most  up-to-date  building  for  the  manufacture  of  sulphuric 
acid,  where  sulphur  and  nitrate  of  soda  are  burned  with  oyxgen  to  make  sulphuric  acid.  This 
building  contains  four  large  chambers  of  forty  tons  daily  capacity,  each  chamber  is  equipped 
with  numerous  thermometers  to  record  the  necessary  hourly  temperature  taken  by  the  experts 
in  charge,  and  we  are  told  that  this  operation  requires  close  attention  to  prevent  loss  of  the 
sulphuric  acid  after  a  specific  heat  is  reached  which  must  be  maintained.  The  next  most 
interesting  operation  here  in  the  manufacture  of  chemical  fertilizers  is  in  the  large  acidulating 
or  mixing  plant,  where  the  sulphuric  acid  is  mixed  with  phosphate  rock,  which  is  imported  from 
Florida,  to  secure  the  acid  phosphate  or  fertilizer.  Tankage,  ammonia  and  blood  fertilizer  is 
also  received  here  which  is  mixed  with  the  acid  phosphate  to  make  the  highest  grade  fertilizer 
on  the  market.  The  building  used  for  the  acidulating  or  mixing  plant  is  an  enormous  structure 
used  for  the  storage  of  the  finished  product  and  necessitates  a  special  type  of  construction  pro- 
viding for  bulging  or  slanting  walls  to  offset  the  outward  pressure  caused  by  the  chemical  re- 
action of  the  acids  and  fertilizers.  In  connection  with  the  sulphuricacid  and  acidulating 
plants  is  an  up-to-date  chemical  laboratory,  where  tests  are  hourly  made  of  the  M-id  and 
finished  product.  This  plant  will  have  a  yearly  output  of  80,000  tons,  or  sufficient  fertilizer 
products  for  eighty  per  cent  of  Cuba's  sugar  and  tobacco  lands. 

A  new  cement  wharf  is  being  constructed    to  replace  a  former  dock  which  was  partly 
washed    away   and    destroyed.        The    location     of    the    plant   is    some    four    miles    from 


THE     CUBA     R  J:  V  I  E  W 


27 


Docks    BL'ing    Constructed    at    lli._    AniK.ur    l-Cit  i  li/.t  r    riant,    Matan^ae 


Central  View  Showing  l^uwer  iMant  mi  IviRht  and  Water  Si 

Fertilizer   Works,    Matanzas. 


'i'tmk,  Armour 


the  city  of  IVIatanzas  and  is  situated  on  a  beautiful  point  at  the  entrance  of  the  bay, 
near  the  Cuba  Distilhng  properties  and  Dubrccq  wharf,  and  is  connected  with  the  city  by  the 
Matanzas  Terminal  Branch  railways.  The  company  has  erected  comfortable  homes  for  the 
officers  and  employees  connected  with  the  plant  near  the  water's  edge  and  an  excellent  beach  on 
the  waterfront  affords  good  sea  bathing  the  year  round. 

It  is  of  interest  to  recall  with  the  e&ttblishn  ent  cf  this  rrct'ein  pknt  in  Cuba  by  the  Armour 
Company  that  the  fertilizer  situation  today  in  Cuba,  as  well  as  elsewhere,  must  be  considered 
from  an  entirely  different  standpoint  frcm.  that  which  obtained  a  few  years  ago.  Then  all  fer- 
tilizing materials  were  available,  and  one  had  only  to  choose  between  them,  but  now  many 


■28 


T  H  E  ;  C  U  B  A|[R  E  V  I  E  W 


Sulphuric  Acid  Plant,  Armour  Fertilizer  Works,  Matanzas. 


Acidulating   or   :Mixin!^:    liuildinr,    Ariimur    I-'ertilizcr   AVcu'ks,    Matanzas, 


materials  have  been  practically  withdrawn  from  sale  and  many  of  those  which  are  still  in  the 
market  are  held  at  such  high  prices  as  to  be  out  of  consideration.  Under  these  circumstances  the 
question  arises  as  to  whether  there  is  a  method  of  farming  yet  to  be  found  that  will  tend  to 
make  the  lack  of  fertilizer  least  felt. 

Since  the  war,  potash  fields  of  Ciermany  which  supply  the  world  have  been  entirely  cut 
off  and  the  United  States  Government  has  made  strenuous  efforts  to  discover  potash  deposits, 
or  some  source  of  supply  that  would  relieve  the  anxieties  of  the  farmer.  A  number  of  fac- 
tories have  been  established  for  the  purpose  of  extracting  potash  from  the  large  supplies  of 
kelp  found  on  the  western  coast.    While  partial  success  has  accompanied  some  of  these  efforts, 


TUl.     CUB  A     R  I.  V  I  h  W 


29 


yet  the  fact  remains  tliat  thore  is  now  in  the  western  hemisphere  but  a  tithe  of  the  potash  nor- 
mally needed,  and  tliat  this  scarcity  is  apt  to  be  felt  as  loiif?  as  the  war  lasts.  The  i)resent 
price  and  scarcity  of  potash  in  the  market  is  such  that  it  is  impracticable  to  secure  fertilizers 
with  any  but  a  very  small  percentage  of  this  substance,  and  even  in  cases  where  the  fertilizer 
contains  a  small  amount,  it  is  valued  at  so  high  a  price  that  it  is  very  doubtful  if  the  effect  on 
crops  will  pay  for  its  use.  The  nitrogen  situation  is  better,  but  it  is  not  all  that  could  be 
desired.  The  principal  supply  of  the  nitrogen  contained  in  the  fertilizers  used  in  Cuba  comes 
from  sulphate  of  ammonia  and  slaughter  house  products,  such  as  tankage,  bone-meal  and  blood. 
Almost  all  of  the  sulphate  of  ammonia  used  in  agriculture  lias  luitil  recently  {;ome  from  Knghmd, 
but  the  exigencies  of  the  war,  ex'  essive  freight  and  insurance  rates  have,  to  a  large  extent, cut  off 
this  supply,  and  the  production  in  the  United  States  has  not  kept  up  with  the  demand.  The 
excessive  prices  put  iipon  sulphate  of  ammonia  and  nitrate  of  soda  for  munition  making  have 
caused  a  large  demand  for  the  animal  ammoniates,  causing  in  turn  a  scarcity  of  all  these 
articles  and  exorbitant  prices.  It  is  costing  now  more  to  treat  phosphate  rock  with  sulphuric 
acid  in  order  to  render  the  phosphoric  acid  available,  since  the  sulphuric  acid  is  in  demand  also 
in  the  war  industries. 

With  these  facts  as  to  the  fertilizer  situation  before  one,  the  establishment  of  this  large 
plant  by  the  Armour  Company  at  Matanzas  seems  most  timely,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  farmers  of  Cuba,  particularly  those  of  the  western  provinces  where  the  land  is  old  and  next 
to  impossible  to  grow  crops  without  fertilizer,  will  awaken  to  the  possibilities  afforded  and  the 
advantages  to  be  derived  from  this  new  and  welcome  industry  in  their  country. 


OIL  WELLS 

A  recent  visit  made  to  the  oil  wells  at 
Bacuranao,  a  few  miles  East  of  Havana,  re- 
sulted in  the  following  information  in  regard 
to  the  situation  there: 


The  Union  Cil  Co.  pumps  on  an  average 
about  50  bbls.  each  day.  This,  however, 
does  not  represent  continuous  pumping,  as 
the  supply  of  these  wells  is  not  in  a  condi- 
tion for  the  pumps  to  be  working  all  of  the 


■General    View  of  the   Union  Oil    Co.    Mine  at    Bacuranao. 


30 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Board   of  Directors  of  the   Union   Oil    Co.      Mine   at    Bacuranao. 


tiiue.  The  Cuban  Petroleum  Co.  has  a  tank 
of  about  2,000  bbls.  capacity,  where  the 
petroleum  is  stored  until  it  is  sent  to  tbe 
refinery,  which  is  located  at  Belot  in  Havana. 
This  refinery  is  operated  by  the  West  India  Oil 
Refining  Co. 

The  petroleum  pumped  by  the  Union  Oil 
Co.  is  said  to  contain  22%  gasoline,  some  para- 
fin  and  other  valuable  substances.  The 
Union  Oil  Co.  operates  four  wells  and  is 
pumping  approximately  35  bbls.  daily  from 
well  No.  4  and  15  bbls.  daily  from  well  No.  5. 
Well  No.  6  has  been  driven  about  1,000  ft. 
with  6  inch  pipe.  A  large  tank  of  50,000  gals, 
capacity  has  been  built,  as  well  as  some  other 
smaller  tanks.  Piping  is  laid  from  the  large 
tank  to  the  railroad  station  ac  Minas,  about 
two  miles  distant,  where  there  is  another 
tank  of  50,000  gals,  capacity.  This  company 
has  already  shipped  1,000  bbls.,  700  of  which 
went  to  Matanzas  for  refining  and  the  balance 
to  Regla  and  other  places  where  the  oil  is  used 
for  fuel  purposes.  There  are  some  1,500 
bbls.  of  oil  ready  for  shipment,  awaiting  their 
removal  to  tank  cars.  As  soon  as  the  railway 
can  handle  this  shipment,  the  West  India  Oil 


Co.  has  agreed  to  buy  all  that  can  be  delivered. 
The  Union  Oil  Co.  uses  some  10  bbls.  daily  to 
operate  boilers  and  pumps,  and  has  a  pump- 
ing capacity  from  their  tank  at  the  wells  to 
their  tank  at  Minas  of  60  bbls.  per  hour. 

The  consensus  of  opinion  seems  to  be  that 
the  working  of  these  oil  fields  will  result  in  the 
production  of  a  large  quantity  of  crude  petro- 
leum. 


COTTON  WASTE  IN  CUBA 

There  is  a  dem.and  in  Cuba  for  cotton  waste 
for  machine  wiping.  The  principal  users  of 
this  material  are  the  railroads  and  the  sugar 
m.ills.  The  railroads,  it  is  stated,  buy  all  their 
supply  direct  through  their  purch;M-ing  agents 
in  New  York  City,  and  while  many  of  the  sugar 
mills  buy  from  supply  houses  in  Habana,  still 
a  considerable  quantity  is  furnished  by  deal- 
ers in  this  city,  the  names  of  the  principals  of 
which  are  submitted. 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS 

Mr.  Horace  F.  Ruggles,  M.E.,  has  changed 
his  address  and  in  the  future  his  New  York 
office  will  be  at  108  Wall  St. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


31 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


GOVERNMENT  ESTIMATE 

This  year's  Cul)aii  sugar  crop  will  he  ap- 
proxiuuitoly  2,800,000  tons,  accorti.ing  U)  an 
official  statement  issued  l)y  the  Cul)an  Clov- 
erunieiit  in  Havana,  designed  to  inform  all 
concerned  with  the  statistics  of  i)rodu(!t  ion  on 
the  island  for  the  present  season.  Con^pared 
with  last  year's  record  crop,  the  tonnage  this 
year  shows  a  decrease  of  only  five  per  cent. 
This  showing,  in  view  of  the  present  high 
prices  of  sugar,  and  the  proved  certainty  that 
they  cannot  be  much  re(hiced  in  the  immedi- 
ate future,  indicate  that  the  earnings  of  the 
various  Cuban  sugar  conii)anies  will  be  large 
again  this  year,  and  that  production  will  be 
far  greater  than  was  recently  forecast,  though 
less  than  originally  estimated  by  six  hundred 
thousand  tons.  With  the  settlem.ent  of  recent 
labor  difhculties  in  Havana,  a  fortunate 
delay  in  the  beginning  of  the  rainy  season 
and  the  complete  collapse  of  the  recent  up- 
rising, all  indications  are  now  for  the  expedi- 
tious handhng  and  m.arketing  of  the  output, 
with  fortunate  results  to  the  producers  and 
to  the  trade  generally,  Cuba  having  realized 
her  responsibilities  as  the  world's  chief 
sugar  producer  in  the  present  critical  time, 
due  to  the  European  war. 

The  Cuban  Covernment  statement  was  is- 
sued by  Senor  Eusebio  8.  Azpiazii,  private 
secretary  to  President  Menocal  of  Cuba,  and 
was  transmitted  by  cable  to  the  RepubUc  of 
Cuba  News  Bureau  in  New  York.  Secretary 
Azpiazu's  statement  is  as  follows: 

"The  original  estimates  of  sugar  statisti- 
cians for  the  crop  of  1916-1917  averaged  some- 
what over  .3,400,000  tons.  This,  in  my  judg- 
ment, was  too  high  an  estimate,  even  had  there 
been  no  internal  disorders,  and  on  March  20, 
bearing  this  in  mind,  as  well  as  the  attempt 
at  revolt  then  at  its  height,  I  estimated  the 
present  crop  at  2,850,000  tons.  Now,  with 
the  crop  nearing  the  end  and  in  view  of  tele- 
graphic advices  received  from  all  districts  in 
Camaguey  and  Oriente,  I  have  revised  my 
previous  calculations  in  my  estimate,  this 
year's  crop  cannot  exceed  2,850,000  tons  as 
previously  estimated  and  will  more  probably 
be  nearer  2,800,000  tons.  The  four  western 
provinces  in  Cuba  have  manufactiu-ed  to  date 
1,775,000  tons,  and  in  Camaguey  there  have 
been  manufactured  260,000  tons,  in  Oriente 


the  output  to  date  is  450,000  t(}ns.  Even 
with  good  weather  prevailing  for  the  rest  of 
the  season  the  four  western  provinces  are  not 
likely  to  manufacture  more  than  50,000  to 
75,000  tons,  in  addition,  Camaguey  50,000 
and  Oriente  2.50,000,  making  the  total  i)ossi})le 
cro])  not  to  exceed  2,850,000  tons  as  esti- 
mated in  March. 

"This  revised  estimate,  therefore,  shows  tliat 
notwithstanding  the  late  start  and  the  at- 
tempted rebellion,  the  present  crop  will  have 
fallen  short  of  the  original  too  optimistic  es- 
timates by  less  than  twenty  per  cent.,  and 
only  five  per  cent,  behind  last  year's  record 
output.  The  stocks  on  hand  in  the  Island  of 
Culja  today  are  approximately  twenty  per 
cent,  less  than  last  years." 

This  statement  of  Secretary  Azpiazu,  the 
Republic  of  Cuba  New  Bureau  pointed  out, 
was  reached  only  after  exhaustive  inquiries 
by  the  Cuban  Government,  prosecuted  by 
official  agencies,  and  therefore  can  set  at  rest 
the  alarmist  reports  which  indicated  that  the 
profits  of  the  principal  sugar  companies  would 
be  more  or  less  curtailed.  That  the  ret^erve 
stocks  on  hand  are  less  than  last  years,  indi- 
cates, too,  the  News  Bureau  added,  that  the 
present  price  levels  due  to  the  improved  eco- 
nomic conditions,  must  necessarily  be  main- 
tained. With  the  weather  continuing  favor- 
able, as  it  has  in  the  past  three  months  and 
more,  the  marketing  of  the  crop  will  proceed 
with  the  utmost  facility. 


FORMOSA 


It  is  officially  estimated  that  the  crude- 
sugar  output  of  the  several  producing  com- 
panies of  Taiwan  (Formosa)  for  the  season 
ending  in  May,  1917,  will  be:  Taiwan  Sugar 
Manufacturing  Co.,  190,190,000  pounds; 
Yensuiko  Co.,  113,050,000;  Dai  Nippon  Co., 
81,130,000;  Teikoku  Co.,  66,500,000;  Meiji 
Co.,  109,030,000;  Toyo  Co.,  130,310,000; 
Niitaka  Co.,  62,510,000;  Rin  Hon  Gen  Co., 
35,910,000;  Tainan  Co.,  8,645,000;  Shinko 
Co.,  11,305,000;  Taito  Co.,  5,985,000— total, 
814,625,000  pounds. 

Last  year's  production  amounted  to  463,- 
261,864  pounds.  About  90  per  cent,  of 
Taiwan's  sugar  is  exported  to  Japan  and  there 
refined. — Consul  M.  D.  Kirjassoff,  Taiwan. 


32 


THE      CUBA    REVIEW 


1917  SUGAR  CROP 


Central  Est. 

HAVANA 

Guira  de  Melena .55,000 

La  Julia 210,000 

Loterla 20,000 

Mercedita  (Pascual) 205,000 

Nombre  de  Dios 30,000 

Occidente 2.5,000 

Portugalete 65,000 

Providencia 190,000 

San  Augustin   100,000 

MATANZAS 

Armenia 85,000 

Carolina 85,000 

Conchita 320,000 

Cuba 200,000 

Elena 1,5,000 

Felfz 135,000 

Flora 115,000 

Gomez  Mena 365,000 

Jesus  Maria 90,000 

Jobo 105,000 

Josefita *90,000 

Limones *135,000 

Nueva  Paz 125,000 

Porvenir *25,000 

San  Cavetano *50,000 

San  Ignacio 110,000 

Santa  Rita 90,000 

Santo  Domingo 90,000 

Saratoga 50,000 

Socorro 360,000 

Triunfo 20,000 

Triunvirato *45,000 

CARDENAS 

Alava *300,000 

Covadonga 180,000 

Dolores 65,000 

Dos  Rosas 60,000 

Dulce  Nombre 65,000 

Esperanza 70,000 

Guipuzcoa *145,000 

Luisa  y  Antonio 7,000 

Mercedes 275,000 

Porfuerza 80,000 

Progreso 150,000 

Reglita *100,000 

Santa  Gertrudis 220,000 

San  Vincente *90,000 

Soledad *150,000 

Tinguaro 2.50,000 

Violeta 110,000 

Washington 1.50,000 

SAGUA 

Caridad 30,000 

Constancia 140,000 

Corazon  de  Jesus 75,000 

Maria  Antonio 50,000 

Resolucion 65,000 

Resulta 115,000 

San  Francisco  de  Asis 40,000 

San  Isadro 60,000 

Santa  Teresa 175,000 

Ulacia 120,000 

Unidad 100,000 


Ba 

«s 

Per  Cent 

Actual 

Short 

Over 

Short 

Over 

44,666 

10,.334 

19 

220,000 

10,000 

5 

25,000 

5,000 

25 

190,000 

15,000 

7 

30,000 

16.542 

8,458 

34 

78,000 

13,000 

20 

196,000 

6,000 

3 

94,000 

6,000 

6 

77,300 

7,700 

9 

84,000 

1,000 

1 

289,141 

30,859 

10 

178,000 

22,000 

11 

19,000 

4,000 

27 

140,000 

5,000 

4 

100,000 

15,000 

13 

300,000 

65,000 

18 

82,000 

8,000 

9 

80,000 

25,000 

24 

101,000 


74,997 
75,300 
80,500 
42,500 
2.57,000 
30,000 


197,000 


24,000 


35,003 

14,700 

9,500 

7,500 

103,000 


10,000 


23,000 


19 


16 
11 
15 
29 


10 


263,500 

13,500 

120,000 

10,000 

169,160 

19.160 

21,350 

8,650 

29 

146,000 

6,000 

74,000 

1,000 

1 

40,300 

9,700 

19 

.56,000 

9,000 

14 

106,000 

9,000 

8 

44,000 

4,000 

47,000 

13,000 

21 

169,.500 

5,500 

31 

106,000 

14,000 

12 

106,000 

6,000 

50 


160,000 

20,000 

11 

66,000 

1,000 

2 

47,000 

13,000 

22 

51,458 

13,.542 

21 

77,000 

7,000 

10 

6,824 

176 

3 

223,160 

51,840 

19 

70,000 

10,000 

12 

135,000 

15,000 

10 

5 

9 
11 


10 


THECUBAREVIEW  33 


Bags  Per  Cent 

Central                                                                      Est.  Actual               Sho          Over       Short    Over 

CAIBARJEN 

Rosalia 60,000  59,880                  20 

Rosa  Maria 45,000  27,000           18,000                       40 

SanJos6          125,000  130,000                              5,000                       4 

San  Pablo           42,000  40,000             2,000                          5 

Zaza 125,000  115,000            10,000                          8 

CIENFUEGOS 

Andreita 200,000  188,000            12,000                          6 

Cieneguita 100,000  72,000           20,000                       26 

Constancia * 

Dos  Hermanas  (Fowler) 105.000  109,700                              4,700                       4- 

Dos  Hermanos  (Acea) 28,000  28,000 

Juragua *68,000 

Lequeitio    170,000  175,000                              5,000                       3 

Manuelita        120,000  109,000            11,000                                      10 

Maria  Victoria 125,000  120.758             4,242                          3 

ParqueAlto 90,000  75,500            14,500                         16 

Pastora 7.5,000  71,000             4,000                                        5. 

Perseverancia 190,000  181,000             9,000                                        S 

Portugalete 115,000  109,000             6,000                          5 

San  Agustin *150,000 

San  Francisco *100,000 

Santa  Maria 115,000  103,045            11.155                         10 

Santa  Rosa 150.000  138,000            12,000                          8 

Santisima  Trinidad 68,000  .50,000            18,000                        26 

Santa  Catalina 125,000  117,820             7,180                          6 

Senado 270,000  64,000          206,000                         76 

ANTILLA  AND  NIPE  BAY 

AltoCedro 90,000  100 

Cupev 110,000  30,000            80,000                         73 

Elia.' 115,000  23,000            92,000                        80 

Jatibonico 250,000  155,200            94,800                         38 

Jobabo 300,000  81,000          219,000                         73 

RioCauto 100,000  84,000            16,000                         16 

Tuinucu 180,000  185,707                               5,707                       S 

SANTA  CRUZ  DEL  SUR 

Francisco 350,000  195,000          155,000                         44 

MANZANILLO 

Dos  Amigos 70,000  71,000                             1,000                      1 

Madrazo  (Tranquillidad) 50,000  23,160           26,840                       54 

Salvador 60,000  59,000              1,000                          2 

Total 9,940,000  8,398,768 

8,398,768 

1,542,232  bags  short,  or  about  227,000  tons. 

Estates  reported  finished 96 

Per  cent  of  estimated  crop  reported 28.3% 

Average  shortage 15.5% 

*  Finished. 


SAN  AGUSTI N E  ESTATE  wooden  frame  and  were  fuU  of  massecuite.  On. 

On  May  26,  a  fire  which  started  in  the  falling  down,  they  smashed  centrifugals  and 

boiler  house  of  the  San  Agustine  estate  in  tumbled  against  steel  columns  of  quadruple 

Cienfuegos  completely  destroyed  this  central,  effect,    tearing   do^\^l   the   quadruple   effect, 

including  30,000  bags  of  sugar.     All  of  the  condenser,  filter  presses  and  everything  in 

machinery  except  the  mills  and  engines  and  their  path.    The  fire  started  at  half-past  five 

three  boilers  was  completely  destroyed.     A  and  the  house  burned  all  night.     The  sugar 

large  quadruple  effect,  one  vacuum  pan,  all  burned  for  three  days.     The  sugar  was  in- 

crystallizers,  filter  presses  and  tanks  crumbled  siu-ed  at  $420,000,   but  the  machinery  de- 

to  the  ground,  also  a  large  barometric  con-  stroyed  is  valued   at  $500,000.     The  sugar 

denser.    The  crystallizers  were  mounted  on  a  house  was  not  insured. 


34 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


'"^^'^%M62S^'"*^l6  62Z23^^=^^"5'OI7Z4'^«2229^,^,g^ 


2  3'^°»7W2128^'"«^2  3fea30 


JAM       Feb.     Mar.     Apr       May    Jum      joly      Aug.     5ep       Oct     Mov      Dec 


Crop  Year. 

1915-1916. 
1914-1915. 
1913-1914. 
1912-1913. 
1911-1912. 


Cuban  Crop 
Outturn. 
Tons. 
3,007,915 
2,592,667 
2,597,732 
2,428,.537 
],S95,184 


Average  Price 

Average  Price 

of    Cuban    Raw 

of   Cuban    Raw 

Sugar — 96  degr. 

Sugar — 96  degr. 

Cuban  Crop 

centrif.,  C.  &  F. 

c-ntiif.,  C.  &  F. 

Crop 

Year 

Outturn. 

Tons. 

Basis     at     New 
York. 

Bisis     at     New 
York. 

1910- 

-1911. 

1,483,451 

1916.. 

.  .4.767  cents  per  lb. 

1911. . 

..3.090  cents  per  lb. 

1909- 

1910. 

1,804,349 

1915.. 

.  .  3.620  cents  per  lb. 

1910. . 

..2 

S2>  cents  per  lb. 

1908- 

1909. 

1,513,582 

1914.. 

.  .2.745  cents  per  lb. 

1903 . . 

.2 

646  cents  per  lb. 

1907- 

1908. 

961,958 

1913.. 

.  .2.150  cents  per  lb. 

1908.  . 

.  .2 

713  cents  per  lb. 

1906- 

1907. 

1,427,673 

1912.. 

.  .2.804  cents  per  lb 

1907.. 

.  .  2 

396  cents  per  In. 

ay's 

iVeekly 

Stjt 

isticjl  Sugar 

^Trade  Journal. 

THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


35 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


SUGAR  TAX 
The  Cuban  Covfrnincnt,  folloAvinp;  its  ac- 
tion in  pn)\iding  for  a  .small  tax  on  raw  snjiar, 
has  issued  an  official  ox])lanatory  statement  to 
reassure,  not  only  the  consumer,  but  those  who 
are  interested  at  present  in  the  prospective 
earnings  of  the  various  Cuban  sugiir-produc- 
ing  companies,  as  to  the  nef^ligible  effect  of  the 
tax  both  on  the  retail  price  of  sugar  as  a 
household  commodity,  and.  on  the  profits  of 
the  Cul^an  sugar  producers.  Tlie  statem.ent, 
which  was  in  the  form  of  a  Havana  cablegram 
from.  E.  S.  Azpiaza,  secretary  to  President 
Menocal,  to  the  Eepublic  of  Cuba  News 
Bureau,  in  New  York,  says:  "The  new  sugar 
tax  of  twenty  cents  a  bag  and  six  per  cent,  on 
the  net  profits  of  the  sugar  com.panies  is  ex- 
ceedingly moderate  considering  that  a  bag  of 
raw  sugar  at  present  prices  is  worth  $15.  This 
leaves  a  net  profit  to  the  producer  of  around 
$9  a  bag.  The  measiu^e  works  this  way :  Sup- 
pose a  sugar  m.ill  m.akes  1,000,000  liags  of 
sugar,  earning  a  net  profit  of  $9,000,000,  the 
taxes  would  be  .|1200,000  of  this  amount  at 
twenty  cents  a  bag.  The  cost  of  production 
plus  the  bag  tax  would  be  about  $6,200,000, 


leaving  a  net  profit  of  $8,800,000  on  which 
is  com])uted  the  six  per  cent  tax,  in  this  case 
amounting  to  aroimd  .$.520,000." 

Official  cabled  advices  received  by  the  News 
Bureau  from  Havana  indicate  that  the  pro- 
duction of  the  various  centrals  in  Cuba  for  the 
present  season  will  be  only  five  per  cent,  less 
than  last  year's  record  crop.  Few  of  the  im- 
portant producers  have  suffered  to  any  ap- 
precial)le  extent  from  the  recently-collapsed 
uprising,  and  the  im])osition  of  the  bag  tax 
and  the  slight  excess  profit  tax  should  not 
affect  their  earnings  to  any  extent  worth  con- 
sideration. In  fact,  all  the  estimates  of  the 
earnings  of  the  various  companies,  as  well  as 
their  tonnage  production,  which  have  eman- 
ated from  unofficial  sources  in  the  past  ten 
weeks,  have  been  mider,  instead  of  over,  the 
actual  figures.  This  has  been  well  reflected 
by  conditions  in  the  stock  market,  where 
Cuban  sugar  stocks,  in  the  face  of  reactions 
in  other  industrial  issues,  have  exhibited  un- 
usual strength,  their  quotations  steadily  in- 
creasing toward  figures  which  the  revised  of- 
ficial Cuban  Government  statistics  indicate 
are  the  correct  price  levels. 


THE  SUGAR   REVIEW 


SpecMiy  written  for  The  Cuba  Review  bv  Willeti  db  Oray,  New  York.  N .  Y . 

Our  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  May  7th,  1917. 

At  that  date  Cuba  centrifugal  sugar  of  96°  test  basis  was  quoted  at  53'ic.  cost  and  freight 
and  is  now  4^c.  per  lb.,  showing  decline  for  the  month  under  review  of  ^gc.  per  lb. 

The  cost  and  freight  quotation  from,  day  to  day  varied  as  to  the  date  of  sliipments.  The 
regular  duty  paid  quotation  changed  as  follows:  May  8th,  6.145c.;  10th,  6.21c.;  l-lth,  6.08c.; 
15th,  6.02c.;  22d,  5.96c.;  June  1,  5.89c. 

At  this  writing  there  is  a  moderate  demand  from  refiners  at  4J^c.  c.  &  f.  (5.89c.  duty  paid) 
for  prompt  shipment  Cubas. 

Porto  Ricos  have  been  more  freely  offered  than  Cubas  with  last  sales  at  5.77c.  per  lb. 
against  Cubas  at  5.89c.  duty  paid.  Condtions  of  supplies  and  demand  have  improved  some- 
what during  the  month  from  the  outside  point  of  view,  some  Cuban  crop  experts  advancing 
their  latest  estimates  to  quite  near  our  unchanged  estimate  of  3,000,000  tons,  which  we  see  no 
good  reason  to  change  even  to  the  2,900,000  tons  which  lately  put  out  from  Cuba. 

Cuban  buyers  of  contract  futures  on  the  Sugar  Exchange  have  been  prominent  factors  in 
sustaining  prices  which  might  be  lower  now  except  for  such  support. 

The  Tariff  Committee  at  Washington  have  decided  to  place  an  excise  tax  on  all  sugar 
going  into  consumption  of  3'2C.  per  lb.  This  action  is  confirmed  by  the  Houses  of  Congress,  as 
is  most  likely,  will  have  the  effect  of  a  raise  of  duties  on  Cuba  sugar  from  Ic.  per  lb.  to  13/2C. 
per  lb.  Connected  with  this  tction  is  a  movement  to  stop  the  payment  of  drawbacks  on 
sugar  exported  which  would  raise  the  price  of  refined  for  export  about  Ic.  per  lb. 

Inasmuch  as  Ainerican  granulated  and  Java  whites  and  West  India  crystals  all  sell  at  the 
same  price  in  London,  say  about  9.0Cc.  per  lb.  including  duty,  there  would  have  to  be  a  read- 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 

justment  of  buying  which  would  throw  the  buying  of  the  600,000  tons  of  refined  in  the  United 
States  back  into  Java  and  Cuba  for  increased  amount  of  raw  sugar. 

Cuba  akeady  sells  one-fourth  of  her  crop  to  Europe,  if  an  added  direct  demand  should 
come  from  Europe  for  one-fifth  more  of  her  crop  the  result  would  be  that  the  Cuba  crop  to  the 
extent  of  9-20ths  or  nearly  one-half  would  go  outside  of  the  United  States  making  Cuba  vir- 
tually the  fixer  of  prices  for  the  world.  In  the  end  it  will  probably  result  in  no  change  being 
made  in  tlie  drawback,  and  hence  no  such  disturbances  as  will  result  from  such  adverse  legisla- 
tion. 

Refined  sugar  has  shown  some  disposition  to  turn  toward  less  demand  and  lower  quota- 
tions are  general  at  7.50c.  less  2%  at  the  close. 

New  York,  June  8th,  1917.  WILLETT  &  GRAY. 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 


Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willett  &  Gray,  de  Nueva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  resena  para  esta  publicacion  estaba  fechada  el  7  de  mayo  de  1917,  en  cuya 
fecha  el  aziicar  centrifugo  polorizacion  96°  se  cotizaba  d,  S^c  la  libra  costo  y  flete,  y  ahora  se 
cotiza  a  4%c.  la  libra  costo  y  flete,  mostrando  una  baja  de  %c.  la  libra  durante  el  mes  bajo 
resena. 

La  cotizacion  de  costo  y  flete  de  dia  en  dia  vari6  segiin  la  fecha  de  los  embarques.  La 
cotizaci6n  regular  del  azucar  con  derechos  pagados  cambi6  del  modo  siguiente:  el  8  de  mayo, 
6.145c.;  el  10,  6.21c.;  el  14,  6.0Sc.;  el  15,  6.02c.;  el  22,  5.98c.;  y  el  1  de  junio,  5.89c. 

Al  escribir  esta  resena  hay  una  moderada  demanda  de  los  refinadores  A  4^c.  costo  y  flete 
(5.89c.  derechos  pagados)  para  pronto  embarque  de  aziicar  de  Cuba. 

Los  azucares  de  Puerto  Rico  han  tenido  mayor  oferta  que  los  de  Cuba  con  las  ultimas 
ventas  a  5.77c.  la  libra,  contra  los  de  Cuba  A  5.89c.  derechos  pagados.  Las  condiciones  del 
abasto  y  la  demanda  han  mejorado  algo  durante  el  mes  bajo  el  punto  de  vista  exterio'-,  algimos 
peritos  en  la  zafra  de  Cuija  aumentando  sus  ultimos  calculos  A  muy  cerca  de  lo  que  era  nuestro 
incambiable  ciilculo  de  3,000,000  toneladas,  el  cual  no  vemos  suficiente  motivo  para  cambiar 
ni  aun  a  las  2,900,000  toneladas  que  ultimaniente  se  esperaban  de  Cuba. 

Los  compradores  de  azucares  de  Cuba  para  contratos  en  el  future  en  las  Bolsa  de  Aziicar 
han  influido  mucho  en  sostener  los  precios,  los  cuales  serian  ahora  mds  bajos  &  no  ser  por  dicho 
apoyo. 

El  Comite  sobre  la  Tarifa  en  Washington  ha  decidido  imponer  un  impuesto  de  He.  por 
libra  en  todo  el  azucar  que  se  destine  al  consumo.  Esta  medida,  si  fuera  sancionada  por  las 
Cdmaras  del  Congreso,  como  es  muy  probable,  tendrd  por  efecto  el  aumento  en  los  derechos 
del  aziicar  de  Cuba  de  Ic.  la  libra  A  1  >2C.  la  libra.  En  conexi6n  con  esta  medida,  se  trata  de 
suspender  el  pago  de  reintegro  en  los  azucares  exportados,  lo  cual  amnentaria  el  precio  del 
azucar  refinado  para  la  exportaci6n  cosa  de  Ic.  la  libra. 

Una  vez  que  el  azucar  granulado  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  el  azucar  refinado  de  Java  y  el 
cristalizado  de  la  India  Occidental  se  venden  al  mismo  precio  en  Londres,  digamos  d  unos  9.06c. 
la  libra  incluyendo  los  derechos,  tendria  que  haber  un  nuevo  ajuste  para  las  compras,  lo  cual 
haria  que  la  compra  de  600,000  toneladas  de  azucar  refinado  en  los  Estados  Unidos  recaeria 
sobre  Java  y  Cuba  para  el  aumento  en  la  cantidad  de  aziicar  crudo. 

Cuba  vende  ya  d  Eiuropa  una  cuarta  parte  de  su  zafra,  y  si  Uegara  ademds  de  Europa  una 
demanda  directa  para  una  quinta  parte  mas  de  su  zafra,  el  resultado  serla  que  la  zafra  de 
Cuba  en  cantidad  de  9/20  partes,  6  casi  una  mitad,  iria  fuera  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  haciendo 
que  Cuba  fuera  verdaderamente  la  que  fijara  los  precios  del  azucar  en  todas  partes  del  mundo. 
Probablemente  resultard  que  despu6s  de  todo  no  tenga  lugar  cambio  alguno  en  la  clausula  de 
reintegro,  y  de  ahi  el  que  no  resulten  disturbios  con  motivo  de  tan  adversa  legislaci6n. 

El  azucar  refinado  ha  mostrado  alguna  disposici6n  hacia  menor  demanda,  y  se  hacen  cotiza- 
ciones  mds  baja.5  en  general  a  7.50c.  menos  2%  al  cerrar  el  mercado. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Nueva  York,  junio  8  de  1917. 


TH  E     CUBA     REVIEW 


37 


Cable  Address   "Turnure" 


New  York— S4— S6   Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi- 
dends and  Interest,  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 
Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain ,  Me.xico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 

and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS : 


HAVANA— N.  GelaU  y  Ca. 

PUERTO  RICO — Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto  Rico 


LONDON — The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 
PARIS — Heine  et  Cie. 


PYREX  LABORATORY  GLASSWARE 


Pyrex  Glass — -a  new  borosilicate  glass  possessing  an  extraordinarily  low  expansion 
coefficient,  0.0000032,  and  great  resistance  to  sudden  temperature  changes. 

Chemical  stability  tests  show  Pyrex  glass  to  be  Jess  soluble  in  water  and  acids  and 
about  equally  soluble  in  alkalis,  compared  with  the  best  resistance  glass,  either  American 
or  foreign,  hithertofore  offered.  The  glass  contains  no  metals  of  the  magnesia-lime-zinc 
group  and  no  heavy  metals. 

The  low  exiDansion  coeffic'ent  makes  it  possible  to  make  Pyrex  beakers  and  flasks  with 
wall  slightly  thicl':er  tiian  usual — -tiiis  greatly  increases  the  durability  of  the  vessels  without 
diminishing  the  resistance  to  sudden  heating  and  cooling. 

Descriptive   Price   List   Upon   Request 

EIMER  &  AMEND 


NEW   YORK  CITY 


PITTSBURGH,   PA. 


OTTAWA,   CAN. 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 
P.  O.  BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 


We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


CAR  S 


10-4.8H    GAGE  FL.\TS— Length  10  ft.  6in. 

Capacity  20,000  lbs. 

28-24  in.    GAGE.   8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom    Gondola 

ALL  STEEL  CONSTRUCTION 

Length  19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10  Tons. 
Weight  7,500  lbs. 

Fl  RST  -  CLASS     CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe  Flat  Cars. 
PROMPT  SHIPMENT       .'.      LOW  PRICE 

RAILS,     LOCOMOTIVES,      CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 


38 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and  Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 

82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 

Total  values  of  merchandise  imported  from  and  exported  to  Cuba  during  January  and  the 
seven  months  ended  January,  1917,  compared  with  corresponding  periods  of  the  preceding 
year  have  been  made  public  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce,  as  follows: 


Imports  from  Cuba. 
Exports  to  Cuba 


Month  of  January 

1917  1916 

$14,249,995  $13,056,501 

15,338,515  10,064,202 


7  mos.  ended  January 
1917  1916 

$108,822,722        $90,878,025 
110,188,766  67,491,012 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1   WALL  ST.    NEW  YORK 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handhng 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.  A.   MERCHANT 
J.  T.   MONAHAN 
CHAS.   F.  PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES     > 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.  Casiiier 


Pedro  Pablo   Diago  Guillermo  Carricaburu 

LOUIS    V.    PLACE   CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP     BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,  Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:  "PLAC£" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82   WALL    STREET        .-.  NEW    YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::         $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sample  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Please  menlion   THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  wrilinj  to  Advertisers 


THECUBAREVIEW  39 


Train    every    hour   daily  from     CENTRAL    STATION   from 
5  A.  M.   to  8  P.  M.        Last   train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL   STATION   from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.      Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,  80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 

SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  A\D  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) $0.05 

Guanal)acoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blauca  and  Cabaflas  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brass 

Castings.     Light  and  Heavy   Forgings.     All  kinds  of  Machinery   Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.   KLINQ,   Prop.  MnRlI  F       AT  A 

JAS.   S.   BOQUE,  Supt.  1VHJD1L.E-,      J\L.I\, 


SUGAR  CANDY  AND  CONFECTIONERY 

Fiscal  yei.r  ended  June  30. 

1911           1912             1913             1914             1915  1916 

U.S.  imports  from  Cuba..             $729         $l,lti4  $1,08G         $1,247  $1,867  $1,266 

U.S.  exports  to  Cuba...          62,336         65,179  76,014         83,206  95,256  175,646 


Telephone,  33  Hamilton.     Night  Call,  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:     "Abiwork*,"  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  aii  Branches 

Heavy  Forgings, Iron  and  Brus  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,   Oil  Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter   and    Joiner    work 

}?:^?  fi^^y'l^Ilir''  ]  N-  H.^nton  F.rry  BROOKLYN.  N.   Y. 

Acanta  for  "Kinchorn"  Multiplex  Valv* 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE 


TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 


CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Correspondanc*   Solicitad   from 
I  n t • n d 1 n K       Inrcatora 

OFFICERS 
Norman  H.  Davii      ....     -     Preaident 

Oiwald  A.  Hormby   ...     -  Vioe-Preiident 
Claudio  Q.  Mendoza       -     -     -  Vice-President 
J.  M.  Hopgood     -....-    Treasurer 

Rogelio  Carbajal  ------     Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner    -     .  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Dept. 


P. 

RUIZ 

® 

BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

BOMBA  VIKING 

PARA  TODOS   LI  QUI  DOS 

Especialmente  miel  y  leche  de  cal;  todos  tamanos 
para  tuberia  de  1/4  pulgada  hasta  8  pulgadas. 

VIKING  PUMP  CO.,  108  Wall  St.,  N.  Y. 
HORACE  F.   RUGGLES,   M.E. 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO    EN   1SG9 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Activo  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  St«. 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en   Cuba 

Coriesponsales  en  Espana  6  lalas  Canaiias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departainento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

d    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeros  en  Libras 

Esterlinas    6   Pesetas,    valederas   estas   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la  Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -      -      -      OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established   1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL    BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the  Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi- 
ness— Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  GONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  W^all  St. 

Cable  Address,   "Tide,  New   York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  when  writinc  to  Advertisers 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1  No.l7  No.  3  No.  7  No.  5   ^ 

P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M    A.  M.  A.  M.    2 


10.30 


♦  . 

'7 

A. 

17 
M. 

10.00 
A.M. 
12.06 

4.40 
»  - 

9.00 
10.55 

5.28 


8.50 

10.20 

P.  M. 

1.00 

10.00 
11.00 


P.M. 


8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 
P.M. 
3.00 
3.30 


P.M. 


10.01    7.40 


11.58 
2.18 


4.40 
8.40 


6.45 
P.  M. 


10.10 
12.33 


3.38 
6.45 


6.40 
8.00 


10.30 
P.M. 


Lv .  .  Central  Station . .  Ar 


.Matanzas, 
.  Cardenas , 


Ar Sagua Lv 

Ar .  .  .  .  Caibarien Lv 


.  Santa  Clara.  .  . .  Lv. 
.  Cienfucgos Lv. 


Ar.  .SanctiSpiritus. 
At  .  .Ciego  de  Avila. 
Ar.  .  .  .Camaguey.  . 
Ar Antilla. 


.Lv. 

.Lv. 
.  Lv. 
.Lv. 


538  Ar.  Santiago  de  Cuba.  Lv. 


No.  2  N0.I8  No.  4iNo.  8  No.  6IN0.IO 

A.M.  A.M.  P.  MP.  M.  P.  M.  A.M. 


7.36    9.13 

5.311  6.45 
12.45  5.00 
P.  M.  A.M. 

8.00 

5.30 

A.M. 
12.10 


2.06 


12.00 
9.12 


P.  M. 
8.25 

7.35 

4.55 

A.M. 

7.40 

6.55 


6.20 


1.55 
P.  M. 
11.20 

2.30 
2.00  . 


6.39 
44 


05 


A.  M.i 


P.  M. 


9.05 


6.28 
4.25 


1.00 


9.15 

8.48 


6.15 
A.M. 


6.20 


00 
M. 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

From  Havana  to  Berth  Compartment. 

Cienfuegos $3.00                   .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00                $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50                10.00 

Antilla 5.00                 14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00                 14.00 

ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


Antilla 

U.  S.  Cy. 

$23.33 

1.53 

20.66 

10.68 

Isle  of  Pines 

U.  S  Cy 
$6  00 

Batabano 

Bayamo 

Madruga 

Manianillo 

Matanzas 

Placetas 

Remedies 

Sagua 

3.01 

22.02 

3  20 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

15.49 

5.43 

12.72 

9.64 

10.43 

8  45 

Cienfuegos 

8.69 

5  56 

.45 

Colon 

Sancti  Spiritus 

11  19 

Guantanamo 

25.58 

8  53 

Ilolguin 

21.20 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

24.11 

Passengers  holding  full  tirkets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 


(( 


WEEK-END"  TICKETS 


FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  "WEEK-END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE   VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Send  thiM  cents  in  stamps  for  "Cuba — A  Winter  Paradise,"  a  beau-    ITnifA/l     DalKiravrs    nt     I4an«>%* 
tiful  Illustrated  booklet  describing   interesting  trips    in  Cuba  to     »-'nilCU    IXaUWayS    Ol     navana 
FRANK  ROBERTS,  General  Paasanger  A«ent.  Prado,   118,   Havana,   Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET.  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION     MERCHANTS 
Importacidn    directa    de    todas    los 
centros  manufactureros   del  mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espana 
Independencia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS,  CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 

OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

112      Wall      Street,      New     York 

Near   South  Street 

Yard:  56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 

Telephones : 

Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING   ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
Piers,  Bridges,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


We  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all   classes    of   contracting    work    in    Cuba. 

New   York  Office: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Mimro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers*  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,    New    York 
Telephone,  2492   South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  18ft 
Maritime   Exohange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar  Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  push  (h«  $al»t  of 

American  high  clan  product§.    Would 

rtpreient  a  firtt  elat$  firm 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 


M.  J.  CABANA 


COM  M  I88IO  N 
MERCHANT 


P.  O.  Box  3,  Camasuey 

Handles  all  linea  of  merchandise  either  on  a  oom- 
mission  basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
(urnishea  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  east- 
ern Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoslef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Michslaea 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshipAgents&ShipBrokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

CaM«:    "l>«nt«SM" 


Plea$e  meniion  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  AdvertiserM 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


S.S.   MUNAMAR 


NEW  YORK-CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER   AND  FREIGHT 

New   York        Antilla          Xuevitas  Nuevitas  New  York 

Steamer                   Leave               Arrive              Arrive               Leave  Arrive 

MUNAMAR....     July     14        July     IS         Julv    20  July    22  Jaly  26 

MUNAMAR July    28         Aug.      1         \n^.      :]  Aug.       o  Aug.     9 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

Regular  sailings  for  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagua,  Caibarien,    Pto. 
Padre,  Gibara,  Manati  and  Banes. 


MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

SS.  MUNISLA Havana,  Matanzas Julv     :^ 

SS.  VERATYR Havana,  Sagua July  10 

A  STEAMER Caibarien,  Cienfuegos,  Santiago July  11 

SS.  MUNISLA Havana,  Matanzas, July  17 

SS.  \:ER ATYR Havana,  Cardenas July  24 

SS.  MUNISLA Havana,  Matanzas Julv  31 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A   STEAMER Juh  20,  for  Monte\-ideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario. 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER July  5  and  19 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports  of  cal 

without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904=1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushild 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating    tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

-WILMINGTON,    DEL. 

S.    MORRIS    LILLIE,    President 


The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 

TWO  BALDWIN  ENGINES  are  offered  for  IMMEDIATE  DELIVERY 

subject  to  prior  sale 

One  is  of  the  Mogul  (2-6-0)  type,  and  the  other  of  the  Consolidation 
(2-8-0)  type.     Specifications  are  briefly  a?  follows: 

Mogul  Type: — -Gauge,  3'  6";  cylinders,  17"  x  22"; 
Driving-wheels,  diam.,  48";  Boiler  pressure,  160  lbs.;  Fuel, 
soft  coal  or  wood;  Weight  on  driving-wheels,  72,000  lbs.; 
total  engine,  83,000  lbs.;  total  engine  and  tender,  150,000 
lbs.;  Tank  capacity,  3,000  gallons  water,  6  tons  coal.  Com- 
plete equipment,  including  air  brakes  and  steel  tired  engine 
truck  and  tender  wheels. 

Consolidation  Type: — Gauge,  3'  6";  cylinders.  16"  x 
20":  Driving-wheels,  diam.,  43";  Boiler  pressure,  160  lbs.; 
Fuel,  wood;  Weight  on  driving-wheels,  70,000  lbs.;  total 
engine,  80,000  lbs.;  total  engine  and  tender,  135,000  lbs.; 
Tank  capacity,  2,500  gallons  water,  2}4  cords  wood.  Com- 
plete equipment,  including  air  brakes  and  steel  tired  engine 
truck  and  tender  -wheels. 

The  Locomotives  are  suitable  for  Plantation  Service. 
Prices  will  be  quoted  on  application. 

WALLACE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable  Addresses:    "BALDWIN,   PHILADELPHIA,"i"LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


Please  mmtion  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Adverti*er» 


.00  A  Year    JULV    1917    lOCentsACopy 


t     I    l«    I  II  k  i  A« 


■  I 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


LINK -BELT 

Elevators    and    Conveyors 

For   Bagasse,   Sugar,  etc. 

THROUGH     long    years    of    reliable    service,    Link-Belt 
Machinery  has  become   a   recognized   standard    for  the 
handling  of  sugar  cane,  bagasse,  etc.,  from  the   field   to 
the  finished  product. 

Our  engineers  are  specialists  in  designing  sugar  handling 
machinery.  Let  them  work  out  your  problems.  We  make 
no  charge  for  advice,  layouts  or  estimates. 

Link-Belt  Machinery  includes  :  Elevators  and  Conveyors 
for  every  service,  Juice  Strainers,  Bagasse  Carriers  and 
Feeders,  Field  Transfers  for  Sugar  Cane,  Car  Dumpers,  Roller 
Chains,  Link-Belt  Sprocket  Wheels,  Transmission  Machinery, 
etc.,  etc. 

Link-Belt  Company 


299   BROADWAY 


NEW  YORK  CITY 


JAMES  M.  MOTLEY 


71  BEAVER  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


Gerente  del  Departamento  de  Veritas  en  el  Extranjero  de 


THE  WEIR  FROG  COMPANY 
PENNSYLVANIA  BOILER  WORKS 
THE  JOHN  H.  McGOWAN  CO. 
THE  RAHN-LARMON  CO. 


CLEVELAND  PUNCH  AND  SHEAR  WORKS  CO. 
DUNCAN,  STEWART  &  CO.,  LTD. 
STANDARD  WATER  SYSTEMS  CO. 
STANDARD  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY  CO. 


Los  productos  de  estas  Fdbricas  abaroan: 


Bombas 

Tanques 

Tornos 

Prensas  para  Ruedas 


Mdquinas  para  Taladrar  Metales 
Acepilladoras  para  Metales 
Punzones  y  Cizallas  para  Metales 
Ejes,  Poleasy  Acccsorios 


Locomotoras  Livianas 

Gruas  sobre  Ruedas 

Garros:    Para  Cafia 
Para  Carga 
Para  Obras  de 

CoDstruccion 

Carriles  v  accesorios 

Via  Portatil 

Ranas  y  Chuchos 

Pueiites  de  Acero 

Edificios  de  Acero 

Maquinas  de  Izar 

Aserraderos 

Calderas 

Mdquinas  d  Vapor 

M  dquinas  a  Petroleo 

Mdquinas  ii  Gasolina 
Calentadores  de  Agua  para  Calderas 
Alaml)ii|U'S  para  Atpia 
Evaporadorcs  de  Serpentines 
Miiquinaria  Frigorifica 


Trapiches,  Desmenuzadoras  y  toda  clase  de  Maquinaria  para  Ingenios  de  Aziicar 
A  solicitud  se  remiten  catdlogos  y  presupuestos. 
Direcoion  cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New   York  (Se  usan  todas  las  claves.) 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


i^ADDOC    PARA  TODOS  usos  y  de  todos  tamaiios,   de  los  para  caiia  con   cuatro     ruedas  y  capa- 

V/AIV-K.w«J   cidad  de   X'/z   toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toncladai 

liacetnos    una    especxalidad    de   juegos    de    herrajes,    incltiyendo    los    juegos 

de  ruedas,  completamente  armados,  con  todas  las  piczas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

completos    para    constrinr    los    carros    d    sii    dcstino    de    inac'sras    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cahi.f.  Address: 

RA  MALI  AM 


HOLBROOK   TOWING    LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 
Ph. ne.  Hannover  g2    BEAVER    ST.,    NEW    YORK,    U.S.A. 


Xight  PhoiK! 
110.5  Bay  Ridge 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 

SUGARS 


RAW  ANQ 
REFINED 


82   WALL   STREET,   NEW   YORK 

Publishers  of   Daily   and  Weekly   Statistical   Sugar  Trade  Journal— the   recognized   authority  of  the  trad*. 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET  ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 


ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensena  uno  de  nueatros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cafia. 

Tenemos  otros  tipos  de  capacidades  varias  y  hemes  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carroa  para  cafia  para 
USD  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  America-Central  y  Mexico,  que  tienen  jaulea  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
Btruidas  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  desoarga  de  la  cafia. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.U.A. 

Direcc.i6n  telegr^fica:     NALLIM,  New  York.                      Produccidn  annual  de  md$  de   100,000  carro$. 
Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B.  CINTAS,  Oficioa  29-31,  Havana. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


FOR  MOLASSES  USE 


MATERIAL 
FABRICATED 


Om««inTuUa, 
Oklahoma,   Gallais  Bldf. 

2728  Whitehall  BuUdinc 
NEW  YORK 


HATVIOIVD  TyVINK 


-  WARR  EN,  PEN  N. 


BUILT  BY 


STEEL  TANKS 


COMPLETE 
OR  ERECTED 

Los  Angeles   Office 

414  Crosse   Building 

Spring  &   Sixth 

AgtnU  in  Cuba: 
ELLIS  BROTHERS 

28  San  Ignacio,   Havana,  Cuba 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


Write  for  our 
Descriptive  Catalog 


Insist  upon 
Walker's   **LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"Lion"  Brass  Trade  Mark  Labels  and  Seals  attached. 

James  Walker  &  Company,  Ltd. 


27   THAMES   STREET,   NEW    YORK   CITY 

,  Sole  Agent   for  Cuba 

JOSE    L.    VICLAAMIL 

Santa     Clara     2Q,     Havana,     Cuba 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  M 
5  15 


P  M 


P  M 
2  55 
4  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
P  M 


P  M 
2  15 
4  15 


PM 


AM 

10  r 

12  15 


PM 


AM 
6  55 
8  33 

10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


AM 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 
AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .  Ar. 

Ar Artemisa Lv 

Ar Paso  Real Lv 

Ar Herradura Lv 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio ....  Lv. 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 
3dcl. 
■SI.  10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 


AM 
7  49 
5  45 


AM 


AM 
11  09 
9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 


AM 
11  47 
9  45 


P  M 
3  49 
1  45 


AM 


P  M 


P  M 
6  47 
4  45 


6  38 
3  00 

P  MP  M 


P  M 
7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
3  00 
1   30 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho  Boyeros 15  cts. 

Calabazar 10  "       |  Santiago  de  las  Vegas    ....     20    " 

Rincon 25  cU. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

A  RE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
**•  Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


Fleqsp  Mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  xvhen  Writing  to  Advertisers. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An  Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine.  82-92   Beaver  Street,  New  York 

MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,      Publishers 


$1.00  Per  Year 


SUBSCRIPTION 


Advertising  Rates  on  Application 


10  Cents  Single  Copy 


Vol.  XV  JULY,  1917  No.  8 

Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — The  Two  Sentinels.  Paue 

Frontispiece — Garden,  Central  Stewart. 

All  .\iouiid  Cuba: 

Captain  .John  O'Rrifn    Ht 

Cuban  Ports  Company       11 

Dr.  Lanuza 11 

Havana  Correspondence it,  Id 

Independence  Day 1" 

Red  Cross 11 

Citrus  and  Other  Fruits,  Illustrated    12,  l.S,  14,  1.5,  Hi 

Cul)an  Commercial  Matters: 

.\merican  Paper •      31 

Cane  Transportation  in  Porto  Rico 30,  31 

Chewing  Guni 32 

Containers 32 

Cul)an  Financial  Matters: 

International  Brewing  Company  Report 21,  22,  2.3 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Securities    23 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban  Railroads 20,  21 

Ciil)aii    (iovernnient    Matters: 

Capital  Punishment 5 

Cuba  and  the  War ' 

Governnient  Plants 5 

Inimigration  Restrictions ' 

International  Farm  Congress 7 

I  iiternational  Health  Commission 8 

Lottery | 

Supreme  Court    ° 

Publications  Received i7  '  le    iq 

Public  Works  and  Improvements,  Illustrated i  /,  lo,  i» 

Sugar  Review — English • 

Spanish      

The  Sugar  Industry:  2-, 

Argentina „•„ 

Cuba  Soil if. 

Eastern  Bolivia 3^ 

Formosan  Sugar    ^„ 

Hongkong  Sugar  Trade 2? 

India  Sugar  Crop ' <, . 

Molasses  as  Cattle  Feed      5| 

Porto  Rico  Sugar Z^ 

Santo  Domingo  Estate 07 

Rio  .Janeiro        24 

Sugar  Beets 2^ 

Sugar  Refinery  for  Mukden      go 

Sugar  in  Sao  Paulo .j^ 

Sugar  Impurities 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL  AP.OUT   CUBA" 

Copyright,   1017,  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line 


Volume   XV 


JULY,   1917 


Number    8. 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


CUBA'S  PARTICIPATION  IN  THE  GREAT  WAR 

The  "ever  faithful  isle"  is  an  old  Spanish 
name  for  Cuba  which  is  being  enthusiastically 
revived.  By  ranging  herself  side  by  side  with 
the  United  States  in  the  great  struggle  for 
world  wide  democracy,  Cuba  has  demonstrated 
her  unswerving  devotion  to  the  country  which 
gave  her  freedom. 

Though  the  Island  republic  has  a  standing 
army  of  only  11,000  men,  her  unorganized  mili- 
tary strength  is  estimated  at  450,000.  Her 
greatest  service  in  the  war  will  be  to  see  that 
the  numerous  bays  and  gulfs  which  indent  her 
2,500  miles  of  coastline  are  not  used  as  hidden 
bases  by  Germany. 

Both  copper  and  manganese,  extremely 
valuable  in  the  manufacture  of  munitions,  are 
mined  in  considerable  cfuantities  in  the  eastern 
provinces,  particularly  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Santiago.  Four  thousand  iron  miners  fur- 
nish the  United  States  with  an  a\'.=rage  of 
50,000  tons  of  ore  each  month.  With  Cuba 
an  ally  instead  of  a  neutral,  United  States  ves- 
sels will  have  the  use  of  the  Havana  and  other 
harbors,  when  necessary.  By  the  treaty  of 
1903,  we  acquired  coaling  stations  at  Guanta- 
namo  and  Bahia  Honda. 

INTERNATIONAL  FARM  CONGRESS 

The  Cuban  government  has  been  invited 
by  the  government  of  the  United  States  to 
participate  in  the  International  Farm  Con- 
gress, which  will  be  held  at  Peoria,  111.,  in  1918. 


IMMIGRATION   RESTRICTIONS 

As  a  result  of  a  message  sent  to  Congress  by 
President  Menocal,  calling  attention  to  the 
fact  that  the  country  lacks  the  nece.ssary 
number  of  farm  laborers  because  the  usual 
immigration  of  Spanish  laborers  is  greatly 
diminished  at  present  by  opportunities 
opened  to  them  in  the  United  States  and  other 
countries,  where  wages  are  high  and  work  is 
plentiful,  a  bill  has  been  .submitted  to  the 
Cuban  Congress  recommending  that  all  re- 
strictions on  immigration  should  be  with- 
drawn, excepting  those  enforced  by  the  D<>- 
partment  of  Sanitation,  and  that  prohibiting 
minors  under  fourteen  years  of  age  entering 
the  country  without  being  accompanied  by, 
or  having  in  Cuba,  some  relatives. 


SAGUA  RAILROAD  CONCESSIONS 

President  .Menocal,  at  the  suggestion  of  the 
Secretary  of  Public  Works,  has  signed  a  de- 
cree approving  the  sale  of  the  Sagua  Railroad 
concession,  which  was  granted  on  December 
19,  1856,  for  the  use  of  the  port  of  Isabela  de 
Sagua,  to  the  Cuban  Central  Railroad,  Ltd. 
The  concession  also  included  the  land  on 
which  the  Sagua  Railroad's  station,  ware- 
house and  shops  are  located.  The  Sagua  Rail- 
road Company  has  been  granted  a  new  con- 
cession to  build  three  warehouses  at  the 
Sagua  docks,  according  to  plans  submitted  on 
September  15,   1915. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


CUBAN  COINAGE 

It  is  reported  that  the  Secretary  of  theTreas- 
ury  will  order  in  the  near  future  the  manufac- 
ture of  six  million  dollars'  worth  of  silver 
coins,  which  is  the  balance  of  the  order 
placed  with  the  United  States  mint  at  Phila- 
delphia. 

INTERNATIONAL  HEALTH  COMMISSION 

The  Cuban  Government  and  the  Rocke- 
feller Foundation  of  the  United  States  through 
the  International  Health  Commission,  are 
co-operating  in  a  campaign  against  yellow 
fever  in  other  countries.  President  Menocal 
has  granted  a  leave  of  absence  to  Dr.  Juan 
Guiteras,  Director  of  Sanitation  of  Cuba,  so 
that  he  may,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Com- 
mission, begin  a  campaign  to  stamp  out  the 
disease.  As  most  of  the  members  of  the  In- 
ternational Health  Commission  are  officers 
of  the  United  States  Army  Medical  Corps,  the 
Cuban  Government  considers  it  a  signal  honor 
that  Dr.  Guiteras  should  have  been  appointed 
to  perform  so  important  a  task.  Research 
will  begin  soon  on  the  Island  of  .Martinique 
and  in  Maracaibo.  Director  Taylor  of  Las 
Animas  Hospital,  Havana,  is  co-operating 
with  Dr.  Guiteras. 


CUBAN  LOTTERY 

The  resignation  of  Colonel  Federico  Men- 
dizabal,  director  of  the  lottery  of  Cuba,  has 
been  accepted  by  President  Menocal,  and 
General  Armando  Sanchez  Agramonte,  who 
was  the  Chief  of  Police  of  Havana,  is  to  be  the 
new  director.  Colonel  Julio  Sapguily  has  been 
appointed  Chief  of  Police  of  Havana. 

By  official  decree,  there  will  be  several 
changes  in  the  lotterj^  drawings,  beginning 
July  1.  The  number  of  tickets  in  each  draw- 
ing will  be  only  24,000,  and  the  big  prizes  will 
be  reduced  to  three,  one  for  $100,000,  o  le  for 
$30,000  and  one  for  $10,000. 


CUBAN  MILITIA 

The  25,000  militiamen  mustered  into  the 
service  when  Cuba  was  threatened  with  a 
revolution  recently  have  been  ordered  mus- 
tered out  by  the  CJieneral  Staff  of  the  Cuban 
Army. 


SUPREME  COURT 

President  Menocal  has  decreed  the  appoint- 
ment of  Dr.  Jose  Antolin  del  Cueto  y  Pazos  as 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Cuban  Supreme  Court, 
which  position  was  made  vacant  by  the  retire- 
ment of  C'hief  Justice  Jose  Antonio  Pichardo 
y  Marques  to  the  pension  list.  Dr.  Cueto  has 
been  a  lawyer  for  forty-five  years  and  pro- 
fessor in  colleges  and  universities  since  1882. 
In  the  case  of  the  State  vs.  Cuban  Ports 
Company,  Dr.  Cueto  acted  as  legal  adviser 
of  the  President  and  lawver  for  the  State. 


CAPITAL  PUNISHMENT 

The  Cuban  Senate  by  a  vote  of  17  to  1,  has 
approved  a  bill  abolishing  the  death  penalty 
in  Cuba.  The  measure  has  been  sent  to  the 
lower  house,  and  it  is  expected  that  it  will  be 
passed  there  without  delay.  It  is  believed  that 
the  bill  was  introduced  at  this  time  to  save  from 
possible  execution  a  number  of  the  army  of- 
ficers charged  with  sedition  and  rebellion,  now 
on  trial  at  Cabana  fortress. 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  AND  SHOE  PLANTS 

The  results  of  the  plant  that  the  govern- 
ment recently  installed  at  San  Ambrosio  to 
manufacture  all  necessary  uniforms  for  officers 
and  soldiers  in  the  army  has  been  so  satisfac- 
tory that  it  is  proposed  now  to  install  at  the 
same  place  a  printing  office  and  a  shoe  factory. 
The  machinery  for  the  printing  office  has  al- 
ready been  ordered  and  will  arrive  in  the  near 
future  and  the  shoe  factory  will  be  estab- 
lished later. 


SECRETARY  OF  JUSTICE 

It  is  reported  that  President  .Menocal  has 
accepted  the  resignation  of  Sr.  Christobal  de 
la  Guardia,  the  Cuban  Secretary  of  Justice. 
Dr.  P.  Desvernine,  the  Secretary  of  States, 
will  assume  the  duties  of  the  Secretary  of  Jus- 
tice until  President  .Menocal  names  his  new 
cabinet. 


ISABELA  DE  SAGUA 

The  Cuban  Central  Railway  has  sub- 
mitted to  the  Department  of  Public  Works  ex- 
tensive plans  for  great  docks  and  wharves  to 
be  constructed  at  Isabela  de  Sagua. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


HAVANA  CORRESPONDENCE 

H:iv:iiKi,  .Inly  (5,  1917. 

In  our  last  report  \vc  referred  to  the  rapid 
suburban  development  of  Havana.  The  same 
thing  holds  true  as  regards  the  business  dis- 
trict of  the  town,  there  being  a  mwnber  of 
new  buildings  in  course  of  construction  and 
others  planned. 

One  of  the  largest,  now  building,  is  the  new 
store  of  the  Frank  G  Robins  Co.,  dealers  in 
office  furniture,  typewriters  and  office  ac- 
cessories, at  Habana  and  Obispo  streets,  the 
building  being  about  half  completed,  and  that 
portion  now  being  occupied.  The  firm  of  J.  Z. 
Horter,  large  dealers  in  agricultural  imi)le- 
ments,  etc.,  has  nearly  completed  their  war(>- 
house  and  office  building  at  Obisjjoand  Officios 
streets.  It  is  reported  that  the  Royal  Bank 
of  Canada  has  sold  its  present  Havana  bank 
building  to  the  Havana  "liolsa"  or  Stock  Ex- 
change, and  that  the  bank  will  shortly  start 
erection  of  a  much  larger  building  at  Obrapia 
and  Aguiar  streets,  across  from  their  present 
location.  We  also  understand  the  Santa  Cata- 
lina  Convent,  occupying  an  entire  block  on 
0'.Reilly  street,  has  been  sold,  and  it  is  the 
intention  to  erect  a  large  commercial  building 
upon  the  site.  Among  industrial  concerns,  the 
plant  of  the  Cuba  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.  at  Puen- 
tes  Grandes  is  rapidly  nearing  completion,  we 
having  made  mention  of  this  company  in  a 
previous  report.  Also  a  large  warehouse  and 
office  building  is  being  built  for  Armour  A:  Co. 
on  Desamparados  street,  near  the  San  Jose 
warehouses,  which  will  be  finished  about  the 
end  of  the  year. 

Conditions  in  the  Eastern  provinces, 
caused  by  the  revolution  last  winter,  have 
practically  become  normal  again.  The  rail- 
roads have  effected  repairs  to  the  bridges  and 
tracks  which  were  destoyred  by  the  rebels, 
and  freight  and  pas.senger  traffic  is  now  being 
operated  to  all  points  without  interruption. 
Everything  taken  together,  business  in  general 
in  Cuba  may  be  considered  as  good,  and  sugar 
quotations  are  climbing  higher. 

The  trial  by  court  martial  of  the  Cuban 
army  officers  implicated  in  the  revolution, 
which  began  on  June  loth,  is  still  in  session. 
The  prosecuting  attornej'  has  asked  the  death 
penalty  for  a  number  of  the  leaders  and  long 
terms  of  imprisonment  for  others,  while  some 
will  be  acquitted.  As  the  Liberal  congress- 
men have  been  unable  to  pass  a  bill  granting 
amnesty  to  the  participants  of  this  revolution, 
they  are  now  endeavoring  to  pass  a  bill  abol- 
ishing capital  punishment. 


Havana  has,  since  our  last  report,  experi- 
enced another  strike;  which  took  effect  on 
.lune  19;  this  time  on  the  part  of  the  cartmen. 
This  was  caused  by  their  di.s.satisfact ion  with 
the  manner  in  which  shipments  destined  to  in- 
terior points,  were  accejjted  from  them  by  the 
railroad  company.  After  the  strike  had  been 
in  effect  a  few  days,  the  Government  placed 
jKjlicemen  on  the  carts  and  also  furnished  a 
large  number  of  trucks  belonging  to  the 
Government  and  the  municipality,  thus 
breaking  the  strike,  after  which  the  cartmen 
went  back  to  their  work. 

The  i)ineai)ple  shipi)ing  season,  usually  at 
its  height  during  the  months  of  May  and 
June,  is  now  over  for  the  present  croj),  the 
movement  amounting  to  approximately  950  - 
000  crates.  Generally  about  half  the  entire 
movement  goes  via  steamer  to  New  York, 
but  this  year,  the  stevedores  strike,  which  pre- 
vented the  exportation  of  pineapples  while  it 
lasted,  worked  a  great  hardship  on  the  steam- 
ship lines.  The  Cuban  All  Rail  Route,  how- 
ever, were  able  to  carry  their  northbound 
shipments  without  interruption,  due  to  the 
fact  that  they  brought  down  empty  American 
cars  to  be  loaded  with  pineapples  northbound 
in  addition  to  the  loaded  cars  which  were 
returned  them  after  being  discharged  here. 
Therefore,  the  ferry  carried  by  far  the  largest 
quantity  shipped  by  any  one  line. 

More  interest  than  ever  has  lately  been 
taken  in  the  development  of  the  growing  oil 
industry  in  Cuba,  and  new  companies  are 
being  formed.  The  Union  Oil  Co.  retains  its 
lead  in  the  matter  of  actual  production,  and 
this  has  been  greatly  increased  by  the  "shoot- 
ing" of  one  of  their  welLs.  Practically  their 
entire  output,  we  understand,  is  sold  to  the 
West  India  Oil  Refining  Co.  here,  but  they 
are  unable  to  secure  from  the  railroad  a  suf- 
ficient mmiber  of  tank  cars  to  handle  their 
shipments  promptly.  On  the  other  hand, 
there  is  a  bill  pending  in  Congress  to  remove 
the  duty  on  crude  oil,  but  it  is  yet  too  early  to 
say  whether  same  will  be  passed  and  be  ome 
a  law  or  not. 

As  Cuba  has  declared  herself  on  the  side 
of  the  Allies,  it  has  become  possible  for  Ameri- 
cans living  on  the  Island  to  organize  for  the 
purpose  of  aiding  their  home  country.  All 
Americans  living  in  Havana  liable  to  conscrip- 
tive  military  service  have  been  given  an  oppor- 
tunity to  register  at  the  United  States  Con- 
sulate-General here,  and  those  who  desire  to 
avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity  are  re- 
ceiving military  training  and  target  practice 


10 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


under  the  instruction  of  Cuban  army  officers, 
as  arranged  for  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Wit- 
temeyer,  the  American  military  attache  sta- 
tioned here. 

The  Havana  Chapter  of  the  American  Red 
Cross  has  recently  been  established,  and  a 
considerable  sum  of  money  was  raised  through 


securing  members  to  this  association  and  con- 
tributions towards  its  work.  Also  an  enter- 
tainment, which  was  a  great  success,  was 
given  in  one  of  the  Havana  threatres  on 
July  4th  as  a  benefit  to  the  .American  Red 
Cross. 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


INDEPENDENCE  DAY  IN  CUBA 

A  notable  patriotic  celebration  of  American 
Independence  Day  was  held  in  the  Campoa- 
inor  Theatre,  Havana,  on  the  Fourth  of  July, 
and  the  entire  proceeds  were  for  the  benefit  of 
the  American  Red  Cross. 

In  previous  years  the  observane  of  the 
Fourth  of  July  in  Cuba  has  been  restricted  to 
members  of  the  American  colony,  but  this  year, 
due  to  Cuba's  alliance  with  the  United  States 
in  the  Avar  against  Germany,  the  event  par- 
took of  unusual  importance.  The  festival  was 
attended  by  President  Menocal  of  Cuba,  Hon. 
William  E.  Gonzalez,  United  States  Minister 
to  Cuba,  officers  of  the  United  States  Navy 
and  many  other  Cubans  and  American  promi- 
nent in  public  life.  The  main  feature  of  the 
program  were  music  by  the  Municipal  Band, 
the  electric  display  of  the  mingled  coats-of- 
arms  of  the  United  States  and  Cuba,  a  series 
of  tableaus  depicting  the  work  of  the  Red 
Cross  on  European  battlefields,  the  un- 
furling from  the  stage  of  the  flags  of  the  En- 
tente Allies,  and  the  singing  of  patriotic 
songs  of  both  republics. 

The  entertainment  was  attended  by  more 
than  3,000  persons  and  was  a  great  success. 


PENSIONS 


In  order  to  make  up  the  deficit  in  the  miu;ii  i- 
pal  budget  of  the  City  of  Havana  for  the 
next  fiscal  year,  the  city  council  proposes  to 
cancel  all  pensions  and  subsidies  now  existing. 
About  189,000  will  be  saved  in  this  manner. 
There  are  many  students  in  foreign  countries 
whose  education  is  paid  for  by  the  city  of 
Havana  and  they  will  be  left  without  re- 
sources to  follow  their  studies. 


MARIEL 


The  Department  of  Sanitation  has  named 
Dr.  Francisco  J.  Velez  as  health  chief  of  the 
station  of  Mariel. 


CAPT.  JOHN  O'BRIEN. 

Capt.  John  O'Brien,  known  to  soldiers  and 
sailors  throughout  the  world  as  "Dynamite 
Johnny,"  died  at  the  age  of  80  in  New  York 
City,  on  June  21.  The  funeral  was  held  in 
New  York  on  June  26  and  among  the  mourn- 
ers were  officials  of  the  Cuban  Government, 
delegations  from  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
Spanish-American  war  veterans  and  members 
of  the  New  York  anil  New  Jersey  Pilot  Asso- 
ciation. The  solid  bronze  coffin,  given  by 
the  Cuban  Government,  was  covered  with  the 
Stars  and  Stripes.  A  large  wreath  of  red  car- 
nations and  white  lillies,  bearing  the  inscrip- 
tion "La  Republica  de  Cuba,"  was  sent  in  the 
name  of  President  .Menocal  of  Cuba.  The 
obituary  rites  of  the  Free  .Masons  were  con- 
ducted by  Excelsior  Lodge. 

Capt.  O'Brien  was  born  in  1837  in  the  old 
drydock  section  of  New  York.  In  his  boy- 
hood days  he  showed  great  love  of  adventure 
and  at  the  age  of  13  he  ran  away  from  home. 
During  the  Civil  War,  Capt.  O'Brien  shipped 
as  mate  and  sailing  master  of  the  Deer,  a 
schooner  which  carried  munitions  of  war  to 
the  Confederates.  In  1871  he  joined  the  Hell 
Gate  Pilot's  Association,  and  it  was  during 
his  days  as  pilot  that  he  earned  the  name  of 
"Daredevil  Johnny."'  Capt.  O'Brien  was 
famous  as  a  filibuster.  His  first  filibustering 
expedition  was  in  1885,  when  he  delivered 
arms  and  ammunition  to  the  revolutionists  of 
Colombia.  Three  years  later,  during  the 
Cuban  insurrection,  he  made  his  most  famous 
filibustering  trip  to  Cuba,  and  it  was  at  this 
time  that  he  earned  the  title  of  "Dynamite 
Johnny."  Capt.  O'Brien  commanded  the 
schooner  RambUr,  with  a  cargo  of  60  tons  of 
dynamite  from  New  York  for  Cuba.  In  the 
days  before  the  explosive  had  been  denatured, 
it  could  not  be  handled  Avith  impunity.  A 
fearful  storm  overtook  the  Bambler  and  the 
cargo  of  dynamite  jarred  loose  and  began  to 
roll  with  the  vessel.     The  Captain  was  the 


T  11  ]•:     C  U  B  A     R  i:  V  I  I',  w 


11 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


only  })ers(m  on  liicml  the  sliip  wlm  knew  of 
what  the  carKo  c jnsistcd,  and  realizinsj;  the 
peril  that  he  and  the  shijj's  crew  were  in.  he 
went  below  and  siiiiile-handcd,  secured  tlie 
sliding  boxes  of  dyn:uuite.  The  lininlilci 
reached  Colon  twelve  d;iys  after  leaving  \e\v 
York. 

Other  revolutii)n<  in  which  C'a))t.  O'Brien 
served  in  transportin";  aninmnition  and  re- 
cruits were  the  war  in  Haiti  in  18Si)  and  the 
10  years  war  in  Cul)a.  He  is  said  to  have 
commanded  a  submarine  for  the  Japanese 
during  the  Russo-Japanese  war.  Of  late 
years  he  had  been  the  official  pilot  in  Havana. 
He  came  to  New  York  from  Cuba  in  the 
Winter  of  1916. 

DR.  JOSE    GONZALEZ  LANUZA 

Dr.  Juse  Gonzale',  Lanuza,  Cuban  i)atriot 
and  attorney,  died  at  this  home  in  Havana  on 
June  26th.  Dr.  Lanuza  was  a  member  of  the 
Cuban  House  of  Representatives  and  former 
Chief  of  the  Conservative  Party.  During  the 
revolution,  he  served  his  country  well,  gaining 
the  rank  of  General  and  Attorney  General.  At 
the  end  of  the  revolution,  he  began  the  practice 
of  law  in  the  citj'  of  Havana,  and  with  his 
partner,  Dr.  Desvernine,  now  Secretary  of 
State,  built  uj)  one  of  the  largest  law  prac- 
tices in  Cuba,  known  as  the  firm  of  Gonzalez 
Lanuza  <fe  Desvernine. 

The  funeral  wa.s  held  in  Havana  on  June 
28  and  was  an  imposing  one.  It  was  attend- 
ed by  the  Vice-President,  members  of  the 
Cabinet,  many  senators,  representatives,  and 
men  prominent  in  public  and  civil  life. 


MATANZAS 


A  bill  was  recently  introduced  in  the  Cuban 
Congress  which  provides  for  the  paving  of 
Matanzas.  It  is  reported  that  the  streets  in 
that  city  are  in  a  bad  condition,  and  it  is  ex- 
pected that  the  needed  rei)airs  will  be  prompt- 
Iv  authorized. 


CARDENAS  ELECTRIC  PLANT 

It  is  reported  that  the  Cardenas  electric 
plant  has  been  sold  to  the  Cardenas  Electrical 
Company  for  the  sum  of  $590,000.  This 
Company  is  a  new  organization  and  Sr.  Laur- 
eano  Fall  Gutierrez  has  been  ai)pointed  Presi- 
dent and  Sr.  Juan  Castro,  General  .Manager. 


CUBAN   PORTS  COMPANY  BONDS 

President  Menoeal  re(!ently  sent  a  message 
to  the  Cuban  Congress  urging  the  passage  of  a 
law  authorizing  an  indemnity  for  the  pur- 
chasers of  the  bonds  of  the  Cuban  Ports  Com- 
pany. These  l)on  Is  were  i.ssued  imder  a  con- 
cession granted  by  the  (lomez  administration, 
for  sanitation  work  in  Cuban  i)orts.  President 
Menoeal  vetoed  the  act  as  illegal  on  as.suming 
office.  The  bonds  were  sold  for  the  most  jiart 
in  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  and 
the  American  and  British  governments  are 
repor;ed  to  have  urged  indemnification  of  the 
purcha.sers.  The  President's  message  said 
settlement  of  this  affair  woul  1  avoid  interna- 
tional friction  and  contribute  much  to  rapid 
flotation  of  Cuba's  .S30,000,00l)  bon  1  i.ssue  for 
war  purposes. 

AMERICAN    RED  CROSS 

The  National  Headquarters  of  the  Ameri- 
can Red  Cross  has  authorized  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  chajiter  in  the  city  of  Havana.  The 
object  of  this  chapter  will  be  to  obtain  as 
many  members  for  the  American  Red  Cross 
as  possible.  June  18th  to  June  2.3th  is  the 
time  set  aside  to  accomplish  this  end,  and  it 
is  hoped  that  many  will  join  in  hel])ing  the 
Hav^ana  chapter  to  gain  its  full  share  of  mem- 
ber.^hi]). 


RESEARCH  WORK 

The  Division  of  Research  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Comm.erce  at  \^'ashington.  among 
other  studies,  has  m.ade  a  special  investiga- 
tion of  the  ini.ports  of  iron  and  steel  in  Cuba 
and  the  countries  of  origin,  for  the  fiscal  years 
of  1915  and  191»). 


FIBER  CEMENT  TILES 

By  a  presidential  resolution  of  Januaiy  26, 
1917,  the  classification  of  plain  roofing  tiles  of 
fiber  cement  imported  into  Cuba  is  changed 
from  Tariff  No.  2A,  which  specifies  slabs, 
plates  and  steps  of  artifical  stone,  to  No.lS, 
which  includes  unglazed  roofing  tiles  of  clay 
for  building  puri)oses.  Under  the  new  classi- 
fication such  tiles  imported  from  the  United 
States  will  be  .subject  to  a  duty  of  $1.20  per 
100  square  feet,  as  compared  with  the  former 
rate  of  $0.50  per  100  kilos  (.$0,226  per  100 
poundsj . 


12 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


CITRUS   AND    OTHER    FRUITS 

Many  varieties  of  citrus  fruits  are  indigenous  to  Cuba.  The  great,  beautiful,  glossy  leafed 
trees  of  the  sour  and  of  the  bitter  orange,  are  found  growing  wild  in  almost  every  forest  of  the 
Island.  The  lime,  also,  is  found  in  more  or  less  abundance,  scattered  over  rocky  hillsides,  its 
beautiful,  smooth  lemon-like  fruit  going  to  waste  for  lack  of  transportation  to  markets.  Al- 
most ever>-^vhere  in  Cuba  are  found  a  few  orange  trees,  whose  fruit  is  gathered  for  home  con- 
sumption, but  only  with  the  coming  of  Americans  has  the  growing  of  citrus  fruit  been  under- 
taken as  a  commercial  industry. 


Tangerines,    Three   Years   Old. 


Homeseekers  from  Florida  found  the  native  oranges  of  the  Island,  all  of  which  are  called 
"Chinas"  or  Chinese  oranges  to  distinguish  them  from  the  wild  oranges  of  the  woods,  to  be  of 
peculiar  sweetness,  and  superior  quality  to  those  grown  either  in  Florida  or  California.  The  rich 
soils,  requiring  comparatively  little  fertilizer,  were  very  promising,  and  with  the  beginning  of 
the  First  Intervention,  large  tracts  were  planted  by  American  colonies  in  every  province  of 
Cuba.  Some  of  these,  as  in  the  Bahia  Honda  district,  fifty  miles  west  of  Havana,  cover  hundreds 
of  acres  within  one  single  enclosure. 

It  has  been  found  that  the  earliest  possible  varieties  of  oranges,  together  with  the  latest 
grown,  command  always  good  prices  in  the  American  markets;  more  than  all,  that  these,  es- 
pecially the  Valencias  and  Washington  Navels,  will  stand  shipment  to  Eurojic  and  other  dis- 
tant markets. 

Within  a  radius  of  fifty  miles  of  the  city  of  Havana,  many  beautiful  groves  are  today  in 
bearing,  whose  crops  are  sold  advantageously  in  the  markets  of  the  capital,  to  which  they  are 
transported  in  large  vans  and  automobile  trucks.  This  fruit  brings  in  the  local  market  from 
$6  to  $15  per  thousand,  and  yields  a  very  satisfactory  return  to  those  who  planted  groves  a 
few  years  ago. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


13 


•      > 


Lemon   Trees. 

The  cultivation  of  grape  fruit,  not  only  in  Cuba  but  in  that  section  of  Havana  Province 
known  as  the  Isle  of  Pines,  has  been  very  successful  as  far  as  the  production  of  a  high  grade  fruit 
is  concerned.  The  trees  are  prolific  and  the  crop  never  fails.  Unfortunately,  grape  fruit  shipped 
from  Cuba  to  the  United  Stated  has  not  always  found  a  profitable  market,  and  there  have  been 
seasons  when  the  crop  became  an  absolute  loss,  since  the  demand  abroad  was  not  .sufficient  to 
pay  for  transportation  to  northern  markets.  As  the  taste  for  grape  fruit  grows,  it  is  possibl 
That  this  occasional  glutting  of  the  market  may  become  a  thing  of  the  past,  but  at  the  present 
time  many  of  the  groves  of  grape  fruit  in  Cuba  are  being  budded  with  oranges,  this  is  true  also 
of  the  lemon  trees. 

There  are  over  20,000  acres  today  in  this  Republic  on  which  citrus  fruit  is  grown.  The  total 
value  of  the  estates  is  estimated  at  about  fifteen  million  dollars,  but  with  each  jear  it  becomes 
more  apparent  that  the  ara  of  profitable  citrus  fruit  culture  will  be  limited  to  a  radias  within 
not  more  than  100  miles  from  some  port  whence  frequent  and  regular  shipments  can  be  made 
to  the  United  States.  This  is  an  essential  feature  in  the  citrus  fruit  industry.  Its  disregard 
means  failure. 

PINEAPPLES 

Pineapples  have  been  grown  in  Cuba  for  export  since  the  beginning  of  the  First  Interven- 
tion, and  to  some  extent  even  before.  In  point  of  money  value,  the  industry  ranks  next  to  that 
of  the  citrus  fruit.  Although  up  to  the  present  time  most  of  the  pineapples  intended  for  export 
are  grown  within  fifty  miles  of  the  city  of  Havana,  over  a  million  crates  are  annually  shipped 
to  the  United  States. 

Pineapples  may  be  grown  on  any  rich  soil  in  Cuba  and  are  considered  one  of  our  staple 
crops.  The  slips,  or  offshoots  from  the  parent  plant,  are  set  out  in  long  ridges  some  four  feet 
apart  with  intervening  spaces  averaging  a  foot.  These  produce  fruit  in  one  j'ear  from  planting 
and  from  each  original  stalk  an  average  of  six  suckers  may  be  taken  for  planting  in  other  beds, 
so  that  with  a  very  small  start  the  acreage  may  be  easilj'  increasod  five  or  six  fold  each  year. 


14 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


r^laniey    Culoiacio 


About  8,000  plants  are  considered  sufficient  for  an  acre  of  ground;  the  cost  of  same  when  pur- 
chased averages  about  $30  per  acre,  while  the  preparation  of  the  land  for  pineapple  culture  will 
amount  to  somewhat  more.  The  returns,  under  favorable  cirumstances,  will  vary  from  $75  to 
$100.  The  average  net  profit  from  pineapples  grown  near  Artemisa  and  Campo  Florido  is  said 
to  be  about  $50  per  acre.  The  high  price  of  sugar,  since  the  beginning  of  the  European  war, 
however,  has  caused  much  of  the  former  pineapple  acreage  to  be  converted  into  cane  fields. 

The  profit  derived  from  pineapple  culture,  as  in  all  fruits  or  vegetables  of  a  perishable 
nature,  depends  very  largely  upon  the  shipping  facilities  of  the  locality  selected.  Pineapples 
cannot  long  be  held  on  the  wharf  waiting  for  either  trains  or  steamers. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  daily  ferry  line,  recently  established  be- 
tween Key  West  and  Havana  has  been  very  beneficial  to  shippers.  On?  grower  informed  this 
Bureau  that  his  profits  had  increased  forty  per  cent  as  a  direct  result  of  the  opportunity  to  load 
freight  cars  on  his  fields,  whence  they  could  be  shipped  to  any  city  in  the  United  States  without 
Ijrcaking  bulk. 

The  red  Si)anish,  owing  to  it  excellent  shipping  qualities,  is  preferred  to  all  others  for  export, 
although  many  other  varieties  such  as  the  "pina  blanca"  or  sugar  loaf ,  which  will  not  stand 
shipment  abroad,  are  used  for  local  consumption  and  bring  an  average  price  of  ten  cents  retail 
throughout  the  vear. 

MANGOS 

One  of  the  most  abundant  and  delicious  fruits  in  Cuba,  is  the  niango,  which  is  found 
growing  wild  in  the  forests,  especially  in  the  hills  of  Bahia  Honda,  as  well  as  in  almost  every 
yard  or  meadow  of  the  Island.  Both  tree  and  fruit  resemble  the  peach  in  some  respects,  although 
the  mango  grows  much  larger,  frequently  attaining  a  height  of  50  or  CO  ft.,  furnishing  grateful 
shade  for  stock.  The  leaves  are  long,  dark  green,  and  glossy.  The  fruit  is  slightly  pear-shaped. 


r  II  !•:   CUBA   RE  V  1 1:  w 


Affuacate; 


KgK    ]>l;ui!. 

smooth  of  skin,  and  beautifully  colored  in  varying;  tints  of  yellow,  n>d,  and  russet-hrown.  It  is 
very  juicy  and  resembles  somewhat  a  ripe  clingstone  peach. 

Owing  to  its  delicacy  but  few  have  been  shipped  to  foreign  markets,  although  with  sufficient 
care  in  packing,  it  is  quite  probable  that  exportation  would  prove  successful.  The  fruit  comes 
into  bearing  during  the  month  of  April  and  continues  into  September. 

The  mango  at  the  present  time  is  being  greatly  improved  through  grafting  choice  varieties 
brought  from  India  and  different  parts  of  the  world  onto  the  native  Cuban  stock.  The  Mulgoba 


16 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


Date    Bananas. 


round  in  shape,  of  delicious  flavor  and  without  the  objectional  shred  of  the  native  fruit,  sells  in 
the  local  markets  of  Havana,  together  with  the  Chinese,  at  from  25.^.  to  50c.  each. 

VEGETABLE  GROWING 

With  the  advent  of  the  American  colonies  in  1900,  truck  gardening  sprang  rapidly  into 
prominence,  until  today,  it  forms  quite  an  important  part  of  the  small-farmer's  revenue.  Most 
of  the  well-known  vegetables  of  the  United  States  are  grown  here,  not  only  for  the  local  markets, 
but  for  shipment  abroad.  They  are  usually  planted  at  the  close  of  the  rainy  season  in  October 
or  November  and  are  brought  to  maturity  in  time  to  reach  the  North  during  the  winter  and 
early  spring,  when  high  prices  prevail. 

Those  vegetables  from  which  the  best  results  have  been  obtained  are  sweet  peppers,  lima 
beans,  okra,  white  squash,  tomatoes,  egg-plants,  string  beans  and  early  potatoes. 

The  above  mentioned  vegetables  may  be  grown  in  the  rich  soils  of  any  part  of  the  Island, 
but  are  seldom  profitable  when  not  cultivated  close  to  railroads,  or  within  a  radius  of  100  miles 
of  Havana,  whence  steamship  lines  have  daily  sailings  to  ports  in  the  United  States.  Profits 
depend  on  location,  soil,  water  supply,  intelligent  cultivation  and  success  in  reaching  markets 
in  which  there  is  a  demand  for  the  product. 

W^ith  irrigation,  which  insures  absolute  control  of  the  crop,  these  profits  may  run  an3rwhere 
from  $100  to  $400  or  even  $500  per  acre;  the  latter  figure  of  course  being  an  exception  which 
occurs  only  when  all  the  many  conditions  necessary  to  vegetable  growing  happen  to  be  favor- 
able. 

GRAPES 

In  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  grape  is  indigenous  to  Cuba,  prohibitory  laws  on  the  part  of 
Spain  during  the  regime  of  that  monarchy  forbade  the  culture  of  grapes  outside  of  the  Peninsula, 
and  vine  culture  in  this  Island  had  no  opportunity  to  thrive.  And  yet  the  few  that  are  planted 
in  gardens  and  on  hillsides,  have  produced  as  fine  fruit  as  can  be  found  in  any  part  of  either 
Europe  or  America.  There  is  no  reason  why  many  of  the  high  mountainous  districts  of  this 
country  should  not  be  converted  into  immense  vineyards. 

With  the  influx  of  Americans  and  Canary  Islanders  familiar  with  grape  culture,  it  is  quite 
probable  that  the  industry  will  soon  assume  an  important  place  among  horticultural  products. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


17 


Arroyo   Arenas    Bridge. 


PROPOSED    PUBLIC    WORKS    AND    HIGHWAY 
IMPROVEMENTS 


The  Department  of  Public  Works  spends  yearly  an  average  sum  of  about  $8,000,000  in  new- 
works,  not  including  the  expenses  of  administration  in  the  general  budget.  Large  expenditures 
were  made  by  the  Bureau  of  Water  Supply,  Sewers  and  Municipal  Engineering  from  1911  to 
1914  in  carrying  out  the  Havana  sewer  and  paving  contract,  an  undertaking  that  was  finished 
in  1915.  This  work,  with  the  important  additions  authorized  subsequent  to  letting  the  contract, 
cost  about  .$17,000,000. 

A  great  many  works  have  been  planned  for  the  near  future  by  the  Bureau  of  Highways 
and  will  be  begun  when  funds  are  authorized  by  Congress.  Among  them  the  most  important 
is  a  general  plan  of  highways  connecting  all  the  important  cities  in  Cuba  and  formed  mainly 
by  three  highways,  one  along  the  central  part  of  the  island,  one  connecting  cities  on  the  north 
coast,  and  the  other  along  the  south  coast.  As  a  great  many  of  these  cities  are  already  con- 
nected, only  sections  of  the  highways  will  have  to  be  built  in  order  to  complete  the  system. 
The  plans  provide  for  the  connection  of  the  three  main  highways  by  roads  running  across  the 
island,  and  in  many  cases  such  connections  have  already  been  made. 

The  length  of  the  highways  to  be  built  to  complete  this  general  plan  is  about  3,700  kilo- 
meters (2,300  miles),  and  the  work  will  cost  about  $44,000,000. 

The  work  of  the  important  Bureau  of  Water  Supply,  Sewers,  and  Municipal  Engineering 
will  be  increased  more  and  more  every  year.  Large  appropriations  have  been  asked  from  Con- 
gress in  order  to  complete  and  extend  the  work  on  sewers  and  pavements  in  Havana  to  new 
sections  of  the  city,  to  complete  and  enlarge  the  aqueducts  of  Santiago,  Pinar  del  Rio  and 
Camaguey,  and  for  many  other  public  improvements.  The  necessary  appropriations  for  carry- 
ing on  these  works  have  been  made  regularly,  and  it  is  expected  that  they  will  be  concluded  in 
due  course. 


18 


T  IJ  ]■;     CUBA     U  E  VIEW 


Road    from    MataTizas    to    th{»    Pfllaniar   Caves 


Road  from   Matanzas   to    Madruga 


THE     CUBA     R  E  \-  I  E  W 


19 


Road   from   Havarui  to  Santiago  de  las  Vegas- 

and    Bridge 


-Basin   of  the  Albear  Canal 


Three  large  jobs  are  being  finished  by  this  bureau  at  present  with  the  appropriations  al- 
ready granted.  These  are  the  aqueduct  of  Hanta  Clara,  at  a  cost  of  $7.50,000;  the  paving  of  the 
city  of  Cienfuegos,  at  a  cost  of  about  $2,000,000;  and  the  Poque  Drainage  Canal,  at  a  cost  of 
$5,000,000.  Of  these  works,  the  aqueduct  of  Santa  Clara  is  about  fifty  per  cent  finished;  the 
paving  of  Cienfuegos  has  just  been  commenced  under  a  contract  by  which  the  aqueduct  has 
been  given  to  the  contractors  for  a  period  of  thirty  nine  years  in  payment;  and  the  El  Roque 
Canal  is  about  seventy  per  cent  finished,  and  has  already  cost  about  $3,500,000. 

An  aqueduct  is  also  being  built  for  the  town  of  Guines,  in  the  Province  o{  Habana,  at  a 
cast  of  $2.50,000,  and  thirty  psr  cant  of  the  work  is  now  finishsd.  Another  aqu3duct  is  being 
built  for  the  town  of  San  Luis,  in  the  Province  of  Oriente,  at  a  cost  of  $10.3,000,  and  thirty 
per  cent  of  this  work  also  is  already  completed.  Some  other  minor  works  that  will  cost  about 
:  653,000  are  contemplated,  and  of  this  total  Congress  has  already  appropriated  $300,000. 
.Mimicipalities  and  private  corporations  are  also  doing  considerable  work  of  this  nature,  es- 
pecially in  the  construction  of  aqueducts. 

A  general  plan  has  been  adopted  for  extending  the  lighting  of  the  shores  of  the  island,  sub- 
ject to  appropriations  from  Congress,  including  the  construction  of  thirteen  new  lighthouses  at 
a  cost  of  about  $1,495,000.  The  39  lighthouses  in  Cuba  at  present  have  a  total  value  of  $2,- 
010,000. 

Pending  a  resolution  regarding  the  contract  for  dredging  all  {)()rts  of  the  i-^land,  the  (tov- 
ernment  has  in  contemplation  works  of  improvement  the  cost  of  which  will  amount  to  about 
^  27,),()()(). 

Several  projects  are  about  to  be  carried  out  in  Havana  antl  in  cities  and  towns  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  islarcl  by  the  Department  of  Public  Works.  These  will  include  work  on  the  National 
Capitol,  the  Presidential  Palace,  a  model  prison,  the  university  buildings,  monuments  in 
Havana,  and  hospitals,  courthouses,  etc.,  in  several  Provinces. 

In  a  decree  published  in  September,  1916,  the  President  of  the  Republic  apportioned  the 
sum  of  .¥3.58,000  for  improvements  in  the  jxistal,  telegraph,  and  telephone  service,  including  the 
installation  of  generators  to  replace  the  chemical  batteries  at  present  in  use,  structural  modifi- 
cations in  the  central  station,  underground  electrical  conduits,  and  the  construction  of  new 
telegraph  and  telephone  lines. 


20  THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

The  report  of  the  Cuba  Railroad  for  the  month  of  April  and  for  ten  months  ended  April 
30th,  compare  as  follows: 

1917           191G           1915           1914  1913           1912  1911 

at                      <it                       i2?                      €;  <t                       *Jt  ^ 

3&                      •&                      •IP                      -IP  'IP                       'IP  'JP 

April  gross 520,584     777,659     545,701      544,871  450,659      393,723  301,182 

Expenses 319,037     317,388     227,481      260,174  231,602      181,575  151,267 


April  net 201,546  460,271      318,219      284.697      219,047      215,148      149,915 

Other  income 836       

Net  income 202,383      460,271        

Charges 94,758  87,554       72,308       71,566       66,791        67,624        60,125 


April  surpli^ 107,624     372,716     245,911      213,130      152,256     147,523        89,790 

Ten  months'  gross...  .    5,082,617  5,530,581  4,208,266  4,270,486  3,785,812  3,119,580  2,529,189 

Net  profits 1,403,844  2,850,932  2,136,833  2,072,757  1,757,484  1,493,429     1,133,538 

Other  income 10,201         6,108       

Fixed  charges 918,261     803,219     709,238     677,474     667,638     623,749      459,050 


Ten  months'  surplus .      495,784  2,053,821  1,427,594  1,395,282  1,089,845       869,680      674,488 


The  report  of   the    Cuba   Raihoad    for   the   month    of   May    and   for  eleven  months 
ended  May  31,  1917,  compares  as  follows: 

1917           1916  1915  1914  1913  1912  1911 

$<f  <!l  <£  <6  ft  •? 

.p  45  if  •II  "IP  •!!> 

May  gross 562,968     681 003  540,877  462,000  447,127  380,854  267  506 

Expenses 413,830     332,317  207,919  240  788  208,436  187,093  148,714 


May  net 149,138  348,685     332,957     221,212     238,690     193,761       113,792 

Other  income 994       

Net  income 150,132     348,685     332,957       

Charges 94,352  87,554       72,308       71,566       66,791        67,624        60,125 

May  surplus 55,780  261,131     260,649      149,646      171,898      126,136        58,667 


Eleven  months'  gross.  5,645,586  6,211,584  4,749,143  4,732,487  4,232,939  3,500,434  2,796,695 

Net  profits 1,552,982  3,199,617  2,469,791  2,293,970  1,996,174  1,687,190  1,252,330 

Other  income 11.195         6,108   

Fixed  charges 1,012,613     890,773      781,547     749,041      734,430     691,373      519,175 


Eleven  mos.  surplus. .       551,565  2,314,953  1,688,244  1,544,928  1,261,744     995,816     733,155 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Wkekly  receipts:                            1917  1916         1915         1914  1913         1912  1911 

£  ££££££ 

Week  ending  May  26th. .. .           52,717  38,578     41,564     21,973  30,513     28,090  17,076 

Week  ending  June  2d 45,078  34,756     34,326     20,975  26,898     22,522  17,372 

Week  ending  June  9th 36,003  32,822     29,356     21,070  22,237      18,370  15,255 

Week  ending  June  16th. ..  .           34,581  29,829      24,596     20,788  20,985      19,158  16,107 


T  H  E     C  U  B  A     R  K  V  1  K  W  21 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

19i:i         1914  HM.J  l!)l(i  1917 

Weckli/rcnipis:                                                              Z              £  £  £  £ 

Week  ending  iM ay  2()tli 9,935       7,287  7,141  5,389  7,064 

Week  ending  .June  2d 11,  KK)       0,552  5,824  5,473  5,767 

Week  ending  June  9th 8,273        7,278  7,100  4,865  5,797 

Week  ending  June  16th 7,393       6,166  5,941  5  030  5,81 1 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAYS 

1917         191(1  1915  1914  1913 

Weekitj  receipts.                                                                   £               £  £  £  £ 

Week  ending  May  26th 24,282      15,182  17,689  9,524  13,313 

Week  ending  June  2d 22,538      12,857  16,063  8,378  10,282 

Week  ending  June  9th 17,167      12,110  11,653  8,849  8.356 

Week  ending  June  16 15,380      11,532  8,579  7  478  6,954 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

1917  11916  1915 

M ON  III  oj  May.  $  $  $ 

Cross  earnings 564,237  498,275  478,732 

Operating  expenses 252,894  185,634  193,138 

Net  earnings 311,343  312,641  285,594 

JMiscellaneous  income 6,361  9,136  4,937 

Total  net  income 317,704  321,777  290,531 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 183,217  191,271  177,798 

Five  Months  to  May  31. 

Gross  earnings 2,696,060  2,417,062  2,303,205 

Operating  expenses 1,161,292  934,014  942,597 

Net  earnings 1,534,768  1,483,048  1,360,608 

Miscellaneous  income 53,987  55,810  39,610 

Total  net  income 1,588,755  1,538,858  1,400,218 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 915,136  912,911  853,646 


CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


INTERNATIONAL    BREWING    COMPANY 

(STOCK    COMPANY! 

REPORT   OF   THE  BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS,  LAID  BEFORE  THE  STOCK- 
HOLDERS GENERAL  MEETING  CALLED.  ON  THE  23rd   OF  APRIL,   1917 


INTERNATIONAL  BREWING  COMPANY  {Stock  Company) 
To  the  Slockholders:  Havana,  Ciiha. 

The  Board  of  Directors  fulfils  with  pleasure  the  duty  of  giving  account  to  the  Stock- 
holders General  meeting  of  the  business  and  standing  of  the  company  during  the  period 
comprised  from  the  1st  of  April  to  this  day,  the  31st  of  December  of  1916,  to  which  the  accom- 
panying balance  sheet  refers,  and  which  comprises  only  the  said  nine  months,  as  the  previous 
one  was  passed  on  the  31st  of  March  of  this  same  year. 

As  can  be  seen  by  said  balance  sheet,  the  raw  materials  and  merchandise  in  existence 
amount  to  $193,530.21;  the  cash  in  hand  to  $81,757.06,  and  the  drafts  and  bonds  to  collect  to 


22  THECUBAREVIEW 


$62,753.49,  which  amounts  to  a  total  of  $;i38,0-K).7t),  whifh,  adled  to  the  $392,906.28  of  re- 
ceivables assets  on  the  account  sales  amount  to  $730,947.04,  that  is,  an  increase  of  $81,456.99 
in  relation  to  same  entries  apportioned  in  the  previous  report;  likewise  the  value  of  live  stock, 
wagons,  utensils,  etc.,  having  increased  from  the  previous  report,  which  was  $112,694.21,  to 
$164,002.23. 

The  continuation  of  imjirovements  and  enlargements  of  our  Brewery  and  Ice  Factory, 
started  during  the  period  comprised  by  the  previous  report  referred  to,  and  other  necessary 
improvements  including  the  materials  and  malt  in  existence  to-day,  represent  an  investment  of 
$323,164.64  during  the  nine  months,  of  which  $91,173.83  belong  to  the  improvements  on  the 
grounds,  enlargements  of  the  factory  building,  improvements  in  the  restaurant,  small  houses 
for  the  chemicals,  canteen,  and  the  construction  of  new  shops,  sanitary  service,  coal  houses, 
stables  and  houses  for  the  storage  of  hay  and  barrels;  $114,092.28  to  machinery,  comprising 
therein  the  buying  and  installation  of  new  beer  tanks,  the  new  ice  plant,  the  system  for  the 
purifying  of  water,  three  boilers  and  new  pieces  of  machinery;  $4,835.42  to  the  buying  of  motor 
trucks  and  to  the  making  of  new  wagons  for  the  ice  and  beer;  $9,382.65  to  the  acquisition  of 
live  stock  and  harnesses;  to-day  we  have  one  hundred  and  forty  mules  instead  of  sixty  mules 
~we  had  formerly,  and  we  have  to  increase  that  number  because  the  growing  increase  in  the 
product  to  be  transported  requires  it;  and  the  rest  up  to  the  $323,164.64  to  kegs,  new  refriger- 
ators, furniture  and  utensils,  including  the  malt  and  materials  in  hand  mentioned  above.  And 
lastly,  in  addition  to  having  increased  considerably  the  sale  of  our  product,  exceeding  our  own 
calculations,  we  have  taken  in,  in  the  nine  months  referred  to  in  this  report,  $204,362.42  more 
than  in  the  same  months  of  the  previous  year. 

All  this  will  prove  to  the  stockholders  that  the  eagerness  shown  by  this  Board  of  Directors 
toward  the  development  and  prospei"ity  of  the  Company  has  given  the  results  expected. 

Our  brewery  and  ice  factory,  with  the  improvements  and  enlargements  accomplished  there- 
in, and  those  we  will  undertake  in  order  to  have  it  completed  next  year,  can  be  considered  as  a 
model  in  its  class;  even  to-day,  by  its  installation,  it  causes  that  impression  to  those  that  visit 
this  plant,  and  its  product  is  entirely  accepted  by  the  public,  as  shown  by  the  necessity  of 
making  some  of  the  enlargements  in  order  to  be  able  to  increase  the  production  to  attend  to  the 
demand  of  the  market. 

Now  in  regard  to  the  liabilities  of  the  company:  its  consolidated  debt  amounts  to  $1,500,- 
000  for  the  issue  of  bonds  of  the  First  Series  in  force  to-day,  having  in  the  company's  treasury, 
the  rest  up  to  $2,000,000,  that  is  to  say,  $500,000;  we  expect  that  with  those  bonds  and  the  pro- 
duction of  next  year  we  will  be  able  to  pay  all  the  other  debts  of  the  balance's  liabilities,  the 
major  part  of  which  has  been  incurred  on  account  of  the  enlargements  and  improvements 
made  in  the  factory  and  by  taking  care  of  those  that  have  to  be  made. 

The  balance  referred  to  in  this  report  has  been  approved,  after  having  been  minutely 
analyzed  and  verified  by  the  examination  of  all  the  accoimts  and  its  vouchers,  by  .Messrs. 
Deloitte,  Plender,  tJriffiths  &  Co.,  of  London,  accountants  of  reputation,  who  perform  that 
kind  of  work  for  large  concerns  throughout  the  world,  amongst  them  in  Havana,  for  the  United 
Railways  of  Havana  and  the  Havana  Electric  Railway  Light  &  Power  Company,  by  which  we 
can  be  sure  that  said  balance  means  the  true  condition  of  the  company. 

We  think  that  the  stockholders  will  be  satisfied  with  the  success  obtained  so  far  in  the 
enterprise,  this  Board  of  Directors  trusting  that  it  shall  be  much  better  in  the  future,  and  that 
very  soon  we  will  be  able  to  declare  dividends  on  the  shares  regularly. 

Habana,  December  31,  1916. 

General  Balance  taken  on  the  Slst  day  oj  Deee)nher  oj   1916. 

ASSETS 

Properties $2,432,682.41 

Live  stock,  wagons,  utensils,  etc 164,002.23 

Cash  in  hand 81,757.06 

Drafts  and  collectable  bonds 62,753.49 

Raw  materials  and  merchandise  in  <  xistence 193,530.21 

Divers  debtors 392,906.28 

Securities  advanced 7,455.53 


T  li  E    CUB  A    11  !•:  \  I  !•:  w 


-'3 


Deposits 

Invest int  lit s  in  otlu-r  coniijaniei 


(•).<).")i.or. 
•20l.:{») 


'r«t;il s;:i:U2.2:i9.63 

LIABILITIES 

Ca])ir;il s  1  ,•_>.-)().()()().()() 

r,.(»()0  shares  prefcircd  slock  at  *!()()  each oOO.OOO.OO 

7,r)()()  sliares  coiimiori  stock  at  SlOO  each 750,000.00 


Mortgage  Ijouds  7';;  interest 

4.000  bonds  first  series  at  §500  each,  rcdcciiiaijje  in  1055.  2.000.000.00 
Le.ss:  In  tlie  company's  treasiny  and  not  issued 

1,000  Bonds  first  series  at  $500 500,000.00 

Divers  creditors 

Bills  payable 

Bonds  payal)le 

Acciunulated  interest  on  bonds 

Deposits  as  guarantee 

Keserve  for  the  security  of  bills 

Surplus 


131,135.20 
75,753.43 

152,275.00 

52,500.00 

3,00(i.22 

55,005. (50 

122,564.18 


otal «3,342,239.63 


THE  PREVAILING  PRICES  FOR  CUBAN  SECURITIES 


.Is    ,,„„lnl   /,//    Liur, 


&  r, 


Xrir   )■„,/:. 


Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  bonds 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944.  .  . 
Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949.  .  . 
Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  43^%  Bonds  of  1949. 


Bid 
92 
98 
92^ 

85  M 


Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 100 

Cuba  Railroad  Co  Preferred  Stock 84 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 89 

Cuba  Company  6%  Debenture  Bonds 92 

Cuba  Co.  79c  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 87 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 92 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Preferred  Stock 104 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Common  Stock 99 

Matanzas  .Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.,  Preferred  Stock 100 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Common  Stock 185 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 100 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 59 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  mtge.  Q%  bonds 90 


A.sked 

94 

99 

93,1^ 

8614 
105 
104 

87 

91 

96 

93 

94 
107 
102 
none 
104 
190 
lOOV^ 

02 

95 


CAMAGUEY 

A  bill  has  been  introduced  into  Congress 
asking  for  the  authorization  of  the  simi  of  $2,- 
950,000  for  improvements  and  rerairs  in  the 
roads  and  water  systemof  thecityof  Camaguey . 
It  is  proposed  to  include  a  proportional  appro- 
priation in  the  national  budget  for  six  con- 
secutive years,  beginning  with  the  fiscal  year 
1917-191S. 


IMPORTED  FOODSTUFFS 

By  a  presidential  decree  of  April  19,  1917, 
the  e.vportation  from  Cuba  of  all  imported 
food  ])ro(hicts  is  prohibited  tinless  the  express 
autliorization  of  the  Coverimient  has  l)een 
secured  in  each  case.  The  Treasury  Depart- 
ment and  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Commerce  and  Labor  are  intrusted  with  the 
enforcement  of  the  prohibition. 


24 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


MOLASSES  AS  CATTLE  FEED 

While  the  farmers  of  the  United  States  are 
beginning  to  reahze  the  value  of  beet  pulp  and 
beet  tops  as  a  cattle  feed,  they  have  almost 
overlooked  the  value  of  another  important 
by-product  of  beet  and  cane  sugar  manufac- 
ture, namely  molasses.  It  has  been  estimated 
that  sufficient  molasses  is  produced  by  the 
beet  sugar  factories  alone  to  supply  the  mo- 
lasses portion  of  a  balanced  ration  for  almost 
500,000  head  of  cattle. 

The  molasses  produced  by  the  cane  sugar 
refinery  is  not  the  same  as  that  produced  by 
the  beet  sugar  factory.  Molasses  from  cane 
contains  glucose,  while  beet  molasses  is  free 
from  that  sugar,  but  retains  a  large  percentage 
of  salts  and  other  impurities.  Cane  molasses, 
therefore,  enjoys  a  wide  range  of  usefulness 
for  human  consumption,  while  beet  molasses  is 
especially  adapted  for  use  in  cattle  feeling. 

While  there  are  great  variations  in  the  com- 
position of  molasses,  there  have  been  no  in- 
stances recorded  where  any  toxic  effects  have 
followed  molasses  feeding.  It  is  true,  how- 
ever, that  diarrhoea  is  apt  to  follow  exces- 
sive use,  due  to  the  organic  salts  it  contains. 
As  this  condition  might  arise  in  ahnost  any 
case  where  there  is  an  excess  of  one  kind  of 
feed,  it  cannot  te  justly  laid  to  the  use  of 
molasses.  In  view  of  this  the  farmer  who  feeds 
molasses  should  keep  the  molasses  percentage 
of  the  ration  within  limits  of  a  reasonable 
standard,  just  as  he  should  do  with  every 
other  substance  entering  into  the  composi- 
tion. 

Molassic  salts  are  mainly  carbonate  of 
potassium  or  sodium  and  chlorides.  They 
contain  also  lime,  sulphuric  acid  and  a  small 
percentage  of  phosphate.  The  presence  of 
these  salts,  far  from  being  objectionable,  is 
rather  an  advantage. 

The  nourishing  value  of  molasses  is  attri- 
buted to  the  percentage  of  its  extractive  ele- 
ments, which,  when  compared  with  its  caloric 
power,  is  very  high,  and  demands  an  almost 
insignificant  amount  of  physiological  work. 
In  this  particular,  sugar  has  a  higher  food 
value  than  other  hydrocarbons.  Being  solu- 
ble in  water  it  does  not  necessarily  demand  the 
action  of  gastric  juices  or  the  expenditure  of 
latent  forces  of  tlie  organism  for  its  assimila- 
tion.   It  hds  also  been  pointed  out  that  sugar, 


being  diffusible,  soon  passes  by  osmosis 
through  the  intestinal  tubes,  while  other  non- 
nitrogenous  extractive  elements,  such  as 
starch,  pentosanes,  etc.,  must  undergo  many 
modifications  lasting  for  a  considerable  time 
before  assimilation  is  possible.  The  osmotic 
action  of  a  sugar  solution  is  very  rapid,  so 
much  so  that  it  is  claimed  that  its  complete 
oxygenation  is  impossible.  The  blood  not 
being  forced  to  supply  oxygen  necessary  for 
its  transformation,  there  results  a  stored  up 
energy  for  subsequent  tissue  and  fat  forma- 
tion. This  fact  alone  gives  sugar  an  advan- 
tage over  all  other  carbohydrates  for  fat  for- 
mation, and  hence  its  value  for  cattle  feeding, 
either  as  it  is  found  in  molasses  or  in  other 
forms  that  the  farmers  may  have  at  their  dis- 
posal. 

It  has  been  found  that  molasses  added  to 
forage  is  an  excellent,  healthy  and  economi- 
cal substance,  producing  both  flesh  and  fat. — 
J.  A.  Brock  in  Facts  About  Sugar. 


AMERICAN  SUGAR-BEET  SEED 

Sugar-beet  seed  of  good  quality  and  in 
large  quantities  must  be  produced  in  the 
United  States  if  the  highest  development  of 
the  beet-sugar  industry  in  this  country  is  to 
be  reached,  say  plant  specialists  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
The  domestic  beet-sugar  industry,  in  which 
more  than  $100,000,000  is  now  invested,  was 
almost  wholly  dependent,  until  the  outbreak 
of  the  war,  on  a  seed  supply  from  Europe. 
Some  seed  was  imported  with  great  difficulty 
for  the  1916  planting,  but  several  sugar  fac- 
tories remained  idle  because  of  the  insufficient 
supply.  No  grave  difficulties,  it  is  believed, 
stand  in  the  way  of  the  domestic  production 
of  high-quality  seed  sufficient  to  meet  the 
needs  of  this  country. 

The  studies  of  the  plant  specialists  lead 
them  to  believe  that  the  quality  of  beet  seed 
and  of  the  crops  which  such  seed  produce  can 
be  improved  greatly  by  selection  and  plant 
breeding,  and  that  as  a  result  the  cost  of 
production  of  seed  in  this  country  can  be 
reduced.  They  take  the  view  that  the  first 
step  in  the  development  of  a  permanent 
beet-seed  industry  here  lies  in  the  development 
of  true  types  with  reference  to  both  seed 
beets  and  seed  production. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


25 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


SUGAR  REFINERY  FOR  MUKDEN.   MAN- 
CHURIA 

A  Japanese  sugar  refinery  is  to  be  estab- 
lished at  Mukden.  While  sugar  cane  is  not 
adapted  to  the  climate  of  Manchuria  and 
there  are  no  sugar  beets  grown  in  this  region, 
an  effort  will  be  made  to  induce  the  Chinese 
to  grow  the  latter,  and  forward  contracts 
will  be  made  by  the  refinery  to  insure  a 
suflicient  quantity  of  beets  for  sugar  manu- 
facture on  a  large  scale.  The  Manchuria 
Daily  News  of  January  25  quotes  Mr.  Hashi- 
moto, of  the  South  Manchuria  Sugar  Refining 
Co.,  as  follows: 

Work  on  the  factory  will  be  started  in  April 
and  we  hope  to  complete  it  in  September  and 
to  begin  manufacture  of  sugar  in  October. 
The  principal  part  of  the  machinery  is  to  be 
ordered  from  the  railway  workshops,  Sha- 
hokou,  and  the  minor  portion  from  the 
Osaka  Iron  Works.  Their  installation  will 
be  set  about  as  the  building  work  progresses, 
so  that  it  may  be  completed  simultaneously 
with  the  completion  of  the  construction  work. 

Cultivation  of  Beet  to  he  Fostered. 

As  regards  the  cultivation  of  beet,  two 
plans  are  on  the  tapis.  One  is  to  buy  land 
and  raise  beet  on  our  own  account.  The 
other  is  to  enter  into  contracts  with  the 
Chinese  peasants  to  undertake  the  task.  In 
the  present  circumstances  the  former  plan 
is  thought  rather  unwieldly,  and  it  is  more 
likely  that  the  latter  scheme  will  be  adopted. 
In  this  respect  the  arrangements  now  in 
force  for  a  like  factory  at  Hulan,  North 
Manchuria,  are  to  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion in  framing  the  contracts  with  the  peas- 
ants. As  to  the  encouragement  of  the  cul- 
tivation of  beet,  a  good  word  from  the 
landowners  and  people  of  local  influence 
would  serve  to  much  good.  We  have  some 
experience  in  Formosa  on  this  point  and 
stand  in  a  position  to  profit  thereby. 

As  regards  seed  beet,  a  German  species  is 
held  as  the  best.  However,  it  being  impos- 
sible to  import  it  from  Germany  direct,  we 
intend  to  procure  German  species  from 
Southern  Europe.  As  the  Manchurian  peas- 
ants must  be  strangers  to  beet,  we  expect 
that  some  difficulty  will  be  encountered  in 
breaking  them  into  the  knack  of  its  culti- 
vation. However,  such  difficulty  will  be 
met  with  only  in  the  first  year.  The  refining 
of  sugar  may  be  taken  up  about  January 
next  year.  For  raw  material  either  Japanese 
or  Formosan  sugar  may  be  imported,  as  the 
price  may  suit  us  better. 

Some  years  ago  a  sugar  refinery  was 
plarmed  in  northern  Manchuria.  A  con- 
siderable   amount    of    Chinese    capital    was 


raised  for  the  purpose,  and  German  ma- 
chinery was  purchased  and  installed.  Fi- 
nancial and  other  difl^cultics,  however,  were 
encountered,  and  the  operations  proved 
unsuccessful. — Consul-General Baker,  Muhhn . 


SUGAR  NEEDS  IN  ARGENTINA 

Following  the  acceptance  by  the  Argentine 
Government  of  the  bids  for  the  special  im- 
portation of  sugar,  the  bidder  for  the  largest 
amount  failed  to  produce  the  required 
security  and  this  necessitated  another  call 
for  bids.  The  bids  received  in  response  to 
the  second  call  represented  a  total  of  22,000 
tons  of  sugar,  instead  of  the  60,000  tons  de- 
sired, and  the  definite  bids  resulting  from  the 
two  calls  amounted  to  only  37,000  tons,  or 
about  half  of  the  Government's  original  esti- 
mate of  the  country's  needs.  The  conditions 
of  the  second  call,  as  published  in  the  Boletin 
Oficial,  were  similar  to  those  of  the  first  call, 
the  reduced  duties  for  the  special  importation 
of  sugar  being  retained  at  2}^  Argentine  cents 
gold  per  kilo  for  the  refined,  and  J^  cent 
for  the  raw  sugar,  without  the  bonus,  and 
with  the  limitation  of  4.10  paper  pesos  per 
10  kilos  as  the  maximum  wholesale  price  of 
the  sugar  in  Argentina.  Argentine  gold  peso 
equals  96.5  cents;  paper  peso  equals  42.4 
cents;  kilo  equals  2.2046  pounds. 

The  Revista  de  Economia  y  Finanzas  be- 
lieves that  the  failure  to  secure  acceptable 
bids  for  the  importat'on  of  75,000  tons  of 
sugar  is  evidence  that  not  so  large  an  amount 
will  be  needed  before  the  new  crop  of  cane 
makes  domestic  sugar  available,  somet'me  in 
May.  The  sugar  produced  in  Argentina  last 
year  was  about  half  the  normal  consumption, 
but  as  practically  no  sugar  was  exported  in 
1916,  and  as  certain  stocks  were  held  over 
the  previous  year,  it  is  not  improbable  that 
the  bids  received  under  this  last  call  will  pro- 
vide a  sufficient  quantity  until  the  domestic 
sugar  can  be  put  on  the  market. 


BRITISH  INDIA 


The  total  estimate  of  the  yield  of  raw  sugar 
for  1917  was  placed  at  2,626,000  tons.  On  this 
basis,  the  average  yield  per  acre  would  be 
2,437  lbs.,  as  compared  Avith  an  average  of 
2,468  lbs.  for  1916. 


-26 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


SUGAR  IN  EASTERN  BOLIVIA 

Sugar  cane  grows  luxuriantly  in  eastern 
Bolivia,  attaining  a  great  height,  and  the  crop 
is  seldom  injured  by  frost.  The  cultivation  is 
conducted  in  the  most  primitive  manner.  The 
land  is  cleared  and  the  undergrowth  burned, 
the  tree  trunks  that  cannot  be  made  into 
firewood  being  left  to  rot  in  the  ground.  The 
planting  is  done  by  jaljl)ing  oblique  holes  with 
a  long  sharpened  stake,  about  3  feet  apart, 
and  inserting  a  piece  of  cane.  The  cane  soon 
sprouts,  after  which  the  ground  has  to  be 
cleared  of  weeds.  The  weeding  must  be  re- 
peated until  the  cane  is  tall  enough  to  smother 
tlie  weeds.  The  gro\md  is  never  plowed  or 
irrigated,  the  cultivation  consists  simply  of 
destroying  the  weeds,  which  is  all  done  by 
hand  labor  with  a  small  native  pushing  hoe. 

In  about  10  months  the  cane  is  ripe  and 
ready  for  cutting.  Two  or  three  weeks  after 
cutting  the  cane  leaves  are  dry  enough  to  burn, 
when  fire  is  applied  and  the  whole  field  burned 
off.  The  cane  roots  soon  sprout  again,  and 
the  same  weeding  operations  have  to  be  gone 
through  as  in  the  previous  year.  This  pro- 
cess is  continued  year  after  year  until  the 
field  has  to  be  replanted.  This  replanting  is  re- 
peated three  or  four  times,  when  the  ground 
become  exhausted  and  the  field  is  then  aban- 
doned and  the  planter  changes  to  new 
ground. 

Sugar  is  made  by  Ijoiling  the  cane  juice  in  a 
copper  cauldron  until  it  becomes  of  the  proper 
consistenc}',  when  it  is  transferred  to  earthen- 
ware crocks  with  a  hole  at  the  bottom  for  the 
molasses  to  drain  from.  The  refining  is  done 
by  the  claying  process.  The  m,olasses  is 
made  into  alcohol. 

Wooden  Mills  in  Use. 

Many  planters  still  use  the  antiquated 
wooden  sugar  mills,  and  most  of  the  iron  mills 
in  use  are  operated  by  anim.al  power.  Owing 
to  the  immense  cost  of  transportation  in  east- 
ern Bolivia,  even  a  comparatively  small  steam 
mill  requires  considerable  capital  to  buy,  im- 
port, and  install,  besides  having  to  wait  at 
least  a  year  from  the  date  of  ordering  imtil  it 
is  set  up  and  in  working  order.  Another  rea- 
son for  using  the  old  mills  is  that  the  native 
planter  has  no  love  for  machinery,  and  is,  in 
-consequence,  ignorant  respecting  it,  and  either 


cannot  or  will  not  learn  anything  about  a 
steam  engine.  There  are  only  15  steam  power 
sugar  mills  in  all  eastern  Bolivia.  The  animal 
power  mills  are  generally  worked  by  means  of 
oxen. 

During  the  year  1914  Bolivia  imiwrted 
8,500  tons  of  sugar,  valued  at  £200,000 
(roughly,  $1,000,000),  for  consumption  in  the 
western  Departments.  Even  under  the  pres- 
ent disadvantages  of  transportation  all  this 
sugar  could  have  been  produced  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Santa  Cruz.^Bonid  of  Trade  JouriinJ. 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY   IN  THE  UNITED 
PROVINCES 

The  cultivation  of  the  sugar-cane  in  tliis 
part  of  India  presents  very  diiTerent  problems 
to  those  encountered  in  the  West  Indies. 
In  India,  sugar-cane  occupies  the  land  only 
about  one-half  the  time  that  it  does  in  the 
West  Indies,  and  after  the  crop  is  established 
it  has  to  carry  through  a  period  of  drought 
that  is  by  no  means  conducive  to  high 
yields.  Very  often  dry  weather  and  the 
attack  of  white  ants  seriously  interfere  with 
germination,  and  this  is  often  one  of  the 
causes  of  the  low  tonnage  per  acre.  Provided 
irrigation  can  be  carried  on  during  the  hot 
or  dry  period,  the  climatic  conditions  in  the 
United  Provinces  are  otherwise  favorable 
in  a  general  way  for  excellent  growth. 

The  reason  for  the  small  return  of  sugar 
seems  to  lie  more  in  the  preparation  of  the 
sugar  than  in  the  composition  of  the  cane  or 
the  milling.  The  ])rincipal  loss  occurs  during 
boiling  owing  to  the  fact  that  no  care  is  taken 
to  avoid  acidity. 

The  great  diffic\ilty  that  has  to  be  faced 
in  making  any  attempt  to  organize  cane  grow- 
ing on  the  central  factory  basis  is  that  the 
fields  of  cane  are  so  small  and  scattered. 
Moreover,  the  cultivator  cannot  afford  to 
devote  all  his  attention  to  sugar-cane,  he 
has  to  grow  food  crops,  and  this  of  necessity 
means  a  limited  amount  of  production. 

Considering  the  fact  that  most  of  the 
sugar-cane  soUs  have  been  continuously 
cropped  for  himdreds  of  generations  without 
adequate  manuring,  it  is  surprising  that 
growers  are  able  to  obtain  the  j'ields  they  do 
under  the  circumstances.— .4(7rirM'/)/ra/  News, 
Barbados. 


T  HE    CUBA     R  E  V  I  E  W 


27 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


THE  SUGAR   MARKET   AT   RIO   DE  JANEIRO 

A  retrospective  view  of  the  suj^ar  market  of 
Kio  de  Janiero  chiriiip;  191()  sliows  that  in  this 
article  as  in  many  others,  l^ra/il  has  profited 
by  conditions  brought  about  l)y  Ihc  lluropcaii 
war. 

While  the  foreign  markets  did  not  order 
as  heavily,  perha])s,  as  some  i)eo])le  had 
expected,  relativel}'  large  quantities  of  Braz- 
ilian sugars  were  placed  abroad  and  a 
considerable  amount  of  money  was  made 
by  growers  here  in  exporting.  The  market 
prices  within  the  coimtry  remained  low  and 
therefore  favorable  for  export  transactions. 

Ex]3orters  are  looking  forward  to  in- 
creased shipments  during  1917,  although  it 
would  seem  that  this  will  l)e  governed  largely 
])y  the  conditions  of  the  domestic  markets,  as, 
so  far  as  maj-  be  judged,  the  actual  produc- 
tion of  the  country  has  not  been  perceptibly 
intensified  nor  increased. 

Lack  of  Proper  StatisHcs. 

In  this  connection  the  Associacao  Commer- 
cial (Board  of  Trade)  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  has 
once  more  pointed  out  that  the  lack  of  care- 
ful national  crop  statistics,  and  of  statistics  of 
domestic  manufacturer  and  production  gen- 
erally, makes  it  almost  impossible  in  Brazil  to- 
day to  show  any  foresight,  or  to  take  any 
active  measures  to  control  and  direct  a  mar- 
ket, or  to  make  it  profit  by  any  exceptionallj^ 
good  foreign  conditions  that  may  arise.  The 
only  statistics  that  the  Republic  appears  to 
have  of  this  sort  are  those  of  the  consimio  tax 
(internal-revenue  tax  on  manufacture,  pro- 
duction and  consiunption)  and  these  figures 
are  not  shown  in  their  entirety  bj^  pubUcation. 

The  attempt  made  in  November,  1916,  to 
direct  exports  toward  Argentina  was  a  failure 
because  of  the  low  prices  prevailing  in  that 
market.  This,  however,  did  not  discourage 
the  growers  and  those  of  northern  Brazil  and 
of  Campos  renaained  firm  in  their  ])olicy  of 
careful  releasings,  so  as  to  keep  the  market  on 
their  side  and  export  as  niuch  as  possible  to 
Europe. 

Russia  Expected  to  he  an  Important  Market. 

It  is  expected  that  during  1917  Russia  will 
prove  to  be  a  valuable  market.  It  is  expected 
that  in  1917  that  country  may  require  1,400, •■ 


000  tons,  or  23,S00,000  l)ags,  as  bags  of  sugar 
figure   in   Brazil. 

During  1916  the  total  entries  of  sugars  into 
Rio  de  Janeiro  amounted  to  1,. 542,(194  bags, 
of 'which  1,488,701)  bags  were  either  con- 
sumed locally  or  shipped  abroad,  leaving  in 
warehouse  on  December  31,  1916,  371,9SZ 
bags.  Sergipe,  Maceio,  Pernambuco,  Santa 
Catharina,  Campos,  Bahia,  Espirito  .Santo 
Parahyba,  Xatal  and  Minas  Geraes  were  the 
chief  remitting  points  to  Rio  de  Janeiro. — 
Consul  General  Alfred  1.  Moreau  Coltsrhalk^ 
Rio  de  Janeiro. 


INDIA'S  SUGAR  YIELD 

The  Inilian  Department  of  Statistics  has 
issued  its  final  general  memorandum  on  the 
sugar  cane  crop  of  1916-17,  basing  its  cal- 
culations upon  reports  received  from  Prov- 
inces that  contain  99  per  cent,  of  the  area 
under  cane  in  British  India.  As  given  in  the 
Indian  (Government)  Trade  Journal,  the 
total  area  is  estimated  at  2,414,000  acres,  as 
against  2,391,000  acres,  the  revised  figure  of 
last  year,  showing  an  increase  of  1  per  cent. 
The  total  yield  of  raw  sugar  (gur)  is  estimated 
at  2,626,000  long  tons,  as  against  2,634,000 
tons,  the  revised  figure  of  last  year,  or  a 
decrease  of  0.3  per  cent. 

In  addition  to  the  areas  embraced  in  these 
totals,  sugar  is  grown  on  a  small  scale  in 
certain  other  tracts  in  British  India,  and  the 
average  area  of  such  tracts  for  the  last  five 
years  has  been  some  23,000  acres.  An  addi- 
tion of  approximately  1  per  cent.,  or  2.5,000 
tons,  should  therefore  be  made  to  the  total 
estimatetl  yield  on  this  account. 

Of  the  total  area  under  sugar  cane  in 
British  India,  the  United  Provinces  are 
credited  with  53.2  per  cent.;  the  Punjab 
with  15.3  per  cent.;  Bihar  and  Orissa,  11 
per  cent.;  Bengal,  9.4  per  cent.;  Madras,  3.8 
per  cent.;  Bombay  and  Sind,  2.7  per  cent.; 
Assam,  1.5  per  cent.;  Xorthwest  Frontier 
Province,  1.3  per  cent.,  and  the  Central 
Provinces  and  Berar,  0.9  per  cent. 


GUADALOUPE 


The  latest  estimate  placed  on  the  sugar  crop 
of  1916-1917  states  that  it  will  be  approxi- 
mately 45,000  short  tons,  which  is  larger  than 
last  j^ear. 


28 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY 


HONGKONG  SUGAR  TRADE 

For  the  first  time  in  many  years,  if  not  in 
the  history  of  the  trade,  Hongkong's  output 
of  refined  sugar  went  principally  to  Europe  dur- 
ing the  past  year.  The  unlimited  demand  for 
sugar  in  that  market  was  met  by  an  unusually 
short  demand  in  China,  due  to  several  causes. 
About  two-thirds  of  the  entire  output  of  the 
refineries  went  to  Europe  and  an  unusually 
large  portion  of  the  high-grade  raw  sugar 
went  in  that  direction.  However,  the  sugar 
trade  of  Hongkong  and  its  relation  to  that  of 
China  and  the  Far  East  was  rather  unsatisfac- 
tory during  1916.  Present  prospects  are  that 
the  current  year  will  be  better,  and  also  that 
the  improved  situation  will  work  largely  to 
the  benefit  of  the  Philippines. 

Imports  during  the  past  year  were  far  below 
norm.al,  being  placed  by  local  dealers  at  only 
about  324,000  short  tons,  as  compared  with 
al)out  670,000  tons  in  1915  and  similar  amounts 
in  normal  years.  Of  these  imports  234,000  tons 
were  from  Java,  79,260  tons  from  the  Philip- 
pines and  6,740  tons  were  from  the  lower 
Chinese  coast  and  about  4,030  tons  were  from 
Formosa.  The  refineries  exported  about  80,- 
'000  short  tons  of  refined  sugar,  of  which  about 
85  per  cent  was  Java  sugar,  the  rest  Ijeing 
Philippine.  Of  the  80,000  tons  of  refined 
sugar  exported,  Europe  took  about  55,000 
tons,  the  United  States  about  525  tons,  and 
Chinese  and  various  ports  the  balance. 

Of  the  raw  sugar  exported,  about  30  per 
cent  went  to  Japanese  factories,  while  the  rest 
went  to  Chinese  and  European  ports  direct. 
Much  of  the  decrease  in  the  trade  is  ascribed 
to  political  conditions  in  China  and  the  im- 
possibility of  distributing  sugar  even  where  the 
people  had  the  money  to  buy  it.  High  freight 
rates  also  were  a  factor,  but  it  is  recognized 
also  that  Japanese  refineries  have  cut  into 
the  Hongkong  trade,  both  in  China  and  else- 
where, very  materially.  At  the  close  of  the 
year  there  was  on  hand  a  stock  of  about  25,000 
tons.  Hongkong  importers  are  of  the  opinion 
that  because  of  a  lack  of  freight  service  from 
the  Philippines  to  the  United  States  and 
Europe,  while  Java  is  comparatively  well 
served,  the  import  of  Philippine  raw  sugar  into 
Hongkong  the  current  year  will  be  much 
larger  than  usual. — Consul  General  Geoige  E. 
Anderson,  Hongkong. 


PORTO  RICO  SUGAR 

Up  to  March  4  there  had  been  shipped  from 
the  new  sugar  crop  106,283  tons  of  sugar,  or 
somewhat  more  than  20  per  cent,  of  the 
estimated  crop  for  the  year,  which  has  been 
placed  at  slightly  in  excess  of  500,000  tons 
of  2,000  pounds  each. 

Since  the  beginning  of  the  grinding  season 
weather  conditions  have  been  favorable  for 
grinding,  but  continued  dry  weather  has 
somewhat  retarded  growing  cane.  Recovery 
of  sugar  from  the  cane  has  been  considered 
generally  satisfactory,  but  the  tormage  of 
cane  to  the  acre  has  been  about  20  per  cent, 
short  of  general  estimates,  due  to  poor  grow- 
ing conditions  during  most  of  last  year. 
Despite  the  shortage  in  cane,  however,  it 
is  expected  that,  due  to  a  greater  recovery 
of  sugar  from  the  cane,  the  total  production 
will  come  up  to  estimates  made  at  the  first 
of  the  crop. 

There  have  been  comparatively  few  agri- 
cultural strikes  during  the  sugar  season  so 
far,  although  several  centrals  in  the  eistem 
section  of  the  island  have  been  closed  down 
for  varying  periods.  Wages  have  been  higher 
than  in  previous  years,  and  in  many  in- 
stances centrals  have  promised  bonuses  at 
the  end  of  the  crop  in  the  event  they  had  no 
strikes  during  the  working  season.  The 
general  demand  for  $1  a  day  for  an  eight 
hour  day  has  not  been  generally  granted,  al- 
though in  many  instances  the  wages  are  con- 
siderably higher  than  that. 

The  grinding  season  will  run  into  July. — 
Harwood  Hull,  San  Juan. 


DENMARK'S  BEET  SUGAR  PRODUCTION. 

The  returns  from  the  Statistical  Bureau  of 
Denmark,  just  published,  indicate  that  the 
production  of  sugar  from  beets  for  the  cal- 
endar year  1916  amounted  to  112,800  tons, 
compared  with  125,200  tons  in  1915.  The 
area  sown  to  sugar-producing  beets  was  nor- 
nal,  but  the  yield  of  sugar  was  less. 

The  consumption  of  sugar  has  been  steadily 
increasing,  expecially  since  1909.  The  use  of 
sugar  per  inhabitant  in  1916  is  put  at  103 
pounds  as  against  only  88  pounds  in  1914. 
This  estimate  takes  in  the  industrial  and  pri- 
vate use  of  the  article.— Co«su(  General  E.  D. 
Wi7is'ow,  Copenhagen. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


29 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY 


SUGAR  IN  SAO  PAULO 

The  cultivation  of  sugar  pane  is  one  of  the 
oldest  industries  in  tlie  State  of  Sao  Paulo, 
and  50  years  ago  the  exportation  of  cane 
sugar  was  of  greater  importance  than  that  of 
cofTci-,  while  in  1825  it  represented  50  per 
cent  of  the  exportation  of  the  State. 

In  recent  j^ears,  the  industrj'  has  again 
come  into  importance  through  the  in- 
creased local  demand  and  the  advantage 
sugar  produced  in  the  State  has  over  that  im- 
ported from  other  parts  of  the  Republic  in  the 
way  of  lower  charges  and  freedom  from  certain 
imposts  levied  by  the  exporting  States. 
Furthermore,  improved  methods  in  the  sugar 
mills  have  contributed  much  to  the  rehabilita- 
tion of  the  industry,  the  mills  in  the  cities  of 
Piracicabu,  Capivary,  Lorena,  Santa  Rosa, 
and  Santa  Barbara  being  of  the  m.ost  modern 
type. 

Impurln  of  Sugar  Through  Satilos. 

In  spite  of  the  increased  output  of  sugar 
in  the  State,  it  is  still  necessary  to  import  con- 
siderable quantities  from  other  parts  of  the 
Republic.  In  1914  there  was  a  to.al  of  164,- 
015,092  pounds  im.ported  from  other  states, 
and  in  1915,  139,723,784  pounds. 

The  part  of  the  State  where  sugar  cane  is 
most  cultivated  is  that  which  is  nearest  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  in  the  arm  lying  between  the 
State  of  Minas  Geraes  and  the  sea,  the  crop 
being  the  most  profitable  one  that  can  be 
Taised  in  that  territory.  It  has  been  found, 
however,  that  a  locality  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  State  in  the  parishes  of  Ribeirao  Preto 
and  Sao  Simao  is  best  adapted  to  its  culture, 
but  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  land  in  this 
region  produces  larger  returns  when  planted  to 
coflFee,  the  sugar  industry  naturally  receives 
little  attention,  although  as  m.uch  as  35  tons 
per  acre  has  been  produced  there. 

Co.sl  of  Production. 

The  average  production  per  acre  in  the 
regions  where  it  is  most  cultivated  averages 
about  15  tons.  The  average  cost  of  pro- 
ducing sugar  cane  is  about  $2.50  per  ton, 
although  it  is  reported  to  be  as  low  as  $1  per 
ton  in  one  locaUty  and  as  high  as  $3  in  of  ers. 
Field  hands  working  in  sugar  can  receive 
about  75  cents  per  daj'  and  the  workers  in  the 
mills  receive  about  §1.25  per  day.     The  sac- 


charine content  fluctuates  between  9°  and  U° 
B.  The  percentage  of  saccharose  varies  from 
10  to  18  per  cent,  according  to  locality  and  the 
weather.  The  production  of  rum  per  100  gal- 
Ions  of  molasses  varies  from  32  to  40  gallons. 

Output  of  the  Sugar  Mills. 

There  are  15  large  mills  in  the  State  that 
have  a  capitalization  of  $4,000,000  and  a  pro- 
ductive capacity  of  about  600,000  sacks  of 
132  pounds  each,  or  39,600  short  tons  per 
year.  The  production  has  never  reached  this 
figure,  however,  the  output  for  the  five  years 
beginning  with  the  1910-11  season  having 
been  as  follows,  in  short  tons:  1910-]  1,  26,306; 
1911-12,  28,401;  1912-13,  27,365;  1913-141 
26,806,  and  1914-15,  35,659  tons. 

The  statistics  for  the  1915-16  crop  are  not 
yet  available,  but  the  production  is  officially 
estimated  at  37,620  tons.  The  principal  fac- 
tories belong  to  a  French  company. 

In  addition  to  these  factories  there  are  some 
3,000  small  mills  operated  by  planters.  These 
mills  produce  only  unrefined  kettle  sugar  and 
rum,  and  no  statistics  as  to  their  output  are 
available,  but  inasmuch  as  this  raw  sugar  en- 
ters quite  extensively  into  strictly  local  com- 
merce the  amount  produced  probably  equals 
that  of  the  large  mills. 

The  large  mills  also  produce  considerable 
quantities  of  alcohol  and  rum,  the  amounts  in 
1914-15  having  been  1,076,997  gallons  of  alco- 
hol and  61,136  gallons  of  rum.  The  produc- 
tion of  both  articles  for  the  entire  State  in  1914- 
15,  including  both  the  factories  and  the  small 
mills,  was  30,056,898  gallons. — Consul  General 
Charles  L  .  Hoover,  Sao  Paulo. 


CUBA'S  SOIL 


The  International  Sugar  Journal  oi  London, 
in  the  April  number,  comments  forcefully  on 
the  present  method  of  cane  cultivation  in 
Cuba.  According  to  this  authority  the 
wisdom  of  the  methods  adopted  in  Cuba 
of  working  the  virg'n  soil  to  more  or  less 
exhaustion  does  not  allow  any  regard  to  the 
needs  of  a  future  generation  of  tillers.  Cuba's 
vast  forest  lands  are  rapidly  being  depleted 
and  planted  to  cane;  therefore,  after  a  lapse 
of  time  the  Cuba  cane  planters  will  face  a 
serious  problem,  those  of  the  Western  part  of 
Cuba  first,  because  the  Eastern  end  of  Cuba 
still  possesses  vast  tracts  of  forest  land. 


30 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


CANE  TRANSPORTATION  IN  PORTO  RICO 


The  conditions  showni  in  the  accompanying  ilhistrations-will.  in  a  measxire,  account  for  the 
fact,  in  eight  years,  Porto  Rico  has  ahiiost  doubled  its  export  of  sugar,  the  figures  for  1909 
showing  244,257  long  tons  exported,  while  for  1917  the  estimated  figures  up  to  Mareh  81  are 
412,000  long  tons. 

The  figures  given  indicate  not  only  a  big  increase  in  acreage  l)ut  also  improved  methods  of 
handling  the  cane. 

These  scenes  were  photographed  at  Central  Constancia,  Toa  Baja,  P.  R.  This  plantation 
is  the  property  of  the  well  known  Compania  Azucarera  del  Toa,  San  Juan.  Under  the  presi- 
dency of  Don  Rafael  Palacios  Apellaniz,  this  company  is  kno^vn  as  one  of  the  best  managed 
sugar  concerns  in  Uncle  Sam's  island  domain. 


Fig.  i  shows  a  heavy  Koppel  locomotive  of  110  H.  P.  hauling  a  train  of  seventy-five  sugar 
cane  cars  of  114  ton  capacity  each.  These  cars  are  of  specially  heavy  construction  and  have 
been  in  service  for  a  considerable  period  with  highly  satisfactory  results.  Although  these  cars 
are  rated  at  13^  tons  capacity,  their  construction  permits  a  much  heavier  load. 


Fig.  2  shows  some  Koppel  side  dunip  cars  used  for  road  construction  in  the  \icinity  of 
Central  Constancia.  In  this  work  the  motive  power  is  furnished  by  oxen  since  the  intermittent 
operation  of  the  cars  would  not  justifj-  the  expenses  of  a  locomotive  for  this  work  alone. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


31 


ThcHe  dump  oars  in  cHpiicities  of  IS,  20,  27  or  36  cubic  feet  are  extensively  used  in  connec- 
tion with  Koppel  Portable  Track  for  road  construction  work,  transporting  building  material, 
fuel,  etc.,  and  are  generally  employed  to  run  on  Ko])i)('I  jjortablc  track,  a  pile  of  which  appears 
just  back  of  and  between  the  two  dump  cars. 

There  is  a  r.ii)idly  increasing  demand  for  industrial  railways  and  various  t>7)es  of  cane  and 
dump  cars  in  Porto  ]lico  and  many  inquiries  have  been  made  (•(niccriiing  locomotives  earn 
track,  etc.,  for  the  comiag  season. 

This  active  demand  for  modern  cane  handling  c(iui])m('nt,  the  construction  of  new  planta- 
tion roads  and  the  imi)rovemeut  of  the  old  roads,  when  considered  in  connection  with  the  present 
condition  of  world  sugar  demand,  point  to  an  unprecedented  period  of  profitable  activity  in 
Porto  Rican  sugar  circles. 


RECENT    PUBLICATIONS 

Till  Danish  We.^t  Indies,  by  Waldemar 
AVestergaard,  jjublished  by  the  .Macmillan 
Co.,  New  York.     Price,  $2..5(). 

This  book  furnishes  in  r.nidable  form  such 
information  as  Americans  will  wish  to  pos- 
sess concerning  the  Danish  West  Indies.  The 
author  discusses  the  administration  of  the 
Danish  West  India  &  Guinea  Co.  from  1671- 
1754  and  then  traces  the  history  of  the  islands 
from  1754,  from  which  date  they  were  gov- 
erned directly  by  Denmark,  to  1917,  when  they 
became  the  property  of  the  United  States 
through  purchase.  Throughout,  economic 
matters  are  emphasized,  though  the  more 
picturesque  incidents  are  also  included,  such 
as  the  exploits  of  the  buccaneers  and  pirates, 
even  those  of  Ividd. 

There  are  very  interesting  descriptions  of 
the  i)roduction  of  sugar  and  the  crude 
methods  of  refining  in  use  in  early  times. 
The  writer  explains  carefully  the  workings  of 
the  sugar  industry  and  traces  its  decline  as  a 
result  of  the  exhaustion  of  the  soil,  the  devel- 
opment of  the  beet  sugar  process,  and  the 
labor  shortage  caused  by  the  abolition  of  the 
slave  trade.  The  author  then  shows  how  in 
recent  years,  more  efficient  and  advanced 
methods  have  brought  tip  the  production  of 
sugar  to  where  it  was  before  its  decline.  The 
fact  that  this  has  been  done  from  a  smaller 
area  of  cultivation  shows  that  the  industry 
is  to  assimie  a  more  important  part. 

The  work  is  based  on  extended  research  in 
Danish  archives  and  will  be  of  interest  to,  and 
valued  by,  the  casual  reader  as  well  as  the 
student. 


Walter  A.  Zelnieker  Supply  Comi)aiiy 
m  St.  Louis,  announce  the  recent  appoint- 
ment of  Mr.  Karl  W.  Bock  as  manager. 

Mr.  Bock  has  been,  for  the  last  ten  years, 
secretary  of,  and  assistant  to,  the  vice- 
I  resident  of  the  Union  Pacific  Coal  Com- 
pany and  subsidiary  coal  companies,  lo- 
cated  at   Omaha,  Nebraska. 


The  Walter  A.  Zelnieker  Supply  Co.  an- 
nounce that  they  have  secured  the  services 
of  Mr.  M,\  H.  Dayton  as  city  salesman. 

.Mr.  Dayton  was  formerly  with  the  Rail- 
road Supply  Co.,  Chicago,  m.,  as  secretary 
and  jurchasing  agent;  also  their  eastern  rep- 
resentative for  five  years.  He  came  to  St. 
L'ouis  seven  years  ago  representing  the  same 
firm  and  that  of  the  Chicago  Signal  &  Supply 
Co.,  and  the  Elyria  Iron  &  Steel  Co.,  manu- 
facturers of  signal  and  track  maintenance 
materials. 

TheWalter  A.  Zelnieker  Supply  Company 
and  affiliated  companies  are  now  represented 
in  the  Birmingham  district  by  Mr.  Thomas 
A.  Hamilton,  who  for  the  past  fourteen  years 
has  been  connected  with  Crane  Company, 
prior  to  which  he  was  superintendent  of  the 
East  St.  Louis  Plant  of  the  Zelnieker  Car 
Works.  .Mr.  Hamilton  will  have  charge  of 
both  buyin-r  and  selling  in  the  southeastern 
territory. 

Mr.  Hamilton's  office  will  be  at  1018  Wood- 
ward Building,  Birmingham,  Alabama. 


Pre>ident  Menocal  has  signed  a  decree  plac- 
ing a  credit  of  .'$20,000  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Department  of  Public  Works  for  the  con- 
struction of  a  road  from  Zulueta  to  Placetas. 


NEW  YORK  CHARTER 

Honduras  and  Buffalo  Corp.,  Buffalo, 
realty  and  cultivation  of  same  in  Honduras, 
operate  lumber  mills,  manufacturing,  sugar 
cane,  &c.,  $10,000;  H.  Yates,  E.  B.  Stevens, 
J.  F.  Smith,  Buffalo. 


32 


THE      CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN    COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


CUBA  BUYS  AMERICAN  PAPER 
Cuba  imported  $3,300,000  worth  of  paper 
in  1916  and  American  maufacturers  fur- 
nished over  70  per  cent  of  that  total,  accord- 
ing to  a  bulletin  issued  by  the  Bureau  of 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce.  This 
trade  has  been  growing  rapidly  in  recent 
months  and  from  all  indication  has  not  yet 
reached  its  limit. 

A  large  share  of  the  new  business  and  of 
the  business  formerly  going  to  Germany  has 
come  to  the  United  States,  but  unless  un- 
usual care  is  taken  there  will  be  a  tendency 
to  return  to  old  sources  of  supply  when  the 
war  is  over.  Special  Agent  Robert  S.  Barrett, 
author  of  the  report,  believes  that  prepara- 
tion for  the  future  is  quite  as  important  as 
getting  orders  today. 

Spain  and  Norway  are  the  next  most  im- 
portant sources  of  supply  after  the  United 
States,  but  Spain  is  not  really  a  competitor, 
as  its  exports  to  Cuba  consist  principally  of 
handmade  writing  paper  and  cigarette  paper 
with  which  American  manufacturers  are  ap- 
parently unable  to  compete.  Norway  is  an 
active  competitor  in  news,  print  and  wrapping 
paper  and  the  exports  from  that  country  are 
likely  to  increase  as  soon  as  normal  shipping 
conditions  are  restored.  The  trade  that  Ger- 
many formerly  had,  consisting  largely  of 
coated  book  paper,  envelopes,  wrapping  paper, 
cardboard,  and  lithographic  goods,  amounting 
to  $250,000  a  year,  has  gone  principally  to  the 
United  States,  although  in  lithographic 
goods  England  has  increaed  its  sales  $25,000, 
since  Germany  disappeared  from  the  market. 


CONTAINERS 
The  only  provision  in  the  Cuban  tariff  law 
whereby  free  admission  can  be  secured  for 
receptacles  to  be  used  as  containers  for  the  ex- 
portation of  national  products  is  that  con- 
tained in  item  323  of  the  customs  tariff.  Ac- 
cording to  this  item,  receptacles  exported  from 
Cuba  with  fruits,  sugar,  molasses,  honey, 
spirituous  liquors,  alcohol,  coconut  oil,  and 
cordage  oil  are  exempt  from  duty  upon  proof 
of  identity  when  reimported  empty.  It  is 
stated  by  Cuban  officials  that  this  applies 
only  to  containers  such  as  acid  drums,  which 
can  be  so  marked  as  to  be  readily  identified 
upon  subsequent  reimportation.  No  ex- 
emption is  allowed  for  labels  of  any  kind. 
The  practice  in  this  matter  has  become  firmly 


established,  and  it  is  understood  that  no  re- 
ductions, exemptions  or  concessions  will  be 
granted.  It  is  expected  that  there  will  be  es- 
tablished industries  able  to  satisfy  the  de- 
mand for  tin  cans,  and  there  are  already  suf- 
ficient facilities  for  the  printing  of  labels  of 
all  kinds. 

WALTER   A.   ZELNICKER   SUPPLY   COMPANY 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Walter  A.  Zelnicker  Supply  Co.,  St. 
Louis,  held  April  19th,  Mr.  A.  R.  Topping 
was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Company.  Mr. 
Topping  has  been  associated  with  this  Com- 
pany for  the  past  eleven  years. 

The  Walter  A.  Zelmicker  Supply  Company, 
St.  Louis,  and  allied  companies  have  secured 
the  services  of  Mr.  Charles  H.  Trapp,  who  is 
to  act  as  confidential  secretary  to  Mr.  Zel- 
nicker, the  president.  Mr.  Trapp  was  for- 
merly associated  with  James  Stewart  and 
Company  in  St.  Louis,  Denver  and  Idaho, 
and  lately  with  Mr.  Terrell  Croft,  Consulting 
Electrical  Engineer,  St.  Louis. 

The  Weaker  A.  Zelnicker  Supply  Co.  has 
issued  a  Bulletin  for  May,  No.  215,  which 
gives  a  list  of  rails,  cars  and  other  iron  and 
steel  products  Avhich  they  have  in  stock. 
Copies  of  this  may  be  obtained  on  application 
to  the  Walter  A.  Zelnicker  Supply  Co.,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

RIVERA,  MARTINEZ  Y  TORRE,  S.  EN  C. 

Messrs.  Juan  F.  Rivera,  Rafael  Martinez 
and  Manuel  de  la  Torre  have  formed  a  cor- 
poration known  as  Rivera,  Martinez  y  Torre 
S.  en  C,  Obrapia  No.  23,  Havana,  to  engage 
in  the  business  of  the  purchase  and  sale  of 
sugar. 

AMERICAN  CHEWING  GUM 

The  following  table  shows  the  value  of 
American  chewing  gum  exported  to  Cuba  for 
the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1912,  1913^ 
1914,  1915,  1916,  and  for  the  9  months  ending 
March  31,  1917: 

Fiscal  years  ending  June  30 

1912 $3,234 

1913 3,661 

1914 3,441 

1915 18,766 

1916 ».979 

9  months  ending  Mar.  31,  1917..  .  17,213 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


33 


PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 

Rmda  de  In  Sociednd  Cuhana  de  Irigcnicrofi, 
jniblisliod  at  Havana,  Cuba.  The  May  mnn- 
])er  of  tliis  publication  contains  a  full  descrip- 
tion of  tlic  proposed  national  capitol,  to  be 
erected  on  the  site  of  the  present  Presidential 
palace.  The  illustrations  of  this  article 
include  the  elevation  of  the  front  of  the 
buildingr,  principal  entrance,  and  ground  plan 
of  the  building.  It  is  estimated  that  the  cost 
of  the  construction  alone  of  this  l:)uilding  will 
amount  to  $2,160,1.52.29.  This  does  not 
include  the  proposed  improvements  of  the 
grounds,  wliich  will  amoimt  to  1100.000. 


Brazil  Today  and  Tomorrow,  by  L.  E.  Elliott, 
Literary  Editor  of  the  Pan  American  Maga- 
zine, published  by  the  Macmillan  Co., 
New  York.  Price,  $2.25. 
The  author  of  this  book  first  discusses 
pre.sent  social  conditions  in  Brazil,  explain- 
ing who  the  Brazilian  is,  what  political  and 
social  events  have  moulded  him  and  what  he 
has  done  to  develop  his  territory.  Finance, 
the  monetary  conditions  of  the  coimtry,  the 
problem  of  exchange,  the  source  of  income, 
the  various  means  of  transit  and  the  indus- 
tries are  then  considered  in  succeeding  chap- 
ters. Altogether  the  work  is  a  complete  and 
extensive  survey  of  Brazil  today,  and  a  strik- 
ing forecast  of  the  country's  future,  written 
by  one  who  has  spent  many  years  in  South 
America  and  whose  knowledge  is  based  on 
personal  study  of  conditions  and  tendencies 
there. 


LINK-BELT  CO. 

This  company  has  issued  a  hanger  printed 
in  colors,  on  which  is  reproduced  a  portion  of 
President  Wilson's  proclamation  which  is  of 
particular  interest  to  manufacturers  at  the 
present  time.  The  Link-Belt  Company  will 
be  pleased  to  send  a  copy  of  this  to  anj'one 
who  will  write  to  the  Chicago  office. 

Traveling  Water  Screens  for  Condenser  In- 
takes, Book  No.  305,  published  by  the  Link- 
Belt  Co.,  Chicago,  111.  This  booklet  con- 
tains a  paper  by  Henry  J.  Edsall  which  gives 
much  information  on  the  proper  methods  of 
obtaining  water  for  condensers,  and  the  neces- 
sity for  using  proper  screens.  The  article  is 
well  illustrated  with  half-tones  and  diagrams. 

Blue  Diamond  Coal  Company's  Tipple,  pub- 
hshed  by  the  Link-Belt  Co.,  Chicago,  III. 
This  booklet  contains  illustrations  and  de- 
scriptions of  the  plant  at  Cardiff,  Ky. 


The  Ideal  Drive  for  Grain  Elevators,  Book  No- 
309,  published  by  the  Link-Belt  Co.,  Chicago, 
III.  This  hook  contains  full  descriptions  of  the 
Link-Belt  Silent  Chain  Drive,  with  various 
types  of  installations. 

ImrcasliKj  Profile  by  Sanng  Expenses  in 
the  HnmUing  and  Storing  of  Coal  and  Ashes, 
Book  No.  304,  i)ublished  by  the  Link-Belt 
Co.,  Chicago,  111.  This  is  a  full  descriptive 
paper  })y  Henry  J.  Edsall,  with  illustrations 
and  diagrams. 

Some  Modern  Coal  Tipples,  Book  No.  303, 
pul)lished  by  the  Link-Belt  Co.,  Chicago,  111. 
This  paper,  by  Henry  J.  Edsall,  M.E.,  is  illus- 
trated fully  and  exjjlains  the  essentials  of  a 
well  constructed  tipple. 

Link-Belt  Wagon  and  Truck  Loaders,  Book 
No.  270,  issued  by  the  Link-Belt  Co.,  Chicago, 
111.  This  book  is  handsomely  illustrated 
and  contains  much  infonnation  in  regard  to 
machinery  specially  built  for  handling  coal,, 
coke,  stone,  sand,  fertilizer  and  similar  loose 
materials  from  storage. 

The  Ideal  Drive  for  Cement  Mill  Equipment, 
Book  No.  253,  issued  by  the  Link-Belt  Co. 
This  booklet  is  descriptive  of  the  Link-Belt 
Silent  Chain  Drive  as  applied  to  the  operation 
of  cement  machinerj\ 

Link-Belt  Silent  Chain,  Book  No.  125, 
issued  by  the  Link-Belt  Co.  This  book  is  de- 
voted to  a  description  of  the  Link-Belt  Silent 
Chain  as  a  medium  for  the  transmission  of 
power.  The  company  furthermore  calls  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  the  Engineering  De- 
partment is  always  at  the  service  of  clients 
and  is  prepared  to  give  further  infonnation  in 
regard  to  this  apparatus. 

Link-Belt  and  Sprocket  Wheels  for  Satumills, 
Book  No.  260,  issued  by  the  Link-Belt  Co. 
This  books  describes  those  classes  of  Link- 
Belt  most  commonly  used  in  Saw  Mills,  and 
presents  only  a  few  of  the  many  varieties  that 
they  are  prepared  to  supply. 

The  Ideal  Drive  Jor  Textile  Machinery,  Book 
No.  258,  published  by  the  Link-Belt  Co., 
Chicago,  111.  This  book  describes  and  illus- 
trates the  Link-Belt  Silent  Chain  Drive,  which 
has  proven  very  successful  in  the  Textile  In- 
dustry. 


Copies  of  any  of  the  above  publication  may 
be  obtained  on  application  to  the  Link-Belt 
Co.,  Chicago,  Philadelphia,  Indianapolis. 


34 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


FORMOSAN  SUGAR 

Present  indications  are  that  the  large  sugar 
crop  in  Formosa,  which  is  reported  by  all 
authorities  as  the  largest  in  the  history  of  the 
Island  and  actually  in  excess  of  the  opti- 
mistic estimates  made  several  months  ago, 
will  affect  the  entire  sugar  business  in  F^ong- 
kong  for  the  current  season.  The  Formosan 
•crop  is  placed  by  sugar  authorities  at  about 
6,600,000  piculs,  or  about  440,000  short  tons. 
On  this  large  crop,  Japan  draws  for  much  of 
its  domestic  supply,  and  the  excess  is  sold 
abroad.  In  this  case  it  is  sold  largely  to  Cen- 
tral and  North  China,  and  these  territories 
have  been  peculiarly  the  field  for  Hongkong 
sugar  refineries  for  many  years.  The  result  is 
that  Japanese  refineries  and  sugar  exporters 
with  their  advantage  in  cheap  freights  and 
short  hauls  are  shutting  the  Hongkong  con- 
cerns out  of  the  Chinese  market.  So  far 
the  China  market, for  the  Hongkong  refineries, 
is  practically  dead. 

The  situation  is  not  promising  for  the  con- 
sumption of  the  large  Philippine  sugar  crop 
in  the  East,  but  the  general  course  of  sugar 
production  seems  to  indicate  that  there  will 
be  a  considerable  supply  available  in  the  Orient 
for  distribution  elsewhere,  if  freight  accommo- 
dations can  be  had  at  a  reasonable  rate. 
Freight  accommodations  are  working  to  the 
advantage  of  Java  sugar,  so  far  as  the  United 
States  is  concerned,  while  they  work  to  the  ad- 
vantage of  Formosan  and  Japanese  producers 
in  the  trade  in  China.  The  Philippines  and 
its  big  crop  suffer  disadvantage  either  way. 

Imports  oj  Raw  Sugar. 

So  far  this  season,  the  Hongkong  re- 
fineries have  imported  about  900,000  piculs,  or 
about  60,000  short  tons,  of  raw  sugar,  which 
is  considerably  below  the  usual  purchases. 
Of  these  imports,  subtantially  one-half  have 
come  from  Java  and  the  remainder  from  the 
Philippines  and  Formosa  in  about  equal 
amounts.  Formosa  sugar  has  been  coming 
into  this  market  in  greater  quantities  than 
«ver.  Imports  of  sugar  by  Chinese  dealers 
from  all  sources  have  been  much  below  nor- 
mal, but  of  these  imports  those  from  Formosa 
have  been  larger  than  usual.  All  sugar 
authorities  in  the  Far  East,  however,  report 
slight  movement  in  the  trade  compared  with 
what  the  large  crops  demand.  So  far  as 
China  is  concerned,  the  present  range  of  prices 


is  too  high  for  normal  consumption.  It  is 
probable  that  a  considerable  outlet  for  the 
surplus  stocks  will  be  found  in  European 
countries. — Com nl GeneralGeorge  E.  A nder.-^on, 
Hongkong. 


IMPURITIES  IN  RAW  SUGAR 

The  International  Sugar  Journal  for  June, 
1917,  contains  an  interesting  and  unusual 
article  concerning  raw  sugar  as  imported  into 
Great  Britain,  in  which  the  statement  is 
made  that  the  question  was  raised  as  to  the 
advisability  of  placing  certain  semi-refined 
Java  and  Cuban  sugars  on  the  market  for 
direct  consumption.  The  Food  Controllers' 
Department  replied  that  owing  to  the  large 
amount  of  impurities  contained  in  sugar  of 
this  class  it  was  unfit  for  consumption  in  its 
raw  state.  The  Department  further  claimed 
that  the  impurities  found  consisted  of  sand, 
clay,  specimens  of  the  sugar  louse,  and  iron, 
which  latter  element  made  it  unfit  for  the  pre- 
serving of  fruits.  The  Journal  then  asserts 
that  these  claims  have  caused  considerable 
sm-prise  to  the  sugar  world  in  general,  inas- 
much as  these  foreign  constituents  have  been 
found  only  in  certain  low  grades,  such  as 
Ilo-Ilo,  which  in  normal  times  are  never  put 
into  consumption.  Formerly,  such  charges 
might  have  been  wholly  substantiated,  but  in 
recent  times,  such  improvements  have  been 
made  in  the  process  of  refining,  that  one  must 
refuse  to  believe  that  the  average  run  of 
Cuban  centrifugals  is  unsuitable  for  use  as  a 
grocery  sugar.  If  these  charges  are  upheld 
in  the  majority  of  cases,  which  would  not 
seem  to  be  the  fact,  judging  from  the  experi- 
ence of  the  trade,  the  high  standard  of  pro- 
duction must  have  been  lowered  to  a  con- 
siderable extent. 


NEW  SUGAR  ESTATE  IN  SANTO  DqMINGO 
A  company  capitalized  at  $200,000  and  in- 
corporated under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New 
York  was  recently  organized  for  the  purpose 
of  opening  up  and  developing  a  new  sugar  es- 
tate in  the  Dominican  Republic.  It  has  pur- 
chased about  80,000  acres  of  virgin  land  in 
the  Barahona  district,  embracing  territory  on 
both  sides  of  the  Yaque  River  of  the  south 
near  its  outlet. 

While  the  character  of  the  region  is  desert, 
the  soil  is  considered  very  productive  and 
pe  -uliarly  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  sugar 


THE     C  U  n  A     K  E  \  1  E  W  35 


cane.  Tho  jjiofitahlc  dovolopiiiont  of  this  Yaquc  Kivor,  which  is  the  only  available 
enterprise  will  depend  largely,  however,  \ipon  source  from  which  the  nccesssary  water  can 
the  successful  installation  of  a  system  of  irri-  be  secured.  It  is  planned  to  utilize  the 
gation,  elaborate  plans  for  which  are  now  "Laguna  Kincon,"  which  is  situated  a  short 
under  contemplation.  A  force  of  engineers  is  distance  west  of  the  river,  as  a  reservoir,  and 
on  the  grotmd  engaged  inmaking  the  necessary  it  is  estimated  that  the  work  necessary  to  in- 
preliminary  surveys,  and  it  is  expected  that  as  stall  this  system  and  prepare  the  estate  for 
soon  as  their  work  has  been  sufliciently  ad-  the  purpose  tho  company  has  in  mind  wil 
vanced  a  formal  ai)plication  will  be  made  to  involve  an  outlay  of  $I,();)b,0:)9  to  $1, .500,001) 
the   Covermiieiit    for   i)er.i  ission    to    tap    the  —Consul  ClmKi, I  S.  Eihniuh,  SntdoDnminqi, 


SUGAR  REVIEW 


!-inci'ill!i  written  for   The  Cuba  Renew  hi/    Willelt   tt  (irty,  Xew   York,  .V.   Y. 

Our  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  June  8,  1917. 

At  that  date  Cuba  centrifugal  sugar  of  96°  test  basis  was  quoted  at  4%c.  per  lb.  cost  and 
freight  and  is  now  5 He.  showing  net  advance  of  %c.  per  lb.  during  the  time  under  review. 
Sugar  from  store  and  August  shipments  from  Cuba  sold  up  to  53^c.  c.  &  f.  on  June  2«th. 

The  changes  in  the  quotations  were  as  follows:  June  8th,  4J^c.;  20th,  4  15  16c.; 
25th,  5c.;  26th,  5i^c.;  27th,  SJ^c;  28th,  53^c.;  29th,  53^c.  The  5J^c.  c.  <K:  f.  spot  quotatiori 
remains  nominally  unchange  1  although  the  tone  and  tendency  of  the  market  th(>  past  few 
days  has  been  towards  an  easier  condition. 

The  Finance  Committee  of  the  U.  S.  Senate  has  reported  the  revenue  bill  to  the  Senate 
where  it  is  now  being  considered  for  final  action  there  before  the  Bill  goes  back  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  for  confirmation  or  conference.  As  reported  to  the  Senate  the  Bill  calls  for  the 
rescinding  of  the  present  drawback  of  Ic.  per  lb.  allowed  on  all  sugar  exports  and  imposes  an 
excise  or  internal  revenue  tax  of  l^c.  per  lb.  on  all  raw  and  refined  sugar  delivered  for  con.sump- 
tion.  The  Bill  is  not  quite  clear  as  to  whether  the  }4c.  per  lb.  is  to  be  added  also  to  sugars  ex- 
ported but  we  think  not 

Our  regular  con.sumption  figures  for  the  first  6  months  of  1917,  show  very  favorably  giviag 
2,366,542  tons  consumption,  against  2,i;37,733  tons  for  corresponding  6  months  of  1916,  an 
increase  of  10.7%.  Full  details  of  the  six  months  business  in  sugar  are  given  in  our  Statistical 
Sugar  Trade  Journal  of  July  5,  1917,  a  very  valuable  compendium,  worthy  of  special  study  but 
too  long  to  include  herewith. 

The  British  Commission  have  continued  buying  sugar  both  in  Cuba  for  raws  and  in  the 
United  States  at  advancing  limits,  in  fact  their  marking  up  their  bids  in  Cuba  from  about 
4.40c.  to  5c.  f.  o.  b.  was  the  cause  of  the  rise  which  our  American  refiners  have  had  to  pay 
recently  for  supplies 

At  length,  however,  the  absence  of  demand  in  Java  for  the  big  crop  of  l,800,0tK)  tons 
no%\-  maturing,  owing  to  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  transportation,  has  caused  a  large 
decline  in  their  market  values  with  pressure  to  sell  by  leading  operators  in  Java.  Such 
sugar  offered  for  s  le  here  had  to  be  declined  because  of  tonnage  conditions,  but  latest  reports 
indicate  that  the  British  Sugar  Commission  have  been  buying  sugars  from  Java  to  an  extent 
of  about  150,000  tons.  Such  purchasing  in  Java  will  tend  to  relieve  the  pressure  of  buying  in 
Cuba  and  the  U.  S.  and  no  doubt  give  Europe  more  full  supplies  from  October  onward.  Pur- 
chases in  Java  made  now  can  hardly  reach  Europe  in  September,  in  any  sufficient  quantity  to 
influence  the  values  of  the  nearby  months  shipments  from  Cuba  to  a  considerable  extent. 

However  at  SJ-^c.  c.  &  f.  for  Cuba  contracts,  the  market  seems  to  have  reached  a  high  point 
to  call  a  halt,  if  not  a  partial  reaction. 

Befined  sugar  has  been  in  good  demand  at  irregular  prices.  Just  now  the  quotations  for 
granulated  are:  Arbuckle  7%c.;  Federal  and  Warner  8c.;  American  and  Howell  T^c.,  all  less 
2  %  for  Cash.  Our  consumption  figures  for  the  six  months  show  that  the  country  in  general  has 
ample  stocks  of  sugar  and  indicate  a  quiet  spell  in  the  buying  of  refined  for  home  consumption 
un  il  about  September.  WILLETT  &  CRAY. 

Xew  York,  July  9,  1917. 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 


Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willett  &  Grau,  de  Ntieva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  resena  para  esta  publicaci6n  estaba  fechada  el  8  de  junio  de  1917. 

En  esa  fecha  el  azucar  Centrifugo  de  Cuba  polarizaci6n  98°  se  cotizaba  A  4J^c.  la  libra 
■costo  y  flete,  y  ahora  se  cotiza  A  53^c.,  mostrando  un  aumento  neto  de  ^c.  la  libra  durante 
«1  mes  bajo  resena.  El  azucar  en  almacen  y  de  embarques  de  agosto  de  Cuba  se  vendi6  hasta 
^  53^c.  costo  y  flete  el  29  de  junio. 

Los  cambios  en  las  cotizaciones  fueron  como  sigue:  junioS,  43^c.;  el  20,  4  15/16c.;  el  25, 
5c.;  le  26,  5>8C.;  el  27,  534c.;  el  28,  5^c.;  y  el  29,  5,l^c.  La  cotizacion  de  5Hc.  costo  y  flete 
entrega  inmediata  permanece  nominalmente  sin  cambio,  aunque  el  tono  y  tendencia  del  mer- 
cado  durante  estos  liltimos  dias  ha  sido  hacia  un  estado  mils  moderado. 

El  Comite  Financiero  del  Senado  de  los  Estados  Unidos  ha  presentado  al  Senado  el  proy- 
ecto  de  ley  de  impuestos,  en  cuya,  Cd.mara  se  estd,  ahora  debatiendo  para  un  acuerdo  final 
antes  de  que  dicho  proyecto  de  ley  vuelva  A  transmitirse  d  la  Cdmara  de  Representantes  para 
su  confirmacion  6  conferencia.  Segun  se  ha  presentado  al  Senado,  el  proyecto  de  ley  exige 
se  rescinda  la  rebaja  actual  de  Ic.  por  libra  en  todas  las  exportaciones  de  azucar,  e  impone  una 
contribuci6n  6  impuesto  interno  de  J/^c.  por  libra  en  todos  los  azucares  crudos  y  refinados  en- 
tregados  para  el  consumo.  £1  proyecto  de  ley  no  especifica  claramente  si  el  }.^c.  por  libra  ha  de 
agregarse  tambien  d  los  azucares  exportados,  pero  creemos  que  no. 

Nuesto  calculo  regular  respecto  al  consumo  de  azucar  durante  los  primeros  6  meses  de 
1917  es  en  sentido  muy  favorable,  mostrando  un  consumo  de  2,366,542  tonelad  js,  contra  2,137,- 
733  toneladas  por  los  6  meses  correspondientes  de  1916,  6  sea  un  aumento  de  10.7  por  ciento. 
En  nuestro  Trade  Journal  sobre  estadisticas  del  azucar  del  5  de  julio  de  1917  se  dan  detalles 
completes  sobre  el  negocio  del  azucar  durante  dichos  seis  meses,  un  compendio  muy  valioso 
que  merece  un  estudio  especial,  pero  que  es  demasiado  largo  para  incluirlo  aqui. 

La  Comision  Britanica  ha  continuado  comprando  azucares  crudos  tanto  en  Cuba  como 
en  los  Estados  Unidos  a  precios  de  alza  limitados,  y  en  efecto,  el  hacer  sus  ofertas  en  Cuba 
desde  unos  4.40c.  a  5c.  libre  a  bordo  fue  causa  del  alza  que  nuestros  refinadores  Americanos 
han  tenido  que  pagar  recientenmente  por  las  existencias. 

Sin  embargo,  por  fin  la  falta  de  demanda-por  azucar  de  Java  por  la  grande  cosecha  de  1,800,- 
000  toneladas  ahora, en  estado  de  madurez,debido  d  las  dificultades  en  los  medios  de  tranporte, 
ha  ocasionado  una  gran  baja  en  los  valores  de  su  mercado,  con  instancia  a  efectuar  ventas  d  e 
parte  de  los  principales  corredores  de  Java.  Dicho  azucar  ofrecido  aqui  a  la  venta  tuvo  que  ser 
rehusado  a  causa  de  las  condiciones  de  tonelaje,  pero  los  uliimos  informes  indican  que  la  Comisi6n 
Britanica  del  Azucar  ha  estado  comprando  azucares  de  Java  en  cantidad  de  unas  150,000  tone- 
ladas. Tales  compras  en  Java  contribuird  d  aminorar  la  necesidad  de  hacer  compras  en 
Cuba  y  en  los  Estados  Unidos,  e  indudablemente  proporcionard  a  Europa  mayores  existencias 
desde  octubre  en  adelante.  Las  compras  hechas  ahora  en  Java  escasamente  Uegaran  d  Europa 
en  septiembre  en  cantidad  suficiente  para  influenciar  mucho  los  jorecios  de  los  embarques  de 
Cuba  durante  los  proximos  meses. 

Sin  embargo,  d  5l^c.  costo  y  flete  por  los  contratos  de  azucar  de  Cuba,  el  mercado  parece 
haber  Uegado  d  un  punto  muy  alto  lo  suficiente  para  quedarse  ahi  ya  que  no  para  que  tenga 
lugar  alguna  reacci6n. 

El  azucar  refinado  ha  tenido  buena  demanda  d  precios  irregulares.  .Mismamente  ahora 
las  cotizaciones  por  el  azucar  granulado  son:  Arbuckle,  7^c.;  Federal  y  Warner,  Sc;  American 
y  Howell,  73^c.;  todos  menos  2%  pago  al  contado.  Nuestra  estadistica  respecto  al  consumo 
durante  los  seis  meses  muestra  que  el  pais  en  general  tiene  amplias  existencias  de  azucar  e 
indica  un  periodo  de  calma  en  las  compras  de  azucar  refinado  para  el  consumo  domcstico  hasta 
septiembre  proximamente. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Nueva  York,  julio  9,  de  1917. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


37 


Cable  Address    "Turnure" 


New  York— 64— 66  Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi- 
dends and  Interest.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 
Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 
and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS : 

HAVANA— N.  Celata  y  Ca. 

PUERTO  RICO — Banco  Comercial  da  Puerto  Rico 


LONDON— The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 
PARIS — Heine  et  Cie. 


GRAMERCY   ELECTRIC   STIRRER 

Useful  for  many  purposes  besides 
stirring. 

The  Universal  Motor  1-10  H.  P.  can 
be  operated  on  direct  current  or  alter- 
nating current ,  is  fully  enclosed  with 
aluminium  cover  and  can  be  raised 
or  lowered  as  desired.  It  is  attached 
to  the  support  by  an  adjustable 
extension  clamp.  The  heavy  iron 
support  has  a  base  16  inches  by 
25  inches.  Underneath  the  base,  a 
rheostat  with  ten  steps  is  attached, 
the  wires  passing  up  from  the  rheostat 
to  the  motor  through  the  hollow  rod. 

Gramercy   Electric   Stirrer  with  Support,  as 
Illustrated,  net  -  -  $20.00 

EIMER    &    AMEND 

HEADQUARTERS    FOR    EDUCATIONAL    AND    INDUSTRIAL    LABORATORY    SUPPLIES 
205  THIRD  AVENUE,  CORNER  18TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PITTSBURGH,   PA.  Founded    is,!.  OTTAWA.   CANADA 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 
P.  O.  BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 


We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


CAR  S 


10-4.81^    GAGE  FLATS— Length   10   ft.  6in 

Capacity  20,000  lbs. 

28-24  in.    GAGE,   8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom    Gondola 

ALL  STEEL  CONSTRUCTION 

Length   19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10  Tons- 
Weight  7,500  lbs. 
FIRST-CLASS     CONDITION 
Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe  Flat  Cars 
PROMPT  SHIPMENT       .-.      LOW  PRICE 

RAILS,      LOCOMOTIVES,      CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 


38 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and  Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


30% 

m&s  de 
cana 


PATENTE  PELAEZ 

Esta  maza  puede  colocarse  facilmente  en  oualquier  trapiche,  sea  de  dos  6  tres  maEas.  Machuca  bien  la 
oafia  desmenuzdndola  y  extrayfindole  almismo  tiempo  las  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  guarapo,  dejando  la  cafta  bien 
preparada  para  el  segundo  trapiche.  Ejecuta  todo  el  trabajo  de  una  desmenuzadora  de  primera  clase  y  sin  md» 
gasto  que  ouando  se  opera  con  una  maza  lisa.  Esta  maza  es  de  acero  y  se  ha  sacado  privilegio  para  ella  en  todae 
las  partes  del  mundo  donde  se  cultiva  la  cana  de  azticar.  Pues  envienos  un  dibujo  de  la  maza  superior  que  usan 
U  is  asl  que  de  su  eje,  y  les  cotizaremos  precioa  bajos  por  una  maza  completa  para  desmenuzar  la  cafia  de  este 
trapiche. 

NEWELL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  149  Broadway,  New  York,  E.  U.  A. 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1   WALL  ST,    NEW  YORK 


Pedro  Pablo   Diago 


Guillermo  Carricaburu 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.  A.   MERCHANT 
J.  T.   MONAHAN 
CHAS.   F.   PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES     - 


President 
Vice-President 
CasKiier 
Asst.  Cashier 


LOUIS    V.    PLACE   CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP    BROKERS 

76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,  Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:  "PLAC6" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET  .-.         NEW     YORK 

Published  Weekly 

Subscription    Price  ::         $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sam-ple  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Pleaae  menlion   THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  writing  to  Adnerlisers 


THECUBA     REVIEW  39 


POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,   80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL   STATION   from 
5  A.  M.   to  8  P.  M.        Last   train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every    hour    daily    fronn     CENTRAL  STATION  from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.     Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) $0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Cabafias  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brass 

Castings.     Light  and  Heavy  Forgings.     All  kinds  of  Machinery  Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.   KLING,   Prop.  MORIT  F       AI  A 

JAS.  S.  BOQUE,  Supt.  IVlV-TDll-IL,     /\luJ\. 


THE    AMERICAN     PHOTO    CO 

PHOTOGRAPHY  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES 

Construcfon,  Minint;  and  Sugar-Mill  Work  a  specialty.  We  are  the  larf;e^t,  best 
equipped  and  most  experienced  house  in  Cuba  Sampler  and  estimates  submitte  1 
upon  request.    Let  us  help  you  make  your  advertisements  convincing. 

HAVANA  OerSPO  70  CUBA 


Telephone,  33  Hamilton.     Night  Call.  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:     "Abiworka,"  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forgings, Iron  and  Brass  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,   Oil  Fuel  Initallatlon,  Carpenter   and   Joiner    work 

i;i?  frnTYlrllir''  ]^'"  """"*<>"  ^'"^  Brooklyn,  n.  y. 

Aganta  for  "Kinchorn"  Multiplex  Valra 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE 

TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 

CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

I  n t • n d 1 n  (       Inv«*tor« 

OFFICERS 
Gorman  H.  Davii      -     -     -     .     .     President 
Oiwald  A.  Horniby   -     -     -     -  Vioe-President 

Claudio  Q.  Mendoia       ...  Vioe-President 
F.  M.  Hopgood     ------    Treaaurer 

Rogelio  Carbajal  ------     Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner    •     -  Mgr.  Real  Eatate  Dept 

P.    RUIZ 

•a 

BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

CARRITO  DE  LINEA 

Para  Pasajeros,  Equipajes,    Carga  y   Materiales  y 
Herramientos  de  Reparaciones.     Fuerte  y 
Muy  Otil.      Dos  Tamanos. 

HORACE  F.   RUGGLES,   M.E.,   Fabricante 

108  Wall  Street,  New  York 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADU    EN   1S09 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserve 13,236,000 

Activo  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  St». 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en  Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espafia  6  lalas  Caiiajias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

&    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeros  en  Libras 

Esterlinas   6   Pesetas,   valederas   estas   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la  Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -      -      -      OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established   1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  th«   Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-S 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi- 
ness— Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  CONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable   Address,   "Tide,  New   York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  unitinc  to  Advertisers 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1  No.l7  No.  3  No.  7  No.  5    « 

P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  A.  M.  .\.  M.   S 


10.30 


5.28 


8.50 

n 
10. 

p. 
1. 


p.  M 


5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
p.  M. 


3.10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.  M. 

3.00 

3.30 


P.  M 


10.01 
11.58 


7.40 
10.10 


58 
2.18  12.33  109 


4.40 
8.40 


6.45 
P.  M. 


3.38 
6.45 


6.40 
8.00 


10.30  340 
,P.  M. 
,520 

538 


Havana 


Lv.  .Central Station.  .Ar. 


Ar.  .  .  Matanzas.  ....  Lv. 
Ar .  . .  .  Cardenas .....  Lv. 


Ar Sagua . . . 

Ar. . .  .Caibarien. 


.Lv. 
.Lv. 


Ar.  . .  Santa  Clara.  .  . .  Lv. 
At.  .  .  Cionf ucgos Lv. 


Ar.  .SanctiSpiritus.  .  .Lv. 

Ar.  .Ciegode  Avila.  .  .Lv. 

Ar. .  .  .Camaguey.  .  .  .  Lv 

Ar Antilla Lv 

Ar.  Santiago de Cuba.  Lv, 


No.  2  No.18  No.  4  No.  8  No.  6  No.lO 

A.  M.  A.  M.  P.  M.P.  M.  P.  M.  A.  M. 


7.36 

5.31 
12.45 
P.  M. 
8.00 
5.30 
A.M. 
12.10 


9.13    2.06    6.39 

6.45  12.00:  4.44 

5.00    9.12    1.05 

A.M 

12.00 
8.20 


P.M. 
8.25 

7.35 

4.55 

A.M. 

7.40 

6.55 


A.M. 


6.20 


1.55 
P.M. 
11.20 

2.30 
2.00 


8.00 
A.M. 


P.M. 


9.05 


6.28 
4.25 


6.20 


00 ; 


10.00 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


From  Havana  to                                                         Berth  Compartment. 

Cienf  uegos $3.00  .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00  $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50  10.00 

Antilla 5.00  14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00  14.00 

ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


U.  S.  Cy. 
Antilla $23.33 


Batabano . 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

Cienf  uegos 

Colon 

Guantanamo . . . 
Holguin 


1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines 

Madruga 

Manianillo 

Matanzas 

Placetas 

Remedios 

Sagua 

San  Antonio 

Sancti  Spiritus. . . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  leas  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  "WEEK-END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 

on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Bend  thrwoent.  in  atampe.for';CuU-A  Winter  P8radise.'^aWu-    United    RallwayS    of     HaVaiUl 


tiful  illustrated  booklet  describing    interesting   trips 

FRANK  ROBERTS,   General   PassanKer  A««nt. 


Prado,   118,   Havana,    Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET,  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION     MERCHANTS 
Importacidn    directa    de    todas    los 
centros  manufactureros   del  mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espafia 
Independencia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS,   CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 

OF    EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

112      Wall      Street,      New     York 

Near   South  Street 
56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 
Telephones: 


Yard: 
Office,  1905  John 


Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING  ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
Piers,  Bridges,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


We  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all   classes    of    contracting    work    in    Cuba. 

New  York  OfHce: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Muiiro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cable    Address:    Kunomale,    New    York 
Telephone,  2492  South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 
Maritime    Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar  Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  po$\lion  to  push  tkt  talei  of 

American  high  clais  products.    Would 

ripretent  a  first  class  firm 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 


M.  J.  CABANA 


CO  M  M  I88I  ON 
MERCHANT 


P.  O.  Box  3,  CamaKuey 

Handles  all  linea  of  merohandiae  either  on  a  oom- 
mission  basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  east- 
ern Cuba. 


F.  W.  HTOalef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Miohalsea 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshipAgents&ShipBroksrs 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

CahU:   "J>«nMtM" 


Pleage  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  XBrUing  to  AdvertUeri 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


S.S.   MUNAMAR 


NEW  YORK-CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER  AND  FREIGHT 

New  York        Antilla         Xuevitas  Xuevitas  New  Vort 

Leave             Arri.re             Arrire              Leave  Leave 

SS.  MUNAAIAR.          Aug;.  11         Ausi;.  lo         Aus.  17  Ano;.  19  Aug.  23 

SS.  MUNAMAR.          Aug.  25         Aug.  29         Aug.  ;U  Sept.    2  Sept.    6 

FREIGHT   ONLY 

Regular  sailings  for  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagua,  Caibarien,    Pto. 
Padre,  Gibara,  Alanati  and  Banes. 


MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER Havana,  Matanzas Aug.     3 

A  STEAMER Caibarien,  Santiago,  Cienfuegos Aug.     7 

SS.  MUNISLA Havana,  Sagua Aug.  10 

SS.  VERATVR Havana,  Matanzas Aug.  17 

A  STEAMER Havana,  Cardenas Aug.  24 

SS.  iNIUNlSLA Havana,  Matanzas Aug.  31 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 


A  STEAMER. 


FREIGHT  ONLY 

.  .Aug.  20  for  .Montivideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER \ugust   2d  and    Kith 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports  of  ca 

without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904=1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
f  r  Tt-  value  for  solutions  de- 
l„-..;iir.g  incrustations  on  the 
evaporating     tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

'WILMINGTON.    DEL. 

S.    MORRIS     LILLIE,    President 


Grand  Prize  awarded  for  Locomotives  at  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifiraiions  Furnished  on  AppHcalion 
REPRESENTATIVES   FOR  THE  WEST  INDIES 

WALLACE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 


Cable  Addresses:    "BALDWIN,   PHILADELPHIA."   "LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


PUaae  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  wrUing  to  Advertisers 


til 


m 


I .'.  4>^*  *|| 


«>k       >.Vhi 


/, 


^^i^' 


|7  lb  Gents  A  Copy 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


LINK -BELT 

Elevators    and    Conveyors 

For   Bagasse,   Sugar,  etc. 

THROUGH    long    years    of    reliable    service,    Link-Belt 
Machinery  has  become  a   recognized   standard    for  the 
handling  of  sugar  cane,  bagasse,  etc.,  from  the   field   to 
the  finished  product. 

Our  engineers  are  specialists  in  designing  sugar  handling 
machinery.  Let  them  work  out  your  problems.  We  make 
no  charge  for  advice,  layouts  or  estimates. 

Link-Belt  Alachinery  includes  :  Elevators  and  Conveyors 
for  every  service,  Juice  Strainers,  Bagasse  Carriers  and 
Feeders,  Field  Transfers  for  Sugar  Cane,  Car  Dumpers,  Roller 
Chains,  Link-Belt  Sprocket  Wheels,  Transmission  Machinery, 
etc.,  etc. 

Link-Belt  Company 


299   BROADWAY 


NEW  YORK  CITY 


JAMES  M.  MOTLEY 


71  BEAVER  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


Gerente  del  Departamento  de  Veritas  en  el  Extranjero  de 


THE  WEIR  FROG  COMPANY 
PENNSYLVANIA  BOILER  WORKS 
THE  JOHN  H.  McGOWAN  CO. 
THE  RAHN-LARMON  CO. 


CLEVELAND  PUNCH   AND  SHEAR  WORKS  CO. 
DUNCAN,  STEWART  &  CO.,  LTD. 
STANDARD  WATER  SYSTEMS  CO. 
STANDARD  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY  CO. 


Los  produotos  de  estas  FAbricas  abarcan: 


Locomotoras  Livianas 
Gruas  sobre  Ruedas 
Carros:    Para  Cafia 
Para  Carga 
Para  Obras  de 

Construccion 
Carriles  y  accesorios 
Via  Portitil 
Ranas  y  Chuchos 
Puentes  de  Acero 
Edificios  de  Acero 
Maquinas  de  Izar 
Aserraderos 
Calderas 
Mdquinas  d,  Vapor 
M  Aquinas  &  Petroleo 
Mdquinas  a  Gasolina 
Bombas  Mdquinas  para  Taladrar  Metales  Calentadores  de  Agua  para  Calderas 

Tanques  Acepilladoras  para  Metales  Alambiques  para  Agua 

Tornos  Punzones  y  Cizallas  para  Metales  Evaporadores  de  Serpentines 

Prensas  para  Ruedas  Ejes,  Poleas  y  Accesorios  Mdquinaria  Frigorifica 

Trapiches,  Desmenuzadoras  y  toda  clase  de  Mdquinaria  para  Ingenios  de  Aziicar 
A  solicitud  se  remiten  catdlogos  y  presupuesios. 
Direccion  cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New   York  (Se  usan  todas  las  claves.) 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


1^  A  UIJ/^C    PARA  TODOS  USDS  y  cic  todos  tamanos,  de  los  para  cana  con  cuatro    ruedas  y  capa- 

V*^^*^**w^   cidad  de   1  >4   toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toneladai 

Hacemos    una    especialidad    de    juegos    de    herrajes,    inctuyendo    los   juegos 

de  ruedas,  completameiite  armados,  con   todas  las  pxczas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

completes    para    construir    los    carros    a    su    dcstinu    de    maderas    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


CABi.r:  Address: 
Ramai.iam 


HOLBROOK    TOWING    LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 

Ph.ne.H..nover      §2  REAVER  ST,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A.      ^iSi^^lg. 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 


SUGARS 


RAW  ANQ 
REFINED 


82   WALL  STREET,   NEW   YORK 

Publishers  of  Daily   and   Weekly   Statistical   Sugar  Trade  Journal— the   recognized  authority  of  the  trad*. 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET   ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


•     •    - 

■ 

B 

; 

l» 

1  !  r 

1 

•1 

1 

MBjp  -  |--~- 

1""      1    ■iiBP     r 

Ti 

IMMW       "*"* 

a 

^ar\ 

El  grabado  ensefia  uno  de  nuestroa  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cana. 

Tenemos  otros  tipos  de  capacidades  varias  y  hemos  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carros  para  caCa  para 
U80  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  America-Central  y  Mexico,  que  tienen  jaules  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
struidas  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cana. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO,  NEW  YORK,  E.U.A. 

Direcci6n  telegrdfica:     NALLIM,  New  York.  Produccidn  annual  de  mds  de   100,000  carroi. 

Repreaentante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B.  CINTAS,  Oficios  29-31,  Havana. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


FOR  MOLASSES  USE 


MATERIAL 
FABRICATED 


OfflealnTulM, 
Oklahoma,   Gallais  BIdg. 

272S  Whitehall  BuUdlnc 
NEW  YORK 


H  A1VIOINI3  T  yVlNK: 


STEEL  TANKS 


COMPLETE 
OR  ERECTED 

Loa  Angeles  Office 

414   Grosse  Building 

Spring  &  Sixth 

Ag«nU  in  Cuba: 
ELLIS  BROTHERS 

28  San  Ignacio,   Havana,   Cuba 


BUILT  BY 


HAMMOND  IRON  WORKS,  Warren,  Pa.,  U.S.A. 


Write  for  our 
Descriptive  Catalog 


Insist  upon 
Walker's   **LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
•'Lion"  BrassTrade  Mark  Labels  and  Seals  attached. 

James  Walker  &  Company,  Ltd. 


27   THAMES   STREET,   NEW    YORK   CITY 

,  Sole  Agent  for  Cuba 

JOSE    L.    VILLAAMIL 

Santa     Clara     29,     Havana,     Ctxba 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  MP 
5  152 
154 
.6 
6 
7 
8 
P 


PM 


P  M 
2  IS 
4  15 


P  M 


AM 

10  r 

12  15 


PM 


AM 
6  65 
8  33 
10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


A  M 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 
AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .  Ar 

Ar Artemiea Lv 

Ar Paso  Real Lv 

Ar Herradura Lv 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio Lv 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 
3dcl 
$1.10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 


A  M 
7  49 
5  45 


A  M 


AM 
11  09 
9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 


AM 
11  47 
9  45 


AM 


P  M 
3  49 
1  45 


P  M 
6  47 
4  45 


P  M 


6  38 
3  00 

P  M 


P  M 
09 


35 
04 
47 
00 
30 
P  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  ct».  I  Rancho  Boyero* 1§  *;^*- 

Calabazar 10  "       I  Santiago  de  la*  Vega«    ....     ZO 

Rincon 25  ct«. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


Please  Mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  uhen  Writing  to  Advertisers. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 
An  Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92  Beaver  Street,  New  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 


$L00  Per  Year 


SUBSCRIPTION 

Advertising  Rates  on  Application 


10  Cents  Single  Copy 


Vol.  XV                       AUGUST.   1917                           No.  9 
Contents  of  This  Number 

f  ■|)Vor  Page — Banana  Tree 
Frontispiece — Colon  Park. 
All  Around  Cuba: 

Baiagua  Sugar  Co 12 

Bird  House  and  Gardens,  Cienfuegos,  illustrations 14 

Central  Aniistad,  illustration 13 

Central  J.,uisa  Condesa 12 

Central  Railway  Yards,  Cienfuegos,  illustration \^ 

Cuba  Railroad  Yards  at  Nuevitas,  illustration 12 

Cuban  Central  Railway  Station,  Cienfuegos,  illustration lo 

Laurel  Tree,  illustration 13 

Market  for  Imitation  Leather 12 

Memorial  Tablet , 12 

New  Hospital  Building  at  Cienfuegos,  illustration 10 

Nipe  Bay  Co 12 

Commerce  of  the  United  States 22,  23 

Cuba,  by  Consul  General  James  L.  Rodgers,  Havana 17,   18,  10 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

American  Construction  Materials  for  Cuba 34 

Statistics  of  Yellow  Pine  Lumber 34 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

Cuba  Submarine  Telegraph  Co o 21 

Guaranty  Trust  Co 21 

National  Surety  Co 21 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Securities 21 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban  Railroads 20 

Cuban  Government  Matters: 

British  Investors 10 

Col.  Collazo S 

Col.  Jose  Marti,  portrait 10 

Constitution  Suspended <" 

Cuban  Army 8,  10 

Cuban  Ports  Co 7 

Cuban  Navy 10 

Cuban  Rebels 7 

Gen.  Maximo  Gomez  and  Family,  portrait 0 

German  Ships 8 

Gustave  Garcia  Menocal 10 

Government  Loan 7 

Maximo  Gomez  Statue    !• 

New  Portfolio 0 

Treaty  with  Spain 10 

Mr.  Elias  Ponvert 1  '> 

Growth  in  Cuba's  Foreign  Trade 2-i 

Havana  Correspondence 11 

Publications  Received 34,  35 

Savannah  Sugar  Refining  Co 1  <) 

Sugar  Industry: 

Chart — Exports  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar  to  Europe 32 

Chart — Price  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar 30 

Cost  of  American  Cane-Sugar  Compared  with  Cuban 20 

European  Shipments 33 

Final  Report  on  Beet  Sugar,  1916 31 

Indian  Sugar  Industry 33 

Netherlands  Sugar 31 

Residence — Stewart  Sugar  Estate,  illustration 2.5 

Sugar  at  Six  Cents 31 

Sugar  Crop  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands 38 

Sugar  Industry  of  Cuba,  by  Consul  CJeneral  Henry  H.  Morgan,  illustrated 25,  20,  27,  28 

Sugar  Review,  English 35,  30 

Sugar  Review,  Spanish 30 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


Colon  Park,  Where  the  Statue  of  General  Maximo  Gomez  is  to  be  Erected. 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL   AP.OUT   CUBA" 

Copyright,  1917,  by  the  Munson  Steamship  Line 


Volume   XV 


AUGUST,   1917 


Number   9 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


CONSTITUTION  SUSPENDED 

President  Menocal  recently  saspended 
the  constitutional  guarantees  and  called  an 
extra  session  of  Congress.  The  decree  sus- 
pending the  guarantees  gives  as  a  reason  the 
state  of  war  existing  between  Cuba  and 
Germany,  but  it  is  believed  in  political  circles 
that  the  real  reason  was  the  differences  which 
have  arisen  between  the  President  and  Con- 
gress. 


CUBAN  PORTS  COMPANY 

President  Menocal  has  appointed  the  men 
into  whose  hands  he  will  entrust  the  finding 
of  a  solution  of  the  dispute  between  Cuba 
and  the  holders  of  the  bonds  of  the  defunct 
Cuban  Ports  Co.  Jose  .4ntonio  del  Cueto, 
the  chief  magistrate  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
was  appointed  chairman,  while  other  com- 
missioners are  Dr.  Eicardo  Dolz,  the  speaker 
of  the  Senate,  and  Br.  Leopoldo  Cancio,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  decree  of  the  President  follows  the 
law  recently  passed  by  Congress  authorizing 
the  President  to  take  steps  as  he  deemed  fit 
to  reach  a  settlement  with  the  persons  who 
hold  the  bonds  of  the  Cuban  Ports  Co. 

The  Port  Docks  Company,  known  as  the 
"dragado,"  was  formed  during  the  Gomez 
administration  to  clean  and  dredge  the  ports 
of  the  island.  The  company  was  to  receive 
a  certain  percentage  of  revenues  paid  to  the 
government  on  merchandise  entering  Cuba. 
Its  bonds  were  sold  principally  in  the  United 
States  and  England. 


When  President  Menocal  entered  office 
he  cancelled  the  conce.ssion.  It  is  under- 
stood the  American  and  British  govern- 
ments protested  against  his  action,  on  behalf 
of  purchasers  of  the  company's  bonds. 


GOVERNMENT  LOAN 

President  Menocal  sent  a  message  to  Con- 
gress vetoing  the  .130,000,000  measure  passed 
by  both  Foases.  The  reason  for  vetoing 
the  measure  is  said  to  be  that  it  did  not  in- 
clude the  stamp  tax  clause  recommended 
by  him. 


CUBA'S  MONEY 

The  Treasury  Department,  in  a  statement, 
announces  the  distribution  of  Cuba's  treas- 
ury funds  on  June  30th,  as  follows:  In  the 
treasury,  Cuban  currency,  .?l,110,ol0.00; 
in  the  treasury,  American  currency,  .$1,581,- 
314.82;  in  the  National  Bank  of  Cuba,  $880,- 
792.45,  and  in  the  Poyal  Bank  of  Canada, 
$43.45.  The  various  items  make  a  grand 
total  of  $3,572,660.72. 


CUBAN  REBELS  SPARED 

President  Menocal  has  issued  a  decree 
commuting  to  life  imprisonment  the  death 
.sentences  passed  by  a  military  tribunal  on 
Colonel  Quinones,  Captain  Izquierda  and 
Lieutenants  Calzadilla  and  Roldos,  who  were 
convicted  of  sedition  and  rebellion  jn.^con- 
nection  with  the  recent  uprising. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT   MATTERS 


THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Captain  Geo.  Reno  of  the  Cuban  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  has  arrived  in  the  United 
States  in  order  to  have  a  conference  with 
Mr.  Herbert  C.  Hoover  in  regard  to  the  food 
situation  in  Cuba. 

There  are  many  problems  which  confront 
Cuba  imder  present  conditions. 

Captain  Reno  fully  realizes  the  importance 
of  Cuba's  producing  other  crops  besides 
sugar  and  tobacco  in  order  that,  by  means 
of  the  diversity  of  crops  and  more  attention 
to  cattle  raising,  the  Cuban  people  will  not  be 
compelled  to  im]Dort  such  large  quantities  of 
foodstuffs  as  is  done  imder  present  conditions. 


CUBAN  ARMY 

Colonel  .Miguel  Varona  has  been  appointed 
Chief  of  the  General  Staff  of  the  Cuban  Army. 

It  has  been  determined  by  Presidential 
decree  that  the  pay  of  the  members  of  the 
regular  army  and  militia,  during  the  period 
of  insurrection  in  Cuba  is  to  be  doubhd.  This 
increase  will  cover  the  period  from  February 
10th  to  June  20th. 


COLONEL  COLLAZO 

Colonel  Rosendo  Collazo  of  the  Cuban 
Army,  who  has  been  in  conference  at  Wash- 
ington with  officers  of  the  United  States 
Army  General  Staff,  has  left  for  a  tour  of  the 
country,  to  inspect  the  various  national  army 
ctntonments,  and  to  report,  on  his  return 
to  Havana,  on  the  workings  of  the  selective 
draft  in  the  United  States,  to  President  Men- 
ocal  of  Cuba. 

Colonel  Collazo  effected  the  captiu-e  last 
March,  during  the  Cuban  uprising,  of  former 
President  Jose  Miguel  Gomez  with  his  staff, 
thus  putting  a  stop  to  the  activities  of  the 
rebels  on  the  island.  He  is  known  in  Cuba 
as  a  tactical  expert  and  a  student  of  military 
affairs. 

In  his  tour  of  the  United  States,  Colonel 
Collazo  expects  to  visit  the  Plattsburg  camp, 
two  large  national  training  grounds  in  the 
State  of  New  York,  one  in  Indiana,  and  one 
in  South  Carolina,  and  to  visit  as  well  various 
arsenals  and  depots  where  army  equipment 
is  produced  and  stored,  so  that  when  the  time 
arrives  in  Cuba,  everything  will  be  in  readi- 
ness for  procedure  along  the  most  efficient 
and  vigorous  lines. 


GERMAN  SHIPS 

The  Cuban  government  has  turned  over 
to  the  United  States  the  five  German  mer- 
chant ships  siezed  in  Cuban  ports  when  Cuba 
declared  war  on  Germany.  The  ships  will 
be  made  ready  for  repair  and  operation. 


REGULATIONS  FOR  PHYSICIANS 

The  Secretary  of  Sanitation  approved  the 
resolution  adopted  by  the  National  Council 
of  Sanitation  to  the  effect  that  all  doctors 
who  are  engaged,  or  will  hereafter  engage, 
in  professional  practice  in  Cuba,  under  dip- 
lomas obtained  in  other  countries,  must 
present  themselves  to  the  authorities  of  the 
National  University  for  such  examination 
as  these  may  deem  desirable,  to  have  their 
titles  considered  valid. 


NATIONAL  MEDICAL  CONGRESS 

President  Menocal  has  approved  the  bill 
granting  an  appropriation  of  $6,000  to  assist 
in  meeting  the  expenses  of  the  forthcoming 
Fourth   National  Cuban  Medical  Congress. 


SCHOOLS 


President  Menocal  has  signed  the  bill 
recently  voted  by  Congress  providing  for  the 
estabUshment  of  900  new  schools  in  the 
RepubUc,  to  be  distributed  throughout  the 
six  provinces. 


CONSULS  AND  DIPLOMATS 

All  members  of  the  Cuban  diplomatic  and 
consular  service  abroad  are  to  receive  salary 
increases  of  30  per  cent,  by  a  statute  passed 
by  Congress  and  which  General  .Menocal 
approved. 


TEACHERS  PENSIONS 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Teachers'  Association 
of  Havana,  the  question  of  obtaining  a  law 
whereby  teachers  woidd  be  pensioned  at  the 
end  of  their  service  was  again  discussed,  and 
it  was  thought  that  the  matter  would  again 
be  presented  to  the  Cuban  Congress. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN    GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


Cieneral    Alaxiiuo    Ouiiit'z    ami    1-aniilv 


MAXIMO  GOMEZ  STATUE 

The  Cuban  Congress,  in  .May,  1916, 
passed  a  law  appropriating  $200,000,  to  be 
devoted  to  the  erection  of  a  bronze  equestiian 
statue  of  the  celebrated  General  Maximo 
Gomez.  A  Commission!  was  ai)pointed  to 
have  charge  of  the  matter  and  Colonel  Villa- 
Ion  is  the  President  of  the  Commission. 

The  Commission  has  announced  a  com- 
petition, open  to  Cuban  and  foreign  sculptors, 
who  are  requested  to  submit  their  designs 
for  this  monument.  The  Commission  has 
issued  a  book  which  specifies  the  rules  under 
which  designs  are  to  be  submitted  by  sculp- 
tors. These  designs  must  be  submitted  be- 
fore March  31,  1918. 

Three  prizes  will  be  awarded  for  the  best 
designs  submitted: 

First  prize -510,000 

Second  prize 5,000 

Third  prize 2,000 

The  Commission  has  determined  that  the 
site  of  the  statue  will  be  in  the  center  of  the 
Parque  de  Colon. 


The  book  which  the  Committee  has  issued 
is  very  beautifully  printed  and  contains  a 
biography  of  General  Gomez,  many  photo- 
graphs of  the  General,  and  also  gives  much 
information  which  would  be  of  value  to  the 
sculptors  in  making  their  designs. 


NEW  PORTFOLIO 

The  bill  passed  by  Congress,  creating  the 
portfoho  of  War  and  Xavy  in  the  cabinet, 
has  been  signed. 

WAGE  INCREASE  MEASURE 

The  House  of  Representatives  received 
back  from  the  President,  with  his  veto,  the 
bill  passed  by  Congress  in  thel  ast  session, 
increasing  the  wages  of  all  workmen  engaged 
on  public  works  to  a  minimum  of  SI. .50  a  day_ 


SANITATION 


President  .Menocal  has  appointed  six 
supervisors  of  sanitation,  one  for  each  of  the 
provinces:  Pinar  del  Rio,  Havana,  Matanzas, 
Santa  Clara,  Camaguey  and  Oriente. 


10 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


Col.  Jose   Marti,  who   has  been  appointed 
Secretary  in  the  recently  created  portfolio 
of  the  War  and  Navy. 

CUBAN  NAVY 

It  is  reported  that  the  Cuban  Navy  wiU 
be  augmented  by  the  addition  of  new  boats, 
and  furthermore  the  Navy's  personnel  will 
be  reorganized. 


BRITISH  INVESTORS 
According  to  financial  articles  appearing  in 
the  newspapers  published  in  Great  Britain, 
great  interest  is  taken  in  the  possibility  of 
the  settlement  of  the  bonds  of  the  Cuban 
Ports  Company.  British  investors  purchased 
a  large  amount  of  these  securities,  beUeving 
that  they  were  absolutely  guaranteed  by  the 
Government  of  Cuba  and,  therefore,  forming 
a  safe  and  desirable  investment.  When  Presi- 
dent Menocal  succeeded  President  Gomez,  the 
legality  of  the  concession  granted  the  Cuban 
Ports  Company  was  brought  into  quesdon, 
and  after  a  long  legal  contest,  it  was  decided 
that  the  concession  granted  by  the  Cuban 
Government  to  the  Cuban  Ports  Company 
was  unconstitutional,  and  this  decision  seri- 
ously affected  the  holders  of  the  securities  of 
the  Cuban  Ports  Company.  British  investors 
were  naturally  very  uneasy  as  to  the  final 


result  of  their  investment.  The  recent  action 
of  the  Cuban  Congress  in  authorizing  Presi- 
dent Menocal  to  settle  the  claims  of  the  hold- 
ers of  the  securities  of  the  Cuban  Ports  Com- 
pany has  had  the  effect  of  encoiuaging  the 
British  and  other  holders  of  these  securities. 


GUSTAVO  GARCIA  MENOCAL 
Gustavo  Garcia  Menocal,  brother  of  Presi- 
dent Mario  G.  Menocal  and  Representative 
in  Congress  from  the  Provinces  of  Matanzas, 
died  at  his  home  near  Havana  July  18.  He 
bore  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  in  the 
Cuban  war  of  independence. 


CIENFUEGOS 
Acting  Mayor  Florencio  Guerra  of  Cien- 
fuegos  was  assassinated  July  30  as  he  was 
about  to  enter  his  home  on  the  outskirts  of 
that  city. 


TREATY  WITH  SPAIN 
For  a  long  time  past,  a  new  treaty  has  been 
pending  between  Spain  and  Cuba,  and  many 
negotiations  have  taken  place,  but  no  agree- 
ment has  been  reached.  The  only  treaty 
at  present  in  existence  between  Cuba  and 
Spain  is  not  suffi.ciently  comprehensive  in 
its  provisions  to  properly  regulate  commer- 
cial intercourse  between  the  two  countries. 
Every  year  a  large  number  of  Spanish  emi- 
grants come  to  Cuba.  These  emigrants  are 
employed  principally  on  the  sugar  estates, 
and  the  manner  in  which  this  emigration 
traffi.c  is  handled  has  never  been  satisfactory 
to  either  Spain,  Cuba  or  the  emigrants,  and 
it  is  thought  that  if  this  new  treaty  is  made, 
these  vexed  questions  will  be  adjusted  to  the 
satisfaction  of  all  concerned. 


LA  GLORIA 
The  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  La  Gloria 
has  presented  a  claim  for  |"50,000,  which 
amount  rer  resents  damages  that  were  caused 
to  the  residents  of  La  Gloria  on  account  of 
the  recent  insurrection. 


CUBAN  ARMY 
President  Menocal  has  issued  a  decree  rais- 
ing the  pay  of  the  officers  and  commanders  of 
the  Cuban  Army  as  follows:  First  sergeant, 
$600  per  year;  second  sergeant,  $540  per  year; 
third  sergeant,  $300  per  year;  corporals,  .$300 
per  year,  and  enlisted  men,  $276  per  year. 


T  H  E    C  U  B  A     11  E  V  I  E  W  U 


HAVANA  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  Avisa(l(rr  Conurnal  reports  thiit  for  tlie  fiscal  year  ended  June  :{(),  1917,  tliere  were 
2,374  vessels  arrmnf^  at  the  port  of  Tfavana.  This  is  the  largest  annual  nuinl)er  reported.  The 
previous  largest  number  w;us  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  191G,  amounting  to  2,101. 

Prior  to  the  Cireat  War  the  rice  imported  here  from  the  Orient  was  generally  transhipped 
at  Furopean  jrorts,  but  on  account  of  war  conditions,  until  recently  this  rice  came  in  cargo  lots 
direct  from  India  in  British  steamers.  During  the  past  month  two  Japanese  steamers  have 
arrived  from  India  via  the  Panama  (.'anal  with  exclusive  rice  cargoes,  and  we  understand  more 
are  to  follow.  We  might  add  that,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  Japanese  steamers  which  have 
arrived  here  this  year  with  coal  from  American  ports,  the  Japanese  flag,  we  believe,  has  never 
been  seen  in  this  port  on  any  class  of  vessel. 

The  matter  of  Havana's  water  supply  is  one  that  is  receiving  a  great  deal  of  attention  at  the 
present  time.  Some  authorities  insist  that  the  Vento  Springs,  which  supply  the  City,  are  more 
than  ample  for  its  requirements,  while  others  claim  it  will  be  necessary  to  secure  an  additional 
supply  from  other  nearby  sources.  The  fact  remains  that  there  has  been  considerable  complaint 
lately  over  shortage  of  water  in  different  parts  of  the  city  and  a  commission  is  to  be  appointed 
to  study  this  question  with  a  view  to  remedying  the  shortage. 

^^■hile  there  are  no  particular  new  developments  regarding  oil  wells  here,  there  have  been  a 
number  of  new  companies  organized  since  our  last  advices  and  a  great  deal  of  enthusiasm  exists 
as  to  future  prospects. 

The  sugar  crop  is  very  promising  and  sugar  has  now  reached  record  prices  with  good  pros- 
pects of  going  still  higher.    There  is  no  particular  news  to  report  regarding  tobacco  business. 

The  Austrian  steamer  "Virginia,"  the  only  one  interned  in  this  Island,  was  sold  to  an 
American  steamship  company  and  put  under  the  American  flag  on  July  26th.  She  is  at  present 
undergoing  repairs,  and  when  they  have  been  completed,  she  will  sail,  we  imderstand,  for  an 
American  port. 

According  to  a  decree  signed  by  President  Menocal  on  July  14,  when  crude  oil  or  residum 
of  petroleum  is  imported  into  Cuba  to  be  used  as  fuel,  or  for  the  operation  of  mining  machinery, 
or  by  the  Government  for  sanitary  purposes,  or  by  the  Government  for  road  uses  of  all  kinds, 
the  duty  will  be  only  one-tenth  of  a  cent  per  gallon  plus  a  port  improvement  tax  of  10c.  for  each 
168  gallons.  The  duties  heretofore  in  effect  will  again  apply  as  soon  as  the  native  production 
is  sufficient  to  supply  two-thirds  of  the  oil  required  for  the  uses  mentioned  above.  We  under- 
stand that  one  of  the  principal  reasons  for  passing  this  law  was  so  that  sugar  mills  and 
the  mining  industry  might  use  crude  oil  as  fuel  in  case  of  a  shortage  of  imported  coal. 

We  have  made  previous  mention  of  mihtary  court  martials  of  the  officers  taking  part  in 
the  late  revolution,  and  would  now  state  that  the  death  sentences  of  the  officers  who  were 
doomed  to  be  shot  at  Cabanas  were  commuted  to  Ufe  imprisonment,  all  the  officers  being  dis- 
honorably discharged  from  the  Army. 

Negotiations  have  been  in  progress  for  the  consohdation  of  the  principal  chocolate  and 
cracker  factories  in  Havana,  including  "La  Estrella,"  "La  Constancia,"  Mestre  &  Martinica, 
ViUar,  Gutierrez  &  Sanchez  and  the  Cuban  Biscuit  Co.  The  new  company  will  be  known  as 
the  National  .Mfg.  Co.,  with  a  capital  of  $2,500,000,  the  Banco  Espanol  being  largely  interested 
in  the  formation  of  the  new  company. 

Hotel  keepers  and  retail  merchants  here  are  endeavoring  to  get  some  change  in  present 
regulations  which  require  travelers  leaving  the  L".  S.  to  secure  passports,  believing  that  same 
would  have  a  very  bad  effect  on  the  tourist  travel  next  Winter. 

Havana,  Aug.  6th,  1917. 


GUATEMALA 


The  total  quantity  and  value  of  the  exports  from  Guatemala  to  Cuba  during  1916  were  as 
follows: 

Kilos  Value 

692  .S6,618 


12 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


ALL  AROUND  CUBA 


MEMORIAL  TABLET 

A  memorial  tablet  to  Fnrique  Hernandez 
Miyares,  Oriente  poet,  was  dedicated  Aug. 
5,  at  Santiago  de  Cuba.,  the  city  in  which  he 
made  his  home.  Literary,  educational  and 
other  institutions  were  represented  at  the 
ceremonies. 

The  tablet,  which  is  a  handsome  marble 
one,  was  placed  in  the  former  home  of  the 
poet,  at  9  Marina  street. 


MATANZAS 


It  is  rumored  that  the  Matanzas  street 
car  lines  are  to  be  sold  to  an  American  Com- 
pany, the  identity  of  which  is  not  disclosed. 
The  company  which  founded,  and  has  oper- 
ated, the  lines  to  date,  represents  Cuban  and 
Spanish  capital. 


NIPE  BAY  COMPANY 


The  Nipe  Pay  Company  has  been  autho- 
rized to  construct  a  stone  esplanade  on  the 
shores  of  Kipe  Bay. 


CAMAGUEY 


The  Mayor  of  Camaguey  has  directed  a 
petition  to  General  Menocal  for  the  granting 
of  a  $25,000  credit  for  urgent  municipal 
needs. 


MARKET  FOR  IMITATION  LEATHER 

There  is  comparatively  little  of  a  market  in 
Cuba  for  imitations  of  leather,  principally 
because  there  is  practically  no  manufactin-ing 
of  articles  in  which  it  could  be  used.  There  is, 
however,  considerable  importation  of  ]iro- 
ducts  in  which  imitation  leather  is  used.  In 
normal  times,  much  of  this  comes  from  Ger- 
many, but  at  present,  the  importation  is 
nearly  all  from  the  United  States. 

There  are  no  statistics  showing  the  im- 
portation of  imitation  leather.  It  is  not 
probable  that  any  market  of  importance 
could  be  developed  because  there  is  little  in- 
centive for  manufacturing  articles  from  it. 
— Consul  General  James  L.  Rodgers,  Habuna. 


BARAGUA  SUGAR  COMPANY 

The  Uepartment  of  Public  \^"orks  has 
granted  permission  to  the  Baragua  Sugar 
Company,  of  Camaguey,  to  construct  a  ship 
canal  from  Boca  Grande  to  the  Company's 
lands  in  Camaguey  province. 


CENTRAL  LUISA  CONDESA 

A  recent  fire  in  this  sugar  mill,  situated  in 
Limonar,  Matanzas,  resulted  in  the  destruc- 
tion of  a  sugar  warehouse  and  its  contents. 


Cuba  Railroad»Yards  at   Nuevitas,   Looking  in  the   Direction  of  tiie   Extension  of  New- 
Track   to   Wharf. 


T  HE    c  u  B  A    r{  !•;  \'  I  [•:  w 


13 


An  excellent  siM'tinifu  nf  tin-  'Laurer'  tree  gruwinK  in  Cuba.  This  particular  tree 
is  one  of  a  number  growing  on  the  old  Durnois  tract,  now  the  property  of  the  United  Fruit 
Company,  at  Saetia,  along  the  shores,  at  the  entrance  to  Nipe  Bay  in  Eastern  Cuba.  The 
"Laurel"  tree  reaches  a  ripe  old  age  in  Cuba  and  is  invaluable  as  a  shade  and  protection 
from  the  tropical  midday  sun. 


Central   Amistad. 


14 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Scenes    of  Bird    House   and    Gardens   on   the   Beautiful    "Quinta   de   Castano"    (Country 

Seat  of  Castano)  located  at  Punta  Gorda  near  the  Entrance  to  Cienfuegos  Bay. 

The   Property  is  One  of  the  Show   Places  of  the   City  of  Cienfuegos. 


T  III-:    c  V  n  A    i{  I-:  \-  i  i:  w 


New    Cuban    Central    Railway   Station    Building   at    Cicnfucgop. 


New    Central   RailwaylYards   at    Cienfuegos. 


16 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


New    Hospital   Building   at    Cienfuegoi- 


MR.   ELIAS   PONVERT 

Mr.  Elias  Ponvert,  President  of  the  Hor- 
migiiero  Central,  died  at  Magnolia,  Mass., 
early  in  August.  Mr.  Ponvert  was  in  the 
seventy-eighth  year  of  his  age  and  was  one  ot 
the  most  prominent  sugar  planters  in  Cuba. 
Mr.  Ponvert  had  resided  with  his  family  on  the 
Hormiguero  sugar  estate,  Cienfuegos,  Cuba, 
since  1878,  spending  all  of  his  time  there  for 
fourteen  years.  In  1892  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  traveled  extensively.  He  also  spent 
much  time  in  visiting  places  of  interest  in 
Europe. 

The  Hormiguero  estate  in  Cuba  has  been 
developed  until  it  is  now  one  of  the  largest  in 
production  and  most  successful  of  all  the 
sugar  estates  in  the  Island  of  Cuba.  During 
the  Cuban  insurrection  of  1895  and  1898,  the 
Hormiguero  estate  was  one  of  the  few  sugar 
estates  which  was  operating,  and  this  estate 
was  able  to  produce  a  full  crop  of  sugar  during 
every  year  of  the  Cuban  insurrection. 

Mr.  Elie  L.  Ponvert,  son  of  the  late  Mr. 
Ponvert,  will  succeed  him  as  president  and 
manager  of  the  large  and  influential  estate. 
He  is  well  qualified  to  undertake  the  adminis- 
tration of  this  great  property,  after  thirty 
years  of  training  and  experience  as  superin- 
tendent of  the  Hormiguero  sugar  factory  and 
assistant  to  the  late  Elias  Ponvert. 


SAVANNAH  SUGAR  REFINING  CO. 

The  plant  of  the  Savannah  Sugar  Refining 
Company  commenced  operations  July  2. 
This  factory  has  been  under  construction  for 
nearly  a  year. 

The  corporation's  refinery,  which  is  located 
at  Port  Wentworth  on  the  Savannah  river, 
where  the  Savannah  &  Atlanta  Railway  has 
an  extensive  terminal  and  warehouse  prop- 
erty, will  have  a  capacity  of  150,000  tons  of 
refined  sugar  annually,  or  about  1,000,000 
pounds  a  day. 

Among  the  directors  of  the  corporation, 
in  addition  to  B.  A.  Oxnard,  the  president,  are 
Henry  T.  Oxnard  and  Robert  Oxnard,  both 
vice  presidents  of  the  American  Beet  Sugar 
Company;  James  Imbrie  of  William  .Morris, 
Imbrie  &  Co.,  Xew  York;  .Mills  B.  Lane, 
president  of  the  Citizens  and  Southern  Bank 
of  Savannah  and  John  H.  Hunter,  president 
of  the  Savannah  &  Northwestern  Railway. 


COTTON  PIECE  GOODS 

Exports  of  cotton  piece  goods  frona  the 
United  Kingdom  to  Cuba  during  the  first 
nine  months  of  1916  and  for  the  like  period  of 
1915  and  1914  are  thus  officially  given: 

January-September  Vards 

1914 31,597,100 

1915 37,080,800 

1916 37,171,100 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW  17 


CUBA 

liu  Consul  General  James  L.  Ro'lgerx,  llahuni. 

The  commercial  and  industrial  condition  in  Cuba  during  191G  was  marked  by  the  pros- 
perity brought  about  by  the  great  sugar  output,  which  sold  at  the  highest  average  price  in  the 
history  o"  the  Kepublic.  'J  he  imports  showed  large  gains,  as  did  also  the  exports  with  the 
exception  of  fruits  and  vegetables.  These  decreased  somewhat  through  the  tendency  to  plant 
and  market  sugar  cane  rather  than  anything  else,  and  also  because  of  an  unusutiUy  dry  winter. 

Liijwrts  of  machinery  and  apparatus,  nearly  all  of  which  are  used  in  the  sugar  industry, 
almost  doubled  in  value.  There  was  also  a  great  increase  in  the  value  of  imported  foodstutTs, 
as  a  natural  result  of  the  plenitude  of  money.  Crains  are  shown,  in  greater  or  less  degree,  in  all 
items  of  imports,  and  again  it  was  demonstrated  how  thoroughly  committed  Cuba  is  to  buying 
its  necessities  instead  of  trying  to  produce  them. 

Percentages  oj  Trade  with  Various  Countries. 
The  following  table  shows  the  percentage  of  the  United  States  and  other  principal  coun- 
tries in  the  import  and  export  trade  of  Cuba  during  the  years  1914,  1915,  and  1916.    The 
diminution  of  the  United  States'  share  in  the  exports  of  the  last  two  years  is  accounted  for 
entirely  by  the  fact  that  England  and  France  got  large  quantities  of  sugar  from  Cuba: 

Imports  from Exports  to 

Countries:                                               1914  1915  1916  1914  1915  191G 

%  %  %  %  %  % 

United  States 58.23  67.35  72.00  83.14  82.65  75.40 

Germany 4.22  .55  .01  1.35  .01           

Spain.." 8.37  6.95  7.00  .93  .04  .09 

France 4.00  3.32  3.00  1.36  .05  4.04 

Great  Britain 10.40  9.93  9.50  9.12  14.00  16.45 

Other  countries 14.79  11.90  8.49  3.40  3.25  4.02 

Princi'pal  Imports  and  Countries  oj  Origin. 
The  following  table  shows  the  total  imports  into  Cuba  for  1915  and  191G,  giving  the 
amounts  from  the  United  States,  Spain,  France,  and  the  United  Kingdom  in  1916: 

1916 

Total  United  United  Other 

Articles.  1915  Total.  States.  Spain.         France.    Kingdom.  Countriea. 

Stone,  earth  and  ceramics: 

Earth  and  stone $1,347,291  $2,134,525  ?1,862,520  $15,196  $48,150  $10,4.56  $198,071 

Bitumens 1,636,984  2,804,310  2,794,491  9,749  70 

Glass  and  crystal 1,345,708  1,836,830  1,346,818  264,803  97,698  46,.569  80,411 

Pottery  and  porcelain 843,514  1,127,046  435,312  188,592  67,152  324,486  110,979 

Metals  and  manufactures  of: 

Gold,  silver  and  platinum. .  .  311,126  480,007  296,965  87,612  61, .557  29,474  4,399 

Iron  and  steel 6,081,320  13,036,638  12,418,991  48,512  66,452  476,315  24,273 

Copper 809,429  1,.309,944  1,192,963  45,497  24,092  38,764  8,604 

Other  metals 283,224  417,806  338,828  18,186  11,148  48,408  1,236 

Chemicals,  drugs,  etc.: 

Drugs                   557,500  655,943  .384,323  133,099  2,239  10,725  125,557 

ColorsVdves,  etc 896.736  1,260,379  1,056,252  29,736  7,817  163,840  2,734 

Chemical"  products 5,831,185  8,248,171  6,760,211  109,462  726,894  428,863  210,756 

Oils,  fats,  greases 2,820,219  3,887,186  2,581,896  386,151  697,565  175,662  45,890 

Textiles  and  manufactures  of: 

Cotton  and  manufactures  of  11.185,948  16.162,979  7.207.478  2,927,194  617,012  4,311,898  1,097,018 

Vegetable  fibers      6,383,520  9,242,562  1,996,899  437,698  116,667  2,986,314  3,704.984 

Wool   bristles,  hair 955,656  2,216,037  1,266,645  213,061  116,182  565.787  54,353 

Silk  and  manufactures  of....  689,337  990,496  559,347  27.364  144,533  69,226  190,024 

Paper  and  paper  goods:  _    „. 

Paper  and  cardboard 1,979,846  3,542,5,30  3,0W,.360  .344,616  44,071  31,940  117,.335 

Books  and  printed  matter..  300,744  327,940  114,277  107,419  17,065  70,262  18.917 

Wood  and  manufactures  of: 

Wood,  and  products  of 3.424,084  5,9.34,425  5.298.580  303.842  89,457  113,176  129,313 

Other  vegetable  matter 256,.399  496,635  112,317  43,363  34,295  265,354  41,306 

Animals,  and  products  of:  ^  _„„„., 

Animals                          269,472  544,378  464,651  560     7,400  71,767 

Hide's  ami  Vkins    "             ...  923,820  1,232,866  1,097,;«0  100,631  10,362  7,519  17,024 

Manufactured  products 6,168,095  8,373,336  7,062,908  1,180,263  23,955  15,.580  90,630 

Machinery,  instruments,  etc.: 

Instruments                         •  .  .  297,387  373,970  302,702  30,4Oi  19,763  425  20,.509 

Machinery    '  14,325,397  26,740,650  25,900,197  60,738  93,737  493,308  189,.335 

Apparatus.'.'    ! ' 4,251,-399  10,.399,873  10,050,077  17,.381  124,251  19,649  188,515 

Foodstuffs: 

Meats  11,749,262  18,427,137  13,578,977  241,131  25,122  4,483  4,577,424 

Fish  ^ 2,772,213  3,245,807  1,220,039  490,995  12,774  63,243  1,458,756 

Cereals 19,173,881  26,151,554  14,828,432  247,200  4..332  7.346,-326  3,725,264 


18  THECUBAREVIEW 

Fruits             1,077,556  1,247,812  807,244  404,283  4,027  547  31,711 

Vegetables,  etc 6,660,544  10,362,443  6,852,288  1,279,880  34,331  173,996  2,021,948 

Oils  and  beverages 4,408,918  5,857,160  1,196,438  3,806,975  344,602  :508,739  200,406 

Milk  products 3,470,026  3,792,258  2,975,9.-2  80,044  9,929  148,229  578,1.34 

Other  foodstuffs 4,618,097  5,455,310  2,500,889  219,682  23,125  33,953  2,677,661 

Miscellaneous 4,367,920  6,829,456  3,198,371  352,568  2,182,473  223,354  868,158 

Articles  free  of  duty 8,410,865  10,815,286  9,954,6(2  164,634  28,046  206,639  461,305 

Currency 14,563,631     32,316,594     32,316,594      

Total 155,448,233  248,278,279  185,337,194  14,408,772     5,930,905  19,230,658  23,344,977 

Share  of  the   United  States  and  Other  Countries  in  Imports. 
The  percentages  of  the  imports  by  classes  from  the  United  States  and  those  from  other 
countries  during  1915  and  1916  follow: 

From  From 

United  States.  Other  Countries 

Products  1915         1916  1915  1916 

/c  /C  iC  ,0 

Stone,  earth  and  ceramics 75.66  81.50  24.34  18.50 

Metals,  and  manufactures  of 87.00  93.51  13.00  6.49 

Chemicals,  drugs,  etc 60.90  76.80  3i.l0  23.20 

Textiles,  and  manufactures  of 36.08  38.56  73.92  61.44 

Paper  and  card  board 65.78  80.58  .34.32  19.42 

Wood,  andmanufactur  sof 77.90  84.13  22.10  15.87 

Animal  products 80.07  85.00  19.93  15.00 

Machinery,  etc 92.60  96.66  7.40  3.34 

Foodstuffs                  SS.OO  58.90  45.00  41.10 

Miscellaneous'. 48.00  46.86  .52.00  .53.14 

Articles  free  of  duty 79.00  92.13  21.00  7.87 

Cuba's  Export  Trade. 
In  the  following  table  are  shown  the  values  of  the  principal  articles  of  export  in   1914  and 

1915  and  the  amounts  going  to  different  countries  in  1916: 

1916 

Total  United  United         Other 

Articles.  1915  Total.  States.         Spain.         France.     Kingdom.  Countries. 

Animals,  ard  products  of: 

Animals  $7,715  $12,808  $12,108     $700 

Hides  and  skins 3,038,429       3,224,826       3,222,551      2,275 

Other  animal  products 76,653  127,104  124,604      $2,500     

Suear  and  products: 

Suear—CTude  and  refined...     193,476,972  266,743,554  201,933,416$2,075,705  10,564,778  48,021,710     4,147,945 

Molasses  2,691,358       4,250,177       3,773,316     476,861      

Confectionery,  etc 69,435  88,252  40,448  2,194  4,532  298  40,780 

Fruits,  grains,  vegetables: 

Fruits  2,771,274       2,600,704       2,600,.581  123     

Grains  and  vegetables 897,606  564,124  498,416  19,059  46,101      548 

^^Tortofse°S!etc 3,675  31,799  530     5,.540          25,729      

Sponges 204,116  224,367  149,986  10,869          30,543          23,077            9,892 

Mineral  products: 

Asphalt                    11-247  12,486  12,486      

Iron   coper  and  other  ores..  4,097,659  11,167,147  11,167,147      

Old  metals 147,749  219,346  219,346      

Forest  products: 

\'eeetable  fibers 53,281  212,523  193,133                107      19,283 

Timber  and  woods 834,901  721,271  633,951          51,643      700          34,977 

'^°TnbaccpTeaT  ^'       15,232,231     16,156,004     12,536,808        280,245        173,763  31,070     3,134,118 

Cigars  and  cigarettes 9,181,547       9,731,509       3,929,761        406,691        391,713     2,704,274     2,299,070 

"^^Rpp  nroducts  604,793  701,839  410,704  2,692  25,160  26,835        236,448 

distilled  products 1,283,230       3,623,742  111,774        149,716     1,718,531     1,458,224        185,497 

Ali  other  articles 791,673  305,866  192,440  7,472  173  10        105,771 

Total 235,477,544  320,719,448  241,763,506     1,006,516  12,963,334  52,768,788  10,217,304 

Tjppxnorts  750,921       1,070,262  874,627  18,495  7,522  7,.343        162,075 

Currency.'.'.".'.' 18,063,298     34,781,640       7,452,285  27,263,115  60,000     6,240 

Grand  total 254,291,763  356,571,360  250,090,418  30,288,126  13,030,856  52,776,331   10,385,619 

Proportion  oj  Shipments  to    Jnited  States  and  Other  Countries. 

The  percentages  of  the  principal  items  of  export  to  the  United  States: 

To 

Unit 
Articles. 


Animal  products 

Sugar  and  prod,ucts . .  . 
Fruits  and  vegetables. 

Marine  products 

Mineral  products 

Forest  products 

Tobacco  products 

All  other  articles 


United  States. 

1915 

1916 

% 

% 

99.50 

99.97 

84.47 

77.00 

99.75 

98.03 

60.00 

60.00 

99.48 

100.00 

89.00 

88.64 

63.26 

63.55 

39.53 

15.46 

Other ' 
1915 

To 

Countries 
1916 

0.50 

15. 53 

.25 

40.00 

,'C 

0.03 
23.00 

1.97 
40.00 

11.00 
36.74 
60.47 

il!36 
36.45 
84.54 

THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


19 


Declared  Expcrrls  to  the   United  Slates. 

Tlie  table  below  gives  the  quantities  and  vaUies  of  the  exports  invoiced  at  all  th ;  .\ia  ;ri(3  iii 
consulates  and  agencies  in  Cuba  for  the  United  States  during  1915  and  1916: 

.\  It  ides: 

Aniniali- number 

Asphalt bags 

Bananas bunches 

Beeswax pounds 

Cigars,  etc do 

Cocoa do 

Cocoanuts number 

Fruits  and  vegetables crates 

Hides  and  bones bundles 

Honey barrels 

Lumber  and  wood feet 

Metal  fscrapl pounds 

Molasses gallons 

Ores: 

Copper tons 

Iron do 

Manganese do 

Pineapples crates 

Sponges bales 

Sugar bags  a 

Tobacco pounds 

All  other  articles 

Total 

a  A  bag  contains  325  pounds  of  sugar. 

The  exports  from  the  Habana  consular  district  (including  the  consulate  general  at  Habana 
and  the  agencies  at  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  and  Xueva  Gerona)  for  the  United  States  follow: 


Quantity. 

Value. 

47S 

$9,074 

:5,05() 

8,879 

1.024,570 

717,401 

7:i:i.sr,2 

215,743 

7'.)S,<.U(I 

3,736,420 

3,'.i5t,:nr, 

553,997 

1,207,110 

16,771 

4S!I,(I17 

613,182 

)r,,:u'.t 

750,74ti 

3,7.S3 

63,598 

7,691,558 

513,349 

4,258,781 

458,724 

56,309,322 

2,194,478 

58,488 

1,794,344 

796,830 

2,378,635 

5,144 

87,297 

1,674,249 

5,545 

348,228 

13,363,777 

147,413,928 

23,159,588 

18,549,205 

247,925 

182,346,773 

Quantity. 

Value. 

280 

$2,781 

3  (XK) 

S,S79 

1,205,055 

521,!  174 

627,528 

96,237 

753,892 

3,618,868 

662,220 

99,094 

272,000 

12,924 

321,177 

554,538 

33,006 

978.972 

1 1 ,434 

90,685 

8,846,075 

427.6.'-)0 

4,912.000 

711,271 

104,065,961 

4.,545.246 

121,722 

6,076,833 

746,131 

2,(i03.89(i 

52,972 

558.i;J3 

1,4,89,936 

7,862 

353,790 

11,738,636 

171,244,9.36 

23,824,210 

15,661, .332 

334  314 

209,995,289 

.\rticles. 
From  Habana. 

Animals number 

Beeswax pounds 

Cigars  and  cigarettes do 

Copper  ore tons 

Fruits  and  vegetables crates 

H  ides  and  bones bundles 

Honey barrels 

Lumber  and  wood feet 

Metal,  scrap pounds 

Molasses gallons 

Pineapples crates 

Sponges bales 

Sugar bags 

Tobacco pounds 

All  other  articles 

Total 

From  Matanzas. 

Animals number 

Hides,  bones,  etc number 

Molasses gallons 

Sugar bags 

All  other  articles 

Total 

Prom  Cardenas. 

Asphalt barrels 

Sugar bags 

All  other  articles 


Total. 


From  Xueva  Gerona. 

Fruits  and  vegetables crates 

All  other  articles 


Total 

Total  Haljana  district. 


Quantity. 

Value. 

478 

$9,074 

495,992 

138.877 

798,940 

3.736,420 

30.000 

790,000 

289.947 

275,451 

15,294 

252.351 

1,783 

11.009 

190,000 

10.434 

4,002,394 

424.824 

20,549,270 

821.970 

1.074,249 

5.431 

342.153 

1.549,682 

15.496,820 

23.143,202 

18,514.561 

180,403 

42,708,596 

6i 

829 

19,499.500 

485,000 

2.487,050 

28,342,390 

11,223 

28,839.442 

366 

531 

1,783,073 

19,636,5.36 

1,731 

19,638.798 

200,000 

199,202 

274 

199,476 

91,386,312 

Quantity. 

A'alue. 

125 

$2.2.50 

377,043 

117.768 

753,892 

3.618,868 

61,000 

4. .575,000 

268,934 

174,807 

25,473 

4.36,804 

2,566 

76,980 

200,000 

36,000 

4,829,247 

695,425 

35,400,000 

1,770.000 

1,483,105 

7,862 

353,790 

1,415,772 

18,404,936 

23,812,146 

15,627,894 

205,100 

47,578,727 

35 

331 

561 

12,.547 

36,650.000 

1,466.000 

2,661,010 

36.2.55,815 

13.104 

37.747,797 

i.769,30i 

24,426,586 

4,.366 

24,430,946 

250,000 

259,043 

264 

259,307 

110,016,777 

The  value  of  returned  American  goods  was  $406,151  for  all  of  Cuba,  as  compared  with 
8423,534  in  1915. 

Exports  to  Porto  Rico  from  the  Habana  district  in  1916  amounted  to  $35,390,  against 
$29,813  in  1915.  Motion-picture  films  and  preserves  were  the  principal  items  in  both  years.- 
No  shipments  to  the  Philippines  or  Hawaii  were  reported. 


20  THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN   RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

The  report  of  the  Cuba  Railroad  for  the  month  of  June  and  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1917,  compares 

as  follows: 

1917           1916           1915           1914           1913           1912  1911 

June  gross                                        $815,772     $604,112     $457,570     $432,183     $399,100     $318,818  $262,954 

Expenses 446,610      286,703       199,822       255,232       179,772       187,149  141,213 

Net  earnings 369,162      317,408      257,748       176,951       219,237       131,669  121,740 

Other  income 1,190  524     

Net  income 370,353      317,932       257,748     

Charges 94,268        87,470        72,308        70,375        66,791        67,624  57,579 

June  surplus 276,084      230,461       185,440       106,576       152,535        64,044  64,160 

Twelve  months' gross 6,461,359    6,815,696    5,206,714    5,164,670    4,632,039    3,819,253  3,059,649 

Net  profits 1,922,145    3,517,026    2,727,539    2,470,921    2,215,502    1,818,857  1,347,071 

Other  income 12,385  6,632     

Fixed  charges 1,106,881       978,244      853,855      819,416      801,222       758,998  576,754 

Twelve  months' surplus 827,649    2,545,414    1,873,684    1,651,505    1,414,279    1,059,861  797,316 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF   HAVANA 

Weeklu  receipts:                                 1917           1916           1915           1914           1913           1912  1911 

Week  ending  June  23d £35,498      £30,020      £23,919      £20,107      £20,035      £17,374  £15,577 

Week  ending  June  30 40,948        31 ,257        23,839        19,010        19,741         18,273  17,088 

Week  ending  July   7th 36,829        29,550        23,725        20,489        19,703         19,588  16,919 

Week  ending  July  14th 35,686        30,160        23,802        20,922        19,343        19,293  16.321 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  receipts:                                       1917                  191  ■                  1915                  1914  1913 

Week  ending  June  30th £9,751               £5,212              £4,694              £5,373  £5,792 

Week  ending  July   7th 7,169                 5,148                 5,054                 5,813  5,709 

Week  ending  July  14th 7,276                 5,992                 5,238                 5,419  6,491 

Week  endhg  July  21st 6,547                 5,988                 5,276                 6,244  6,113 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAYS 

Weekly  receipts:                                         1917                   1916                   1915                   1914  1913 

Week  ending  June  23d £14,210             £12,987              £8,124              £8,551  £6,817 

Week  ending  Jime  30th 16,190                 8,544                 3,728                 3,550  4,581 

Week  ending  July   7th 13,997                 9,012                 7,005                 6,690  6,386 

Week  ending  July  14th 13,974                 9,446                 8,041                 6,801  6,702 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  of  June-                                                                                   1917                  1916  1915 

Gross  earnings                                                                  $554,982            $476,935  $448,170 

Operating  expenses: 243,262              185,506  182,664 

Net  earnings ^^^'™             ^^^'^"^  '^^^'^^^ 

Miscellaneous  income 21,672               10,852  9,897 

Total  net  income 333,392             302,281  275,403 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 213,972              166,863  165,998 

GroiZtl^J: '''"'''''                                          $3,251,042         $2,893,997  $2,751,375 

Operating  expenses: :::::::::::::::::::':::: 1,404,554     1,119,520  1,125,261 

Net  earnings                                                     1,846,488           1,774,477  1,626,114 

Misceiianeousincome::: :;:::::::::: 75.659       66,662  49,507 

Total  ret  income 1-922,147           1,841,139  1,675,621 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 1,129,108           1,079,774  1,019,644 


THE     C  U  li  A     I{  ]•:  V  1  1-.  W 


21 


CUBAN    FINANCIAL    MATTERS 


THE  PREVAILING  PRICES  FOR  CUBAN  SECURITIES 

As   quiit(j  I  liij  Lawrcitcr    Turiiiirc   &  Co  ,   Xew   York. 

Bid  Asked 

Republic  of  ( 'viba  Interior  Loan  5%  bonds 93  95 

Republic  of  Cuba  Kxterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 99^  99^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  Fxterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 9o  96 

Republic  of  Cuba  Kxterior  Loan  4}/2%  Bonds  of  1949 8(5  none 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 103  105 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 102  105 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 85  90 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  JNFortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 85  90 

Cuba  Company  6%  Debenture  Bonds 90  95 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 93  100 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 94  90 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Preferred  Stock 104 J^  

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co .,  Common  Stock 993^ 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100  none 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.,  Preferred  Stock 104  lO.S 

Cuban-.-Vmerican  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock ISO  195 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 100^8  100% 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 58  62 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  mtge.  6%  bonds 90  95 


THE  CUBA  RAILROAD 

The  Cuba  Railroad  has  announced  the 
resignation  of  Sr.  Francisco  Rosado,  formerly 
General  Traffic  Agent  of  the  RaUroad.  Sr. 
Mariano  Cibran  has  been  appointed  to  suc- 
ceed Sr.  Rosado. 


CUBA  SUBMARINE  TELEGRAPH 

The  accounts  of  the  Cuba  Submarine  Tele- 
graph Company  reveal  a  satisfactory  increase 
in  earnings,  gross  and  net.  The  former  have 
risen  from  £45,300  in  1915  to  £51,700  in  1916, 
and  the  latter  from  £16,200  to  £33,700.  The 
improvement  enables  the  directors  to  raise 
the  dividend  from  5  per  cent,  to  which  figure 
it  was  lowered  two  years  ago  from  6  per  cent 
to  7  per  cent.,  of  which  2  per  cent,  is  reckoned 
as  bonus.  A  sum  of  £14,000  is  transferred  to 
reserve,  to  which  no  appropriation  was  made 
last  year,  and  while  no  further  allocation  is 
made  to  the  pension  fund,  to  which  £2,500, 
was  added  last  year,  the  carry-forward  is 
maintained  at  £7,600.  The  reserve  fund, 
which  stood  a  year  ago  at  £100,000,  has  been 
charged  with  £24,000  on  account  of  the  depre- 


ciation of  investments  and  allowing  for  the 
addition  now  made  to  it  out  of  last  year's 
revenue,  it  now  amounts  to  £90,000.  The 
book  value  of  the  investments  is  £91,800. — 
Financier  and  BuUionist,  London. 


NATIONAL  SURETY  COMPANY 

The  National  Surety  Company  of  Xew 
York  has  been  qualified  to  do  business  in 
the  Republic  of  Cuba,  and  has  opened  a 
branch  office  under  the  management  of  Mr. 
Heaton  M.  Waring,  who  also  has  supervision 
over  IMexcio,  ^'irgin  Islands,  Santo  Domingo 
and  Hayti. 

Temporary  offices  have  been  opened  in 
Teniente  Rey  Xo.  11  (Altos),  which  will  soon 
be  moved  to  the  new  office  building  on  Man- 
zana  de  Gomez,  now  approaching  completion. 


GUARANTY  TRUST  COMPANY 

Sosthenes  Behn  has  been  appointed  repre- 
sentative of  the  Guaranty  Trust  Company 
of  New  York  for  the  Island  of  Cuba,  with 
offices  at  Havana.  Mr.  Behn  is  also  president 
of  the  Cuban  Telephone  Company. 


22 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


THE  COMMERCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


WITH  THE   FOUR   MOST   IMPORTANT   NATIONS   OF    LATIN   AMERICA 
DURING  THE   FIRST  SIX   MONTHS  OF  THE    YEARS  1914-1915 


The  following  tables  show  at  a  glance  the  relative  importance  of  our  trade  with  Cuba, 
the  imports  from  Cuba  for  the  first  six  months  of  the  years  1914  and  1915  exceeding  the  com- 
bined imports  from  Argentina,  Brazil  and  Chile  by  approximately  four  million  dollars. 

For  the  same  period  the  combined  exports  from  the  United  States  to  Argentina,  Brazil 
and  Chile  exceeded  the  exports  to  Cuba  alone  by  less  than  three  million  dollars. 

The  total  trade  of  the  United  States  with  Cuba  for  the  first  half  of  the  years  1914  and  1915 

exceeded  the  combined  trade  of  the  United  States  with  these  three    principal  countries  of 
South  America. 

Argentina. 

■ — - — ■ Imports.- ■ E.rports. 

1914        1915         1914  1915 

January $5,803,646    $7,163,422      $2,932,836  $1,707,222 

February 5,453,672            8,346,841                2,849,513  1,638,712 

March, " 5,587,868           11,731,548                2,441,936  4,097,581 

April 6,062,917            9,441,931                3,012,596  3,693,501 

May 5,167,961             5,047,898                2,828,399  5,423,898 

June 3,793,469            7,639,905                2,324,289  5,250,300 

Total $31,869,533        $49,371,645            $16,389,569  $21,811,214 

Bradl. 

January $8,201,645    $10,012,954      $2,195,013  $1,801,002 

February 8,357,827            9,735,607                1,854,763  2,174,426 

March. " 11,776,566            8,721,932                2,085,987  2,394,382 

April 9,136,559           11,698,528                 2,123,408  2,864,282 

May 7,643,798            6,176,708                2,486,436  2,386,606 

June 5,656,900            8,605,678                 1,734,508  3,213,078 

Total $50,773,301        $54,951,407            $12,480,115  $14,833,776 

Chile. 

January $1,955,390          $1,157,728              $1,063,113  $8813,146 

February 1,508,028            2,258,174                1,364,154  781 ,595 

March. ." 2,009,264            2,315,252                1,254,058  714,212 

April 2,263,947            3,952,920                1,411,879  1,298,545 

May 2,516,151             2,265,722                2,186,998  1,128,126 

June 

Total $10,252,780        $11,949,796              $7,280,202  $4,811,624 

Cuba. 

January $8,391,307          $7,745,634              $5,079,899  $5,645,957 

Februar. 9,225,406           13,191,900                4,846,911  5,608,746 

March. .' 15,035,443          25,561,908                5,186,445  6,554,230 

April 16,585,826          26,054,740                5,004,572  6,464,622 

May 14,636,355          25,036,046                5,263,881  7, 114,372 

June 16,989,960          22,137,394                5,288,486  6,935,267 

Total $80,864,297      $119,727,622            $30,670,194  $38,323,194 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


23 


Argentina $49, :>7 1,(11.') 

Brazil 54,951,407 

Chile 11,949,790 


$116,272,848 


CuIki $119,727,622 

The  Three  Nations 1 16,272,848 


Difference  in  favor. 


$3,454,774 


CUBA'S  TKADE  WITH  THE  UXrrjlD  STA^rES  YOU  THE  YEAR  1:XD1XC;  .JLXi;  30, 
1916,  AS  COMPARED  WITH  'l^in*;  TJiADE  WITH  ARGEXTIXA,  liRAZlL, 
AND  Cirn.E,  FOR  THi:  SAME  PERIOD. 


Cuba. 


Imporls. 
$127,198,578 


Exports. 
$228,977,567 


Argentina. 
$66,378,366  $112,512,420 


Brazil. 


Imports. 
$40,572,197 


$24,239,826 


Chile. 


Exports. 
$132,663,984 


$64,154,859 


GROWTH  IN   CUBA'S  FOREIGN  TRADE  BY   YEARS 


I'cay.s  Imports. 

1899-1900 $76,870,000 

1900-1901 66,255,000 

1901-1902 66,063,000 

1902-1903 62,620,000 

1903-1904 74,492,000 

1904-1905 92,957,000 

1905-1900 106,505,000 

1906-1907 97,334,000 

1907-1908 98,829,000 

1908-1909 86,791,000 

1909-1910 103,446,000 

1910-1911 108,098,000 

1911-1912 120,229,000 

1912-1913 135,810,000 

1913-1914 134,008,000 

1914-1915 128,132,000 

191.5-1916 201,024,000 


E.rports. 

$49, .399, 000 

64,218,000 

54,247,000 

78,-383,000 

94,.399,000 

101,166,000 

107,266,000 

114,813,000 

112,122,000 

117,564,000 

144,039,000 

129,179,000 

146,787,000 

165,208,000 

170,797,000 

219,447,000 

336,801,000 


Balance 
in  Jauor   oj 

Exports. 

$27,471,000 

2,037,000 

11,816,000 

15,763,000 

19,907,000 

8,209,000 

761,000 

17,479,003 

13,293,000 

30,773,000 

40,.593,000 

21,081,000 

26,.5.58,000 

29,.398,000 

36,789,000 

91,315,000 

a35,777,000 


EXPORTS  OF  GRAIN  FROM  ARGENTINA 
TO  CUBA 

The  following  statistics  were  compiled  at 
the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com- 
merce from  the  official  Argentine  statistics. 
The  quantities  are  stated  in  metric  tons  of 
2,204.6  pounds. 

1913         1914         1915 


Tons 

Oats 602 

Corn 19,357 

Wheat  flour 11 


Tons      Tons. 


272 

9,477 

63 


9,3.56 


CUBAS  TRADE  WITH   ARGENTINA   FOR  1912 
AND  FOR  1916 

1912  1916 

Imports 1,10.5,.380  pesos  1,.323,019  pesos 

Argentine  peso  is  worth  96.48  cents. 


ARGENTINA 


The  following  table  shows  Argentina's  im- 
ports from  Cuba  during  the  first  three  months 
of  1916  as  compared,  with  the  ccrrespcr.ding 
period  of  the  preceding  year,  the  values  being 
given  in  Argentine  gold  pescs. 

January-March,  1915 222,150 

January-  March,  1916 230,391 


24 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE    CUBA     R  K  V  I  E  \\ 


25 


Residence,   Stewart  Sugar   Estate. 


SUGAR   INDUSTRY  OF  CUBA 


By  Consul  General  Henry   H.   Moraan,   Habani. 

The  total  number  of  sugar  mills  in  Cuba  during  the  year  1916-17  was  201.  Of  this  number 
8  are  in  the  Province  of  Pinar  del  Rio  21,  in  the  Province  of  Habana,  40  in  the  Province  of 
.Matanzas,  71  in  the  Province  of  Santa  (Jlara,  19  in  the  Province  of  Camaguey,  and  42  in  the 
Province  of  Oriente.     Cf  the  total,  68  are  owned  and  operated  by  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

The  1916-17  crop  w^ill  jaeld  about  2,800,000  tons.  The  production  of  sugar  in  the  island 
of  Cuba  has  increased  diu-ing  the  past  seven  years,  as  follows:  1911,  1,480,217  tons;  1912, 
1,893,687  tons;  1913,  2,429,240  tons;  1914,  2,596,567  tons;  and  1916,  3,006,625  tons. 

The  1917  crop  was  estimated  at  3,500,000  tons,  but  not  more  than  2,800,000  tons  will  be 
produced  under  favorable  weather  and  other  concUtions,  the  decrease  being  due  to  the  de- 
struction of  cane  by  the  revolutionists  and  the  inability  of  the  mills  to  grind  while  disturbances 
lasted.  The  estimate  for  1917  of  3,500,000  tons  would  have  been  exceeded  but  for  the  dis- 
turbances. The  losses  of  cane  by  fire  from  August,  1916,  to  May,  1917,  according  to  the 
Kabana  estimate,  were  374,283  tons. 

Apjrroximaie  Production  of  Mills — Acreage  Under  Cnllivaiion. 
The  above  estimate  is  far  below  the  actual  loss,    for   it   is   well  known  that  the  actual 
destruction  amounted  to  upward  of  500,000  tons  of  sugar.     The  approximate  possible  produc- 
tion of  sugar  in  the  different  Provinces  at  present  and  the  number  of  mills  in  operation  in 
each  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Provinces 

Number 
of  mills. 

Approxi- 
mate pro- 
duction. 

Provinces. 

Number 
1     of  mills. 

Approxi-  J 
mate  pro- 
duction 

7 
21 
40 
70 

Tons. 

58,500 

395,000 

705,300 

1,0:59,000 

Camaguey 

Oriente 

1              Total 

....          20 
43 

Tons. 
471,000 

902,000 

....        201 

Santa  Clara 

3,571,400 

23 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Gardens   and    Residence,    Central    Gertrudi 


The  approximate  number  of  acres  under  cultivation  in  the  different  Provinces  follows: 
Pinar  del  Pdo,  22,777;  Habana,  153,835;  .Matanzas,  270,400;  Santa  Clara,  404,000;  Camaguey, 
183,000;  and  Oriente,  350,800;  making  a  total  of  1,384,812  acres. 

The  average  yield  per  acre  under  favorable  conditions  is  about  21^  tons. 

Efject  of  High  Prices  on  Sugar  Grinding. 
The  high  price  of  sugar  at  present  permits  the  mill  to  grind  at  a  profit,  cane  j-ielding  only 
8  per  cent,  of  sucrose,  allowing  for  a  loss  in  grinding  of  2  per  cent.  The  percentage  reaches 
as  high  as  20  per  cent,  imder  exceptionally  favorable  conditions,  usually  in  February-March, 
but  is  generally  12  to  13  per  cent.  At  this  time  of  the  year  (.May-June)  it  is  between  11  and 
13  per  cent.  It  is  stated  that  sugar  can  be  obtained  from  cane  containing  not  more  than  7  per 
cent,  of  sucrose  without  loss,  and  the  production  could  therefore  be  considerably  increased 
if  this  class  of  cane  was  crushed,  but  as  there  is  no  profit  at  this  percentage  the  cane  is  not  cut 
but  is  allowed  to  remain  in  the  field  for  the  next  year's  grinding. 

Losses  Due  to  Dislurbances. 
The  destruction  of  cane  caused  by  disturbances  in  the  Oriente  district  from  Alto  Cedro  to 
Santiago  and  from  Bayamo  to  Caimanera  makes  it  certain  that  next  season's  crop  in  this 
territory  will  not  exceed  that  of  1917,  because  not  more  than  10  per  cent,  of  the  cane  fields 
destroyed  by  fire  have  been  cleaned,  and  the  new  crop  on  this  area  will  be  from  15  to  25  per 
cent  less  than  it  otherwise  would  have  been.  While  the  seed  in  most  cases  has  not  been  de- 
stroyed the  ratoon  shows  evidence  of  being  several  months  behind  in  its  growth,  and  the  cane 
that  would  have  come  to  maturity  in  December    cannot    be  harvested  until  April  or  .May,- 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Central    IMercedita. 


and  then  the  yield  will  be  15  to  25  per  cent  less  than  it  would  have  been  had  the  burned  eane 
been  cut  away  and  the  fields  cleaned. 

The  writer  visited  the  sugar  plantations  of  Alameida,  Frmita,  Fsperanza,  Santa  .Maria, 
La  Union,  and  others  of  minor  note  in  this  section  of  the  Province,  passed  through  many 
thousand  acres  of  cane  that  had  been  destroyed  by  fire  and  found  that  no  attempt  had  been 
made  to  clear  away  the  old  cane.  The  effect  of  this,  too,  will  be  a  large  increase  in  the  cost 
of  cutting  the  cane  next  year,  as  the  old  stalks  still  in  the  ground  will  have  to  be  cut  as  well 
as  the  new  cane. 

A  visit  was  also  made  to  all  the  sugar  cane-growing  territory  in  the  Province  of  (^riente 
east  of  the  points  between  Santiago  de  Cuba,  and  the  writer  had  a  conference  with  practically 
every  sugar-cane  planter  of  importance  in  the  territory.  In  the  district  between  Antilla  and 
Santiago  de  Cuba  great  destruction  of  property  has  been  caused  by  disturbances.  "With  but  one 
exception,  every  railway  station  between  these  two  points  has  been  destroyed,  a  large  number 
of  bridges  have  been  wrecked,  and  most  of  the  shops  along  the  line  have  been  burned.  .All 
the  railway  bridges  have  now  been  repaired  or  reconstructed  except  the  one  between  San  Luis 
and  Auza,  and  this  will  soon  be  repaired,  leaving  a  clear  roadbed  from  Habana  to  Santiago 
de  Cuba.  In  the  section  of  Oriente  Province  referred  to,  the  rainy  season  has  now  .set  in,  and 
there  will  be  practically  no  grinding  until  Decemb3r  next,  nor  will  it  be  possible  to  repair  the 
damages  in  the  burnt  area. 

Mare  Favorable  Conditions  in  Other  Sections. 
While  there  were  many  thousand  acres  of  cane  burned  between  Alto  Cedro  and  Antilla 
the  planters  in  this  section  had,  to  a  large  extent,  cleared  away  all  the  burnt  section,  and  the 
ratoon  was  standing  well  in  the  field.  The  spring  rains  that  commence  in  this  section  about 
the  middle  of  I\'ay  usually  end  toward  the  close  of  June,  so  that  many  of  the  mills  in  this 
section  will  now  start  grinding  and  continue  until  September.  A  few  of  the  mills  in  this  dis- 
trict, notably  the  Preston  :Mill  at  Xipe  i?ay,  Tuinucu,  and  Baragua,  will  produce  about  the 
amount  of  sugar  estimated,  but  the  remainder  of  the  mills  will  all  be  between  60  and  70  per 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


cent  below  the  estimate.  The  prospect  for  a  larger  crop  in  this  section  of  the  island  for  next 
year,  however,  is  excellent,  and  the  planters  say  that  under  favorable  conditions  there  will  be 
a  far  greater  yield  than  the  estimated  1917  crop. 

In  the  northern  part  of  the  district  at  Chaparra  and  Delicias,  where  the  largest  sugar  mills 
in  the  world  are  located,  having  a  capacity  of  over  1,300,000  bags  of  sugar  (about  186,000 
tons'  a  year,  the  rebels  burned  and  destroyed  about  8,000,000  arrobas  (100,000  tons)  of  cane, 
bringing  down  the  estimated  production  from  178,571  tons  of  sugar  to  about  157,143  tons, 
which,  the  manager  informs  the  writer,  will  be  the  final  figures  when  the  mills  cease  to  grind 
in  .August  next.  All  the  burnt  fields  belonging  to  these  plantations  that  are  owned  by  the 
Cuban  American  Co.  ha\e  been  cleaned,  and  it  is  estimated  that,  with  favorable  conditions, 
the  yield  of  next  year's  crop  will  be  con.siderably  in  excess  of  the  estimated  1917  crop. 

In  the  Camaguey  and  Santa  Clara  Provinces,  which  were  visited,  the  destruction  caused 
by  disturbances  was  far  greater  than  that  caused  in  the  Province  of  Oriente.  Every  railway 
bridge  of  the  Cuba  Railway  Co.,  between  Camaguey  and  Antilla,  was  destroyed  or  damaged, 
as  well  as  every  bridge  between  AntUla  and  Guantanamo,  and  nearly  all  the  railway  stations. 
Practically  one-half  of  the  cane  crop  was  destroyed.  The  cane  fields  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Jobabo  were  devastated. 

The  14  mills  that  have  now  stopped  grinding  for  the  season  show  a  production  of  162,539 
tons,  as  against  an  estimated  production  of  319,300  tons,  a  difference  of  156,761  tons,  or  49.09 
per  cent,  all  due  to  the  destruction  caused  by  the  revolutionists. 

Notwithstanding  the  destuction,  Cuba  wUl  be  in  a  position  to  produce  over  3,500,000 
tons  of  sugar  in  1918,  as  there  are  a  number  of  large  mills  now  in  course  of  construction  which 
will  be  ready  to  grind  in  December  next,  and  there  are  many  thoasand  acres  of  new  fields 
planted.  The  output,  however,  will  depend  upon  general  conditions,  improvement  of  the 
transportation  facilities  and  labor  conditions. 

Transportation  Dijjicidties — Labor  Shortage. 

The  transportation  facilities  of  Cuba  have  always  been  inadequate.  With  the  exception 
of  the  Chaparra  and  Delicias  mills,  which  have  their  own  railway  and  seaboard  facilities, 
and  the  Preston  mill  on  Nipe  Bay,  all  the  mills  in  Cuba  are  dependent  upon  the  Cuba  Rail- 
way Co.  for  the  transport  of  their  sugar  to  a  seaport,  and  are  also  dependent  upon  it  for  their 
supplies.  Complaint  has  been  made  regarding  the  lack  of  transportation  facilities,  which 
have  tied  up  thousands  of  tons  of  sugar  in  warehouses,  on  which  mill  owners  are  unable  to 
get  any  advances  from  the  banks. 

The  most  serious  problem  that  confronts  the  sugar  cane  growers  in  Cuba  at  present  is 
the  scarcity  of  labor,  and  unless  some  action  is  taken  to  remedy  this  defect  they  will  be  seriously 
hampered  in  their  operations  in  cultivating  the  fields  and  in  gathering  the  next  season's  crop 
The  revolution  caused  many  thousands  of  Spaniards,  Haitians,  and  others  to  leave  the  country, 
and  it  is  feared  they  wUl  not  return. 

It  is  estimated  that  50,000  extra  hands  will  be  required  by  Cuba  for  the  cultivation  of 
the  cane  fields  and  for  cutting  and  grinding  next  season's  crop.  The  cane  cutters  are  now 
receiving  $1  to  .$1.30  per  100  arrobas  (2,500  pounds)  for  cutting  cane.  The  workers  on  the 
fields  and  the  cart  drivers  receive  $2  to  $3  per  day. 

Possibilities  of  Greater  Yield. 
The  soil  of  the  Provinces  of  Oriente  and  Camaguey  is  very  fertile  and  it  is  capable,  with 
intensive  cultivation,  of  producing  a  much  greater  yield.  A  large  percentage  of  the  land  now 
under  cultivation  is  practically  virgin  soil.  Three  crops  of  corn  can  be  raised  each  year. 
Cane  once  planted  reproduces  itself  each  year  for  20  to  25  years,  and  the  only  fertilization 
the  soil  requires  is  the  cut  leaves  from  the  cane  which  is  left  in  the  fields  at  harvest  time. 
The  country  also  contains  thousands  of  acres  of  grazing  lands,  and  vegetables  of  all  descrip- 
tions grow  continuously. 


THl!.    CUBA     REVIKW 


29 


COST  OF  AMERICAN  CANE  SUGAR 
COMPARED  WITH  CUBAN 

The  cost  of  producing  cano  susar  in  the 
United  States  and  i)oss(>ssi(jns  is  compared 
with  that  in  Cuba  in  a  report  entitled  "The 
Cane  Sugar  Industry,''  issued  June  30,  1.917, 
by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Doniertic 
Commerce,  of  the  Department  of  Commerce. 
Forty-nine  per  cent,  of  the  total  sugar  con- 
sumed in  the  United  States  is  produced  in 
seven  of  our  western  States,  two  of  our 
Southern  States,  and  our  insular  pos-sessions. 
The  remaining  fifty-one  per  cent,  comes  from 
Cuba  and  other  foreign  countries.  The 
Bureau's  report  is  the  first  thorough  study 
of  actual  conditions  in  the  competing  sugar 
regions  that  has  ever  been  published. 

According  to  the  Government  investiga- 
tors, the  average  cost  of  producing  cane 
sugar  in  Hawaii  during  the  normal  crop  year 
1913-1914  was  $44.59  f.  o.  b.  factory.  In 
Porto  Fico  it  was  $52.29,  in  Louisiana  $79.50, 
and  in  Cuba  $28.92.  The  average  marketing 
cost  per  ton  from  factory  to  dehvery  in  the 
United  States  was,  for  Hawaii  $9.34,  for 
Porto  Eico,  $4.27  and  for  Cuba  $5.46. 

Per  poimd  of  sugar  delivered  in  the  United 
States,  the  average  cost  of  the  Hawaiian 
product  was  2.697  cents,  of  the  Porto  Rican 
2.328  cents,  of  Louisiana  sugar  3.975  cents, 
and  for  the  Cuban  1.719  cents,  not  counting 
the  duty.  With  the  duty  added  the  cost  of 
Cuban  sugar  deUvered  in  the  L'nited  States 
was  2.7238  cents.  For  96  per  cent,  of  all 
the  beet  .sugar  produced  in  the  United  States 
during  the  same  crop  year  the  average  cost 
f.  o.  b.  factory  was  3.74  cents  a  pound. 

In  Hawaii  the  average  cane  production 
per  acre  harvested  for  mill  was  43.92  tons, 
in  Porto  Eico  20.45  tons,  in  Louisiana  18.29 
tons,  and  in  Cuba  21.32  tons.  For  every 
acre  of  cane,  Hawaii  produced  an  average  of 
10,992  pounds  of  sugar,  Porto  Rico  4,539 
poimds,  and  Cuba  4,912  pounds.  Louisiana's 
highest  average  production  during  the  crop 
years  1909-10,  1910-11  and  1911-12  was 
2,616  pounds  of  sugar  per  acre. 

The  most  scientific  and  intensive  system 
of  cultivation  is  practiced  in  Hawaii,  in 
striking  contrast  with  the  exiensive  system 
in  vogue  in  Cuba.  The  cane-cutting,  loading 
and  transportation  methods  contrast  very 
favorably  with  those  of  Cuba;  the  rushing 
of  the  cane  by  fluming  from  the  harvest 
field  to  the  factory  and  the  bringing  of  the 
railwav  track  and  car  upon  the  heels  of  the 


cane  cutters  in  all  jtarts  of  the  fields  in  Hawaii 
are  very  modem  developments  when  com- 
pared with  the  laborious  and  preci.sc  adjast- 
ment  of  each  stalk  in  the  ox-cart,  and  the 
slow  hauling  of  the  cane  by  o.\  teams  to  the 
railroad,  to  be  reloaded  and  hauled  to  the 
mill  in  Cuba.  In  the  extraction  of  juice 
from  the  cane  in  Hawaiian  factories  and  in 
other  milling  and  scientific  processes  the 
r(>sults  attained  are  the  best  of  all  cane- 
sugar  countries.  Eecaase  of  the  fact  that 
Hawaii  represents  the  best  efforts  of  the 
I'nited  States  and  its  insular  possessions, 
the  Bureau's  report  makes  extended  compari- 
sons between  the  conditions  and  results  in 
Hawaii  and  those  of  its  principal  competitor 
and  the  main  source  of  our  foreign  sugar 
supply,  the  island  of  Cuba. 

Although  the  exhaustive  report  (it  con- 
tains 462  pages)  is  given  over  largely  to  a 
discussion  of  the  cost  of  producing  sugar, 
there  are  included  some  interesting  statistics 
of  the  world's  production  of  cane  and  beet 
sugar  since  the  Brassels  Convention  of  1903, 
the  destination  of  cane  and  beet  sugar  ex- 
ported from  each  country,  and  the  source 
of  the  sugar  imports  of  each  country  together 
with  the  annual  and  per  capita  consumption. 
It  also  gives  the  average,  the  highest  and  the 
lowest  prices  per  pound  at  New  York  for 
each  month  and  each  year  from  1904  to  1916 
of  96  centrifugal  raw  and  fine  granulated 
sugars,  together  with  the  differences  between 
the  wholesale  prices  of  raw  and  refined  sugar 
and  the  differences  between  the  wholesale 
and  retail  prices  of  refined  sugar. 

The  report  is  the  last  that  will  be  issued 
by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Commerce  on  the  cost  of  production  in  this 
country  as  compared  with  that  in  other 
countries,  as  the  division  that  did  this  work, 
known  as  the  Cost  of  Production  Division, 
has  been  taken  over  by  the  Tariff  Board, 
where  the  expert  knowledge  of  the  members 
of  the  staff  will  be  used  in  making  investiga- 
tions of  production  costs  for  the  guidance  of 
the  Board  in  suggesting  changes  in  tariff 
schedules.  The  full  title  of  the  bulletin  is 
"The  Cane  Sugar  Industry;  Agricultiu-al 
Manufacturing  and  Marketing  Costs  in 
Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  Louisiana  and  Cuba," 
Miscellaneous  Series  No.  53. 


LABORATORY 

The  new  laboratory  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  at  Havana  was  opened  early  in 
August. 


30 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


jAPi.      FEa     Mar.     Apr       May    juh.     July      Aug.     Sep       Oct     Mov.      Dec. 

LiDiagram  Showing  Market  Price  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar  at  New  York,  c.  and  f.  Basir-  06-  Test- 


THECUBAREVIEW  31 


SUGAR  AT  SIX  CENTS 

AX  lust,  three  years  after  the  ()Utl)reak  of  tlii!  war,  the  priee  of  sun.ar  has  cx- 
ceecle(]  the  lon^  anticipated  figure  of  six  eents  i)er  pound.  If  is  interestinti  to  reeall  that 
at  the  outl)reak  of  the  war  the  price  of  sugar  jumped  from  2%  to  514  cf^nia  inside;  (jf  a  week, 
and  at  this  time  it  was  predicted  that  sugar  would  go  as  high  as  9  cents  or  10  cents,  and  some 
speculators  went  so  far  as  to  buy  sugar  at  a  price  approximately  6  cents  in  anticipation  of  taking 
immediate  and  large  profits. 

The  i-eason  for  the  present  high  price  of  sugar  might  be  attributable  to  the  statistical 
situation  wliich  shows  that  there  is  not  sufficient  sugar  to  meet  the  demand,  but  on  the  other 
hand,  during  the  past  three  years  there  have  been  many  occasions  when  those  interested  in 
the  niamifacture  and  sale  of  sugar  have  felt  that  the  demand  was  far  in  excess  of  the  world 
production,  and  justly  predicted  a  rapid  increase  in  the  price  of  sugar,  and  at  such  times  it 
would  naturally  be  expected  that  the  price  would  exceed  G  cents.  This,  however,  did  not  take 
place  and,  therefore,  it  is  perfectly  natural  that  we  should  look  to  some  other  caasc  for  a  satis- 
factory explanation  of  the  present  rise,  and  with  this  idea  in  mind  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  the  demand  which  we  are  now  experiencing  for  raw  sugar  is  attributable  to  the  anxiety 
on  the  part  of  the  buyers  of  raw  sugar  to  fill  their  orders  for  refined,  which  temporarily  has 
caused  some  pressure  on  the  market. 

It  is  to  be  expected  that  the  market  price  for  raw  sugar  will  fluctuate,  depending  upon 
ihe  outside  influences  brought  to  bear  on  this  market,  but  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  balance 
■of  the  supiily  of  Cuban  sugar  is  held  in  strong  hands,  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that 
the  price  will  be  maintained  on  a  comparatively  high  level,  although  it  may  suffer  slight  re- 
action from  time  to  time. 


FINAL  REPORT  ON  BEET  SUGAR.   1916 

Final  returns  from  practically  all  operating  factories  give  the  1916  production  of  beet 
sugar  in  the  United  States  as  852,074  short  tons.  Unfavorable  growing  conditions  reduced 
the  expected  yield,  and  in  some  regions  thousands  of  tons  of  unharvested  beets  were  frozen  in 
the  ground. 

State,  and  year  of  beet  harvest  Sugar  made     Area  harvested       Beets  worked 

1916  Short  Ions  Acres  Short  tons 

California 274,.539  144,803  1,125,595 

Colorado  2.52,147  188,567  1,933,.595 

Idaho  4.5,874  42,134  331,478 

Michigan 69,341  99,619  502,705 

Ohio         18,234  24,767  137,696 

Utah 90,277  68,211  708,237 

■Other  States 108,462  100,911  843,071 


United  States 858,874  669,012  5,582,373 


1915  874,220  611,301  6,150,293 

1914  [[[[ 722,054  483,400  5,288,500 

1913 733,401  580,00u  5,659,462 

— The  Monthly  Crop  Report. 


NETHERLANDS  SUGAR 


According  to  official  statistics,  which  cover  the  whole  of  the  Netherlands,  the  imports  an  1 
•exports  of  sugar  for  the  years  1914,  1915  and  1916,  were  as  follows: 

Imports.  - — Exports. 

Kind                                                     1914              191.5                1916  1914              1915             1916 

Metric           Metric             Metric  Metric          Metric          Metric 

Tons.             Tons.               Tons.  Tons.             Tons.             Tons. 

Jlaw  beet -iugar                           202..323          19,312            2,263  116,808          67,081          37,694 

Raw  cane  *u|ar 9  146            2,047          22,718  2,596               580          22.339 

Another  ..........:....: 43:.589            9,853          25,788  172,274        103,186          32,281 

Totals 255,058          31.212          50,769  291,678        170,847          92,314 


32 


THE      CUBA     REVIEW 


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Jam.    Feb.   Mar.  Apr.   May  Jun.  Jul.  Aug.  5ep.    Oct.    Hov.   Dec. 


DIAGRAAI 
Showing  Exports  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar  to  Europe  during  1915,51916Jand]1917  (to  Aug.  1st.) 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


33 


EUROPEAN   SHIPMENTS 


The  continuity  of  shipments  of  raw  sugar  from  Cuba  transatlantic  have  entirely  vindicated 
t  he  opinion  expressed  in  the  May  issue  of  the  Cuba  Rrrricw  to  the  effect  that  indications 
at  that  time  were  that  shipments  of  raw  sugar  in  1917  would  exceed  those  in  1916.  I'p  to  the 
present  time  there  has  been  shipped  from  Cuba  to  Europe  and  England  approximately  40,000 
tons  more  than  during  a  similar  period  last  year. 

On  the  other  hand,  shipments  of  refined  sugars  from  the  United  States  have  dccrea.sed, 
and  up  to  date  are  only  60  per  cent,  of  what  they  were  a  j-ear  ago.  Shipments  of  raw  sugars 
from  Cuba  and  refined  from  the  United  States  in  the  aggregate  are  less  this  year  than  during  a 
corresponding  period  of  last  year.  It  is,  therefore,  natural  to  expect  that  the  total  shipments  of 
sugars  transatlantic,  including  raw  and  refined,  will  be  less  in  1917  than  actually  took  place  in 
1916,  inasmuch  as  it  is  highly  improbable  that  these  large  differences  will  be  made  up  in  view 
of  the  available  supply  of  raw  sugar  and  the  constantly  increasing  demand  in  the  home  market 
for  refined.  In  the  meantime  old  crop  sugars  are  in  storehouse  in  Java  on  the  eve  of  harvest- 
ing a  large  new  crop,  but  these  sugars  are  not  readily  available  to  this  market  or  to  the  Euro- 
pean market  by  reason  of  the  great  shortage  of  steam  tonnage  for  transportation. 


THE  INDIAN  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


Contrary'  to  public  expectation,  the  area  under  sugar  cane  in  India  is  slightly  less  than  at 
the  corresponding  date  last  year,  the  latest  estimates  being  2,354,000  acres  in  1916  as  against 
2,508,000  acres  in  1915.  The  figures,  according  to  the  Provinces  which  yield  collectively  99 
per  cent  of  the  total  crop,  are  as  under: 

Increase  + 

Provinces.  1916-17  1915-16  or 

Acres.  Acres.  Decrease — • 

United  Provinces 1,220,000  1,390,000  —170,000 

Punjab 358,000  354,000  +     4,000 

Bihar  and  Orissa 270,000  268,000  +     2,000 

Bengal 223,000  234,000  —  11,000 

Madras 99,000  85,000  +  14,000 

Bombay  and  Sind  (including  Native  States)..  95,000  89,000  +     6,000 

Assam 35,000  36,000  —    1,000 

North-West  Frontier  Province 32,000  32,000         

Central  Provinces  and  Berar 22,000  20,000  +     2,000 

Total 2,354,000  2,508,000  —154,000 

The  bulk  of  the  sugar  is  produced  by  primitive  methods,  and  the  average  return  does  not 
exceed  a  ton  of  sugar  per  acre- a  glaring  contrast  to  the  yields  in  other  parts  of  the  world. 
There  is  no  reason  why  the  sugar  output  of  India  should  not  be  doubled  without  a  single  addi- 
tional acre  being  put  in  cultivation,  by  the  adoption  of  modern  methods  of  cane-sugar  produc- 
tion.—T/jc  Wist  India  Committee  Circular. 


CENTRAL  ALGODONES 

Central  "Algodones,"  one  of  the  new  mills 
in  Camaguey  Province,  has  recently  placed 
an  order  with  the  Baldwin  Locomotive  ^^'orks 
for  two  latest  tj-pe  sugar  road  locomotives 
for  this  plantation. 


SUGAR  IN  VERA  CRUZ 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  none  of  the  estates  in 
^'era  Cruz  is  being  operated  to  full  capacity, 
the  demand  for  sugar  there  has  exceeded 
the  supply,  resulting  in  a  price  two  or  three 
times  that  of  normal  times. 


:U 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


STATISTICS  OF  YELLOW  PINE  LUMBER 

IMPORTED  INTO  CUBA  DURING  1916 

Compiled  by  Ramon  Cardona,  Habana. 

PORT.  Feet. 

Habana 77,951,077 

Sagua  la  Grande 17,612,127 

Caibarien 16,043,132 

Cardenas 13,684,292 

Antilla 13,031,922 

Santiago  de  Cuba 11,289,587 

jMatanzas 9,256,998 

Cienfuegos 8,505,709 

:Manzanillo 6,835,895 

Guantdnamo 3,711 ,862 

Puerto  Padre 3,502,944 

Nuevitas 2,011,707 

Jucaro 1,521,753 

:Manati 1,371,779 

Gibara 1,168,648 

Banes 882,405 

Casilda 666,000 

Vita 583,000 

Niquero 440,000 

Grand  Total 189,598,629 


AMERICAN_CONSTRUCTION  MATERIALS 
FOR  CUBA 

Cuba's  prosperity  has  resulted  in  extensive 
plans  for  new  sugar  mills,  new  railways,  and 
many  other  phases  of  engineering  activity, 
all  of  which  will  mean  new  orders  for  Ameri- 
can construction  material  and  machinery, 
according  to  an  official  survey  of  the  situation 
recently  completed  by  Special  Agent  W.  W. 
Ewing,  of  the  Biu-eau  of  Foreign  and  Domes- 
tic Commerce,  Department  of  Commerce. 

A  number  of  new  sugar  mills  are  projected 
for  this  season,  and  railway  construction  and 
extension  is  being  planned  on  a  large  scale. 
The  heavy  traffic  movement  of  both  sugar 
and  general  merchandise  will  make  necessary 
a  great  development  of  the  wharf  facilities, 
and  the  need  for  greater  warehouse  space 
and  other  port  improvements  is  apparent. 
.Modern  hotel  buildings  are  already  being 
planned  and  sites  acquired  in  order  to  meet 
the  demands  of  the  tourist  traffic.  .Many 
other  indications  of  engineering  activity  are 
to  be  seen  in  all  parts  of  the  island.  The 
United  States  is  in  the  best  position  to  supply 


the  materials  needed  for  all  such  improve- 
ments. 

Mr.  Ewing's  report  is  entitled  "Markets 
for  Construction  .Materials  and  Machinery 
in  Cuba,"  Special  Agents  Series  No.  139. 
It  deals  with  present  building  activities  and 
with  the  demand  for  general  construction 
material  ,  flooring  materials,  roofing  mater- 
ials, materials  for  interior  finish,  and  con- 
struction machinery  and  tools.  There  is 
also  a  chapter  on  commercial  practices  and 
requirements  and  several  pages  of  statistical 
tables. 


PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 

Link  Belt  Roller  Chain.— Book  Xo.  326, 
published  by  the  Link  Belt  Co. 

This  booklet  Avas  printed  for  distribution 
at  the  Fremont  Tractor  Demonstration  in 
August,  1917,  and  gives  many  interesting 
facts  in  regard  to  the  manufacture  and  use 
of  roller  chains.  The  chain  is  described  in 
detail  with  illustrations  and  the  book  also 
contains  illustrations  of  tractors  which  are 
equipped  with  Link-Belt  roller  chains. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW  35 


ASome  FacLs    ahuat    Holler   Chain    Drire.s. —  the    JiitcriKilional    In.stitutc    of    AKri<'ulture, 

Book  No.  361,  published  by  the  Link-Belt  Rome,  Italy. 

Co.     Thi.s  book  contains  an  article  written  Tliis  j)M})licati()n  consist'^  of  a  booklet  of 

by  A.  Lee  Henson,  fully  describing  the  appli-  more    than    scvcntN-    pa^cs    and    includes  a 

cation  of  the  diain  drive  to  tlie  Smith  Motor  consi(leral)le     number     of     statistics,     some 

Truck.  official    and    some    from    f)ther    triLstworthy 


Copies  of  these  books  may  be  obtained 
by  application  to  the  Link-Belt  Co.  in  Phila- 
delphia, Chicago  or  Indianapolis. 


sources,  on  phosphatic,  pota-sh  and  nitro- 
genous fertilizers,  as  well  as  the  principal 
chemical  products  li.sted  in  agriculture.  The 
Ijook  treats  of  the  world's  i)roduction  of  these 
The   Inter  national   Movement   of  Fertilizers      articles  in  the  international  trade   and  the 

and  Chemical  Products  Useful  to  Agriculture.       wholesale   price.s   for  the   period   under   con- 

— Book  No.   6,   ^.'arch,   1917,  published  by       sideration. 


SUGAR  REVIEW 


Specidlly  written  for  T)in  Cuba  Review  by  Willett  A  Gray,  New  York,  -V.   Y . 

Our  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  July  9,  1917. 

At  that  date  Cuba  Centrifugal  sugar  of  96''  test  basis  was  quoted  at  5'/2C.  c.&  f.  New  ^'ork. 
and  is  now  6J4c.  c.  &  f. 

^^  ith  but  two  exceptions  the  changes  have  all  been  upward  during  the  months  under  review, 
fluctuations  having  occurred  as  follows:  July  9,  5  5/ 16c.  c.  &  f.;  July  11,  o^^c;  12th,  5}^c.; 
17th,  5  19/32C.;  ISth,  55^c.;  20th,  5  9/16c.;  24th,  55^c;  25th,  S^c;  27th,  5  15/16c.;  30th, 
6c.;  August  2d,  63/8C.;  3d,  63^c.  c.  &  f. 

Porto  Rico  sugars  have  advanced  during  the  month  from  6.23c.  to  7.21c.,  having  been  under 
the  same  influence  as  the  Cuban  sugar  market,  which  is  affected  by  the  large  purchases  of 
Cuba  sugar  for  shipment  to  Europe,  as  well  as  to  this  country. 

The  unsold  available  supply  in  Cuba  is  run  down  to  about  2.50,000  tons,  and  included  in 
this  amount  is  a  considerable  amount  of  sugar  that  is  yet  to  be  made,  and  for  this  reason  C'ubau 
sellers  have  been  reluctant  to  offer  sugars  until  they  are  able  to  ascertain  exactly  how  the  crop 
will  outturn.  The  above  figure  must  be  divided  up  between  the  United  States  refiners,  Cana- 
dian refiners,  the  British  and  French  Governments,  and  is  it  easy  to  learn  the  strength  of  the 
situation. 

As  far  as  the  sugar  supply  of  the  entire  world  is  concerned  there  is  plenty  of  sugar  even 
under  a  decreased  production  of  European  beet  sugar,  and  the  increased  production  of  cane 
sugar  throughout  the  world,  which  has  been  stimulated  by  the  prevailing  high  war  prices. 
The  only  trouble  is  that  the  sugar  that  is  available  is  in  the  wrong  part  of  the  world;  that  is, 
in  Java  and  the  Philippines,  available  supply  of  the  former  Island  being  from  600,000  to  1,000,- 
000  tons,  and  the  latter  about  70,000  tons.  However,  the  sugar  is  not  in  the  part  of  the  world 
where  the  demand  exists — Europe  and  America — and  the  problem  of  transporting  sugar  from 
eastern  producing  countries  to  western  consuming  countries  is  a  very  serious  one,  especially 
under  the  present  existing  state  of  ocean  tonnage  with  which  everyone  is  familiar. 

Relief  from  the  high  prices  prevailing  will  not  be  in  sight,  until  the  new  United  States 
beet  crop,  the  Louisiana  cane  crop,  and  the  Cuban  and  other  West  Indian  cane  crops  come  to 
market,  beginning  from  October  to  December  this  year. 

Refined  sugar  has  been  very  difficult  to  buy,  all  refiners  limiting  sales  and  .some  being  en- 
tirely withdrawn  from  the  market.  Quotations  for  granulated,  duty  paid,  have  been  advancing 
from  7Kc.  to  8.40c.  and  8.75c  less  2%,  which  advance,  of  course,  has  been  necessitated  by 
the  corresponding  increase  in  raw  sugar  prices. 

The  Cuba  crop  has  continued  to  catch  up  upon  that  of  last  year,  visible  production  to  Aug. 
4th,  being  2,862,619  tons  or  only  69,365  tons  less  than  corresponding  figure  last  year,  which  is 
2,931,984  tons.    Last  year  the  crop  was  shghtly  over  3,000,000  tons,  and  this  year's  crop  will 


36  THE     CUBA    REVIEW 

about  equal  it.  In  catching  up  in  the  shortage,  comparison  with  last  year  can  be  more  readily 
seen  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  shortage  in  April  of  this  year  was  over  300,000  tons.  We 
estimate  that  14  centrals  are  now  working  in  the  Island  of  Cuba  against  five  last  year  and  six 
in  1915.  WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

New  York,  August  7,  1917. 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 


Bscrita  espeeialmente  para  la  Cuba  RetitiB  par  WilUU  A  Gray,  de  Naeva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  resena  para  esta  pubUcaci6n  estaba  fechada  el  9  de  juUo  de  1917. 

Fn  esa  fecha  el  aziicar  centrifugo  de  Cuba  polarizacion  98°  se  cotizaba  d  5f^c.  costo  y 
flete  en  Nueva  York,  y  ahora  se  cotiza  A  GJ^c.  costo  y  flete. 

Excepto  en  dos  casos,  los  cambios  han  sido  todos  hacia  el  alza  dinante  el  mes  bajo  reseiia, 
teniendo  lugar  las  fluctuaciones  del  modo  siguiente:  julio  9,  5  5/16c.  c.  y  f.;  julio  11,  5^c.; 
ell2,  SJoc;    ell7,  5  19/32C.;    el  18,  5^c.;    el  20,  5  9/l6c.;  el  24,  S^c.f  el  25,  5Mc.;    el  27, 

5  15/l6c.;  el  30,  6c.;  el  2  de  agosto,  63^c.;  y  el  3  de  agosto  63^c.  costo  y  flete. 

Los  azucares  de  Puerto  Rico  han  subido  en  precio  durante  el  mes  desde  6.23c.  a  7.21c., 
habiendo  estado  bajo  la  misma  influencia  que  el  mercado  de  aziicar  de  Cuba,  el  cual  es  dsu  vez 
afectado  por  las  grandes  compras  de  azucar  de  Cuba  para  embarcar  a  Europa,  asi  como  para 
este  pais. 

Las  existencias  sin  vender  y  disponibles  en  Cuba  se  han  reducido  a  unas  250,000  tone- 
ladas,  e  inclusa  en  esta  cantidad  hay  considerable  cantidad  de  azucar  todavia  por  elaborar,  y 
por  este  niotivo  los  vendedores  de  Cuba  no  se  deciden  a  ofrecer  azucares  hasta  poder  averi- 
guar  exactamente  lo  que  rendira  la  zafra.  La  cantidad  antes  expresada  tiene  que  ser  repartida 
entre  los  refinadores  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  los  refinadores  del  Canada  y  los  Gobiernos  de 
Francia  y  la  Gran  Bretana,  asi  es  que  es  fdcil  averiguar  la  firmaza  de  la  situaci6n. 

En  cuanto  d  lo  que  se  refiere  &  las  existencias  de  azucar  del  mundo  entero,  hay  abundancia 
de  azucar  aun  a  pesar  de  la  disminucion  de  dicho  producto  en  el  azucar  de  remolacha 
de  Europa,  y  el  aiunento  de  produccion  de  azucar  de  caiia  por  todo  el  mundo,  el  cual  ha  sido 
estimulado  por  los  altos  precios  prevalecientes  d  causa  de  la  guerra.  El  unico  inconveniente 
es  que  el  aziuar  disponible  se  halla  en  una  parte  del  mundo  no  muy  accesible,  esto  es  en  Java 
y  en  las  Fihpinas,  las  existencias  disponibles  en  el  primer  punto  siendo  de  600,000  a  1,000,000 
toneladas,  y  las  de  las  Filipinas  unas  70,000  toneladas.  Sin  embargo,  el  azucar  no  se  halla  en 
aquella  parte  del  mundo  donde  existe  la  demanda — Europa  y  America — -y  el  prob- 
lema  de  transportar  el  azucar  desde  los  paises  productores  del  oriente  d  los  paises  consumidores 
del  occidente  es  cosa  muy  seria,  especialmente  bajo  el  estado  que  existe  al  presente  acerca  del 
tonelaje  maritimo,  de  que  todo  el  mundo  es  conocedor. 

La  baja  en  los  altos  precios  prevalecientes  no  tendrd,  lugar  hasta  que  Ueguen  al  mercado  la 
cosecha  de  azucar  de  remolache  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  la  cosecha  de  azucar  de  cana  de  la 
Luisiana  y  la  cosecha  de  azucar  de  cana  de  Cuba  y  de  otras  cosechas  de  las  Antillas,  que  em- 
pezara  desde  octubre  d.  diciembre  de  este  ano. 

Ha  sido  muy  dificil  la  compra  de  azucar  refinado,  todos  los  refinadores  limitando  sus  ventas 
y  algunos  retirdndose  entermente  del  mercado.  Las  cotizaciones  del  azucar  granulado,  derechos 
pagados,  han  subido  de  73^c.  d  8.40c.  y  8.75c.  menos  2%,  cuya  alza,  por  supuesto,  ha  sido 
necesaria  por  el  correspondiente  aumento  en  los  precios  del  azucar  crudo. 

La  zafra  de  Cuba  ha  continuado  d  la  altura  de  la  del  ano  pasado,  la  produccion  visible  el  4 
de  agosto  siendo  de  2,862,619  toneladas,  6  sea  solamente  69,365  toneladas  menos  que  en  la  cor- 
respondiente fecha  el  aiio  pasado,  que  era  de  2,931,984  toneladas.  El  aiio  pasado  la  zafra 
fuc  de  un  poco  mas  de  3,000,0000  toneladas,  y  la  zafra  de  este  ano  casi  la  igualara.  Al  dis- 
minuir  la  merma,  la  comparacion  con  la  zafra  del  aiio  pasado  puede  verse  mas  facilmente 
teniendo  en  cuenta  que  la  merma  en  abril  de  este  ano  era  de  mas  de  300,000  toneladas.  Cal- 
culamos  que  hay  ahora  14  centrales  funcionando  en  la  Isla  de  Cuba,  contra  5  el  ano  pasado  y 

6  en  1915.  WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Nueva  ^'ork,  agosto  7  de  1917. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


37 


Cable  Address   "Turnure" 


New  York--Sl— 36    Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of  Divi- 
dends and  Interest.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters  of 
Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons.,  Etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letter* 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo 
and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 

HAVANA— N.  C«lata  y  Ca.  LONDON— The  London  Joint  Stock  Bank,  Ltd. 

PUERTO  RICO^-Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto  Rico  PARIS— Heine  et  Cie. 


PYREX  LABORATORY  GLASSWARE 


Pyrex  Glass — -a  new  borosilicate  glass  possessing  an  extraordinarily  low  ex])aiisijii 
coefficient,  0.0000032,  and  great  resistance  to  sudden  temperature  changes. 

Chemical  stability  tests  show  Pyrex  glass  to  be  less  soluble  in  water  and  acids  and 
about  equally  soluble  in  alkalis,  compared  with  the  best  resistance  glass,  either  American 
or  foreign,  hithertofore  offered.  The  glass  contains  no  metals  of  the  magnesia-lime-zinc 
group  and  no  heavy  metals. 

The  low  ex]Dansion  coeffic'ent  makes  it  possible  to  make  PjTex  beakers  and  flasks  with 
wall  slightl}'  thicl-er  ttian  usual— tais  greatly  increases  the  durability  of  the  vessels  without 
diminishing  tlic  resistance  to  sudden  heating  and  cooling. 

Descriptive   Price   List    Upon   Request 


EIMER  &  AMEND 


NEW   YORK   CITY 


PITTSBURGH,   PA. 


OTTAWA,   CAN. 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 
p.  O.   BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 

We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


CAR  S 


10-4. 8^    GAGE  FL.\TS— Ungth  10  ft.  6in. 

Capacity  20,000  lbs. 

28-24  in.   GAGE.   8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom   Gondola 

ALL  STEEL  CONSTRUCTION 

Length   19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10  Tone 

Weight  7,500  lbs. 

Fi  RST  -  CLASS     CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe  Flat    Cars 

PROMPT  SHIPMENT      .-.      LOW  PRICE 

RAILS,      LOCOMOTIVES,      CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 

JkUnUTTA 

:^WALTER  A   ZELMICrtER  SUPPLY  COM" 


38 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and  Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


SUGAR  CROP  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS 

Statements  from  the  Sugar  Factors  Co. 
(Ltd.),  which  handles  and  ships  the  output 
of  the  major  number  of  sugar  corporations 
in  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  indicate  that  the 
value  of  the  1917  crop,  based  on  an  estimated 
output  of  643,620  tons,  at  the  current  market 
price  of  sugar  will  be  $79,165,600.  The 
value  of  the  1916  crop  was  $68,000,000. 

Prior  to  last  year  the  cost  of  production 
of  Hawaiian  sugar,  per  short  ton,  was  being 
cut  down  through  steady  development  in 
efficiency.     Now,   however,   very  largely  on 


account  of  the  heavy  bonuses  paid  to  laborers, 
the  cost  shows  a  marked  increase.  During 
the  last  period  more  than  $4,000,000  was  paid 
to  laborers  on  the  bonus  plan.  This  is  based 
on  the  price  of  sugar.  As  the  planter  profits, 
so  do  the  laboreres. 

The  increased  use  of  commercial  fertilizers 
has  been  evident  on  the  sugar  plantations 
during  the  past  five  years.  The  quantity 
of  commercial  fertilizers  used  in  1917  will 
total  approximately  85,000  tons.  Five  years 
ago,  in  1913,  the  amount  was  62,213  tons.— 
A.  P.  Taylor,  Honolulu. 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1   WALL  ST.    NEW  YORK 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handhng 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.  A.   MERCHANT 
J.  T.  MONAHAN 
CHAS.   F.   PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES     - 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.  Cashier 


Pedro  Pablo   Diago  Guillermo   Carricaburu 

LOUIS    V.    PLACiE   CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP    BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,   Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:  "PLAC£" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET  NEW     YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::  $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sample  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Please  mention   THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  writing  to  Advertisers 


T  II  K     (;  U  H  A     IlIO  V  1  E  W  39 


POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,   80   Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL    STATION   fror 
5  A.  M.   to  8  P.  M.        Lost   train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL   STATION   from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.      Laet  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


SLBLRBAN  SEIIVK  K  TO  RECJLA,  CilJANABAC  OA,  AND  (ASA  BI.ANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTKKSSj  FROM  UJZ  FKRRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

RcKla  (Forryj *0.0r) 

(jiianahacoa  (Ferry  arirl  Kloctric  Railway) 10 

Gasa  Blaiica  and  (Jabafia.s  FortresH  (Forry) 05 

P'erry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  sorvice  to  Guanahacoa  every  l.'i  rniniiteH,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  rnidniKht,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Gasa  Blanoa,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kindi.     Architectural  Iron  and  Braia 

Caitlngi.     Light   and   Heavy   Forglngs.     All   kfndi  of   Machinery   SupplUa. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.   KLINQ,   Prop.  MORII  E       ALA 

JAS.   S.   BOQUE,  Supt.  iVlWDlLE-,      /\L./\. 


THE    AMERICAN     PHOTO    CO 

PHOTOGRAPHY  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES 

('on.struction,  Mininj;  and  Su(;ar-Mill  Work  a  .specialty.  Wo  art;  th*;  lar(,'e;t,  bent 
equippcfl  and  mont  fcxpericncwl  hou.se  in  Cuba  Samp!e<  and  estimates  .suhmitte'l 
upon  request.    Let  u.s  help  you  make  your  afiverti.sementH  convincini^. 

HAVANA  OBISPO  70  CUBA 


Telephone    3.'}  Hamilton.      Niaiit  Call,  41 1  Harrjilton.  CJablu  A<J'lr<:««:      "AMwork*,"  New  York 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.     Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forging*, Iron  and  Iira*i  Cajtingi,  Copper  Hf<«cialtie«.  Di«»el  Motor  Ileoairi,  Cold  Htoraie 
Inatallation,    Oil   Fuel  Iriataliatlon,  Carpenter   and    Joiner    Work 

!?:"  fMLAY^TREE"   ]^'"  "•'"•'»«"'   ^erry  BROOKLYN.   N.    Y. 

Agent*  for  "KInghorn"   Multiplex  Valve 


Please  merdion  THE  CUBA   REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertiaert 


40 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE 


TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 


CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Corr«apond*nc«  Sollcit*d  from 
I  n t • n d I n g       InTsstors 

OFFICERS 

Normftn  H.  Davis      .....     President 

Oswald  A.  Homsby   -     -     .     -  Vice-President 
Claudio  Q.  Mendoia       ...  Vice-President 
J.  M.  Hopgood     ---.-.    Treasxirer 
Rogelio  Carbajal  ......     Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner    •     -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Dept. 


P. 

RUIZ 

® 

BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

CARRITO  DE  LINEA 

Para  Pasajeros,  Equipajes,    Carga  y   Materiales  y 
Herramientos  de  Reparaciones.     Fuerte  y 
Muy  Util.      Dos  Tamanos. 

HORACE  F.   RUGGLES,   M.E.,   Fabricante 

108  Wall  Street,  New  York 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO    EN   1869 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Active  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  St». 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en   Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espafia  6  Islas  Canafiaa  y  Baleares 
y  en  todaa  las  otras  plazas  bancablea  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

&    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeroa  en  Libras 

Esterlinas   6   Pesetas,   valederaa   estaa   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la  Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Of icina  Principal      -     -     -     OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established    1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the  Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi- 
ness— Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  GONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable  Address,  "Tide,  New   York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writinc  to  Advertisers 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1  No.l7  No.  3  No.  7  No.  5 

P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  A.  M.  A.  M. 


10.30 


10.00 

A.M. 

12.06 

4.40 

9.00 
10.55 

5.28 


8.50 

1 

10.20 
P.  M 

1.00 

10.00 
11.00 


IP.  M 


5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 


3.10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.  M 

3.00 

3.30 


P.  M. 


Havana 


No.  2  No.18  No.  4  No.  8  No.  6  No.lO 

A.  M.  A.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  A.  M. 


10.01    7.40 
11.58  10.  loi  58 


2.18 


4.40 
8.40 


6.45 
P.M. 


12.33 


3.38 
6.45 


6.40 
8.00 


10.30 
P.M. 


109 

179 
230 

180 
195 
I 
241 

276 

340 


Lv. .  Central  Station  .  .Ar. 


520 
...  538 


.  .  .Matanzaa. 
.  .  Cardenas . 


.Lv. 
,Lv. 


. . Sagua 

.  Caibarien 

. .  Santa  Clara.  . . 
,  Cienf uegos 


.SanctiSpiritus.  . 
.Ciegode  Avila.  . 
. .  .Camaguey.  .  . 


....  Antilla 

Santiago  de  Cuba 


Lv. 

Lv. 

Lv. 

Lv 
Lv 


7.36    9.13    2.06 


5.31  6 
12.45  5 
P.  M.  A. 

8.00  .. 

5.30  .. 
A.M., 
12.10|.. 


45  12 
00  9 
M. 


P.M. I 
8.25 


7.35  .. 

4.55  .. 
A.M. 
7.40 
6.55  . 


6.20 


6.39 


4.44 
1.05 


12.00 
8.20 


8.00 
A.M. 


55  . . , 
M. 
.20  ... 


30 

00  ... . 


9.05    6.20 


6.28 
4.25 


1.00 

ilO.OO 

P.  M. 
9.15 

8.48| 

6.15 

A.M. 


A.M.! 


P.M. 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

From  Havana  to  Berth 

Cienfuegos $3.00 

Santa  Clara 3.00 

Camaguey 3-50 

Antilla 5.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00 

ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 

THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 

U.  S.  Cy. 
Antilla $23.33 


Drawing- 

Compartment. 

Room. 

$10.00 

$8.00 

10.00 

10.00 

12.00 

14.00 

18.00 

14.00 

18.00 

Batabano 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Ciego  de  Avila. 

Cienfuegos 

Colon 

Guantanamo . . . 
Holguin 


1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines 

Madruga 

Manianillo 

Matanzas 

Placetas 

Remedios , 

Sagua 

San  Antonio 

Sancti  Spiritus. . . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Uama- 
guey,  Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 


(( 


WEEK-END"  TICKETS 


FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%.     ^^ 

SPECIAL  *^WEEK-END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

8endthrMoent«in8tamp»for"CuU— A  Winter  Paradiae."abeau-    IJnifpH     RailwaTS    of     HaVAna 
tiful  Illustrated  booklet  desoribing    interesting  trips    m  Cuba  to     V'lUlcu    ixauTrajo 

FRANK  ROBERTS,  General  PassenKar  Acent.  Prado,   118,   Havana,   Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET.  Cor.  Stone 

NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

■ANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Importacidn    directa    de    todas    los 
centros  manufactureros  del  mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
d«  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espana 
Independencia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS,  CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 

OF   EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

112      Wall      Street,      New     York 


Yardi 


Near   South  Street 
56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 


Telephones : 
Office.  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTINQ  ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND   MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
PiBKS,  BRiDass,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


Wt  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

OD   all   classes   of   contracting    work   in    Cuba. 

New  York  Office: 

WooLwoRTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Muiiro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers*  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,   Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,   New   York 
Telephone,  2492  South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 
Maritime    Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar   Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  po$ilion  to  puth  tht  lalt*  of 

American  high  elai$  produett.    Would 

r«pr«««n(  a  firtt  ela»i  firm 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 


M.  J.  CABANA 


CO  M  M  I  881  O  N 
MERCHANT 


P.  O.  Bos  3,  Camaguay 

Handles  all  linei  of  merohandise  either  on  •  oom- 
miasion  basis  or  under  agenoy  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  east- 
em  Cuba. 


F.  W.  HvoiUf 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  MiohalMB 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshipAgents&ShipBrokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

CahU:   "B«n—$e»" 


Pleate  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  wnting  to  Advertitera 


THE     CUBA     II  E  V  1  E  \\ 


4b 


K^- 


^ 


S.S.   MUNAMAR 


S.S.  "MrXAM\H" 
8.S.  "MrXAMAirV 


NEW  YORK-CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER   AND  FREIGHT 

XiirYarh-       AiiHUd          .\ u(ril'ts  Nuei'i'Ms     Xew  York 

Leive             Arrive             Arrive  Le'iv              Arrive 

Sept.    S         Sept.  12         Sept.  14  Sept.  16         Sept.  20 

Sept.  22         Sci)t.  2t)         Sept.  28  Sept.  30         Oct.      4 

FREIGHT   ONLY 


Regular  sailings  for  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagua,  Caibarien,    Pto. 
Padre,  Gibara,  ]\Ia?iati  and  Banes. 


MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER— Havana,  Sagua Sept.    7 

SS.  -'ORKILD"— Caibarien,  Santiago,  Ci?nui9go.s Sept.  1 1 

SS.  "TUSCAN"'— Havana.  Matanzas Sept.  14 

SS.  "MUXISLA"— Havana,  Cardenas Sept.  21 

A  STEAMER— Havana,  Matanzas Sept.  2S 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 


A  STEAMER . 


FREIGHT  ONLY 

.  .Sept.  20  for  Montevideo,   Buenos  Aires  and  Rosirio 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER September  13  and  27 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports  of 

fall  without  iircviou.-;  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Lillie     Multiple     Evaporators 


Model    of    1904=1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushild 
Kwaisha,  of  Tokio,  Japan, 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  Company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating     tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

-WILMINGTON,    DEL. 

S.    MORRIS    LILLIE,    Presideiit 


The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

SpedficaHons  Furnished  on  Application 


Representative   for   the   West    Indies 


W\LUCE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable  Addresses:    "BALDWIN,   PHILADELPHIA,"   "LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


PU^e  m4rUion  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertiaer* 


The 


1.00  A  Year  SEPTEMBER  191T 10  Cents  A  Copy 
Published  bythe  Munson  Steamship  Line  8Z-92  Beaver  Street,  NewYorkCity. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


LINK -BELT 

Elevators    and    Conveyors 

For   Bagasse,   Sugar,  etc. 

THROUGH    long    years    of    reliable    service,    Link-Belt 
Machinery  has  become   a   recognized   standard   for  the 
handling  of  sugar  cane,  bagasse,  etc.,  from  the   field   to 
the  finished  product. 

Our  engineers  are  specialists  in  designing  sugar  handling 
machinery.  Let  them  work  out  your  problems.  We  make 
no  charge  for  advice,  layouts  or  estimates. 

Link-Belt  Machinery  includes  :  Elevators  and  Conveyors 
for  every  service.  Juice  Strainers,  Bagasse  Carriers  and 
Feeders,  Field  Transfers  for  Sugar  Cane,  Car  Dumpers,  Roller 
Chains,  Link-Belt  Sprocket  Wheels,  Transmission  Machinery, 
etc.,  etc. 

Link-Belt  Company 

299   BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


JAMES  M.  MOTLEY 


71  BEAVER  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


Gerente  del  Departamento  de  Veritas  en  el  Extranjero  de 


THE  WEIR  FROG  COMPANY 
PENNSYLVANIA  BOILER  WORKS 
THE  JOHN  H.  McGOWAN  CO. 
THE  RAHN-LARMON  CO. 


CLEVELAND  PUNCH  AND  SHEAR  WORKS  CO. 
DUNCAN,  STEWART  &  CO.,  LTD. 
STANDARD  WATER  SYSTEMS  CO. 
STANDARD  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY  CO. 


Los  productos  de  estas  Fdbrioas  abaroan: 


Locomotoras  Livianas 

Gruas  sobre  Ruedas 

Garros:     Para  Gafia 
Para  Garga 
Para  Obras  de 
Gonatruocion 

Carriles  y  accesorios 

Via  Portdtil 

Ranas  y  Ghuchos 

Puentea  de  Acero 

Edificios  de  Acero 

Maquinas  de  Izar 

Aserraderos 

Galderas 

Mdquinas  d  Vapor 

Mdquinas  &  Petroleo 

MAquinas  d  Gasolina 

Bombas 

Tanques 

Tornos 

Prensas  para  Ruedas 


r 

m^ 

'"■'.'^^"'i 
P 

HkJRhP^^^^ 

%^ 

^m 

Mdquinas  para    Taladrar 

Metales 

Acepilladoras  para  Met- 
ales 

Punzones  y  Gizallas  para 
Metales 

Ejes,  Poleas  y  Accesorios 

Calentadores  de  Agua 
para  Galderas 

Alambiques  para  Agua 

Evaporadores'de  Serpen- 
tines 
Mdquinaria  Frigorifica 

Trapiches,  Dcsmrnuza- 
doras  y  toda  clase  de 
Mdquinaria  para  Inge- 
nios  de  Aziicar 


A  solicitud  se  remiten  catdlogos  y  presupuestos. 
Direcci6n  cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New  York  (Se  usan  todas  las  clavee. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


/^ARROQ    PARA  TODOS  usos  y  dc  todos  tamanos,  de  los  para  cana  con  cuatro    ruedas  y  capa 

^A*»>l»>V-IO   cidad  de   1  Yi   toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toneladas 

Hacemos    una    especialidad    de   juegos    de    herrajes,    tncluyendo    los    juegos 

de  ruedas,  cumplctamciUe  armadas,  con  todas  las  piecas  dc  inclal,   y  pianos 

completes    para    construir    los    cartas    d    su    destuto    de    vtac'tras    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cablf.  Address: 
Ramai  I\M 


HOLBROOK   TOWING    LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,   Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilers  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pressure 


Ph   nf,  H'l-.over 

787-788 


82  BEAVER  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A. 


Xight  Phone 
1105  Bay  Ridg" 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 


SUGARS 


RAW  ANQ 
REFINED 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 

82   WALL  STREET,   NEW   YORK 

Publishers  of  Daily  and   Weekly   Statistical    Sugar  Trade  Journal— the   recognized   authority  of  the  trad* 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET   ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensefia  uno  de  nuestros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cafla. 

Tenemos  ctros  tipos  de  capacidadea  varias  y  hemos  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carros  para  cafia  para 
U80  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  America-Central  y  Mexico,  que  tienen  jaules  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  con- 
etruidas  para  loa  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cafia. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.U.A. 

Direcci6n  telegrdfica:    NALLIM,  New  York.                      Produccidri  annual  de  mds  de   100,000  carroi. 
Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B  CINTAS.  Oficios  29-31.  Havana. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


FOR    MOLASSES    USE    STEEL    TANKS 

BUILT  BY 

HAMMOND    IRON   WORKS 

WARREN,  PA.,  U.S.A. 

Wo  furnish 

MATERIAL    FABRICATED 
OR  ERECTED  COMPLETE 

Tulsa   Office:    -      -      314   Kennedy   Building 

New   York  Office:   -  2728  Whitehall   Bldg. 

Agents  for  Cuba: 

WONHAM,   BATES  &  GOODE 

Havana,  Cuba 


Insist  upon 
Walker's   "LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
tallic "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"Lion"  BrassTrade  Mark  Labels  and  Seals  attached. 


SSJriidve'Sataiog  Jatties  Walkcr  &  Company,  Ltd, 

27   THAMES   STREET,   NEW   YORK   CITY 

,  Sole  Agent  for  Cuba 

JOSE    L.    VICLAAMIL 

Santa     Clara     29,     Havana,     Cuba 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  M 
S  15 


P  M 


P  M 
2  55 
4  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
P  M 


P  M 
2  15 
4  15 


P  M 


AM 

10  r 

12  15 


PM 


AM 
6  55 
8  33 
10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


AM 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 
AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .  Ar 

Ar Artemisa Lv 

Ar Paso  Real Lv 

Ar Herradura Lv. 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio Lv. 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 
3dcl 
$1.10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 


A  M 
7  49 
5  45 


AM 


AM 
11  09 
9  36 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 


AM 
11  47 
9  45 


AM 


P  MlP  M 
3  496  47 
1  454  45 


P  M 


6  38 
3  00 

P  M 


P  M 
7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
3  00 
1  30 
P  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  ct>.  I  Rancho  Boyeros 15  cts. 

Calabazar 10  "       |  Santiago  de  las  Vegas    ....     20   " 

Rincon 25  cts. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25% 


Please  Mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  uhen  Writing  to  Advertisers. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An   Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92   Beaver  Street,  New  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 


SUBSCRIPTION 

$1.00  Per  Year         -------10  Cents  Single  Copy 

Advertising  Rates  on  Application 


Vol.  XV                  SEPTEMBER,   1917                     No.  10 
Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — Macco  Street,  ('aniagufy. 

Frontispiece — Fort  El  Caney,  Santiago.  Page 

Australian  Pine,  illustrated,  by  C.  H.  Pearson 22,  23,  2-1 

("ul)an  Commercial  Matters: 

XJuban  i:^lectric  Power  Co IS 

Duty  on  Crude  Petroleum j'j 

Duty  on  J< ire  Apparatus \u 

Imports  and  Exports j  'j 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

(.'uban  Central  rtailroad 21 

rre vailing  frices  lor  CuDan  Securities 21 

Santiago  i^lectric  l.ight  &  traction  tJo 21 

Tratbc  Kcceipts  of  CuDan  Kailroads 20 

Cuban  Government  Matters: 

Active  VV  ar  Plans  ot  Cuba <j 

Uiego  de  .-ivila <j 

Uusionis  tteceipts 6 

Dr.  Luis  Azcarate,  portrait V 

German  Steamers 7 

ivlap  Stamps a 

•Niinister  to  Holland !«; 

New  Book 2.5 

New  Prison 21 

Jr'asspon  Kegulations 10 

Pinar  del  Kio  Kailroad 10 

Secretary  ol  Agriculture S 

Secretary  of  Government 10 

Secretary  of  Sanitation 10 

Spain 8 

Sugar  Control ;» 

Suspension  of  Cuban  Export  Duties ,S 

Havana  Correspondence 11 

Stock  Raising,  illustrated 12,  13,  14,  lo,  Iti,  17,  Ks 

Sugar  Industry: 

Chart,  Exports  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar  to  Europe 31 

Ctiart,  Price  of  Cuban  Raw  fSugar  at  .New  i  ork 30 

Dominican  Kepublic 33 

A  Glimpse  at  Sugar 32,  33 

Glycerine  from  Sugar 2.3 

Hawaiian  Sugar  .Mill 2.5 

Hongkong  Sugar 2'J 

Impurities  in  Raw  Sugar 2i) 

Invert  Sugar 27 

Price  of  CuDan  Sugar  at  New  York 27 

Russian  Sugar  Refining  Industry 34 

Sugar  Bags 2.5 

Sugar  Futures 27 

Sugar  in  Porto  Rico 33 

Sugar  t^roduction 28 

Sugar  Supply  of  the  United  Kingdom 28,  29 

Trinidad  Sugar  Cultivation 33 

Wasteful  Cane  Cultivation 27 

Sugar  Review,  English 34,  35 

Sugar  Review,  Spanish 35,  30 

Trade  Publications 2.5 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL   ABOUT  CUBA" 

Copyright,    1917,  by  the   Munson   Steamship  Line 


Volume   XV 


SEPTEMBER,   1917 


Number    10 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


Dr.   Luis  Azcarate, 
Recently  Appointed   Secretary  of  Justice. 

GERM.\N  STEAMERS 

On  August  21,  at  the  Presidential  Palace, 
in  the  presence  of  Gen.  Marti,  Secretary  of 
"War  and  Xav}',  and  WilUam  E.  Gonzales, 
United  States  .Minister  to  Cuba,  President 
Menocal  signed  a  decree  transferring  to  the 
United  States  Government  four  large  German 
steamships,   the  Bavaria,   Olivant,   Adelheid 


and  Constantia,  of  an  aggregate  tonnage  of 
approximately  20,000  tons,  which  were  seized 
as  })rizes  of  war  by  the  Cuban  Government 
on  the  day  this  coimtry  declared  war  against 
Germany. 

.Minister  Gonzales  is  quoted  as  stating: 
"President  Menocal  decUned  to  consider 
offers  to  purchase  or  lease,  whether  made  by 
Governments,  navigation  companies,  or  in- 
dividuals. He  regards  these  prizes  of  war, 
not  as  agencies  for  commercial  profits,  but  to 
be  used,  as  he  states  in  his  decree,  for  the 
common  benefit  in  aiding  to  bring  the  war 
against  the  Government  of  Germany  to  a 
prompt  and  victorious  end.  President 
.Menocal  would  not  sell  them,  but  he  has 
given  them  to  the  United  States.  It  is  just 
another  illustration  of  Cuba's  generous  spirit 
and  of  her  earnest  ijurjjose  to  co-operate  with 
her  allies  to  the  full  extent  of  her  power." 

Secretary  Lansing  has  instructed  the  Ameri- 
can Minister  at  Havana  to  express  to  Presi- 
dent .Menocal  the  sincere  appreciation  of  the 
United  States  Government  and  of  the  people 
of  the  United  States  of  "the  friendly  and  dis- 
interested action  of  the  Cuban  Government" 
in  transferring  to  this  country  the  steamships 
Bavaiid,  Olivant,  Adelheid,  and  Constnnlin,  to 
be  utiUzcd  in  the  successful  prosecution  of  the 
war  against  Germany. 


RED  CROSS 


Colonel  Miguel  Varona,  chief  of  the_ general 
staff  of  the  Cuban  army,  has  been  designated 
President  of  the  Cuban  Red  Cross. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


SPAIN 

The  Spanish  Ciovernment  has  appointed 
a  commission  to  collect  data  concerning  all 
official  attempts  made  in  the  past  to  cultivate 
tobacco  in  Spain,  and  has  requested  Spanish 
agriculturists  to  report  to  the  Ministry  of  the 
Treasury  full  details  concerning  such  land  as 
they  wish  to  devote  to  tobacco  growing. 
Information  is  sought  as  to  any  features  which 
landowners  believe  to  be  favorable  for  tobacco 
raising  in  their  particular  localities. 

As  soon  as  the  statistics  are  available,  the 
commission  will  determine  the  areas  to  be 
devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  tobacco  in  Spain, 
designating  as  well  certain  tracts  for  exper- 
iments. 

[Tobacco  at  present  is  a  monopoly  in 
Spain,  the  Government  receiving  a  fixed 
amount  from  a  private  concern  which  is 
given  control  of  the  trade]. — Consul  General 
Carl  Bailey  Hurst,  Barcelona. 


SUSPENSION  CF  CUBAN  EXFCRT  CLTIES 

The  American  Minister  at  Habana  has 
furnished  the  following  report,  dated  Aug- 
ust 21 : 

"I  was  yesterday  informed  by  President 
Menocal  that  a  decree  suspending  the  export 
tax  on  iron  ore  and  copper  had  been  issued  by 
him,  and  that  next  winter  when  Congress 
meets  these  taxes  will  be  repealed.  I  have 
heard  no  objection  to  the  standing  of  6  per 
cent,  tax  on  profits." 

[The  export  duties  referred  to  were  em- 
bodied in  a  provision  of  the  recent  law  au- 
thorizing a  Government  loan  of  .1f30,000,000. 


SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Er.  Fugenio  Sanchez  Agramonte  entered 
upon  his  duties  on  August  24th. 

The  ceremonies  of  installation  were  simple, 
being  attended  only  by  a  few  government 
officials  and  members  of  the  department. 


NEW    TELEPHONIC    CHIEF    IS    NAMED    FOR 
HAVANA. 

On  August  17,  president  Menocal  desig- 
nated Sr.  Linares  Buardeno  Chief  of  the 
Telegraphic  Service  of  Havana.  Chief 
Buardeno  had  served  as  a  subordinate 
offi.cial  of  the  department  for  several  years. 


CUSTOMS  RECEIPTS 

Detailed  statistics  of  customs  receipts  and 
expenditures  for  the  calendar  year,  1916,  re- 
cently compiled  and  analyzed  by  treasury  de- 
partment experts,  showed  a  marked  increase 
of  customs  income,  from  $36,646,545.38  in 
1915  to  $27,750,220.94  for  1916,  a  gain  of 
18,896,362.44,  or  not  far  from  a  third.  The 
Havana  customs  house  in  particular  sur- 
passed all  its  former  records. 

Next  to  Havana,  the  customs  houses  that 
led  were,  in  the  order  stated,  Santiago  de 
Cuba,  Cienfueges  and  Matanzas,  the  figures 
for  each,  for  1916,  being: 

Havana $26,745,271.36 

Santiago  de  Cuba 2,402,094.30 

Cienfuegos 1,719,341.78 

.Matanzas 1,021,826.44 

The  foregoing  cities  were  the  only  ones  with 
receipts  above  the  one-million-dollar  mark. 

The  statistics  compiled  by  the  government 
include,  in  customs  house  receipts,  besides 
tariff  duties,  such  miscellaneous  receipts  as 
are  taken  in  through  the  customs  house,  such 
as  fines,  etc.  Customs  house  administration 
and  other  expenses  were  $1,328,860.41  for 
1915,  and  $1,422,833.82  for  1916. 


CUBAN  INVENTOR 

The  first  official  tests  of  the  apparatus 
invented  by  Rafael  Arazoza,  a  Cuban  inventor, 
for  raising  sunken  objects  from  the  bottom 
of  the  sea,  was  held  off  Cojimar,  recently. 
A  bar  of  lead  weighing  92  pounds  was  lowered 
into  the  sea  and  raised  to  the  surface  by  the 
apparatus. 


MAP  STAMPS. 


The  new  issues  of  Cuban  stamps,  which  have 
been  in  circulation  for  some  time,  bearing, 
in  the  two-cent  denomination,  the  picture  of 
Maximo  Gomez,  will  be  the  only  authorized 
stamps  in  circulation  after  September  1st. 
The  stamps  of  the  earlier  issue,  which  have  a 
map  of  Cuba  on  their  face  will  no  longer  be 
good  for  postage. 

MINISTER  TO  HOLLAND 

Dr.  Kohly,  Cuban  IVIinister  to  Holland,  has 
tendered  his  resignation  to  the  State  Depart- 
ment. 


THE    CUB  A    R  K  \  I  E  \V 


CUBAN    GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


ACTIVE  WAR    PLANS  OF  CUBA 

AN'ith  rnitod  States  troops  shortly  to  begin 
a  course  of  winter  trainiiifr  in  Cuba,  and  with 
the  whole  ishviul  acclaitninfi;  President  Men- 
ocal's  generous  attitude  in  turning  over  to  the 
Federal  Shipping  Board  in  Washington,  all 
the  German  ships  which  Cuba  seized  last 
April,  the  eyes  of  the  western  world  are  being 
turned  more  and  more  toward  "the  pearl  of 
the  Antilles,"  and  to  the  work  that  Cuba  is 
doing  as  an  active  ally  of  the  United  States 
in  the  present  war.  Some  of  the  lesser  activ- 
ities of  the  Cuban  military  and  naval  forties 
have,  up  to  this  time,  escaped  notice,  although 
each  is  important  and  all  combined  give  a 
striking  illustration  of  the  loyalty  and  energy 
of  Cuba  in  her  active  aUiance  with  the  United 
States. 

Col.  .\Tanuel  Coronado,  member  of  the 
Cuban  Senate  and  editor  of  the  newspaper 
la  Discuiiint,  has  organized  an  aviation  unit 
which  will  be  offered  to  France,  with  complete 
equipment,  in  the  near  future.  It  is  probable 
from  the  enthusiasm  shown  by  its  ninety-odd 
members,  that  the  "Escadrille  Cubaine," 
as  the  flying  unit  will  be  called,  will  be  the 
first  body  of  fighting  men  from  Cuba  to  serve 
on  French  soil.  Col.  Coronado's  original 
plans  called  for  a  body  of  twenty-five  trained 
aviators  to  comprise  the  escadrille,  but 
already  nearly  100  youths,  who  are  repre- 
sentative of  the  best  families  of  Cuba,  have 
volimteered  to  take  the  prescribed  aviation 
course  and  individually  to  bear  the  expense 
of  their  airplanes  and  equipment.  Senator 
Coronado  has  just  returned  from  Mew  York, 
where  he  conferred  with  officials  of  the  Aero 
Club  of  America  and  airplane  manufacturers 
over  the  details  of  the  escadrille's  organization. 
Many  of  the  volunteers  for  the  escadrille  are 
graduates  of  French  universities. 

"I  believe  that  the  escadrille  will  be  the 
most  practical,  and  at  the  same  time,  the 
most  appropriate,  way  of  showing  Cuba's 
sympathy  with  the  cause  of  the  Alhes,"  said 
Col.  Coronado.  The  Colonel  has  asked  the 
Navy  Department  in  Washington  for  an 
arrangement  by  which  the  Cuban  aviators 
may  undergo  their  preliminary  training  at  the 
Navy  aviation  school  at  Pensacola,  Fla. 

While,  for  obvious  reasons,  the  details  of 
many  of  the  co-operative  war  measures  of 
Cuba  and  the  United  States  are   not   per- 


mis.sable  for  publicaticm,  substantial  pro- 
gress has  been  announced  officially  here  in 
the  co-ordinative  work  of  the  Cuban  and 
United  States  army  and  navy  general  staffs. 

Three  warrant  officc^rs  have  just  arrived  on 
the  United  States  gimboat  Tallapoosa  from 
the  Cruantanamo  Naval  Station  to  join  the 
other  Ignited  States  instructors  and  to  give 
courses  in  gunnery  technique  to  the  non- 
commissioned officers  of  the  Cuban  Navy. 
Special  attention  is  to  be  devoted  to  target 
practice.  The  crew  of  the  cruiser  Cuba,  larg- 
est vessel  of  the  island  navy,  will  be  the  first 
to  receive  instruction.  The  ordnance  of  the 
Cuba  was  recently  replaced  with  United 
States  guns  in  an  American  port. 

Conferences  have  just  been  concluded 
between  Captain  Anderson,  commanding 
the  American  naval  forces  in  Cuban  waters; 
Gen.  Edmund  Wittenmyer,  mihtary  attache 
assigned  to  the  American  legation  here,  who 
went  to  New  York  as  an  aide  to  General  Bell ; 
Commander  Carlton  R.  Kear,  instructor 
at  the  Cuban  Naval  Academy,  representing 
the  United  States;  and  President  .Menocal, 
Secretary  of  War  and  .Marine,  Jose  .Marti,  and 
Chief  of  Staff,  Oscar  Fernandez  Quevado, 
of  the  Cuba  Navy.  The  effect  of  these 
interchanges  has  been  to  complete  all  military 
and  naval  arrangements  between  the  two 
countries  for  their  action  this  winter. 

Cuban  military  commissioners  have  jast  an- 
nounced the  promotions  of  288  officers  in 
the  Cuban  army,  in  keeping  with  the  enlarge- 
ment of  the  island's  active  mihtary  force 
for  possible  duty  later  in  Europe. 


SUGAR  CONTROL. 

George  .M.  Rolph,  general  manager  of  the 
Calif ornia-Haw^aiian  Sugar  Refining  Com- 
pany, has  been  appointed  by  Food  Adminis- 
trator Herbert  C.  Hoover,  as  executive  head 
of  the  Government  bureau  that  will  control 
the  distribution  and  fix  the  price  of  sugar. 


CIEGO  DE  AVILA 

It  is  reported  that  the  sum  of  .$70,009  has 
been  appropriated  by  the  Cuban  Congress 
for  the  purpose  of  constructing  a  new  modern 
hospital  at  Ciego  de  Avila.  It  is  expected 
that  ground  will  be  broken  for  the  building 
in  the  near  future. 


10 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


PASSPORT  REGULATIONS. 

Considerable  concern  is  being  shown  by  the 
commercial   and  financial  interests  of  Cuba 
over  the  present  stringent  passport  regulations 
now  in  effect  between  the  United  States  and 
Cuba.    Cuba  at  present,  in  so  far  as  the  State 
Eepartment  in  Washington  is  concerned,  is 
in  the  same  status  as  any  European  country 
in    the    matter    of    passport    requirements. 
"While  these  regulations  to  date  have  caused 
only  the  usual  amount  of  delay  to  travellers 
between  the  United  States  and  Cuba,  and 
have  not  constituted  any  serious  annoyance 
to  those  who  come  under  their  regulations, 
nevertheless  it  is  reahzed  in  Cuba  that  when 
the  tourist  season  begins,  two  months  hence, 
either  the  regulations  must  be  modified,  or 
Cuba  will  suiTer  during  the  coming  winter  a 
considerable  and  serious  financial  loss.     In- 
formal   representations    have    already    been 
made  to  the  State  Department  in  \A'ashington 
looking  toward  the  abridgment  or  the  aboli- 
tion altogether  of  the  present  passport  require- 
ments.    It  is  understood  also  that  the  State 
Eepartment  of  Cuba  will  shortly  present  a 
communication  to  Washington  on  the  subject. 
What  the  conservative  element  among  the 
objectors  beheves  is  a  kind  of  discrimination, 
is  seen  in  the  fact  that  no  passports  whatever 
are  required  in  Canada,  while  the  travellers 
from  the  United  States  to  Cuba  are  required 
to  provide  themselves  with  proof  of  United 
States  birth  or  wuth  naturaUzation  papers; 
with    letters    from    employers    or  associates 
certifying  that  they  are  going  to  Cuba  on 
necessary    commercial   business;    with   three 
photographs  of  the  applicant,  one  of  which 
must  be  signed,   and  the  certification  of  a 
responsible  business  man  of  the  community 
in  which  he  makes  apphcation,   who  must 
accompany  the  applicant  and  swear  corrobor- 
ation to  his  assertions. 

\\  hile  only  two  or  three  days  are  required 
to  complete  the  formalities,  it  is  realized  that 
under  present  travelling  conditions,  with 
Cuba  ofiering  more  natural  winter  attractions 
to  the  United  States  tourist  than  any  other 
country  in  the  world  at  the  present  time,  the 
influx  of  sight-seers  and  prospective  investors 
in  Cuba  dxiring  the  coming  winter  will  be 
larger  than  ever  before.  At  H!avana  alone, 
during  the  past  winter,  thousands  of  tourists 
from  the  Enited  States  arrived  despite  the 


slight  disturbance  caused  by  the  recent 
uprising.  What  the  result  wUl  be  in  the 
1917-1918  season  with  tranquility  existing 
and  the  great  material  development  of  the 
country  during  the  past  year,  can  readily  be 
imagined. 

One  circumstance,  which  may  or  may  not 
be  a  factor  in  the  present  muddle,  is  the 
belief  in  Washington  that  Cuba  is  more  or 
less  of  a  rendezvous  for  pro-German  sympa- 
thizers and  possible  German  espionage.  Since 
the  suspension  of  constitutional  guarantees 
by  President  Menocal,  which  action  was 
taken  by  the  authority  of  the  Cuban  Congress, 
the  President  has  taken  into  his  own  hands 
the  extermination  of  any  such  activities  in 
Cuba,  and  it  is  understood  that  the  admin- 
istration here  is  now  in  a  position  to  assure 
the  United  States  Government  that  Cuba 
is  as  impossible  a  base  for  German  spy  activ- 
ities as  is  Canada. 

It  is  believed  entirely  probable  that  these 
requirements  will  be  greatly  modified  or 
eUminated  altogether  within  a  sufficient  time 
before  the  tourist  season  begins. 


SECRETARY  OF  GOVERNMENT 
Dr.   Juan   ?vIontalvo,  the  new  Secretary  of 
Government,  assumed  the  duty  of  his  cffice 
August  9th. 


SECRETARY  OF  SANITATION 
Secretary    Mendez    Capote,    recently    ap- 
pointed head  of  the  Department  of  Sanitation 
by  President  Menocal,  took  possession  of  the 
department  on  August  16. 

The  ceremonies  of  the  installation  were 
witnessed  by  many  distinguished  persons. 

The  appointment  of  Dr.  Mendez  Capote 
has  created  a  universally  favorable  impres- 
sion throughout  the  island,  it  being  considered 
one  of  the  strongest  cabinet  appointments 
that  the  president  has  made. 


PINAR  DEL  RIO  RAILROAD 

The  Cuban  Senate  has  passed  a  bill  pro- 
viding for  the  establishment  of  a  railroad 
between  Bahia  Honda  and  Guane,  in  Pinar 
del  Rio,  and  granting  an  appropriation  of 
$3,600,000  for  the  purpose.  The  appropria- 
tion is  at  the  rate  of  $12,000  a  kilometre. 
The  House  is  expected  to  pass  the  bill  without 
opposition. 


THE    CUB  A    R  E  V  I  K  W  11 


HAVANA  CORRESPONDENCE 


Three  of  the  four  (icrinaii  sliips  interned  in  this  port,  namely  the  Hav  iri'i,  Olivuit  and 
Adelheid,  have  been  given  by  the  Cuban  CJovcrnment  to  the  United  States  Government  and 
are  being  manned  with  Government  crews  to  take  the  ships  to  the  United  States.  'I" he  remain- 
ing steamer,  the  Kydonin,  has  been  put  under  the  Cuban  flag  and  we  understand  will  l)e  used 
as  a  transport. 

The  new  war  .staiiij)  tax  law  went  into  effect  on  Sept.  1st  throui^hout  the  island,  ('on- 
siderable  opposition  was  brought  to  bear  by  various  interests  against  some  provisions  of  the  .law, 
with  the  result  that  the  stamp  on  checks  was  abolished.  The  law  is  not  altogether  clear  and 
difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  the  application  of  the  same. 

There  is  nothing  new  to  report  regarding  the  oil  well  industry.  Xo  new  wells  are  being 
sunk  and  work  continues,  although  slowly,  on  the  old  wells. 

The  Cuban  sugar  producers  are  somewhat  at  sea  at  present  on  account  of  the  question 
of  price  fixing  by  the  United  States  Government.  Some  appear  to  think  the  price  now  quoted 
of  7.25c.  per  pound,  which  is  that  fixed  for  American  beet  sugar,  would  prove  remunerative 
to  the  Cuban  planter,  claiming  that  this  price  would  mean  about  4.59c.  f.  o.  b.  Cuban  ports, 
and  point  out  that  the  average  price  in  Cuba  for  the  past  two  years  has  been  4.53c.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  question  of  labor  in  the  cane  fields  may  prove  this  coming  crop  to  be  a  more 
serious  one  than  ever  before  on  account  of  the  shortage  of  hands,  and  high  wages  will  have  to 
be  paid  to  secure  same.  Heretofore,  the  principal  laborers  have  been  Spaniards  who  came  to 
Cuba  to  work  during  the  grinding  season  and  then  returned  home,  but  the  Spanish  Government 
has  now  prohibited  emigration  of  her  citizens  subject  to  miUtary  service,  and  this  will  naturally 
considerably  reduce  this  source  of  supply.  One  proposition  under  consideration  is  to  permit 
the  importation  of  Chinese  laborers  under  certain  restrictions  to  be  decided  upon. 

A  new  Cuban  coastwise  shipping  company  has  recently  been  organized  called  the  "Compania 
Nacional  de  Navegacion,"  of  which  General  Rafael  Fernandez  de  Castro  is  the  president.  At 
the  present  they  are  operating  only  the  steamer  Winona,  but  expect  shortly  to  place  others 
in  the  service. 

A  new  company  called  United  States  and  Cuban  Allied  Works  and  Engineering  Co., 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  is  being  organized  in  Havana.  Capital, 
$2,000,000  preferred  and  $3,000,000  common  stock.  Organized  for  the  purpose  of  "operating 
dry  docks,  ship  building  plant,  sugar  mills,  and  various  other  enterprises." 

Officers  will  be:  President,  Frank  Steinhart,  President  and  General  Manager  of  the  Hav- 
ana Electric  Railway,  Light  and  Power  Co. ;  Vice-President  (not  yet  decided  upon) ;  Treasurer, 
Armando  Godoy,  Vice-President  of  the  Banco  Espanol  de  la  Isla  de  Cuba;  Secretary,  Claudio 
Mendoza,  capitalist. 

Board  of  Directors  will  be:  Messrs.  Steinhart  and  Godoy  mentioned  above,  Antonia  San 
Miguel,  owner  of  newspaper  i  a  Luch^;  H.  Upmann,  President  of  the  Bank  of  H.  Upmann 
&  Co.;  Emeterio  Zorilla,  Assistant  to  President,  Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.; 
Adolfo  B.  Horn,  President,  Krajewski-Pesant  Corporation;  Jose  Marimon,  President  of  the 
Banco  Espanol  de  la  Isla  de  Cuba;  Julian  Alonso,  General  Manager  of  the  Empresa 
Naviera  de  Cuba,  and  Dionisio  Velasco,  capitalist  and  large  real  estate  owner. 

The  new  company  will  take  over  the  plant  of  Krajewski-Pesant  Corporation,  consisting  of 
foundry,  machine  shops  and  dry  docks,  and  also  some  adjoining  property.  They  will  lengthen 
the  present  Krajewski-Pesant  dry  dock  to  handle  ships  as  large  as  the  \\'ard  Line  steamers 
Saratoga  and  Havana,  and  also  make  other  additions  to  the  dry  dock. 

They  plan  to  put  up  their  shipbuilding  plant  and  get  same  in  operation  in  the  shortest 
possible  time. 

They  also  expect  to  take  over  and  operate  other  interests  located  on  the  Havana  water 
front,  details  regarding  which  are  not  yet  available. 


DELAWARE  CHARTER  $3,500,000,  W.  F.  O'Keefe,  G.  G.  Steigler, 

Cuban    Products    Corp.    construct,    lease,      E.  E.  Wright,  local  Wilmington,  Del.,  incor- 
maintain  and  operate  lines  for  railroads,  &c.,      porators. 


12 


THE     CUBA    REVIEW 


STOCK  RAISING 


Essential  conditions  to  success  in  stock  raising,  in  any  country,  are  nutritious  grasses, 
good  drinking  water,  a  climate  devoid  of  extremes  in  temperature,  with  a  steady  market  at 
least  fairly  accessible.     These  the  Republic  of  Cuba  commands  in  abundance. 

There  still  remain  hundreds  of  thousands  of  acres  of  well  watered,  well  drained  lands, 
that  possess  all  of  the  above  mentioned  conditions.  Much  of  the  territory  formerly  devoted 
to  grazing,  has  been  recently  planted  in  sugar  cane,  owing  to  the  high  price  of  sugar  that  fol- 
lowed the  war  in  Europe.  In  spite  of  this,  however,  there  are  still  large  tracts  in  each  of  the 
six  Provinces  of  the  Island,  that  are  not  only  available  for  stock  raising  but  would,  if  sown 
with  our  best  grasses  and  forage  plants,  produce,  under  proper  management,  returns  per 
acre  quite  as  satisfactory  as  those  derived  from  sugar  cane. 

Two  grasses,  excellent  for  either  milk  or  fattening  purposes,  were  imported  into  this 
country  many  years  ago.  The  Parana,  brought  from  the  Argentine  is  best  suited  to  our 
lower  and  comparatively  level  lands.  Guinea  grass,  brought  from  the  west  coast  of  Africa, 
is  excellently  adapted  to  the  mountain  sides  and  does  well  even  on  the  crests  of  the  latter, 
up  to  an  altitude  of  two  thousand  feet. 

One  hundred  acres  in  either  one  of  these  grasses,  under  favorable  conditions,  will  keep 
from  50  to  70  head  of  cattle  in  good  condition  throughout  the  year.  We  have  several  varieties 
of  native  grass  that  spring  up  in  the  valleys,  or  wherever  the  undergrowth  is  removed  from 
forest  lands,  but  they  are  greatly  inferior  to  either  Parana,  Guinea  or  Bermuda. 

There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  alfalfa  will  prove  as  well  adapted  to  Cuba  as  it  is 
to  some  parts  of  the  United  States,  although  up  to  the  present  time,  but  few  experiments 
have  been  made  with  it.  On  President  Menocal's  farm,  some  eight  miles  from  Havana, 
may  be  seen  a  splendid  stand  of  this  grass,  from  which  several  crops  have  been  cut  during 
the  past  year.  Inocculation  of  the  soil  with  alfalfa  bacteria  seems  to  be  the  only  thing  re- 
quired to  make  this  excellent  forage  plant  thrive  in  Cuba.  Our  experimental  station  at 
Santiago  de  las  Vegas  has  succeeded,  also,  in  introducing  several  new  grasses  on  the  heavy 
clay  soils  of  that  neighborhood  that  give  every  promise  of  success. 


Dairy  Farm,  INIatanzas. 


T  HE     C  (I  B  A     R  V  \    I  I'.  W 


13 


In  all  stock  raising  propositions,  plenty  of  fresh  water  is  absolutely  essential.  Rivers 
or  running  streams  are  most  desirable  acquisitions  to  any  stock  ranch.  Wherever  there  are 
no  streams  water  can  usually  be  found  by  sinking  wells  to  a  depth  varying  from  20  to  200  feet. 
In  the  foot  hills  and  mountainous  districts,  never  failing  springs  are  met  in  abundance. 

The  Province  of  Camaguey  has  always  been  noted  for  its  fine  "potreros"  or  meadows 
since  a  large  part  of  that  middle  belt  is  comparatively  free  from  forests  and  is  devoted  to  stock 
raising.  Oriente  on  the  east,  and  Las  V'illas  on  the  west,  abound  in  splendid  grass  lands, 
although  the  recent  demand  for  sugar  cane  has  somewhat  reduced  the  acreage. 


Pastoral  Scene,  Santiago  de  las  Vegas 


14 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


A  Cuban  Range. 


In  both  Havana  and  Matanzas  Provinces,  good  lands  command  a  price  that  renders 
them  rather  prohibitive  for  stock  raising  purposes.  But  in  Pinar  del  Rio  there  are  still  ex- 
tensive tracts,  both  in  the  level  sections  and  in  the  foot  hills,  which  furnish  ideal  grazing  lands, 
and  if  not  absorbed  in  the  near  future  by  the  cane  planters,  this  western  province  will  become 
eventually  one  of  the  most  successful  stock  raising  districts  in  the  Republic.  These  lands 
can  be  secured  at  the  present  tune,  in  large  tracts,  at  prices  varying  from  $20  to  $40  per  acre, 
but  if  properly  administered  will  easily  yield  an  annual  net  return  of  from  20%  to  40%  on 
the  investment. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  Independence  in  1905,  over  three  million  head  of  native 
cattle  were  registered  in  the  Island.  The  four  years  continual  struggle  between  Spain  and  the 
people  of  Cuba,  however,  almost  completely  exterminated  them.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
First  Intervention  cattle  were  rushed  into  Cuba  from  all  nearby  countries,  including  Texas, 
Florida,  Venezuela  and  Mexico.  During  the  past  few  years,  however,  quite  a  number  of 
high  grade  animals  have  been  introduced  for  breeding  purposes  and  are  rapidly  improving 
the  present  herds.  Approximately  4,000,000  head  of  cattle  are  today  registered  in  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture. 

Cuba  is  quite  as  well  adapted  for  raising  horses  and  mules  successfully,  as  any  part  of 
the  Iliited  States.  This  is  owing,  not  only  to  the  abundance  of  food  found  throughout  the 
year,  but  to  the  fact  that  we  have  neither  sleet  snow,  or  cold,  wet  rains  that  sometimes  chill 
and  retard  the  growth  of  young  colts. 

During  the  first  Government  of  Intervention,  a  large  number  of  American  horses  were 
brought  to  Cuba  by  the  Army  of  Occupation,  but  in  spite  of  the  abrupt  change  of  climate 
and  conditions,  American  cavalry  officers  stated  that  never  before  had  they  found  a  place 
where  their  mounts  seemed  to  thrive  so  well,  and  to  remain  so  free  from  disease.  The  native 
Cuban  horses  are  of  Arabian  stock,  introduced  here  by  the  first  Spanish  conquerors  who 
brought  them  from  the  Old  World.  They  are  hardy,  gentle,  easily  kept,  and  of  marvelous 
endurance,  especially  those  bred  in  the  mountainous  districts.     When  crossed  with  good 


THE    CUBA     R  E  V  I  E  W 


15 


Heiffers,    Cuban-boiri  Yearlings. 


m 


Cuban    Pigs. 


16 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Kentucky,  Missouri  or  Montana  stallions,  they  produce  really  excellent  service  animals, 
especially  for  the  saddle.  About  three  quarters  of  a  million  are  registered  in  the  Department 
of    Agriculture. 

The  breeding  of  mules  too,  for  which  there  is  always  a  demand  in  Cuba,  will  undoubtedly 
prove  a  very  profitable  enterprise  in  the  near  future.  With  the  investment  of  the  necessary 
capital,  assisted  by  intelligent  management,  not  only  can  Cuba  furnish  the  local  market  for 
beef  cattle,  horses  and  mules,  but  with  her  many  advantages  for  successful  stock  raising, 
there  is  no  reaspjiwhy  she  shpul4npt  supply  a  large  quota  to  Jamaica,  Bahama  and  adjacent 
islands,  and  perhaps  to  the  United  States. 

Cuba,  at  the  present  time,  is  importing  approximately  ten  million  dollars  worth 
of  pork  and  pork  i  roducts  annually,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  this  Island, 
owing  to  exceptional  conditions  for  raising  hogs  economically,  should  not  only  ^upply 
the  lo-al  demand,  but  can  and  will,  ultimately  ex-port  pork  products  to  all  of  the  nearby 
countries  bordering  on  the  Caribbean  Sea  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 


A    Cuban    Bui 


The  royal  palm,  \\hich  covers  many  of  the  hillsides  and  slopes  of  our  long  mountain  chains, 
running  parallel  with  the  coast,  produces  a  small  nut  called  "palmiche"'  that  furnishes  a  never 
failing  food  which  helps  the  stock-grower  in  raising  hogs. 

I .  The  "palmiche,"  picked  up  by  the  animals  at  the  base  of  the  palms,  if  in  sufficient  quan- 
tity will  keep  these  animals  in  fairly  good  condition  throughout  the  year.  Shoats,  intended 
for  market,  as  soon  as  weaned,  should  be  turned  into  a  field  planted  with  sugar  cane,  sweet 
potatoes,  peanuts,  yuca,  corn,  cow  peas,  "calabaza"  or  any  of  those  food  crops  of  which  hogs 
are  fond  and  that  produce  flesh  rapidly. 

The  population  of  the  Republic  is  two  and  a  half  millions,  increasmg  at  the  rate  of  about 
seventy-five  thousand  per  year.  The  demand  for  fresh  pork  in  Havana  is  constant  at  from 
8M  cents  to  9  cents  per  pound,  gold,  on  the  hoof.  Hams,  at  wholesale,  sell  at  26  cents  per 
pound,  and  other  pork  products  in  proportion. 

Hogs  breed  twice  a  year  in  Cuba,  and  our  climate,  free  from  extreme  of  heat  or  cold, 
enables  probably  a  larger  percentage  of  the  young  to  be  brought  to  maturity,  with  less  care 


THE    CUB  A    R  E'.V  I  EjW 


17 


Goats.    Baracoa. 


and  less  risk,  than  in  any  section  of  the  United  States.  Science,  today,  has  rendered  it  poss- 
ible to  eliminate  the  danger  from  contagious  diseases  to  pork,  hence  it  is  that  the  raising 
of  small  stock,  especially  hogs,  under  the  supervision  of  intelligent  management,  will  prove 
to  be  one  of  the  most  remunerative  industries  of  this  Republic. 

Palmiche-fed  pork  is  considered  a  greater  delicacy  than  turkey  or  chicken.  The  native 
or  domestic  hog  of  the  Island  is,  as  might  be  expected,  a  common  or  scrub  product,  that, 
while  healthy  and  prohfic,  puts  on  flesh  slowly,  and  is  fitted  only  for  fresh  pork.  This  pork, 
however,  with  its  nutty  flavor  of  the  "palmiche,"  is  excellent  eating,  and  when  cooked,  retails 
during  the  holidays  at  from  50  cents  to  75  cents  per  pound. 

SHEEP.. 

Owing  to  our  genial  climate,  sheep,  lacking  the  necessity  for  wool  with  which  to  retain 
warmth,  very  naturally  lose  it  within  a  comparatively  few  years.  Mutton,  however,  always 
commands  a  good  price  in  the  local  markets,  hence  it  is  that  the  raising  of  sheep  for  food, 
especially  by  those  small  farmers  who  are  close  to  large  markets,  will  always  yield  a  satis- 
factory return. 

Up  to  the  present  time,  discrimination  has  been  used  in  introducing  those  breeds  of 
sheep  that  are  best  suited  for  the  production  of  mutton.  That  which  we  have  is  usually  tender, 
and  of  excellent  flavor,  and  if  our  small  farmers  would  take  the  trouble  to  import  good  rams 
from  desirable  breeds  in  the  United  States,  the  raising  of  mutton,  even  if  as  a  side  issue,  would 
add  greatly  to  the  revenue  of  farms  located  near  large  consuming  centers. 

GOATS. 

The  Republic  of  Mexico  for  many  years  has  derived  a  very  large  revenue  from  the  sale 
of  goat  skins,  most  of  which  were  purchased  by  the  New  England  shoe  factories,  while  the 
by-products  in  the  form  of  salted  and  sun  dried  meat,  fat  and  other  materials,  always  command 
a  market.     Recent  wars  of  devastation  have  practically  annihilated  all  of  the  great  herds 


18 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


of  goats  in  Mexico.  During  the  past  three  or  four  years  they  have  been  furnishing  food  to 
the  roving  bands  of  different  contestants  in  that  unfortunate  country. 

If  men  interested  in  the  industry  would  take  pains  to  look  into  this  matter,  the  advantages 
which  Cuba  offers  would  be  manifest.  The  hills  and  mountain  sides  of  this  Republic  are 
clothed  to  their  summits  with  underbrush,  whose  tender  shoots  furnish  excellent  food  for 
animals  that  browse,  and  yet  the  raising  of  goats  has  never  been  considered  here  commercially. 

Under  the  management  of  men  who  are  familiar  with  the  raising  of  goats  for  their  hides, 
and  above  mentioned  by-products,  there  is  no  reason  why  this  industry  should  not  assume 
importance  in  Cuba,  especially  since  these  animals  are  invaluable  for  cleaning  out  under- 
growth,  economically   and  effectively. 


Cuban    Cattle 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


CUBAN  ELECTRIC-POWER    CO. 

All  the  interests  of  the  Cienfuegos  Electric 
&  Power  Co.  have  been  taken  over  by  the 
Cienfuegos,  Palmira  &  Cruces  Electric  Rail- 
way &  Power  Co.  The  purchasing  company 
(until  about  a  year  and  a  half  ago  practically 
the  property  of  an  American)  was  organized 
under  a  charter  of  the  State  of  .Maine  and  is 
now  said  to  be  owned  and  controlled  by 
H.  Upmann  &  Co.,  Habana,  Dr.  Julio  de  la 
Torre,  acting  for  Dr.  Orestes  Ferrara,  also  of 
Habana,  and  Cardona  &  Co.,  of  Cienfuegos. 
The  Cienfuegos  Electric  &  Power  Co.  was 
reorganized  by  local  Spanish  capitalists  about 


five  years  ago,  secured  the  street  lighting  con- 
tract, and  has  been  making  preparations  for 
supplying  electric  current  throughout  the  day 
as  well  as  night,  but  to  date  this  new  service 
has  not  been  started.  No  further  details  are 
obtainable  at  present. 

It  has  also  been  learned  that  a  contract  has 
been  signed  by  the  above-mentioned  railway 
company  with  the  Carlota  mine,  Cumana- 
jagua,  transportation  of  product  being  the 
object.  This  contract  will  necessitate  imme- 
diate inauguration  of  construction  of  the  pro- 
spective branch  between  Caonao  and  .Mani- 
caragua,  with  switches  to  the  mine. — Vice- 
Consul  George  B.  Starbuck,  Cienfuegos. 


T  H  E    CUB  A    R  E  \'  1  K  W 


19 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


REDUCTION    IN    DUTY    ON    CRUDE    PETRO- 
LEUM AND  RESIDUES. 

A  law  of  July  14,  1917,  reduces  the  customs 
duty  on  crude  petroleum  and  i)etroleum  rcsi- 
sidues  imported  into  Cuba  to  0.1  cent  per 
gallon.  This  special  rate,  however,  is 
applied  only  to  crude  oil  and  residues 
for  use  as  fuel  or  in  concentrating  or 
other  mining  operations  and  to  that  im- 
ported by  public  authorities  for  sanitary 
purposes  or  for  use  on  the  streets.  All  other 
petroleum  products  are  subject  to  the  regular 
duty  which,  in  the  case  of  fuel  oil  imported 
from  the  United  States,  is  $0.56  per  100  kilos. 
Furthermore,  there  is  a  provision  that  the 
regular  duties  shall  again  be  imposed  on  these 
products  whenever  the  domestic  production 
is  sufficient  to  supply  two-thirds  of  the  de- 
mand for  the  purposes  indicated  above. 


of  June  22,  1917.  A  similar  exemption  is 
granted  for  pieces  of  marble,  brass,  and  other 
materials  for  ase  in  erecting  public  monu- 
ments. Heretofore  special  exemptions  have 
been  granted  from  time;  to  time  for  th(!  ira- 
portati(m  of  fire  extinguishing  equipment  for 
public  use,  but  there  was  no  general  exemp- 
tion. 


NEW  YORK  CHARTER 

Cuban  Medal  Film  Co.,  Inc.,  Manhattan, 
motion-picture  business,  S.50,000;  W.  L.  Dau- 
enhauer,  F.  H.  Knocke,  M.  Zeno,  1476  Broad- 
way. 


FREE  ADMISSION  OF  CERTAIN  FIRE 
APPARATUS 

The  privilege  of  importing  pumps,  hose, 
and  other  fire  extinguishing  apparatus  and 
supplies  free  of  duty  is  granted  to  the  prov- 
inces and  municipalities  of  Cuba  by  the  law 


DELAWARE  CHARTERS 

Havana  Docks  Corp.,  to  acquire  and  carry 
on  a  general  building  of  wharves,  docks,  &c., 
$5,000,000;  C.  L.  Rimlinger,  .M.  M.  Clancy, 
C.  M.  Egner,  local  Wilmington,  Del.,  incor- 
porators. 

Cuban  Products  Corp.,  coastruct,  lease, 
maintain  and  operate  lines  for  railroads,  &c., 
$2,500,000,  VV.  F.  O'Keefe,  G.  G.  Steigler, 
E.  E.  Wright,  local  Wilmington,  Del.,  incor- 
porators. 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 

The  total  value  of  merchandise  imported  from  and  exported  to  Cuba  during  the  months 
of  February,  .March,  April,  May  and  June,  1917,  compared  with  the  corresponding  periods 
of  the  preceding  year  have  been  made  public  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com- 
merce as  follows: 

Month  of  February  8  mos.  ended  February 

1917  1916  1917  1916 

Imports  from  Cuba $23,333,684        $20,881,464  $130,156,406  $111,759,489 

Exports  to  Cuba 13,897,031  10,654,942  124,085,827  78,145,954 

Month  of  March  9  months  ended  March 

1917  1916  1917  1916 

Imports  from  Cuba $33,137,108        $25,884,793  $163,293,514  $137,644,282 

Exports  to  Cuba 11,644,632  12,026,138  135,773,389  90,172,092 

Month  of  April  10  months  ended  April 

1917  1916  1917  1916 

Imports  from  Cuba $30,454,942        $27,477,120  $193,748,456  $165,121,402 

Exports  to  Cuba 12,058,183  2,321,491  147,831,572  102,493,583 

Month  of  May  11  months  ended  May 

1917  1916  1917  1916 

Imports  from  Cuba $33,537,512        $30,478,087  $227,285,968  $195,599,489 

Exports  to  Cuba 14,175,303  12,743,007  162,006,875  115,236,590 

Month  of  June  12  months  ended  June 

1917  1916  1917  1916 

Imports  from  Cuba $23,109,442        $33,378,078  $253,395,410  $228,977,567 

Exports  to  Cuba 16,876,373  11,981,988  178,883,248  127,198,578 


20  THECUB  A    REVIEW 


CUBAN   FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

The  report  of  the  Cuba  Raih-oad  for  the  month  of  July,  and  for  one  month  ended  July  31, 
1917,  compares  as  follows: 

1917  1916  1915  1914             1913  1912 

July  gross                                $743,774  $571,491  $420,089  $382,543      $324,186  $334,393 

Exijenses 514,756  313,186  210,008  220,961        188,673  185,782 

July  net $229,018  $258,304  $210,081  $161,582     $135,513  $148,610 

Other  income 1,137  817          

Net  income 230,155  259,121  210,081  .  .  . 

Charges 94,124  87,348  72,269  70,375         66,791  66,375 

July  surplus $136,030  $171,773  $137,812  $91,207        $68,721  $82,235 

One  month's  gross 743,774  571,491  420,089  382,543        324,186  334,393 

Net  profits 229,018  258,304  210,081  161,582        135,513  148,610 

Other  income 1,137  817          ......          

Fixed  charges 94,124  87,348  72,269  70,375         66,791  66,375 

Surplus $136,030  $171,773  $137,812  $91,207       $68,721  $82,235 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  receipts:                       1917             1916  1915             1914             1913  1912 

Week  ending  July  21st .  .       £35,194       £29,800  £24,372       £18,929       £20,528  £19,431 

Week  ending  July  28th..          35,134         29,025  24,216          18,897         20,438  19,197 

Week  ending  Aug.  4th. .  .           34,578          28,831  24,954          20,261          21,003  20,984 

Week  ending  Aug.  nth..          38,862         28,565  22,992          19,131          20,738  19,455 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

Weeklii  receipts:                                             1917  1916  1915             1914  1913 

Week  ending  July  28th £6,426  £6,238  £5,436         £6,469  £6,002 

W^eek  ending  Aug.    4th 6,802  5,758  5,274            6,202  6,303 

Week  ending  Aug.  1 1th 7,293  6,298  4,936           5,424  5,929 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAYS 

Weekly  receipts:                                             1907  1916  1915             1914  1913 

Week  ending  July  21st £12,639  £10,090  £8,634         £6,940  £6,913 

Week  ending  July  28th 12,738  9,182  6,679           6,770  6,145 

Week  ending  Aug.  4th 12,546  9,440  6,632           6,745  6,848 

Week  ending  Aug.  11th 12,618  8,835  7,006           6,353  6,642 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  of  July  1917  1916  1915 

Grosf earnings        "                               $575,442  $492,520  $448,505 

§^?:Si  expenses:  !  : :  .;.•.■.•.•.•.• 25^218  192,999  184,328 

Net  earmngs 324  224  299  521  284,1^7 

Miscellaneous  mcome iO,Dzo  ia,y-±o  __ 

Total  net  income  $339,749  $313,466  $275,914 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 204,879  169,545  168,581 

Grt'earng"  ''  ^'''  ''''                       $3,826,484  $3,386,516  $3,199,879 

OperXg  Scpenses.-.V.  ■.■.:■.:::•. 1-655 J73  1,3^2^519  1,3^9^590 

Net  earnings                                  $2,170,711  $2,073,997  $1,890,290 

Miscellaneous  income.'.  •.::::;:::: __9M83  __8_0^07  __61^244 

Total  net  income $2,261,894  $2,154,604  $1,951,534 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 1,333,986  1,249,319  1,188,225 


THE    CUBA    R  E  V  I  E  W 


21 


CUBAN  FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


THE  PREVAILING  PRICES  FOR  CUBAN  SECURITIES 

As  quotc'i  1)1/  Lawrence  Turnure  &  Cu.,  \ew  York. 

Bid  Asked 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 93^  953^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 99 J^  99^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  ]<'xterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 951^  963^ 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  4}4%  Bonds  of  1949 803^  88 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101  105 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 100  104 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock none  85 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 none  85 

Cuba  Company  6%  Debenture  Bonds 84  83 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 83  87 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 93  J-^  95 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Preferred  Stock 101  106 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Common  Stock 97  102 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100  none 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 100  105 

Cuban- American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 170  185 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 100  1003^ 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 56  53 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  ]Mtge.  6%  Bond? 90  95 


CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILROAD 

A  subsidy  of  sixty  thoasand  dollars  for  the 
Cuban  Central  Railroad  Co.,  Ltd.,  is  proposed 
in  order  to  construct  a  branch  line  joining  the 
town  of  Calabazar  de  Sagua  with  .Mata  and 
Encrucijada.  The  town  of  Calabazar  de 
Sagua  and  its  siu"roundings  are  rich  in  soil 
and  important  in  business.  It  has  no  high- 
ways to  connect  with  neighboring  towns,  and 
all  its  commerce  depends  on  the  branch  line 
from  Sagua  to  Caibarien. 


THE  CUBAN-AMERICAN  SUGAR  CO. 

A  quarterly  dividend  of  two  and  ona-half 
per  cent.  (214%)  was  declared  Aug.  15  on  the 
outstanding  common  capital  stock;  also  an 
extra  dividend  of  10  par  cant.  (10%)  on  the 
outstanding  common  capital  stock  of  the 
company;  also  a  quarterly  dividend  of  one 
and  three-quarters  par  cent.  {!%%)  was 
dsclared  on  the  outstanding  preferred  capital 
stock  payable  October  1,  1917,  to  stockholders 
of  record  Septembsr  12,  1917. 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  SANTIAGO   ELECTRIC  LIGHT  AND  TRACTION  CO. 

FOR  JULY,   1917 

Gross  earnings 

Working  expenses 

Gross  profit 

Taxes,  interest  accrued  on  bonds  and  unpaid  debts 

Xet  profit 

Dividend  on  real  estate  shares 

Surplus $10,914.16  $5,471.29 


1916 

$44,823,15 

23,058.30 

1917 

$51,390.19 

33,055.00 

$21,764.85 
$12,082.47 

$18,335.19 
$12,863.90 

$9,682.38 
1,231.78 

$5,471.29 

22 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


YouiiK    Australian    Pines    Five    Yeafs    Old 
Planted  as  Roadside  Trees  in  Southern  Florida. 


AUSTRALIAN  PINE 


Australian  pine,  casuarina,  ironwood,  beefwood,  he  oak,  she  oak  and  swamp  oak  are  some 
of  the  mosc  familiar  names  given  to  a  tree  botanically  referred  to  as  Casuariua  equisdifolia. 
In  tropical  Am.erica  where  this  tree  is  planted  extensively,  both  for  shade  and.  for  ornament, 
it  is  generally  known  as  Australian  pine.  It  is  not  a  pine  at  all,  but  belongs  to  an  entirely 
different  family  of  plants  from  that  of  the  pines.  In  fact,  it  is  not  a  coniferous  tree,  but  is 
closely  related  to  the  willow  and  poplar,  as  it  is  classified  with  the  am.entaceous  trees  of  which 
the  willow  is  the  type. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


23 


Australian    Pines    Planted    for   Syiade    and    Ornament. 

The  name  oak  is  pretty  generally  applied  to  this  tree,  because  of  the  fancied  resemblance 
in  the  color  and  broad  pith  rays  of  the  wood  to  that  of  true  oak.  In  the  English  trade  the  wood 
is  known  as  Botanj'  oak,  because  the  original  shipments  of  the  wood  of  certain  species  of 
Casuarina  came  from  points  on  Botany  Bay  in  Australia.  The  name  becfwood  is  more  appli- 
cable, and  is  very  generally  used,  because  the  heartwood  resembles  dried  beef  in  color.  The 
wood  is  very  hard  and  durable,  and  for  this  reason  is  often  called  ironwood,  which  name  it 
shares  with  a  number  of  entirely  difTerent  trees  from,  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  use  of  this 
name  will  give  rise  to  endless  confusion  am^ong  those  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  tree,  and 
if  it  is  10  be  more  generally  introduced,  in  tropical  America  the  name  ironwood  should  be  qualified 
by  a  word  such  as  Polynesia  or  Malay,  in  order  to  distinguish  it  from  other  so-called  ironwoods. 

The  Australian  pine  is  probably  native  to  southern  Asia  and  Malay  Archipelago,  but  is 
now  found  all  over  the  tropics  and  subtropics  both  cultivated  and  wild.  The  tree  is  very  deco- 
rative and  tropical  in  appearance.  The  very  nam.e  Casuarina  sounds  tropical  and  foreign, 
but  it  has  been  found,  to  be  thoroughly  hardy  in  Southern  Florida,  ^^  est  Indies,  and  in  m.any 
parts  of  California,  where  it  is  no  longer  considered  as  a  foreign  species,  but  as  a  natuarlized 
tree  of  great  value.  Dr.  John  Gifford,  Cocoanut  Grove,  Florida,  says:  "The  tree  is  not  a  new 
introduction  into  Florida.  A  few  trees  have  been  planted  here  and  there  for  many  years,  but 
only  recently  have  they  been  planted  by  the  thousands  for  wind  breaks,  ornamental  purposes, 
and,  incidentally,  for  timber.  This  tree  may  be  planted  close  and  clipped  to  form  a  very  ])retty 
.and  effective  hedge." 

In  its  native  habitat  the  Australian  ])ine  is  long-lived  and  attains  a  n-aximi.m.  height  of 
150  feet  and  a  diameter  of  2  or  3  feet.  It  is  one  of  the  fastest  if  not  the  fastest-grow  ing  hard- 
wood tree  in  existence.  A  number  of  these  trees  in  Florida  and  Cuba  are  knoAvn  to  have 
grown  10  feet  a  year  for  the  first  3  years.  It  easily  outgrows  any  of  the  species  of  Eucalyptus 
which  have  been  so  widely  advertised.  It  grows  naturally  straight,  even  in  situations  where 
it  is  exposed  to  constant  winds.  This  fact  can  be  attributed  to  the  character  of  the  foliage  which 
consists  of  very  small  oppressed,  scale-like  appendages,  crowded  around  thin  and  very  flexible 
branchlets  which  allow  the  wind  to  pass  through  the  crown.  Moreover,  the  wood  of  the  young 
branches  is  very  flexible  and  the  entire  tree  or  crown  yields  to  the  strong  \\  inds  \nth.out  l)reak- 
ing.  Trees  with  thick  foliage  would  probably  be  uprooted.  The  thin  branches  of  the  Australian 
pine  look,  from  a  distance,  like  pine  needles,  and  the  many-celled  woody  fruit  resembles  certain 


24  THECUBAREVIEW 

pine  cones,  but  they  are  cylindrical  in  shape.  The  seeds  are  small  and  winged  and  are  easily 
wafted  about  by  the  slightest  breeze. 

The  tree  grows  very  well  on  a  great  variety  of  soils,  provided  they  are  not  too  poorly 
drained.  It  does  not  thrive  in  a  swampy  soil,  but  it  appears  that  the  conditions  necessary  for 
its  best  development  are  moisture  just  below  the  surface,  plenty  of  sunlight,  and  unobstructed 
sweep  of  the  wind.  Yet  in  Florida  it  may  be  noted  that  some  of  the  finest  specimens  may  be 
seen  gi'owing  on  the  beach  with  some  of  their  roots  permanently  immersed  in  sea  water.  The 
best  soil  when  properly  drained  is  the  sandy  loam  found  along  rivers  and  coasts.  While  it  can- 
not be  said  to  be  a  dweller  of  the  beach,  it  is  very  often  found  growing  spontaneously  on  the 
ocean  sand  close  to  the  sea.  In  fact,  soro.e  closely  allied  species  have  been  planted  extensively 
on  sand  dunes  in  India  to  prevent  theii'  shifting  farther  inland. 

The  wood  of  this  important  tree  is  very  hard,  heavy  (from  55  to  63  pounds  per  cubic  foot)^ 
strong,  tough  and  difficult  to  split  and  work.  The  bulk  of  the  wood  is  straight-grained  though 
it  is  sometunes  cross-grained  or  twisted.  It  is  very  durable  both  in  and  out  of  the  water,  and 
has  been  found  saitable  for  cross  ties.  It  is  said  to  be  more  diu-able  than  the  best  oak  for  this 
ipurpose.  The  heat  value  of  ironwood  is  very  high  and  is  said  to  be  splendid  for  fuel,  leaving 
little  ashes  and  yielding  great  heat.  While  its  greatest  value  at  presnt  is  that  for  fuel,  the  wood 
i  possesses  qualities  which  place  it  in  the  class  of  structural  and  cabinet  timbers.  Selected  sticks  of 
I  this  wood  possess  beautiful  figure  and  s\ich  wood  is  highly  esteemed  for  making  furniture.  The 
i  wood,  which  is  at  first  red  but  later  dark  brown,  takes  high  polish,  which  it  retains. 

The  wood  of  a  tree  that  is  so  widely  distributed  over  the  earth  naturally  has  a  great  many 
uses.  The  Australian  pine  is  not  an  exception.  Bougler  in  his  work  entitled  "Wood"  states 
that  the  wood  is  used  for  fencing  and  shingles,  and  largely  for  fuel,  for  which  it  is  excellent. 
When  a  wood  possesses  properties  which  render  it  suitable  for  sliingles  it  can  be  used  for  a 
great  variety  of  purposes.  The  fact  that  it  is  durable  and  is  hard  makes  it  a  good  wood  for 
cross  ties  and  for  nearly  all  classes  of  construction  timbers.  In  India,  it  is  used  for  making 
farming  implements,  posts,  poles  and  piles.  Unfortunately,  the  trees  do  not  occur  in  great 
abundance  in  regions  where  timbers  of  any  kind  are  generally  exploited,  and  for  this  reason  the 
wood  has  not  been  brought  to  any  great  extent  on  the  American  markets. 

As  a  tree  for  commercial  planting  in  Cuba  and  the  West  Indies  the  AustraUan  pine  can 
hardly  be  surpassed.  Of  all  the  species  of  economical  timber  trees  introduced  into  Cuba  from 
various  parts  of  the  tropics,  the  Australian  pine  gives  by  far  the  best  and  quickest  results.  The 
object  of  a  forest  plantation  must  not  be  sunply  a  desire  to  produce  wood  of  any  kind  without 
regard  to  kind  and  quality,  for  there  is  now  and  always  will  be  an  abundance  of  wood  in  Cuba. 
The  kinds  that  have  a  value  in  the  markets  and  possess  valuable  properties  suitable  for  specific 
uses  should  receive  attention  first  by  those  who  can  afford  to  establish  a  plantation.  The  wood 
of  the  Australian  pine  is  highly  esteemed  for  a  great  variety  of  uses,  and  plantations  of  this  species 
will  increase  yearly  in  value  and  will  yield  merchantable  logs  within  30  years  after  planting. 

C.  H.  PEARSON. 


NEW  PRISON  ^^  ^j^g  suggestion  that  the  prison  be  erected 

The  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Bureau  of  Civil  by    the    convicts    themselves,    and    used    in 

and  .Mihtary  WorlvS,  Havana,  .Mr.  Enrique  Pa^s  as  soon  as  these  are  completed.      The 

Martinez,    has    submitted    a  •  plan    for    the  capacity  of  the  new  prison  is  to  be  1187,  of 

erection  of   a   modern  prison  in   a   100,000  this  number  720  being  in  the  jail  proper,  and 

metre  track  in  Marianao,  Province  of  Havana,  the  remainder  being  housed  in  penal  agricul- 

n  the  plan  is  approved  by  the  Government,  ^ural  farms,  contiguous  with  the  prison  itself 

Havana  will  have  one  of  the  most  modern  and  under  prison  control. 

and  progessive   penal   institutions   in   Latin  . . 

America.     The  prison  proposed  follows  the 

Auburn  plan,  the  convicts  assembling  during 

the  day  at  the  various  workshops,  although  President  Wliigham  of  the  Cuba  Railroad 

not    being    allowed    to    commimicate    with  Company  has  announced  to  stocldiolders  that 

one  another,  the  guards  remaining  constantly  the  directors  have  decided  to  postpone  action 

with  the  men  to  see  that  this  rule  is  carried  on  the  preferred  dividend  which  would  have 

out.        Engineer    Martinez's  plan   is   unique  ordinarily  been  paid  Aug.  1. 


CUBA  RAILROAD  CO. 


THE    CUBA    R  E  V  I  E  W 


25 


SUGAR   BAGS 

The  Cuban  Chiinibcr  of  Commerce  has 
announced  that  the  efforts  of  the  C'uban 
Government  to  secure  the  cooperation  of  the 
British  and  I'nited  States  Covernments  in 
supplying  the  necessary  ships  to  carry  sugar 
bags  from  India  to  Cuba  have  been  successful. 
The  British  Government  announced  that  it 
would  devote  several  boats  especially  to  the 
transfer  of  sugar  bags  from  Calcutta  and 
Rangoon  to  Havana  ports.  Following  the 
British  Government's  accession  to  the  request, 
the  .'vmcrican  CJovernment  also  acceded, 
announcing  that  its  Pacific  ocean  steamers 
would  transfer  as  much  of  this  cargo  from 
India  to  San  Francisco  as  was  possible,  the 
bags  being  carried  overland  from  San  Fran- 
cisco by  rail. 

For  some  time  the  scarcity  of  sugar  bags 
has  been  a  grave  problem  and  it  is  hoped 
that  there  will  be  an  ample  supply  in  the 
future. 


GLYCERINE  FROM  SUGAR 

Discovery  in  the  internal  revenue  division 
laboratory  of  a  process  for  manufacturing 
glycerine  from  sugar  was  announced  July  14 
by  the  Treasury  Department. 

Under  the  secret  process  evolved  the  cost 
of  this  substance,  a  heavy  factor  in  the  manu- 
facture of  explosives,  will  be  reduced  to 
slightly  more  than  one-fourth  of  its  present 
cost. 

Glycerine  is  at  present  manufactured 
almost  entirely  from  fats,  at  a  cost  of  90  cents 
a  pound,  which  is  six  times  its  cost  of  pro- 
duction before  the  war.  Extraction  of  the 
product  from  sugar  will  insure  production, 
officials  estimate,  at  25  cents  a  pound  or  less. 

The  immense  importance  of  the  discovery 
in  conserving  the  fat  supply  of  the  nation  is 
pointed  out  by  officials,  who  declare  that 
Germany's  fat  shortage  is  largely  due  to  the 
use  of  fats  for  production  of  ex-plosives. 
Germany  has  long  since  been  forced  to  dis- 
continue the  manufacture  of  soap  in  order  to 
conserve  the  fats  for  munitions  making. 

The  discovery  is  the  first  to  be  annomiced 
by  chemists  working  in  co-operation  with  the 
Covmcil  of  National  Defense. 


This  booklet  is  written  by  .Mr.  A.  Lee  Henson 
and  describes  the  merits  in  mechanical  con- 
struction of  the  Chain  Drive  as  used  for  power 
transmission  in  the  Smith  Form-a-Truck, 
manufactured  by  the  Smith  .Motor  Truck 
Corporation,  Chicago. 

Link-Bell  "TT"  Class  Jiollrr  Cftnitis  for 
Tradors  and  Trucks,  book  No.  320,  published 
by  the  Link-Belt  Co.,  Chicago.  This  booklet 
gives  some  interesting  facts  regarding  the 
manufacture  and  use  of  roller  chain. 

Zelnickers'  Bulletin  No.  222,  August  14, 
1917.  This  bulletin,  called  the  Blue  Streak 
Special,  lists  locomotives,  cars,  track  acces- 
sories, etc.,  which  the  Walter  A.  Zelnicker 
Supply  Co.  of  St.  Louis,  .Mo.,  have  for 
immediate  shipment. 


NEW  BOOK 


Authority  has  been  given  by  General 
Marti,  Secretary  of  War  and  Navy,  for  an 
elaborate  work  illustrative  of  the  hfe  of  the 
soldier  and  sailor  of  Cuba.  The  book  is 
to  be  a  complete  history  of  the  armed  forces 
of  Cuba  from  the  time  of  organization  up  to 
the  present  time,  and  will  contain  photo- 
graphs and  biographies.  The  purpose  of  this 
book  is  said  to  be  to  arouse  renewed  interest 
in  the  army  and  navy  and  to  give  other 
countries  some  idea  of  what  Cuba's  armed 
forces  are.  The  book  is  to  be  published  in 
three  languages,  Spanish,  French  and  English. 


TRADE  PUBLICATIONS 

"Some  Fads  About  Roller  Chain  Drives," 
book  No.  361,  pubhshed  by  The  Link-Belt 
Co.,     Philadelphia,     Chicago,     Indianapolis. 


HAWAIIAN  SUGAR  MILL. 

A  new  sugar-producing  plant  to  cost  more 
than  $80,000  will  be  erected  by  the  Olowalu 
Sugar  Co.,  one  of  the  large  producers  on  the 
island  of  Maui,  Territory  of  Hawaii.  An- 
nouncement of  the  project  was  made  at  the 
close  of  a  general  meeting  of  the  corporation, 
which  has  decided  to  begin  work  on  the  new 
factory  at  the  close  of  harvest  of  the  1918 
crop  of  sugar  cane.  The  mill  will  be  suppUed 
w'ith  rollers  18  by  27  and  replace  macliinery 
in  an  eight-roller  plant  which  has  been  in 
service  for  a  number  of  years. 

Reports  received  at  Honolulu  from  planta- 
tions on  the  island  of  Hawaii  indicate  that 
practically  all  the  sugar  companies  operating 
there  have  decided  to  increase  the  storage 
capacity  of  plantation  warehouses  from  50 
to  200  per  cent.  There  are  45  sugar  planta- 
tions in  Hawaii,  with  an  output  valued  at 
$70,000,000  annually.— .4.  P.  Taylor,  Cor- 
respondent,  Honolul  u . 


■26 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY 


IMPURITIES  IN  RAW  SUGAR. 

In  our  last  issue,  we  commented  on  the 
•statements  made  in  Parliament  as  to  the 
impurity  in  certain  raw  sugars  imported 
mainly  from  Cuba,  and  expressed  the  opinion 
that  more  sugar  was  going  through  the 
Tefineries  than  was  necessary.  This  criticism 
was  to  be  found  also  in  the  daily  press  and 
was  emphasized  by  Parliamentary  speakers, 
"but  it  has  now  to  be  admitted  in  justice  to 
the  refiners  that,  whatever  may  be  the  case 
as  to  the  purity  of  some  consignments  (which 
we  still  think  might  have  been  allowed  to 
go  into  direct  consumption),  there  have  been 
too  many  others  coming  from  Cuba  containing 
a  high  percentage  of  physical  impurities, 
which  certainly  justifies  the  decision  to  refine 
them.  Apart  from  that,  the  sugars  have  at 
times  arrived  in  solid  blocks,  showing  that 
they  had  been  bagged  hot.  That  dirty  bags 
have  been  used  in  some  cases  appears  unde- 
niable on  the  evidence.  And  the  proportion 
of  physically  tainted  sugar  which  has  been 
sent  over  would  appear  to  have  been  consider- 
ably higher  than  one  would  be  led  to  expect 
from  Cuban  sugar  centrals. 

In  view  of  the  degree  of  publicity  which 
Cuban  sugars  have  received  of  late  in  the 
British  Parliament,  it  seems  highly  desirable 
that  the  explanation  of  the  Cuban  manufac- 
tiu-ers  should  be  forthcoming,  if  Cuban 
sugar  is  not  to  acquire  a  bad  name  amongst 
British  consumers.  One  point  that  will  need 
elucidating  is  as  to  whether  the  sugar  sent 
■over  to  this  country  was  so  dispatched  on 
the  understanding  that  it  was  in  any  event 
to  go  to  the  refineries.  For  if  the  manufac- 
turer knew  that  there  was  no  question  of 
liis  product  being  put  into  direct  consumption 
he  might  feel  justified  in  ignoring  the  presence 
of  the  physical  impurities,  having  regard  to 
■circumstances  which  may  have  been  held  at  the 
lime.  But  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  best 
Cuban  crystals  are  usually  pure  enough  to 
warrant  dispensing  with  refining,  especially 
when  the  refining  output  is  not  equal  to  the 
demand,  the  recent  faulty  shipments  certainly 
seem  to  cast  unnecessary  reflection  in  the  eyes 
of  the  public  here  as  to  the  quality  of  the  sugar 
the  modern  Cuban  centrals  can  turn  out,  and 
it  would  be  in  the  interests  of  the  Cuban  man- 
ufacturers to  clear  up  the  misapprehension. 


unless  indeed  they  are  content  indefinitely 
to  cater  for  the  refineries,  and  have  no  desire 
to  turn  out  direct  consumption  sugars. 

We  need  hardly  add  here  that  we  are  not 
joining  issue  with  those  who  would  eliminate 
the  refiner  altogether.  Admittedly,  the  trend 
of  improvement  in  raw  cane  sugar  factories 
of  late  years  has  been,  and  will  increasingly 
be  in  the  future,  towards  the  production  in 
the  raw  sugar  central  of  a  product  which  can 
be  sold  for  direct  consumption.  Such  sugar 
will  command  a  higher  price  than  will  the 
lower  refining  grades,  hence  the  sugar  manu- 
facturers will  have  some  inducement  to  turn 
out  the  purest  quality  they  can.  But  this  is 
not  the  purity  of  the  refined  article,  and  there 
will  always  be  a  demand  for  the  latter  for 
table  use  and  for  preserving,  which  is  not 
likely  to  be  lessened  by  a  wide  acquaintance 
with  the  "plantation  white"  grade.  The  role 
of  the  latter  will  be  mainly  for  cooking,  both 
domestic  and  trade.  The  real  point  of  recent 
criticisms  has  been  a  fairly  well  founded  belief 
(as  we  have  assumed)  that  the  existing  short- 
age of  sugar  has  been  increased  by  the  delay 
that  has  arisen  through  the  decision  to  refine 
certain  raw  sugars  which  were,  in  the  opinion 
of  many,  fit  under  the  circumstances  to  be 
sent  into  direct  consumption.  The  propor- 
tion may  not  have  been  so  great  as  has  been 
alleged,  but  it  does  appear  to  have  existed; 
and  in  view  of  the  urgent  need  of  sugar  for 
domestic  purposes,  the  complaints  in  Parlia- 
ment and  elsewhere  would  seem  to  have  been 
justified. — The  International  Sugar  Journal, 
London. 


BEET  SUGAR  IN   ENGLAND 

In  order  that  the  production  of  beet  sugar 
in  England  might  be  encouraged,  the  British 
Board  of  Agriculture  has  made  a  loan  of 
£125,000  to  the  British  Beet  Sugar  Growers 
Association. 


U.  S.   BEET  SUGAR. 

The  estimated  crop  for  1917,  based  on  con- 
ditions August  1 : 

Indicated  Increase  from 

yield,  1917.  1916  yield. 

Sug.  beets,  tons.  .7,820,000  Inc.     1,590,000 


THE    CUBA    K  E  V  I  E  W 


27 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


INVERT  SUGAR. 

Ice-cream  inaimfacturers  have  liad  diffi- 
culty in  getting  enough  sugar  for  tlieir  i)ro- 
ducts,  and  are  fjeginning  to  use  invert  sugar. 
It  is  said  to  be  very  much  better  than  the 
granulated  sugar  for  this  purpose  as  it  is 
sweeter  than  granulated  sugar,  causes  no 
waste  by  sticking  to  the  mixer  because  it  is 
liqui4,  and  saves  time  in  mixing  as  well  as 
producing  a  better  "swell."  Figuring  gran- 
ulated sugar  at  8  cent  a  pound,  the  invert 
sugar  costs  about  6  cents.  "Pure  sugar  is  a 
compound  consisting  of  carbon,  12  parts; 
hydrogen,  22  parts;  and  oxygen,  11  parts. 
It  will  be  seen  that  the  proportion  of  hydrogen 
and  oxygen  are  the  same  as  in  water.  Cane 
sugar  (sucrose;  is  a  double  sugar,  called 
disaccharid,  and  so  is  milk  sugar  and  malt 
sugar.  Grape  and  fruit  sugars  are  single 
sugars,  called  monosaccharids.  By  a  simple 
chemical  process,  called  inversion,  cane  sugar 
can  be  spUt  into  two  other  sugars;  thus  su- 
crose becomes  dextrose,  the  same  as  grape 
sugar,  and  levulose,  the  same  as  fruit  sugar. 
This  combination  is  called  invert  sugar. 
This  inversion  can  be  brought  about  by  heat 
and  dilute  acids,  by  heat  or  by  fermentation. 
Certain  ferments,  known  as  enzymes  as  a 
generic  term,  but  invertase  in  the  process  of 
inverting  sugar,  will  produce  the  results. 
All  sugar  when  eaten  must  be  inverted  in  the 
stomach  by  invertase  before  it  can  be  ab- 
sorbed by  the  blood.  Thus  invert  sugar  is 
at  once  ready  for  assimilation  the  second  it 
reaches  the  stomach." 


SUGAR  FUTURES 

The  committee  of  the  Xew  York  Coffee 
and  Sugar  Exchange  appointed  to  confer  with 
Herbert  C.  Hoover,  Food  Administrator, 
reported  that : 

"It  is  the  desire  of  the  Food  Administrator 
that  no  further  business  in  sugar  futures  be 
entered  into  for  the  duration  of  the  war,  and 
that  all  outstanding  contracts  be  settled  as 
speedily  as  possible. 

Reports  were  current  in  Wall  Street  that 
plans  were  being  considered  for  the  organi- 
zation of  a  sugar  futures  market  in  Havana, 
although  in  local  sugar  circles  it  was  believed 
little  or  no  support  would  be  found  for  such 
an  undertaking. 


WASTEFUL  CANE  CULTIVATION 

The  British  Vice-Consul  at  Santa  Cruz  (St. 
Croix)  gives  the  following  description  of  the- 
method  of  cultivation  of  the  sugar  cane  in  that 
now  American  island: — The  land  is  cleared 
and  the  undergrowth  burned,  the  tree  trunks 
that  cannot  be  made  into  firewood  being  left 
to  rot  in  the  ground.  The  planting  is  done  by 
jabbing  oblique  holes  with  a  long  sharpened' 
stake,  about  three  feet  apart,  and  inserting 
a  short  piece  of  sugar  cane.  The  cane  soon 
sprouts,  after  which  the  ground  has  to  be 
cleared  of  weeds.  The  weeding  must  be  re- 
peated until  the  cane  is  tall  enough  to  smother 
the  weeds.  The  ground  is  never  ploughed  or 
irrigated;  the  cultivation  consists  of  simply 
destroying  the  weeds,  which  is  all  done  by 
hand  labor  with  the  small  native  pushing  hoe. 
In  about  ten  months  the  cane  is  ripe  and  ready 
for  cutting.  Two  or  three  weeks  after  cutting, 
the  cane  leaves  are  dry  enough  to  burn,  when 
fire  is  applied  and  the  whole  field  burned  off. 
The  cane  roots  soon  sprout  again  and  the 
same  weeding  operations  have  to  be  gone 
through  as  in  the  previous  year.  This  pro- 
cess is  continued  year  after  year,  until  the  field 
has  to  be  replanted;  this  replanting  is  repeated 
three  or  four  times,  when  the  ground  becomes 
exhaussed  and  the  field  is  then  abandoned 
ahd  the  planter  changes  to  new  ground. 


PRICE  OF  CUBAN  SUGAR  AT  NEW  YORK 

The  difference  in  the  cost  of  Cuban  raw 
sugar  at  New  York  and  granulated  sugar  to 
the  consumer  has  been  gradually  widening 
since  last  October,  according  to  statistics 
from  an  official  source  received  at  the  office 
of  Herbert  Hoover  in  Washington. 

The  weighted  average  price  at  New  York 
for  the  Cuban  raw  was  very  carefully  com- 
piled, while  the  retail  price  to  the  consumer 
was  taken  from  statistics  in  forty-five  cities  in 
the  United  States.     The  figures  show: 

Retail  Price 
Cuban  Raw.    to  Consum,er^ 

October 6.21  8.2 

November 6.37  8.6 

December 5.17  8.3 

January 5.18  8.0 

February 5.13  8.1 

March 5.59  8.7 

April 6.36  9.6 


28  THECUBAREVIEW 


SUGAR  PRODUCTION 


The  receipts  of  sugar  into  the  United  States  amounted  to  7,472,728,906  pounds,  vakied 
at  1347,674,625  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1917,  against  7,620,085,068  pounds,  valued  at 
$308,986,793  in  1916,  the  high  record  year,  and  6,822,825,102  pounds,  valued  at  $155,077,126, 
in  1914.  While  the  quantity  received  in  1917  shows  an  increase  of  9J^%  over  1914,  the  value 
increased  124%. 

Of  the  total  arrivals  of  sugar  in  1917,  5,332,745,854  pounds,  valued  at  $230,945,694, 
came  from  foreign  countries;  1,162,605,056  pounds,  -"-alued  at  $62,741,164,  from  Hawaii,  and 
^77,377,996  pounds,  valued  at  $53,987,767  from  Porto  Rico.  Of  the  five  and  one-third  bil- 
lion pounds  imported  in  1917  from  foreign  countries,  4,669,097,398  pounds  came  from  Cuba, 
114,367,301  pounds  from  the  Dominican  Republic,  158,107,460  pounds  from  South  American 
•countries,  267,891,954  pounds  from  the  Philippine  Islands,  26,406,776  pounds  from  our  recently 
purchased  territory  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  formerly  Danish  West  Indies,  21,885,000  pounds 
from  Japan,  and  lesser  amounts  from  other  countries. 

Increases  Jrom  Virgin  Islands  and  Jap'in. 

The  imports  from  the  Virgin  Islands  and  Japan  show  remarkable  increases  when  compared 
with  previous  years.  There  were  no  imports  of  sugar  from  the  Virgin  Islands  in  1916,  and  the 
total  imports  from  these  islands  in  the  five  fiscal  years,  1912-1916,  amounted  to  25,912,546 
pounds,  one-half  million  pounds  less  than  the  quantity  for  1917.  In  1916  the  imports  of  sagar 
from  Japan  were  6,410  pounds  and  only  26,410  pounds  for  the  five  years  1912-1916,  against 
21,885,000  poimds  in  1917.  The  imports  of  sugar  from  the  Dutch  East  Indies,  which  amounted 
to  3143/^  million  pounds  in  1912,  fell  to  21,813  pounds  in  1917.  The  imports  of  beet  sugar 
for  1917  were  only  28,847  pounds. 

The  production  of  sugar  in  the  United  States  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1917, 
is  estimated  at  2,267,251,840  pounds,  of  which  621,799,360  pounds  were  cane  and  1,645,452,480 
pounds  beet  sugar.  This  production,  with  the  imports  from  foreign  countries  and  receipts 
from  non-contiguous  territories,  would  make  the  sugar  available  in  the  markets  of  the  United 
States  amount  to  9,739,980,746  pounds.  Of  this  anount,  1,248,840,336  pounds,  valued  at 
$77,096,608,  were  exported  as  domestic  refined  sugar;  5,711,344  pounds,  valued  at  $284,875, 
were  reexports  of  sugar  in  the  condition  in  which  imported;  and  the  shipments  to  noncontig- 
uous territories  amounted  to  19,329,532  pounds,  valued  at  $1,439,741. 

Amount  Retained  in  the  United  States. 

Deducting  the  shipments  from  the  receipts  and  production  would  show  8,466,099,534 
pounds  as  retained  in  the  United  States,  an  average  of  81  pounds  per  capita,  against  7,960,- 
362,762  pounds,  an  average  of  78  pounds  per  capita  in  1916,  and  8,793,794,928  pounds,  an 
avergae  of  89  pounds  per  capita  in  1914. 

The  average  price  of  imported  sugar  in  1914  was  2.01  cents  per  pound;  in  1915,  3.2  cents 
per  pound;  in  1916,  3.8  cents  per  pound;  and  in  1917,  4.5  cents  per  pound,  an  increase  of  112% 
in  three  years.  The  average  price  of  sugar  from  Hawaii  was  3  cents  in  1914  and  5.4  cents  in 
1917;  from  Porto  Rico  the  average  price  was  3.1  cents  in  1914  and  5.5  cents  in  1917.  Refined 
sugar  exported  averaged  3.6  per  pound  in  1914  against  6.2  cents  in  1917. 


SUGAR  SUPPLY  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM 


Before  the  war  over  4,000,000  hundredweight  (of  112  pounds  each)  of  unrefined  and  about 
9,000,000  hundredweight  of  refined  sugar  were  imported  annually  into  the  United  Kingdom 
from  Germany  and  Austria-Hungary,  and  one  of  the  chief  problems  of  food  supply  in  this 
country  has  been  the  rearrangement  of  sugar  imports  so  as  to  make  up  this  deficiency. 

In  this  connection  the  following  article  and  statistics  appeared  in  a  recent  supplement 
of  the  London  Chamber  of  Commerce  Journal: 

The  following  tables  show  the  changes  which  have  taken  place  in  the  sugar  import  trade 
during  the  period  of  the  war.     The  quantity  derived  from  imperial  sources  has  increased,  not 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


29 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


because  of  any  large  extcusiou  of  production  within  the  Empire,  but  owing  mainly  to  the 
diversion  to  this  country  of  Mauritius  sugar  which  ordinarily  would  have  gone  to  India.  Our 
imports  of  unrefined  sugar  were  last  year  roughly  at  the  same  level  as  before  the  war,  but 
our  supplies  of  refined  were  less  than  half  the  quantity  received  in  1914.  The  maintenance  of 
supplies  of  unrefined  sugar  is  due  to  the  large  expansion  of  Cuba's  shipments  and  to  increased 
imports  from  the  Philippines  and  Peru,  which  together  have  been  sufficient  to  replace  the  quan- 
tities formerly  obtained  from  Germany  and  .'vustria.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  case  of  refined 
sugar  a  large  increase  of  supplies  from  the  United  States  has  only  partially  balanced  the  absence 
of  supplies  from  Germany  and  Austria  and  a  great  falling  off  in  shipments  from  the  Nether- 
lands.    Imports  of  sugar  into  the  United  Kingdom  follow: 

1915  1916 

Cwt.  Cwt. 

19,537,500  22,.529,571 

10,109,633  8,215,283 


L'ni-efined  sugar. 
Refined  sugar .  .  . 


1914 

Cwt. 
21,983,003 
17,877,806 


Total 


39,860,809  29,647,133 

Countries  Supplying  the  Sugar. 
The  imports  of  the  above  two  classes,  by  countries  of  origin,  were  as  follows: 

Country    Whence  Imported. 
Unrefined. 

Mauritius ■ 

British  West  Indies  (including  British  Guinea) 

India 


Total  British. 


Java 

Philippine  Islands 

Cuba 

Peru. . 

Brazil 

Hayti  and  San  Domingo 

Germany 

Austria-Hungary 

Other  European  countries 

Other  countries  not  in  Europe. 


Total. 


Refined : 

Mauritius 

United  States .... 
J  ava 


Argentina 

Germany 

Austria-Hungary. 

Netherlands 

France 


Russia 

Belgium 

Other  countries  in  Eurowe 

Other  countires  not  in  Europe . 


Total. 


30,744,854 


1914 
Cxot. 
979,507 
1,397,288 
200,349 

1915 

Cwt. 
2,221,624 
2,327,652 
17,327 

1916 

Cwt. 
1,617,.350 
1,390,542 
1,000 

2,577,144 

5,827,655 
54,400 

5,237,335 
930,855 
399,141 
:349,315 

3,069,790 

4,566,603 

5,871,923 
120,769 

7,194,922 

628,809 

465,621 

5,600 

3,008,892 

5,789,-301 

1.363,962 

11,071,1^03 

1,012,042 

175,016 

72 

1,303,429 

529,739 

5 
683,248 

1,704,200 

108,983 

21,983,003 

412,898 
2,140,785 
2,276,657 

4.35,992 
6,200,331 

19,5.37,500 

1,614,075 

3,774,927 

2,102,331 

581,128 

22,529,571 

5.58,615 

5,353,619 

1,885,552 

5,018 

2,565,791 

2,617,339 
57,193 
44,851 

1,857,405 

692 

42,801 

85,530 
153 

214,283 

521,861 
389,825 

21,917 
114,357 

1,721 
325,075 

17,877,806 

10,109,633 

8,215,283 

— Co7isul  General  Robert  P.  Skinner,  London. 


HONGKONG  SUGAR. 
Sugar  prices  in  Hongkong  during  1916 
compelled  Chinese  consumers  to  diminish 
their  purchases.  Europe  took  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  export  of  refined  sugar  and  much 
high-grade  raw  sugar.  During  the  year 
324,000  tons  of  raw  sugar  were  imported, 
compared  with  670,000  tons  in  1915,  and 
80,000  tons  of  refined  sugar  exported  against 
100,000  tons  in  1915.  A  greater  proportion 
than  ever  of  the  imported  raw  product  was 
exported   as   white   sugar   for   Chinese   con- 


sumers. Shipments  to  the  United  States 
increased  considerably.  Most  of  the  imports 
in  1916  came  from  Java  and  a  great  deal  of 
the  balance,  234,000  tons,  from  the  Philip- 
pine Islands.  The  production  of  sugar  in 
Hongkong  colony  has  increased  somewhat, 
and  imports  from  nearby  ports  on  the  South 
China  coast  amounted  to  about  6,700  tons. 
The  season  of  the  Hongkong  refineries  was 
only  fairly  satisfactory. — Consul  GeneralGeorge 
E.  Anderson. 


31 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


jAn.      Fed.     Mar.     Apr.      May    Jun.     July      Aug.     5ep       Oct      nov.      Dec. 

Diagram  Showing  Market.  Price  of  Cuban  Raw  Sugar  at  New  York,  c.  and  f.  Basis  96*.Test. 


THE    CUBA    R  E  \'  I  E  W 


31 


Ei500.000r 


eipoo.ooo 


5.500.000 


5J0OO, 


4500.000 


4.000,000 


5500.000 


^000,00* 


2.50C100O 


jAfi.  Fp  (Iar  Apr.  riAY  Jun  Jul  Aug.  5ep.  Oct.  hov   Dec 


2.000WO 


1.500.000 


jAn.   Feb.   FIar.  Apr.   May  Jun.  Jul.  Au6.  5ep.    Oct.    Mov.   Dec 


«,->•  DIAGRAM. 

Showing  Exports  of  Cuban  Raw  SuKar  to  Europe  during  101.5,  1916  and  1917  (to  Sept.  1st) 


32 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY 


A  GLIMPSE  AT  SUGAR 

J.  B.  Walker,  Jr. 

Napoleon  Bonaparte  gave  the  world  its  first 
beet  sugar  in  the  year  1812.  Prior  to  that 
date  people  had  been  dependent  on  sugar 
from  cane  and  it  had  indeed  been  an  article 
which  only  the  few  could  afford.  Dating  from 
the  entrance  of  beet  sugar  into  the  world's 
market,  we  see  a  constant  and  rapid  growth 
in  sugar  production  until  at  the  present  we 
have  a  world's  total  of  sugar  produced  under 
normal  conditions  of  approximately  18,000,- 
000  tons.  The  costs  of  production  have  at 
the  same  time  diminished  and  we  now  find 
sugar  within  the  reach  of  all  and  firmly  es- 
tablished as  a  food  product. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  last  twenty 
years  have  witnessed  the  most  rapid  growth 
of  this  industry.  Since  1896-7  the  produc- 
tion has  just  doubled.  In  the  same  period 
there  has  been  a  neck  and  neck  race  between 
beet  and  cane  sugar  for  supremacy  in  the 
world  market.  At  present  the  honors  are 
about  even,  and  one-half  the  world  gets  its 
BUgar  from  cane  in  the  tropics  and  the  other 
half  from  beet  roots  in  the  North  Temperate 
Zone. 

Roughly  speaking  there  are  two  belts  of  su- 
gar production  encircling  the  globe;  first,  that 
of  cane  sugar  which  is  generally  supposed  to 
be  limited  within  the  bounds  of  30  deg.  north 
latitude  and  30  south  latitude,  including  such 
leading  territories  as  Cuba,  India,  Java, 
Egypt  and  Hawaii.  The  other  belt  is  that  of 
beet  sugar,  lying  entirely  north  of  the  Equator 
in  theTemperateZone  and  including  Germany, 
Austrui,  France,  Russia  and  the  United 
States  as  leading  areas  of  production. 

Spain  and  the  United  States  hold  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  only  two  countries  which 
produce  in  substantial  quantities  both  beet 
and  cane  sugar. 

A  general  comparison  of  the  methods  of 
manufacture  of  hoth  beet  and  cane  sugar 
shows  that  with  the  former  white  sugar  is 
made  directly  from  the  beet  and  in  one  pro- 
cess,and  that  in  the  case  of  cane  there  are  two 
distinct  processes,  viz.:  fijst,  the  making  of 
raw,  or  trown  sugar,  at  the  plantation,  and 
second,  the  refining  of  raw  sugar  at  refineries 
located  near  centers  of  consumption.  As  by- 
products from  the  making  of  beet  sugar  we 


have  molasses  and  beet  pulp.  The  molasses 
is  sold  for  making  alcohol,  and  in  some  cases 
as  a  cattle  food.  The  pulp  also  serves  as  cattle 
fodder.  In  making  raw  cane  sugar  we  also 
have  two  by-products,  bagasse  and  molasses. 
The  bagasse  is  the  shredded  cane  stalks  and 
serves  as  a  fuel  for  the  cane  factories,  so  that 
a  properly  operated  factory  generates  its 
o'ftTi  fuel.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  in  both  in- 
stances molasses  is  a  by-product.  Cane  sugar 
molasses,  however,  is  the  one  with  which  we 
are  most  familiar,  as  beet  molasses  is  not  used 
for  eating  purposes. 

If  the  immediate  past  ia  any  indication  of 
what  we  may  expect  in  the  near  future,  there 
should  be  a  very  largely  increased  production 
of  sugar  during  the  next  ten  to  twenty  years. 
An  idea  of  the  rapid  growth  of  this  industry 
may  perhaps  be  best  obtained  from  a  con- 
sideration of  the  per  capita  consmnption  of 
sugar  in  the  United  States.  In  1830,  the 
per  capita  consumption  was  only  10.2  lb.,  in 
1910,  each  person  in  the  United  States  con- 
sumed practically  80  lb.  per  annum.  In  1913 
the  figure  was  89  lb.  per  annum. 

Thus  the  increase  in  consumption  has  far 
outstripped  the  increase  in  population  in  the 
United  States,  and  in  the  decade  ending  with 
1912-13  the  total  consumption  of  sugar  was 
42  per  cent  greater  than  the  preceding  decade 
against  an  increase  of  21  per  cent  in  the  popu- 
lation for  the  same  period. 

Not  only  have  we  got  to  maintain  during 
the  next  decade  or  two  the  development  of 
new  areas  of  production,  but  there  will  un- 
doubtedly be  a  restoration  of  those  areas 
which  have  suffered  because  of  the  war.  In 
France  alone  over  200  factories  have  been 
within  the  active  war  zone,  58  or  so  in  Bel- 
gium, and  about  20  in  Russia.  It  seems  safe 
to  assimie  that  this  restoration  of  areas  of 
production  will  be  had  to  such  an  extent  that 
each  of  the  countries  which  has  suffered  will 
again  produce  within  its  own  borders  sugar 
equal  to  its  own  consumption.  A  strong  ten- 
dency is  now  manifesting  itself  very  emphati- 
cally in  Great  Britain  where  tlie  Government 
is  now  seriously  considering  a  tariff  on  foreign 
sugars  and  is  making  an  effort  to  initiate  beet 
sugar  production  in  England. 

But  irrespective  of  the  extraordinary  con- 
ditions in  the  sugar  industry  caused  by  the 


THE    CUBA    R  E  \'  1  E  W 


35 


THE  SUGAR  INDUSTRY 


war,  a  study  of  the  history  of  sugar  procbiction 
brings  strongly  to  mind  the  fact  that  there  is 
constantly  occurring  in  this  industry  a  re- 
adjustment of  areas  of  svigar  production.  Old 
areas  are  being  supplanted  by  new  ones,  new 
sugar  factories  are  being  constructed  continu- 
ally in  new  areas,  not  only  on  a  basis  of  keep- 
ing up  with  tlie  tendency  to  increase  in  world's 
consumption  of  sugar,  but  at  a  rate  to  include 
the  supplanting  of  many  old  factories  and  old 
areas  as  tune  goes  on.  There  are  many  evi- 
dences of  this  tendency  toward  readjustment 
which  result  constantly  in  bringing  new  terri- 
tories into  being.  Perhaps  the  most  notice- 
able was  the  entrance  of  Europe  into  the  sugar 
industr>'after  the  impetus  given  it  by  Napoleon 
in  France.  The  industry  grew  apace  until  it 
suffered  a  check  as  the  result  of  the  Bnnsels 
Convention  of  1903  At  that  Convention  it 
was  agreed  by  England,  France,  Germany  and 
Austria  that  no  export  bounties  should  be 
given  to  sugar  manufacturers.  This  immedi- 
ately caused  a  falling  off  in  European  beet 
sugar  production  which  had  hitherto  been  as- 
sisted by  export  bounties  amounting  to  large 
sums  annually.  This  decrease  in  European 
beet  production  was  followed  by  a  correspond- 
ing increase  in  new  cane  sugar  territories. 
Another  instance  of  the  entrance  of  entirely 
new  territories  into  the  field  of  sugar  produc- 
tion has  been  the  development  in  the  United 
States  of  the  beet  sugar  industry.  From  1898 
the  beet  sugar  production  in  the  United 
States  has  growm  from  50,000  tons  annually  to 
approximately  800,000  tons  for  the  year  1915. 

The  European  war  has  caused  the  develop- 
ment of  a  large  amount  of  new  cane  sugar  ter- 
ritory. This  was  made  necessary  by  the  with- 
drawal from  customary  channels  of  approxi- 
mately 2,000,0000  tons  of  European  beet 
sugar.  As  a  consequence,  many  new  factories 
were  built  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  points  standing  out,  therefore,  in  great- 
est relief  in  this  industry  are  the  extremely 
rapid  pace  at  which  the  consumption  of  sugar 
is  increasing  and  the  constant  readjustment 
of  areas  of  production. — The  Americas. 


DOMINICAN    REPUBLIC 


in  excess  of  the  1916  crop.  It  is  thought  that 
sugar  can  be  grown  in  Santo  Domingo  at  a 
cost  that  would  permit  its  export  to  the 
United  States,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  these 
exports  will  not  enjoy  the  20%  reduction  in 
duty  which  is  allowed,  on  sugar  imported  into- 
the  United  States  from  Cuba.  The  total  value 
of  the  sugar  crop  of  Santo  Dom.ingo  for  1915 
was  $7,()71,;38:3,  and  in  191(5,  $12,028,297. 


SUGAR  IN  PORTO  RICO 

For  the  first  time  in  its  history,  Porto  Rico 
had  an  output  of  more  than  500,000  tons  of 
sugar  diu"ing  the  season  that  closed  this 
month.  The  actual  production  was  502,389^ 
short  tons  of  2,000  pounds  each,  according  to 
figures  tabulated  by  J.  Ruis  Soler,  secretary 
of  the  Sugar  Producers'  Association.  This 
represents  a  gain  of  19,292  tons  over  the  out- 
put of  1915-16,  which  was  483,097  tons. 

Prospects  for  the  next  harvest  indicate  a 
crop  equal  to,  if  not  in  excess  of,  the  recent 
one.  Forty-eight  centrals  were  in  operation 
during  the  season,  of  which  24  are  American 
owned.  Ten  are  owned  by  Spaniards  and 
Americans,  1  is  of  German  ownership,  2 
Spanish,  2  French,  and  1  Belgian,  while  the 
stockholders  of  the  others  are  of  various 
nationaUties. — Harwood  Hull,  Correspondent, 
San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 


This  country  is  attracting  much  attention 
in  the  producing  of  sugar.  The  crop  for  1917 
was  estimated  at  about  150,000  tons,  which  is 


TRINIDAD  SUGARCROP 

The  Secretary  of  the  Agricultm-al  Society 
of  Trinidad  states  that  cane  farmers'  returns 
for  1916-17  showed  that  the  sugar  crop  was 
the  biggest  Trinidad  ever  had.  The  total 
was  70,891  tons,  compared  with  64,231  tons 
for  the  preceding  year. 

A  peculiar  circiunstance  noted  in  the  re- 
turns was  that  there  were  379,00  tons  of 
estate  canes  groimd  this  year,  which  produced 
36,000  tons  of  sugar,  while  last  year  there 
were  426,000  tons  of  estate  canes  which  pro- 
duced only  35,000  tons  of  sugar.  That 
showed  an  improvement  in  the  quaUty  of  the 
canes  in  the  colony.  The  number  of  farmers 
this  year  was  12,000  East  Indians,  against 
11,000  last  year,  and  nearly  9,000  West 
Indians,  against  8,000  last  year.  The  amount 
of  cane  purchased  this  year  was  384,000  tons, 
compared  with  363,000  last  year. — Consul 
Henry  D.  Baker,  Trinidad. 


34  THECUBAREVIEW 


RUSSIAN   SUGAR-REFINING   INDUSTRY 


William  B.  Carries,  Moscow. 

During  the  period  from  September,  1916,  to  April,  1917,  there  were  in  operation  in  Russia 
236  sugar  refineries,  as  compared  with  235  in  the  corresponding  period  of  1915-16  and  23 
refineries  engaged  solely  in  the  production  of  lump  and  loaf  sugar,  as  compared  with  21  in  the 
preceding  period.  The  following  table  shows  details  of  the  sugar-refining  industry  in  1915-16 
and  1916-17: 


Items  1915-16  1916-17 
Refineries  producing  granulated 
and  refined  lump  sugar : 

Surp.  stock  from  preceding  yr.  Short  tons  Short  tons 

Granulated 280,200  61,210 

Refined  lump  . 13,382  8,092 

Shipped  from  refineries — 

Granulated 1,251,383  901,740 

Refined  lump 195,524  165,657 

Stock  on  hand  April  1,  1917 — 

Granulated 471,610  379,608 

Refined  lump 34,077  63,689 


Hems  1915-16  1916-17 
Refineries    producing    lump    and 
loaf  sugar: 

Surp.  stock  from  preceding  vr. .  Short  tons  Short  tons 

76,431  67,393 

Production 525,605  496,716 

Shipped  from  refineries 506,985  430,264 

Stock  on  hand  Apr.  1,  1917.  .  .  94,730  134,245 


THE    NATIONAL    SUGAR    REFINING    CO.    OF  CUBA  CANE  SUGAR  CORPORATION 

NEW  JERSEY. 

A  quarterly  dividend  of  $1.75  per  share 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  this  company  j^^^g      ^gen     declared       upon       the       Pre- 

liave  declared  a  dividend  of  one  and  one-half  fgrred    Stock    of    this    corporation    for    the 

per  cent.  (13^^%)  on  the  capital  stock  of  the  quarter  ending  September  30,  1917,  payable 

company,  payable  October  2,  1917,  to  stock-  October  1,  1917,  to  stockholders  of  record  at 

holders  of  record  at   the   close   of  business  ^^^  ^j^gg  ^f  business  September  15,  1917. 
September  10,  1917. 


SUGAR  REVIEW 


SpeciaUy  written  for  The  Cuba  Review  by  Willett  &  Gray.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Our  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  August  7,  1917. 

In  that  review  Cuba  Centrifugal  sugar  of  96°  test  basis  was  quoted  at  6^0.  c  and  f.,  but 
continued  demand  for  refined  sugar  for  both  local  and  export  use,  and  a  rapidly  decreasing 
visible  supply,  caused  sharp  advances  and  prices  of  Cubas  rapidly  advanced  to  OJ^c.  c.  and  f. 
on  the  7th  and  m^-  c  and  f.  for  August-September  shipment  on  the  9th.  At  these  levels  the 
advance  was  checked  and  an  easier  tone  obtained  due  to  the  passage  of  the  Food  Control  Bill 
in  Washington,  and  the  consequent  negotiations  occuring  regarding  the  control  of  the  entire 

sugar  trade. 

These  several  matters  are  covered  below  more  fully. 

As  we  write  these  lines,  the  market  is  nominal  at  6c.  c.  and  f.  with  no  buyers. 

As  the  beet  manufacturers  have  voluntarily  agreed  to  maintain  a  maximum  price  of  7.25c. 
for  beet  granulated  by  October  1,  the  cane  refiners  will  have  to  decUne  to  that  basis  to  sell  cane 
refined  and  which  will  necessitate  a  decline  in  Cubans  to  about  5c.  c.  and  f . 

A  meeting  is  to  be  arranged  between  Mr.  Hoover  and  the  Cuban  sugar  interests  to  ascer- 
tain if  a  satisfactory  price  cannot  be  arranged  for  Cuban  raws. 

The  other  matters  now  under  consideration  are  given  herewith. 

The  War  Revenue  BiU  has  been  re-reported  to  the  Senate  by  the  Senate  Finance  Com- 
mitte,  the  excise  tax  on  sugar  remaining  at  J^c.  per  pound,  although  the  tax  was  extended  to 
include  "floor"  tax  on  sugars  in  the  hands  of    manufacturers,  producers,  refiners,  importers 

and  wholesalers.  -,r    ■,   c<^  ^    t^     a 

The  Food  Control  Law  has  been  passed  at  Wasliington,  and  also  the  New  \  ork  State  Food 

Control  Law  has  been  passed.    The  latter  is  intended  to  be  of  a  helping  nature  to  the  Federal 

law     The  Federal  Food  Control  Law  does  not  give  such  direct  authority  to  the  President 


T  H  E    C  U  B  A    R  E  V  I  E  W  35 


to  fix  sugar  prices,  although  enough  authority  is  conferred  under  the  licensing  section  for  him 
to  obtain  the  results  desired. 

Mr.  Herbert  C.  Hoover  has  been  appointed  Food  Administrator  by  President  Wilson, 
and  .Mr.  Hoover  has  in  turn  selected  Mr.  George  M.  Kolph,  of  the  C.  &  H.  Refinery,  to  head 
the  sugar  department  of  the  Food  Administration.  The  first  move  of  the  Food  Administration 
as  regards  sugar,  was  to  close  the  sugar  future  market  in  Xew  York,  and  to  request  the  liqui- 
dating of  all  outstanding  contracts. 

In  re-reporting  the  War  Revenue  Bill  to  Congress,  the  Senate  Finance  Committee  voted 
to  abolish  the  drawback  on  sugar.  The  leading  sugar  refineries  of  the  United  States  have 
addressed  an  open  letter  to  Congress  stating  their  reasons  for  such  a  provision  being  dropped 
from  the  bill.  What  action  Congress  will  take  on  the  pending  consumption  and  floor  taxes 
and  on  drawback  remains  to  be  seen. 

On  August  17th,  cane  refiners,  representatives  of  the  beet  producers  and  the  raw  producers 
of  Cuba  met  with  the  Council  of  National  Defense  in  Washington  and  formulated  a  plan  for 
supplying  the  United  States  Government  with  its  requirements  of  about  100,000  tons  of  sugar 
per  annum  for  use  cf  the  Army  and  Mavy,  the  sugar  to  be  supplied  in  monthly  instalments, 
the  price  to  be  fixed  by  the  Food  Administrator.  Beet  sugar  manufacturers  have  been  in  a 
conference  wilh  the  Food  Administration  and  have  reached  an  agreement  to  sell  their 
product,  beginning  about  October  1st,  at  7.25c.  cane  basis. 

The  excise  tax  of  3^c.  as  proposed,  if  passed,  will  be  in  addition  to  the  above  mentioned 
voluntary  beet  price  of  7.25c. 

On  August  27th,  President  Wilson,  imder  the  power  conferred  upon  him  in  the  Espionage 
Law,  issued  a  proclamation  extending  the  exports  control  to  cover  sugar,  among  many  other 
articles  mentioned.  There  is  some  talk  going  around  to  the  effect  that  exports  will  be  pro- 
hibited, if  the  cane  refiners  and  the  Cuban  producers  do  not  meet  the  desires  of  the  Food 
Administration  for  lower  sugar  prices. 

On  September  5th,  the  Food  Acbninistration  Committee  and  practically  all  the  refiners 
in  this  country  had  a  meeting  in  Washington  and  refiners  and  the  Government  came  to  an  amic- 
able agreement  that  they  would  be  perfectly  willing  to  establish  a  volimtary  maximum  price 
on  cane  refined  sugar,  but  that  owing  to  pending  legislation  in  the  War  Revenue  Bill  in  which, 
sugar  is  taxed,  the  refiners  stated  that  they  could  not  speak  positively  on  the  question  of  a 
maximum  price,  until  they  could  acertain  to  what  extent  they  would  have  to  pay  taxes.  The 
refiners  and  the  Government  also  came  to  an  agreement  in  which  a  committee  would  be 
appointed  by  Mr.  Hoover  to  purchase  all  the  raw  supplies  needed  at  our  several  refineries 
and  to  apportion  to  each  of  them  their  share.  Refined  is  very  quiet  with  closing  quotations 
at  8.40c.  to  8.50c.,  less  2%.  WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Xew  York,  September  6,  1917. 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 


Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  par  Willelt  &  Gray,  de  Nueva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  resena  para  esta  publicacion  estaba  fechada  el  7  ds  ago5to  de  19 17. 

En  esa  fecha,  el  azucar  centrifugo  de  Cuba  polarizacion  98°  se  cotizaba  a  G^^c.  costo  y 
flete,  pero  la  continua  demanda  por  el  azucar  refinado,  tanto  para  el  uso  del  pais  como  para  la 
exportacion,  asi  como  mia  rapida  di.sminucion  de  las  existencias  visibles,  ocasiono  alzas  muy 
marcadas,  y  los  precios  de  los  azucares  de  Cuba  aumentaron  rapidamente  a  6J^c.  costo  y  flete 
el  dia  7,  y  a  6Hc.  costo  y  flete  el  dia  9  para  embarques  de  agosto  y  septiembre.  A  estos  precios 
se  contuvo  el  alza  y  se  consiguio  un  tono  mas  moderado  debido  a  haberse  sancionado  en  Wash- 
ington la  Ley  sobre  Regulacion  de  los  Alimentos,  asi  como  las  consecuentes  nogociaciones  que 
tuvieron  lugar  respecto  a  la  regulacion  de  todo  el  comercio  de  azucar. 

Todos  estos  asuntos  se  explican  md,s  detalladamente  d,  continuacion. 

Al  escribir  esta  resena  el  mercado  es  nominal  A  6c.  costo  y  flete  y  sin  compradores. 

Como  los  fabricantes  de  azucdr  de  remolacha  han  acordado  voluntariamente  en  mantener 
un  precio  mdximo  de  7.25c.  por  el  azucar  de  remolacha  granulado  para  el  primero  de  octubre. 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 

los  refinadores  de  azucar  de  cana  tendran  que  bajar  d,  esa  base  para  vender  el  azucar  de  cana 
refinado,  lo  cual  requerird.  una  baja  en  los  aziicares  de  Cuba  d,  unos  5c.  cdsto  y  flete. 

Va  d  tener  lugar  una  consulta  entre  el  comisionado  Mr.  Hoover  y  las  empresas  de  azucar 
de  Cuba  para  averiguar  si  puede  fijarse  un  precio  satisfactorio  para  los  aziicares  crudos  de  Cuba. 

Los  otros  asuntos  ahora  bajo  consideracione  se  manifiestan  del  modo  siguiente: 

El  Proyecto  de  Ley  sobre  el  Impuesto  de  Guerra  ha  sido  presentado  al  Senado  por  el 
Comite  Financiero  de  dicha  Cdmara,  la  contribucion  sobre  el  azucar  permaneciendo  d,  3^c.  la 
libra,  aunque  la  contribucion  se  ampli6  para  que  comprendiera  la  contribucion  sobre  azucares 
en  manos  de  fabricantes,  productores,  refinadores,  importadores  y  comerciantes  al  por  mayor. 

La  Ley  sobre  Regulaci6n  de  los  Alimentos  ha  sido  sancionada  en  Washington,  asi  como  ha 
sido  tambien  sancionada  dicha  Ley  en  el  Estado  de  Mueva  York,  esta  ultima  con  la  intenci6n 
de  que  sirva  de  ayuda  &  la  Ley  del  Gobierno  Federal.  La  Ley  sobre  Regulacion  de  los  Alimentos 
pasada  por  el  Gobierno  Federal  no  dael  Presidente  autorizacion  tan  directa  para  fijar  los  precios 
del  azucar,  aunque  se  le  confiere  suficiente  autorizaci6n  bajo  la  secci6n  de  licencias  para  que 
obtenga  los  resultados  que  se  desean. 

Mr.  Herbert  C.  Hoover,  ha  sido  nombrado  Administrador  de  Comestibles  por  el  Presidente 
Wilson,  y  Mr.  Hoover  A  su  vez  ha  elegido  A  Mr.  Jorge  .M.  Rolph,  de  la  Refineria  C.  &  H.,  como 
■cabeza  del  Departamento  de  la  Administraci6n  de  Comestibles.  El  primer  paso  de  la  Adminis- 
traci6n  de  Comestibles,  en  lo  que  respecta  al  azucar,  ha  sido  abolir  el  mercado  de  transacciones 
para  el  futuro  en  Nueva  York  y  el  solicitar  la  liquidaci6n  de  todos  los  contratos  pendientes. 

Al  volver  &  presentar  al  Congreso  el  proyecto  de  Ley  sobre  el  Impuesto  de  Guerra,  el  Comity 
Financiero  del  Senado  vot6  por  la  abolicion  de  reintegros  sobre  el  azucar.  Las  principales 
refinerias  de  azucar  de  los  Estado  Unidos  han  dirigido  una  comunicacion  al  Congreso  exponiendo 
sus  motivos  para  que  tal  provisi6n  sea  exclulda  de  dicho  proyecto  de  ley.  Hay  que  ver  ahora 
lo  que  decidird  el  Congreso  respecto  d,  la  contribucion  ahora  pendiente  sobre  el  consumo  y  exis- 
tencias  de  azucar,  asi  como  sobre  los  reintegros  sobre  el  azucar. 

El  17  de  agosto  los  refinadores  de  azucar  de  caiia,  los  representantes  de  los  productores  de  re- 
molacha  y  los  productores  de  azucar  crudo  de  Cuba  tuvieron  una  entrevista  con  el  Consejo  de  De- 
fensa  Nacional  en  Washington  y  formularon  un  plan  para  surtir  los  requerimientos  del  Gobierno 
de  los  Estados  ITnidos  con  unas  100,000  tonelados  de  azucar  al  aiio  para  el  uso  del  Ejercito  y  la 
Marina,  el  azucar  siendo  suministrada  en  plazos  mensuales,  siendo  fijado  el  precio  por  el  Admin- 
istrador de  Comestibles.  Los  fabricantes  de  azucar  de  remolacha  han  estado  en  conferencia 
€on  dicho  Administrador  y  han  venido  d  un  acuerdo  para  vender  su  producto  empezando 
como  d  primeros  de  octubre  bajo  la  base  de  7.25c.  por  el  azucar  de  cana. 

La  contribucion  del  Impuesto  de  3^2C.  segiin  se  ha  propuesto,  si  llega  a  pasarse,  sera  en 
adici6n  al  precio  voluntario  del  azucar  de  remolacha  de  7.25c.  antes  mencionado. 

En  27  de  agosto  el  Presidente  Wilson,  sagun  el  poder  que  se  le  ha  conferido  por  la  Ley  de 
Espionaje,  expidio  un  decreto  extendiendo  la  regulacion  de  las  exportaciones  para  que  compren- 
dieran  el  azucar  entre  muchos  de  los  otros  articulos  mencionados.  Circulan  rumores  al  efecto 
de  que  se  prohibiran  las  exportaciones  de  azucar  si  los  refinadores  de  azucar  de  caiia  y  los 
productores  de  azucares  de  Cuba  no  satisfacen  el  objeto  deseado  por  la  Administracion  de 
Comestibles  respecto  d  precios  mas  bajos  del  azucar. 

El  5  de  septiembre  el  Comite  de  la  Administracion  de  Comestibles  y  practicamente  todos  los 
refinadores  de  este  pais  tuvieron  una  junta  en  Washington,  el  la  cual  los  refinadores  y  el  Gobi- 
erno vinicron  dun  arreglo  amistoso  por  el  cualestabandispuestos  a  establecer  voluntariamente 
un  precio  maxiaio  sobre  el  azucar  de  cana  refinado,  pero  quedebido  a  la  legislacion  pendiente 
en  el  Proyecto  de  Ley  sobre  el  Impuesto  de  Guerra  en  el  cual  se  impone  contribucion  al  azucar, 
los  refinadores  manifastaron  que  no  podian  determinar  positivamente  el  asunto  de  un  precio 
maximo  hasta  que  pudieran  averiguar  hasta  que  grado  tendrian  que  pagar  contribuciones. 
Los  refinadores  y  el  Gobierno  vinieron  asimismo  d  un  arreglo  por  el  cual  se  nombraria  un  comite 
por  Mr.  Hoover  para  que  comprase  todo  el  azucar  necesitado  en  nuestras  varias  refinerias  y 
para  que  adjudicara  d  cada  una  de  ellas  su  cuota  correspondiente. 

El  mercado  de  azucar  refinado  esta  muy  encalmado  con  cotizaciones  al  cerrar  de  8.40c.  a 
8.50c.  menos  2%. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 
Nueva  York,  septiembre  6  de  1917. 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


37 


Cable  Address  "Turnure" 


New   York— 64-66  Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  tai<ing  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of 
Dividends  and  Interest.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Indastrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters 
of  Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons,  etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  I^Vance,  Spain,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo 
Domingo  and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS : 

HAVANA— N.   Celats  y  Ca.  LONDON — The  London  Joint  Stcok  Bank,  Ltd. 

PUERTO   RICO—Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto   Rico.  PARIS  -Heine  et  Cie. 


GRAMERCY   ELECTRIC  STIRRER 

Useful  for  many  purposes  besides 
stirring. 

The  Universal  Motor  1-10  H.  P.  can 
be  operated  on  direct  current  or  alter- 
nating current,  is  fully  enclosed  with 
aluminium  cover  and  can  be  raised 
or  lowered  as  desired.  It  is  attached 
to  the  support  by  an  adjustable 
extension  clamp.  The  heavy  iron 
support  has  a  base  16  inches  by 
25  inches.  Underneath  the  base,  a 
rheostat  with  ten  steps  is  attached, 
the  wires  passing  up  from  the  rheostat 
to  the  motor  through  the  hollow  rod. 

Gramercy  Electric  Stirrer  with  Support,  as 
Illustrated,  net  -  -  $20.00 

EIMER    &    AMEND 

HEADQUARTERS    FOR    EDUCATIONAL    AND    INDUSTRIAL    LABORATORY    SUPPLIES 
205  THIRD  AVENUE,  CORNER  18TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PITTSBURGH,  PA.  Founded   1831.  OTTAWA,  CANADA 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 
P.  O.  BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 

We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip*- 
ment  of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


CAR  S 


10-4.81^    GAGE  FLATS— Length   10  ft.  6in. 

Capacity  20,000  lbs. 

28-24  in.    GAGE,   8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom   Gondola 

ALL  STEEL  CONSTRUCTION 

Length  19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10  Tons 

Weight  7,500  lbs. 

FIRST-CLASS     CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe  Flat  Cars 

PROMPT  SHIPMENT      .-.      LOW  PRICE 

RAILS,      LOCOMOTIVES,      CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 

LLJMinirgLJ 


ftLTEBA.ZELHICHER  SU 


kkiiiioiiki 


38 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and   Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


30% 

tnas  de 
cana 


PATENTE  PELAEZ 

Esta  maza  puede  colocarse  faoilmetite  en  cualquier  trapiche,  sea  de  dos  6  tres  mazas.  Machuca  bien  la 
cafia  desmenuzdndola  y  extray^ndole  almismo  tiempo  las  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  guarapo,  dejando  la  cana  bien 
preparada  para  el  segundo  trapiche.  Ejecuta  todo  el  trabajo  de  una  desmenuzadora  de  primera  clase  y  sin  mas 
gasto  que  cuando  se  oaera  con  una  maza  lisa.  Esta  mazaesde  acero  yseha  sacado  privilegio  para  ella  en  todas 
las  partes  del  mundo  donde  se  cultiva  la  cana  de  aziicar.  Pues  envienos  un  dibujo  de  la  maza  superior_que  usan 
Uds  asi  que  de  su  eje,  y  les  cotizaremos  precios  bajos  por  una  maza  completa  para  desmenuzar  la  cana  de  este 
trapiche. 

NEWELL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  149  Broadway,  New  York,  E.  U.  A. 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1   WALL  ST.    NEW  YORK 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.  A.  MERCHANT 
J.  T.  MONAHAN 
CHAS.  F.  PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES     - 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.  Cashier 


Pedro  Pablo    Diago  Guillermo   Carricaburu 

LOUIS    V.    PLACE  CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP    BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,  Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:  "PLACfe" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET         .-.  .-.         NEW     YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::  $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sample  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Pleise  menlion   THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  writing  to  Advertisers 


THECUBAREVIEW  39 

POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,   80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL    STATION   from 
5  A.  M.   to  8  P.  M.        Last   train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL   STATION  from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.      Last  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) S0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Cabafias  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brasi 

Castings.     Light  and  Heavy  Forgings.     All  kfnds  of  Machinery  SuppUet. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.  KLING,  Prop.  MnRTf  T       At  A 

JAS.  S.  BOQUE,  Supt.  IVIUDILIL,     J\L^J\, 


THE    AMERICAN     PHOTO    CO. 

PHOTOGRAPHY  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES 

Construction,  Mining  and  Sugar-Mil!  Work  a  specialty.  We  are  the  largest,  best 
equipped  and  most  experienced  house  in  Cuba  Sample?  and  estimates  submitted 
upon  request.    Let  us  help  you  make  your  advertisements  convincing. 

HAVANA  OBISPO  70  CUBA 

Telephone,  33  Hamilton.  Xi^ht  Call,  411  Hamilton.  ('al)Ie  Address:     "Ahiworks  "  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.      Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forgings,  Iron  and  Brass  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,   Oil  Fuel  Installation,   Carpenter  and  Joiner  Work 

18-20  SUMMIT  STREET  1  ^j  „        ..^        ^  Dorjoiff  vm    m     v 

11-27   IMLAY  STREET       fNear   Hamilton   Ferry  BROOKLYN,   N,    Y. 

Agents   for   "Kinghorn"   Multiplex  Valve 

Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE 

TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 

CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON   MORTGAGES 

Correspondence    Solicited    from 

OFFICERS 

Norman  H.  Davis  -   -   -   -        -   -    -    President 

Oswald  A.  Hornsby   -----    Vice-President 

Claudio  G.  Mendoza     -   -   -   -    Vice-President 

J.  M.  Hopgood  --------        Treasurer 

Rogelio  Carbajal    --------     Secretarj 

W.  M.  Whitner  -    -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Depart 

P.    RUIZ 

^    BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine  Stationery 

Obispo  22 

P.  0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

TRASBORDADORES  deCANA 
DE  HORACE  F.RUGGLES.M,E. 

NEW  YORK  Y  HABANA. 


GUSTOSAMENTE  FACILITARE  INFORMES. 

HORACE    F.   RUGGLES, 

106  WALL  ST.  NEW  YORK. 


MODELO  FRANCISCO — para   bueyes   solamente 
MODELO   MANATI — con  motor  y  para  bueyes 
MODELO  SAN   RAMON — de   motor  solamente 

HORACE  F.  RUGGLES,  M.E. 

New  York  Habana 

108  WALL  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO    EN   1869 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Active  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursalos 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  St«. 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en   Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espafia  6  Islas  Canaiias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

d    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeroa  en  Libras 

Esterlinas    6   Pesetas,    valederas   estas   sin  descuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la   Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67. 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -     -     -     OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established    1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL     BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the  Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi= 
ness — Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  GONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable   Address,   "Tide,   New   York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9 

P.M. 


10.30 


No.  1 

P.M. 


10.00 

A.M. 

12.06 

4.40 

9.00 
10.55 

5.28 


8.50 

10.20 

P.  M 

1.00 

10.00 
11.00 


P.M. 


No.l7 

P.  M. 


5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 


No.  3 

P.  M. 


3.10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.  M 

3.00 

3.30 


P.M. 


No.  7  No.  5 


A.M. 


10.01 


11.58 
2.18 


4.40 
8.40 


6.45 
P.M. 


A.M. 


7.40 


10.10 
12.33 


3.38 
6.45 


6.40 
8.00 


10.30 
P.  M 


Havana 


Lv.  .  Central  Station .  .Ar. 


,  .Matanzas. 
.  Cardenas . 


.Lv. 
.Lv, 


.  .  Sagua Lv. 

.Caibarien Lv 


Ar.  . .  Santa  Clara.  .  . .  Lv. 
Ar.  .  .  Cienfuegos Lv. 

Ar.  .SanctiSpiritus.  .  .Lv. 

Ar.  .CiegodeAvila.  .  .Lv. 

Ar.  .  .  .Camaguey.  .  .  .  Lv. 

Ar Antilla.  ....  .Lv. 

Ar.  Santiago de Cuba.  Lv. 


No.  2 

A.M. 


7.36 

5.31 
12.45 
P.  M. 
8.00 
5.30 
A.M. 
12.10 


No.18  No.  4 

A.M.  P.  M 


9.13 

6.45 
5.00 

A.M. 


P.M. 
8.25 


7.35 


4.55 
A.M. 
7.40 
6.55  ... 


2.06 


12.00 
9.12 


6.20 


1.55 
P.M. 
11.20 

2.30 
2.00 


A.M. 


P.M. 


No.  8 

P.M. 


6.39 


4.44 
1.05 


12.00 
8.20 


8.00 
A.M. 


No.  6 

P.M. 


9.05 


6.28 
4.25 


1.00 


No.lO 

A.M. 


6.20 


10 


9.15 
8.48 


6.15 

A.M. 


00 

M. 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

From  Havana  to  Berth  Compartment. 

Cienfuegos $3.00  .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00  $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50  10.00 

Antilla 5.00  14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00  14.00 


Drawing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 

THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


U.  S.  Cy. 
Antilla $23.33 


Batabano . 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Ciego  de  Avila . 

Cienfuegos 

Colon 

Guantanamo . . . 
Holguin 


1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines 

Madruga 

Manianillo 

Matanzas , 

Placetas 

RemedioB 

Sagua 

San  Antonio 

Sancti  Spiritus. . . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S.  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class.  ,     .,  tt  ^    r- 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  "WEEK-END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

8endthreeoent«in8tainpsfor"Cuba— A  Winter  Paradiae,"*  beau-    United    RailwaVS    of     HaVaiUi 
tiful  illustrated  booklet  describing   interesting  trips    in  Cuba  to     «-'i"lcu    ivoumajro    wi     aaaTniw 
FRANK  ROBERTS,  General  Passenger  Agent.  Prado,   118,  Havana,   Cuba. 


42 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


S.    F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 
PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET.  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Importacidn    directa    de    todas    los 
centros  manufactureros   del  mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  Yorli  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espaiia 
Independencia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS,  CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 


112 


OF   EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

Wall      Street,      New 


York 

Near   South  Street 

Yard:  56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 

Telephones: 

Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING  ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
PiBRS.  Bridges,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


Wc  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all   classes    of    contracting    work    in    Cuba. 

New  York  Office: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Muiiro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,   New    York 
Telephone,  2492  South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 
Maritime   Ezobanee 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar  Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 
Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  d©  Trabajo 

.4m  in  a  position  to  push  the  sales  of 
American  high  class  products.     Would 
rejrresent  a  first  class  firm. 


APARTADO  102 


CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 


M.  J.  CABANA    "iTEWiV S  ¥ 

p.  O.  Box  3,  Camaguey 

Handles  all  kinds  of  merchandise  either  on  a  com- 
mission basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  east, 
ern  Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoslof 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Michelson 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshipAgents&Ship  Brokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

Cable:    "Benvosco" 


PUnMe  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  veriting  to  Advertiaeri 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


S.S.  MUNAMAR 

NEW  YORK-CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER  AND  FREIGHT 

New  York       AnlUla  Nuevilas        Nuemtas     New  York 

Leave  A7Tive  Arrive  Leave  Arrive 

SS.  "MUNAMAR'.' Oct.    6        Oct.  10        Oct.  12        Oct.  14        Oct.  18 

SS.  "MUXAMAR" Oct.  20        Oct.  24        Oct.  26        Oct.  28        Xov.  1 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

Regular  sailings  for  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagua,  Caibarien,    Pto. 
Padre,  Gibara,  Manati  and  Banes. 

MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

SS.  "MUNISLA"— Havana,  Sagua Oct.  5 

SS,  "TUSCAN"— Havana,  Matanzas Oct.  12 

SS.  "ORKILD" — Caibarien,  Santiago,  Cienfuegos Oct.  16 

SS.  "MUNISLA"— Havana,  Cardenas Oct.  19 

SS.  "TUSCAN"— Havana,  Matanzas Oct.  26 

MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER Oct.  20  for  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario 

BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER October  4  and   18 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports  o 

call  without  pre\'ious  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE     CUBA     REVIE\^ 


Lillie  Multiple   Evaporators 


Model  of    1904-1905 
(Patentedj 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwiasha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July, 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating  tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

W^ILMINGTON,    DEL. 

S.    MORRIS     LILLIE,     President 


The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  Furnished  on  Application 


Representative  for   the   West   Indies 


WALLACE  R.  LEE,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable  Addresses:    "BALDWIN,   PHILADELPHIA,"   "LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


Pleaae  merUion  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertiaen 


THE 

CVBA  REVIEW 


■^:--'  - 


0 


^'"^- 

•^^ 


midyear  OCTOPJEP  1917  10C€ntsACoR]| 
^blished  bythe  MunsonSteamslitp  Line  82-92  Beaver  Street,  Nev^ofk  Gfty 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


LINK -BELT 

Elevators    and    Conveyors 

For   Bagasse,   Sugar,  etc. 

THROUGH    long    years    of    reliable    service,    Link-Belt 
Machinery  has  become   a   recognized   standard    for  the 
handling  of  sugar  cane,  bagasse,  etc.,  from  the   field    to 
the  finished  product. 

Our  engineers  are  specialists  in  designing  sugar  handling 
machinery.  Let  them  work  out  your  problems.  We  make 
no  charge  for  advice,  layouts  or  estimates. 

Link-Belt  Machinery  includes  :  Elevators  and  Conveyors 
for  every  service.  Juice  Strainers,  Bagasse  Carriers  and 
Feeders,  Field  Transfers  for  Sugar  Cane,  Car  Dumpers,  Roller 
Chains,  Link-Belt  Sprocket  Wheels,  Transmission  Machinery, 
etc.,  etc. 

Link-Belt  Company 


299   BROADWAY 


NEW  YORK  CITY 


71  BEAVER  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


JAMES  M.  MOTLEY 

Gerente  del  Departamento  de  Veritas  en  el  Extranjero  de 
THE  WEIR  FROG  COMPANY  CLEVELAND  PUNCH  AND  SHEAR  WORKS  CO. 

PENNSYLVANIA  BOILER  WORKS  DUNCAN,  STEWART  &  CO.,  LTD. 

THE  JOHN  H.  McGOWAN  CO.  STANDARD  WATER  SYSTEMS  CO. 

THE  RAHN-LARMON  CO.  STANDARD  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY  CO. 

Los  productos  de  estas  Fabricas  abarcan: 

Locomotoras  Livianas 
Gruas  sobre  Ruedas 
Garros:    Para  Cafia 
Para  Carga 
Para  Obras  de 
Construccion 
Carriles  y  accesorios 
Via  Portdtil 
Ranas  y  Chuchos 
Puentes  de  Acero 
Edificios  de  Acero 
Maquinas  de  Izar 
Aserraderos 
Calderas 

Mdquinas  &  Vapor 
Mdquinas  &  Petroleo 
Mdqiiinas  d  Gasolina 
Bombas 
Tanques 
Tornos 

Prensas  para  Ruedas 
Mdquinas  para  Taladrar 

Metales 
Acepilladoras  para   Met- 
ales 
Punzones  y  Cizallas  para 

Metales 
Ejes,  Poleas  y  Accesorios 
Trapiches,  Destneniizadoras  y  toda  clase  de  Mdquinaria  para  Ingenios  de  Azucar 
Calentadores  de  Agua  para  Calderas  Alambiques  para  Accua  Evaporadores  de  Serpentines 

Mdquinaria  Frigonfica 
A  solicitud  se  remiten  catdlogos  y  presupuestos. 
Direcci6n  cablegrafica;  JAMOTLEY,  New  York  (Se  usan  todas  las  claves.) 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


r^ARROQ    •'^"'^  TODOS   usos  y  de  todos  tamanos,   de   los  para  cana  con   cuairo     ruedas  y  capa 

V-'/\.*»'l^.V^i3   cidad  de   I'A   toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toneladas 

Hacemos    una    cspecialidad    de   juegos    de    herrajes,    incluyendo    los    juegos 

de  ruedas,  cumpletamente  armados,  con  todas  las  piezas  dc  metal,  y  pianos 

completes    para    co>istrHir    los    carros    d    su    dcstino    de    maderas    del    pais 


r  ^:,           f^mmiir 

'^t^'^''-:''^'^*^'''  i/'^:^^''  '''^'  '    '       -     •'    -  -■-     '^^  .--IJ""-   .  :  -. 

.  :'.     QfT'^:. 

!  ■           .1^'  ..V ^  Vf     )),^  '■      y^.'  '"'■'"w'.''P'r.i»^v'B';t^yi;^?gSy^p^  -'H'^^ 

'  ■ 

RAMAPn  IRON  WORKS.  30  Church  St,.  New  York,  N,  Y,        ""i^J:^^'' 


HOLBROOK   TOWING    LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boilera  Teated  for  Any  Required  Preaaure 

Ph-/3.H--er      §2  BEAVER  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A.      .KafS 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 

SUGARS 


RAW  AND 
REFINED 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 

82  WALL  STREET,   NEW  YORK 

Publishers  of  Daily  and  Weekly   Statistical   Sugar  Trade  Journal— the   recognized   authority  of  the  trad* 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET  ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


1 

■ 

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i 

Hi 

""     J      sL- 

. 

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'            "      ^^^^^^^^'-^    ;--^'''^^^^M^W'»W^p^ 

1 

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El  grabado  ensefia  uno  de  nuestros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  ca&a. 

Tenemos  otros  tapos  de  capacidades  varias  y  hemos  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carros  para  cafia  pars 
USD  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  Am6rica-Central  y  Mdxico,  que  tienen  jaules  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  oon- 
struidaa  para  los  diatintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cafSa. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.U.  A. 

Direoci6n  telegr&fica:    NALLIM,  New  York.  Produccidn  annual  de  mds  de   100,000  carro*. 

Representante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B.  CINTAS,  Oficios  29-31,  Havana. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


FOR    MOLASSEiS    USE    STEEL    TANKS 

BUILT  BY 

HAMMOND    IRON   WORKS 

WARREN,  PA.,  U.S.A. 

We  furnish 

MATERIAL    FABRICATED 
OR  ERECTED  COMPLETE 

Tulsa  Office:    -     -     314  Kennedy  Building 

New  York  Office:  -  2728  Whitehall  BIdg. 

Agents  for  Cuba: 

WONHAM,  BATES  &  GOODE 

Havana,  Cuba 


Insist  upon 
Walker's   "LION"   Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
taUic  "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"Lion"  Brass  Trade  MarkLabels  and  Seals  attached. 

S^iSJIve'Sataiog  Jatties  Walkcf  &  Company,  Ltd. 

27   THAMES   STREET,    NEW    YORK   CITY 

,         Sole  Agent  for  Cuba 

JOSE    I..    VICUAAMIL 

Santa     Clara     2Q,     Havana,     Cuba 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


7  49 
5  45 


AM 


P  M 
5  15 
7  15 


PM 


MIP 


P 
2  55 
4  33 
6  03 

6  18 

7  04 

8  32 
P  M 


M 
2  15 
4  15 


PM 


AM 
10  V 
12  15 


PM 


AM 
6  55 
8  33 

10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


AM 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 
AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .  Ar 

Ar Artemisa Lv 

Ar Paso  Real Lv 

Ar Herradura. Lv 

Ar Pinar  del  Rio Lv. 

Ar Guane Lv 


Fare 
3dol. 
SI.  10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 


AM 
11  09 
9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 
AM 


AM 
11  47 
9  45 


AM 


P  M 
3  49 
1  45 


PM 


P  M 
6  47 
4  45 


6  38 
3  00 
P  M 


P  M 
7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
3  00 
1  30 
P  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arrovo  Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho  Boyeros IS  eta. 

Calabasar 10"       |  Santiago  de  las  Vegas    ....     20   " 

Rincon 25  ct*. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.15  P.  M. 
Last  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

A  RE  on  Bale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
•**■  Rincon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


Pl^se  Mmtion  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  ichen  Writing  to  Advertisers. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 

An  Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92  Beaver  Street,   New  York 


MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 


$1.00  Per  Year 


SUBSCRIPTION 

Advertising  Rates  on  Application 


10  Cents  Single  Copy 


Vol.  XV 


OCTOBER.  1917 


No.  II 


Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — Scene  in  a  Cuban  Mine. 
Frontispiece — Lama  Park,  Bibijagua. 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

Canadian  Lumber i-7       . 

Conditional  Sales fl-  ^^ 

Cuban  ii,xport  Licenses lo,  10 

Kxport  Licenses  for  Small  Shipments  of  Sugar l^j 

Imports  and  ii,xports 28 

Sugar  Lax 1^ 

The  West  Indies  as  an  Export  Held ''' 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Securities ■    ff 

Trattic  Keceipts  of  Cuban  Kailroads 2,  23 

Cuban  Government  Matters: 

Ammunition  l^  actory 8 

Canada  and  Cuba 9 

Chinese ° 

Cuoan  Commission 8.  9 

Cuban  Alint 11 

Cuban  Ports  Company n  ^^ 

Cuban  Hed  Cross 10,  11 

Cuoan  Students 9 

Cyclone 11 

Department  of  Agriculture 12 

Director  of  Commerce 7 

Flies 12 

General  J.  M.  Gomez 12 

Havana  vVater  Supply 9 

Immigration 12 

Liberty  Loan  in  Cuba 9 

.Madame  .Mariana  Seva  de  Menocal  (Portrait) 10 

National  Agricultural  Association S 

National  Defense 7 

Railroad  Subsidy 11 

Railway  Loan 11 

Spanish  Subjects 12 

Sugar  Central  Problems J 

L'nited  States  Postage 9 

Cuban  Mines ^2 

Havana    Correspondence 13,  14 

Havana  Racing 21 

Ploughing  in  Cuba  (Illustrated) 19,  20,  21 

Statistical  Tables  from  "Markets  for  Construction  Materials  and  Machinery  in  Cuba".  .  .23,  24,  25,  26 

Sugar  Industry:  .  „ 

Beet  Sugar  Factories .mo); 

Xn  Insect  Pest  of  the  Sugar  Cane '  oH 

Molasses ■,    ?}^ 

Wallace  Potter  Willett 31,  3^ 

Sugar  Review  (English) 33,  34 

Sugar  Review  (Spanish) 35,  36 

Tariff  changes ,• ^^ 

Trade  PubUcations 1* 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL   ABOUT   CUBA" 

Copyright,   1917,  hy  the  Munson  Steamship  Line 


Volume  XV 


OCTOBER,   1917 


Number   11 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


NATIONAL  DEFENSE 

Details  of  President  Menocal's  plans  for  in- 
creasing the  war  resources  of  Cuba,  follow-ing 
his  appointment  of  a  Cuban  Council  of  Xa- 
tional  Defense,  show  that  the  island  Republic 
will  establish  at  once  a  system  of  "war 
farms"  and  agricultural  zones,  supervised  by 
the  Council,  wherein  the  cultivation  of  needed 
foodstuffs  will  be  supervised  by  the  Cuban 
Government.  This  step,  the  first  of  its  kind 
to  be  taken  in  Latin-America,  is  expected  to 
solve  Cuba's  food  situation,  and  to  release 
steamers  for  the  transportation  of  the  sugar 
crop,  which  is  expected  to  be  the  largest  in 
the  world's  history.  The  text  of  General 
Menocal's  decree,  creating  the  Cuban  Defense 
Council,  shows  Ukewise  that  it  is  a  possibility 
that  armed  Cuban  forces,  both  military  and 
naval,  for  service  in  the  war,  will  be  provided 
in  the  near  future,  under  the  Council's  direc- 
tion. A  fund  of  .S200,000  from  the  Cuban 
treasury  has  been  placed  at  the  council's  dis- 
posal for  expenses,  and  branches  will  be  es- 
tablished throughout  the  Republic,  under  the 
leadership  of  the  provincial  governors  and 
the  mayors. 

In  addition  to  the  quick  mobilization  of 
Cuban  troops  and  war  vessels,  the  Council 
will  take  a  census  of  all  aliens,  and  will  make 
it  impossible  for  any  aUen  enemy  to  enter  the 
land.  The  importation  and  export  of  all 
foodstuffs  is  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Cuban 
Government,  as  well  as  trade  in  petroleum 
and  its  products,  coal,  sugar  bags,  and  other 
necessities. 


.Members  of  the  Council,  so  far  announced, 
are  General  .Jose  .Marti,  Secretary  of  War  and 
Xavy;  Sr.  .Juan  Montalvo,  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  and  Dr.  Eugenie  Sanchez  Agramonte, 
Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce'^and 
Labor.  Legal  and  technical  advisers,  with  a 
staff  of  expert  assistants,  will  be  appointed  to 
work  with  the  Council.  Labor  conditions  will 
be  studied,  and  action  taken  to  stabilize  the 
labor  market  and  to  maintain  equitable  work- 
ing and  wage  conditions. 

In  adchtion  to  enforcing  diversified  agri- 
culture, President  .Menocal  intends  to  see  to  it 
that  the  Cuban  planters  are  provided  with  all 
the  fertilizer  they  need  to  install,  the  new  sys- 
tem of  "war  farms"  throughout  the  Republic. 
"First  consideration  shall  be  given  to  the 
products  of  the  soil  of  the  republic,"  says 
President  Menocal  in  his  decree,  "and  to 
industries  which  assist  in  domestic  and  foreign 
production."  Betterment  of  transportation 
facilities,  and  communications,  and  freight 
economies  by  railways  and  steamship  Unes, 
are  other  matters  which  the  Cuban  Defense 
Council  will  enforce.  The  work  of  the  Coun- 
cil will  begin  immediately,  it  is  announced 
from  Havana,  with  the  aim  of  mobilizing  aU 
the  resources  of  the  Cuban  Government  under 
the  direction  of  experts,  to  aid  Cuba's  allies 
in  the  war. 


DIRECTOR  OF  COMMERCE 
Senor  Paez  has  just  been  appointed  Direc- 
tor of  Commerce  to  assist  General  Agramonte, 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Commerce*and 
Work. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


NATIONAL    AGRICULTURAL    ASSOCIATION 

A  meeting  of  leading  planters  and  land 
owners  at  the  Quinta  de  los  Molinos  was  held 
recently  .to  discuss  the  formation  of  a  Na- 
tional Agricultural  Society,  the  chief  aim 
being  the  promotion  of  diversified  farming  and 
especially  the  production  at  home  of  the  com- 
mon necessaries  of  life,  at  present  so  largely 
imported  from  the  United  States.  Secretary 
of  Agriculture  Sanchez  Agramonte  presided 
at  the  conference  and  pledged  the  cordial 
support  and  co-operation  of  the  Government 
in  the  work  proposed  and  a  committee  com- 
posed of  Senors  Crespo,  Galvino,  Martinez 
Ortiz  and  Garcia  Canizares  was  appointed  to 
draw  up  plans  for  the  proposed  organization, 
to  be  presented  at  the  next  meeting. 


PUBLIC  WORKS 

Colonel  Villaon,  public  works  secretary,  is 
planning  a  general  reconstruction  of  the  build- 
ing now  occupied  by  that  department,  adapt- 
ing the  edifice  to  the  purposes  of  the  work  con- 
ducted in  it  and,  in  general,  bringing  the  build- 
ing up  to  a  level  with  those  occupied  by  the 
other  governmental  departments. 


STUDENTS"  PRIZE 

A  bill  has  been  introduced  into  the  Havana 
City  Council  calling  for  the  appropriation  of 
$1,000,  to  be  devoted  to  a  prize  for  the  en- 
couragement of  studies  among  Havana's  young 
citizenship. 


CHINESE 

The  Cuban  Government  will  restrict  the 
immigration  of  Chinese,  permitting  only 
those  who  are  really  merchants  and  agricul- 
turists to  enter.  As  to  the  Chinese  who  come 
here  as  agricultmists,  only  those  who  are 
contracted  for  by  sugar  planters  will  be  ad- 
mitted and  then  only  in  accord  with  the  new 
immigration  law. 


AMMUNITION   FACTORY 

The  President  of  the  RepubUc,  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  the  Secretary  of  Pubhc  Works,  has 
issued  a  decree  prohibiting  any  concessions 
granting  permission  to  carry  out  works  of 
any  kind  whatever  by  private  parties  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Almendares  River,  as  the  land  is 
needed  for  the  purposes  of  the  State. 

This  will  put  a  stop  to  the  proposition  to 
build  a  bridge  across  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
which  had  as  its  object  the  shortening  of  the 
distance  between  Havana  and  Marianao,  and 
also  the  Playa. 

It  is  said  that  the  reason  of  this  decision  of 
the  Government  is  the  proposed  construction 
of  an  ammunition  factory  for  the  supply  of 
the  Cuban  armed  forces. 


SANTIAGO 


The  City  Council  of  Santiago  de  Cuba  has 
voted  to  appropriate  $16,000  to  be  used  in 
making  street  repairs  in  the  Oriente  capital. 


CUBAN  COMMISSION 

The  Food  Administration  authorizes  the 
following : 

Col.  Jose  Miguel  Tarafa,  Senor  Jose  Ignazio 
Lazama  and  Senor  .Morales,  the  envoys  of  the 
Cuban  Government  sent  to  Washington  by 
President  Menocal,  accompanied  by  Dr. 
Carlos  Manuel  de  Cespedes,  Cuban  minister 
to  the  United  States,  called  upon  Herbert 
Hoover,  United  States  Food  Administrator, 
Sept.  21,  to  discuss  the  question  of  sugar  prices 
for  next  year's  Cuban  crop. 

The  commission  presented  much  informa- 
tion in  regard  to  the  situation  in  Cuba  and  the 
difficulties  at  present  attending  the  produc- 
tion of  sugar  in  Cuba. 

The  United  States  Food  Administrator 
explained  fully  the  position  of  the  United 
States  Government  and  the  alUed  countries 
of  Europe  and  the  views  of  the  Food  Adminis- 
tration  in   detail. 

The  Cuban  commission  expressed  satisfac- 
tion with  the  plans  of  the  Food  Administra- 
tion and  assured  Mr.  Hoover  of  the  desire  of 
the  Cuban  Goverrunent  and  the  Cuban 
planters  to  co-operate  in  every  way  possible, 
and  were  glad  to  be  in  a  position  to  do  their 
share  in  assisting  their  allies  in  providing  the 
largest  amount  of  sugar  possible  at  reasonable 
prices. 

There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  an  en- 
tirely satisfactory  price  to  the  Cuban  planters 
and  the  buyers  of  Cuban  sugar  will  be  arrived 
at. 

On  leaving  the  meeting  the  Cuban  repre- 
sentatives expressed  themselves  as  gratified 


THE    C  U  li  A    II  E  V  I  ?:  W 


CUBAN   GOVERNMENT   MATTERS 


with  the  situation  as  presented  by  Mr.  Hoover. 
At  an  early  date  a  conference  between  the 
International  Sugar  Commission  and  a  large 
body  of  representatives  of  the  Cuban  planters 
will  be  held  either  in  Washington  or  New 
York  to  definitely  agree  on  a  price  that  will 
be  satisfactorv  to  all  concerned. 


LIBERTY   LOAN   IN  CUBA 

The  campaign  in  Cuba  for  the  second  issue 
of  the  Liberty  Loan  closed  on  October  27th. 
Subscriptions  from  the  patriotic  residents  of 
the  Island  Republic  amounted  to  over  .50% 
more  than  the  expected  maximum,  exceeding 
Porto  Rico  and  Hawaii. 

The  Island  of  Cuba  raised  $1,633,550 
for  the  second  Liberty  Loan.  The  final 
revised  returns  include  the  following  sub- 
scriptions : 

Banco  Xacional  de  Cuba,  .f  1,057,650  from 
504  subscribers;  Cvelats  &  Co.,  .S276,100  from 
59  subscribers;  the  Trust  Company  of  Cuba, 
$83,050  from  155  subscribers ;  the  Royal  Bank 
of  Canada,  $73,400  from  107  subscribers;  the 
National  City  Bank,  $59,950  from  131  sub- 
scribers; .Mendoza  &  Co.,  .$56,100  from  63 
subscribers;  Banco  Espanol  de  la  Isla  de 
Cuba,  $15,800  from  44  subscribers;  the  Bank 
of  Nova  Scotia,  $11, -500  from  18  subscribers. 


HAVANA  WATER  SUPPLY 

It  is  reported  that  President  .Menocal  has 
under  consideration  the  advisability  of  sum- 
moning to  Cuba  two  expert  American  engineers 
to  make  a  thorough  study  of  Havana's  water 
supply  situation,  and  report  on  the  measures 
which  they  deem  necessary  to  remedy  condi- 
tions. The  same  engineers,  it  is  said,  will  be 
given  charge  of  the  construction  work  to  be 
undertaken  as  a  result  of  their  reports. 


CANADA  AND  CUBA 

Canada  and  Cuba  are  to  make  a  new  postal 
treaty  which  will  establish  a  parcels  post 
sj'stem  between  the  two  countries. 

The  ratification  of  this  convention  and 
other  measures,  having  as  their  aim  the  es- 
tablishment of  closer  commercial  intercourse 
between  Cuba  and  the  great  British  Dominion, 
are  said  to  be  the  principal  purpose  of  a  recent 
visit  of  Sr.  Perez  Stable,  consul  general  of  the 
Repubhc  of  Cuba  in  Canada. 


SUGAR  CENTRAL  PROBLEMS 

A  meeting  of  leading  sugar  central  owners 
was  held  Sept.  13  in  the  office  of  General 
Sanchez  Agramonte,  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 
The  subjects  discu-ssed  at  the  conference  were 
those  of  the  scarcity  of  sugar  bags  and  the 
shortage  in  farm  labor,  the  central  owners  be- 
ing called  upon  for  aid  and  co-operation  in 
solving  both  problems. 

Secretary  -Vgramonte  told  the  central 
owners  of  the  measures  that  had  been  taken 
to  meet  the  sugar  bag  scarcity,  which  is  be- 
lieved to  have  been  definitely  solved  by  the 
action  of  P*resident  .Menocal  in  chartering 
the  ships  necessary  for  bringing  the  bags  from 
India.  All  the  central  owners  are  called  upon 
to  do  in  connection  with  that  matter,  said 
the  secretary,  is  to  hand  in  to  the  government 
as  soon  as  they  can  the  figures  for  the  number 
of  bags  which  they  will  need. 

The  expected  labor  shortage  for  the  1917- 
1918  crop  engaged  attention  at  the  meeting. 
Ways  and  means  of  meeting  it  were  discussed 
without  any  definite  agreement  being  reached 
as  to  what  measures  could  be  taken. 

Encouragement  of  voluntary  immigration, 
especially  from  the  countries  with  popula- 
tions racially  similar  to  that  of  Cuba,  was 
recommended. 


CUBAN  STUDENTS 

President  Menocal  has,  through  diplomatic 
channels,  asked  the  President  of  the  United 
States  to  declare  exempt  from  mihtary  ser- 
vice all  Cuban  students  who  are  now  at  col- 
lege in  the  L'.  S. 

This  is  on  account  of  the  decree  issued  by 
the  government  of  the  L'nited  States  that  all 
foreigners  who  are  resident  in  that  country 
who  are  of  military  age  and  are  subjects  of 
any  of  the  AUied  countries  must  leave  the 
L'nited  States  within  a  period  of  ninety  days 
or  be  compelled  to  enlist. 


UNITED  STATES  POSTAGE 

L'nder  the  increased  letter  mail  rates  of  the 
L'nited  States  Post  Office,  which  will  go  into 
effect  on  November  2d,  under  the  war  tax, 
the  first-class  rate  to  Cuba  will  be  at  the  rate 
of  3c.  an  ounce  and  fraction  thereof,  instead 
of  2c. 


10 


|T  H  ECC  UBA     REVIEW 


Madame  Mariana  Scva  de  Alenocal,    Wife  of  the  i'resideiit  of  L'uba. 


CUBAN  RED  CROSS 

The  Cuban  Red  Cross  Society,  of  which 
Mme.  ^lariana  .Alenocal,  wife  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  Cuba,  is  chairman,  has  begun  the 
work  of  equipping  a  100-bed  hospital  unit, 
manned  by  a  staff  of  Cuban  physicians  and 
nurses  for  active  service  on  the  western  front 


in  France.  This  enterprise,  which  will  reach 
completion  at  an  earlj-  date,  is  to  be  financed 
by  a  fund  of  .11,000,000  which  Cuban  women 
prominent  in  society  here,  have  set  them- 
selves out  to  raise. 

Announcement  of  the  ambitious  plans  of 
the  Cuban  Red  Cross  followed  a  special  meet- 
ing this  week  in  the  presidential  palace  here. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


11 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


presided  over  by  the  wife  of  the  President, 
and  attended  by  all  the  Cuban  Red  Cross 
directors,  and  representatives  of  various  gov- 
ernment departments  and  the  Cuban  j)ress. 
It  is  realized  that  the  work  of  equipping  such 
a  pretentious  hospital  unit  will  be  regarded 
as  an  ambitious  one,  even  from  standards  set 
in  the  present  war,  but  the  encouragement  the 
Red  Cross  has  received  from  capitalists 
throughout  the  island  republic  and  the  pro- 
gress made  in  assembling  of  equipment  and 
the  training  of  volunteer  workers,  indicates 
that  ere  the  fund  has  been  completed, 
the  imit  will  be  ready  for  service.  Co-opera- 
tion, which  was  recently  inaugurated  between 
the  Cuban  and  American  Red  Cross  officials, 
has  helped  make  this  Cuban  unit  possible. 

With  upwards  of  S100,000  already  in  hand; 
in  advance  of  the  canvass  for  the  million-dollar 
fund,  various  steps,  some  of  them  unusual  in 
this  connection,  are  being  utilized  to  bring 
the  fund  to  a  quick  completion. 

Each  sugar  "ingenio,"  or  plantation  mill, 
in  Cuba,  has  been  asked  to  set  aside  $1,000 
for  the  Red  Cross,  and  many  of  them  already 
have  done  so.  This  in  itself  will  place  the 
fund  well  on  its  way  to  the  aim  set  b}-  the 
Cuban  women.  A  special  drawing  of  the 
Cuban  national  lotte];y  likewise  will  be  held 
before  the  lioUdays  when  a  large  sum  will  be 
added.  A  national  Red  Cross  "tag  day"  to 
be  observed  in  all  parts  of  the  RepubUc,  is 
likewise  planned  and,  according  to  the  an- 
nouncement of  Mme.  Menocal  at  the  meeting, 
workrooms  have  already  been  opened.  In  the 
old  Havana  post  office  a  complete  Red  Cross 
workshop  is  in  operation  with  electrically- 
operated  sewing  macliines,  donated  by  .Mme. 
]VIenocal  and  Senora  Blanca  de  Marti,  wife 
of  the  Cuban  Minister  of  War  and  Navy. 

Representatives  of  the  Cuban  press  have 
donated  space  for  the  enterprise,  and  todaj' 
the  Red  Cross  flag  in  this  city  is  almost  as 
famihar  as  the  national  colors.  Instruction 
in  the  making  of  Red  Cross  material  is  being 
supervised  by  Mrs.  Carlton  R.  Kear,  wife  of 
the  United  States  naval  attache  here,  and 
Mrs.  W.  G.  Ames  of  the  Havana  branch  of 
the  American  Red  Cross. 

The  unexpected  success  attained  in  the 
raising  of  the  fund  of  $1,000,000  has  em- 
phasized the  fact  that  Cubans  of  the  wealthy 
class  have  been  impatient  that  their  country 
should  contribute  more  tangibly  to  the  aUied 


cause,  to  which  Cuba  is  bound,  and  .Mrs. 
Menocal,  as  well  as  prominent  Cuban  finan- 
ciers, that  the  million-dollar  mark  will  be 
passed. 


RAILWAY  LOAN 

It  is  reported  that  the  Cuban  (iovernment 
will  lend  the  diiTerent  railway  companies  of 
the  island  the  sum  of  $5,000,000  for  the  pur- 
pose of  bm-ing  locomotives  and  rolling  stock 
to  meet  the  heavy  demand  for  means  to  con- 
vey the  large  sugar  crop  which  is  expected  this 
year  to  the  United  States  and  other  aUied 
countries. 

In  view  of  thi.s  loan  the  railway  com- 
panies are  sending  orders  to  the  constructors 
of  railway  rolling  stock  in  the  United  States. 
The  Commission  of  Subsistence  has  com- 
municated with  the  American  firms  who  have 
been  favored  with  orders,  requesting  them  to 
hurry  up  the  delivery  as  much  as  possible, 
and  all  except  two  have  promised  to  do  so 
and  will  start  the  work  immediatelv. 


CUBAN  MINT 


Senor  .Montoulieu,  cliief  of  negotiations  for 
the  minting  of  money  for  Cuba,  has  proposed 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  that  a  mint 
shall  be  built  in  Cuba  where  the  Government 
can  coin  its  own  money. 

If  this  mint  is  built,  the  Cuban  Government 
could  also  mint  money  for  any  other  nation 
that  may  desire  to  have  it  done  at  the  Cuban 
mint. 


RAILROAD  SUBSIDY 

By  presidential  decree,  the  sub.sidy  to  the 
Northern  Railway  of  Vuelto  Abajo  has  been 
transferred  to  the  Southwestern  Railway  of 
Cuba,  which  will  build  and  operate  the  road 
to  Bahia  Honda,  Dimas,  Consolacion  del 
Xorte  and  Guane. 


CYCLONE 


The  Provincial  Council  has  unanimously 
voted  the  sum  of  $10,000  to  be  spent  in  assist- 
ing those  who  have  suffered  from  the  recent 
cyclone,  especially  those  who  reside  in  the 
Isle  of  Pines. 


GALVESTON.  TEXAS 

Imports  from  Cuba  year  ended  September 
30,  1917,  amounted  to  $4,309,125.  j 


12 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN    GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


CUBAN  PORTS  COMPANY 

The  long  standing  contest  over  the  bonds  of 
the  Ports  Improvement  Company  of  Cuba  has 
been  settled,  the  report  of  the  committee  ap- 
pointed to  study  the  matter  having  been 
approved  by  President  Menocal.  The  rep- 
resentatives of  the  bondholders  also  have 
agreed  to  the  committee's  report. 

By  the  agreement  the  bondholders  will  re- 
ceive fifteen-year  5%  Cuban  Government 
bonds  in  lieu  of  the  securities  they  now  hold, 
and  they  will  forfeit  all  claims  for  unpaid 
interest.  The  Ports  Improvement  Company 
was  formed  under  a  concession  granted  by  the 
Gomez  Administration  to  clean  and  dredge 
the  ports  of  the  island.  It  was  to  receive  a 
certain  percentage  of  the  revenues  paid  to  the 
Government  on  merchandise  entering  Cuba, 
and  its  $7,000,000  bond  issue  was  sold  princi- 
pally in  the  United  States  and  England.  When 
President  Menocal  entered  offi.ce  he  canceled 
the  concession.  Protests  were  made  and  the 
Cuban  Government  agreed  to  make  some 
provision  for  the  purchasers  of  the  bonds. 


IMMIGRATION 


A  commission  of  the  .Association  of  Land- 
owners of  Cuba  will  present  a  resolution 
adopted  by  them  for  the  augmentation  of  im- 
migration from  the  north  of  Spain  and  the 
Canary  Islands.  The  commission  represents 
seventy  sugar  centrals.  The  resolution  fol- 
lows: 

"Each  member  who  represents  a  central 
will  give  one  thousand  dollars  and  two  and  a 
half  cents  for  each  one  hundred  arrobas  of 
cane  that  is  ground.  As  a  voluntary  gift  they 
will  pay  two  and  a  half  cents  for  each  one 
hundred  arrobas  that  are  grown  by  the  colo- 
nos    (farmers)." 


CLAIM  AGAINST  GOVERNMENT 

The  Havana  Hotel  Company  has_ filed  with 
the  government  a  claim  for  $13,727.33  for^^the 
lands  at  Prado  and  Animas  streets  taken  by 
the  government  in  condemnation  proceedings. 


CONSTANCIA  SUGAR  CO. 

The  Government  has  granted  to  the  Con- 
stancia  Sugar  Co.  a  year's  extension  for  the 
commencement  of  construction  on  the  Jaque- 
ta  dock  at  Caibarien. 


GENERAL  J.  M.  GOMEZ. 

General  Jose  Miguel  Gomez,  who  ^has 
been  confined  in  the  national  penitentiary, 
awaiting  trial  as  chief  of  the  seditious  up- 
rising against  the  Cuban  government  last 
February,  has  been  taken  to  his  country  place, 
Finca  America,  near  Calabazar. 

In  accordance  with  strict  orders  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  Government,  only  the  ex-President's 
immediate  family  are  to  be  permitted  to  see 
him,  and  he  will  remain  in  his  country  resi- 
dence under  guard. 


SPANISH  SUBJECTS 

There  will  be  organized  in  Havana,  Santi- 
ago, Matanzas  and  Cienfuegos  consular  com- 
mittees for  recruiting.  Those  Spaniards 
inscribed  in  Havana  will  have  direct  partici- 
pation in  the  naming  of  two  members  of  the 
committee. 

The  Spanish  government,  by  a  recent  royal 
order,  has  decided  to  organize  in  Havana  and 
in  the  cities  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  Matanzas 
and  Cienfuegos,  consular  committees  for  the 
recruiting  of  Spanish  subjects,  provided  for  in 
Article  17  of  the  existing  law  of  recruiting  in 
the  army. 

Each  of  these  committees  will  be  presided 
over  by  the  Spanish  consul  at  these  towns 
with  six  assistants  each,  consisting  of  two 
from  the  Spanish  Chamber  of  Commerce,  two 
appointed  by  the  Spanish  minister  and  the 
other  two  by  election. 

The  Spanish  government  will  vote  a  credit 
to  pay  the  salaries  of  the  doctors  who  will  be 
employed  in  examining  the  recruits  for  send- 
ing them  to  Spain. — Havana  Post. 


FLIES 

The  Havana  Bureau  of  Sanitation  has 
established  prizes  of  130  and  $20  to  be 
awarded  monthly,  for  the  person  bringing  in 
the  greatest  quantity  of  dead  flies  to  the  office 
of  the  Bureau  of  Disinfection. 

The  contest  wiU  be  conducted  along  the 
most  business-like  lines,  each  aspirant  for 
the  prizes  being  given  a  page  in  the  Disinfec- 
tion Bureau's  Dead  Fly  Ledger,  where  opposite 
his  name  and  date,  the  quantity  of  flies 
brought  in  will  be  indicated. 

The  Kational  Council  of  Sanitation  also 
announces  prizes  for  designs  of  a  simple  and 
efficient  fly  trap. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW  13 


HAVANA  CORRESPONDENCE 


A  matter  of  great  moment  to  Cuba  at  present  is  the  price  which  the  United  States  f'ood 
Administration  will  fix  upon  Cuban  sugar  and  to  which  end  a  commission  representing  the 
Cuban  interests  is  now  in  \N'a.shington  conferring  with  the  American  Covernment. 

President  .Menocal  on  Sept.  20  gave  to  the  Associated  Press  a  statement  embodying  his 
ideas  in  this  connection,  which  is  quoted  below  as  being  very  pertinent  to  the  subject,  for  he 
speaks  not  only  in  his  capacity  as  President  of  the  Republic  l)ut  also  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
sugar  planter  himself: 

"I  am  very  glad  indeed  to  avail  myself  of  this  opportunity  to  express  my  personal  and,  in 
so  far  a  they  reflect  the  feelings  of  the  ('uban  planters  and  producers,  official  views  concerning 
the  sugar  situation. 

In  the  first  place,  there  is  absolutel}'  no  question  but  that,  owing  to  tlie  causes  with  which 
everyone  is  familiar,  the  world  is  faced  with  an  vmdoubtcd  shortage  in  the  available  supply  of 
sugar  and,  upon  Cuba,  at  present  the  most  important  producer  of  that  conunodity  in  the  world, 
falls  the  task  of  making  up  the  deficit. 

We  have  energetically  attacked  tliis  ])roblcm  and  will  be  ready  to  ofi'er  the  coming  year,  as 
a  partial  solution,  a  sugar  crop  greater  than  any  yet  produced  by  any  single  country  in  the 
world.  Sugar  is  today  an  almost  indispensable  commodity,  and  it  is  up  to  us  to  see  that  as 
much  of  it  as  we  can  physically  produce  is  provided  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  I  nited  States 
and  our  other  Allies.  We  want  to  cooperate  with  them  to  the  fullest  extent  within  our  pf)\ver, 
knowing  that,  as  a  matter  of  course,  sacrifices  must  be  made  to  helj)  the  common  cause,  but, 
at  the  same  time,  it  will  nev(>r  do  to  forget  that  the  war  has  completely  changed  the  conditions 
of  three  years  ago,  and  the  almost  incredible  rise  in  the  price  of  raw  materials,  machinery,  labor, 
etc.,  has  more  than  duplicated  the  cost  of  making  a  pound  of  sugar,  even  in  the  largest  and 
best-managed  mills.     Conditions,  too,  will  probably  become  steadily  worse  rather  than  better. 

So  far  as  the  coming  conferences  regarding  control  of  the  price  of  sugar  are  concerned,  1 
am  not  at  all  disturbed.  I  know  that  the  intentions  of  I\ir.  H^oover  and  his  associates  are  of  the 
best,  and  the}-  are  certainly  trying  to  do  what  is  right.  An  instance  of  this  I  find  in  the  price 
set  for  wheat,  which  is  nearly  three  times  that  of  the  average  before  the  war,  in  recognition  of 
the  totally  changed  conditions  prevailing  now.  If  this  is  the  case  with  wheat,  how  much  more 
is  it  so  in  that  of  sugar— an  industry  so  beset  by  difficulties  and  severely  tried  in  different  crises 
that  this  is  the  first  real  opportunity  we  have  had  to  stabilize  and  help  put  it  permanently  on  its 
feet." 

The  other  knotty  questions  in  connection  with  the  coming  sugar  crop  are  the  supplying 
of  field  labor  and  the  furnishing  of  sugar  sacks.  It  is  reported  a  representative  of  the  Japanese 
Government  is  here  to  acertain  what  arrangements  could  be  made  to  import  Japanese  labor. 
.\lso  the  contractor  who  supplied  the  Spanish  labor  for  the  work  on  the  Panama  Canal  is  here 
with  this  same  object  in  view.  The  sugar  sacks  ordinarily  are  imported  directly  from  India, 
but  this  movement  has  been  cut  off  owing  to  war  conditions.  The  Cuban  Government  is  in 
communication  with  both  the  British  and  Ajnerican  authorities  with  a  view  to  securing  their 
assistance  in  this  respect.  Great  Britain  apparently  cannot  spare  ships  to  transport  the  sacks 
from  India,  but  has  requested  Cuba  to  advise  what  contracts  for  these  sacks  are  still  unfilled. 
It  is  also  reported  that  some  Japanese  tonnage  will  be  supplied  for  this  purpose  and  it  is 
further  expected  that  the  United  States  Government  will  furnish  some  ships  to  bring  bags  to 
Cuba. 

There  are  no  new  developments  in  connection  with  the  oil  industry,  although  some  work 
in  well-boring  is  going  on,  but  the  stocks  of  all  companies  have  greatly  declined,  and  it  is  re- 
ported that  a  small  group  of  local  capitalists  are  working  toward  a  consolidation  of  a  few  of  the 
most  promising  companies. 

The  Empresa  Xaviera  de  Cuba,  the  principal  Cuban  steamship  line,  has  transferred  three 
of  its  boats,  namely,  "Purisima  Concepcion,"  "Reina  de  los  Angeles,"  and  "Antinogenes 
Menendez,"  to  the  shipping  company  "L'.Ancre  Francaise." 

The  "Almacenes  de  Deposito  de  la  Habana,"  commonly  known  as  San  Jose  wharves,  were 
recently  sold,  it  is  understood  to  the  interests  controlling  the  various  Cuban  railroads  centering 
at  Havana,  and  this  terminal  property  is  now  operated  under  the  name  of  the  American-Cuban 
Estates  Corporation.  Considerable  repairs  and  improvements  will  be  made,  and  it  is  said  that 
two  new  piers  will  be  built  to  be  used  by  the  Ward  Line,  who  is  alreadj^  discharging  most  of 
its  cargo  boats  there. 


14 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


Rapid  strides  are  being  made  on  the  new  National  Museum  located  on  Carlos  III  Avenue, 
as  it  is  desired  to  have  same  ready  for  opening  on  Oct.  10th,  the  anniversary  of  the  "Grito  de 
Yara."  The  work  is  also  progressing  on  the  new  building  of  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  pre- 
viously referred  to  in  our  reports.  The  National  Bank  of  Cuba  has  purchased  additional  prop- 
erty on  Obispo  Street  and  will  shortly  erect  a  five-story  building  thereon,  thereby  doubling  the 
size  of  their  present  edifice.  There  is  still  a  great  deal  of  building  of  different  classes  going  on, 
notwithstanding  the  high  cost  of  all  kinds  of  building  material. 

The  SS.  "Montpelier,"  the  first  steamer  to  visit  this  port  flying  the  flag  of  the  United 
States  Shipping  Board,  arrived  here  on  Sept.  23,  and  was  formerly  the  German  steamer 
*'Bochum."  She  brought  a  general  cargo  of  Pacific  Coast  products  loaded  at  San  Francisco 
via  the  Panama  Canal. 

There  is  under  consideration  at  the  present  time  a  plan  to  form  a  federal  district  to  in- 
clude Havana  and  suburbs  to  be  administrated  similarly  to  the  District  of  Columbia  in  the 
United  States  and  the  Federal  District  in  Mexico.  This  question  is  expected  to  be  taken  up 
at  the  next  meeting  of  Congress  in  November. 

Treasury  Department  agents  have  been  unusually  active  lately  in  enforcing  the  law  pro- 
hibiting the  exportation  of  gold  from  Cuba,  and  have  discovered  and  confiscated  large  quan- 
tities from  passengers  boarding  the  Spanish  steamers  which  the  latter  had  endeavored  to  con- 
ceal in  many  ingenious  ways. 

The  first  cyclone  of  the  season  passed  over  the  Isle  of  Pines  and  Pinar  del  Rio  Province  on 
Sept.  25th,  doing  a  great  deal  of  damage  to  builcUngs  and  crops,  although  with  practically  no 
loss  of  life.  The  Isle  of  Pines  was  particularly  hard  hit.  The  storm,  which  was  the  worst 
known,  lasted  only  about  three  hours  during  the  afternoon,  but  had  it  continued  longer  as  cus- 
tomary, it  is  reported  there  would  have  been  hardly  a  building  left  standing  on  the  entire 
Island.  Citrus  fruit  groves  were  greatly  damaged,  many  trees  being  completely  raised,  while  it 
is  reported  almost  the  entire  crop  is  on  the  ground  and  will  probably  be  lost,  except  such  fruit 
as  can  be  picked  up  and  sold  for  domestic  consumption.  A  great  many  of  these  groves  were 
rapidly  coming  into  full  bearing,  and  all  indications  pointed  to  a  very  heavy  yield  of  this  crop. 
This  is  especially  true  as  regards  grapefruit,  as  the  Isle  of  Pines  is  noted  for  its  product,  which 
brings  high  market  prices.  The  Cuban  Government  will  extend  aid,  both  financial  and  other- 
wise, to  the  devastated  districts. 


Santiago  Har))or 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


15 


CUBAN  EXPORT  LICENSES 

President  Menocal  has  signed  a  decree 
along  identical  lines  with  that  put  into  effect 
by  the  United  States,  requiring  that  licenses 
shall  be  obtained  from  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment for  tlie  exportation  or  re-<'xportation  of 
many  classes  of  goods,  the  list  of  which  is 
given  in  the  text  of  the  decree  whi(;h  follows: 

Whereas:  The  President  of  the  United 
States  of  North  America,  in  his  proclamation 
of  the  27th  day  of  August  last,  makes  it  known 
to  all  those  that  it  may  concern,  that  public 
security  requires,  except  in  some  circumstances 
and  under  such  regulations  and  orders,  sub- 
ject to  such  limits  and  exceptions  as  the  Presi- 
dent may  prescribe  and  until  Congress  may 
so  order,  the  articles  in  this  proclamation  as 
enumerated  cannot  be,  after  the  30th  day  of 
August  last,  exported,  embarked  or  taken 
from  the  United  States  or  its  territorial  posses- 
sions to  foreign  countries  as  cited,  and  to  this 
effect  designated  an  .Administrative  Com- 
mittee of  l<)xportation,  that  under  his  authori- 
they  execute  that  which  appears  to  be  dis- 
posed in  the  aforesaid  proclamation,  accord- 
ing to  the  regulations,  ord(>rs,  limitations  and 
reservations  of  the  {)ermits  that  result  as 
follows : 

Wherefore,  merchandise  that  is  contracted 
for  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America  now  being  imported  or  of  national 
production,  given  the  necessaries  of  supply 
and  consumption  in  the  interior,  the  fluctua- 
tions of  prices  in  the  markets  and  the  excep- 
tional circumstances  in  which  Cuba  finds  her- 
self with  respect  to  the  neighboring  Republic 
and  the  state  of  war  with  the  German  empire 
must  submit  herself  to  a  similar  regime  as 
that  dictated  in  the  proclamation  before 
mentioned  to  second  the  propositions  that 
may  arise  and  that  may  result  adequate  to  the 
political  situation,  and  to  the  international 
commenie: 

^^'herefo^e,  using  the  powers  granted  by 
the  constitution  and  the  law  in  conjunction 
with  Congress  under  date  of  the  7th  of  April, 
of  the  present  year,  and  at  the  proposal  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury : 

/  resnlvr,  That  authority  to  export  or  re- 
export the  articles  mentioned  below  must 
previously  be  solicited  from  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  the  Secretary  reserving  the 
right  to  concede  or  not  the  permission  re- 
quired according  to  the  details  and  antece- 
dents in  each  case. 

All  classes  of  arms,  canons,  munitions  and 


explosives,  machines  for  their  manufacture 
and  repairs  and  component  parts  of  the  same 
materials  or  ingredients  used  in  their  manu- 
facture and  every  article  necessary  or  con- 
venient for  its  use;  every  means  of  transport 
on  land,  on  sea,  or  in  the  air,  machines  used 
in  their  manufacture  or  repair,  and  their 
component  i)arts;  materials  or  ingredients 
used  in  their  manufacture  and  every  instru- 
ment, article  and  animal  necessary  or  con- 
venient for  their  use;  every  means  of  commun- 
ication, tools,  utensils,  or  instruments,  equip- 
ment, maps,  photographs,  papers  and  other 
articles,  machines  and  documents  necessary 
for  the  carrying  on  of  hostile  operations,  coined 
money,  gold  and  silver  in  bars,  paper  money, 
titles  of  national  del)ts,  metals,  materials, 
dies,  plates  of  metal,  machinery  and  other 
articles  necessary  and  convenient  for  its 
manufacture;  all  classes  of  food  stuffs,  forage, 
materials  and  articles  used  in  its  manufac- 
ture, (ihemical  products,  tanning  matter, 
dyes,  cotton,  wools,  silk,  thread  and  other 
fibers  and  manufactiu-es,  all  earths,  bars 
of  metal,  glass,  sand  and  their  products; 
skins  of  animals  and  their  manufactures,  pro- 
ducts of  animals  and  vegetables  not  eatables, 
machinery  tools,  and  apparatus  equipment 
and  medical  accessories,  surgical  accessories, 
all  laboratories  and  sanitary  accessories;  all 
metals,  minerals,  mineral  oils  and  all  things 
derived  from  them  and  their  manufacture; 
paper  pulp,  books  and  prints,  rubber,  resins, 
tar  or  pitch,  wax,  and  their  products,  derived 
from  and  substitutes  of  all  the  articles  that 
they  contain;  wood  and  its  manufacture, 
coffee,  cocoa,  tea  and  spices,  wines,  liquors, 
mineral  waters  and  beverages  ;  coal, 
coke,  combustible  oils,  lubricants,  lighting 
oils,  naptha,  benzine,  red  oil,  kerosene,  and 
gasoline,  all  classes  of  combustibles;  grain 
foods,  flour,  cornflour,  barley,  rice  flour, 
rice,  oats,  oatmeal,  forage  and  hay,  oil  cake, 
oil  cake  meal,  malt,  peanuts,  oil  of  maize, 
copra,  cocoanut  butter,  fresh  fish,  dried  and 
preserved  fish,  animal  and  vegetable  grease 
whether  they  are  eatable  or  not;  linseed 
oil,  lard,  milk  in  tins,  oil  or  stearine  candles, 
"bluscosa,"  syrup  and  juices;  pig  iron  silica  of 
iron,  ferro-manganese;  ingots  of  steel,  blocks, 
iron  bloom,  sheets  and  plates  of  lamina; 
plates  of  iron  and  steel,  including  those  of 
ships,  boilers,  tanks  and  all  the  other  plates 
of  iron  or  steel,  of  an  eighth  of  an  inch  thick 
and  more,  and  wider  than  six  inches;  iron  and 
steel   moulds  for  structures,   including   iron 


16 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


girders,  gutters,  angles,  tiles,  metal  names  and 
plates,  fabricated  or  shipped  in  an  unfinished 
state;  old  iron  and  old  steel;  manganese  of 
iron,  tool  steel,  steel  of  high  tension,  amalgam 
of  steel  and  iron,  machinery  tools,  materials 
for  hardening  steel;  fertilizers,  including 
stearine  of  cattle  and  sheep,  nitrate  of  soda, 
artificial  fertilizers,  potato  fertilizers,  salts  of 
potassium,  mixed  earths,  potash,  cyanide, 
phosphoric  acid,  rock  phosphate,  super- 
phosphate, chlorate  of  potash,  bone  fertilizer, 
bone  powder,  crushed  bone,  dried  blood, 
ammonia  and  salts  of  ammonia,  acid  phos- 
phates, guano,  hard  wood  ashes,  lampblack, 
anhydrate  of  ammonia,  aeronautical  ma- 
chines and  instruments,  their  parts  and  ac- 
cessories, nitrate  of  potash,  saltpetre  or  nitrate, 
turpentine,  alcohol,  sulphur,  sulphuric  acid 
and  their  salts,  benzol  and  its  products,  car- 
bolic acid  audits  products,  "tolul,"  and  its 
products;  mercury  and  its  salts;  cynaides; 
and  films,  carrier  pigeons  and  other  anti- 
air-craft  instruments,  apparatus  and  accessor- 
ies; every  apparatus  of  wireless  telegraphy  and 
its  accessories,  optical  glasses  and  reflectors, 
soap  and  soap  powders;  every  machine  or 
motor  that  operates  by  steam,  gas,  electricity 
and  other  motive  power  and  their  accessories; 
machinery  for  the  purpose  of  working  in 
wood  or  metals;  caps  for  petroleum  wells,  in- 
struments and  machinery  for  drilUng  petro- 
leum wells  and  their  accessories;  steam- 
boilers,  turbines,  condensers,  pumps  and 
their  accessories,  every  part  of  electrical  ma- 
chines, crucibles  every  "carborundum"  and 
artificial  polishers,  copper,  including  ingots, 
of  copper  bars,  rods,  plates,  tubes,  laminas, 
wires  and  waste  copper;  lead  and  white  lead; 
tin,  brass,  made  up  tins  and  everything  that 
contains  tin;  nickel;  aluminum,  zinc,  graphite 
and  platinum,  paper  for  periodicals,  paper  for 
printing,  wood  pulp,  and  wood  fiber  or  cellu- 
lose, white  ash,  spruce,  walnut,  mahogany, 
oak,  birch  and  diamantes  industrials. 

This  decree  will  become  effective  upon  pub- 
Ucation  in  the  Ojjicial  Ga::ettc,  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  is  authorized  to  dictate 
whatever  orders  he  may  consider  appropriate 
for  the  better  carrying  out  of  the  decree. 

Given  at  the  finca  "El  Chico,"  in  the 
Municipality  of  .Marianao,  the  4th  day  of 
October,    1917. 

(Signed)  M.  G.  MENOCAL, 

President. 
LEOPOLDO  CANCIO, 

Secretary  oj  the  Treasury. 


EXPORT  LICENSES  FOR  SMALL  SHIPMENTS 
OF  SUGAR 

The  War  Trade  Board  has  ascertained  that 
exporters  in  the  United  States  are  in  many 
cases  seeking  to  take  advantage  of  the  regula- 
tion permitting  the  exportation  of  25  barrels 
of  sugar  or  less  in  any  single  shipment  without 
requiring  individual  license?.  It  has  been 
known  for  some  time  that  a  few  exporters  were 
doing  tliis,  and  it  was  thought  that  this 
might  be  prevented  by  calling  the  attention 
of  these  exporters  to  the  fact  that  they  were 
making  themselves  amenable  to  the  law.  The 
practice  has  not  been  discontinued,  and  there- 
fore until  otherwise  ordered  by  the  board,  no 
shipments  of  sugar,  except  those  destined  to 
Canada  and  Newfoundland,  will  be  allowed  to 
leave  the  country  without  a  specific  export 
license  for  each  sliipment. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

A  new  Bureau  has  been  added  to  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  known  as  the  Bureau 
of  Agricultural  Sanitation,  with  a  Bureau 
Chief  drawing  a  salary  of  $3,000  a  year,  be- 
sides subordinate  personnel.  The  new  Bureau 
is  to  take  care  of  the  country's  vegetable  life, 
see  that  no  plant  diseases  are  introduced  into 
the  country  through  importation  of  trees  and 
shrubs  from  abroad,  and  in  general  see  that 
the  country's  vegetable  and  plant  life  are 
kept  in  a  healthy  state. 


SUGAR  TAX 


A  regulation  has  been  drawn  up  to  be  sub- 
mitted first  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  afterwards  to  the  President  for  his  sig- 
nature, to  fix  the  amount  of  the  taxes  to  be 
paid  by  the  sugar  planters  on  the  coming  har- 
vest. 

In  the  regulation  will  be  given  full  direc- 
tions to  the  administrators  of  taxes  in  the  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  RepubUc  where  th?re  are 
sugar  mills  as  to  the  records  that  are  to  be 
kept  of  the  sugar  produced  in  the  localities 
under  their  jurisdiction. 

At  the  end  of  the  harvest  a  general  balance 
will  be  made  of  the  total  production. 


BARACOA 


The  municipal  council  of  Baracoa  has  sub- 
mitted to  the  Department  of  Government  a 
petition  for  an  appropriation  of  $29,269.47  for 
repairing  damage  caused  by  the  recent  insur- 
rection. 


THE    CUBA    K  K  \  I  i:  \V 


17 


18 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


TARIFF  CHANGES 


Circular  No.  19,  Seccion  de  Aduanns. 

Among  the  provisions  of  the  law  of  July  3],  1917,  are  the  following  relating  to  the  collec" 
tion  of  new  taxes  beginning  September  1,  1917:  Cn  cattle  hides,  not  intended  for  tanneries  or 
establishments  manufacturing  leather  articles,  a  tax  of  50c.  per  100  pounds  is  to  be  collected; 
articles  included  under  tariff  numbers  25  and  26  are  subject  to  an  additional  tax  equal  to  the 
amount  of  duty;  for  articles  included  under  tariff  numbers  30  and  297  an  additional  tax  of  25 
per  cent  of  the  duty  is  prescribed.  The  following  extract  from  the  customs  tariff  of  Cuba  shows 
the  articles  affected  by  the  above  provisions  and  the  rates  of  duty  to  which  they  are  subject 
under  the  tariff,  without  the  new  surtaxes: 


Tariff 


297 


-Articles 


Gold  and  platinum,  or  alloys  thereof  in  the  form  of  jewelry,  with 
or  without  precious  stones  or  pearls;  silver  jewelry  with  pre- 
cious stones  or  pearls;  and  precious  stones,  pearls,  and  seed 

pearls  not  set  (net  weight) 

Gold,  platinum,  or  alloys  thereof  in  any  other  form  (net  weight) 

Gold   and   silver  plated  ware  of  all  kinds,  and  jewelry  made  of 

metal,  gold  or  silver  plated,  with  or  without  precious  stones  or 

imitations  thereof 

All  articles  plated  with  gold  or  silver  by  any  process  or  in  any 
proportion,  or  washed  with  silver,  however  slightly.  No.  30. 
Compasses  of  all  kinds,  gold  or  silver  plated.  No.  30. 
Safety  razors  and  steel  blades  for  the  same,  whether  the  lat- 
ter come  witii  the  razors  or  as  extra  parts.  No.  53c.;  when 
gold  or  silver  plated.  No.  30. 
Trinkets  and  ornaments  of  all  kinds  (except  those  of  gold  or  sil- 
ver, gold  or  silver  plated,  and  those  in  which  the  component 
substance  of  chief   value   is   amber,  jet,  tortoise  shell,  coral, 
ivory,  meerschaum,  mother-of-pearl,   horn,  whalebone,  cellu- 
loid, bone,  or  imitations  thereof)  (net  weight) 

Pins  of  iron  or  steel,  with  glass  head,  spherical  or  other- 
wise of  any  color,  No.  297.      


General 
rate 


Per  hecto- 
gram. 
9.375 
350 
Per  rent 
ad  ral. 
32.5 


Per  kilo. 
.S0.975 


Reduction  i      Rate  to 
to  United  lUnited  Stat« 
States 


Per  cent  of 
duty. 
20 


30 


20 


Per    hecto- 
gram. 
7.50 
2.80 
Per  cent 
ad  ral. 
22.75 


Per  kilo. 
80.78 


TRADE  PUBLICATIONS 

Tipple  at  PoiL'halan  in  Pocahontas  Field, 
Book  No.  322,  published  by  the  Link-Belt 
Co.,  Philadelphia,  Chicago,  Indianapolis. 
This  booklet  describes  careful  preparation  of 
coal,  which  is  essential  to  secure  market  ad- 
vantages in  normal  times.  The  installation 
described  is  so  designed  that  almost  any  com- 
bination of  market  sizes  may  be  secured. 

Link-Belt  Electric  Hoists,  Book  No.  246, 
published  by  the  Link-Belt  Co.  This  book 
contains  a  description  of  the  various  types  of 
Link-Belt  electric  hoists,  with  diagrams  show- 
ing their  construction  and  photographs  of 
Link-Belt  hoists  in  action. 

Link-Belt  Sand  and  Gravel  Washery,  Raritan 
Ridge  Clay  Co.,  Metuchen,  N.  J.,  Folder  No, 
340,  published  by  the  Link-Belt  Co. 

Lvik-Belt  Rope  Tramuay  System,  Watson 
Type,  Book  No.  343,  published  by  the  Link- 
Belt  Co. 

Casings  jor  Link-Belt  Silent  Chain  Drives, 
Book  No.  342,  published  by  the  Link-Belt  Co. 


Tank  Bulletin  No.  224,  August  28,  1917. 
In  this  bulletin  the  Walter  A.  Zelnicker 
Supply  Co.,  St.  Louis,  list  special  offerings 
in  pressure  tanks,  storage  tanks,  new  tanks, 
car  tanks,  acid  tanks,  elevated  tanks,  stand 
pipes,  reservoirs  and  vats. 

The  Walter  A.  Zelnicker  Supply  Co.,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  has  issued  Booklet  No.  221, 
which  gives  exceptional  offers  in  rails,  equip>- 
ment,  machinery,  locomotives,  cars,  cranes, 
steel  piling,  tanks,  etc. 

Circular  No.  190,  Caring  for  Cream  on  the 
Farm,  by  H.  A.  Ruehe,  published  by  the 
University  of  Illinois  Agricultural  E.xperiment 
Station,  L^rbana,  111. 

Circular  No.  191,  Care  of  the  Cream  Separa- 
tor, by  H.  A.  Ruehe,  published  by  the  Univer- 
versity  of  Illinois  Agricultiural  Ex-jieriment 
Station,  LTrbana,  111. 

Circular  No.  192,  Why  Cream  Tests  Vary, 
by  H.  A.  Ruehe,  published  by  the  University 
of  Illinois  Agricultural  Ex-periment  Station, 
Urbana,  111. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


19 


PLOUGHING    IN   CUBA 


A  very  interesting  urticle  on  "The  ^^'a,y  they  Plough  in  Cuba"  was  recently  contributed 
by  Mr.  J.  B.  Bartholomew  to  the  Farm  Im-plentenl  News  of  Chicago.     He  says: 

"The  soil  is  heavy  and  naturally  very  hard  to  handle.  Sugar  cane  is  the  principal  crop 
of^the  island,  and  the  system  under  which  it  is  raised  is  very  peculiar,  .\ftcr  the  ground  is 
ploughed  and  furrowed  out,  pieces  of  the  cane  stalk  are  dropped  into  the  furrows,  which  are 
six  feet  apart,  similar  to  the  method  of  planting  potatoes  in  this  (country.     It  grows  up  from  the 


Double-Disc  Plow. 


stalk,  and  within  the  year  is  ready  for  harvesting.  It  is  harvested  by  hand.  The  cane-cutters 
strip  the  leaves  in  the  field,  cut  the  stalks  off  close  to  the  ground,  and  the  stalks  are  carted  away 
to  the  sugar  mills.  This  leaves  the  ground  covered  with  four  to  ssven  inches  of  cane  leaves. 
After  the  cane  is  off,  the  next  thing  is  to  cultivate  the  land  becauss  the  cans  grows  up  again 
from  the  root,  and  does  not  have  to  be  replanted  for  eight  to  twelve  years. 

".Manufacturers  of  cultivating  machinery  will  understand  this  presents  a  very  difficult 
problem.  To  cultivate  this  soil  with  this  blanket  of  cane  leaves  matted  over  it  would  be  physi- 
cally impossible  with  any  American  implement.  They  are  very  much  in  need  of  a  machine  that 
would  do  this,  and  the  Cuban  Government,  I  understand,  has  offered  a  prize  of  $39,000  to 
thejman  who  will  design  and  put  into  practical  operation  a  machine  that  will  cultivate  this  land 
under  these  conditions. 

"The  ploughing  in  Cuba  is  done  principally  with  oxen  and  a  r2-inch  walking  plough.  After 
the  land  has  raised  eight  or  twelve  crops  of  cane  it  is  allowed  to  stand  idle  for  two  or  three  years, 
and  a  native  grass  grows  up  that  is  very  stiff,  with  a  very  heavy  root.  This  is  used  for  pasturing 
stock,  and  during  the  wet  season  they  tramp  the  ground.  When  the  dry  season  comes  it  all 
bakes  together  and  becomes  very  hard.    Ploughing  is  done  in  the  dry  season. 

"As  the  ploughing  is  done  now,  four  oxen  are  generally  used  and  a  r2-in  plough,  and  after 


20 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Center-Breaker  Plow. 


Old  Style  Cuban  Plow. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


21 


it  is  ploughed  one  way  aiui  allowed  to  lie  for  a  few  months,  it  pulverizes  and  slacks  up  a  good 
deal  like  lime,  but  the  surface  is  very  uneven.  It  is  then  ploughc^d  crosswise,  the  second  plough- 
ing being  from  one  to  two  in(!hes  dcH-per  than  the  first.  Sometimes  they  harrow  it  with  a  heavy 
'A'  shaped  harrow  with  1  '  2-inf'h  teeth  before  they  cross  plough  or  i)l()ugh  the  second  time." 


Steam  Plow. 


HAVANA  RACING 


AVOCADO 


H.  D.  Erown,  general  manager  of  the  Orien- 
tal Park  track  at  Havana,  Cuba,  has  an- 
nounced the  plans  for  the  M  inter  season  of 
racing  in  Cuba.  The  season  will  be  longer  in 
duration  than  at  any  time  since  the  opening 
of  the  Havana  track.  It  will  begin  on  Thanks- 
giving Day,  November  29,  and  continue  until 
March  24. 

There  will  be  at  least  93  days  of  racing  and 
possibly  100,  the  latter  contingency  depend- 
ing upon  whether  enough  horses  are  ready  at 
the  beginning  of  the  meeting  to  warrant  racing 
every  day.  If  not,  there  will  be  racing  four 
days  each  week  until  Christmas. 

During  the  holidays  there  wiU  be  racing 
every  day  in  the  week  and  after  New  Year's 
every  day  except  Monday. 


According  to  an  article  in  the  Miami  Me- 
tropolis, the  Florida  cultivation  of  the  avocado 
has  greatly  increased,  and  Florida  growers 
are  expecting  to  be  in  a  position  this  season 
to  ship  fruit  that  wUl  compete  advantageously 
with  the  Cuban  avocado.  Florida  growers 
report  that  the  demand  for  avocados  in  the 
United  States  is  rapidly  increasing. 


CORRECTION 


GASOLINE 


The  Cuha  Review  has  been  informed  that 
the  statement  "It  is  said  to  be  very  much  bet- 
ter than  granulated  sugar  as  it  is  sweeter  than 
granulated  sugar"  (article  entitled  "Invert 
Sugar,"  page  27,  September  issue),  is  incorrect. 
Invert  sugar  has  about  60%  of  the  sweetening 
value  of  granulated  sugar. 


During  September  more  than  a  thousand 
automobiles  in  Havana  were  forced  into  re- 
tirement by  the  action  of  retail  gasoline  dealers 
in  advancing  the  price  from  47  cents  a  gallon 
to$l,  and  in  some  instances  to  $1.20  a  gallon. 


MEXICAN  EMBARGO  ON  SUGAR. 

Presidential  decree,  effective  October  10, 
prohibits  exportation  of  all  grades  sugar  un- 
til fui'ther  notice. — Telegram  from  American 
Vice  Consul,  Mexico  City,  Oct.  11. 


22 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN  FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


THE  PREVAILING  PRICES  FOR  CUBAN  SECURITIES 

.4s  quoted  by  Lawrence  Turnure  &  Co.,  IVew  York. 

Bid  Asked 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 94  96 

Republicof  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 97  99 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 96  97 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  4)^%  Bonds  of  1949 86  87 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 101  105 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 100  104 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock none  85 

Cuba  RaUroad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 none  85 

Cuba  Company  6%  Debenture  Bonds 84  88 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 83  87 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 93  95 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Preferred  Stock 105  110 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Common  Stock 103  107 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100  none 

Cuban- American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 933>4  103 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 145  160 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  CoUateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 100  lOOM 

■Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock 49  52 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  Mtge.  6%  Bonds 90  93 


TRAFFIC  RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN  RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

The  earnings  of  the  Cuba  Railroad  for  the  month  of  August  and  the  first  two 
the  fiscal  year  compare  as  follows: 

1917     1916     1915     1914     1913 

August  gross 1839,815     $558,326     $416,634     $343,487     $360,872 

Expenses 562,920       293,978       219,235       212,039        199,132 


months  of 


1912 
$309,308 
187,996 


August  net $276,895  $264,348  $197,398      $131,447      $161,740 

Other  income 1,386  874         

Jset  income 278,281  265,223        197,398         

Charges 93,886  87,091  72,012         70,195         66,791 


August  .surplus $184,395        178,131  $125,386       $61,251         $94,948 

From  July  \st: 

Two  months' gross $1,583,589  $1,129,818  $836,723      $726,031      $685,059 

Two  months'  net 505,913        522,653  407,480        293,030       297,253 

Other  income 2,524  1,691  

Fixed  charges 188,011        174,440  144,281        140,470        133,583 


Surplus . 


,426     $349,904 


,198     $152,459     $163,669 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  Receipts:  1917  1916  1915  1914  1913 

Weekending  Aug.  18...  .        £37,110  £30,576       £23,298       £18,378       £19,750 
W^eek  ending  Aug  25....           34,381  29,279  24,015  16,735  18,921 

Week  ending  Sept.  1 34,784         32,022         22,990  18,096  19,996 

Week  ending  Sept.  8 34,314         31,280         24,197  19,624  19,680 


$121,313 

66,375 

$54,938 

$643,701 
269,923 

132,750 

$137,173 


1912 
£19,214 
19,122 
20,147 
19,630 


T  H  E    C  U  B  A    II  E  \'  I  E  W  23 


CUBAN    FINANCIAL    MATTERS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 


Weekly  Receipts : 
Week  ending  Aug.  18. 
Week  ciulinfi  Aufj.  25. 
Week  ending  Sept.  1.. 
Week  ending  Sept.  8.. 


Weekli/  Rec'ipt^: 
Week  ending  Aug.  18. 
A\'eek  ending  Aug.  25. 
Week  ending  Sept.  1.. 
Week  ending  Sept.  8.. 


1917 

1916 

1915 

1914 

1913 

£7,261 

£6,068 

£4,652 

£5,487 

£5,791 

6,838 

6,104 

5,107 

5,331 

5,445 

8,119 

6,321 

4,886 

5,172 

5,727 

7,292 

6,317 

4,712 
RAILWAY 

4,722 

5,596 

CUBAN 

CENTRAL 

1917 

1916 

1915 

1914 

1913 

£13,082 

£8,626 

£8,528 

£6,734 

£7,821 

11,854 

8,784 

8,028 

6,532 

6,908 

11,292 

9,761 

7,204 

6,966 

6,589 

1 1 ,080 

9,317 

7,346 

7,038 

6,548 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month  of  August:  1917  1916  1915 

Gross  earnings .$592,461      $513,376      §465,554 

Operating  expenses 269,110        192,546        190,877 

Net  earnings 323,351        320,830       274,677 

INIi.-^eellaneous  income 6,221  8,482  7,622 

Total  net  income $329,571  .$329,311  $282,299 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 217,203  196,695  175,278 

8  Monllis  to  August  31: 

Gross  earnings $4,418,945  $3,899,892  $3,665,433 

Operating  expenses 1,924,883  1,505,065  1,500,467 

Xet  earnings 2,494,062  2,394,827  2,164,966 

Miscellaneous  income 97,404  89,089  68,866 

Total  net  income $2,591,466  $2,483,916  $2,233,832 

Siirplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges $1,575,856  $1,458,514  $1,363,502 


STATISTICAL  TABLES  TAKEN  FROM  "MARKETS  FOR  CONSTRUCTION 
MATERIALS   AND   MACHINERY   IN  CUBA." 


Special  Agents  Series  No.    139. 

Compiled  by  W.  W.  Swing. 

Table  A. — Expenditures  of  the  Department  of  Public  Works  of 
Cuba,  by  Fiscal  Years  Ending  June  30. 

Departments:                                    1911-12           1912-13            1913-14  1914-15            1915-16              Total 

Highways  and  bridges $2,527,895       $1,716,983       $1,540,964  $1,867,0.32       $2,032,206       $9,685,080 

Water  supply,  sewers,  and  mu- 
nicipal engineering 6,653,978         6,257,329         7,631,680  4,731,596         2,374,530       27  649  113 

Lighthouses 96,856              89,462              93,908  123,154            166,541           '569*921 

Rivers  and  harbors 230,2.34            289,648            351,064  86,427            742,979         ],700,'.352 

Water  supply  of  Habana  and 
civil  and  military  construc- 
tions              262,651            411,914            372,525  590,369            684,088         2  321547 

City  of  Habana 1,686,1.30         1,495,803         1,272,277  1,598,672         1,703,031         7,755,'913 

Total $11,457,744     $10,261,139     $11,262,418  $8,997,250       $7,703,.375     $49,681,926 

Table  B. — Length,  Cost,  Earnings,  etc.,  of  the  Public-Service  Lines  of  Cuba. 

Items:                                                                                                   1911-12  1912-13            1913-14           1914-15 

Length  of  line kilometers                3,609  3,803                3,846                3  863 

New  rails  laid tons              19,996  13,114              25,554                   '547 

Ties  laid : 
American : 

Pine number                23,664  46, .334              26,368 

Cypress. ■■                           100  10,731                 7,330                3,933 

Creosted "                        6,538  9, .320              ....                         74 

^H!^*,°~^*'"'^'*'°°'' "                    368,527  426.472            368,352            376,569 

Telegraph  lines : 

Length kilometers         4,171,701  4,700,764         4,307,658         4,713,765 

«'^ire "                 5,460,120  6,081,892         5,756,634         6.591,161 


24 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


Telephone  lines: 

Length "  293,362  294,952  157,502 

Wire "  293,362  311,693  175,093 

Cost  of  road  equipment  and  permanent  imp.  construction .  .  $1,499,098  $7,232,572  $1,635,413 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures 2,258,075  2,142,131  2,004,676 

Earnings: 

Gross 16,918,646  20,354,171  21,122,828 

Net 4,844,589  5,851,577  6,095,444 


214,392 

226,983 

$1,137,340 

2,364,152 

21,824,208 
6,766,064 


Table  C. — Value  of  Iron  and  Steel  and  Their  Manufactures  Imported  Into  Cuba. 

Imported  from:                                                                                      1912                  1913  1914  1915 

United  States $5,012,297       $6,089,116  $4,697,142  $5,451,884. 

Other  countries  in  America 1,278                4,772  688  9  501 

Germany 383,566            391,490  181,929  53,872 

Spain 47,107              57,553  35,683  32,970 

France 168,448            171,352  78,727  60.229 

England 741,061         1,041,608  575,972  353,408 

Other  countries  in  Europe 208,742             397,985  163,932  119,293 

All  other  countries 1,901                      27  144  163 

Total ^ $6,564,400       $8,153,903  $5,734,217  $6,081,320- 

Table  D. — Value  of  Certain  Imports  of  Iron  and  Steel  Products. 

Note. — This  table  includes  imports  of  barbed  wire,  bars  and  beams,  bars  and  rods,  sheets  and  plates,  wire  and 
cables,  iron  and  steel  in  pieces,  tin  plate  in  sheets,  metal  cloth,  pipe  and  fittings,  and  nails. 


Countries: 


Germany 

Belgium 

Spain 

France 

England 

Canada 

Norway 

Netherlands.. .  . 

Austria 

Italy 

Canary  Islands. 

Mexico 

Nicaragua 

Sweden 


1912 

1913 

1914 

191 

5 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

89.003.24  $3,333,039 

98,869.75  $4,162,633 

83,376.97  .$3,313,063 

89,868.67  $3,748,826 

760.66 

59,326 

1,033.22 

73,063 

373.98 

25,886 

22.87 

2,80r 

3,225.54 

119,640 

9,168,36 

273,886 

1,320.81 

62,673 

47.72 

3,312 

19.89 

3,783 

37.23 

4,564 

13.86 

3,272 

39.88 

7,853 

466.26 

33,093 

268.57 

15,133 

81.16 

9,196 

1.83 

2,849 

4,984.16 

255,842 

9,114.14 
12.40 

542,142 
494 

6,021.78 

295,768 

926.54 

78,285- 

1.83 

1,011 

4.22 

567 

74.30 

4,943 

175.25 

13,29* 

19.51 

2,982 

.07 

66 

16.82 

3,104 

1.99 

446 

1.23 

431 

.18 

76 

.06 

6 

.02 

2 

.07 

10 

.86 

25 

72.48 

1,785 

.16 

5 

'  36.36 

6,606 

'26.73 

i.eio 

10.08 

1,399- 

Total. 


5,555.68  $3,810,958  118,535.87  $5,074,525     91,263.18  $3,714,953     91,146.88  $3,868,353^ 


Table  E.- — Imports  of  Portland  Cement  Into  Cuba. 

Note. — The  barrels  given  in  this  table  weigh  180  kilos,  or  400  pounds  gross. 

1912                                   1913  1914 

Imported  from.:                 Barrels.         Value.             Barrels.       Value.  Barrels.       Value. 

United  States 595,530     $1,030,802        794,419  $1,275,090  676,188  $1,205,564 

Germany 360                 450            1,900            3,760  50                 98 

Austria 450            1,005 

Belgium 13,650            17,496          12,583          16,198  4,931            8,196 

Spain 12  24  21  164  

France 26,343            59,395          27,155           69,391  24,190          67,190 

Italy 103                  230                  10                    6  15                  75 

England 3,260            5,687  987            2,323 

Canary  Islands 11                  15 

Total 635,998    $1,108,397        839,348  $1,370,296  706,822  $1,284,466 


1915 
Barrels.       Value. 
561,640  $1,004,963; 


660 
9,790 


1,606 
29,537 


572,090  «1,036,10& 


Table  F. — Imports  of  Rough  Lumber  Into  Cuba. 


Imported  from.: 
United  States. .  .  . 
English  Antilles.  . 

Canada 

Mexico 

Germany 

France 

England 

Norway 

British  India 

Canary  Islands. . . 
Sweden 


Total. 


1912 

1913 

1914 

191 

5 

M  feet. 

Value. 

M  feet. 

Value. 

M  feet. 

Value. 

M  feet. 

Value. 

109,815  $1,900,211 

145,536  $2,643,508 

94,680  $1,614,165 

116,947  $1,793,451 

1,863 

26,649 

1,120 

15,624 

2,617 

24,350 

1,930 

26,246 

14,703 

259,864 

14,931 

243,172 

15,288 

276,195 

7,362 

146,356 

254 

3,227 

i 

"  "  52 

10 

300 

8 

253 

18 

557 

1 

22 

1,392 

19,551 

3,041 

53,349 

574 

7,130 

3,253 

37,898 

1,811 

33,155 

1,039 

18,561 

220 

2,947 

4 

63 

"122 

6,162 

128,037  $2,209,802    166,672  $2,992,123    113,177  $1,922,397    130,654  $2,028,696 


THE    CUBA    R  E  V  I  E  \\- 


25 


Tabic  G. — Imports  of  Pining  Stone  Into  Cuba. 


1912 

1913 

1914 

191 

.-, 

I  nt ported  from: 

Tont^. 

\alu... 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

\  aiue. 

Tons. 

\  aiue. 

United  States 

110 

$1,654 

390 

$5,291 

2,362 

$19,2t)9 

753 

$4,446 

Norway 

22,691 

100,111 

8,730 

82,301 

30,246 

156,190 

17,871 

95,447 

Austria 

2,547 

12,507 

12 
113 

131 
1,038 

Spain 

Total 

22,801 

$101,705 

9,120 

$87,592 

35,280 

$189,195 

18,624 

$99,893 

Table  U. — Imports  of  Plaster  of  Paris  Into  Cuba. 

Xote. — The  barrels  given  in  this  table  weigh  250  pounds  gross. 

1912  1913  19 


19i; 


Imported  from: 

United  States 

'Uermany 

Barrels. 

11,308 

14,381 

23 

61 

21 

Value. 

$15,434 

17,617 

85 

49 

21 

Barrels. 

18,480 

10,919 

58 

io 

179 

Value. 
$22,911 
11,310 
138 

""lO 

281 

Barrels. 

24,391 

8,544 

3 

99 

65 

9 

35 

\'alue. 

$30,009 

10,099 

10 

100 

38 

8 

48 

Barrel.-,. 
31,819 
26 

"  "  65 

\alue. 

$4.>.,096 

.20 

Spain 

li,nglaad 

81 

Canary  Islands 

Total 

25,794 

$33,206 

29,646 

$34,650 

33,146 

$40,378 

31,910 

$48,197 

Table  I. — Imports  of  Ceramic  Tiles  of  all  Kinds  {Indudiny  Glazed  Roofiny  Tiles)  Into  Cuba. 


Imported  from: 

United  States 

Germany 

1912 
Square 

feet.            Value. 
13,750          $3,704 

;             4,686            "712 

600,509          36,086 

2,040               255 

1913 
Square 

feet             Value. 

123,981        $27,822 

14,489            2,748 

7,806            1,641 

1,600,217          90,025 

16,107            1,061 

1914 
Square 

feet.            Value. 

152,869        $36,455 

5,027            1,102 

3,430               733 

1,209,947          97,622 

25,602            1,907 

191 
Square, 
feet. 
223,700 

761,864 

4,091 

120 

.5 

N'alue. 
$30,902 

Spain 

Franee 

50,025 

202 

29 

Total 

620,391        $40,757 

1,762,600      $123,327 

1,396,875      $137,809 

989,775 

$81,158 

Table  J. — Imports  of  Roofiny  Tiles  Into  Cuba. 


1912 


1913 


1914 


1915 


Square 

Square 

Square 

Square 

Imported  from: 

feet. 

Value. 

feet. 

Value. 

feet. 

Value. 

feet. 

V  aiue. 

United  States 

591,635 

$7,623 

27,376 

$5,393 

168,108 

$6,280 

92,570 

$12,099 

Germany 

1,951 

1,158 

Spain 

703,523 

13,899 

1,083,784 

22,042 

761,966 

18,396 

2,059,085 

'57,508 

.  .     2,842,594 

66,818 

2,808,824 
142,091 

83,093 
3,378 

1,804,647 

47,540 

1,110,691 

25,450 

Canary  Islands 

Netherlands 

2,888 

392 

Switzerland 

36,297 

625 

Italy 

346,662 

7,381 

Belgium 

464 

136 

Total 

.  .     4,174.049 

$88,965 

4,064,626 

$115,064 

2,734,721 

$72,216 

3,611,700 

$103,566 

Imported  from: 
United  States. . . . 

Belgium 

Spain 

Italy 

France 

China 


Total. 


Table  K. — Imports  of  Manufactured  Marble  Into  Cuba. 


1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

10 

$338 

0.1 

$100 

117 

$2,963 

4 

50 

14. 

696 

69 

1,523 

109 

3,174 

192 

5,853 

411 

$10,265 

2,373 

62,177 

2,981 

97,325 

3,898 
49 

103,893 
1,896 

.3 

65 

411        $10,265 


2,456        $64,088         3,104.4      $101,360 


4,266      $114,605 


Tabic  L. — Imports  of  Manufactured  Marble  Into  Cuba. 


Imported  from: 
United  States.  .  . 

Germany 

Austria 

Belgium 

Spain 

France 

Italy 

Mexico 

Denmark 

Japan 


1912 

1913 

191-J 

{ 

191 

5 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons.       Value. 

Tons. 

V'alue. 

Tons. 

Value. 

36 

$6,348 

74           $22,809 

4 

$2,067 

92 

$10,319 

1 

161 

1                   316 

.2                  26 

.4 
.1 

170 
16 

.2 

26 

15 

682 

4                   631 

27 

1,423 

134 

1,698 

25.                  768 

o 

1,213 

2.6 

203 

4 

1,924 

6                1,963 

./ 

339 

2.8 

737 

70 

6,327 

529             38,000 

252 
.1 
6 

43,339 

4 

570 

252 

29,517 

.1 

25 

Total. 


260        $17,140 


639.2        $64,513 


295.3        $49,141 


349.7        $40,827 


26 


Total. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


7'abte  M.~I> 

■nports  of  Window  Glass 

Into  Cuba. 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

Imported  from: 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tona. 

Value. 

United  State3 

33 

.S3,2iO 

lOo 

$8,665 

328 

$24,866 

660 

$55,704 

Germany 

61 

3,913 

38 

3,837 

16 

1,814 

Belgium 

43 

2,711 

252 

18,117 

189 

14,423 

7 

465 

.iipain 

0 

115 

.1 

o 

3 

326 

20 

87 

1,907 
5,25o 

27 
201 

1,722 
14,742 

30 
286 

1,905 
24,499 

""89 

Eagland 

7.356 

246        $17,142 


624.1 


$47.C 


849        $67,507 


759        $63,851 


Table  X. — Imports  of  Paint  With  Metallic  Base  Into  Cuba. 


1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

Imported  from: 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

•United  ritates 

..     4,168,749 

$338,299 

5,166,319 

$403,238 

4,349,144 

$347,285 

6,663,620 

$549,846 

Germany 

179,577 

12,791 

135,590 

8,543 

149,350 

9,509 

2,114 

498 

Austria 

238 

11 

1,589 

64 

Belgium 

602,034 

17,893 

822,101 

24,916 

614,711 

25,655 

4,873 

120 

*5pain 

58,545 

3,874 

94,115 

6,679 

73,614 

6,830 

218,968 

10,747 

France 

333,185 

13,381 

165,842 

8,104 

151,510 

7,729 

31,281 

2,950 

Netherlands 

4,452 

714 

24,508 

1,060 

18,271 

567 

18,520 

2,385 

England 

.  .      2,414,837 

191.481 

2,561,321 

211,958 

2,028,218 

159,657 

1,187,513 

112,946 

333 

10 

546 
4,405 

20 
199 

2,422 
13,193 

110 

838 

943 
5,016 

35 

Canada 

601 

Italy 

119 

12 

Turkey 

si 

18 

Total 7,761,950      $578,454     8,976,457      $664,793     7,400,433      $558,180    8,132,879        $80,146 


Imported  from: 
United  States. . .  . 

Germany 

Austria 

Belgium 

■Spain 

France 

England 

Netherlands 


Table  0. — Imports  of  Varnishes  Into  Cuba. 


Gallons. 

68,513 

2,721 

78 

1,450 

656 

2,037 

2,816 


1912 


Value. 

.$56,940 

3,471 

120 

977 

1,392 

2,773 

4,745 


1913 

Gallons. 

82,474 

5,696 

31 

40 


1,537 
6,714 


Value. 

$70,742 

7,434 

12 

27 


1,894 
6,247 


1914 
Gallons. 
64,080 
2,423 


1,511 
4,743 


Value. 

$56,622 

1,791 


1,952 
5,923 


1915 
Gallons        Value. 
73,954        $64,811 


1,930  2,319 

2,007  3,129 

368  310 


Total. 


78,271        $70,418  96,492        $86,356  72,757         $66,288         78,259        $70,569 


Table  P. — Imports  of  Clay  Sewer  Pipe  Into  Cuba. 


Imported  from: 

United  States 

Germany 

1912 
Tons. 
8,158 

306 

Value. 
$99,034 

946 

1913 
Tons.           Value. 
14,413      $210,996 
3                  94 
1,181            5,202 

1914 
Tons.           Value. 
8,389      $109,482 

"l',i80          "8,994 

1915 
Tons. 

4,881 

'  1,676 

Value. 
$71,909 

4,9i7 

Total 

8,464 

$99,980 

15,597      $216,292 

9,569      $118,476 

5,957 

$76,826 

Table  Q. — Imports  of  Lead  Pipe  Into  Cuba. 


Imported  from : 
United  States . . . 

Germany 

Spain 

France 

England 


Total . 


1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Tons. 

Value. 

53. 

$4,658 

126 

$13,423 

67 

$7,665 

174 

$20,975 

.02 

8 

44 

3,669 

100 

.1 

9,656 
25 

11 

1,250 

6 

443 

10 

837 

16 

1,778 

8 

814 

9 

1,119 

107.02 

$9,172 

242.1 

$24,882 

86 

$9,729 

189 

$22,537 

AUTOMOBILES 


During  tlie  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1917, 
tlie  United  States  sliipped  to  Cuba  397  com- 
mercial automobiles,  valued  at  $722,519, 
and  3,529  passenger  automobiles,  valued  at      nent   persons  in  the   Cuban  financial  world 


NEW  BANK   IN  HAVANA 

A  new  banking  institution  will  be  opened  in 
Havana  to  be  called  the  Co-operative  Bank 
of  Cuba.     The  capital  is  $1,000,000.  Promi- 


$2,545,071. 


are  said  to  figure  in  its  directorship. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


27 


CUBAN  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


THE  WEST  INDIES  AS  AN  EXPORT  FIELD 

A  handbook  of  nearly  400  pages  on  Ameri- 
can trade  in  the  West  Indies  has  been  issued 
by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestie  Com- 
merce to  meet  the  present  needs  of  commer- 
cial interests  in  this  country.  Figures  which 
are  given  furnish  evidence  of  the  importance 
of  the  field,  for  it  is  shown  that  more  Ameri- 
can goods  were  sold  to  those  islands  in  1916 
than  to  the  entire  continent  of  South  America. 
Including  Porto  Rico,  they  took  .!;191,19.5,- 
791  worth  of  goods  made  in  the  United 
States  during  the  year,  whereas  the  sum 
total  of  -American  shipments  to  South 
.\merica  was  $177,628,611.  Cuba  alone 
purchased  more  merchandise  than  Argen- 
tina, Brazil,  Bolivia,  Ecuador,  Uruguay  and 
Paraguay  combined.  China,  with  its  400,- 
000,000  population,  purchased  only  one- 
seventh  the  amount  of  American  goods  taken 
by  the  \\'est  Indies.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the 
West  Indies  took  considerably  more  than 
two-thirds  as  much  of  our  goods  as  the  whole 
continent  of  Asia  and  all  the  islands  of  the 
East  Indies.  Thej^  took  more  than  two  and 
one-half  times  as  much  as  Australia,  Kew 
Zealand,  and  the  rest  of  British  Oceania. 
They  took  four  and  one-half  times  as  much  as 
all  Africa.  In  short,  the  islands  constitute 
one  of  the  very  best  markets  for  the  products 
of  American  factories,  fields  and  mines. 

The  Bureau's  report,  which  was  written  bj' 
Special  Agent  Garrard  Harris,  is  entitled 
"The  West  Indies  as  an  Export  Field."  Its 
treatment  of  each  country  and  colony  is  com- 
prehensive, although  the  commercial  point  of 
view  is  never  lost  sight  of.  In  the  section 
devoted  to  Cuba,  for  instance,  there  is  a  brief 
description  of  the  language,  currency,  weights 
and  measures,  postage  and  the  telephones, 
telegraph,  and  wireless  systems.  Then  comes 
a  short  historical  sketch,  following  which 
there  are  chapters  on  location  and  area,  phy- 
sical characteristics,  sanitation  and  health, 
and  population  and  distribution.  Xext  in 
order  is  a  description  of  the  different  prov- 
inces, with  a  sketch  of  the  resources,  indus- 
tries, transportation  facilities,  etc.,  of  each. 
The  other  chapters  relate  to  such  subjects  as 
the  recent  commercial  progress  of  the  countrj-, 
agricultural  products,  fibers,  stock  raising, 
forest    resources,    manufacturing    industries, 


mineral  resources,  mineral  waters  and  baths^ 
labor  and  wages,  rents,  and  living*  expen.ses, 
government  and  education,  courts  and  civil 
laws,  trade-marks  and  patents,  lands  and 
titles,  taxation,  banks  and  banking,  foreign 
trade,  castoms,  tariff,  commercial  travelers 
and  their  samples,  and  concluding  the  sec- 
tion there  is  a  chapter  on  the  outlook  for  the 
future.  Sixty-nine  pages  are  devoted  to 
Cuba  alone. 

Copies  of  "The  West  Indies  as  an  Export 
Field,"  Special  Agents'  Series  Xo.  141,  may 
be  obtained  for  the  nominal  price  of  50  cents 
each  from  the  district  offices  of  the  Bureau  of 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  or  the  Super- 
intendent of  Documents,  Government  Print- 
ing Ofhce,  Washington,  D.  C. 


CONDITIONAL  SALES 

American  manufacturers  are  frequently 
called  upon  to  make  sales  of  their  products  to 
individuals  or  companies  that  are  not  pre- 
pared to  pay  the  full  purchase  price,  and  in 
such  cases  it  is  a  matter  of  great  importance 
to  retain  control  of  the  article  until  all  of  the 
terms  of  the  contract  have  been  satisfied. 
Particularly  is  this  true  of  machinery  and 
other  articles  of  relatively  high  value,  for 
which  the  full  purchase  price  is  ordinarily  not 
immediately  available.  The  practice  com- 
mon in  the  United  States,  whereby  goods  are 
sold  on  the  installment  plan  with  reservation 
of  title  until  the  full  price  has  been  paid,  is, 
however,  not  applicable  in  Cuba,  where  the 
word  "sale"  is  understood  to  mean  a  com- 
plete transfer  of  ownership  in  spite  of  other 
reservations. 

The  plan  which  has  been  followed  success- 
fully by  some  of  the  largest  American  com- 
panies is  to  lease,  or  rent  the  goods  with  an 
understanding  that  the  rent  paid  shall  apply 
on  an  agreed  purchase  price.  \\'hen  this  has 
been  paid  in  full  the  title  passes  to  the  pur- 
chaser. The  underlying  idea  is  that  the  goods 
have  been  rented  for  a  given  period  at  a 
specified  rental  with  the  option  of  purchase  for 
a  certain  amount  at  the  termination  of  the 
lease,  as  opposed  to  a  sale  of  the  goods  with 
the  reservation  of  .some  degree  of  control  by 
the  vendor. 

A  decision  of  considerable  importance  oo 
this  subject  was  recently  rendered  by  one  of 


25 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN   COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


the  criminal  courts  of  Habana,  as  reported  by 
La  Prensa  of  May  12,  1917.  The  defendant 
had  purchased  on  the  installment  plan  fur- 
niture to  the  value  of  $450,  and  before  the 
full  purchase  price  had  been  paid  sold  it  to 
another  dealer,  who  in  turn  resold  it  to  a 
third  person.  Under  the  circumstances,  the 
court  held  that  the  defendant  was  guilty  of 
fraud  and  sentenced  her  to  imprisonment  for 
four  months  and  ordered  the  restitution  of  the 
furniture  to  the  original  owner.  The  case  is 
regarded  as  furnishing  a  valuable  precedent 
for  future  cases  and  as  estabhshing  conclu- 
sively the  legality  and  enforcibility  of  sales 
on  the  installment  plan  (compra-ventas  a 
plazos).  If  this  case  is  consistently  followed 
the  usual  American  form  of  conditional  sales 
would  doubtless  be  applicable,  but  for  the 
present  it  is  advised  that  leases  of  the  kind 
described  above  be  employed. 

For  a  firm  wishing  to  sell  goods  by  means  of 
leases  with  option  of  purchase  it  is  desirable 
to  have  a  representative  in  Cuba  provided 
with  a  power  of  attorney  in  the  proper  form, 
who  can  handle  the  goods  and  enter  into  con- 
tracts for  renting  them  to  prospective  pur- 
chasers.— Vice  Consul  L.  A.  Christy,  Hahana. 


CANADIAN  LUMBER 

"Comparatively  few  persons  in  Canada  rea- 
lize what  a  valuable  asset  we  have  in  our  hard- 
wood forests  of  Eastern  Canada,"  say  Mr. 
J.  C.  Manzer,  Acting  Canadian  Trade  Com- 
missioner in  Cuba.  "The  quantities  of  hard- 
wood burned  every  year  in  the  process  of 
clearing  up  the  land  in  Canada  are  enormous 
and  immense  quantities  of  some  of  our  most 
valuable  woods,  such  as  bird's-eye  maple 
and  curly  birch,  are  being  used  year  after 
year  for  firewood  for  our  houses.  Cabinet- 
makers here  say  that  they  would  be  glad  to 
buy  our  ash,  birch  and  maple  for  the  manufac- 


ture of  furniture,  and  say  also  that  these 
woods  when  made  up  and  polished  make  as 
rich  looking  furniture  as  do  the  southern 
woods. 

"The  price  of  mahogany  and  Cuban  cedar 
is  steadily  advancing,  and  to-day  mahogany 
is  being  sold  by  wholesale  dealers  at  from 
$110  to  $130  per  thousand,  and  cedar  at 
from  $120  to  $140  per  thousand.  Some  of  our 
hardwoods,  such  as  curly  birch  and  bird's-eye 
maple,  would  bring  as  high  a  price  in  Cuba  as 
mahogany  or  cedar,  and  when  a  person  uses 
a  log  of  bird's-eye  maple  or  curly  birch  for  fire 
wood  he  is  probably  using  for  fuel  wood  that 
is  worth  from  $75  to  $100  per  thousand.  In 
cutting  timber  for  fire  wood,  aU  hardwood  logs, 
perfectly  sound,  free  from  knots,  seams  or 
other  blemishes,  that  are  foiuid  to  have  a  par- 
ticularly good  grain,  should  be  put  to  one  side 
to  be  sold  for  manufacturing  purposes,  and 
logs  substituted  for  fuel  that  are  seamy,  hol- 
low, knotty,  or  have  other  defects  that  would 
render  them  of  no  special  value  for  manufac- 
turing purposes. 

"Good  sound  ash,  birch  and  maple  lumber 
is  in  demand  here  for  making  furniture,  and 
will  sell  at  high  prices. 

"This  lumber  should  be  shipped  to  this 
country  in  the  round  log,  as  sawn  hardwood 
lumber  is  liable  to  warp  and  check  when  com- 
ing into  a  hot  country,  which  would  detract 
greatly  from  its  value.  This  lumber  could 
be  shipped  in  carlots  to  Boston  or  New  York 
and  thence  by  steamer  to  Cuba. 


HONEY 


The  British  Minister  at  Havana  reports, 
under  date  11th  May,  that  it  is  roughly  esti- 
mated that  exports  of  honey  from  Cuba  in 
the  year  ended  30th  June,  1916,  amounted  to 
4,000  tons,  as  compared  with  2,200  tons  in 
1914-15,  and  5,600  tons  in  1913-14. 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 

Total  value  of  merchandise  imported  from  and  exported  to  Cuba  during  August,  19l7i 
and  the  8  months  ended  August,  1917,  compared  with  corresponding  periods  of  the  preceding 
year,  have  been  made  pubUc  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce,  as  follows: 

Month  of  August  8  months  ended  August 

1917  1916  1917  1916 

Imports  from  Cuba $22,592,635         $17,738,141       $205,234,682      $193,652,650 

Exports  to  Cuba $17,930,403        $15,623,187      $113,806,297         $98,172,121 


THECUBAREVIEW  29 


AN  INSECT   PEST  OF  THE  SUGAR   CANE 


In  accordance  with  the  order  dated  June  28  from  the  Director  of  Agriculture  to  study  the 
disease  of  sugar  cane  in  the  vicinity  of  Jagiieyal,   I  have  to  report  as  follows: 

There  are  many  spots  of  land  in  the  colonia  of  Sr.  Francisco  Bravo  in  which  the  cane  is 
either  dying  or  dead.  In  some  cases  there  are  stalks  of  cane  three  or  four  feet  high  that  have 
grown  well  for  a  time  as  shown  by  several  long  joints  of  cane,  and  then  have  suffered  some  injury 
so  that  the  upper  joints  are  very  short  and  the  tops  are  dying.  In  all  cases  these  upper  short 
joints  are  thickly  covered  with  mealy-bugs  {Paeudococcus  sacchari)  in  sufficient  numbers  to 
account  for  the  damage. 

All  of  the  stunted  canes,  whether  plant  canes  or  ratoon  canes,  show  aljundance  of  mealy- 
bug at  the  base  of  the  stalks,  and  when  the  stool  is  removed  from  the  ground  it  is  possible  to 
see  the  roots  literally  covered  with  mealy-bugs. 

In  many  places  the  poor  cane  has  been  burnt  off,  the  fields  plowed  and  new  cane  planted. 
Usually  cane  replanted  on  these  infected  areas  fails  to  germinate,  or  if  it  does  germinate  the 
shoots  are  weak  and  do  not  produce  good  cane.  Examination  of  many  seed  that  had  been  in 
the  soil  from  one  week  to  three  weeks  showed  the  buds  covered  with  mealy-bugs  in  number 
sufficient  to  account  for  the  weakening  and  death  of  the  shoots. 

The  mealy-bug  feeds  directly  upon  living  cane,  either  the  roots,  or  the  stalk,  and  obtains 
its  noiu-ishment  by  sucking  out  the  juice  of  the  plant.  A  few  insects  do  not  cause  a  great  deal 
of  injury,  but  large  numbers  as  are  present  in  the  vicinity  of  Central  Jagiieyal  cause  serious 
injury  and  death  to  the  plant. 

The  probability  of  other  factors  contributing  to  this  trouble  were  considered.  Termites 
were  found  in  abundance  in  many  places  among  the  roots  and  in  the  stubble  of  the  cane,  but 
only  in  dead  parts.  A  few  white  grubs  were  found  after  digging  up  the  cepas,  but  there  was  no 
visible  evidence  of  injury  to  the  roots  due  to  these  grubs.  Xo  fungi  were  present  in  any  quantity 
to  render  them  suspected  of  causing  injury  to  healthy  plants.  Soil  conditions  were  equally  as 
good  in  the  infected  areas  as  in  the  non-infected.  The  only  conclusion,  therefore,  that  I  have 
reached  is  that  the  mealy-bugs  alone  are  responsible  for  this  trouble. 

The  extent  of  the  infested  areas  was  not  definitely  ascertained.  Several  spots  of  several 
acres  in  extent  were  seen,  and  there  were  several  small  spots.  This  same  trouble  is  said  to 
exist  not  only  in  the  colonia  of  Sr.  Eravo,  but  also  on  other  colonias  of  Central  Jagiieyal  and  of 
Central  Stewart. 

This  plague  constitutes  by  far  the  most  acute  problem  among  those  relating  to  insect 
injuries  in  sugar  cane  in  the  Island  of  Cuba.  It  absolutely  kills  the  cane,  it  is  distributed 
over  a  wide  area,  appears  to  be  spreading  and  occurs  on  most  excellent  soils. 

It  is  most  assuredly  worthy  of  further  study  to  determine  its  exact  distribution,  and  to 
ascertain  means  of  control.  The  insect  is  one  well  known  in  many  cane  countries  and  there  are 
certain  means  known  to  assist  in  control,  but  no  direct  remedy  or  means  of  eradication. 

I  would  respectfully  recommend  that  the  following  measures  be  taken  immediately : 

(1)  That  an  entomological  assistant  be  detailed  to  make  a  complete  survey  of  the  fields 
about  Central  Jagiieyal  and  Stewart  to  ascertain  the  distribution  of  this  insect. 

(2)  That  exijeriments  be  made  at  Central  Jagiieyal  with  the  view  to  determine  if  possible 
some  poison  with  which  to  cover  the  cane  seed  in  order  to  prevent  the  attack  of  the  mealy-bugs 
on  the  young  shoots. 

(.3)  That  the  Australian  Lady-bird  beetle  (Cryplolaeims  montrauzieri)  be  introduced  into 
Cuba  and  be  disseminated  in  the  fields  to  assist  in  destroying  this  mealy-bug. 

(4)  That  the  mealy-bug  fungus  {Aspergillus  Flavus)  be  developed  in  large  quantities  and 
spread  in  the  infected  fields  to  further  assist  in  the  destruction  of  the  mealy-bug. 

Extract  Jrom  a  letter  to  the  Cuban  Sugar  Cane  Corporation  from  the  Commission  oj  Plant 

Sanitation,  September  14,  1916. 
In  addition  to  the  report  that  you  already  have,  I  will  add  the  following  in  regard  to  this 
"Disease"  in  cane,  due  to  the  mealy-bugs.  In  cane  attacked  by  these  insects  there  is  no  remedy 
other  than  to  burn  the  affected  fields,  which  of  course  is  done  only  in  extreme  cases.  If  a 
field  has  been  abandoned  because  of  this  pest,  it  should  be  plowed,  all  the  trash  burned  and 
maintained  free  from  weeds  at  least  for  a  period  of  two  months.  Cultivating  every  two  weeks 
.should  keep  down  the  weeds  and  stir  up  the  soil  and  expose  the  insects  to  the  sun,  a  proceeding 


30 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


which  will  prevent  the  insects  from  multiplying,  and  will  kill  many.  In  planting  cane,  seed 
should  be  taken  from  the  field  in  a  clean  condition,  before  removing  to  another  field,  so  as  to 
avoid  carrying  the  insects  about.  The  common  ants  contribute  greatly  to  the  spread  of  the 
mealy-bug's,  but  with  the  care  just  described,  they  will  soon  be  exterminated. 

In  case  that  the  infected  area  is  very  extensive  to  treat  in  this  way,  the  worst  field  should 
be  cleaned  up  this  year  and  the  rest  the  following  year,  and  the  practice  of  using  clean  seed 
should  be  followed  in  all  the  fields. 

These  troubles  in  general  have  their  origin  from  the  fact  that  many  individuals  little  expert 
in  colonias  of  cane  make  contracts  with  some  Centrals  promising  to  prepare  a  certain  number 
of  acres  and  these  in  their  turn  contract  with  others  that  they  entrust  directly  with  the  planting 
for  a  sum  less  than  that  they  receive  from  the  Central.  Asa  consequence  the  ones  in  charge  of 
the  planting  do  not  take  pains  with  the  selection  of  the  seeds,  and  from  this  there  results,  if  not 
in  the  first  planting,  often  in  subsequent  crops,  the  appearance  of  pests  and  diseases  that  cause 
enormous  losses  to  the  Centrals  in  their  plantations  and  in  others,  since  the  insects  and  dis- 
eases are  easily  transported  from  one  field  to  another. 

This  report  was  taken  from  Bulletin  No.  1,  April,  1917,  The  Commission  of  Plant 
Sanitation  and  its  Work,  and  was  written  by  the  Pathologist  to  the  Director  of  the  Agro- 
nomic Station,  Havana,  Cuba. 


MOLASSES 

In  all  sugar  plantations,  or  centrals  as  they 
are  called  in  Cuba,  there  always  remains  a 
part  of  the  molasses  produced  from  the  cane 
syrup  which  cannot  be  hardened  and  con- 
verted into  sugar.  This  residue  is  fer- 
mented in  tanks  by  adding  wheat  flour  for 
from  8  to  15  days.  After  fermentation  this 
compound  is  transferred  to  a  distillery  and 
sugar-cane  alcohol  is  produced  at  a  grade  of 
78  to  80  centesimal  degrees  or  its  equivalent 
in  Cartier  of  30  or  32  degrees.  From  3,000 
gallons  of  sugar-cane  molasses  about  690 
gallons  of  alcohol  are  usually  obtained. 

Before  making  use  of  the  alcohol  for  re- 
fined rum,  it  is  allowed  to  ripen  about  three  or 
more  years.  Then  the  pure  liquid  is  run  into 
serpentine  brass  coils  of  a  rectifier  and  after 
passing  through  a  current  of  water,  wliich 
cools  the  vapors,  absolutely  puxe  alcohol  is 
obtained.  WhUe  in  the  rectifier  the  liquid 
often  is  carried  as  high  as  97  or  99  centesimal 
degrees,  equivalent  in  Cartier  to  42  or  43 
degrees. 

When  this  process  is  finished,  the  alcohol  is 
mixed  with  filtered  water  to  reduce  it  to  54 
degrees  and  this  mixture  is  then  passed  two  or 
tliree  times  through  a  series  of  special  filters. 
These  filters  are  hogsheads  made  of  hardwood, 
with  a  capacity  of  about  900  liters,  and  each 
manufacturer  keeps  a  supply  according  to 
his  output. 

The  filter  is  made  with  a  double  bottom  5 
inches  apart.  The  one  on  top  is  full  of  holes 
and  covered  with  a  thick  cloth  which  consti- 
tutes the  filtering  apparatus.  Washed  sand, 
so  clean  that  when  thrown  into  a  glass  of 


water  the  glass  and  water  will  remain  clear, 
is  first  placed  in  the  filter.  This  layer  of  sand 
is  about  5  inches  thick.  On  top  of  this  is 
placed  sterilized  vegetable  coal  with  a  very 
small  portion  of  animal  coal,  both  being  in 
powdered  form. 

The  wood  from  which  the  vegetable  coal  is 
produced  must  be  of  a  certain  kind  and  is 
very  carefully  selected. 

Wlien  the  filters  are  prepared  in  this  man- 
ner the  liquid  alcohol  is  placed  in  them  and 
allowed  to  stand  15  or  20  days  to  cure  itself. 

After  passing  through  these  filters  two  or 
three  times  the  rum  is  placed  in  receptacles 
made  of  oak  and  having  a  capacity  of  from 
4,000  to  5,000  liters  and  is  allowed  to  settle 
four  to  six  months.  Burnt  sugar  is  used  for 
coloring  the  rum.- — Vice-Consul  Frederick  L. 
Herrm,  Santiago  de  Cuba. 


BEET-SUGAR  FACTORIES 

Beet-sugar  interests  in  Salt  Lake  City  con- 
template building  a  .1;1, 000,000  factory  in  the 
shallow-water  belt  of  west  Texas,  at  Plain- 
view  or  Lubbock.  Tests  of  sugar  beets  grown 
in  that  section  show  a  high  saccharine  content. 
Seven  thousand  acres  of  beets  yearly,  assured 
over  a  five-year  period,  will  justify  the  factory. 
Contracts  are  being  made  with  farmers,  and 
should  the  necessary  acreage  not  be  forth- 
coming, the  company  will  ship  beets  to  its 
nearest  factory.  A  Colorado  beet-sugar  com- 
pany is  planning  another  $1,000,000  factory 
to  be  erected  in  the  Rio  Grande  Valley  above 
El  Paso,  or  in  the  vicinity  of  Las  Cruces,  N. 
.Mex. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


31 


WALLACE   POTTER  WILLETT 


Mr.  Wallace  Potter  Willett,  late  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of  Willett  &  Gray,  New  York, 
died  at  his  home  in  East  Orange,  New  Jersey,  October  13,  1917.  Mr.  Willett  was  born  in 
Ipswach,  Mass.,  July  21,  1836.    He  was  educated  at  Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  Mass. 

In  the  death  of  Mr.  Willett,  the  dean  of  the  Sugar  Trade,  lower  Wall  Street  has  seen  the 
passing  of  one  who  held  for  a  longer  number  of  years  than  is  allowed  most  men  a  unique  posi- 
tion. His  great  faculty  of  retaining  in  his  mind  and  compiling  sugar  statistics  was  remarkable, 
and  the  Daily  Sugar  Trade  Journal  and  Weekly  Statistical  Sugar  Trade  Journal,  founded  by 
him  many  years  ago,  have  reached  such  a  high  pinnacle  that  today  they  are  recognized  as  the 
unquestioned  authority  of  the  trade.  As  an  expert  witness  in  sugar  matters  he  was  in  great 
demand  and  had  spent  at  times  as  long  a  period  as  a  week  on  the  witness  stand,  answering,  with- 
out hesitation,  questions  involving  considerable  statistics.     Among  the  various  hearings  at 


32 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


which  he  was  a  prominent  witness  were  on  the  Cuban  Reciprocity  Bill  in  1902,  the  Harkwick 
Hearings  on  the  American  Sugar  Refining  Co.,  and  the  Dissolution  Suit  of  the  American  Sugar 
Refining  Co.,  now  awaiting  a  decision  in  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court. 

In  his  personal  capacity,  Mr.  Willett  had  an  exemplary  character,  with  a  gentle  disposition, 
that  his  partners  in  business  have  never  known  to  have  become  ruffled.  It  can  be  truly  said  of 
him  that  "to  know  him  was  to  love  him." 

It  seems  a  pathetic  coincidence  that  after  a  65  years'  experience  in  the  sugar  trade,  Mr. 
Willett's  passing  should  occur  at  a  time  when  a  world-wide  calamity  should  occasion  the 
necessity  of  regulating  the  supplj',  demand  and  price  of  sugar,  none  of  which  were  thought 
necessary  during  his  lifetime  in  the  business,  although  such  period  included  wars  and  panics. 

During  the  last  few  years,  Mr.  Willett  had  not  been  active  in  the  publishing  of  the  Sugar 
Journals  or  in  carrying  on  the  other  branches  of  the  business  but  had  left  the  handling  of  all 
matters  to  his  junior  partners. — (Abridged)  from  Weekly  Statistical  Sugar  Trade  Journal. 


CUBAN  MINES 

Upon  his  return  to  Baltimore  from  Cuba, 
President  C.  Wilbur  Miller  of  the  Davison 
Chemical  Company,  made  a  report  of  the 
progress  of  the  ore  mining  development  which 
his  company  is  carrying  on  there. 

Mr.  Miller  explained  that  approximately 
6,000  tons  of  ore  could  be  delivered  monthly 
to  the  Davison  plant  at  Curtis  Bay  at  this 
time.  The  thing  that  prevents  immediate  ship- 
ments is  that  the  docking  improvement  plan 
and  the  construction  work  on  the  company's 
railroad  have  not  yet  been  fully  completed  by 
the  contractors.  It  is  expected  that  by  June 
1  next  the  Davison  Company  will  begin  to 
receive  its  supply  of  raw  material  from  the 
Cuban  property. 

"The  work  so  far,"  said  Mr.  Miller  today, 
"is  particularly  gratifying  to  me,  and  only 
those  who  visit  the  property  and  see  what  a 
magnificent  development  we  have  under- 
taken can  reaUy  appreciate  what  it  is  going 
to  mean  to  the  future  of  our  concern.  We 
could  begin  shipping  ore  tomorrow  from  Cuba 
if  our  railroad  were  completed  and  docking 
facilities  were  in  shape  to  take  care  of  boat 
loading.  We  are  building  two  spurs  of  tracks 
into  our  mines,  one  out  of  Cienfuegos  and 
the  other  from  Cumanayagua.  The  con- 
tractors are  hurrying  work  on  both  branches 
and  this  work,  together  with  the  new  docks 
which  are  to  be  utilized  by  our  company  at 
Cienfuegos,  will  be  in  shape  next  summer 
and  by  the  first  of  next  June  the  Davison 
Company  should  be  getting  ore  from  its 
Cuban  mines. 

"Our  properties  will  be  operated  by  elec- 
tricity, to  be  furnished  by  the  Cienfuegos 
Light  and  Power  Company.  This  corpora- 
yon  owns  a  modern  steam  plant  and  is  also 


building  a  large  hydro-electric  plant  up  in 
the  mountains  on  the  other  side  of  our  mines 
and  we  will  have  two  plants  from  which  to 
draw  our  electric  power." 

As  a  result  of  the  Davison  Company's  ac- 
tivities in  the  Cienfuegos  section  a  syndicate 
of  Cuban  bankers  has  been  formed  to  finance 
industrial  enterprises  in  that  part  of  Cuba. 
It  is  claimed  that  the  business  men,  and 
moneyed  interests  especially,  have  welcomed 
the  advent  of  the  Baltimoreans  in  under- 
taking the  development  of  ore  lands  at  the 
expenditure  of  millions  of  dollars  and  are 
beginning  to  realize  that  this  undertaking 
will  give  impetus  to  the  general  development 
of  that  portion  of  the  island. — Baltimore 
{Md.)  Sun. 


MANGANESE  MINE 

In  the  province  of  Oriente  there  has  been 
denounced  a  manganese  mine  by  Seiior  Pedro 
Duany  Mendez,  who  asks  for  the  demarca- 
tion of  100  hectares  of  land  situated  on  the 
estate  named  "La  Pedrera,"  near  the  village 
of    Cuabita. 


SUGAR  PRODUCTION   IN  TAIWAN 

Figures  have  been  compiled  showing  the 
production  of  centrifugal  sugar  in  Taiwan 
for  the  1917  season.  The  amounts  from  the 
several  sugar-manufacturing  companies  in 
pounds  are:  Taiwan,  216,532,207;  Toyo,  138- 
359,314;  Yensuiko,  125,920  246;  Meiji,  118,- 
650,423;  Dai  Nippon,  91,790,089;  Taihoku, 
80,781,654  ;  Niitaka,  67,352,545;  Rin-Hon- 
Gen.,  38,185,952;  Shinko,  13,057,827;  Tainan 
8,109,474;  Taito,  3,138,899;  total,  901,878,630 
pounds. — Consul  M.  D.  Kirjassoff,  Taihoku. 


T  H  E    C  U  B  A    R  E  V  I  E  W  3S 


SUGAR  REVIEW 


Specially  written  for  The  Cuba  Review  by  Willett  &  Oray,  New   York,  N.   Y. 

Out  last  review  for  this  magazine  was  dated  September  6th,  1917. 

On  that  date,  Cuba  centrifUfj;al  sugar  of  96°  test  basis  was  quoted  at  6c.  per  lb.,  cost  and 
freight  to  New  York.  With  the  Food  Administration  in  the  saddle  and  having  reached  agree- 
ments with  beet  sugar  producers  and  the  Eastern  refiners,  and  having  also  requested  the  latter 
to  practically  remain  out  of  the  sugar  market  there  have  been  very  few  fluctuations  in  prices 
paid  for  Cuba  centrifugals.  Everything  is  practically  waiting  for  the  new  Cuban  crop  to 
start  when  conditions  more  like  normal  will  obtain. 

Prices  remained  at  6c.  c.  &  f.  until  the  14th,  when  15,000  bags  were  sold  at  b%c.  c.  &  f. 
and  which  price  prevailed  until  the  24th  of  September^  when  17,000  bags  sold  to  an  operator  at 
6c.  c.  &  f.  followed  by  5,000  bags  on  September  27th,  to  the  Warner  refinery  at  5J^c.  About 
that  time  the  Canadian  refiners  also  secured  some  small  lots  at  5J^c.,  and  on  October  1, 15,000 
bags  sold  to  Warner  at  5Kc.  and  also  10,000  bags  to  the  Canadian  refiners.  Sales  on  October 
3d,  were  of  5,000  bags  at  5>8C.  to  Philadelphia,  and  on  October  4th,  5,000  bags  to  the  Federal 
at  New  York,  all  at  5j^c.  at  which  price  our  report  closes. 

These  sales  reported  during  the  latter  part  of  the  month  were  obtained  under  the  permis- 
sion granted  by  the  Food  Administration  to  allow  refiners  to  only  carry  10  days  supply  of  raw 
sugars  at  their  refineries. 

The  greater  part  of  the  purchases  of  raws  were  to  fill  export  orders  for  our  Allies  (prob- 
ably to  France)  and  also  for  the  American  Army  and  Navy  needs. 

While  there  has  been  a  dull  period  in  the  actual  sugar  trade,  there  have  been  many  other 
interesting  events  occurring  affecting  sugar,  the  greater  part  emanating  from  Washington.  In 
this  connection,  Mr.  Hoover  has  announced  the  following  committees  to  handle  the  sugar 
situation : 

International  Sugar  Commission:  George  M.  Rolph,  Washington;  Earl  D.  Babst,  New 
York;  William  A.  Jamison,  New  York;  Sir  Joseph  White  Todd,  England,  and  John  Ramsey 
Drake,  England. 

National  Sugar  Committee  of  the  United  States  Food  Administration:  George  M.  Rolph, 
Washington;  Earl  D.  Babst,  New  York;  William  A.  Jamison,  New  York. 

American  Refiners  Committee:  C.  A.  Spreckles,  New  York;  James  H.  Post,  New  York;. 
C.  M.  Warner,  New  York;  George  H.  Earle,  Jr.,  Philadelphia;  Dwight  P.  Thomas,  Boston,  and 
alternates,  thereon;  R.  M.  Parker,  New  York;  B.  A.  Oxnard,  Savannah,  and  WilUam  Henderson, 
New  Orleans. 

Beet  Distribution  Committee:  H.  A.  Douglas,  Detroit;  W.  P.  Turner,  Detroit;  E.  C.  Howe, 
Denver;  W.  S.  Petriken,  Denver;  W.  H.  Hannam,  San  Francsico;  S.W.  Sinsheimer,  Huntington 
Beach,  Cal. ;  S.  H.  Love.  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  Government  has  promulgated  orders  that  all  refiners,  beet  sugar  and  cane  sugar  fac- 
tories, not  only  in  the  United  States  proper,  but  also  in  Porto  Rico  and  Hawaii  be  licensed,  and 
each  factory  has  received  such  license  and  is  now  operating  under  same. 

Regarding  the  War  Revenue  Bill,  the  Senate  passed  this  measure  on  September  10th,  with 
various  amendments,  but  eliminating  the  proposed  excise  tax  on  sugar.  The  Bill  then  went  to 
conference  between  the  two  Houses,  and  as  finally  agreed  upon  in  conference,  the  Bill  was  agreed 
to  without  any  provision  affecting  sugar,  by  the  House  of  Representatives  on  October  1st,  and 
by  the  Senate  on  October  2d,  and  was  duly  signed  by  the  President  on  October  3d. 

Importers  of  sugar  were  licensed  at  the  same  time  as  refiners,  and  it  is  announced  today  by 
the  Food  Administration  that  all  wholseale  dealers  and  brokers  will  have  to  take  out  a  license  on 
or  before  November  1,  1917. 

The  exports  embargo  as  regards  sugar,  which  were  xmder  contract  to  go  forward  to  neutral 
countries  of  northern  Europe,  such  as  Holland,  Denmark,  Norway,  Sweden,  Spain  and  Switz- 
erland, have  been  denied.  Exports  to  other  places,  such  as  South  America,  &c.,  have  been  held 
up  temporarily,  although  the  embargo  has  been  somewhat  lifted,  as  regard  sugars  going  for- 
ward to  Allied  Governments,  and  territory  controlled  by  them. 


34 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


The  Cuban  Commission,  consisting  of  Col.  Jose  Miguel  Tarafa,  Senor  Jose  Ignazio  Lazama, 
and  Senor  Morales,  the  envoys  of  the  Cuban  Government  sent  to  Washington  by  President 
Menocal,  accompanied  by  Doctor  Carlos  Manuel  de  Cespedes,  Cuban  Minister  to  the  United 
States,  have  been  in  conference  with  the  United  States  Food  Administration,  and  although  no 
definite  announcement  of  the  outcome  of  this  meeting  has,  as  yet,  come  to  hand,  it  is  under- 
stood that  an  amicable  arrangement  has,  or  will  be  entered  into  to  secure  an  adequate  maxi- 
mum price  for  the  Cuban  new  crop.  In  this  respect,  it  was  announced  today  by  the  United 
States  Food  Administration  that  when  new  crop  conditions  obtain,  it  is  the  expectation  of  the 
Food  Administration  that  conditions  very  nearly  normal  will  exist  and  that  prices  will  fluctuate, 
approaching,  but  not  surpassing,  the  hmit  placed  by  the  United  States  Food  Administration. 

Refined  sugar  has  been  restricted  as  to  sale,  owing  to  scarcity  of  raw  sugars,  and  it  has 
become  more  and  more  difficult  to  buy  refined. 

The  Arbuckle  refinery  has  been  closed  down  for  quite  a  time  now,  and  at  the  first  of 
this  week,  the  large  Havemeyer  and  Elder  refinery  of  the  American  Sugar  Refining  Company 
closed  down  also.  In  the  meantime,  many  refiners  have  withdrawn  from  the  refined  sugar  mar- 
ket as  far  as  new  business  is  concerned,  but  are  closing  out  old  contracts.  Other  refiners  have 
a  small  stock  of  refined  on  hand,  which  they  are  dealing  out  in  a  moderate  way  to  their  regular 
customers. 

The  Food  Administration's  announcement  that  prices  west  of  Chicago  and  St.  Louis 
would  be  7.25c.  less  2%,  Seaboard  cane  basis,  went  into  effect  on  October  1st,  but  owing  to 
scarcity  of  sugar  in  that  section,  prices  are  not  down  to  the  7.25c.  level,  as  yet 

As  regards  New  York,  the  price  of  refined  is  8.40c.  less  2%,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
present  report,  down  to  and  including  the  first  of  October,  when  the  lowest  quotation  was  re- 
duced to  8.35c.  less  2%.  Some  refiners  have  been  from  the  first  of  October  to  date,  maintain- 
ing the  price  slightly  above  this  basis,  but  we  expect  that  very  shortly  all  refiners  will  be  on  the 
same  basis,  or  at  least,  not  above  8.35c.  less  2%. 

WTLLETT  &  GRAY. 

New  York,  N.  Y.,  October  11th,  1917. 


INDIA'S  SUGAR  YIELD 

The  Indian  Department  of  Statistics  has 
issued  its  first  memorandum  on  the  sugar- 
cane crop  of  1917-18,  basing  its  calculations 
upon  reports  received  from  Provinces  that 
contain  95.3  per  cent  of  the  area  under  cane  in 
British  India.  As  given  in  the  Indian  (Gov- 
ernment) Trade  Journal  for  August  24,  the 
total  area  is  estimated  at  2,442,000  acres,  as 
against  2,242,000  acres  a  year  ago,  or  an  in- 
crease of  9  per  cent.  (Madras,  containing 
3.8  per  cent  of  the  total,  has  been  excluded 
from  this  forecast). 

The  present  estimate,  as  compared  with  that 
at  the  corresponding  date  of  last  year,  shows 
an  increase  of  24  per  cent  in  the  Punjab,  15 
per  cent  in  Bombay  and  Sind,  10  per 
cent  in  the  United  Provinces,  and  9  per  cent 
in  the  Central  Provinces  and  Berar.  On  the 
other  hand,  Bengal  and  the  Northwest 
Frontier  Province  show  a  decrease  of  6  per 
■cent  each,  Assam  3  per  cent,  and  Bihar  and 
Orissa  2  per  cent. 

Weather  conditions  at  sowing  time  were 
-favorable,  and  prospects  of  the  crop  are  so 
far    good. 


STATE  SUGAR   IN   ITALY 

The GacetiaUfficiale  published  at  Rome  on 
June  30,  1917,  contains  the  Finance  .Minis- 
ter's decree  increasing  the  price  of  "State 
sugar."  It  provides  that,  beginning  July  1, 
1917,  the  price  at  which  "State  sugar"  shall 
be  sold  to  the  public  shall  be  fixed  at  6.50 
lire  (SI. 25)  per  box,  containing  1  kilo  net 
(2.2  pounds). 

The  recompense  granted  to  title  owners  of 
deposits  where  "State  sugar"  is  distributed 
is  fixed  at  0.25  lire  per  kilo  net,  and  in  con- 
sequence the  selling  price  of  "State  sugar" 
to  the  title  owners  of  the  deposit  is  6.25  lire 
per  net  kilo. 

A  degree  published  in  the  GazetleUfficiale  of 
April  4  fixes  the  price  at  which  saccharine, 
saccharinate  of  sodium,  and  the  so-caUed 
"State"  sugar  may  be  sold  to  the  pubUc  at 
400  lire,  350  lire,  and  5.50  lire  per  net  kilo,  re- 
spectively. (At  normal  exchange  the  lire  is 
worth  19.3  cents,  but  the  New  York  quota- 
tion for  it  on  May  10  was  about  14.2  cents. 
The  kilo  is  equivalent  to  2.2046  pounds 
avoirdupois). — ConsulGeneral  David F.  Wilber, 
Genoa. 


THECUBAREVIE\\'  36 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 


Escrita  espccialmente  pnra  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willelt  k  Gray,  de  Xuevri  York. 

Xucstra  ultima  resena  para  est  a  publicaci6n  estaba  fechada  el  6  de  septiembre  de  1917. 
Fn  esa  fecha,el  azilcar  centriKiifo  de  Cuba,  polarizaci6n  96°,  se  cotizaba  d  fie.  la  libra  costa 
y  flete  hasta  Xucva  York.  Habicndo  cmpezado  a  ejercer  sus  funciones  la  Adriiinistracion  de 
Comestibles  y  habiendo  hecho  arreglos  con  los  productores  de  azucar  de  remolacha  y  con  los 
refinadores  de  la  parte  (jricntal,  y  habicndo  asiniismo  recomendado  a  estos  ultimos  que  se 
mantengan  fuera  del  mercado  de  azucar,  ha  habido  muy  pocas  fluctuaciones  en  los  precios, 
pagados  por  los  azucares  centrifugos  de  Cuba.  Prdcticamente,  todo  estd,  aguardando  a  que 
empiece  la  nueva  zafra  de  Cuba,  cuando  se  obtendrdn  precios  mds  normales. 

Los  precios  peiinanecieron  a  6c.  costo  y  flete  hasta  el  dia  14,  en  que  se  vcndieron  1.5,000  sacos 
de  azucar  6.  5J4c.  costo  y  flete,  cuyo  precio  prcvalecio  hasta  el  24  de  septiembre,  en  cuya  fecha 
se  vcndieron  17,000  sacos  a  un  manipulador  d  6c.  costo  y  flete,  lo  cual  fu6  seguido  por  la  venta 
de  5,000  sacos  el  27  de  septiembre  a  refineria  Warner  d  5%c.  Por  esa  fecha,  los  refinadores  del 
Canadd  consiguicron  tambien  algunos  pequenos  lotes  d  .5j^c.,  y  el  primero  de  octubre  .se  ven- 
dieron  15,000  sacos  d  la  refineria  ^^'arner  d  5>8C.,  asi  como  10,000  sacos  a  los  refinadores  del 
Canadd.  Las  ventas  el  3  de  octubre  fueron  de  5,000  sacos  d  Filadelfia  d  5^0.,  y  el  4  de  octubre. 
5,000  sacos  d  la  refineria  Federal  en  Nueva  York,  todo  d  Sj/gc,  d  cuyo  precio  cierra  esta  resena. 
Fstas  ventas  anunciadas  durante  el  final  del  mes  fueron  obtenidas  bajo  el  permiso  otor- 
gado  por  la  Administracion  de  Comestibles,  permitiendo  d  los  refinadores  que  .solamente. 
tuvieran  existencias  de  azucares  crudos  en  sus  refinerias  para  10  dias 

La  mayor  parte  de  las  compras  de  azucares  crudos  fueron  para  dar  cumplimiento  d  los^ 
pedidos  de  exportaci6n  para  nuestros  aliados  fprobablcmente  Francia),  asi  como  para  las  neces- 
idades  del  ejercito  americano  y  la  marina. 

Aunque  ha  habido  un  periodo  verdaderamente  flojo  en  el  comercio  de  azucar,  han  tenido, 
lugar  muchos  otros  acontecimientos  interesantes  referentes  al  azucar,  la  mayor  parte  pro- 
cedentes  de  Washington.  A  este  respecto,  el  Administrador  de  Comestibles  Mr.  Hoover  ha 
designado  los  siguientes  comites  para  hacerse  cargo  del  asunto  del  azucar: 

Comision  Internacional  del  Azucar:  Jorge  M.  Rolph,  de  Washington;  Earl  D.  Babst,  de. 
Nueva  York;  Guillermo  A.  Jamison,  de  Nueva  York;  Lord  Jose  White  Todd,  de  Inglaterra;  y 
Juan  Ramsey  Drake,  de  Inglaterra. 

Comite  Nacional  del  Azucar  de  la  Administracion  de  Comestibles  de  los  Estados  Unidos: 
Jorge  M.  Rolph,  de  Washington;  Earl D.  Babst,  de  Nueva  York;  y  Guillermo  A.  Jamison,  de. 
Nueva  York. 

Comite  de  los  Refinadores  Americanos:  C.  A.  Spreckels,  de  Nueva  York;  Jaime  H.  Post, 
de  Nueva  Y'ork;  C.  M.  Warner,  de  Nueva  York;  Jorge  H.  Earle,  hijo,  de  Filadelfia;  D wight 
P.  Thomas,  de  Boston;  y  sus  suplentes;  R.  M.  Parker,  de  Nueva  York;  B.  A.  Oxnard,  de. 
Savannah;  y  Guillermo  Henderson,  de  Nueva  Orleans. 

Comite  de  la  Distribucion  de  Azucar  de  Remolacha:  H.  A.  Douglas,  de  Detroit;  ^^'.  P. 
Turner,  de  Detroit;  E.  C.  Howe,  de  Denver;  W.  S.  Petriken,  de  Denver;  W.  H.  Hannam,  de. 
San  Francisco;  S.  W.  Sinsheimer,  de  Huntington  Beach,  Cal.;  y  S.  H.  Love,  de  Salt  Lake  City. 
El  Gobierno  ha  promulgado  6rdenes  para  que  todos  los  refinadores,  y  fdbricas  de  aziicar- 
de  remolacha  y  de  cana,  no  solamente  en  los  Estados  Unidos  sino  tambien  en  Puerto  Rico  y 
Hawaii,  saquen  Hcencia,  y  cada  fdbrica  ha  recibido  dicha  licencia  y  estd  funcionando  ahora, 
bajo  licencia. 

Respecto  al  Proyecto  de  Ley  para  el  Impuesto  de  Guerra,  el  Senado  paso  esta  medida  el  10> 
de  septiembre  con  varias  ermiiendas,  pero  ehminando  la  propuesta  contribuci6n  interna  sobre. 
el  azucar.  El  Proyecto  de  Ley  fue  entonces  sometido  d  conferencia  entre  las  dos  Cdmaras,  y 
segiin  se  convino  finalmente  en  la  conferencia,  fue  acordado  el  Proyecto  de  Ley  sin  estipulacion, 
algima  respecto  al  azucar  por  la  Cdmara  de  Representantes  el  primero  de  octubre,  y  por  el 
Senado  el  2  de  octubre,  siendo  debidamente  firmado  por  el  Presidente  el  3  de  octubre 

A  los  importadores  de  azucar  se  les  expidio  licencia  al  mismo  tiempo  que  d  los  refinadores, 
y  la  Administracion  de  Comestibles  anunci6  hoy  que  todos  los  negociantes  al  por  mayor  y  los, 
corredores  tendran  que  sacar  licencia  el  primero  de  noviembre  6  antes  de  esa  fecha. 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 

El  embargo  6  prohibici6n  de  exportaciones  de  azucar  bajo  contrato  para  ser  expedidas  d, 
los  paises  neutrales  del  Notre  de  Europa,  tales  como  Holanda,  Dinamarca,  Noruega,  Suecia, 
Espana  y  Suiza  ha  sido  denegado.  Las  exportaciones  A  otras  partes,  como  Sur  America,  etc., 
han  sido  suspendidas  provisionalmente,  aunque  el  embargo  respecto  a  azucares  con  destino  a  los 
gobiernos  aliados  y  al  territorio  bajo  su  dominio  se  ha  quebrantado  algo. 

La  Comision  Cubana  que  consiste  del  Coronel  Don  Jose  Miguel  Tarafa,  Sr.  Don  Jos6 
Ignacio  Lasama  y  el  Sr.  Morales,  delegados  del  Gobierno  de  Cuba  y  enviados  d  Washington  por 
el  Presidente  Menocal  y  acompanados  por  el  Doctor  Don  Carlos  Manuel  de  Cespedes,  Minis- 
tro  de  Cuba  en  los  Estados  LTnidos,  han  estado  conferenciando  con  la  Administracion  de 
Comestibles  de  los  Estados  Unidos,  y  aunque  hasta  ahora  no  se  ha  tenido  noticia  de  arreglo 
alguno  definitivo  acerca  del  resultado  de  esta  conferencia,  se  cree  que  se  ha  venido  a  un  acuerdo 
6  se  vendrd  &  un  acuerdo  para  conseguir  un  precio  mdximo  adecuado  para  la  nueva  zafra  de 
Cuba.  En  este  respecto,  la  Administraci6n  de  Comestibles  de  los  Estados  LTnidos  anunci6 
hoy  que  cuando  se  toquen  los  resultados  de  la  nueva  zafra,  dicha  Admimstraci6n  espera  que 
el  estado  del  mercado  sera  casi  normal  y  que  los  precios  podran  fluctuar,  acercandose  pero  no 
sobrepasando  el  limite  fijado  por  la  Administracion  de  Comestibles  de  los  Estados  LTnidos. 

La  venta  de  azucar  refinado  ha  sido  limitada  debidcJ  a  la  escasez  de  azucares  crudos,  y  ha 
sido  cada  vez  mds  dificil  el  poder  comprar  aziicar  refinado. 

La  refineria  de  Arbuckle  ha  estado  cerrada  ya  hace  algiin  tiempo,  y  al  principio  de  esta 
semana  la  refinerla  grande  de  Havemeyer  y  la  refineria  Elder  de  la  American  Sugar  Refining 
Company  tambien  se  cerraron.  Entretanto,  muchas  refinerias  se  han  retirado  del  mercado  de 
azucar  refinado,  en  lo  que  se  refiere  a  nuevas  transacciones,  pero  estdn  finalizando  los  contratos 
antiguos.  Otras  refinerias  tienen  en  manos  pocas  existencias  de  azucar  refinado,  que  estan 
entregando  con  moderacion  a  sus  parroquianos. 

El  aviso  de  la  Administracion  de  Comestibles  de  que  los  precios  del  azucar  al  oeste  de 
Chicago  y  San  Luis  seria  7.25c.  menos  2%,  bajo  la  base  del  azucar  de  cana  en  el  litoral  maritimo, 
se  puso  en  vigor  el  primero  de  octubre,  pero  debido  a  la  esca.sez  de  azucar  en  esa  region 
los  precios  no  han  bajado  aun  al  nivel  de  7.25c. 

Respecto  d  Nueva  York,  el  precio  del  azucar  refinado  es  8.40c.  menos  2%  desde  el  principio 
de  la  presente  resena  hasta  el  primero  de  octubre  inclusive,  en  cuya  fecha  la  cotizaci6n  mds 
baja  se  redujo  a  8.35c.  menos  2%.  Algunos  refinadores  han  estado  manteniendo  el  precio  md.s 
alto  de  esta  base  desde  el  primero  de  octubre  hasta  la  fecha,  pero  esperamos  que  muy  pronto 
todos  los  refinadores  estaran  bajo  la  misma  base,  6  al  menos  a  un  precio  no  mas  alto  de  8.35c. 
menos    2%. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Nueva  York,  octubre  11  de  1917. 

LOUISIANA'S  SUGAR  CROP  MARACAIBO 

Louisiana's  sugar  crop  of  1916,  according  to  The  exports  of  sugar  increased  from  $216,- 

a  canvass  of  factory  reports  just  completed  by  492  during  the  first  six  months  of  1916  to 

the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  of  the  United  $650,736  for  the  same  period  of  1917. 

States  Department  of  Agriculture,  was  607,-  There  have  been  in  existence  in  the  district 

800,000  pounds,  as  compared  with  275,000,000  around  Lake  Maracaibo  a  considerable  num- 

pounds  in  1915,  an  increase  of  332,800,000  ber    of    small  mills  which  produce   a  dark 

pounds.  sugar,  called  papelon,  put  up  in  blocks  simi- 

The  cane  crushed  for  sugar  in  1916  was  lar  to  maple  sugar  in  the  LTnited  States  and 

4,072,000  short  tons,  and  the  average  yield  of  Canada.  Very  Httle  sugar  of  this  kind  appears 

cane  per  acre  was  18  tons.     The  average  in  to  have  been  exported.    After  the  beginning 

1915  was  11  tons  per  acre,  and  a  total  of  2,-  of  the  war  and  the  subsequent  rise  in  prices, 

018,000  tons  was  crushed  for  sugar.  four  factories  were  built  on  the  east  side  of 

The  molasses  resulting  from  the  1916  sugar  Lake  Maracaibo,  80  to  100  miles  from  Mara- 

season    amounted    to  26,154,000  gallons,  as  caibo    City.      These   produce    a    centrifugal 

compared  with   12,743,000  gallons  in   1915.  sugar,  almost  white,  98  to  97  degrees,  which  is 

These   figures   do    not   include   cane   syrup,  being  exported   and  wliich  accounts  for  the 

which  is  made  directly  from  cane   juice,  mo-  recent  heavy  growth  in  the  sugar  exports  to 

lasses  being  a  by-product  of  sugar.  the  LTnited  States. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


37 


Cable   Address  "Turnure" 


New   York— 64-66  Wall   Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Current.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of 
Dividends  and  Interest.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters 
of  Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons,  etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain,  Me.xico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo 
Domingo  and  Central  and  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 

HAVANA — N.   Gelats  y  Ca.  LONDON — The  London  Joint  Stcok  Bank,  Ltd. 

PUERTO  RICO— Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto  Rico.  P<  RIS— Heine  et  Cie. 


Why  do  you  buy  distilled  water  and 
pay  10  cents  per  gallon 

when  you  can,  by  using  one  of  our  No.  70   Laboratory   Stills    for   gas, 

make  purer  water  for  less  than  1   cent 
per  gallon  ? 

Price  of  Laboratory  Still  No.  70    -   $50 


A  copper,  nickel  plated  Druggist  Still, 
with  a  capacity  of  one  gallon  per  hour, 
costs  but  $28.00  or  1-2  gallon  per  hour 
$17.00. 

Booklet  upon  request  giving  full  pdrtirulnrs. 

EIMER  &  AMEND 

Established    1851 

205-211  Third  Ave.,   New  York 

3006  Jenkins  Arcade  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa- 
48  Spark  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE,   R.   I. 
P.  O.   BOX  1241  U.  S.  A, 

We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  propKJsition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


CAR  S 


10-4.81^    GAGE  FLATS— Length  10  ft.  6in. 

Capacity  20,000  lbs. 

28-24  in.    GAGE,   8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom   Gondola 

ALL  STEEL  CONSTRUCTION 

Length  19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10   Tons 
Weight  7,500  lbs. 

FIRST-CLASS     CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe  Flat  Car* 
PROMPT  SHIPMENT  .-.  LOW  PRICE 
RAILS,     LOCOMOTIVES,     CARS 

OF     ALL     KINDS 

'Ljiiir»i/jrj 

WALTER  A,  ZELNICnER  SUPPLY  COMPANY 


38 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


SUGAR    FACTORIES 

Construction  &  Equipment  Corporation 

Designers  and  Constructors  of   Ingenios 
and  Refineries 


NEW  YORK  CITY 
82  Beaver  Street 


HAVANA 
Lonja  Building 


30% 

m&s  de 


Mejor 
extrac- 


PATENTE  PELAEZ 

^  '  Esta  inaaa  puede  colocarse  facilmente  en  cualquier  trapiche,  sea  de  dos  6  tres  mazas.  Machuca  bien  la 
caaa  desmeauzdndola  y  extray§ndole  almismo  tiempo  las  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  guarapo,  dejando  la  cafia  bien 
preparada  para  el  segundo  trapiche.  Ejecuta  todo  el  trabajo  de  una  desmenuzadora  de  primera  clase  y  sin  mds 
gasto  que  cuanio  se  opera  con  una  maza  lisa.  Esta  mazaesde  acero  yseha  sacado  privilegio  para  ella  en  todas 
las  partes  del  mundo  donde  se  cultiva  la  cafia  de  azdoar.  Pues  envienos  un  dibujo  de  la  maza  superior  que  usan 
Uds  asi  que  de  su  eje,  y  les  cotizaremos  precios  bajos  por  una  maza  completa  para  desmenuzar  la  cafia  de  este 
trapiche. 

NEWELL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  149  Broadway,  New  York,  E.  U.  A. 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1  WALL  ST.    NEW  YORK 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.  A.   MERCHANT 
J.  T.  MONAHAN 
CHAS.  F.  PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES     - 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.  Cashier 


Pedro  Pablo   Diago  Guillermo  Carricaburu 

LOUIS    V.    PLACE  CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP    BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,  Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:  "PLAC£" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET        .-.  NEW    YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription    Price  ::         $3.00  a  year 

Write  Today  For  Sam-pie  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Please  mention   THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  writing  to  Adoertisers 


THECUBAREVIEW  39 

POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,  80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL    STATION   from 
5  A.  M.   to  8  P.  M.        Last   train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL  STATION   from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.     La»t  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) $0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Cabafias  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  kinds.     Architectural  Iron  and  Brass 

Castings.     Light  and  Heavy  Forglngs.     All  kfnds  of  Machinery  Supplies. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.  KLINQ,  Prop.  MORTT  F       AI  A 

JAS.  S.  BOGUE,  Supt.  MUDlLt,     ALA. 


THE    AMERICAN    PHOTO    CO. 

PHOTOGRAPHY  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES 

Construction,  Mining  and  Sugar-Mill  Work  a  specialty.  We  are  the  largest,  best 
equipped  and  most  e.xperienced  house  in  Cuba.  Samples  and  estimates  submitted 
upon  request.    Let  us  help  you  make  your  advertisements  convincing. 

HAVANA  OBISPO  70  CUBA 

Telephone,  3.3  Hamilton.  Night  Call,  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:     ".'\biworks  "  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.      Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forgings,  Iron  and  Brass  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,  Oil  Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter  and  Joiner  Work 

I1I27  fMLAY^TREEf^}^^"  Hamilton  Ferry  BROOKLYN,  N,   Y. 

Agents  for  "Kinghorn"  Multiplex  Valve 

Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Advertisers 


40 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE 

TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 

CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  FSTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Correspondence    Solicited   from 
Intending      Investors 

Norman  H.  Davis  -  -  -  -       -  -  -    President 

Oswald  A.  Hornsby  -----  Vice-President 

Claudio  G.  Mendoza     -  -  -  -   Vice-President 

J.  M.  Hopgood  --------        Treasurer 

Rogelio  Carbajal    --------    Secretary 

W.  M.  Wiiitner  -    -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Depart 

P. 

RUIZ 

a 

BROS. 

Engrc 

fvers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

TRA5BORDADORES  de  CANA 
DE  HORACE  F.  RUGGLES.MX. 

NEW    YORK'v  HABAKJA. 


GUSTOSAMENTE  FACILITARE  INFORMES. 

HORACE   F.  RUGGLES, 

106  WALL  ST.  NEW  YORK. 


MODELO  FRANCISCO — para   bueyes   solamente 
MODELO  MANATI — con  motor  y  para  bueyes 
MODELO  SAN   RAMON — ^de   motor  solamente 

HORACE  F.  RUGGLES,  M.E. 

New  York  Habana 

108  WALL  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO   EN  1869 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Activo  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  St». 
Londres,  Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en  Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espafia  6  Islaa  Canajiaa  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancables  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depoaitos 

&    interes  desde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeros  en  Libras 

Esterlinas   6   Pesetas,   valederas   estas   sin  desouento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en   la  Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -     -     -     OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established    1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL    BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the  Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-3 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi- 
ness—Correspondents at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  CONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable   Address,   "Tide,  New   York" 


Please  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  v>ntin(\  to  Advertisers 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9  No.  1  No.l7  No.  3  No.  7  No.  5    » 

P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  P.  M.  A.  M.  A.  M.   2 


10.30 


'7 
A. 

17 
M. 

10.00 

A.  M. 

12.06 

4.40 

9.00 
10.55 

5.28 


8.50 

10.20 

P.  M. 

1.00 

10.00 
11.00 


P.M. 


5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 


3.10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.M. 
3.10 

5.45 

P.M. 

3.00 

3.30 


P.M. 


10.01 


11.58 
2.18 


4.40 
8.40 


6.45 
P.M. 


7.40 


10.10 
12.33 


3.38 
6.45 


6.40 
8.00 


10.30 
P.M. 


Lv.  .  Central  Station.  .Ar. 


,  .  .Matanzas. 
.  .  Cardenas . 


. . . . Sagua 

.  .  .  Caibarien .... 

.  .Santa Clara.  ^  . 
.  .  Cienf  uegoB . . . . 


.Lv. 
.Lv. 


.SanctiSpiritus. 
.Ciegode  Avila. 
.  .  .Camaguey.  . 


.  .Lv. 
.  .Lv. 
.  .Lv. 


Antilla 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


No.  2  No.18  No.  4|No.  SINo.  6  No.lO 

A.M.  A.M.  P.  M.  P.  M.iP.  M.  A.M. 


7.36    9.13 


5.31 
12.45 
P.  M. 
8.00 
5.30 
A.M. 
12.10 


P.M. 
8.25 

7.35 

4.65 

A.M. 

7.40 

6.55 


A.M. 


6.45 

5.00 

A.M. 


2.06 


12.00 
9.12 


6.20 


1.55 
P.M. 
11.20 

2.30 
2.00 


P.M. 


6.39 


4.44 
1.05 


12.00 
8.20 


8.00 
A.M. 


9.05 


6.28 
4.25 


1.00 


9.15 

8.48 


6.16 
A.M. 


6.20 


10.00 
P.M. 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
*  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


From  Havana  to  Berth 

Cienf  uegos $3.00 

Santa  Clara 3.00 

Camaguey 3.50 

Antilla 5.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00 


Compartment. 

is.66 

10.00 
14.00 
14.00 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
SIO.OO 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 

THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


U.  S.  Cy. 
Antilla $23.33 


Batabano . 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Ciego  de  Avila. 

Cienf  uegos 

Colon 

Guantanamo , . . 
Holguin 


1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines 

Madruga 

Manianillo 

Matanzas 

Placetas 

Remedies 

Sagua 

San  Antonio 

Sancti  Spiritus. . . . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S.  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  clasB. 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is. allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Camar 
guey,  Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 

"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  Bale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  less  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Simday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  26%. 

SPECIAL  "WEEK-END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA   TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

Send  three  cents  in  itampa  for  "Cuba— A  Winter  Paradise,"  •  be»u-    IJnifAfl    Railuravc    nf     Havana 
tiful  illustrated  booklet  describing   interesting  trips'  in  Cuba  to     WHIieu    IVOUWajTS    Ul     liaTMW 

FRANK  ROBERTS,  Ganaral  Passangar  Ac«nt.  Prado,   118,  Havana,   Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET,  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Importacidn    directa    de    todas    los 
centros  manufactureros  del  mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  Yorli  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
de  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espana 
Independencia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS.  CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

COAL,     WOOD,     LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 

OF   EVERY    DESCRIPTION 

112     Wall      Street,     New     York 

Near   South  Street 

Yard:  56-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 

Telephones : 

Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING  ENGINEERS 

STBBL    AND    MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
Pisms.  Bridobs,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


W«  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

on   all   classes   of   contracting    work   in    Cuba. 

New  York  Office: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Mimro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,   New    York 
Telephone,  2492  South 


Telephona 
215  Hamilton 


Box  180 
Maritime   Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar  Makers. 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

Especialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  push  the  sales  of 
American  high  class  products.     Would 
represent  a  first  class  firm. 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 


SSION 
RANT 


M.  J.  CABANA    ^u'^^nVi 

p.  O.  Box  3,  Camaguey 

Handles  all  kinds  of  merchandise  either  on  a  com- 
mission basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  (stt 
ern  Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoslef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Michelson 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshipAgents&ShipBrokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

Cable:    "Benvosco" 


Plea»e  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  AdverH$er» 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


S.S.  MUNAMAR 


NEW  YORK-CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER  AND  FREIGHT 

Neiv  York       Ant  Hid          Niievitas  Nuevilas  Netv  York 

Leave             Arrive            Arrive             Leave  Arrive 

SS.  "MUNAMAR" Nov.    10         Nov.    14         No.v    16  Nov.    13  Nov.     22 

SS.  "MUNAMAR" Nov.    24         Nov.    28         Nov.    30  Dec.      2  Dec.      6 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

Regular  sailings  for  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagua,  Caibarien,    Pto. 
Padre,  Gibara,  Manati  and  Banes. 


MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

SS.  "MUNISLA" ...Havana,  Sagua. Nov.  2 

SS.  "TUSCAN" Havana,  Matanaz Nov.  9 

A  STEAMER Caibarien,  Santiago,  Cienfuegos Nov.  13 

SS.  "MUNISLA" Havana,  Cardenas Nov.  16 

SS.  "TUSCAN" Havana,  Matanzas Nov.  23 

SS.  "MUNISLA" Havana,  Sagua Nov.  30 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER Nov.   20,   for   Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires  and    Rosario 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER NovemberlS  and  30 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports  of 

call  without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


Lillie  Multiple  Evaporators 


Model  of    1904-1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwiasha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July, 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating  tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co. 

-WILMINGTON.    DEL. 

S.     MORRIS    I^II^I^IE,    President 


The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  F'urnished  on  Application 


Representative  for   the   West    Indies 


G.  R.  PEREZ,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA  BLDG.,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable  Addresses:    "BALDWIN,   PHILADELPHIA,"   "LEEBALD,   HAVANA" 


PUate  mmtion  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  lorUin^  to  Adverti-aert 


1.00  A  Year  NOVEMBER  t917 10  CentsACopy 

\jblishedbythe  NunsogStearnship  Line  8Z.-92  Beaver  Sireet,  NewYorkOtyi 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


LINK -BELT 

Elevators    and    Conveyors 

For   Bagasse,   Sugar,  etc. 


THROUGH    long    years    of    reliable    service,    Link-Belt 
Machinery  has  become  a   recognized   standard    for  the 
handling  of  sugar  cane,  bagasse,  etc.,  from  the   field   to 
the  finished  product. 

Our  engineers  are  specialists  in  designing  sugar  handling 
machinery.  Let  them  work  out  your  problems.  We  make 
no  charge  for  advice,  layouts  or  estimates. 

Link-Belt  Machinery  includes:  Elevators  and  Conveyors 
for  every  service,  Juice  Strainers,  Bagasse  Carriers  and 
Feeders,  Field  Transfers  for  Sugar  Cane,  Car  Dumpers,  Roller 
Chains,  Link-Belt  Sprocket  Wheels,  Transmission  Machinery, 
etc.,  etc. 

Link-Belt  Company 


299   BROADWAY 


NEW  YORK  CITY 


JAMES  M.  MOTLEY 


71  BEAVER  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


Gerente  del  Departamento  de  Veritas  en  el  Extranjero  de 
THE  WEIR  FROG  COMPANY  CLEVELAND  PUNCH  AND  SHEAR  WORKS  CO 

PENNSYLVANIA  BOILER  WORKS  DUNCAN,  STEWART  &  CO..  LTD. 

THE  JOHN  H.  McGOWAN  CO.  STANDARD  WATER  SYSTEMS  CO. 

THE  RAHN-LARMON  CO.  STANDARD  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY  CO. 

Lo3  productos  de  estas  Fdbricas  abarcan: 
,^  Locomotoras  Livianas 

\J  Gruas  sobre  Ruedas 

"t  Garros:    Para  Cafia 

"'^^,,e«-=^  -ft  Para  Carga 


Para  Obras  de 
CoDstrucci6n 
Carriles  y  accesorios 
Via  Portdtil 
Ranas  y  Chuchos 
Puentes  de  Acero 
Edificios  de  Acero 
Maquinasde  Izar 
Aserraderos 
Galderas 

Mdquinas  d  Vapor 
Mdquinas  d  Petroleo 
Mdquinas  d  Gasolina 
Bombas 
Tanques 
Tornos 

Prensas  para  Ruedas 
Mdquinas  para  Taladrar 

Metales 
Acepilladoras  para  Met- 
ales 
Punzones  y  Cizallas  para 

Metales 
Ejes,  Poleas  y  Accesorios 
Trapicheg,  Desmenuzadoras  y  toda  clase  de  Mdquinaria  para  Ingenios  de  Aziicar 
Calentadoi  es  de  Agua  para  Calderas  Alambiquos  para  Agua  Evaporadores  de  Serpentines 

Mdquinaria  Frigorifica 
A  solicitud  se  remiten  catdlogos  y  presupuesto*. 
Direcci6n  cablegrafica:  JAMOTLEY,  New  York  (Se  usan  todas  las  elavea.) 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


t^  A  DD^C    PARA  TODOS  usos  y  de  todos  tamafios,  de  los  para  cana  con  cuatro    ruedas  y  capa 

L»Al\lxL/iJ    cidad  de  lYi   toneladas  a  los  con  juegos  dobles  de  ruedas  y  capacidad  de  30  toneladai 

Hacemos    una    especialidad    de    juegos    de    herrajes,    incluyendo    los    juegos 

de  ruedas,  completamente  armados,  con  todas  las  piezas  de  metal,  y  pianos 

completes    para    construir    los    carros    d    sii    desthw    de    inadnas    del    pais 


RAMAPO  IRON  WORKS,  30  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Cable  Address: 
Ramai.iam 


HOLBROOK   TOWING    LINE 

W.  S.  HOLBROOK,  Prop. 

Sea  Harbor  and  General  Towing.     Steamship  Towing  a  Specialty 

Boiler*  Tested  for  Any  Required  Pre«»ure 

Night  Phone 
1105  Bav  Ridge 


Phone,  Hnnover 
787-788 


82  BEAVER  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  U.S.A. 


FOREIGN  AND 
DOMESTIC 


WILLETT     &     GRAY,     Brokers     and     Agents 

SUGARS 


RAW  AND 

REFINED 


82  WALL  STREET,   NEW  YORK 

Publishers  of  Daily  and  Weekly  Statistical   Sugar  Trade  Journal— the  recognized  authority  of  the  trad*. 
TELEGRAPHIC   MARKET   ADVICES   FURNISHED 


PLANTATION  CARS  OF  ALL  KINDS 


ALSO  THE  PARTS  FOR  SAME 


El  grabado  ensefia  uno  de  nuestros  carros,  todo  de  acero,  para  cafia. 

Tenemos  otros  tipos  de  capacidades  varias  y  hemos  fabricado  un  gran  numero  de  carros  para  cafia  para 
uso  en  Cuba,  Puerto-Rico,  Am6rica-Central  y  Mexico,  que  tienen  jaules  de  acero  o  de  madera  y  oon- 
•truidas  para  los  distintos  tipos  de  carga  y  descarga  de  la  cafia. 

AMERICAN  CAR  &  FOUNDRY  EXPORT  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  E.  U.  A. 

Direooi6n  telegrdfica:    NALLIM,  New  York.  Produccxdn  annual  de  mds  de  100,000  carrot. 

Repreaentante  para  Cuba:    OSCAR  B.  CINTA8,  Oficios  29-31.  Havana. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


FOR    MOLASSES    USE    STEEL    TANKS 

:m^mm§mmmmm 


BUILT  BY 

HAMMOND    IRON   WORKS 

WARREN,  PA.,  U.S.A. 

We  furnish 

MATERIAL   FABRICATED 
OR  ERECTED  COMPLETE 

Tulsa  Office:    -     -     314  Kennedy  Building 

New  York  Office:  -  2728  Whitehall  Bldg. 

Agents  for  Cuba: 

WONHAM,  BATES  &  GOODE 

Havana,  Cuba 


Insist  upon 
Walker's  **LION"  Packing 

Avoid  imitations,  insist  upon  getting  Walker's  Me- 
taUic  "Lion"  Packing.  Look  for  "The  Thin  Red 
Line"  which  runs  through  all  the  Genuine  and  the 
"Lion"  Brass  Trade  Mark  Labels  and  Seals  attached. 


D^ripdve'Sataiog  Jamcs  Walkcf  &  Company,  Ltd, 

27   THAMES   STREET,   NEW   YORK   CITY 

,         Sole  Agent  for  Cuba 

JOSE    L.    VICLAAMIL 

Santa     Clara     2Q,     Havana,     Cuba 


WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

TRAIN  SERVICE  DAILY 


P  M 
S  15 
7  15 


PM 


P  MlP 
2  55  2 
4  33  4 
6  03.. 

6  18.. 

7  04.. 

8  32 
PM 


PM 


AM 

10  r 

12  15 


PM 


AM 
6  65 
8  33 
10  03 

10  18 

11  04 

12  32 
PM 


AM 
6  15 
8  15 


7  30 
11  22 
AM 


Fare 
Istcl. 
$2.04 
3.99 
4.32 
5.16 
6.79 


Lv. . .  Cen.  Sta.,  Havana  .At 

At ArtemiBa Lv 

At Paso  Real Lv 

At Herradura Lv. 

At Pinar  del  Rio Lv. 

Ar Guane Lv, 


Fare 
Sdol. 
$1.10 
2.12 
2.29 
2.71 
3.52 


AM  AM 


AM 


11  09 
9  35 
8.04 
7.47 
7.00 
5.30 

AM 


AM 
11  47 
9  46 


AM 


P  M 
3  49 
1  45 


P  M 
6  47 
4  45 


P  M 


6  38 
3  00 

P  M 


P  M 
7  09 
5  35 
4  04 
3  47 
3  00 
1  30 
P  M 


IDEAL 

TROLLEY 

TRIPS 


FAST  DAILY  ELECTRIC  SERVICE  FROM  HAVANA  TO 

Arroyo  Naranjo 10  cts.  I  Rancho  Boyero* 15  etc. 

Calabazar 10  "       |  Santiago  de  laa  Vegas    ....     20   " 

Rincon 25  cU. 

Leaving  Central  Station  every  hour  from  5.15  A.  M.  to  9.1B  P,  M. 
Laat  train  11.15  P.  M. 


"WEEK-END"  TICKETS 

FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  sale  from  Havana  to  all  points  on  the  Western  Railway  of  Havana  west  of 
Rinoon,  and  vice  versa.  These  tickets  are  valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  return- 
ing on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or  Monday,  and  are  sold  at  the  very 
low  rate  of  one  way  fare  plus  25%. 


Please  Mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  Writing  to  Advertisers. 


THE  CUBA  REVIEW 

"ALL  ABOUT  CUBA" 
An  Illustrated    Monthly  Magazine,  82-92  Beaver  Street,  New  York 

MUNSON    STEAMSHIP    LINE,     Publishers 
SUBSCRIPTION 

$1.00  Per  Year         -------10  Cents  Single  Copy 

Advertising  Rates  on  Application 

Vol.  XV  NOVEMBER,  1917  No.  12 

Contents  of  This  Number 

Cover  Page — A  disappearing  Hiver,  San  Antonio  de  los  Banos. 

Page 
Frontispiece — -Cuban  Legation  Building. 

Architecture  in  Cuba,  illustrated 13,  14,  15,  IG 

Cuban  Commercial  Matters: 

Charts,  Cuba's  Imports  and  Exports,  1916 24,  25,  2G,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33 

Cuba's  Trade IG 

Freeport  and  JNlexican  Oil  Corporation 31 

Machinery 33 

United  States  Agent  in  Cuba 33 

Wood  to  Spain 33 

Cuban  Financial  Matters: 

Guantanamo  &  Western  Railroad  Company  Report 19,  20,  21 

Prevailing  Prices  for  Cuban  Securities 18 

Santa  Cecilia  Sugar  Company  Report 21,  22 

Traffic  Receipts  of  Cuban  Railroads 17,  18 

Cuban  Government  Matters:  . 

Agricultural  Commission 7 

Allied  Conference 7 

Christmas  Funds 8 

Cruiser  "Cuba" 7 

Cuban  Legation 7 

A  Cuban  View  of  the  Piatt  Amendment 8 

Luncheon  to  the  Cuban  Minister 7 

Oriente  Loan 7 

Sugar  Bag  Supply  Assured 8 

Havana  Correspondence 9,  10,  11,  12 

Stamp  Tax  Law 27 

The  Sugar  Industry: 

The  Cause  of  the  Sugar  Shortage 23 

Centrals  Commenced  Grinding 23 

Sugar  Review,  EngUsh 34,  35 

Sugar  Re^dew,  Spanish 35,  36 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


THL 
CUBA  RLVILW 

"ALL   AI]()UT   CUBA" 

Copyright,  1917,  hy  the  Munson  Sttavnthip  Line 


Volume   XV 


NOVEMBER,   1917 


Number    12 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


THE  CUBAN  LEGATION 

The  new  home  of  the  Cuban  Legation  which 
is  practically  completed  is  situated  in  the 
Northwest  section  of  Washington,  D.  C,  on 
the  West  side  of  16th  St.,  between  Irving  and 
JYiller  Streets.  This  is  in  what  is  known  as 
the  Embassy  District,  and  the  Spanish  and 
French  embassies  are  in  the  immediate 
vicinity.  The  building  is  of  white  Bedford 
quarry  Umestone,  three  stories  high,  and  con- 
tains 24  rooms,  one  of  which  is  a  large  ball- 
room. There  is  a  grand  stairway  leading 
from  the  entrance  lobby,  and  the  supports  of 
this  stairway  are  of  marble  with  gold  em- 
belhshments.  The  buUding  is  situated  on  a 
plot  150  ft.  by  250  ft.,  and  it  is  expected  that 
it  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  by  Minister 
Cespedes  and  his  staff  by  the  first  of  January. 
The  approximate  cost  of  this  building  is 
$175,000.  It  was  built  by  H.  D  Watts  Co., 
and  McNeil  &  McNeil,  who  have  designed 
many  of  the  modern  buildings  in  Washington, 
were  the  architects. 


LUNCHEON  TO  CUBAN  MINISTER 

Dr.  Carlos  Manuel  de  Cespedes,  Cuban 
Minister  to  the  United  States,  was  the  guest 
of  honor  at  a  luncheon  of  The  Fifth  Avenue 
Association  at  the  Biltmore  Hotel,  New  York, 
on  October  24th.  The  luficheon  was  attended 
by  Mayor  Mitchel  of  New  York  City,  and 
many  other  distinguished  persons.  Dr. 
de  Cespedes  made  a  speech  in  which  he 
emphasized  the  friendly  relations  existing 
between  the  people  of  the  United  States  and 
Cuba,  and  pledged  the  support  of  the  Cuban 
Republic  to  the  cause  of  the  AUies. 


ALLIED  CONFERENCE 

Cuba  will  be  represented  in  the  general 
AUied  Conference  to  be  held  in  Paris,  Nov.  29. 
Accepting  an  invitation  of  the  entente  powers. 
President  Alenocal  has  designated  the  Cuban 
Minister  to  London,  Dr.  Carlos  Garcia  Velez, 
as  Cuba's  member  of  the  commission. 


CRUISER   "CUBA" 

The  cruiser  "Cuba,"  flagship  of  the  Cuban 
navy,  arrived  November  25th,  at  an  American 
port  and  landed  a  battaUon  of  Cuban  artillery- 
men, who  will  undergo  instruction  at  a 
United  States  fort  to  perfect  their  training  in 
coast  defense  gunnery.  Further  Cuban 
contingents  will  arrive  later. 


AGRICULTURAL  COMMISSION 

An  agricultural  commission,  consisting  of 
Dr.  Bernardo  Crespo  and  Dr.Emilio  L.  Luaces, 
of  the  .Ministry  of  Agriculture,  will  be  sent 
from  Cuba  to  the  United  States  to  obtain 
various  breeds  of  cattle  for  the  purpose  of 
raising  cattle  in  Cuba. 


ORIENTE  LOAN 

According  to  press  reports  the  Council  of 
National  Defense  of  the  province  of  Orients 
proposes  to  raise  a  loan  of  half  a  milhon  dol- 
lars for  the  purpose  of  giving  an  impulse  to  the 
cultivation  of  fruits  and  vegetables.  As  a 
guarantee  for  the  loan  the  Provincial  Council 
offers  extensive  lands  belonging  to  the 
province. 

The  loan,  however,  will  have  to  be  approved 
by  the  Cuban  Congress. 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN  GOVERNMENT  MATTERS 


A  CUBAN  VIEW  OF  THE  PLATT  AMENDMENT 

The  Cuban  review,  Cuba  Conteinporanea, 
presents  an  eloquent  defense  of  the  so-called 
Piatt  Amendment  to  the  Cuban  Constitution 
made  by  Dr.  Evelio  Rodriguez  Lendidn  at 
the  session  of  the  Cuban  Society  of  Inter- 
national Law  held  in  Havana  last  January. 
As  is  well  known,  this  amendment  provides 
for  active  intervention  in  Cuba  by  the  United 
States  under  certain  contingencies.  From 
Dr.  Lendian's  viewpoint,  this  provision  is  a 
necessary  consequence  of  Cuba's  geographical 
position,  since  it  was  not  possible  to  leave  the 
island  exposed  to  the  encroachments  of  other 
foreign  powers,  when  it  had  ceased  to  be  a 
dependency  of  Spain.  The  possession  of 
Cuba  by  any  strong  marit'me  power  would, 
in  case  of  war,  render  possible  to  make  the 
island  a  base  for  a  blockade  of  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  ports  of  the  United  States. 

However,  in  case  this  intervention  in  Cuba 
should  again  become  imperative,  for  it  has, 
unfortunately,  been  once  before  found  neces- 
sary, the  Cubans  will,  in  Dr.  Lendian's  opin- 
ion, always  know  that  the  American  comes  as 
the  friend,  the  defender,  and  the  champion 
of  Cuban  independence;  that,  he  comes  to  re- 
establish order,  when  it  has  been  temporarily 
overthrown;  but  that  his  presence  will  in  no 
way  constitute  a  menace  to  the  self-govern- 
ment of  this  island.  Hence  the  Cuban  should 
trust  implicitly  in  the  accomplishment  of  the 
solemn  obligation  assumed  by  the  United 
States  in  the  eyes  of  the  world. 

Commenting  on  Dr.  Lendian's  address, 
Seiior  Carlos  de  Velasco  cites  the  authorita- 
tive declaration  of  Mr.  Root  that  the  inter- 
vention permitted  by  the  third  article  of  the 
Piatt  Amendment  is  in  no  sense  synonymous 
with  any  interference  in  matters  concerning 
the  Cuban  Government,  but  would  be  merely 
the  formal  action  of  the  United  States,  based 
upon  just  and  substantial  grounds,  for  the 
preservation  of  Cuban  independence,  and  for 
the  maintenance  of  a  government  adequate 
for  the  protection  of  life,  property,  and  in- 
dividual liberty. 

As  Senor  de  Velasco  truly  observes,  this 
does  no  more  than  fulfill  the  wishes  of  any 
people  desiring  to  live  justly  and  equitably. 
The  sole  distinction,  an  important  one  it  is 
true,  being  that  while  the  other  American 
nations  may  or  may  not  maintain  for  them- 


selves a  government  of  this  class,  Cuba  is 
under  obligation  to  provide  it  for  herself,  and 
to  maintain  it.  For  should  she  fail  to  do  so, 
the  Ignited  States  would  be  called  upon  to 
establish  and  uphold  such  a  government  in 
Cuba.  It  is  only  for  this  purose  that  inter- 
vention is  permissible,  only  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  Cuba's  independence,  never  for  its 
destruction. 

To  make  this  perfectly  clear  and  indis- 
putable, the  Cuban  writer  believes  that  his 
government  should  seek  to  have  the  terms  and 
conditions  regulating  a  possible  intervention 
more  precisely  detailed  and  defined  than  they 
are  at  present.  He  urges,  to  this  end,  the 
execution  of  a  special  treaty  or  agreement  with 
the  United  States,  in  which  these  terms  and 
conditions  shall  be  embodied,  and  which  shall 
serve  as  a  rule  and  guide  in  case  any  sudden 
and  unforseen  difficulties  should  arise. — The 
American  Review  of  Revieu's. 


SUGAR  BAG  SUPPLY  ASSURED 

The  threatened  shortage  in  sugar  bags  for 
the  coming  Cuban  crop  has  been  averted  by 
the  Food  Administration,  in  co-operation 
with  the  British  Government,  it  is  officially 
announced. 

The  Food  Administration  became  inter- 
ested in  the  sugar  bag  situation  as  a  part  of 
its  policy  of  doing  everything  possible  to  ex- 
pedite the  marketing  of  the  Cuban  crop  im- 
mediately when  it  begins  to  come  in,  about 
Dec.  15.  The  difficulties  in  the  way  of  obtain- 
ing a  sufficient  supply  of  bags  had  been  pre- 
sented by  the  Cuban  Commission  which  has 
been  in  Washington  in  conference  on  the 
situation.  The  question  was  taken  up  with 
the  British  Government,  with  the  result  that 
the  British  Admiralty  is  to  furnish  the  neces- 
sary shipping. 


CHRISTMAS    FUNDS 

A  Havana  commission  headed  by  Count 
Leclerc,  French  Minister  to  Cuba,  which  is 
collecting  subscriptions  for  Christmas  presents 
for  French  soldiers  in  the  trenches,  reported 
November  25th  that  $30,000  in  cash,  50,000 
cigars,  750,000  cigarettes,  and  more  than 
$10,000  worth  of  merchandise  had  been 
given.  A  similar  fund  for  Italian  soldiers 
also  is  being  raised  in  Cuba. 


THE    CUBA    R  E  V  I  E  W 


HAVANA  CORRESPONDENCE 


The  f'ighth  Cuban  Congress  opened  on  November  .Itli  and  the  first  session  was  consumed 
in^listening  to  the  reading  of  the  President's  message,  which  was  a  long  and  comprehensive 
one.  Among  the  various  i^oints  touched  upon  therein,  President  Menocal  referred  to  the 
sending  of  American  soldiers  to  Cuba  and  stated  that  some  have  already  been  located  in  the 
two  eastern  provinces  of  Oriente  and  Camaguey,  going  on  to  say  that  the  sending  of  these 
troops  by  the  American  Government  was  in  line  with  an  offer  publicly  made  it  to  this  end  by 
him  some  time  ago  and  was  done  for  the  purpose  of  cooperation  between  the  American  and 
Cuban  Governments,  just  as  the  Allies  in  Europe  have  united  various  national  forces. 

The  President  stated  that  the  commerce  of  Cuba  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30th, 
1917.  amounted  to  $()! 8.000,000,  with  a  trade  balance  in  favor  of  Cuba  of  more  than  S100,000,- 
000,  which,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Cuba  has  only  two  and  a  half  million  pf)pulation,  is  a 
remarkable  showing. 

President  Menocal  also  called  attention  to  the  necessity  of  putting  into  effect  obligatory 
military  service,  which  he  had  previously  recommended  in  a  presidential  message  last  June. 
He  stated  that  the  authorized  strength  of  the  army  is  16,489  enlisted  men,  but  there  are  in 
actual  service  at  the  present  time  only  13,000,  and  the  high  wages  paid  in  the  cane  fields 
make  it  impossible  to  enlist  more  soldiers  by  voluntary  enlistment. 

Realizing  the  importance  of  getting  the  coming  crop  of  Cuban  sugar  upon  the  market  as 
promptly  as  possible,  every  effort  to  this  end  is  being  made  by  both  the  Cuban  Government 
and  the  sugar  interests.  Under  an  immigration  law  just  made  effective,  a  freer  importation  of 
labor  to  work  in  the  cane  fields  is  permitted  than  heretofore,  but  under  certain  restrictions,  to 
which  reference  has  been  made  in  our  previous  advices.  There  is  difficulty  in  obtaining  Spanish 
labor  on  account  of  the  prohibition  placed  by  that  Government  upon  emigration,  but  it  is  under- 
stood that  a  considerable  quantity  of  labor  will  be  secured  from  Spain  and  the  Canary  Islands 
and  in  addition  there  will  be  large  numbers  of  workmen  from  Haiti,  Jamaica  and  Porto  Rico, 
as  well  as  Chinese  labor,  which  it  has  been  planned  to  import  for  this  purpose.  It  is  believed 
that  the  cjuestion  of  securing  sugar  sacks  has  been  solved  through  cooperation  of  the  British 
and  American  Governments,  the  former  to  place  steamers  to  bring  sacks  direct  from  India 
and  the  latter  to  arrange  shipment  via  American  ports. 

Efforts  more  or  less  successful  have  been  made  in  certain  districts  to  interfere  with  the  coming 
sugar  crop  by  means  of  strikes,  therefore  President  Menocal  issued  a  proclamation  declaring 
that  all  foreigners  inciting  strikes  at  sugar  mills  will  be  immediately  deported,  and  action  to 
this  effect  has  already  been  taken  in  several  instances.  For  the  purpose  of  securing  closer  and 
more  effective  cooperation  between  the  sugar  mills  and  the  cane  growers,  a  circular  notice  has 
been  sent  out  to  all  the  sugar  mills  by  the  Asociacion  de  Fomento  de  Inmigracion  (Association 
to  encourage  immigration),  calling  for  a  meeting  in  Havana  Nov.  r2th  and  asking  each  mill 
to  also  have  a  committee  of  two  of  their  cane  growers  also  attend,  the  railroads  having  promised 
to  supply  a  special  train  from  Santiago  to  Havana  to  bring  these  delegates  without  charge. 

Weather  during  this  past  month  has  been  favorable,  and  while  yet  too  early  for  accurate 
estimates  to  be  made  as  to  the  tonnage  of  the  coming  sugar  crop  of  1918,  it  is  hoped  that  it  will 
amount  to  3,503,000  tons,  which  will  be  the  largest  crop  ever  produced,  the  total  amount  for 
the  season  now  ending  being  calculated  as  a  little  over  3,000,000  tons,  which  is  a  record  up  to 
the  present  time,  notwithstanding  the  revolution  of  last  winter  and  spring  in  the  eastern  pro- 
vinces and  unfavorable  weather  for  the  cane.  While  it  will  undoubtedly  cost  more  to  produce 
the  coming  crop  than  ever  before,  yet  it  is  believed,  in  view  of  the  large  amount  and  an  equitable 
price  to  be  fixed  for  the  sale  of  same,  that  a  fair  profit  will  be  made  by  the  growers  and  re- 
finers.     It  is  expected  that  the  new  crop  will  commence  moving  next  month. 

Because  of  the  constantly  increasing  prices  of  foodstuffs  President  Menocal  appointed  a 
commission  to  investigate  and  regulate  same,  called  the  "Junta  Nacional  de  Defensa  Economica," 
of  which  a  literal  translation  is  the  '  'National  Committee  of  Economic  Defense . ' '  The  first  prices 
regulated  by  this  new  commission  were  those  assessed  on  sugar  and  charcoal,  being  made 
effective  on  Nov.  1.  The  wholesale  price  on  raw  sugar  was  fixed  at  4^^c.  per  lb.  and  refined 
sugar  at  7}4c.  per  lb.,  the  retail  prices  being  o^^c.  and  8^c.  per  lb.,  respectively.    The  retail 


10  THECUBAREVIEW 

price  of  refined  sugar  had  been  rapidly  rising  in  Cuba  until  a  maximum  of  17c.  per  lb.  was 
reached  in  Havana,  which  is  considerably  higher  than  the  prices  charged  in  the  United  States 
prior  to  same  being  regulated  by  the  American  Food  Administrator,  and  this  notwithstanding 
that  the  sugar  was  both  produced  and  refined  in  Cuba.  The  Cuban  commission  previously 
referred  to  is  holding  frequent  meetings  to  fix  prices  for  other  necessities  of  life,  although 
no  further  regulations  have  been  promulgated  than  those  cited  above,  as  this  commission  only 
came  into  being  November  1. 

A  presidential  decree  has  been  put  in  effect  requiring  export  licenses  on  various  articles, 
the  same  as  was  done  by  the  American  Government,  and  certain  commodities  cannot  be 
shipped  out  of  Cuba  under  any  circumstances;  also,  the  exportation  of  sugar  to  neutral  countries 
is  prohibited.  In  addition  to  the  high  price  charged  for  sugar  by  the  retail  dealers  in  Havana 
until  the  new  prices  were  made  effective  as  referred  to  above,  Cuba  has  suffered  from  a  shortage 
of  lard,  butter,  cottonseed  oil  and  such  fats,  dating  back  from  the  first  part  of  October,  which 
condition  is  caused  by  the  absolute  prohibition  on  the  part  of  the  American  Government  of  the 
exportation  of  these  commodities,  although  it  is  expected  that  arrangements  will  shortly  be 
made  for  the  importation  of  same  under  certain  regulations  on  the  part  of  the  United  States 
Government. 

Complying  with  the  request  of  the  Food  Administrator  at  Washington  as  to  how  much 
food  Cuba  would  have  to  import  from  the  United  States,  statistics  submitted  by  the  Cuban 
Government  show  that  the  Island  consumes  some  $71,000,000  worth  of  food  stuffs  annually, 
by  far  the  larger  part  coming  from  the  United  States.  In  round  numbers  the  principal  articles 
imported  are  as  follows:  Meats,$13,500,000;  fish,  $1,220,000;  cereals, including  flour,  $15,000,000; 
vegetables  and  tubers,  including  potatoes,  $7,000,000,  and  milk  products  such  as  condensed 
milk,  butter  and  cheese,  $2,500,000.  This  shows  once  more  the  lack  of  diversified  crops  in 
Cuba,  which  is  a  subject  that  has  not  previously  received  much  attention,  but  now,  in  view  of 
war  conditions,  the  Government  is  making  some  efforts  to  induce  the  growing  of  crops  of  various 
foodstuffs  with  the  idea  of  thereby  reducing  the  importations  to  that  extent.  In  fact  the 
sugar  mills  are  now  required  to  set  aside  a  small  amount  of  land  and  to  grow  certain  vegetables 
thereupon.  Of  course,  the  principal  crop  is  sugar  and,  as  already  mentioned,  every  effort  is  be- 
ing put  forward  to  make  that  as  successful  as  possible. 

During  the  administration  of  former  President,  General  Jose  Miguel  Gomez,  a  Presiden- 
tial Palace  was  begun  on  the  site  of  the  former  United  Rys.  station,  located  at  the  corner  of  the 
Prado  and  Dragones  Street.  This  work  was,  however,  abandoned  after  the  walls  of  the  edifice 
had  been  put  up.  Upon  President  Menocal  taking  office,  it  was  vmderstood  that  his  administra- 
tion did  not  approve  of  the  project  just  mentioned  and,  therefore,  nothing  has  since  been  done 
towards  its  completion.  Shortly  after  the  presidential  palace  referred  to  was  started,  work 
was  commenced  on  the  provincial  palace  in  which  were  to  be  housed  the  governor  and  adminis- 
trative offices  of  the  Province  of  Havana,  this  building  being  located  a  block  distant  from  the 
Colon  Market,  but  the  work  was  also  stopped  on  this  building  some  time  ago,  on  account  of  lack 
of  fimds.  it  is  understood.  It  has  been  proposed  that  this  latter  building  be  taken  over  by 
the  National  Government  and  used  as  a  presidential  palace.  Directly  opposite  this  building 
is  the  large  edifice  of  the  Tobacco  Trust,  as  the  firm  of  Henry  Clay  and  Bock  &  Co.  is  com- 
monly known,  and  as  this  company  is  doing  practically  no  business  here  on  account  of  war  con- 
ditions, having  shut  off  the  exportation  of  tobacco  and  its  products  to  practically  all  countries 
except  the  United  States,  to  reduce  expenses  it  is  understood  the  tobacco  company  is  consider- 
ing moving  into  a  smaller  building,  and  in  such  case  there  is  under  consideration  a  project  for 
instaUing  the  provincial  palace  in  this  Tobacco  Trust  building.  It  is  also  reported  that  the 
present  jail  at  the  foot  of  the  Prado  will  be  transformed  into  a  Palace  of  Justice  in  which  will  be 
located  the  Secretary  of  Justice  and  the  Supreme  Court,  etc.,  This  is  the  same  site  on  which 
it  was  rumored  some  time  ago  a  large  hotel  would  be  built,  the  jail  to  be  transferred  to  a  new 
edifice  located  on  Principe  Hill,  but  nothing  further  has  developed. 

In  addition  to  the  prohibition  of  the  carrying  of  gold  out  of  Cuba  by  passengers  leaving 
for  foreign  coimtries,  as  mentioned  in  previous  reports,  the  Treasury  Department  is  now  ex- 
amining all  baggage  of  such  passengers  before  same  is  allowed  to  be  sent  on  shipboard. 

While  aUens  have  been  required  to  secure  passports  before  embarking  from  Cuba  to  the 
United  States  for  some  time  past,  on  Oct.  29th  the  American  legation  advised  that  in  future 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW  11 

passports  would  bo  roquired  of  American  citizens  as  well.  Wiien  sailing  from  Havana  these 
passports  may  be  secured  from  the  American  legation  here,  and  when  embarking  from  any 
other  port  in  Cuba,  they  may  be  secured  from  the  nearest  American  consul. 

Steamers  (lying  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  house  flag  continue  to  arrive  via  the 
Panama  Canal  bringing  Pacific  Coast  products,  as  well  as  rice  from  the  Orient.  Also  cargoes 
of  the  latter  commodity  have  been  received  here  direct  via  the  Canal. 

Reference  was  made  in  the  first  part  of  this  letter  to  the  landing  of  American  soldiers  in 
Cuba,  via  the  port  of  Santiago,  reported  to  consist  of  marines  as  well  as  army  troops,  which  have 
already  been  distributed  around  Santiago  and  Camaguey  Provinces.  While  the  original 
purpose  of  the  sending  of  these  troops  to  Cuba  was  given  out  as  that  of  training,  it  is  generally 
understood  that  they  will  also  serve  to  protc(!t  sugar  mills  and  otherwise  preserve  order  in  the 
districts  to  which  they  arc  assigned  and  thus  assist  in  assuring  a  successful  crop.  Latest 
reports  are  that  American  troops  will  also  shortly  be  sent  to  Havana  and  stationed  at  ('amp 
Columbia.  In  connection  with  Cuban  military  matters  it  is  stated  that  Cuban  soldiers  will  be 
sent  to  the  United  States  for  training,  particularly  the  artillery  connected  with  the  coast 
defense.  There  is  some  talk  in  the  papers  of  Cuban  soldiers  being  sent  to  Europe,  but  the 
Government  advises  that  this  will  not  be  done  for  the  present  at  least. 

While  the  campaign  for  the  raising  of  the  second  Liberty  Loan  was  going  on  in  the  United 
States,  a  committee  was  organized  through  the  efforts  of  interests  connected  with  the  American 
Club  here,  called  the  Liberty  Loan  Committee  for  Cuba  which  was  authorized  to  receive  sub- 
scriptions, the  original  idea  being  to  raise  .S1,000,000.  A  number  of  banks  entered  heartily 
into  this  work  and  solicited  subscriptions  both  at  their  head  offices  in  Havana  and  branches 
throughout  the  Island.  As  a  result  the  total  subscriptions  amounted  to  -S  1,633, 550,  being  col- 
lected from  practically  all  nationalities  in  Cuba.  This  amount,  however,  does  not  indicate 
the  total  quantity  subscribed  by  Cuban  sources,  as  large  suscriptions  had  previously  been 
placed  direct  with  American  banks  by  Cuban  firms  as  well  as  by  American  companies  having 
interests  in  Cuba,  but  with  headquarters  located  in  the  North. 

The  oil  well  situation  is  still  without  additional  developments.  A  certain  amount  of  well- 
boring  is  going  on,  but  without  the  results  being  made  known  and,  therefore,  the  quoted  prices 
of  all  stocks  have  considerably  decreased  since  our  last  advices.  A  few  new  companies  have 
been  formed  and  are  preparing  to  start  boring  as  soon  as  their  drilling  outfits  are  received. 

Effective  Nov.  10th,  an  increase  in  Cuban  postal  rates  will  be  made  similar  to  that  already 
in  vogue  in  the  United  States,  the  principal  items  being  letters  from  2c.  to  3c.,  and  postal 
cards  from  Ic.  to  2c. 

We  have  previously  reported  the  erection  of  a  very  powerful  new  wireless  station  near  the 
National  Observatory  at  Casa  Blanca,  across  the  bay  from  Havana.  This  station  is  not  yet 
in  operation  on  account  of  delay  in  receiving  the  wires  and  instruments,  but  it  is  expected  they 
will  arrive  during  the  coming  month.  The  other  Government  wireless  station  in  the  Isle  of 
Pines  was  destroyed  by  the  cyclone  last  month,  and  it  is  understood  that  the  present  wireless 
tower  at  Morro  Castle,  Havana,  will  be  transferred  to  the  Isle  of  Pines  after  the  new  one  is 
ready  here.  The  present  Morro  station  has  a  range  of  only  about  500  miles,  whereas  it  is 
stated  that  the  new  one  can  communicate  for  a  distance  of  3,000  miles,  which  will  enable 
direct  communication  with  many  United  States  and  other  points  not  at  present  reached  in  this 
matiiier. 

The  annual  race  meet  at  Marianao  opens  on  Nov.  29th  and  promotors  announce  that  they 
expect  a  successful  season.  There  is  some  question  as  to  tourists  in  the  United  States  beuig 
able  to  readily  secure  passports  permitting  them  to  embark  for  Cuba.  It  is  admitted  that  the 
movement  of  tourists  will  naturally  be  much  smaller  than  at  other  times,  although,  on  the 
other  hand,  it  is  expected  that  there  will  be  a  better  class  of  tourists  than  ordinarily,  who  should 
spend  larger  sums  of  money  here  and  thus,  to  a  certain  extent,  offset  the  reduction  in  numbers. 
The  principal  hotels  here  state  they  are  preparmg  for  the  usual  number  of  guests,  and  it  will  be 
recalled  that  during  the  height  of  the  season  for  a  couple  of  years  past  the  accommodations  have 
not  been  sufficient  in  this  respect.  It  is,  of  course,  yet  too  early  to  make  any  definite  statements 
in  this  respect,  but  the  Havana  merchants  and  hotel  keepers  will  be  hard  hit  if  the  tourist  move- 
ment should  be  very  small  this  coming  winter.  As  previously  referred  to,  one  principal  factor 
will  be  the  f aciUty  with  which  the  tourists  are  able  to  get  American  passports  prior  to  embarking 


12 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


for  Cuba,  this  being  the  point  on  which  pressure  is  being  brought  to  bear  by  the  interests  at 
this  end. 

Building  operations  in  Havana  and  its  suburbs  show  somewhat  of  a  let  up  of  late,  one  of 
the  principal  reasons  being  the  very  serious  shortage  of  local  brick.  This  is  caused  both  by 
the  high  price  and  scarcity  of  American  coal.  Two  out  of  three  of  the  largest  local  brick  fac- 
tories have  been  closed  down  for  this  reason.  The  operations  on  the  site  for  the  new  Royal 
Bank  of  Canada  bank  building  are  going  on  rapidly,  and  it  is  understood  that  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  will  shortly  start  work  on  the  large  addition  to  their  present  building  previously 
reported.  Armour  &  Co.'s  large  warehouse  and  cold  storage  plant  is  fast  nearing  completion 
and  is  expected  to  be  ready  for  occupancy  during  January.  It  is  reported  another  bank  building 
will  be  erected  on  Obispo  Street  on  the  corner  of  Aguiar  St.,  which  is  to  house  the  banking  in- 
terests of  Pedro  Gomez  Mena,  who  is  now  located  on  Muralla  Street. 

A  number  of  the  wholesale  dealers  in  foodstuffs  in  Havana  have  organized  an  automobile 
trucking  company  called  the  Cia.  Nacionalde  Camiones  (National  Auto  Truck  Co.),  and  have 
in  operation  a  fleet  of  about  50  auto  trucks  of  various  sizes  made  by  an  American  manufacturer 
of  the  highest  grade  cars  of  this  class.  The  operation  of  these  cars  is  naturally  a  great  deal  more 
expensive  than  in  the  North  as  both  gasoline  and  lubricating  oil  are  very  high  here,  the  former 
selling  at  retail  at  47c.  a  gallon.  However,  these  auto  trucks  are  giving  good  satisfaction,  and  it 
is  expected  that  their  use  will  be  largely  increased.  The  merchants  interested  in  this  new 
trucking  company  have  suffered  at  various  times  recently  from  strikes  of  the  cart  drivers.  In 
many  cases  they  did  not  own  their  own  wagons,  but  contracted  to  have  their  carting  done  for 
them.  Now,  having  formed  this  new  company  and  controlling  their  own  auto  trucks,  they  will 
not  suffer  in  this  manner  again  and  present  indications  are  that  horse-drawn  trucking  will  be 
largely  done  away  with  in  Havana,  at  least  on  the  part  of  the  principal  concerns  referred  to 
above.  There  are  also  private  auto  trucking  companies  in  operation,  doing  business  not  only 
in  Havana  locally,  but  also  between  Havana  and  nearby  cities  which  do  not  have  railroad  con- 
nection, and  also  some  that  have,  in  the  latter  case  thereby  coming  in  direct  competition  with 
the  steam  and  electric  lines  radiating  from  Havana. 

An  idea  of  the  amount  of  fish  and  sea  food  consumed  in  the  Havana  market  in  a  single 
week  can  be  gained  from  a  statement  made  by  the  Junta  Nacional  de  Pesca  (National  Fishing 
Committee),  that  for  the  second  week  in  October  the  total  consumption  of  all  class  such  as 
fish,  lobsters,  crabs,  oysters,  shrimps,  etc.,  amounted  to  225,614  lbs.,  for  which  the  public 
paid  $35,881. 


The    Waterfront,     Vedacio, 


T  HE    CUB  A    II  K  V  I  E  AV- 


IS 


ARCHITECTURE   IN   CUBA-  PREVAILING  STYLES 


From  " Mnrkctn  for  Construction  Malrrinis  and  Mncliinrn/  in  Cuba,"  by  W.  W.  Ewing,  Special  Agent. 

The  prevailing  architecture  in  Cuba  seems  to  be  a  combination  of  classical  Roman  and 
Renaissance.  Tuscan  and  Doric,  with  occasional  Corinthian  and  Ionic  models  form  the  basis  of 
the  style  prevailing  both  in  the  city  of  Habana  and  in  the  smaller  cities  of  the  island.  Houses 
with  pitched  roofs,  low  ceilings  and  small  windows  that  are  so  common  in  the  United  States 
are  not  found  in  Cuba.  Workmen's  houses  of  wood,  usually  consisting  of  one  story  12  to  15 
feet  in  height,  and  the  native-built  "bohios"  are  used  in  the  country  districts. 


Village   of   Cascorro,    Camaguey 


The  mild,  even  temperature  renders  high  ceilings  and  large  openings  almost  essential  to 
comfort,  and  since  no  other  styles  of  architecture  permit  such  construction,  the  adoption  of  the 
prevailing  type  is  easily  understood.  Only  in  buildings  erected  over  300  years  ago  are  the  low 
roofs  of  the  Spanish  Renaissance  to  be  found  with  thick  walls  and  small  openings  and  ventila- 
tion dependent  upon  "patios"  or  interior  courtyards. 

Nearly  all  the  various  styles  of  Spanish  architecture  may  be  found  in  Cuba,  with  such 
limitations  as  might  be  expected  because  of  the  semitropical  climate. 

During  the  military  occupation  of  Cuba  by  the  United  States  in  1900  an  effort  was  made 
to  introduce  the  American  cottage  style  on  the  island,  but  the  experiment  w^as  not  successful 
because  of  the  climate.  The  so-called  Cuban  style  of  architecture  dominates  over  all  others  in 
that  Republic,  and  has  been  continued  with  many  improvements,  favored  recently  by  good 
taste  and  more  abundant  means.  This  style,  as  it  exists  in  Habana,  bears  comparison  with 
the  best  of  the  Italian  Renaissance  and  the  architecture  of  the  period  of  Louis  XVI. 

Marble,  cement  tiles,  or  ceramic  mosaics  are  used  almost  entirely  for  floors.  Wood  is  very 
unsatisfactory  and  is  seldom  used  for  this  purpose.  Most  of  the  marble  comes  from  Italj-. 
American  quarries  do  not  appear  to  be  aware  of  the  extent  to  which  this  material  is  used  in 
Cuba.  Cement  tiles  are  manufactured  on  the  island,  although  some  are  imported.  Such 
floors  are  found  very  satisfactory  on  account  of  their  coolness,  cleanliness  and  durability. 

CONSTRUCTION  TYPES, 

Wood  has  been  used  in  rare  cases  for  important  constructions,  but  this  material  is  not 
allowed  for  walls,  floors,  or  roofs  in  the  heart  of  Habana.  Owners  usually  prefer  masonry 
buildings,  on  account  of  the  more  lasting  qualities  and  the  freedom  from  white  ants,  which 
are  so  numerous  where  there  is  wood  construction. 


14 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


I'livate   House.    Nueva   Luisa,    Jovellancs,    Cuba. 

Rubble  masonry  was  used  in  the  fort  constructions  and  later  on  some  modern  constructions, 
where  it  has  been  well  pointed  to  give  a  good  finish  to  the  work.  Steel  frames  or  reinforced 
concrete  are  generally  used  for  office  buildings  when  the  structures  exceed  three  stories  in  height. 
Reinforced  concrete  floors  and  roofs  are  frequently  used  and  in  some  cases  the  entire  building, 
including  the  walls^  is  constructed  of  reinforced  concrete.  Stucco  is  much  used  on  brick  and 
rubble  walls,  and  many  residences  in  Habana  are  of  this  type  of  construction. 

Most  buildings  are  constructed  of  fireproof  materials,  and  as  there  are  no  furnaces,  few 
fires  occur.  The  building  law  of  Habana  was  approved  in  1861  and  is  out  of  date.  It  has,  for 
example,  no  regulations  for  the  construction  of  theatres.  At  present  the  interiors  of  the  threatres 
in  Habana,  except  the  National  Theater,  which  is  fireproof,  have  a  wood  finish. 


Resideuco   of   the    l-'iisl    Governor   of  Cienfuegos. 


THE    CUBA    R  E  V  I  11  W 


15 


The  churches,  both  in  Ilabana  and  the  country  districts,  as  a  rule  are  constructed  of  heavy 
masonry.  The  schools  in  the  city  are  built  of  masonry,  while  in  the  country  masonry  is  used 
with  wood  and  tile  roofs.  Put)Hc  buildings  are  constructed  of  stone  and  brick  masonry  or  re- 
inforced concrete.  Modern  factories  and  sugar  mills  are  usually  built  of  steel  frames  covered 
with  corrugated  iron  or  asbestos  lumber.  Some  reinforced  concrete  is  also  used.  Hotels  have 
steel  frames  with  masonry  walls  and  partitions  and  reinforced  concrete  or  other  fire-resistive 
floors. 

CIIAR.VCTKR  OF  SIHSOIL  IX  TIIK  CITIES. 

Most  of  the  present  city  of  Habana  is  built  ou  coral  reef.  The  city  i)roi)er  — that  is,  the 
old  city — ^was  founded  on  three  islands  or  coral  reefs,  and  the  .spaces  between  these  were  filled  in. 
In  these  spaces  some  clay  is  found  and  a  part  of  these  low  areas  was  marshy  grountl.  These 
natural  conditions  of  subsoil  render  it  necessary  to  make  special  studies  for  the  larger  buildings 
when  they  are  to  be  constructed  in  the  lower  part  of  Habana  over  the  fills  which  have  been  made 
with  the  development  of  the  city.  In  one  instance  the  front  of  an  important  building  was 
founded  on  rock,  wliiic  piles  were  necessary  for  the  rear  part  of  the  .structure.    Other  liuildings 


Marcus    Moralles'    Hou^^e,    Havana. 


16 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


I'alacc    of  Jiisticc,  INlatanzas. 

of  importance  have  pile  foundations.  The  reefs  under  the  older  part  of  the  city  and  the  coral 
stone  in  the  outlying  and  newer  sections  of  the  city  afford  good  foundations  for  any  ordinary 
structure. 

In  Santiago,  Cienfuegos,  and  Cardenas  the  soil  in  those  parts  of  the  cities  away  from  the 
water  fronts  presents  no  unusual  conditions  for  the  foundations  of  modern  buildings  of  about 
four  or  five  stories.  Piling  is  generally  used  in  the  lower  part  of  Santiago,  where  the  city  is 
built  on  made  ground. 


CUBA'S  TRADE 


During  the  calendar  year  of  1916  Cuba's  total  foreign  trade  amounted  to  $604,849,629 — 
imports  being  $248,278,279  and  exports  $356,571,350. 

The  total  increase  of  the  value  of  merchandise  exported  in  1916  over  that  exported  in  1915 
is  $102,279,000  (28.7%)  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  table: 

Value  Difference  in  191  (J 

191.5  1916  Absolute     Per  Cent 

Raw  sugar $193,477,000  .$266,615,000  $73,138,000  27 . 4 

Products  derived  from  its  manufacture,  molasses, 

rums,  liquors  and  sweetmeats 4,044,000  8,090,000  4,046,000  50 . 0 

Leaf  and  stripped  tobacco 15,232,000  16,1.56,000  924,000  5.7 

Manufactured  cigars,  cigarettes,  etc 9,181,000  9,7.32,000  4,.551,000  5.7 

Woods,  textile  fibres,  dve  woods  and  tanning  woods .  888,000  934,000  46,000  4.9 

Animals  and  hides.  .  .  .' 3,123,000  3-;^'?-^000  242,000  7.1 

Honev  and  wax                   605,000  702,000  97,000  13 . 8 

Iron    conper,  manganese,  gold  and  sulphates 4,259,000  11,399,000  7,140,000  62.6 

Sno  '  es   etc                     ...    208,000  2.53,000  48,000  18.7 

OeWnr'oducts'    '          792,00)  306,000  486,000            158.8 

Re-exportation  of  foreign  goods 751,000  1,070,000  319,000  29.8 

Money            18,033,000  34,781 ,000  16,718,000  48 . 0 

Total 8254,292,000         $.356,571,000  $102,279,000  28.7 

During  the  year  1916,  Cuba  imported  from  the  U.  S.  $153,021,000  worth  of  merchandise, 
as  against  $90,462,000  during  the  preceding  year.  The  total  value  of  the  exports  to  the  United 
States  was  $242,638,000  as  against  $195,289,000  in  1915.  The  United  Kingdom  imported  goods 
from  Cuba  valued  at  $19,231,000  as  against  $15,288,000  in  1915.  The  value  of  the  exports  to 
Cuba  was  $53,776,000  in  1916.— r/ie  Americas. 


T  H  E    C  U  13  A    R  E  V  I  E  W  17 


TRAFFIC   RECEIPTS  OF  CUBAN   RAILROADS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBA  RAILROAD  COMPANY 

TJie  earnings  of  tlie  Cuba  Railroad  for  the  inontli  of  September  and  for  the  three  moiitJis 
of  tlie  fiscal  year  compare  as  follows: 

1917  1910  1915  1914  1913  1912 

September'gross $690,124     $522,444     $411,923     $314,675     $340,251      $324,060 

Expenses.  \ 614,227        339,597        242,922        191,826        191,876        189,197 


Septeml)cr  net $75,896  $182,846  $169,001      $122,849      $148,375      $134,862 

Other  income 1,377  854       

Net  income 77,273  183,701  169,001        122,849        148,375        134,862 

Fixed  charges 93,886  87,091  72,012          70,195         66,791          67,347 


September  surplus $16,612       $96,609  $96,988       $52,653       $81,583       $67,515 

^     Fro77i  July  Ist; 

Three'months'  gross $2,273,713  $1,652,262  $1,248,646  $1,040,707  $1,025,311      $967,761 

Three  montlis' net 581,810       705,499  576,481        415,879        445,628        404,786 

Other  income 3,901            2,546       

Fixed  charges 281,897        261,531  216,294        210,766        200,374       200,097 


Surplus $303,813      $446,514      $360,186      $205,113      $245,253      $204,688 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  HAVANA  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  LIGHT  &  POWER  CO. 

Month   of  September:  1917  1910  1915 

Gross  earnings $617,641  $507,562  $443,502 

Operating  expenses 260,586  187,561  183,372 


Net  earnings $357,055  $320,001  $260,130 

Miscellaneous  income 9,046  10,840  8,052 


Total  net  income $366,101  $330,841  $268,182 

Surplus  after  deducting  fi  xed  charges 254,944  201,587  161,344 

Nine  Months  to  Sept.  SOth : 

Gross  earnings $5,036,586  $4,407,453  $4,108,935 

Operating  expenses 2,185,469  1,692,626  1,683,839 


Net  earnings 2,851,117  $2,714,828  $2,425,096 

Miscellaneous  income 105,450  99,929  76,917 


Total  net  income $2,957,567  $2,814,756  $2,502,013 

Surplus  after  deducting  fixed  charges 1,830,800  1,660,101  1,524,847 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 


Weekly  Receipts: 
Week  ending  Sept.  iStli 
Weed  ending  Sept.  22d. . 
Week  ending  Sept.  29th. 
Week  ending  Oct.  6th. .  . 
Week  ending  Oct.  13th.. 
Week  ending  Oct.  20th. . 


1917 

1916 

1915 

1914 

1913 

1912 

£36,979 

£32,581 

£23,643 

£18,179 

£18,889 

£18,677 

36,743 

30,261 

23,806 

17,552 

18,351 

19,015 

35,985 

30,463 

25,089 

20,094 

19,377 

19,194 

35,370 

29,989 

25,931 

17,883 

19,954 

19,344 

36,770 

29,532 

24,948 

19,574 

19,775 

19,094 

40,575 

31,204 

25,777 

18,360 

19,919 

18,941 

18 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


CUBAN    FINANCIAL    MATTERS 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  WESTERN  RAILWAY  OF  HAVANA 

Weekly  Receipts:  1917  1916  1915  1914 

Week  ending  Sept.  15th £7,026  £5,891  £4,638  £5,126 

Week  ending  Sept.  22d 7,058  5,567  5,039            4,696 

Week  ending  Sept.  29th 5,365  5,902  4,411            4,206 

Week  ending  Oct.  6th 5,869  5,754  4,598           4,009 

Week  ending  Oct.  13th 6,237  5,191  4,080           4,707 

Week  ending  Oct.  20th 6,830  5,459  4,208           4,111 

EARNINGS  OF  THE  CUBAN  CENTRAL  RAILWAY 

Weekly  Receipts:  1917  1916  1915             1914 

Week  ending  Sept.  ISt.h £11,552  £9,621  £7,881  £6,735 

Week  ending  Sept.  22d 11,737  10,564  8,259           6,508 

Week  ending  Sept.  29th 10,351  8,778  8,341            6,011 

Week  ending  Oct.  6th 9,728  8,900  7,967           5,551 

Week  ending  Oct.  13th 11,443  8,554  7,438           6,786 

Week  ending  Oct.  20th 12,003  9,215  8,472           6,930 


THE  PREVAILING  PRICES  FOR  CUBAN  SECURITIES 

As  quoted  by  Lawrence  Turnure  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Bid 

Republic  of  Cuba  Interior  Loan  5%  Bonds 93 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1944 98 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  5%  Bonds  of  1949 95 

Republic  of  Cuba  Exterior  Loan  4H%  Bonds  of  1949 86 

Havana  City  First  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 104 

Havana  City  Second  Mortgage  6%  Bonds 102 

Cuba  Railroad  Co.  Preferred  Stock 75 

Cuba  Raib-oad  Co.  First  Mortgage  5%  Bonds  of  1952 80 

Cuba  Company  6%  Debenture  Bonds 90 

Cuba  Co.  7%  Cumulative  Preferred  Stock 90 

Havana  Electric  Railway  Co.  Consolidated  Mortgage  5%  Bonds 94 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Preferred  Stock 104 

Havana  Electric  Railway,  Light  &  Power  Co.,  Common  Stock 98 

Matanzas  Market  Place  8%  Bond  Participation  Certificates 100 

Cuban- American  Sugar  Co.  Preferred  Stock 90 

Cuban- American  Sugar  Co.  Common  Stock 137 

Cuban-American  Sugar  Co.  Collateral  Trust  6%  Bonds 100 

Guantanamo  Sugar  Company  Stock $45 

Santiago  Electric  Light  and  Traction  Co.  1st  Mtge.  6%  Bonds 85 


1913 
£5,304 
4,940 
4,848 
5,100 

'  .5,151 
5,293 


1913 

£0,074 
6,174 
7,209 
6,064 

6,782 
6,949 


Asked 

95% 

99 

96 

87 
105 
105 

85 

90 
100 
100 

95 
108 
100 
none 
109 
160 
lOQi^ 
$50 

91% 


CHIEF  OF  COMMERCE  BUREAU 

The  appointment  of  Burwell  S.  Cutler,  of 
Buffalo,  as  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Commerce,  has  been  confirmed 
by  the  Senate.  Mr.  Cutler,  who  is  well  known 
in  manufacturing  circles  in  western  New  York, 
came  into  the  Bureau  six  months  ago  at  a 
nominal  salary  to  assist  in  putting  the  organi- 
zation on  a  thoroughly  business  basis.  He 
was  made  first  assistant  chief,  but  since  the 


resignation  of  Dr.  E.  E.  Pratt  has  been  acting 
chief. 

Mr.  Cutler  was  born  in  Buffalo  and  finished 
his  scholastic  education  at  Lake  Forest  Uni- 
versity and  Harvard.  For  15  years  he  has 
been  president  of  an  important  Buffalo  manu- 
facturing concern  and  has  been  identifi  d  in 
an  official  capacity  with  numerous  business 
houses  and  civic  organizations  throughout 
New  York  State. 


T  H  E    C  U  B  A    R  E  V  I  E  W  19 


GUANTANAMO  AND  WESTERN  RAILROAD  COMPANY 


ANNUAL  REPORT  AND  GENERAL  BALANCE  SHEET— 1917 

New  York,  October  25,  1917. 

Capital  expenditures  for  completed  betterments  and  extensions  amounted  to  $367,129.36, 
of  which  $55,851.16  was  for  the  branch  line  to  RomeUe  and  San  Antonio,  $11,623.32  for  sidings 
and  spurs,  and  $166,499.38  for  roUin?  stock;  and  for  bettermants  not  completed  on  June  30 
there  had  been  expended  to  that  date  $49,025.38,  making  the  total  capital  expanditures  for 
the  year  $416,154.74,  as  compared  with  $285,376.58  the  previous  year  and  $83,454.37  in  1915. 

Of  the  new  rolUng  stock,  three  locomotives  and  thrty-five  box,  twonty-five  can3  and  ten 
fiat  cars,  all  steel,  costing  $176,568.68,  were  acquired  under  an  equipment  trust  and  against 
which  were  sold  $140,000  Car  Trust  Bonds,  Series  4. 

Gross  operating  earnings  were  $555,949.57,  as  against  $597,731.62  in  L916  and  $485,097.36 
in  1915.  Net  operating  earnings  were  $29,729.47,  as  compared  with  $120,458.34  in  1916  and 
$109,681.07  in  1915. 

It  was  expected  that  the  year  would  show  gross  earnings  of  approximately  $700,000,  and 
net  operating  earnings  in  excess  of  $200,000,  but  the  revolution,  which  began  in  February  and 
ended  in  May,  caused  a  very  substantial  loss  of  revenue  and  added  materially  to  the  operating 
expenses.  Throughout  that  period,  in  the  midst  of  the  sugar  season  and  the  busiest  part  of  the 
year,  business  generally  was  demoralized;  the  sugar  mills  were  frequently  shut  down  and  their 
output  curtailed  about  25% ;  traffic  was  seriously  hampered  and  at  times  practically  suspended. 
No  trains  were  run  over  the  upper  portion  of  the  Une  connecting  with  the  Cuba  Railroad, 
causing  the  total  loss  for  the  time  being  of  all  through  traffic.  Higher  cost  for  labor,  coal  and 
all  materials  also  increased  transportation  and  maintenance  expenses. 

The  Cuban  Government  has  agreed  to  pay  for  property  destroyed,  and  has  advanced 
$120,000  as  against  property  losses  of  approximately  $125,000,  mostly  for  bridges  destroyed. 
One  passenger  coach  and  one  cane  car  were  destroyed. 

Everything  is  now  quiet  in  the  Island,  and  the  United  States  Government  is  not  Ukely  to 
permit  any  interference  with  the  coming  sugar  crop.  A  new  100,000-bag  sugar  mill  is  being 
erected  at  Macuriges,  one  of  the  stations  on  this  railroad,  and  which  the  owners  estimate  will 
produce  80,000  bags  this  year.  Another  one  of  250,000  bags  capacity  is  to  be  erected  at  Saba- 
nilla  as  soon  as  the  machinery  can  be  procured. 

The  Cuban  railroads  have  appealed  to  that  Government  for  authority  to  increase  the 
rates  on  all  traffic,  and  it  is  hoped  and  believed  this  needed  assistance  will  soon  be  granted. 

INCOME  ACCOUNT  FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30.  1917 

IIAILW.\Y  OPERATING  REVENUES: 

Transportation: 

Freight .     $360,171. U 

Passenger 170,84.S.14 

Excess  baggage I,o30.23 

Mail 4,3tJ7.76 

Express 12,735.86 

Special  train  service 1^9"9'^ 

Motor  car  service 708.52 

■Station  and  train  privileges 1,050.00 

Storage 201.05 

Demurrage 3,880.87 

Total  revenue  from  railway  operations $555,949. 57 

RAILWAY  OPERATING  EXPENSES: 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structures $146,968.41 

^.aintenance  of  equipment,  including  S27,291.52  depreciation  charges 128,301.11 

Conducting  transportation 191,834.41 

Genera!  e.\pense 59,116.17 

Total  railway  operating  expense 526,220.10 

Net  revenue  from  railway  operations $29,729.47 

RAILWAY  TAX  ACCRUALS: 

Cuban $2,133.96 

American 1,677.31  3,811.27 

Railway  operating  income $25,918.20 


20  THECUBAREVIEW 

NET  REVENUES  FROM  MISCELLANEOUS  OPERATIONS: 

Rents  of  properties  at  Boqueron $9,001.44 

Profit  on  material  sold 21,803.46 

Profit  from  oiserations  of  Boqueron  Terminal 25,139.97  55,944.87 

Total  operating  income $81,863.07 

NON-OPERATING  INCOME: 

Hire  of  freight  cars $2,636.20 

Rent  from  locomotives 19,902.50 

Rent  from  work  equipment 1,101.50 

Income  from  lease  of  road 1,800.00  25,440.20 

Gross  income $107,303.27 

DEDUCTIONS  FROM  GROSS  INCOME: 

Hire  of  freight  cars $1,962.81 

Rent  for  locomotives 2,639.99 

Interest  on  Funded  Debt: 

First  mortgage  bonds $36,000.00 

Equipment  obligations 19,409.38  55,409.38 

Interest  on  Unfunded  Debt: 

Two- Year  coupon  notes $9,664.08 

One-year  coupon  notes 16,875.00 

Notes  payable,  etc 31.327.03  57,866.11 

Amortization  of  discount  on  funded  and  unfunded  debt: 

Equipment  obligations $3,211.51 

Two-year  coupon  notes 12,078.66 

One-year  coupon  notes 10,125.00  25,415.17  143,2^3.46 

Net  loss  transferred  to  profit  and  loss $35,990.19 

Note. — -Profit  and  loss  was  also  debited  with  $10,253.10  for  rolling  stock  converted,  condemned  or  destroyed 
during  the  year,  and  $3,465.34  net  for  adjustments,  claims  and  losses. 

GENERAL  BALANCE  SHEET— JUNE  30.   1917 

ASSETS 
Inteslments : 

Road $6,520,117.52 

Equipment: 

Equipment  trusts $562,041.19 

Owned 257,237.80  819,278.99 

$7,339,396.51 

Current  Assets: 

Cash $72,615.29 

Special  deposits 26,662.57 

Traffic  and  car  service  balances  receivable 5,873.02 

Net  balance  receivable  from  agents  and  conductors 338.82 

Miscellaneous  accounts  receivable 182,340.02 

Materials  and  supplies 91,768.71 

Other  current  assets 5,870.32 

U.  S.  Liberty  Loan  bonds 5,900.00 

Treasury  stock — details  as  per  contra 1.00 

Deferred  Assets: 

Working  fund  advances $3,316.75 

Cuban  Government 29,811.47 

Rents  in  arrears 2,367.50 

Unadjusted  Debits: 

Rents  and  insurance  premiums  paid  in  advance $3,531.58 

Interest  paid  in  advance 11,678.95 

Taxes  paid  in  advance 314.25 

Unextinguished  Discounts: 

One  year  coupon  notes $6,075.00 

Car  trust  bonds,  Series,  No.  3 7,547.07 

Car  trust  bonds,  Series  No.  4 11,965.62  25,587.69 

Other  unadjusted  debits 13,658.52 

54,970.99 

Profit  and  loss: 

Balance  at  debit 23,337.09 


391,369.75 


35,495.72 


$7,844,570.06 


LIABILITIES. 
Capital  Stock: 

Common^issued .$2,750,000.00 

In  treasury $232,300.00 

Preferred — -Ist  issued 2,750,000.00 

In  treasury $233,600.00 

Preferred — 2d  issued 250,000.00 

In  treasury $153,000.00  $5,750,000.00 

Funded  Debt — unmatured: 

First  mortgage  6%  bonds,  due  1929 .$600,000.00 

Car  trust  bonds: 

Series  No.  1 *$75,000,00 

Series  No.  2 $5,000.00 

Series  No.  3 **126,000.00 

Series  No.  4 140,000.00  .346,000.00 


946,000.00 


THE    CUBA    K  E  V  I  E  W  21 

Current  Liabilitifs: 

r.oans  and  bills  payable: 

One-year  coupon  notes  autorizcd $500,000.01) 

Ixiss  held  in  treasury 50,000.00  $450,000.00 

Notes  payable 5:j2,300.00 

Traffic  and  car  service  balances  payable i 202.58 

.Audited  accounts  and  wages  payable 41 ,178.37 

Miscellaneous  accounts  payable 8,997.08 

Unmatured  interest  accrued 12,782.97 

1,015,401.00 

Deferred  liabilities: 

Liability  for  provident  funds 82,()03.98 

Other  deferred  liabilities .' 100.00 

2,703.98 

Una/ljusted  Credits : 

Insurance  and  casualty  reserves $t,728.32 

Operatins  reserves 1,711.00 

Ilcserve  ftt;ainst  deferred  assets 19, .548. 86 

Accrued  depreciation — equipment ,59,236.93 

Other  unadjusted  credits 15,179.37  100,405.08 

$7,844,570.0fi 
*$20,000  paid  since  July  1,  1917.  **$14,003  paid  since  ,Tuly  1,  1917. 

There  is  a  contingent  liability  of  $25,030  for  notes  receivable  discounted  (subsequently  liquidated) > 


SANTA   CECILIA  SUGAR   COMPANY 


ANNUAL  REPORT  AND  GENERAL   BALANCE    SHEET— YEAR    ENDEO 

JUNE  30.   1917 

New  York,  October  IS,  1917. 

Gross  revenue  for  the  year  was  $779,076.25;  operating  charges  of  all  kinds  aggregated 
$461,954.66;  depreciation  amounted  to  $48,091.43,  leaving  net  earnings  of  $269,030.16.  Interest 
on  funded  and  other  indebtedness  amounted  to  $66,092.38,  leaving  a  net  income  carried  to 
surplus  of  $202,937.78. 

During  the  year  machinery  and  factory  equipment  discarded  (less  salvage)  amounted  to 
$33,568,  of  which  $17,747.04  was  chargeable  against  reserve  for  depreciation,  the  remaining 
$15,819.96  being  charged  to  surplus.  There  were  miscellaneous  charges  to  surplus  account  of 
$545.95  and  miscellaneous  credits  of  $1,101.28,  leaving  net  balance  in  surplus  $378,589.15. 

GENERAL  STATISTICS. 

1917  1916  1915  1914 

Cane  ground,  Spanish  tons  of  2,500  lbs 71,768  54,473  77,922  94,757 

Sugar  output,  bags  of  325  lbs 59,060  51,354  60,166  81,'654 

Sugar  output,  pounds  net  weight 19,194,500  16,690,140  19,554,080  26,473,'708 

Percentage  of  sugar  to  cane 10.69  12.25  10.04  11.20 

Average  New  York  polarity,  degrees 95.45  96,05  96.3  <  96.10 

Average  price  realized,  c.  &   f ,  New  York $4.62  $3.76  $3.89  $2,054 

Molasses  output,  gallons 482,472  223,573  505,109  464  210 

Gross  revenue *$779,076.25  *$609,401.30  $723,713.39  -5554,276.09 

Operating  expenses  and  other  charges $414,782.18  $354,944.15  $381,784.64  $381,213.09 

Repairs,  replacements  and  depreciation $95,263.91  $74,773.78  $147,815.65  869,71141 

Interest  of  funded  and  all  other  debt $60,092.38  $00,646.25  $69,041.10  $73,896  54 

.Additions  and  betterments $171,756.05  $56,005.97  $35,378.96  $16,643.24 

*Not  including  sugar  on  hand. 

The  foregoing  statistics  include  the  cost  of  and  proceeds  from  10,286  bags  of  sugar 
carried  over  from  June  30,  1916,  in  addition  to  the  40,221  bags  sold  and  shipped  to  June  30, 
1917,  out  of  the  59,060  bags  produced  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  that  date.  They  do  not, 
however,  include  the  cost  of  or  proceeds  from  18,839  bags  on  hand  Jime  30,  1917,  or  of  12,575 
bags  made  subsequent  to  that  date,  which  made  up  the  total  of  71,635  bags  produced  during 
the  grinding  season  which  began  January  7  and  ended  August  12,  1917. 

The  revolution  which  prevailed  in  Cuba  during  the  major  portion  of  the  grinding  season 
seriously  delayed  operations  and  greatly  increased  cost  of  production,  although  no  material 
destruction  of  property  took  place  on  the  estate. 

As  indicated  in  foregoing  statistics  substantial  additions  and  betterments  were  made 
during  the  year.  The  completion  of  the  program  of  factory  reconstruction  has  been  postponed 
on  account  of  the  high  price  of  materials  and  uncertainty  of  deliveries.  The  property  gener- 
ally is  in  good  condition. 

Weather  conditions  at  the  Estate  since  June  30  have  been  favorable.  The  labor  situation 


22  THECUBAREVIEW 

in  Cuba  continues  difficult  and  will  likely  result  in  further  increased  cost.  Cuban  taxes  on 
corporation  earnings,  like  those  of  this  country,  have  been  largely  increased  by  new  legislation. 
As  sugar  is  Cuba's  most  important  commodity,  the  bulk  of  which  comes  to  the  United 
States,  the  matter  of  price  fixing  by  the  United  States  Food  Commission  is  of  great  interest 
to  planters.  It  is  believed  that  the  special  difficulties  surrounding  the  production  of  sugar  in 
Cuba  during  the  war  period  will  be  given  due  consideration  by  the  Food  Commission,  and  that 
a  price  will  be  set  which  will  allow  sufficient  margin  of  profit  to  support  and  stimulate  this 
important    industry 

GENERAL  BALANCE  SHEET— YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30,   1917 

Pixed  Assets:  ASSETS. 

Real  Estate  and  Improvoments:  10,617  acres  (at  purchase  price  and  attending  ex- 
penses, includina;  $1,. 500,000  common  stock  issued  at  par  as  part  of  purchase 
price),  improved  with  4,657  acres  of  cane  and  1,216  acres  of  made  pastures $2, .5.52, 934.9.5 

Deduct:  Reserve  for  replanting  cane  fields 115,823.51 


$2,437,111.44 

Field  improvements:  Ditches,  fences,  fireguards,  roads  and  bridges 59,196.68 

Eield  Equipment:  Carts,  cars,  harness  and  implements 15,887.45 

JManufacturing   Plant:    Factory  buildings,    machinery  and   yards;  pumping    and 
electric  plant;    water  tower  and  dam;  machine  and  shop  equipment;  laboratory 

and  fire  apparatus,  etc $692,560.63 

Deduct:  Reserve  for  depreciation 242,371.63  450,189.00 


Buildings:    Managers'  and  employees'  residences;  laborers'  quarters,  office,  stores, 

warehouses,  stables,  etc 108,486.58 

Railroad    and  Equipment:    23.207    kilometers    narrow-gauge    track    and    sidings 

(mostly  40-lb.  rail)  with  rolling  stock 120,350.68 

Live  !^tock:  Oxen,  mules,  horses,  etc 35,543.22 

Furniture  and  fixtures:  .\dministration  offices  and  residences 13,009.86 

Orchards  and  lots 1,130.56      $3,240,905.47 


Current  Assets: 

Cash  in  banks  and  on  hand $28,414.67 

U.  S.  15-30  year  33^%  gold  bonds 10,000.00 

Accounts  Receivable: 

Cuba  current  accounts $8,806.37 

New  York  current  accounts 8,167.36  16,973.73 


Custom  house  deposits 5,106.59 

Accrued  interest,  U.  S.  bonds 2.92 

Inventories: 

Sugar  on  hand:  18,839  bags,  at  cost,  in  storage  at  Boqueron $183,258.53 

Molasses  on  hand 11,204.04 

Merchandise 16,874.86 

Materials  and  supplies 64,473.63  275,811.06  336,308.97 

Deferred  Charges: 

Cultivation  for  crop  1917-18 $42,629.44 

Unexpired  insurance 5,229.95 

Advances  to  contractors 1,041.64 

Readjustment  expense 2,750.00 

Building  plans,  advance  payment 1,089.48  52,740.51 


$3,629,954.95 

Capita/  Stock:  LIABILITIES. 

Common  authorized  and  issued $1,500,000.00 

Common  in  treasury  $191,000,  carried  at  no  value. 

Preferred  8%  cumulative,  authorized $1,000,000.00 

Preferred  issued $721,300.00 

Preferred  in  treasury,  carried  at  par 6,200.00  715,100.00 


Bonds: 

20-yr.  first  mtge.  coupon  6's,  interest  payable  February  and  August,  authorized 1,500,000.00 

In  treasury,  carried  at  par 753,000.00  747,000.00 

Current  Liabilities: 
Bills  payable: 

New  York $147,500.00 

Cuba 80,000.00         $227,500.00 

Accounts  Payable: 

New  York  current  accounts $2,908.53 

Cuba  current  accounts 38,423.94  41.332.47  268.832.47 


Accrued  Interest: 

On  funded  and  other  debt 20,433.33 

Surplus  (subject  to  provision  for  income  and  excess  profit  taxes  for  the  period  ended  June  30,  1917) .  378,589.15 

$3,629,954.95 

Notes — The  deed  of  trust  governing  the  issue  of  first  mortgage  bonds  provides  that,  beginning  July  1,  1906, 
there  shall  be  paid  to  the  trustee  out  of  the  net  earnings  of  the  company,  after  payment  of  all  operating  expenses 
and  interest,  the  sum  of  $76,875,  annually.  The  company  has  made  no  provision  for  sinking  fund  up  to  the  date 
of  this  balance  Sheet. 

Dividends  have  accrued  on  the  preferred  stock  from  August  1,  1911.  There  is  a  contingent  liability  of  $5,000- 
account  of  notes  receivable  discounted  (subsequently  liquidated). 


THE    CUBA    11  E  V  I  E  W 


23 


THE  SUGAR   INDUSTRY 


THE  CAUSE  OF  THE  SUGAR  SHORTAGE 

The  shortage  in  the  refined  sugar  supply 
which  recently  developed  came  as  a  surprise 
to  most  consumers,  and  judging  by  the  fact 
that  all  stocks  became  ilepleted  practically  at 
the  same  time,  it  would  api);^ar  as  if  the 
grocery  trade  was  as  much  taken  unawares 
as  its  customers.  The  result  from  the  point  of 
view  of  the  individual  buyer  was  a  sudden 
cutting  off  of  a  supply  that  had  hitherto  been 
so  continuous  as  to  seem  inexhaustible. 

A  survey  of  world  conditions  governing  the 
production  and  consumption  would  have 
removed  the  element  of  surprise,  and  while 
explanations  will  not  provide  sugar  it  is  at 
least  interesting  to  analyz  ■  the  causes  that 
led  to  the  shortage. 

A  very  few  words  are  necessary  :  the 
increased  European  demand  for  Cuban  sugar 
to  take  the  place  of  German  and  Austrian 
beet  sugar  now  unavailable.  Had  Cuba  not 
suffered  an  insurrection  during  the  grinding 
season,  her  increased  production  over  1916 
probably  would  have  been  sufficient  to 
cover  all  requirements,  but  as  it  was,  her  crop 
was  only  a  little  more  than  last  year.  Now 
let  us  delve  for  a  moment  into  statistics. 

In  1913-1914  Germany  and  Austria  pro- 
duced nearly  one-fourth  of  the  world's  supply. 
The  United  Kingdom  alone  took  about 
650,000  tons  per  year  from  these  countries. 
This  source  of  supply  has,  of  course,  been 
shut  o&  since  1914.  Now  compare  the 
261,806  tons  of  raw  sugar  shipped  from  Cuba 
to  the  United  Kingdom  in  1914  with  the 
787,965  tons  in  1917  (to  the  middle  of  Novem- 
ber). Also  bear  in  mind  that  the  import  of 
refined  sugar  from  the  United  States  has  more 
than  doubled  since  1914  and  as  this  was  nearly 
all  Cuban  sugar  originally,  it  will  be  seen  that 
•  the  demand  on  the  Cuban  crop  has  grown 


beyond  f)r()duction.  Take  the  Cuban  crop 
of  1917  which  totaled  a  little  over  three 
million  tons.  To  the  middle  of  November, 
Europe  had  taken  in  din^'t  shijjments  of  raw 
sugar  922,380  tons,  and  had  also  taken 
350,000  tons  of  refined  sugar  from  here. 
Thus  it  is  apparent  that  more  than  a  third  of 
Cuba's  crop  this  year  has  gone  to  Europe. 

The  eastern  states,  becaase  of  their  close 
j)roximity,  depend  largely  on  the  Cuban  crop, 
and  if  this  fails  or  is  u.sed  elsewhere,  they 
must  nece.ssarily  suffer,  unless  other  supplies 
are  diverted  from  their  usual  channels. 
In  past  years  sugar  has  been  imported  from 
Java  between  seasons  when  necessary,  but 
the  scarcity  of  tonnage  would  make  this 
impossible  this  year,  even  if  the  Java  sugar 
were  not  needed  in  Europe. 

As  to  relief  of  the  present  shortage,  this 
will  come  when  the  new  Cuban  crop  begins  to 
arrive,  and,  after  being  refined,  is  distributed. 
By  the  first  part  of  January  there  should  be 
enough  for  all  reasonable  needs  with  a 
continuing  supply. 

In  the  meantime  the  release  for  local  use 
of  certain  sugars  held  for  foreign  account,  but 
not  forwarded;  also,  the  shipment  of  some 
Louisiana  sugar  and  the  promise  of  some 
western  beets,  should  materially  help. 

As  regards  the  possibility  of  another  similar 
shortage  in  1918,  much  depends  upon  Cuba. 
If  her  expectations  of  a  3,250,000-ton  crop 
are  realized — an  increase  of  half  a  million 
tons — and  there  is  no  great  change  in  the 
balance  of  the  world's  production,  there  will 
probably  be  enough.  That  is  as  much  as  the 
writer  cares  to  predict  at  this  time  when 
constantly  changing  conditions  make  all 
prophecy  hazardous.  In  any  event,  we  hope 
that  Cuba  attains  that  three  and  a  quarter 
million  ton  crop.  Go  ahead,  Cuba,  and  show 
us  what  you  can  do. 


CENTRALS  COMMENCED  GRINDING 

The  following  Cuban  sugar  centrals  have  commenced  grinding  the  1917-1918  crop: 

Name  of  C  entral                                        Localion  Province 

ERMITA                                           Ermita  Oriente 

ISABEL                                             Guantanamo  Oriente 

MANATI                                           Manati  Oriente 

PALMA                                              Palma  Oriente 

PALMARITO                                   Palmarito  de  Cauto  Oriente 

.SANTA  ANA                         '        Auza  Oriente 


24 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


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ifififitifk 


I'Uite    I  —  Imports   to    Cuba 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 

PLATE  I.— IMPORTATION. 

United  States 

Other  countries  of  Aiiiericu 

(jermany 

Spain 

France 

I  nited  Kingdom 

( )ther  Kuropeiin  countries 

( Hher  count  rics 

^[onev 


25 


N'o. 

1 

4 

8 
3 

() 


% 

«ir)3,020,G00 

61.7 

12,249,130 

4  9 

25,773 

14,408,772 

5.8 

5,930,905 

2.3 

19,230,658 

7.8 

4,143,985 

1.7 

6,951,862 

2.8 

32,316,594 

13.0 

$248,278,279 

100.0 

PLATP:  II.— DUTIES.  % 

United  States $22,093,380  62.2 

Other  countries  of  America 2,703,239  7 . 6 

Germany 3,400  .... 

ypain     '                                          3,748,840  10.4 

France.  !'..'..'......'..'. 1,631,051  4.6 

United  Kingdom 3,463,254  9.8 

Other  European  countries 776,010  2 . 2 

Other  countries 1.105,041  3.2 

$35,524,215  100.0 


26 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


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•••••• 


Plate   III  — Exports 


THECUBAREVIEW  27 


No.  PLATE  III.— EXPORTATION. 


1  United  States .?242,r.38,133  Gs'.S 

5  Other  countries  of  America 3,676  264  1  0 

.  .  Germanj'^ [ 

6  Spain 3,025,01  i  0 '  8 

3  France 12,970,856  3.6 

2  United  Kingdom 52,776,331  14.7 

4  Other  European  countries , 5  689  686  1   6 

7  Other  countries lioi3|429  0  3 

8  Money 34,781,640  9.7 

356,571,350       100. 0 

CUBAN  CIGARS  p.^^.^^  ^^,-^^^  77,131,428  in  the  corresponding 

According    to    the    official    report    of    the  period  of  one  year  ago,  showing  a  decrease  of 

Cuban  Custom  House,  the  exports  of  cigars  12,645,100    cigars.      The    largest    shipments 

to  foreign  countries  from  January  1,  1917,  to  went  recently  to  Great  Britain,  Spain  and 

August  31,  amounted  to  64,486,328,  as  com-  the  United  States. 


STAMP  TAX  LAW 


The  Cuban  law  of  July  31 ,  1917,  provides  for  stamp  taxes  of  various  kinds,  with  the  object 
of  securing  funds  for  the  payment  of  the  interest  and  principal  of  a  new  bond  issue  of  §30,000,000, 
as  well  as  for  special  war  purposes.  The  new  taxes,  wliich  became  effective  September  1,  1917, 
apply  to  a  wide  range  of  operations,  including  all  ordinary  commercial  transactions.  For  the 
application  of  the  ta.xes  all  operations  of  a  mercantile  character  are  required  to  be  evidenced' 
by  a  written  instrument  or  memorandum  signed  by  the  purchaser  or  seller.  In  the  case  of 
orders,  commercial  invoices,  and  other  documents  regarding  contracts  or  other  business  opera- 
tions carried  on  within  the  countrj',  the  tax  varies  from  1  cent,  where  the  amount  involved'is 
from  SI  to  $10,  to  $1  where  the  amount  exceeds  $1,200.  Receipts  for  money  paid  in  private 
transactions  must  bear  a  stamp  of  5  cents  where  the  amount  is  paid  from  $25  to  $50,  while  for 
n^ceipts  of  over  $50  up  to  $100  a  10-cent  stamp  is  required;  for  over  $100  up  to  $500,  20  cents; 
and  for  pajTnents  exceeding  $500  a  $1  stamp  must  be  used.  The  same  scale  of  taxes  applies  to 
letters  of  credit,  drafts,  promissorj^  notes,  vouchers,  orders  of  all  kinds  for  the  payment  of  money 
and  commercial  instruments  not  included  under  some  other  heading.  Other  docimients  and 
transactions  for  which  special  rates  are  fLxed  include  transfers  of  securities,  public  documents 
certified  by  notaries,  insurance  policies  and  guarantees,  public  registers,  bank  and  savings 
account  books,  diplomas  from  educational  and  other  institutions,  puVjlic  bids,  copies  of  public 
records,  certificates  of  j)r()perty,  game  licenses,  licenses  to  carrj-  fireanns,  licenses  for  automoljiles 
and  otlier  veliicles,  and  steamship  tickets.  On  steamship  tickets  the  tax  is  5%  of  the  value 
for  first-class  tickets  and  2%  for  second-class  tickets.  Docmnents  not  bearing  the  required 
stamps  have  no  validity,  and  fines  may  be  iinposed. 

Of  a  slig.htly  different  nature  is  the  tax  on  the  production  of  sugar.  The  law  provides  for  a 
general  tax  of  10  cents  per  sack,  and,  in  addition,  a  special  tax  of  10  cents  per  sack  for  war  pur- 
poses is  to  be  collected  as  long  as  the  price  of  sugar  in  Habana  does  not  fall  below  3  cents  per 
pound.  Taxes  are  also  imposed  upon  molasses  and  upon  hides  not  mtended  for  domestic  tan- 
neries or  leather-working  factories,  and  upon  explosives  not  belonging  to  the  Government 
stored  in  public  magazines. 

A  ruling  having  been  rendered  that  the  stamp  tax  is  applicalsle  to  invoices  of  goods  purchased 
abroad,  the  Habana  Chamber  of  Commerce  appealed  to  tlie  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  reverse 
the  ruling  on  the  ground  that  it  was  contrary  to  the  terms  of  the  law  which  taxes  only  transac- 
tions consummated  within  the  Republic.  As  a  result  an  order  was  issued  on  October  9,  1917. 
that  commercial  invoices  presented  for  use  in  customs  clearance  should  not  be  subject  to  the 
stamp  tax  unless  representing  sales  made  by  local  agents  or  representatives  of  foreign  firms  or 
by  commission  houses  located  within  the  countrj'. — Boletin  Oficial  de  In  Secretaria  de 
Hacienda. 


28 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


Plate    IV 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


29 


PL  A 11-:   IV 


Comparative  Chart  accuraiiiK  to  ('(Hiiitrii-s  of  the  Iiuportations  and  Exportations  of  the 
Republic  of  Cuba,  in  the  years  1915  and  1!»I(). 


Impoiis  {Excluduifi  inoncij) : 

United  States Co'unui   1   from  loft. 

Other  countries  of  Americ-a 

Germany 

Spain 

France 

United  Kingdom 

Other  European  countries 

Other  countries 

Totals 


Exports : 

United  States Column  S  from   right. 

Other  countries  of  America 

Spain 

France ■. 

United  Kingdom 

Other  European  countries 

Other  countries 

Totals 


(j 


1 


Xote.— Line  for  German  importations  for  191G  does  not  appear  because  same  orJy 
amounted  to  $26,000.00,  and  therefore  cannot  be  shown  in  these  scales.     In  the  Exportation 
Chart  Germany  does  not  appear  either,  due  to  the  fact  that  no  e.xportations  were  made  during 
the  years  mentioned. 

Black  Line — -Imports  1915. 

White  Line^Imports  1916. 

Broken  Straight  Line — E.xports  1915. 

Broken  Angle  Line — Exports  1916. 


LIBERTY  LOAN  SUBSCRIPTIONS 

Among  subscriptions  to  the  second  Liberty 
Loan  hsted  during  the  week  in  Xew  York  was 
one  of  $750,000  additional  by  the  Cuban- 
American  Sugar  Company,  bringing  this  com- 
pany's total  subscription  to  $2,000,000.  The 
Federal  Sugar  Refining  Company  subscribed 
for  $250,000,  the  Soledad  Sugar  Company  of 
Cuba  for  $200,000,  the  Wailuku  Sugar  Com- 
pany of  Hawaii  for  $50,000,  and  the  Honomu 
Sugar  Company  of  Hawaii  for  $52  500.  The 
American  Beet  Sugar  Company  made  a  fur- 
ther subscription  of  $200,000.  The  Com- 
pania  Azucarera  Ingenio  Porvenir  of  Cuba 
subscribed  for  $100,000. 

In  other  parts  of  the  country  the  Great 
Western  Sugar  Company  of  Denver  sub- 
scribed there  for  $2,000,000,  and  the  Utah- 
Idaho  Sugar  Company  of  Salt  Lake  City  sub- 


scribed for  $325,000,  apportioning  it  among 
the  states  in  whicli  it  operates  factories  as 
follows:  Utah,  $200,000;  Idaho,  $100,000; 
Wa.shington,  $25,000. 


LINK-BELT  CO. 

The  Link-Belt  Co.  announces  that  the 
subscriptions  to  the  Second  Liberty  Loan 
made  by  the  employes  of  the  principal  plants 
of  the  Link-Belt  Company  and  by  the 
Company  itself  amounted  to  $269,000, 
divided  as  follows: 

Indianapolis  plants $104,300 

Philadelphia  plant 71,300 

Chicago  plant 61,100 

Link-Belt  Co 32,300 


$269,000 


:«    tci     — 


Plate  V 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


31 


PLATE  V. 

Chart  of  Total  Amount  of  Importations  and  Exportations  of  the  Repub- 
lic of  Cuba,  classifiod  according  to  source  of  prochiction.  during  the  year 
1916,  as  compared  with  those  of  11)15. 


Imports: 

Ooods  free  of  dut}' 

Nutritious  substances 

Fabrics  and  its  manufactures 

Instruments,  machinery  and  apparatus 

Metals  and  its  manufactures 

Substances  used  for  Pharmacy,  Chemical  Industries, 

Perfumeries,  etc 

Animals  and  their  parts 

Stones,  earth,  and  ceramic  products 

Lumber  and  other  veoetable  materials 

Paper  and  its  applications 

Miscellaneous 

Money 

Totals  for  1915  and  1910 


Column   1  from    left 


3 
4 
5 

6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 


Exports : 

Raw  sugar Column  14  from  right 

Refined,  honey,  aguardientes,  liquors,  etc "  13 

Leaf  tobacco "  12 

Tobacco  and  its  manufactures "  H 

Cocoa,  fruits,  garden  products,  etc.,  etc "  10 

Wood,  fibres  and  dyestuffs "  9 

Animals,  hides  and  other  parts "  8 

Apiary  products "  7 

Mineral  products "  6 

Fisheries "  5 

Other  products "  4 

Foreign  goods "  3 

Money.: "  2      "         " 

Totals  for  1915  and  1916 "  1      " 

Note: 

Black  Line — Liiports  1915. 
White  Line — Imports  1916. 
Broken  Straight  Line — Exports  1915. 
Broken  Angle  Line — Exports  1916. 


FREEPORT   ?<  MEXICAN    OIL    COFPORATION 

The  Freeport  &  Mexican  Oil  Corporation 
are  about  to  erect  at  Matanzas,  a  plant  con- 
sisting of  .six  tanks,  having  a  capacity  of  two 
million  gallons  each,  for  the  handling  and  sale 
of  crude  oil  imported  by  tank  steamers  from 
Texas  and  Mexico.  It  is  intended  that  the 
necessary-  materials  and  working  force  will 
arrive  in  time  to  have  the  tanks  ready  for 
operation  in  about  three  months.  The  prop- 
erty acquired  by  this  corjioratioii  is  directly 


in  back  of  the  Armour  Fertilizer  Plant  at 
whose  new  wharf  the  tank  steamers  will  dis- 
charge. They  will  also  .supply  the  Armour 
Company  with  crude  oil  as  a  fuel,  instead  of 
coal,  which  has  previously  been  used.  The 
Oil  Corporation  is  also  in  negotiation  with 
various  sugar  centrales,  which,  on  account  of 
the  present  scarcity  of  coal  in  Cuba,  plan  to 
convert  their  boilers  so  that  oil  may  be  used 
instead.  It  is  also  planned  to  supply  fuel  oil 
to  steamers  and  to  develop  a  business  of  some 
nuisinitudc. 


32 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


)  1— I  c^  CO  -t<  iO  :0  r 


Plate  VI 


ro  -1"  »c  :ot— ^ci~— •': 


:«  c:    O   — 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


33 


PLATE  VI. 

Chart  of  Amount  of  Importations  and  Exportations  of  the  RcpubHc  of 
Cuba,  Classified  according;-  to  Ports,  (hiring  the  j'ear  1916. 


IMPORTS 

EXPORTS 

Column  Left  to  Right. 

Column  Left  to  Right 

0 

Sgro.  de  Jucaro 

0 

Xueva  Gerona 

1 

Bata})ano 

1 

Baraeoa 

2 

Tunas  de  Zaza 

2 

Trinidad 

3 

Baraeoa 

3 

Tunas  de  Zaza 

4 

Los  Indios 

4 

Xuevitas 

5 

Mariel 

5 

Sta.  Cruz  del  Sur 

6 

Sta.  Cruz  del  8ur 

6 

Gibara 

7 

Nueva  Gerona 

7 

Mariel 

8 

Trinidad 

8 

Banes 

9 

Jucaro 

9 

Guantanamo 

10 

Banes 

10 

Sgo.  de  Cuba 

11 

(libara 

11 

Manzanillo 

12 

Nue  vitas 

12 

Jucaro 

13 

Guantanamo 

13 

Puerto  Padre 

14 

Puerto  Padre 

14 

Caibarien 

15 

Manzanillo 

15 

Sagua  la  Grande- 

16 

Sagua  la  Grande 

16 

Xipe 

17 

Caibarien 

17 

Cienfuegos 

18 

Nipe 

18 

Cardenas 

19 

Cardenas 

19 

Matanzas 

2or 

Matanzas 

20 

Habana 

21 

Cienfuegos 

21 

Total 

22 

Sgo.  de  Cuba 

23 

Habana 

24 

Total 

Note.- — The  Custom  Houses  of  Batabano,  Los  Indios  and  Surgidero  de  Jiicaro  do  noc 
figure  in  this  exportation  chart,  O'wing  to  the  fact  that  no  operations  were  made  at  these 
Custom  Houses  during  this  year,  as  likewise  the  Custom  House  of  Xueva  Gerona  does  not 
figure  in  view  of  the  small  amount  resulting  from  its  exportation. 

The  above  charts  were  taken  from  a  Bulletin  of  the  i^'ecrotary  of  tho  Treasury  of  Cuba, 
Statistical  Section,  year  1916. 


U.  S.  AGENT  IN  CUBA. 

The  United  States  Government  has  desig- 
nated a  representative  to  look  after  condi- 
tions in  the  sugar  industry  in  Cuba  in  the 
person  of  Harry  H.  Morgan,  formerly  Consul- 
General  at  Hamburg,  Germany.  Mr.  Mor- 
gan is  now  in  Cuba  conducting  an  investigation 
into  the  situation  with  a  view  to  making 
recommendations  to  Washington.  ^S^^^j_^ 


WOOD  TO  SPAIN 


^  The  fuel  shortage  in  Spain,  brought  about 
byjthe  restrictions  on  coal  exportation  im- 


posed by  the  United  States  and  allied  govern- 
ments which  formerly  supplied  that  country's 
demands,  has  opened  up  a  new  industry  for 
Cuba — the  export  of  wood  for  fuel  purposes- 
to  the  Spanish  peninsula. 


MACHINERY 

Cuban  Government  ofTu-ials  in  the  United 
States  desire  to  receive  catalogues  from  Amer- 
ican manufacturers  and  exporters  of  ma- 
chinery used  in  making  peanut  oil  and  ma- 
chinery for  crushing  and  pressing  heavier  nut 
oils,  such  as  that  contained  in  the  soya  beanj 
and  copra. 


34  THECUBAREVIEW 


SUGAR  REVIEW 


Speciall]/  written  for  The  Cuba  Review  by  Willett  &  Oray,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

^  Our  last  report  was  dated  October  11th.  Since  that  time,  the  market  generally  has  been 
quiet.  Occasionally  sales  have  been  made  to  our  refiners  at  5^c.  cost  and  freight  and  most  of 
these  raw  purchases  were  to  be  made  into  refined  sugar  for  the  use  of  either  our  Allies  or  our 
■own  Army  and  Navy  needs. 

The  market  has  been  entirely  under  the  influence  of  the  Food  Administration,  and  the 
different  sugar  committees  connected  therewith  have  been  very  diligent  in  endeavoring  to 
arrange  matters  so  that  the  price  of  sugar  to  the  wholesalers  would  not  be  any  higher  than 
8.35c.  less  2%  for  cane  granulated  sugar.  To  prevent  any  advance  above  this  quotation 
and  to  also  prevent  competition  for  the  few  sugars  remaining  in  Cuba,  the  Food  Administration 
have  requested  the  refiners  to  refrain  from  purchasing  sugar,  and  as  several  of  our  refiners  have 
run  out  of  raws,  under  these  instructions  they  have,  of  course,  been  compelled  to  close  down. 
This  closing,  as  well  as  the  practical  prohibition  of  buying  has  caused  more  or  less  of  a  sugar 
scarcity  throughout  the  East  and  granulated  sugar  has  been  difficult  to  buy,  not  only  from  the 
refiners,  but  from  wholesalers  and  retailers  as  well.  Regulations  were  issued  by  the  Food 
Administration  endeavoring  to  equalize  conditions,  but  as  none  of  these  regulations  increased 
the  supply  of  sugar,  the  situation  has  not  improved. 

At  one  time  the  Food  Administration  had  issued  instructions  to  prohibit  the  manufacture 
of  all  products  containing  sugar  except  condensed  milk  and  other  foods  used  by  infants  and 
chUdren,  but  this  caused  such  a  protest  from  the  other  manufacturers  that  this  regulation  was 
subsequently  amended  to  allow  the  manufacturers  of  other  goods  to  secure  suppfies  equal 
to  50%  of  their  normal  working. 

A  general  agreement  has  been  made  between  the  sugar  refiners  and  the  Food  Administra- 
tion that  the  margin  between  raws  and  refined  shall  not  exceed  1.30c.  per  100  lbs.,  net.  Whole- 
salers cannot  sell  bulk  granulated  to  retailers  at  more  than  25c.  above  the  refiners  price. 

Mr.  Rolph,  the  Chairman  of  the  International  Sugar  Committee,  has  made  a  number  of 
announcements  on  various  subjects  and  has  held  several  open  meetings  with  the  sugar  trade, 
including  the  sugar  brokers. 

On  October  24th,  Mr.  Rolph,  in  order  to  relieve  the  stringency  in  raw  sugars,  endeavored 
to  secure  a  lot  of  refining  grades  in  Louisiana,  and  the  American  Sugar  Refining  Co.  consented 
to  take  100,000  tons  of  these  sugars  at  6.35c.  delivered  in  New  Orleans  or  at  6.10c.  f.  o.  b.  New 
Orleans  if  for  shipment  to  Northern  Ports.  This  averaged  the  planter  6.22 3^c.  for  his  sugar. 
However,  owing  to  the  crop  outturning  considerably  less  in  yield  than  was  expected,  and  owing 
to  a  severe  freeze,  the  Louisiana  crop  has  been  considerably  shortened,  and  estimates 
have  been  reduced  50,000  tons  to  225,000  tons.  Owing  to  this  unfortunate  state  of 
affairs,  the  largest  quantity  that  the  planters  were  able  to  tender  against  the  100,000  tons, 
was  approximately  25,000  tons.  Furthermore,  after  a  period  of  uncertainty  in  regard  to  the 
price  at  which  clarified  sugar  could  be  sold,  it  was  finally  settled  by  the  Food  Administration 
that  these  sugars  could  not  be  sold  at  a  better  price  than  7.2oc.  less  2%  f.  o.  b.  New  Orleans. 
As  6.35c.  was  fixed  as  the  price  of  raw  sugars,  and  as  a  better  profit  could  be  made  by  making 
washed  or  clarified  sugars,  the  planters  naturally  turned  their  attention  to  the  manufacture 
of  the  ^washed  sugars.  Besides  the  25,000  tons  sold  to  the  American,  the  Henderson  and 
Colonial  refineries  at  New  Orleans  secured  some  15,000  tons  between  them,  all  at  6.35c.  basis 
96°  test,  delivered  at  New  Orleans. 

The  Cuba  crop  of  1916-17  finally  ended  with  an  outturn  of  3,023,720  tons— and  on  October 
26th,  Willett  &  Gray  published  their  first  estimates  of  the  cane  sugar  crops  for  the  1917-18 
campaign.     The  principal  crops  have  been  estimated  as  follows: 

Cuba 3,200,000  tons 

Domestic  beet 875,000  tons 

Porto  Rico 475,000  tons 

Hawaii 575,000  tons 

Louisiana 225,000  tons 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW  35 

Among  tho  recent  sales  made  with  permission  of  the  Food  Administration  to  our  refiners 
have  been  PhiHppine  Island  sugars  which  have  come  via  San  Francisco  and  some  via  the 
Panama  Canal  and  of  which  about  15,000  tons  have  been  placed,  the  90°  test  at  G.OOc.  the 
parity  of  5J^c.  cost  and  freight  for  Cubas. 

During  the  past  few  days  the  Food  Administration  and  the  Cuban  planters  have  been  in 
session  in  regard  to  some  arrangement  in  price,  in  connection  with  the  new  Cuban  crop,  but 
up  to  the  present  writing,  nothing  has  been  announced. 

As  mentioned  above,  the  refined  situation  has  also  been  very  restricted  in  botli  character 
and  supply,  and  several  of  our  refiners  are  not  offering  any  sugar  whatever.  The  American 
and  Howell  have  been  the  chief  sellers,  but  even  they  have  been  only  handling  the  trade  from 
10  to  25  barrels  per  customer. 

There  had  been  about  40,000  tons  of  sugar  purchased  previously  for  export  by  neutral 
and  Allied  countries,  but  owing  to  lack  of  shipping  facilities  and  export  embargoes,  they  have 
not  been  shi{)ped  and  the  Food  Administration  is  taking  up  the  matter  of  having  these  sugars 
resold  for  distribution  to  the  local  trade.  Thus  far,  approximately  10,000  tons  have  been  dis- 
tributed to  the  local  trade,  but  owing  to  the  large  number  of  grocers,  manufacturers  and  jobbers 
to  whom  this  sugar  will  have  to  be  distributed,  the  quantity  obtained  by  each  individual 
will  range  from  50  bags  of  100  lbs.  each  to  the  small  distributors,  to  100  bags  of  100  lbs.  each 
to  the  large  distributors. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

New  York,  N.  Y.,  November  12th,  1917. 


REVISTA  AZUCARERA 


Escrita  especialmente  para  la  Cuba  Review  por  Willett  &  Gray,  de  Nueva  York. 

Nuestra  ultima  resena  estaba  fechada  el  11  de  octubre  de  1917.  Desde  esa  fecha  el  mer- 
cado  ha  estado  generalmente  encalmado,  habiendose  efectuado  ventas  de  vez  en  cuando  d 
nuestros  refinadores  a  5J^c.  costo  y  flete,  y  la  mayor  parte  de  estas  compras  de  azucar  crudo 
eran  para  convertirlo  en  azucar  refinado  para  el  uso  de  nuestros  aliados  6  para  cubrir  las  necesi- 
dades  de  nuestro  ejercito  y  marina  de  guerra. 

El  mercado  ha  estado  enteramente  bajo  la  influencia  de  la  Administraci6n  de  Subsis- 
tencias,  y  los  distintos  Comit^s  del  azucar  anexos  han  estado  muy  activos  tratando  de  arreglar 
las  cosas  de  manera  que  el  precio  del  azucar  para  los  comerciantes  al  por  mayor  no  pasara  de 
8.35c.  menos  2%  por  el  azucar  granulado  de  cana.  Para  impedir  cualquier  alza  sobre  esta 
cotizacion  y  tambien  para  impedir  la  competencia  en  la  poca  cantidad  de  azucar  que  queda 
en  Cuba,  la  Administraci6n  de  Subsistencias  ha  instado  d.  los  refinadores  6,  que  se  abstengan 
de  comprar  azucar,  y  como  a  varies  de  nuestros  refinadores  se  les  han  agotado  los  aziicares 
crudos,  por  supuesto  bajo  esas  instrucciones  se  han  visto  obligados  d  cerrar  sus  fdbricas.  Esto 
asi  como  la  prohibicion  de  efectuar  compras,  ha  ocasionado  mas  6  menos  la  escasez  de  azucar 
por  toda  la  parte  oriental,  siendo  dificil  comprar  azucar  granulado,  no  solo  por  parte  de  los 
refinadores  sino  igualmente  por  los  comerciantes  al  por  mayor  y  por  menor.  La  Administra,- 
cion  de  Subsistencias  emitio  reglas  tratando  de  regularizar  el  estado  en  que  estan  las  cosas, 
pero  como  ninguna  de  estas  reglas  aumento  el  abasto  del  azucar,  no  ha  mejorado  la  situacion. 

En  una  ocasion  la  Administracion  de  Subsistencias  dio  instrucciones  para  prohibir  la  fab- 
ricaci6n  de  todos  los  productos  que  contuvieran  azucar,  excepto  la  leche  condensada  y  otros 
aUmentos  para  el  uso  de  los  ninos  de  tierna  edad  y  de  mayor  edad,  pero  esto  ocasiono  tal  pro- 
testa  de  parte  de  los  otros  fabricantes  que  subsecuentemente  se  enmendo  esta  clausula  para 
permitir  d  los  fabricantes  de  otros  productos  que  consiguieran  existencias  de  aziicar  en  un  50% 
de  su  fabricaci6n  normal. 

Ha  tenido  lugar  un  acuerdo  en  general  entre  los  refinadores  de  azucar  y  la  Administraci6n 
de  Subsistencias  para  que  el  margen  entre  los  aziicares  crudos  y  los  refinados  no  exceda  de  1.30c. 
neto  las  100  Ubras.  Los  comerciantes  al  comprador  no  pueden  vender  el  azucar  granulado  d 
los  comerciantes  al  por  menor  en  grandes  cantidades  d  un  precio  mayor  de  25c.  sobre  el  precio 
de  los  refinadores. 


36  THECUBAREVIEW 


Mr.  Rolph,  Presidente  del  Comite  Internacional  del  Azucar,  ha  hecho  declaraciones  sobre 
varies  asuntos  y  ha  tenido  varias  entrevistas  piibHcas  con  el  comercio  de  azucar.  incluyendo 
los  corredores  de  azucar. 

El  24  de  octubre,  Mr.  Rolph,  con  objeto  de  remediar  la  dificultad  en  lo.s  aziicares  crudes, 
trato  de  conseguir  un  lote  de  aziicares  refinados  de  la  Luisiana,  y  la  American  Sugar  Refining 
Co.  consintio  en  tomar  100,000  toneladas  de  estos  aziicares  a  6.35c.  la  libra  entregado  en  Nueva 
Orleans,  6  d  6.10c.  costo  y  flete  libra  a  bordo  Nueva  York  si  se  hacia  el  embarque  para  puertos 
del  norte.  Esto  proporcionaba  al  cosechero  un  promedio  de  6.22  i^c.  por  su  azucar.  Sin  em- 
bargo, debido  a  que  la  cosecha  daba  considerablemente  menos  de  lo  que  se  esperaba,  y  debido 
A  una  fuerte  helada,  la  cosecha  de  la  Luisiana  se  ha  mermado  considerablemente,  y  los  calculos 
ban  sido  reducidos  de  50,000  a  225,000  toneladas.  A  causa  de  este  contratiempo  deplorable, 
la  cantidad  mds  grande  que  los  cosecheros  de  azucar  pudieron  rendir  contra  las  100,000  tone- 
ladas antedichas  fue  25,000  toneladas  aproximadamente.  Y  lo  que  es  mas,  despues  de  un 
periodo  de  incertidumbre  respecto  al  precio  a  que  podia  venderse  el  azucar  clarificado,  la  Admin- 
istracion  de  Subsistencias  determino  finalmente  que  estos  azucares  no  podrian  venderse  a 
mayor  precio  de  7.25c.  menos  2%  libre  a  bordo  Nueva  Orleans.  Como  6.35c.  fue  el  precio 
fijado  para  los  aziicares  crudos,  y  como  podia  conseguirse  mejor  precio  elaborando  azucares 
lavados  6  clarificados,  los  cosecheros  naturalmente  se  dedicaron  a  la  fabricacion  de  azucar 
clarificada.  Ademas  de  las  25,000  toneladas  vendidas  a  la  Compania  American,  las  refinerias 
Henderson  y  Colonial  de  Nueva  Orleans  consiguieron  unas  15,000  toneladas  entre  ellos,  todo 
bajo  la  base  de  6.35c.  y  polarizacion  de  96°  grades,  entregado  en  Nueva  Orleans. 

La  zafra  de  Cuba  de  1917-18  termino  finalmente  con  una  produccion  de  3,023,720  tone- 
ladas, y  el  26  de  octubre  Willett  &  Gray  publicaron  sus  primeros  cdlculos  de  la  zafra  de  Cuba 
para  la  canpana  azucarera  de  1917-18,  y  cuyas  zafras  principales  han  side  calculadas  como 
sigue: 

Cuba 3,200,000  toneladas 

De  remolacha  del  pais 875,000  toneladas 

Puerto  Rico 475,000  toneladas 

Hawaii 525,000  toneladas 

Luisiana 225,000  toneladas 

Entre  las  ventas  recientes  hechas  con  el  permiso  concedido  a  nuestres  refinadores  per 
la  Administraci6n  de  Subsistencias  se  cuentan  los  aziicares  de  las  Islas  Filipinas,  que  han  llegado 
per  via  de  San  Francisco  y  algunes  per  via  del  Canal  de  Panama,  y  de  los  cuales  se  han  celocado 
Unas  15,000  toneladas  de  polarizacion  de  96°  grades  a  6.90c.  la  libra,  que  es  la  paridad  de  5J^c. 
ceste  y  flete  por  los  azucares  de  Cuba. 

Durante  estos  liltimos  dias  la  Administracion  de  Subsistencias  y  los  cosecheros  cubanos 
han  estado  en  sesion  para  Uegar  a  un  arreglo  acera  del  precio,  en  conexion  con  la  nueva  zafra 
de  Cuba,  pere  hasta  el  presente  no  se  ha  anunciado  nada. 

Como  se  indico  anteriermente,  la  situacion  acerca  del  azucar  refinado  ha  side  tambien  muv 
restringida  tante  por  la  naturaleza  del  articulo  como  por  el  abasto,  y  varies  de  nuestros  re- 
finadores no  ofrecen  ventas  de  azucar  en  mode  algune.  Las  refinerias  American  y  Howell  han 
sido  los  principales  vendedores,  pero  aun  asi  sole  han  estado  entregando  al  comercio  de  10  a 
25  barriles  de  aziicar  por  parroquiane. 

Los  paises  neutrales  y  aliados  habian  comprado  con  anterioridad  como  40,000  toneladas 
de  azucar  para  la  expertacion,  pere  debido  a  la  falta  de  facilidades  para  el  embarque  y  al 
embargo  de  mercancias  para  la  exportacion  no  se  han  embarcado  aiin,  y  la  Administracion 
de  Subsistencias  se  esta  ocupando  en  revender  estos  azucares  para  distribuirlos  entre  el  com- 
ercio local.  Hasta  ahora  se  han  distribuido  entre  el  comercio  local  aproximadamente  unas 
10,000  toneladas,  pero  debido  al  extenso  numere  de  tiendas  de  comestibles,  fabricantes  y 
almacenistas  entre  quienes  sera  distribuido  este  azucar,  la  cantidad  obtenida  por  cada  uno  de 
estos  individuos  sera  de  50  saces  de  100  libras  a  cada  uno  de  los  distribuidores  pequeuos  a  100 
sacos  de  100  libras  para  cada  une  de  los  grandes  distribuidores. 

WILLETT  &  GRAY. 

Nueva  York,  noviembre  12  de  1917. 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


37 


Cable  Address  "Turnure" 


New  York— 64-66  Wall  Street 


LAWRENCE  TURNURE  &  CO. 

Deposits  and  Accounts  Cun-er.t.  Deposits  of  Securities,  we  taking  charge  of  Collection  and  Remittance  of 
Dividends  and  Interest.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Public  and  Industrial  Securities.  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Letters 
of  Exchange.  Collection  of  Drafts,  Coupons,  etc.,  for  account  of  others.  Drafts,  Payments  by  Cable  and  Letters 
of  Credit  on  Havana  and  other  cities  of  Cuba;  also  on  England,  France,  Spain,  Mexico,  Puerto  Rico,  Santo 
Domingo  and  Central  ;ind  South  America. 

CORRESPONDENTS: 

HAVANA-  N.   Gelats  y  Ca.  LONDON      The  London  Joint   Stcok  Bank,  Ltd. 

PUERTO  RICO— Banco  Comercial  de  Puerto   Rico.  P<  RIS— Heine  et  Cie. 


Why  do  you  buy  distilled  water  and 
pay  10  cents  per  gallon 

when  you  can,  by  using  one  of  our  No.  70   Laboratory   Stills   for   gas, 

make  purer  water  for  less  than  1   cent 
per  gallon  ? 

l-j  Price  of  Laboratory  Still  No.  70   -   $50 

A  copper,  nickel  plated  Druggist  Still 
with  a  capacity  of  one  gallon  per  hour 
costs  but  $28.00  or  1-2  gallon  per  hour 
$17.00. 

Booklet  upon  requfst  givituj  full  particuldrs. 

EIMER   &  AMEND 

Established    1851 

205-211  Third  Ave.,  New  York 

3006  Jenkins  Arcade  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,    Pa 
48  Spark  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada 


ARTESIAN  WELL  &  SUPPLY 
COMPANY 

PROVIDENCE.   R.   I. 
P.  O.  BOX  1241  U.  S.  A. 

We  Drill  Wells  for  Water  Supplies. 
Write  us  for  proposition  for  one  for 
your  plantation.  Have  a  full  equip- 
ment of  tools  and  machinery  in  Cuba 
at  this  time. 


CAR  S 


10-4. 8^    GAGE  FLATS— Length  10  ft.  6in. 

Capacity  20,000  lbs. 

28-24  in.   GAGE.   8  WHEEL 

Hopper  Bottom   Gondola 

ALL  STEEL  CONSTRUCTION 

Length  19  ft.  4  in.    Capacity  10  Tons 

Weight  7,500  lbs. 

FIRST-CLASS     CONDITION 

Will  Convert  to  Steel  Underframe  Flat  Cars 

PROMPT  SHIPMENT      .'.      LOW  PRICE 

RAILS,     LOCOMOTIVES,     CARS 

OF    ALL    KINDS 

;.  WALTER  A.  ZELWICHER  SUPPLY  COMFUHT 


38 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


NEW   NIQUERO  SUGAR  CO. 

The  New  Niquero  Sugar  Company  of  Cuba 
has  declared  an  extra  dividend  of  10  per  cent. 
on  both  preferred  and  common  stock,  payable 
July  31. 


CLAY  FROM   BEETS 

It  is  reported  that  French  experts  have  dis- 
covered that  cement  may  be  acquired  from 
sugar-beet.  The  beets  are  first  boiled,  and  the 
scum  which  rises  to  the  top  has  up  to  the 
present  been  thrown  away.  This  scum,  how- 
ever, contains  large  quantities  of  carbonate  of 


lime,  something  like  1,000  tons  of  the  car- 
bonate being  recovered  from  17,000  tons  of 
beets.    By  adding  clay  a  good  cement  results. 


BEET  SEED  IMPORTS 

Imports  of  sugar  beet  seed  into  the  United 
Sta  es  for  the  fiscal  year  which  ended  June 
30,  1917,  amounted  to  7,235  tons,  valued  at 
$1,684,867,  according  to  the  trade  statistics 
issued  by  the  Department  of  Commerce. 
This  is  an  increase  of  60  %  over  the  figures  for 
the  preceding  year,  which  were  4,521  tons 
and  $1,030,788  value. 


30% 

nits  dc 


PATENTE  PELAEZ 

'1  ^'  "  Esta  maza  puede  colocarse  facilmente  en  cualquier  trapiche,  sea  de  dos  6  tres  mazas.  _  Machuca'^'bien^la 
oafla  desmenuzdiidola  y  extray6adole  almismo  tiempo  las  dos  terceras  partes  de  su  guarapo,  dejando  la  cafia  bien 
preparada  para  el  segundo  trapiche.  Ejecuta  todo  el  trabajo  de  una  desinenuzadora  de  primera  clase  y  sin  mds 
gasto  que  cuanJo  se  ojjera  con  una  maza  lisa.  Esta  mazaes  de  acero  y  seha  sacado  privilegio  para  ella  en  todas 
las  partes  del  mundo  donde  se  cultiva  la  cafia  de  aziicar.  Pues  envienos  un  dibujo  de  la  maza  superior  que  usan 
Uds  asi  que  de  su  eje,  y  les  cotizarernos  precios  bajos  por  una  maza  completa  para  desmenuzar  la  cafia  de  este 
trapiche. 

NEWELL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  149  Broadway,  New  York,  E.  U.  A. 


Bank  of  Cuba  in  New  York 


1  WALL  ST.    NEW  YORK 


RESOURCES  Nov.  29, 1916  -  $1,415,570.70 

General  banking  business  transacted 
with  special  facilities  for  handling 
Cuban  items  through  the  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  and  its  40  branches. 
We  are  especially  interested  in  dis- 
counting Cuban  acceptance.  Your 
account  is  solicited. 


W.  A.  MERCHANT 
J.  T.  MONAHAN 
CHAS.  F.  PLARRE 
L.  G.  JONES     - 


President 
Vice-President 
Cashier 
Asst.  Cashier 


Pedro  Pablo   Diago  Guillermo  Carricaburu 

LOUIS    V.    PLACE  CO. 

STEAMSHIP    AGENTS 
AND    SHIP    BROKERS 


76  Cuba  Street,  Havana,   Cuba 
CABLE  ADDRESS:  "PLAC£" 


FACTS  ABOUT  SUGAR 

82    WALL    STREET  NEW    YORK 

Published    Weekly 
Subscription   Price  ::         $3.00  a  year 

Wrile  Today  For  Sample  Copy 

Indispensable  to  the  Man  Inter- 
ested in   Sugar 


Please  mention   THE  CUBA    REVIEW   when  writing  to  Adwrlisers 


THECUBAREVIEW  39 


POPULAR  TROLLEY  TRIPS 

Via  the  HAVANA  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  to 

GUANAJAY 

Fare,  55  Cents 

GUINES 

Fare,  80  Cents  Round  Trip,    $1.50. 


Train    every    hour  daily  from     CENTRAL    STATION   rrotn 
5  A.  M.   to  8  P.  M.       La»t  train  11.20  P.  M. 


Train    every    hour    daily    from     CENTRAL  STATION  from 
5.50  A.  M.  to  7.50  P.  M.     La»t  Train  11.10  P.  M. 


SUBURBAN  SERVICE  TO  REGLA,  GUANABACOA,  AND  CASA  BLANCA 
(CABANAS  FORTRESS)  FROM  LUZ  FERRY,  HAVANA,  TO 

Regla  (Ferry) S0.05 

Guanabacoa  (Ferry  and  Electric  Railway) 10 

Casa  Blanca  and  Cabafias  Fortress  (Ferry) 05 

Ferry  Service  to  Regla  and  car  service  to  Guanabacoa  every  15  minutes,  from 
5  A.  M.  to  10.30  P.  M.,  every  30  minutes  thereafter,  up  to  12  midnight,  and  hourly 
thence  to  5.00  A.  M.  To  Casa  Blanca,  every  30  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  11.00 
P.  M. 


HOME    INDUSTRY    IRON    WORKS 

ENGINES,  BOILERS  and  MACHINERY 

Manufacturing  and  Repairing  of  all  klndi.     Architectural  Iron  and  Braii 

Caitingi.     Light  and  Heavy  Forglngs.     All  kinds  of  Machinery  SuppllM. 

Steamship  Work  a  Specialty 

A.  KLINQ,  Prop.  MORTI  F       ALA 

JAS.  S.  BOGUE,  Supt.  IVH-TDll-t,     J\l^J^» 

THE    AMERICAN    PHOTO    CO. 

PHOTOGRAPHY  IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES 

Construction,  Mining  and  Sugar-Mill  Work  a  specialty.  We  are  the  largest,  best 
equipped  and  most  experienced  house  in  Cuba.  Samples  and  estimates  submitted 
upon  request.    Let  us  help  you  make  your  advertisements  convincing. 

HAVANA  OBISPO  70        CUBA 

Telephone,  33  Hamilton.  Night  Call,  411  Hamilton.  Cable  Address:    "Abiworks  "  New  York. 

ATLANTIC  BASIN  IRON  WORKS 

Engineers,  Boiler  Makers  &  Manufacturers.      Steamship  Repairs  in  all  Branches 

Heavy  Forgings,  Iron  and  Brass  Castings,  Copper  Specialties,  Diesel  Motor  Repairs,  Cold  Storage 
Installation,  Oil  Fuel  Installation,  Carpenter  and  Joiner  Work 

niz?  fMLA^^^'^slRElT ""  l^ear  Han^ilton  Ferry  BROOKLYN.  N.   Y. 

Agents  for  "Kinghorn"  Multiplex  Valve 

Please  mention  THB  CUBA  REVIEW  when  writing  to  Acbertiaert 


40 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


THE 


TRUST  COMPANY  OF  CUBA 

HAVANA 


CAPITAL $500,000 

SURPLUS $450,000 

TRANSACTS  A 

GENERAL  TRUST  AND 
BANKING  BUSINESS 

REAL  ESTATE  DEPARTMENT 

EXAMINES  TITLES,  COLLECTS  RENTS 
NEGOTIATES  LOANS  ON  MORTGAGES 

Correspondence    Solicited    from 
Intending      Investors 

OFFICERS 

Norman  H.  Davis  -  -  -  -       _  .  _    President 

Oswald  A.  Hornsby  -----   Vice-President 

Claudio  G.  Mendoza     -  -  -  -   Vice-President 

J.  M.  Hopgood  --------        Treasurer 

Rogelio  Carbajal    --------    Secretary 

W.  M.  Whitner  -   -  Mgr.  Real  Estate  Depart. 


P. 

RUIZ 

s 

BROS. 

Engravers  — 

Fine 

stationery 

Obispo  22 

P. 

0.  Box  608 

HAVANA,   CUBA 

TRASBORDADORES  deCANA 
DE  HORACE  F.  RUGGLES.M.E. 

NEW  YORK  V  HABANA. 


T^ 

©=^^=;=i 

I    -rrr::LT_ 

i 

1     ^^^ 

m 

\"» 

OUSTOSAMENTE  FACILITARE  INFORMES. 

HORACE    r.   RUGGLES, 

106  WALL  ST.  NEW  YORK. 


MODELO  FRANCISCO — para  bueyes  solamente 
MODELO  MANATI — con  motor  y  para  bueyes  Jd 
MODELO  SAN  RAMON — de  motor  solamente^ 

HORACE  F.  RUGGLES,  M.E, 

New  York  Habana 

108  WALL  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 

FUNDADO   EN  1869 

Capital  Pagado $11,800,000 

Fondo  de  Reserva 13,236,000 

Activo  Total 234,000,000 

Trescientas  Treinta  y  Cinco  Sucursales 
New  York,  corner  William  and  Cedar  Sts. 
Londres,   Bank  Buildings,  Prince  St. 
Veinte  y  Tres  Sucursales  en  Cuba 

Corresponsales  en  Espafia  6  Islas  Canarias  y  Baleares 
y  en  todas  las  otras  plazas  bancablea  del  Mundo 
En  el  Departamento  de  Ahorros  se  admiten  depositos 

&    interes  dosde  Cinco  Pesos  en  adelente 

Se  expiden  Cartas  de  Credito  para  viajeroa  en  Libras 

Esterlinas  6  Pesetas,   valederas  eatas  sin  deacuento 

alguno 

Sucursales  en  la  Habana 

Galiano  92,  Monte  118,  Muralla  52,  Linea  67, 

Vedado 
Oficina  Principal      -     -     -     OBRAPIA  33 
Administradores 
R.  DE  AROZARENA  F.  J.  BEATTY 


Established    1844 

H.  UPMANN  &  CO. 

BANKERS 

TRANSACT    A    GENERAL    BANKING     BUSINESS 
Correspondents  at  All  Principal  Places  of  the  Island 

Safe  Deposit  Vaults 

Manufacturers  of  the  Famous  H.  Upmann 
Brand  of  Cigars 

FACTORY:  OFFICE: 

Paseo  de  Tacon  159-168  Amargura  1-S 

HAVANA 


Established    1876 

N.  GELATS  &  COMPANY 

BANKERS 


Transact  a  general  banking  busi- 
ness— Correspondents  at  all  the 
principal     places     of     the     world 


Safe  Deposit  Vaults 
Office:  Aguiar  108 

HAVANA 


JAMES  S.  GONNELL  &  SON 

SUGAR  BROKERS 

Established  1836,  at  105  Wall  St. 

Cable   Address,   "Tide,  New   York" 


Pltat$  mmtion  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  token  witinc  to  Advertisers 


THE    CUBA    REVIEW 


41 


UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

CONDENSED  TIME  TABLE  OF  DAILY  THROUGH  TRAINS 


No.  9 

P.M. 


No.  1 

P.  M. 


No.l7 

P.  M. 


10.30 


10.00 

A.M. 

12.06 

4.40 

9.00 
10.55 

5.28 


8.50 

10.20 

P.M. 

1.00 

M 

10.00 
11.00 


P.  M 


No.  3 

P.  M. 


5.35 

8.13 
10.16 
P.  M. 


No.  7  No.  5 

A.  M.  A.  M. 


3.10 


5.27 
7.30 


10.40 


A.M. 
3.10 

6.45 

P.M. 

3.00 

3.30 


P.M. 


10.01 


11.58 
2.18 


4.40 
8.40 


7.40 


10.10 
12.33 


179 
230 


180 


Ar. 
At. 


3  38 
6.45    e!  45  195 
P.M.  II- 


6.40 

8.00 

10.30 
P.M. 


340 
520 


Havana 


No.  2  No.18  No.  4 

A.M.  A.M.  P.  M 


Lv.  .Central  Station .  .Ar. 


.  .  .Mataniaa. ... 
. .  .  Cardenaa .... 

.  .  Sagua . . . 
.Caibarien. 


Ar. .  .Santa Clara.  . 
At.  .  .  CienfuegoB. . . 


At.  .SanctiSpiritufl.  . 

Ar.  .Ciegode  Avila.  . 

At Camaguey.  .  . 

. . . . At Antilla 

. . . .  538  Ar.  Santiago  de Cuba 


Lv. 
Lv. 

.Lv. 
.Lv. 

.Lv. 
.Lv. 

.Lv. 

.Lv. 

Lv. 

Lv. 
Lv. 


7.36 

5.31 
12.45 
P.M. 
8.00 
5.30 
A.M. 
12.10 


9.13 


2.06 


6.45  12.00 


5.00 

A.M. 


P.M. 
8.25 

7.35 

4.55 

A.M. 

7.40 

6.55 


A.M. 


9.12 


6.20 


1.65 
P.M. 
11.20 

2.30 
2.00 


P.  M, 


No.  8 

P.M. 


No.  6  No.lO 

P.M.  A.M. 


6.39 


4.44 
1.05 


12.00 
8.20 


8.00 
A.M. 


9.05 


6.28 
4.25 


6.20 


1.00 


9.15 
8.48 


6.15 

A.M. 


Sleeping  cars  on  trains  1,  2,  3,  4,  9  and  10. 
•  Via  Enlace  Capitan. 

SLEEPING  CAR  RATES — UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

From  Havana  to  Berth  Compartment. 

CieofuegoB $3.00  .... 

Santa  Clara 3.00  $8.00 

Camaguey 3.50  10.00 

Antilla 5.00  14.00 

Santiago  de  Cuba 5.00  14.00 


Dra  wing- 
Room. 
$10.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 
18.00 


ONE-WAY  FIRST-CLASS  FARES  FROM  HAVANA  TO 
PRINCIPAL  POINTS  REACHED  VIA 

THE   UNITED    RAILWAYS   OF    HAVANA 


U.  3.  Cy. 
Antilla $23.33 


Batabano 

Bayamo 

Caibarien 

Camaguey 

Cardenas 

Ciego  de  A\'ila . 

Cienfuegos 

Colon 

Guantanamo . . . 
Ilolguin 


1.53 
20.66 
10.68 
15.49 

5.43 
12.72 

8.69 

5.56 
25.58 
21.20 


Isle  of  Pines 

Madruga 

Mansanillo 

MatanEas 

Placetas 

Remedios 

Sagua 

San  Antonio 

Sanoti  Spiritus 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba . 


U.  S.  Cy. 
$6.00 

3.01 
22.02 

3.20 

9.64 
10.43 

8.45 

.45 

11.19 

8.53 
24.11 


Passengers  holding  full  tickets  are  entitled  to  free  transportation  of  baggage  when  the  same  weighs 
110  pounds  or  less  in  first-class  and  66  pounds  or  less  in  third  class.  ,     .,  tt  ^    t- 

Fifteen  days'  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  holders  of  first-class  through  tickets,  Havana  to  Cama- 
guey, Antilla,  Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Guantanamo. 


(( 


WEEK-END''  TICKETS 


FIRST  AND  THIRD-CLASS 

ARE  on  Bale  from  Havana  to  all  stations  of  the  United  Railways  (except  Rincon  and 
such  as  are  located  at  leas  than  twenty  kilometres  from  Havana)  and  vice  versa, 
valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  any  ordinary  train  the  following  Sunday  or 
Monday  at  the  very  low  cost  of  one-way  fare  plus  25%. 

SPECIAL  **WEEK-END"  TICKETS 
HAVANA  TO    CIENFUEGOS    AND  VICE  VERSA 

FIRST-CLASS,   $11.00  THIRD-CLASS,  $5.50 

Valid  going  on  Saturdays  and  returning  on  Sundays  and  Mondays 
on  the  direct  trains  via  Enlace  Capitan  only 

8«nd  thre«  omta  In  stunpt  for  "Cub«— A  Wintar  Paradue,'' »  Wu-    United    RAlIwaVS    of     HaTftlia 
ttful  Ulustratod  booklet  ^desoribing   intorerting  trips!  in  Cub«  to     WlUieU    IVOUWajS    UI     liavMiM 
FRANK  ROBERTS,  Ganaral  Paaa«nc*r  Ac«nt.  Prado,  118,  Havana,   Cuba. 


42 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


S.   F.   HADDAD 

DRUGGIST 

PRESCRIPTION    PHARMACY 

"PASSOL"  SPECIALTIES 

89  BROAD  STREET,  Cor.  Stone 
NEW  YORK 


Bottled  at  the  Brewery 


For    Sale    at    all    Dealers 
and  on  the  Munson  Line 


Sobrinos  de  Bea  y  Ca  S.  en.  C. 

BANKERS    AND    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS 
Importacidn    directa    de    todas    los 
eentros  manufactureros  del  mundo 

Agents  for  the  Munson  Steamship  Line, 
New  York  and  Mobile;  James  E.  Ward 
&  Co.,  New  York;  Serra  Steamship  Com- 
pany, Liverpool;  Vapores  Transatlanticos 
do  A.  Folch  &  Co.  de  Barcelona,  Espaiia 
Independencia  Street  17/21. 

MATANZAS,  CUBA 


JOHN  w.  McDonald 

CdAL,     WOOD,    LUMBER 
AND    TIMBER 


113 


07   BVBRY    DESCRIPTION 

Wall      Street,     New 


York 

Near   South  Street 
Yard:  B6-58  Beard  Street,  Erie  Basin 
'^  Telephones : 

Office,  1905  John        Yard,  316  Hamilton 


THE  SNARE  AND  TRIEST  COMPANY 

CONTRACTING  ENGINEERS 

STEEL    AND   MASONRY    CONSTRUCTION 
PiBKS,  BmomB,  Railroads  and  Buildings 


We  are  prepared  to  furnish  plans  and  estimates 

•n   all   classes   of   contracting   work   in    Cuba. 

New  York  Office: 

WooLWORTH  Building,  233  Broadway 

Havana  Office:  Zulueta  36  D. 


John  Muiiro&  Son 

Steamship  and 
Engineers'  Supplies 

722  Third  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cable   Address:    Kunomale,  New   York 
Telephone,  2492  South 


Telephone 
215  Hamilton 


Box  186 

Maritime   Exchange 


YULE  &  MUNRO 

SHIPWRIGHTS 

Caulkers,  Spar  Makers, 

Boat  Builders,  Etc. 

No.  9  SUMMIT  STREET 
Near  Atlantic  Dock        BROOKLYN 


DANIEL  WEILL  s.  en  c. 

COMERCIANTE  EN  GENERAL 

E^pecialidad  en  Ropa  Hecha  de  Trabajo 

Am  in  a  position  to  push  the  sales  of 
American  high  class  products.     Would 
represent  a  first  class  firm. 

APARTADO  102  CAMAGUEY,  CUBA 

M,.  J.  CABANA    ^uWViVS^ 

p.  O.  Box  3,  Camaguey 

Handles  all  kinds  of  merchandise  either  on  a  com- 
mission basis  or  under  agency  arrangements.  Also 
furnishes  all  desired  information  about  lands  in  latt 
ern  Cuba. 


F.  W.  Hvoslef 


E.  C.  Day 


R.  M.  Michelson 


BENNETT,  HVOSLEF  &  CO. 

SteamshipAgents&ShipBrokers 

18  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

Cable:    "Benvoaco" 


PUate  mention  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  rghen  writing  to  Advertiaeri 


THE     CUBA     REVIEW 


43 


S.S.  MUNAMAR 


NEW  YORK-CUBA  SERVICE 

PASSENGER  AND  FREIGHT 


ss. 
ss. 

New  York           Antilla            Nnevitas 
Leave               Arrive              Arrive 

"MUNAMAR" Dec.    8           Dec.  12           Dec.  14 

"MUNAMAR" Dec.  22           Dec.  26           Dec.  28 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

Nueviias         New  York 

Leave               Arrive 
Dec.  16          Dec.  20 
Dec.  30          Jan.    3 

Regular  sailings  for  Matanzas,  Cardenas,  Sagua, 
Padre,  Gibara,  Manati  and  Banes. 

Caibarien,    Pto. 

MOBILE— CUBA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

SS.  "TUSCAN" Havana,  Matanzas Dec.    7 

A  STEAMER Caibarien,  Santiago,  Cienfuegos Dec.  11 

SS.  "MUNISLA" Havana,  Cardenas Dec.  14 

SS.  "TUSCAN" Havana,  Matanzas Dec.  21 

SS.  "MUNISLA" Havana,  iSagua Dec.  28 


MOBILE— SOUTH  AMERICA  SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER December  26,  for  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires  and  Rosario 


BALTIMORE— HAVANA   SERVICE 

FREIGHT  ONLY 

A  STEAMER December  12  and  26 

The  line  reserves  the  right  to  cancel  or  alter  the  sailing  dates  of  its  vessels  or  to  change  its  ports  of 

call  without  previous  notice. 

MUNSON  STEAMSHIP  LINE 


THE    CUBA     REVIEW 


Lillie  Multiple  Evaporators 


Model  of    1904-1905 
(Patented) 

"One  of  three  Lillie  quad- 
ruple effects  installed  in 
1907,  in  sugar  factories  in 
Formosa,  belonging  to  the 
Taiwan  Seito  Kabushiki 
Kwiasha,  of  Tokio,  Japan. 
Two  more  quadruple  effects, 
one  to  handle  550,000  gallons 
of  cane  juice  per  twenty-four 
hours,  and  the  other  to 
handle  325,000  gallons  in  the 
same  period,  are  now  (July, 
1st,  1909)  being  built  for 
the  same  Japanese  company, 
also  for  service  in  Formosa. 
These  quadruple  effects  are 
arranged  for  reversing  the 
course  of  the  vapors  and 
heat  at  will,  a  mode  of  op- 
eration peculiar  to  the  Lillie 
and  which  has  proven  of 
great  value  for  solutions  de- 
positing incrustations  on  the 
evaporating  tubes." 


The  Sugar  Apparatus  Manufacturing  Co, 

IVII^MINGTON.    DEL. 

S.    MORRIS    LILLIE,    President 


The  BALDWIN  LOCOMOTIVE  WORKS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  U.  S.  A. 


PLANTATION  LOCOMOTIVES 

Specifications  Furnished  on  Applicalion 


Representative  for  the  West  Indies 


G.  R.  PEREZ,  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  CUBA  BLDG.,  HAVANA,  CUBA 

Cable  Addresses:   "BALDWIN,   PHILADELPHIA,"   "LEEBALD," HAVANA" 


Plstu*  mmHon  THE  CUBA  REVIEW  when  vorUing  to  Adverti9er$ 


New   York  Botanical   Garden   Library 


185   00293   3255