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HARVARD COLLEGE
LIBRARY
GIFT OF THE
GOVERNMENT
OF THE UNITED STATES
lis Da<L ^-■' ^ /'^
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF
COMMUNISTS IN THE UNITED STATES
(Greater Pittsburgh Area — Part 1)
HEARINGS
BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
HOUSE OE REPRESENTATIVES
EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
MARCH 10, 1959
(INCLUDING INDEX)
Printed for the use of the Committee on Un-American Activities
HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY
DEPOSITED BY THE
UNITED STATES GO\/ERNMENT
JUN13 1959
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
399«9 WASHINGTON : 1959
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
U.S. House of Representatives
FRANCIS E. WAI,TER, Pennsylvania, Chairman
MORGAN M. MOULDER, Missouri DONALD L. JACKSON, California
CLYDE DOYLE, California GORDON H. SCHERER, Oliio
EDWIN E. WILLIS, Louisiana WILLIAM E. MILLER, New York
WILLIAM M. TUCIi, Virginia AUGUST E. JOHANSEN, Michigan
Richard Arens, Staff Director
CONTENTS
Page
Synopsis 313
March 10, 1959: Testimony of—
Mary and Hamp L. Golden 320
Afternoon session:
Alexander Staber 346
Alex Steinberg 352
R. J. Hardin 354
Alex Steinberg (resumed) 354
R. J. Hardin (resumed) 355
Esther Steinberg 358
Joseph Rudiak 362
Hamp L. Golden (resumed) 367
Mary Golden (resumed) 368
Joseph Rudiak (resumed) 369
Viola Schmidt 370
Nathan Albert 373
Miriam Schultz 378
Hyman Lumer 382
Edmund J. Lange 387
Index i
III
Public Law 601, 79th Congress
The legislation under which the House Committee on Un-American
Activities operates is Public Law 601, 79th Congress [1946], chapter
753, 2d session, which provides:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, * * *
PART 2— RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Rule X
SEC. 121. STANDING COMMITTEES
*******
18. Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine Members.
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES
(q) (1) Committee on Un-American Activities.
(A) Un-American activities.
(2) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommit-
tee, is authorized to make from time to time investigations of (i) the extent,
character, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(ii) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propa-
ganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks
the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and
(iii) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary
remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such
times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting,
has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and
to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under
the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person
designated by any such chairman or member.
Rule XII
LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT BY STANDING COMMITTEES
Sec. 136. To assist the Congress in appraising the administration of the laws
and in developing such amendments or related legislation as it may deem neces-
sary, each standing committee of the Senate and the House of Representatives
shall exercise continuous watchfulness of the execution by the adniinistrative
agencies concerned of any laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdic-
tion of such committee; and, for that purpose, shall study all pertinent reports
and data submitted to the Congress by the agencies in the executive branch of
the Government.
V
RULES ADOPTED BY THE 86TH CONGRESS
House Resolittion 7, January 7, 1959
Rule X
STANDING COMMITTEES
1. There shall be elected by the House, at the commencement of each Con-
gress,
*******
(q) Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine Members.
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES
18. Committee on Un-American Activities.
(a) Un-American activities.
(b) The Committee on ITn- American Activities, as a whole or by subcommittee,
is authorized to make from time to time investigations of (1) the extent, char-
acter, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American prop-
aganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and
attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitu-
tion, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress
in any necessary remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times
and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has
recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and
to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under
the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person
designated by any such chairman or member.
26. To assist the House in appraising the administration of the laws and in
developing such amendments or related legislation as it may deem necessary,
each standing committee of the House shall exercise continuous watchfulness
of the execution by the administrative agencies concerned of any laws, the subject
matter of which is within the jurisdiction of such committee; and, for that
purpose, shall study all pertinent reports and data submitted to the House by
the agencies in the executive branch of the Government.
SYNOPSIS
Current Strategy and Tactics of Communists in the
United States
(Greater Pittsburgh Area — Part 1)
Current strategy and tactics of Communists in the United States
was one of the three phases of public hearings held in Pittsburgh, Pa.,
on March 10, 11, and 12, 1959.^
Two undercover agents for the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
Mary and Plamp Golden, who had served as members of the Com-
munist Party for a number of years until the moment of their appear-
ance before the committee, testified that the Communist operation is
currently more dangerous than in the past, even though the visible
members of the Communist Party are fewer. Characterizing the
Communist Party as a revolutionary group, Mr. and Mrs. Golden
described the arduous discipline of the Communist Party over the
comrades. In portraying the dedication and zeal of Communists, Mr.
Golden stated :
They never sleep. You work 24 hours a day. You attend maybe two meetings
in an evening and at midnight or early in the morning you pass out leaflets and
literature at plant gates. You never have a minute of your own, no social life
whatsoever of your own.
Mr. and Mrs. Golden attended a meeting of the Communist Party
only 3 days prior to their appearance before the committee, in which
meeting the members of the party discussed the evasion and sophistry
they would employ in their appearance before the committee. At this
meeting, the party members also discussed, according to the Goldens,
plans to arouse the citizenry of Pittsburgh against the committee ancl
its hearings. In this endeavor, they were to contact numerous non-
Communist groups, political leaders and newspapers without, of
course, disclosing the fact that they were members of the Communist
Party.
In his 12-year tenure in the party, Mr. Golden held numerous re-
sponsible positions within the operation, including membership on
the North Side Club executive board of the party within Pitts-
burgh, and later chairmanship of a cell. In his testimony, he out-
lined the various security devices used by the party in protecting its
membership from exposure. He stated that one of the precautions
taken by the party was the decentralization of the party units and
the installation of a cutout system whereby all but one member of
each unit were unaware of the identity of members of other units of
1 For the other two phases of the hearings, see "Problems of Security In Industrial
Establishments Holding Defense Contracts (Greater Pittsburgh Area — Part 2)," Mar. 11,
1959, and "Problems Arising in Cases of Denaturalization and Deportation of Communists
(Greater Pittsburgh Area— Part 3)," Mar. 12, 1959.
313
314 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
the party. When he firet joined the party in 1946, meetings were
held in large groups, but gradually the units were reduced in size.
He testified that at present the party's routine activities are nearly
completely underground, with contact between party members being
made on an individual basis.
The party's open activity is effected through the creation and con-
trol of front groups. The more current of the front groups is the
Independent Voters League, of which Mr. Golden was a member
until the time he testified. He further identified the officers of tills
group and certain of its members as hard-core Communist Party
members.
In the course of their testimony, the Goldens also identified as
Cormnunist Party members certain officers and members of numerous
fi'ont groups, including the Civil Rights Congress, the American
Committee for Protection of Foreign Bom, and the Progressive
Party.
In 1950 the Goldens were identified publicly as members of the
Conununist Party through the testimony of another Government
agent who was not aware of the role that the Goldens were playing.
As a result of this, the Goldens suffered much abuse and vilification
from their neighbors and fellow workers. However, according to Mr.
Golden, he felt that it was more important than ever to remain in
the party and to be in a position to report on Communist activities
because at the time the party was going underground and he felt it
was becoming a greater menace than ever before.
Mr. Golden also testified concerning the numerous devices of the
Communist Party to obtain funds. According to him, "They were
always broke but they always had money to cany on."
Another highlight of the Goldens' testimony was their revelation
of the concentrated efforts on the part of the Communist Party to
exei-t influence on Members of Congress and other Government
officials. They testified that party members deluge Government offi-
cials with letters and telegrams urging them to support or oppose
particular legislation of concern to the party without revealing the
fact that the sender is a Communist, acting under orders of the
conspiracy.
In exposing the machinations of the Communist Party in the Pitts-
burgh area, the Goldens identified over 100 persons whom they knew
as Communist Party members during their sei'vice in the party.
Following the Goldens' testimony, the committee called eight per-
sons who had been identified by the Goldens and confirmed by staff in-
vestigation to be current, active leaders of the Communist Party in
the Pittsburgh area. Two individuals, Alex Staber and Joseph Ru-
diak, are current officers of the Independent Voters League. Both
invoked the privilege of the fifth amendment against self-incrimina-
tion when asked to confirm or deny the testimony of the Goldens re-
specting their Communist Party membership and activities.
Another witness who had been identified by the Goldens as a leader
of the Communist Party movement in Pittsburgh was Alex Stein-
berg. The Goldens' information concerning Steinberg's member-
ship was corroborated by the testimony of Mr. R, J. Hardin, who had
also served as an undercover agent for the Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation. Mr. Steinberg also invoked constitutional privileges when
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 315
asked to confirm or deny the testimony respecting liim given by the
Goldens and Mr, Hardin.
The other leaders of the party in the Pittsburgh area who were
called as witnesses declined to give the committee any direct informa-
tion concerning their role in the Communist conspiracy in Pittsburgh,
invoking the privilege of the fifth amendment against self-incrimina-
tion.
The remaining witness in this first phase of the hearings was Hy-
man Lumer, the national educational secretaiy of the American
Communist Party. Mr. Lumer was a speaker before a student group
at the University of Pittsburgh on February 26, 1959. According to
the Pittsburgh Press, Mr. Lumer discussed in his speech the "political
philosophy" of the Communist Party. However, when pertinent
questions were asked JSIr. Lumer by the committee concerning the
conspiratorial nature of the Commmiist Party and his underground
activities in the conspiracy he refused to answer, invoking the privi-
lege of the fifth amendment against self-incrimination.
39&9© — 69—2
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
IN THE UNITED STATES
(Greater Pittsburgh Area — Part 1)
TUESDAY, MARCH 10, 1959
United States House of Representatives,
Subcommittee of the
Committee on Un-American Activities,
Pittshurgh^ Pa.
PUBLIC HEARINGS
The subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities
met, pursuant to notice, at 10 : 05 a.m., in courtroom No. 6, Neve Fed-
eral Building, Pittsburgh, Pa., Hon. Edwin E. Willis (subcommittee
chairman) presiding.
Committee members present: Representatives Edwin E. Willis, of
Louisiana; Gordon H, Scherer, of Ohio; and William M. Tuck, of
Virginia.
Staff members present: Richard Arens, staff director; George C.
Williams and William Margetich, investigators.
Mr, Willis. The subcommittee will please come to order.
As usual, the Chair desires to make an opening statement explana-
tory of the hearings this morning.
The hearings which begin today in Pittsburgh, Pa., are in further-
ance of the powers and duties of the Committee on Un-American
Activities, pursuant to Public Law 601 of the 79th Congress, wdiich
not only establishes the basic jurisdiction of the committee, but also
mandates this committee, along with other standing committees of
the Congress, to exercise continuous watchfulness of the execution
of our laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdiction of the
particular committee.
In response to this power and duty, the Committee on Un-American
Activities is continuously in the process of accumulating factual in-
formation respecting Communists, the Communist Party, and Com-
munist activities which will enable the committee and the Congress
to appraise the administration and operation of the Smith Act, the
Internal Security Act of 1950, the Conmiunist Control Act of 1954,
and numerous provisions of our Criminal Code relating to espionage,
sabotage, and subversion. In addition, the committee has before it
numerous proposals to strengthen our legislative weapons designed to
protect the internal security of our Nation.
317
318 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
I shall now read the resolution of the Committee on Un-American
Activities, authorizing and directing the holding of the instant hear-
ings here in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania :
Be it resolved, That hearings by the Committee on Un-American Ac-
tivities or a subcommittee thereof, to be held in Pittsburgh, Pa., and at such
other place or places as the chairman may indicate, on such date or dates as the
chairman may determine, be authorized and approved, including the conduct of
investigations deemed reasonably necessary by the staff in preparation therefor,
relating to the following matters and having the legislative purposes indicated :
1. The extent, character, and objects of Communist infiltration into civic and
political organizations in the Pittsburgh area, and Communist propaganda
activities therein, the legislative purpose being to obtain additional information
for use by the committee in consideration of a proposed amendment to section 4
of the Communist Control Act of 1954, prescribing a penalty for knowingly and
willfully becoming or remaining a member of the Communist Party with knowl-
edge of the purpose or objective thereof, and for the additional legislative purpose
of adding to the committee's overall knowledge on the subject so that Congress
may be kept informed and thus prepared to enact remedial legislation in the
national defense and for internal security, when and if the exigencies of the
situation require it.
2. The employment of members of the Communist Party in defense facilities
or in industrial establishments holding defense contracts with the Army, Navy,
or Air Force, the legislative purpose being to obtain additional information for
use in considering a recommendation for legislation prohibiting such employment
without regard to the requirement of registration as contained in section 5 of the
Internal Security Act of 1950.
3. The Communist Party membership and activities of officers, international
representatives, business agents, and other representatives and agents of a labor
organization or labor organizations having bargaining contracts with industrial
establishments under national defense contracts involving classified work for
the Army, Navy or Air Force, for the legislative purpose of obtaining additional
information for use in considering a recommendation for legislation requiring
such officers, representatives and agents to meet the same security standards as
members of such labor organization or labor organizations who have access to
classified material.
4. Communist Party membership or Communist Party activities of individuals
subject to proceedings for deportation or denaturalization, for the legislative
purpose of obtaining additional information for use in considering a recommenda-
tion for legislation to strengthen the procedures for deportation and denatural-
ization of Communists and those persons under Communist discipline.
5. The execution by the administrative agencies concerned of the Internal Se-
curity Act, the Communist Control Act. the Foreign Agents Registration Act,
and all other laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdiction of the
committee, the legislative purpose being to exercise continuous watchfulness of
the execution of these laws to assist the Congress in appraising the administra-
tion of such laws, and in developing such amendments or related legislation as
it may deem necessary : Be it further
Resolved, That the hearings may include any other matter within the juris-
diction of the committee which it, or any subcommittee thereof appointed to
conduct this hearing, may designate.
I shall now read the order of appointment of the subcommittee to
conduct these hearings, made by Chairman Francis E. Walter, of
Pennsylvania. This is directed to Mr. Arens.
To Mr. Richard Arens, Staff Director, House Committee on Un-American
Activities:
Pursuant to the provisions of the law and the rules of this committee, I
hereby appoint a subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities,
consisting of Representatives William M. Turk nnd Gordon H. Scherer, as asso-
ciate members, and Representative Edwin E. Willis, as chairman, to conduct
hearings in Pittsburgh, Pa., Tuesday, March 10, 1959, at 10 a.m., on subjects
under investigation by the committee and take such testimony on said day or
succeeding days as it may deem necessary.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 319
Please make this action a matter of committee record.
If any member indicates liis inability to serve please notify me.
Given under my hand this 2d day of March 1959.
Francis E. Walter,
Chairman, Committee on Un-American Activities.
These hearings in Pittsburgh will have three phases. The first
phase will deal with current strategy and tactics of Communists in
the Greater Pittsburgh area who are not necessarily connected with
the vital industry of this section of the country. The second phase
will deal with the problems of security in industrial establishments
holding defense contracts, of which the Pittsburgh area is typical.
The third phase will deal with problems arising in cases of denat-
uralizing and deportations of Communists, of which cases a substan-
tial number have occurred in this district.
After we have heard the witnesses who have been summoned on
the first phase of these hearings, I shall make a statement for the
record, outlining the scope and some of the problems with which we
shall expect to deal in the second phase of the hearings; then at the
conclusion of the second phase of the hearings, I shall in similar
fashion make a statement for the record pointing up some of the
issues which are of concern to the committee in the third phase of
the hearings.
Today the Communist Party, though reduced in size, continues as
a serious threat to the security of our Nation. It has long since
divested itself of unreliable elements. Those who remain are the
hard-core, disciplined agents of the Kremlin on American soil. Most
of the Communist Party operation in the United States today con-
sists of underground, behind-the-scenes manipulations.
We know that the strategy and tactics of the Communist Party
are constantly changing for the purpose of avoiding detection in an
attempt to beguile the American people and the Government respect-
ing the true nature of the conspiracy. As we, on the Committee on
Un-American Activities, seek to develop factual information for our
legislative purpose, we are constantly met with numerous and un-
founded charges respecting the nature of our work and our objectives.
We seek only the facts. Insofar as it is within the power of this
committee, as a part of the U.S. Congress, we shall obtain the facts
and we shall do so within the framework of carefully prescribed
rules of justice and f airplay.
What are the present strategies and tactics of the Communist
operation in this general area? What techniques are the hard-core
Communists pursuing in order to avoid detection as they pursue
their nefarious work? What are the lines of control and communi-
cation between the various Communists' nests across the Nation?
What loopholes or weaknesses exist in our present security laws?
How may those laws be strengthened ? These questions shall be upper-
most in our minds as we elicit testimony during these hearings.
May I emphasize that the purpose of the subcommittee here in
Pittsburgh is to sample factual material with reference to types and
patterns of activity, and not to attempt to exhaust the subject matter.
We have not subpenaed witnesses for these hearings merely to put
on a show, nor shall we attempt to interrogate in these hearings even
a significant percentage of all possible witnesses on whom we have
compiled information.
320 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
It is a standing rule of this committee that any person identified as
a member of the Commmiist Party during the course of the committee
hearmgs will be given an early opportunity to appear before this com-
mittee, if he desires, for the purpose of denying or explaining any
testimony adversely affecting him. It is also the policy of the com-
mittee to accord any witness the privilege of being represented by
counsel; but within the provisions of the rules of this committee,
counsel's sole and exclusive prerogative is to advise his client.
I would remind those present that a disturbance of any kind, or an
audible comment during the hearings, for or against, will not be per-
mitted. This is a serious proceeding in which we are earnestly trying
to discharge an important and arduous duty, which is not a pleasant
one, but which is imposed upon us by order of the representatives of
all the people in the Congress, with the general objective of maintain-
ing the security of this great Nation.
I might say that just a few months ago this committee was reconsti-
tuted and as usual we can only operate by direction of the whole House,
we can only operate if funds are made available and if Congress directs
us to operate. And our funds were made available and we were or-
dered to pursue our duties, which are not pleasant to any of us and
the money was made available and as far as I know there was not one
single dissenting vote to our obligations heard from anyone out of 435
representatives of the people in the House of Representatives.
Would you care to make an additional statement, Mr. Tuck.
Mr. Tuck. No, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. ScHERER. I have none.
Mr. Willis. The record will reflect that the full subcommittee is
present as designated by Chairman Walter.
Governor Tuck and I serve on tv/o committees, the Judiciary and
the House Committee on Un-American Activities. As the chairman
frequently says this assignment is thrust upon him as it is upon us.
And I do not want to belabor the point, but we can stand whatever
gaff or criticism is directed upon us. We will proceed with our work.
Mr. Counsel, please call your first witness.
Mr. Arens. If you please, Mr. Chairman, Mary and Hamp Golden,
kindly come forward. Remain standing while the chairman adminis-
ters an oath.
Mr. Willis. Please raise your right hands. Shall I swear them to-
gether ?
Mr. Arens. If you please, sir.
Mr. Willis. Do you and each of you solemnl}' swear that you will
tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you
God?
Mrs. Golden. I do. ^
Mr. Golden. I do.
Mr. Arens. Kindly be seated.
TESTIMONY OF MARY AND HAMP L. GOLDEN
Mr. Arens. Kindly identify yourselves by name, residence, and occu-
pation.
Mrs. Golden. I am Mary Golden. I live at 1730 Brett Street,
Pittsburgh 5. I was emploj^ed doing clerical work at Bailey Employ-
ment Agency up until today when notified I was being replaced.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 32]
Mr. Golden. I am Hamp L. Golden. I work at the PI. J. Heinz Co.
Mr. Akens. Are you husband and wife ?
Mr. Golden. Husband and wife.
Mr, Arens. Mr. and Mrs. Golden, are you now, this very moment,
members of the Communist Paity ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Golden. Up to now.
Mr. Arens. Have either of you ever been ideologically in sympathy
with the Communist Party ?
Mrs. Golden. "We have not.
Mr. Golden. JSTo.
Mr. ScHERER. 'Just a minute, Mr. Arens. Would you ask that
the microphones be moved up a little closer ? It is difficult for me to
hear the witnesses.
]SIr. Arens. In other words, you are both now and have been in the
Communist Party serving your country by furnishing infonnation
on the activities of the party at the behest of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation ; is that correct ?
Mr. Golden. That is correct.
Mrs. Golden. Correct.
]Mr. Arens. I expect, Mr. Chairman, to interrogate each of them
separately, but for very strong personal reasons and the pressure of
this occasion they have requested and we have told them that it
would be permissible for Mr. and ]Mrs. Golden to sit together. There
may be some questions in which one may want to assist the other on
the information as we proceed here, if it meets with your pleasure.
Mr. Willis. As I understand, both of them are right now for the
first time disclosing that their membership, so-called membership, in
the Communist Party was really as agents of tlie Federal Bureau of
Investigation and of their Government; is that correct?
Mr. Arens. That is correct, yes, sir.
Now, Mr. Golden, please tell us first of all, when did you join
the Communist Party ?
Mr. Golden. In ilugust 1946.
Mr. Arens. Mrs. Golden, when did you join the Communist Party?
Mrs. Golden. In August of 1947.
Mr. Arens. I expect to interrogate you in the course of your
testimony here on a number of items, but for the moment I should
like to ask you in anticipation of these hearings what was the last
function you performed for the Communist conspiracy in the Pitts-
burgh area ?
Mrs. Golden. We attended a meeting Saturday afternoon in which
we were in Hymen Schlesinger's office in which we were told what
to say before this committee.
Mr. Arens. Who all were at that meeting?
Mrs. Golden. Aniia Devunich
Mr. Arens. Would you please, Mrs. Golden, spell the names and do
not reveal the name of any person who was not known to you to a
certainty to be a member of the Communist Party unless we have
an explanation subsequently.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Counsel, I perhaps should have been listening
a little more attentively. Are they telling about being in an office
of a man named Schlesinger recently ?
322 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. Just 3 clays ago, I recall from what she just said.
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Golden. Saturday.
Mr. Arens. That was their last function. Then they had another
function 4 or 5 days ago which we will explore in a few minutes.
Mr. ScHERER. What was the purpose of being in this man Schles-
inger's office ?
Mr. Arens. She said the purpose of being in Schlesinger's office
was to obtain information or instructions respecting their conduct
as Communists before this committee.
Now, would you kindly proceed ?
Mrs. Golden. Those present were Alex and Essie (Esther) Stein-
berg, Miriam Schultz, Allan McNeil, Anna Devunich.
Mr. Arens. Spell that last name, please.
Mrs. Golden. D-e-v-u-n-i-c-h.
Genne Crockert Kuhn, I think her last name is. She has recently
been married again. Nate Albert, Eddie Lange, Joseph Eudiak.
Mr. Arens. JoeRudiak?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Arens. R-u-d-i-a-k?
Mrs. Golden. That is right. Alex Staber, Katherine Kemenovich.
Mr. Arens. "Would you spell the last name, please ?
Mrs. Golden. Ke-m-e-n-o-v-i-c-h. Steve Devunich, husband of
Anna. Viola Schmidt, Hymen Schlesinger.
Mr. Arens. Do you here and now while you are under oath iden-
tify, to a certainty, each and every one of those persons whose names
you have just called, as a person known by you while an undercover
agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the Communist Party,
as a member of the Communist Party ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Tell us in your own words, if you please, what tran-
spired in this meeting which took place a couple of days ago.
Mrs. Golden. It was discussed the things that have been done to stir
up the people to protest these hearino-s, calling Congressmen, calling
on members of the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People and, in general, trying to get people other than Com-
munist Party members to protest these hearings that are being held
right now.
Mr. Arens. Was there displayed to you at that time any docu-
ments which were being disseminated in this vicinity under the aus-
pices of the Communist conspiracy ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. We hand you a document which has been marked
"Golden Exhibit No. 1," entitled, "Unions Are Their Target." This
committee is severely attacked by a group carried on the document
as the Independent Voters League, Post Office Box 7314, Pittsburgh
13, Pa., Joseph Rudiak, president, Alex Staber, secretary.
Kindly look at that document and tell this committee whether or not
it is a true and correct reproduction of a document displayed to you
2 days ago as a document being disseminated here by the Communists
or under Communist auspices ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
(Golden Exhibit No. 1 retained in committee files.)
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 323
Mr, Akens. Is the Independent Voters League controlled by the
Communist conspiracy ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. SciiERER. Mr. Chairman, at this point I think it should be
pointed out since the Independent Voters League has just been men-
tioned, that there appears ni this morning's Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
an advertisement headed ''Why is the Un-American Committee Com-
ing to Pittsburgh?" Then in the advertisement follows an attack
upon the committee and it is signed by the Independent Voters League,
Joseph Rudiak, president, Alexander Staber, secretary.
It should be obvious that the people of Pittsburgh who read that
ad would have no way of knowing that the Independent Voters
League, a high-sounding name, is actually supported and a part of the
Communist appaiatus as has just been testified to here.
Mr. Arens. Would you give us just a little more detail on what went
on in this meeting 3 days ago, in which 3^ou met with a number of
comrades ?
Mr. Golden. We were coached by Mr. Schlesinger to be sure and
plead the fifth, the first and the fifth, if there were any objections or
when directed by the committee to answer to plead the fifth, be sure
and plead the first, be sure and plead the fifth amendment and if your
counsel you employed didn't make it in time for the hearing that you
were to take the sixth amendment. Stress the fifth amendment at all
times on all questions.
Mr. Arens. Were you instructed on how to vilify the conmiittee and
attack the committee ?
Mr. Golden. Yes. On questions of persecutions of the so-called
minority groups, the deportation cases and to blast the committee at
every chance we had for un-American activities, as they call them.
Mr. Scherer. Who gave those instructions ?
Mr. Golden. Mr. Schlesinger.
Mr. Scherer. Is he a member of the bar ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir ; city of Pittsburgh.
Mr. Scherer. What is his first name ?
Mr. Golden. Hymen.
Mr. Scherer. Hymen Schlesinger.
Mr. Arens. I expect to interrogate you on a number of facets of
the Communist operation here. First of all, I should like to ask each
of you this question : Is the Communist Party now larger or smaller
as a formal entity than it has been in the past?
Mr. Golden. The visible members are much smaller, but it is the
core that is left now.
Mr. Arens. Is the Communist operation now more dangerous or
less dangerous than it has been in the past ?
Mr. Golden. It is more dangerous, due to the fact it is underground
more and it can't be kept track of as good.
Mr. Arens. Can you tell us something about the nature of the op-
eration from the standpoint of the dedication of its participants?
Mr. Golden. Well, initiation in the party covers schooling that you
are trained for, work in the party, to usurp Government organizations,
to function on their directives, to carry out their plans of infiltrating
unions, front groups and et cetera.
30099—69 9
324 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr, Arens. Mr. Golden, at that point I should like to make an
observation and then interrogate 3^011.
I recently read an article which appeared in the Pittsburgh Press
to the effect that a national leader of the Conununist Party was sched-
uled to speak here in Pittsburgh at a jDublic forum on a "political"
series of talks, talks on "political" philosophy and "political" activity.
On the basis of your service as an undercover agent in the Commu-
nist Party since 1946 until this very moment, do you construe and in-
terpret the Communist Party as a "political" organization, or is it
something else?
Mr. Golden. No. I sum it up as a r evolutional^- group. They
used the term lightly until after some trouble. They call it economic
revolution, now.
Mr. Arens. Perhaps it would be appropriate in the order of the
testimony of yourselves, Mr. and Mrs. Golden, if I first ask Mr.
Golden to give a little of his own career in the Communist Party.
]\Ir. Golden, during the 12 years that you were in the Communist
Party, could you tell us the positions of leadership which you held
in its operation in the Greater Pittsburgh area ?
Mr. Golden. I was a member of the executive board of the North
Side Club of the Communist Party. Also chairman of the North
Side Club, later on when security came in, the club was broken up
into cells and I was chairman of a eel], also dues collector; and a
member of a committee of five of the food group that was later
formed. I held several other positions as committeeman in collecting
petitions and getting signatures; that is how they got the mailing list.
Mr. Arens. So tliis record may be absolutely clear, during all of
the period of your service in the Communist Party since 1946 until
this instant, and during all the period of ser\'ice of Mrs. Golden in
the Communist Party, you have at no time been ideologically in
sympathy with the Communist operation, but you were in it at the
behest of the FBI serving your country ?
Mr. Golden. That is true.
Mr. Arens. We expect to explore some of your hardships in just
a few minutes in tliat capacity.
Mr. Willis. Did you over the years give regular reports to the
Federal Bureau of Investigation of what was going on ?
Mr. Golden. Every meeting that we attended, covered, we tried
to correctly identify those present, wliat they said, the outline of the
policy of the party that was instilled in us to carry out, we tried
to give a true and honest report of each and every meeting we at-
tended.
Mr, Willis. Let me ask you this question. Of course we do not
know you and Mrs. Golden, but have both of you taken an oath to
tell the truth ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Willis. And this is an official body of the Congress and an oath
falselj'' taken or testimony given after taking an oath which is not
true, becomes perjury.
Now, what you are saying, you are saying under oath.
Mrs. Golden. That is right.
Mr. Willis. As I understand, you are going to name names, people,
places, dates. You know you have your reputation on the line
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 325
under oath and you know the consequences if that is not true and you
are perfectly willing in naming individuals for them to be as coura-
geous and for them to take the oath and deny. Then for sure, both
sides could not be correct, and then perjury would lie somewhere. But
you are willing to take that chance because you have taken the oath
to tell the truth ? Ri^ht ?
Mr. Golden, That is right. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Golden, would you kindly give us a brief resume
of your own personal background. First of all, when and where
were you born ?
Mr. Golden. In Barbourville, K}^., 1900, August 26.
Mr. Arens. And a word, please, sir, about your education.
Mr. Golden. Two years of high school and I left to join the Navy
in the First World War.
Mr. Arens. What have been your principal places of employment?
Mr. Golden. In and around the Pittsburgh area the last 20 years,
4 years at Allis-Chalmers and almost 17 years at H. J. Heinz Co.
Mr. Arens. Mrs. Golden, although we expect in your principal tes-
timony to interrogate you at length on some matters, would you kindly
at this point give us a resume of your personal background, including
your education, principal places of employment and the like ?
Mrs. Golden. I was born and raised in Etna, Pa., a little borough
right outside the city. I am a high school graduate and for 6 weeks
T have been attending a business school studying key punch. I am
to graduate from that school this evening. For almost 3 years I
worked at Pennsylvania Truck Lines as a clerk-typist, timekeeper,
and most recently, since the first of this year doing clerical work for
the Bailey Employment Agency up until today and I was notified I
was being replaced.
Mr. Arens. Before we get into the detail of the Communist opera-
tion here I should like you to tell us a little bit of the work and the
hardship which you have endured during these many years as under-
cover agent in the Communist Party. First of all could you tell us
something about the discipline of the Communist Party over the
comrades in their social life ?
Mrs. Golden. We were on call at all times. We had meetings in
our home. People used our phone for toll calls without asking. On
one occasion I went to Harrisburg with Miriam Schultz and we got
back about 9 o'clock in the evening and I said, "Hamp will ride
you home."
"No, I think I will just stay here tonight."
She didn't ask me if she could or anything. "I will just stay here
tonight."
He was out all the time. We had no home life, no social life and
couldn't plan on going anywhere. The party had affairs, Mother's
Day, Palm Sunday, Easter Sunday, Fourth of July, things which we
had to attend, and work.
Mr. Arens. Were you permitted to leave this general area without
party permission ?
Mrs. Golden. No, sir.
Mr. Arens. Could you give us an illustration of that ?
Mr. Golden. Yes. ' One time I wanted to go on a vacation to see my
father down in the town where I was born and I was first told I
326 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
couldn't go. We had urgent work and leaflets to distribute. I told
them he ^Yas sick and very elderly and I was going. So it was granted.
They never sleep. You Avork 24 hours a day. You attend maybe
two meetings in an evening and at midnight or early in the morning
you pass out leaflets and literature at plant gates. You never have a
minute of your own, no social life whatsoever of your own.
Mr. Aeens. Did you have any church life or did the party under-
take to dominate that phase of your activity ?
Mrs. Golden. I am a member of the Catholic Church and I was
constantly criticized because of this membership. I was told that it
was all right to belong to other churches, but since the Catholic Church
was so anti-Communist that I shouldn't belong to that.
Mr. Arens. The record reflects, ]\Ir. Golden, back in 1950, in public
testimony before this committee, a witness was testifying about a
number of members of the Communist Party and he identified you
as a Communist, is that correct ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Can you tell us if anything happened at that time from
the standpoint of your activity or the effect this testimony had on
your activity ?
ISIr. Golden. We lost all our friends that were not in sympathy and
T lost prestige in my union where I had been president of Local 325
and had been on the executive board some 6 years. I was a delegate
to the central labor union, and delegate to the State Federation of
Labor. I lost out on all my activities in the union organizations and
also was blackballed from joining the veterans clubs.
Mr. Arens. You are a veteran ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Willis. You were blackballed from the Legion ?
Mr. Golden. I was told that if my card went in, I would be out.
The Veterans of Foreign Wars I was trying to join, too. Out of
embarrassment for the guy who presented me I withdrew my
application.
Mr. Willis. Probably after the occasion of being denied member-
ship, a resolution was adopted carrying out what you really believed
in, but you could not disclose it.
Mr. Golden. That is right.
Mr. Willis. So you had to stand that.
Mr. Arens. Do you have children, Mr. and Mrs. Golden ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir, we have two.
Mr. Arens. Give us their ages, please.
Mrs. Golden. Evelyn is 14 and Thomas will be 12.
]Mr. Arens. Did they suffer any hardship as a result of this identi-
fication of yourselves as Communists ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Could you tell us a word about that ?
Mrs. Golden. They couldn't play out in the yard when we were first
disclosed as Communists and the neighbors would call them Commies
and later on Ave moved and people would bring up the fact that their
mother and dad were Communists and they were embarrassed by it,
asked us questions : were we Communist ? We couldn't even denj it.
Mr. Arens. Did you have to move as a result of the identification ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir, twice.
CtJRRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 327
Mr. Arens. Then may I ask you this question : In view of the fact
that you had been publicly identified as Communists, in view of the
fact you were suffering all of this humiliation and hardship, why
didn't you then come out from the party and say, "We are undercover
agents of the FBI in the party" and live an easier life ?
Mr. Golden. By that time, when this came out, the Communists
went underground and it was more critical to do a better service to the
Government by staying in and taking abuse, I could really be useful,
which up to that time I thought I had been useful, but I felt I would
be more useful to the FBI. I stayed and took the abuse and tried to do
a better job.
Mr. Arens. That was about 1950 ?
Mr. Golden. That's right.
Mr. Arens. It is my understanding from your testimony, it is your
judgment as a member of the Cormnunist Party at the behest of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, until at least you took this oath this
morning, that it is a more dangerous and serious organization now
than ever before, is that correct ?
Mr. Golden. That is true.
Mr. Arens. May we proceed, Mr. Golden, with some of the details of
your own participation in the movement ? You stated that you joined
the Communist Party in 1946. Tell us, if you please, sir, the circum-
stances surrounding" your admission into the Communist Party.
Mr. Golden. I was in close contact witli one Joseph Mankin, now
deceased. He was the chairman of the North Side Club. He belonged
to another local but was affiliated witli the same union that my local
was. He knew my work in the union and he thought it was a good
chance and he tried to indoctrinate me for a year or more before I
finally agreed to join the party to carry out their work.
Mr. Arens. After joining the Communist Party in 1946, to what
group or entity of the Communist Party were you first assigned?
Mr. Golden. To the North Side Club.
Mr. Arens. Can you give us a word about the organizational frame-
work or structure of the party in western Pennsylvania when you
joined the Communist Party in 1946 ?
Mr. Golden. Western Pennsylvania was District 5 of the party.
Mr. Arens. Under whose direction was District 5 ?
Mr. Golden. Under the direction of the organization of Communist
Party offices in New York. The district was broken down into sec-
tions and the sections were broken down into groups. In the city
there were the North Side Club, the Squirrel Hill Club, tlie Hill
group, Oakland group. West Pittsburgh or the UE group and the
East Pittsburgh group.
Mr. Arens. How long did this structural framework remain?
When did they change it ?
Mr. Golden. Up until Cvetic made his expose.
Mr, Arens. Was there a professional group in addition to other
groups you talked about ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, there was a professional group in the city that
none of us ever saw or contacted.
Mr. Arens. What was the membership of the Communist Party
at that time in the Pittsburgh area ?
Mr. Golden. It run into the thousands. We had no way of telling
exactly how many.
328 CUERENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OP COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. How many members constituted the North Side Club ?
Mr. Golden. Approximately between 60 and TO. You could never
know because 30 would attend a meeting tonight and the next meet-
ing would be 30 or 35 more, but there would be people at the next
who weren't at the first. It was hard to identify them even in your
own club.
Mr. Arens. Were you an officer of the North Side Club?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. What office did you hold ?
Mr. Golden. First executive board member and then chairman
of the North Side Club.
Mr. Arens. What constituted the membership of the North Side
executive board ^
Mr. Golden. Well, the North Side executive board had about 6
members at the time I joined. There was James Dolsen, he was the
literature director of western Pennsylvania. Mark Lovett, in whose
home we had a mimeograph machine that ran off our leaflets. Jolin
Vidmar, Rudy Kranish, Herbert Nusser, Joe Mankin, and Harry Ho-
zak who later associated himself with the Trotskyite group and was
thrown out of the party.
Mr. Arens. How did the North Side Club receive its directives?
Mr. Golden. From some representative of the committee called
the City Central Committee.
Mr. Arens. Who were the persons on this central committee who
brought the directives to the Nortli Side Club ? Was Evelyn Abelson
on the central committee?
Mr. Golden. Evelyn Abelson and TVssio Steinbei-g, Joe Mankin,
Dave Grant.
Mr. Arens. Was Ben Careathers?
Mr. Golden. Yes, Ben Careathers was a director on that.
Mr. Arens. ^y]\o were the officers of the North Side Club?
Mr. Golden. Well, Dolsen, Lovett, Vidmar, Mankin, Nusser and
myself at one time.
Mr. Arens. What were the principal activities of the North Side
Club ?
Mr. Golden. It was mostly political at that particular time.
Mr. Arens. l^Hiat do you mean by "political"?
Mr. Golden. It tried to get front groups, church organizations, etc.,
to affiliate themselves with the Communist Party. The party would
try to infiltrate them and get into leadership so as to lead them on is-
sues of public interest at that time; and would also make up a com-
mittee with a high-sounding name and honest people joined it. And
it was a good thing until it was thoroughly infiltrated and when they
would drop out, it would leave the Communists in control of these
various committees.
Mr. Arens. Can you give us the names of the members of this
North Side Club ? And I say for the record, Mr. Chairman, that Mr.
and Mrs. Golden, in order to be 100 percent accurate in their testi-
mony and in identification of people, are testifying from notes which
they have yeiy carefully prepared over the course of a considerable
period of time in order to avoid any possible inaccuracy. We asked
that they bring those notes with them and allude to them freely dur-
ing their testimony today so there can be no possibility of any inac-
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 329
curacy. Would you kindly o-jve us the names of the members of the
North Side Club?
Mr. Golden. Patrick Cush ; he was a charter member. He is now
dead. Matthew Ahel.
Mr. Arens. If you have a name, Mr. Golden, please, sir, that is a
little difficult of pronunciation or a little bit unusual, would you
kindly spell it and then "ive us a word of identification of each person
wdio to your certain knowledge was a member of the North Side
Club of the Communist Party.
Mr. Golden. Matthew Ahel. He worked at H. J. Heinz Co. and
does yet. Arthur Bartl. He was in the language group working
on a now defunct nationality paper that operated on East Street
for a number of years. They moved to Chicago. Isaac Bey, an elder
man, an insurance salesman. Anna Devunich, who signed my wife
up and was on the City Central Committee.
Mr. Akens. Mr. Golden, may I make another suggestion, if any
of these persons has to your certain knowdedge voluntarily disasso-
ciated themselves from the Communist Party you might mention that,
too, please, sir.
Mr. Golden. There was Rudy Kranish, a one-armed paper hanger,
it sounds silly, but it is true. He has disassociated himself but he
was at one time a North Side Club member. Eddie Lange, presently
employed as an orderly at the Allegheny General Hospital. He still
delivers Sunday Workers and edicts from the party in New York
and pamphlets, magazines, and books. Agnes Mankin, wife of Joseph
Mankin, deceased member. She has renounced herself as far as I
know from the party and taken no actual part since his death.
Anne Perpich was in the youth group. Norma Quinn, a Negro
housewife. John Vidmar, he worked on this language paper that
was on East Street. Arthur Bartl. He worked on the language
paper on the north side. Lillian Lewis of the youth gTOup.
Mrs. Golden. She is the wife of William Albertson now.
Mr. Golden. Daisy Bartl. She was the wife of Bartl who worked
on the language group, and Eddie Zuckamandel. He sold papers
on the north side, the Daily Worker, et cetera. Charlie Kerns.
Mr. Arens. K-e-r-n-s?
Mr. Golden. Yes. An ex-radio script writer. Mary Kish, William
Kompus, he was active in the hotel-restaurant. Ida Lewis. She
was in the youth movement. Shirley Nusser, wife of Herb Nusser,
onetime treasurer of the North Side Club. Jean Vidmar, sister of
John Vidmar, active in youth group organizations.
Mr. Arens. How long did you continue to work in the North Side
Club?
Mr. Golden. Until we were broken dow^n for security reasons into
cells.
Mr. Arens. When was that ?
Mr. Golden. Around shortly after Cvetic's testimony. We started
to be broken dow^n. They got wind of something, shortly before,
because of the Smith Act trials that were going on.
Mr. Arens. What was the breakdown ?
Mr. Golden. It was broken down into cells. There would be five
people. One person would act as chairman, collect the dues and
then turn them into your representative from the City Central Com-
330 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
mittee. Those cells, you didn't know from your cell who was in the
next cell for security purposes.
:Mr. Akens. That was called the cutout system, was it not?
Mr. GoLDEisr. Yes, it was the cutout system.
Mr. Arens. The committee is workino; in this field trying to de-
velop facts on the Communist conspiracy and we are frequently con-
fronted with the problem of what is a member of the Communist
Party operation. Does the Communist operation have people who
are Communists in the conspiratorial apparatus who do not have the
status, say, of a member like a person would be a member of the
Rotary Club or member of the Methodist Church or member of the
cliamber of commerce ? Can you help us on that, Mrs. Golden.
Mrs. Golden. Well, in 1951, Joe Mankin and John Vidmar came
to our liome and asked us if we wanted to continue our membership,
that some people were being frightened over Cvetic's testimony. They
were named in the paper and although they were still good people
they felt tliat their actual membership in the party might hurt them
as far as their employment or sometliing was concerned. So they
were going around to ask each individual whether they wanted to
remain in the party or not.
Mr. Arens. But those who said they did not want to remain as a
member were still Communists, were they not ?
INIrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arexs. And they still were in the operation ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir. They could always depend on them for
money and to distribute leaflets in their organizations that they be-
longed to.
]Mr. Arens. Mr. Golden, you have told us of some of the various
units, cells, in this security system, the language unit and the food
unit. Wliat were some of the other units ?
Mr. Golden. The hotel-restaurant workers liad a unit and profes-
sional groups had a unit and UE had a unit.
Mr. Arens. "^^^lat was your group ?
Mr. Golden. I was in the food.
Mr. Arens. "^Ylio was chairman of this group ?
Mr. Golden. I was.
Mr. Arens. Who else was in this food gi'oup ?
Mr. Golden. It was Eddie Lange, myself, Lila Grushka, Matt
Ahel.
Mr. Arens. For the ])ast few years has the Communist Party been
open or has it been princii^ally undergi'ound ?
INIr. Golden. It has been principally underground operating
llirough the various fronts.
Mr. Arens. From whom do the individual Communists now receive
their orders or their directives ?
Mr. Golden. I presume it comes into the city, from the district
leadership, last known to be Steve Nelson. And then it i-s passed
out to the committeemen, central committee, or members that have
been on the committee and it is brought individually to you in your
home or your gi'oup.
Mr. Willis, We will take a formal recess for 5 minutes or so.
(Subcommittee members j^resent: Representatives Willis, Tuck,
and Scherer. )
(Brief recess.)
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 331
(Subcoinniittee members present at the time of the reconvening of
the subcommittee: Kepresentatives Willis, Tuck, .and Scherer.)
Mr. Willis. The subcommittee will please come to order. Counsel
will please proceed.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Golden, I should like, if you please, to interrogate
you respecting Communist Party finances. I hope to cover the front
groups and their operations a little later.
Could you tell us in your own words the basic information which
you have acquired respecting the finances of the Communist opera-
tion, particularly in this area, the Pittsburgh area ?
Mr. Golden. Some moneys were sent in from New York to help
out in the organization of the steel drive. I was told that several
times. But the dues I considered a small part of the money. But then
they have social affairs. Some of them had birthdays three or four
times a year. They would solicit from professional business such as
doctors, people of means, business establishments, drycleaners. These
are the ones that I know of.
Mr. Arens. I will not ask you at the moment, or at least in this
public session, to give us the names of persons who are non-Commu-
nists and have made substantial contributions but could you be spe-
cific in giving us patterns or types of instances in which substantial
funds have been channeled into Communist Party coffers to your
knowledge ?
Mr. Golden. As stated, they would contact these professional
people, people of means, some of them doctors, some business estab-
lishments.
Mr. Arens. Did the comrades make known to these people of means
that they were representing the Communist operation ?
Mr. Golden. No, it would usually be a drive on to protect somebody
or to kill some bill that was unethical to people in their business.
Mr. Arens. Do you have any instance in mind in which any inher-
itances were channeled into the Communist operation ?
Mrs. Golden. There was one instance that I recall. There was a
meeting of the executive committee of the North Side Club in our
house and one Eddie Zuckamandel, who had inherited some money,
was given permission to collect the inheritance.
Mr. Arens. The party permitted him to collect his own inherit-
ance ? Was that correct ?
Mrs. Golden. He was given permission to travel to New York and
Florida to collect approximately $10,000 — when he reached his 21st
birthday. He had been working on the North Side selling Workers
and distributing leaflets and things like that. Wlien he came back
from his 6-weeks' leave of absence, instead of moving back to the
North Side he moved to Oakland and he wanted to get his party card
transferred over to the Oakland Section of the party. The meeting
was held to determine whether they should grant his' transfer or not.
He was finally granted a transfer and after the meeting was — he was
given permission to leave this meeting, it was mentioned that he had
only given $300 of the $10,000 to the party. They expected to get
much more out of it.
Mr. Arens. Was there any accounting of the finances of the party
made to the comrades in the various cells ?
39999 — .59 4
332 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Golden. Now and then a collection was made, the amount
would be announced, $200
Mr. Arens. That would be iust for an individual function ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, but there was never anything said how it was
spent or who spent it.
Mr. Arens. Was there any particular shortage of money for the
Communist operation as you observed in this area ?
Mr. Golden. No. They were always broke but they always had
money to carry on. They raised it from somewhere.
Mr. Arens. I should like to interrogate you with respect to pres-
sure activities that you mentioned a few moments ago. Do you
possess any information concerning the efforts of the Communist
operation and the Communist Party here in the Pittsburgh area to
exert influence on Members of the Congress and other officials of the
Government ?
Mr. Golden. It has been known that they would call on their local
Congressmen. They would have meetings, pass out postal cards, and
it has been known that perhaps they signed a lot of them themselves.
I know I signed, mailed some 10 or 12, with phony names on them.
They would pressure; they made trips to Washington, D.C., in pro-
test of five bills that were passed on subversion, the Mundt-Nixon and
Avhat have you.
Mr. Willis. You mean they would write letters and sign phony
names ?
Mr. Golden. Sometimes ; they would run out of names.
Mr. Arens. Did you ever participate in any of these trips to Wash-
ington ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir ; I went down to Washington.
Mr. Arens. What was the position and what was the activity of the
Communist Party with reference to the basic immigration laws, say
the Walter-McCarran Immigration and Nationality Act?
Mr. Golden. They protested strongly against that and they tried to
influence all front groups to correspond and they tried to influence
unions, pointing out it would be bad for them. They tried to influence
eveiyone to fight and repeal it.
Mr. Arens. Did the party at any time make it known in these
activities that it was doing so at the behest of the Communist con-
spiracy ?
Mr. Golden. No.
Mr. Arens. I should like to interrogate you on some of these front
groups. You mentioned earlier that the last group of the Commu-
nist Party that you were active in a few weeks ago, a few days ago,
as a matter of fact, was this Independent Voters League. Please
explain what the Independent Voters I^eague is.
Mr. Golden. It is composed right now of all the members who are
known to be Communist members. Their idea, one of them, in this
leaflet here, is to fight any committee or any law that tends to curb
them on their activities.
Mr. Arens. On Golden Exhibit No. 1 previously mentioned and
headed "Unions Are Their Target," the Committee on Un-American
Activities is attacked by the Independent Voters I^eague.
To your certain knowledge is Joseph Rudiak, president of the In-
dependent Votei's League, a member of the Communist Party now?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 333
Mr. Arens. To your certain knowledge is Alexander Staber, secre-
tary of the Independent Voters League, a member of the Communist
Party now ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. ScHERER. That is the same organization that inserted the ad
in this morning's Pittsburgh Post-Gazette to which I referred a short
time ago, is it not ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir; that is true.
Mr. ScHERER. Were Joseph Rudiak and Alexander Staber who
signed that ad as president and secretary, respectively, of the Inde-
pendent Voters League appearing in this morning's Pittsburgh
Gazette, present at the meeting in Schlesinger's office a few days ago ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. ScHERER. Did they participate in the discussions that were
held there ?
Mr. Golden. Very much so.
Mr. Scherer. I notice also an ad that appeared in yesterday morn-
ing's Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Monday, March 9. This ad is quite a
lengthy ad and it is signed by quite a number of individuals, more
or less prominent in leftwing activities throughout the country, in-
cluding Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, and this ad reads as follows :
The advertisement below appeared in the Washington Post Jan. 7, 1959 —
and I am reading from the ad in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette of
March 9 —
The advertisement below appeared in the Washington Post Jan. 7, 1959. On
the same day Rep. James Roosevelt introduced a resolution which would abolish
the House Un-American Activities Committee (H.R. 53). The resolution is still
pending.
The Un-American Activities Committee has announced hearings in the New
Federal Bldg. of Pittsburgh on Tues., Wed., and Thurs. of this week. The
following ad is therefore reproduced here as a public service by the Emergency
Civil Liberties Committee, Harvey O'Connor, ehaii-man, Corliss Lamont, vice
chm., Clark Foreman, director, 421 Seventh Ave., N.Y. 1, N.Y.
And then follows the usual bitter attack upon the Committee on Un-
American Activities. It is then signed by the individuals, as I have
indicated.
Let me ask you, at this meeting in Schlesinger's office was there a
representative of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee present
also?
Mr. Golden. One Mr. Foreman.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Clark Foreman, the director of the Emergency
Civil Liberties Committee, was at this meeting in Schlesinger's office ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. And that, Mr. Chairman, is the Clark Foreman, who
is the director of that committee and whose name appears in this ad
that I have just read.
Now, do you remember anything Clark Foreman said at that tune
at the meeting ?
Mrs. Golden. He just told the people that if they in all good con-
science decided to plead the fifth, that they should by all means do
so. He had this particular ad and stated that they were putting
this ad in the newspaper, that he was also contacting different people
in this area to condemn the hearings that were scheduled.
334 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. ScHERER. Mr. Clark Foreman made that statement at this meet-
ing of persons who had been subpenaed before this committee, persons
you have identified as known members of the Communist Party. He
made that statement in Schlesinger's office just a few days ago.
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. ScHERER. Harvey O'Connor, who is named here as chairman
of this committee of which Clark Foreman is director^ — I might say
for the record at this point and for the good people of Pittsburgh who
read these ads and do not know the source of these ads — has been
identified as a member of the Communist Party. I will pass over
Corliss Lamont without any comment.
Then also there is Frank Wilkinson, who signed this ad. He is the
executive director of this same Emergency Civil Liberties Committee.
He was convicted, was he not, Mr. Arens, in the Federal courts of
Atlanta about 3 or 4 weeks ago and sentenced to 1 year in prison for
contempt of Congress ?
And what is the record of Carl Braden, who is also identified with
this Emergency Civil Liberties Committee that placed this ad in the
Pittsburgh press?
Mr. Arens. Carl Braden, likewise identified as a member of the
Communist Party, having been subpenaed by this committee to testify
at Atlanta, Ga., refused to answer a number of questions, was con-
victed and sentenced to a year in jail by the United States District
Court in Atlanta.
Mr. ScHERER. The Emergency Civil Liberties Committee which
placed this ad has been also cited by this committee and the Senate
Internal Security subcommittee, has it not, Mr. Arens, as a Commu-
nist-controlled and Communist-dominated committee or organiza-
tion?
Mr. Arens. That is correct.
Mr. ScHERER. We have issued a report on the Emergency Civil Lib-
erties Committee entitled, "Operation Abolition," which sets forth the
long Communist and Communist front records of practically every
officer and trustee of the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee. Is
that not right, Counsel ?
Mr. Arens. That is correct ; yes, sir.
Mr. ScHERER. And the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation. J. Edgar Hoover, has in a public statement and letter compli-
mented this committee on the excellency of the report on the Emer-
gency Civil Liberties Committee, has he not ?
Mr. Arens. That is correct.
Mr. Scherer. Now, I just want to make this observation, that this
ad, and I don't want to belabor the point, which appeared in the
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette yesterday morning issued by the Emergency
Civil Liberties Committee and the individuals to whom I have re-
ferred does carry the names of a large group of citizens from this
country who are more or less prominent and who may influence the
readers of that ad because their names appear on this ad. It is indica-
tive of how people can be serving the Communist cause and serving
an organization such as the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Golden, when was the last meeting you attended
as a Communist of the Independent Voters League ?
Mr. Golden. Saturday a week ago, Roosevelt Hotel.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 335
Mr, Arens. And who were the Communist Party members who
were in attendance at this meeting of the Independent Voters League
at the Roosevelt Hotel here in Pittsburp;h a week or so ago ?
Mr. Golden. Alex Steinberg, Alex Staber, Joe Rudiak, Nathan
Albert, Gus Santes, and myself.
Mr. Arens. What other front groups were you active in as a com-
rade, as a Communist?
Mr. Golden. Civil rights organization, the Progressive Party, the
two principal ones.
Mr. Arens. In general, what were the purposes of these front
groups ?
Mr. Golden. They were to recruit members to carry out the poli-
cies of the Communist Party.
Mr. Arens. How did the Communist Party members, the comrades
in this conspiracy control the front groups?
Mr. Golden. By helping to organize them and then present their
policies and push those forward and take over.
Mr. Arens. Did they caucus frequently?
Mr. Golden. They caucused frequently.
Mr. Arens. As to how they were going to penetrate and control
these organizations?
Mr. Golden. They caucused before and after every meeting and
in between.
Mr. Arens. Was the Progressive Party of Western Pennsylvania
controlled by the Communist Party?
Mr. Golden. Absolutely.
Mr. Arens. What Communist Party members were also membei'S
of the Progressive Party ?
Mr. Golden. Most all of them. Here I have listed some names.
Mr. Arens. Would you kindly give those names to us on this record
now?
Mr. Golden. J. B. Richardson, Henry Bichner, of Philadelphia,
Pearl Griffin, Rebecca Horowitz, James Quinn, Joe Robinson, Ted
Wright, Joe and Agnes Mankin, Jack Sartisky.
Mr. Arens. That is M-a-n-k-i-n?
Mr. Golden. Right. Essie Steinberg, Sol Garfield, of Philadelphia,
who was there lots, Mr. William Hamlet, Ida Lewis, Alma Robinson,
Allen Thomas, Miriam Schultz, Gabe Kish, Thomas Fitzpatrick,
Vladimir Slomberg, are some of the names. I don't have them all.
Mr. Arens. Who from the Communist Party were penetrating and
active in controlling the Civil Rights Congress?
Mr. Golden. Nathan Albert, Joe Rudiak, Miriam Schultz, Ben
Careathers, Steve Nelson and wife, Essie Steinberg, Allen Thomas,
Rebecca Horowitz, Bessie Steinberg, Evelyn Abelson, Smmy Sartisky,
Al McNeil, Lila and Jerry Grushka, Ted and Eileen Rowland, Steve
Suto are some of those in the CRC.
Mr. Arens. I should like to interrogate you, if you please, respect-
ing Communist Party training schools. While a member of the Com-
munist Party did you attend any schools or classes conducted by the
Communist Party training schools ?
Mr. Golden. I attended three sessions.
Mr. Arens. Where were those held?
Mr. Golden. One was held in Wood Street.
336 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OE COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. Here in Pittsburgh?
Mr. Golden. Yes. Over up in the jewelry store. One was on
Liberty Avenue, I think it was 9170, the second or third floor and one
in Toni Nuss' home.
Mr. Arens. What were you taught concerning the revolutionary
aims of the Communist operation ?
Mr. Golden. We were taught the principles of Marxism and com-
munism and on economic situations and political situations, how to
meet and work in groups in political groups and how to control or
lead front organizations along the party line.
Mr. Arens. Were you told liow to agitate among the masses?
Mr. Golden. That was part of the education.
Mr. Arens. Who were the instructors in these schools ?
Mr. Golden. Bill Albertson, first had it, later he went to Detroit,
and then between teachers we had some four or five meetings in a
housing project in Toni Nuss' home in the South Side and then Wil-
liam Gordon came in from New York and finished the instruction and
Steve Nelson taught a class one night. He was here to talk.
Mr. Arens. Was any emphasis placed upon the objective of the
Communist operation in penetrating labor groups ?
Mr. Golden. The principal target was labor organizations. I was
taught to infiltrate all unions, particularly steel, electrical, food, and
places that had Government contracts ; that later on you would be, if
something happened, in position to help create chaos.
Mr. Arens. Can you give us some of the techniques and strategy
of the Communist Party in infiltrating labor organizations?
Mr. Golden. We were supposed to affiliate, or to become a member
of the union, you attached yourself to the top leadership of the unions,
you worked very diligently and very hard. You carried out all the
directives and make yourself a good, loyal union man and then to get
in a minority position and work your way up in the leadership, slowly
infiltrating into the union the ideas through resolutions on cases that
concern labor or minority groups; you would then influence your
unions through resolutions that you would carry in and work your
way into that so you can control their policies.
Mr. Arens. Were you cautioned as to revealing your true identity
as a member of the conspiracy ?
Mr. Golden. That was inevitable. You wouldn't be any use to
them if it was known in your union that you was a Communist Party
member.
Mr. Arens. During your activity in the Communist Party, did
you have any contact: with the UE, United Electrical, Kadio and
Machine Workers Union of America ?
Mr. Golden. We had a couple meetings in their office. At that
time I think it was the old Wabash Building they were in.
Mr. Arens. These are Communist cell meetings ?
Mr. Golden. Yes.
They were trying to get certain issues before the public and before
the unions at this particular time. One issue was a protest on the
hiking of the trolley fares. They wanted to get the names and to
secure mailing lists and to get people to protest. This was another
way they got their mailing list for these various fronts.
Mr. Arens. Was this protest group completely controlled by the
Communist Party?
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 337
Mr. (xOLDKisr. As far as my knowledge is, yes,
Mr. Arens. Did you also meet at the UE headquarters persons
\A ho were officials of the UE but who were known by you to be
comrades, members of the Communist Party.
Mr. GoLDEK. Yes. Tom Fitzpatrick, Tom Flanagan.
Mr. Arens. Tom Fitzpatrick. What was the second name?
Mr. Golden. Flanagan. Tliomas Flanagan and Tom Quinn,
There were otliers here.
Mr, Arens. Did you meet Harold Briney there by any chance?
]Mr. Golden. No, I don't think I did. Not at this meeting.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever met him as a comrade ?
Mr, Golden. I can't recall if I have or not,
Mr. Arens. Do you have any information respecting leaflets which
were distributed by the comrades which were printed at UE head-
quarters or with UE equipment?
Mr. Golden. Yes, they printed leaflets on these protests and other
things that they were fighting at that time. They were passed out
at various mills. They were printed in the downtown office and car-
ried out of there and put in cars and distributed.
Mr. Arens. In other words, the work of the Communist Party here
was carried through UE at the expense of the rank and file members
of the UE who paid their dues to the UE, is that correct ?
Mr. Golden. Probably true. We gave them no money.
]Mr. Arens. In your work in tlie labor field, have you had any ex-
perience with the Taft-Hartley affidavit as far as the Communist
Party was concerned ?
]Mr. Golden. Yes. I went to protest meetings. I ran for office in
the union after I had been exposed, and I was told to go ahead and
run by the party ; in fact the party made up the slate of Communist
inembers and sympathizers for Local 325. If we Avere elected we were
to sign the noii-Comnnmist affidavit oath and put the proof of the
burden on the Government to ])rove we were members.
Mr. Arens. In other words, you were to go ahead and sign it even
though you were a Communist?
Mr. Golden. That is right.
Mr. Arens. And sign it as though you were not a Communist?
Mr. Golden. That is right. Put the burden of proof on the Govern-
ment to prove we were.
Mr. Arens. I should like to dwell a little, Mr. Golden, on patterns
of activity in the field of Communist propaganda. The United States,
as this committee has revealed time and again, is constantly barraged
with Communist propagand a both from abroad and from sources here
within the United States, In your work in the Communist Party, did
you acquire any knowledge of the techniques of this Conamunist propa-
ganda ?
Mr. Golden. Sure. They would take some issue that had some small
part of truth in it and they would build that up and publicize it and
twist it around to fit their own needs. They would stress civil liberties
and individual rights and persecution of minority groups et cetera,
anything they could get to the front, get to the masses, get money and
help fight, they would infiltrate them.
Mr. Arens. What is the main source of Communist propaganda in
the Pittsburgh area now ?
338 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Golden. It comes from New York by mail and is distributed on
the North Side and to me, I live near Crafton, by one Eddie Lange.
In the past I have received Daily Workers, Sunday Workers, Political
Affairs, and books, that anyone writes in the Communist Party. It is
a must you take them.
Mr. Arens. Do you have information respecting any reproducing
equipment presently in operation by the Communists here ?
Mr. Golden. Not at the present, but in the past we got out our own
information through leaflets. We had a mimeograph machine in one
Mark Lovett's home when he lived on Federal Street and then, as I
stated before, leaflets and things were run off in the UE office for
protest of different things.
Mr. Arens. What has happened in the recent past to the Foreign
Languages Press in this vicinity?
Mr. Golden. That, due to the pressure brought on it, after they
were exposed the circulation fell off, they broke it up here and moved
to Chicago, figuring it would be a larger city and they could operate
better without harassment.
Mr. Arens. Who moved to Chicago, with that Connnunist press,
do you recall ?
Mr. Golden. Well, there was John Vidmar and his father moved
with them. Daisy and Arthur Bartl went with it.
Mrs. Golden. Calvin Brooks.
Mr. Arens. To your certain knowledge, were all of these individuals
Communists ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Golden. They moved with the paper to Chicago.
Mr. Arens. Do you have knowledge of persons in this area who
are Communists and who have traveled abroad to engage in Commu-
nist Party activities ?
Mr. Golden. I know only of one. and that is Anna Devmiich.
Mr. Arens. "\^^lere did she go ?
Mr. Golden. I think to Plungary.
Mr. Arens. During the 12 years that you were a member of the
Communist Party did you become aware of Communist Party mem-
bership of any persons other than those you have already indicated
and identified?
Mr. Golden. I don't know tliem all. But I know some moi'e.
Mr. Arens. Those who were in contact with you as comrades in the
operations in which you were engaged? Kindly give those to us now,
])lease, -NA-itli a word of comment on each.
Mr. Golden. Genne Crockert from Wheeling, W. Va., she is head
of the party down there. She later married. I think it is Kulm, mar-
riage name. Jerry Grushka.
Mrs. Golden. He is from New York.
Mr. Arens. Spell that, please, sir.
Mrs. Golden. G-r-u-s-h-k-a.
Mr. Golden. He was in the youtli movement.
Mrs. Golden. He was.
Mr. Golden. Bobby Jones. He was active in the hotel-restaurant
and food. Communist Party groups that belonged to the liotel and
restaurant workers' union.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 339
Elmer Kish, one time helped organize in Washington County. Nick
Lazaris, who was the head of the hotel and restaurant workers group
of the Connnunist Party.
Milo Mannila, Steve Nelson, Andy Onda, Ted Rowland, Hymen
Schlesinger, Ernest Careathers, Rachel Cooper, Herbert (jlickman,
Vince Kemenovich, Ruth Kish, Al McNeil, Francis McGill, Isaac Bey,
Antoinette Nuss, J. B. Richardson, Eileen Rowland, Vladimir Slom-
berg. There are some more.
Mr. Aw2NS. Mrs. Golden, you testified you joined the Communist
Party in 1947. Please relate on tliis record the circumstances of your
joining the Communist Party.
Mrs. (tolden. After my husband had joined there were executive
conmiittee meetings held at my home. The first ones I didn't attend.
Not being a member of the party, I went to a movie. When I got home
the meeting wasn't over and I sat in the kitchen. After the meeting
was over Joe Mankin had said, "The next meeting we have, why don't
you stay here 'i You might learn something.'' So he prweeded to talk
to me and ask me how I felt about this and how I felt about that.
And in August of 1947 we had a meeting at our home to form a
branch of the (^ongress of American Women in Pittsburgh on the
North Side and Anna Devunich came to our home and Joe Mankin
was there, too. Since they weren't very many women present, some
of them had been on vacation, they decided to postpone this meeting
and Anna Devunich asked me to join the party that evening, and
I did so.
Mr. Ar?:ns. And you did so with the full knowledge and coopera-
tion of your husband, and you also did so at the instigation and
knowledge of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, is that correct?
Mrs. Golden. That is right.
Mr. Arens. To what group were you assigned after you joined
the Communist Party ?
Mm. Golden. The North Side Club.
Mr. Arens. That was the same group to which your husband was
assigned ?
Mrs. Golden. That is right.
Mr. Arens. Since he has already testified respecting that particular
entity of the Communist Party we will not interrogate you on that.
What were your principal activities in the Communist Party, Mrs.
Golden?
Mrs. Golden. Well, I was appointed to assist the membership
director, John Vidmar, to type the letters and the envelopes, call
people on the phone, but my chief activity was in front groups.
Mr. Arens. Of what fi'ont group were you first a member?
Mrs. Golden. It was first called the Housewives Price Protest
Committee and then it was later changed to the Housewives Protest
Committee.
Mr. Arens. Was it created and controlled by the Communist
Party?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. What was the purpose of the Housewives Protest
Committee ?
Mrs. Golden. At that time they were opposing the lifting of price
controls.
39999 — 59 5
340 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. How many members ?
Mrs. Golden. When it started out there must have been about 100
members.
Mr. Arens. In this group of 100 members controlled by the Com-
munists, how many were actually comrades, Communists?
Mrs. Golden. About 8 to 10, at the most.
Mr. Arens. What did this group do ? How did they raise money ?
Mrs. Golden. Well, they went out, they distributed petitions. We
would go on street corners and go out to get petitions signed, sent out
letters and —
Mr. Arens. Wliat did they do with the petitions ?
Mrs. Golden. They sent them to Washington.
Mr. Arens. Wliat Communist Party members were in the House-
wives Protest Committee ?
Mrs. Golden. Miriam Schultz, Anna Devunich, Evelyn Abelson,
Mark Lovett, Agnes Mankin and myself.
Mr. Arens. Of what other front groups were you a member?
Mrs. Golden. Well, I was a member of a peace group that started
out.
Mr. Arens. What was the name of it ? Do you recall ?
Mrs, Golden. There was one meeting held to form a club. It was
more or less a city meeting to organize peace clubs in the various
sections of the city. And then the North Side had their own peace
meeting and formed the North Side Peace Club.
Mr. Arens. Was it controlled by the Communists ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir,
Mr. Arens. Were you a member of the Civil Eights Congress ?
Mrs, Golden, Yes, sir,
Mr. Arens. Were you active in the Rosenberg Committee ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Were you active in the Committee To End Sedition
Laws?
Mrs, Golden, Yes, sir,
Mr, Arens, Were you active in the American Committee for Pro-
tection of Foreign Bom?
Mrs, Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr, Arens, Were you active in a number of other similar groups?
Mrs. Golden, Yes, sir,
Mr. Arens, Were they all controlled by the conspiratorial system ?
Mrs, Golden. Yes, sir,
Mr. ScHERER. How did vou find time for social life?
Mrs, Golden, We didn't,
Mr. Arens, How did the Communists retain control of these
groups? You indicated that in this one group only a handful of
comrades controlled a rather large group. How was that done?
Mrs. Golden. Most of these groups, now the peace group, there were
a few known Communists in it. But they would brino; up an issue
on the floor and get the resolutions passed. The Civil Rights Con-
2Tess, Rosenberg Committee, they were all born by the Communist
Party and it was just another Communist Party meetinof as far as —
there wasn't anybody outside of party members who attended these
functions.
Mr, Arens. What techniques were used by the front groups to raise
money ?
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 341
Mrs. Golden. We had picnics and dinners, and we had Russian
movies. We sent out "appeals" letters.
Mr. Arens. Where did you get your mailing list ?
Mrs. Golden, They had union mailing lists, they had the party
mailing list of people that had contributed in the past and we had
petitions signed, and would take some names from these petitions and
use them.
Mr. Arens. You mentioned that you were a member of this North
Side Peace Club. What was the purpose of this group?
Mrs. Golden. To oppose universal military training, to oppose test-
ing of atom bombs, to protest the Korean war.
Mr. Arens. Do you have any instance in mind which was partic-
ularly significant in connection with opposing the Korean war?
Mrs. Golden, Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Can you tell us about it ?
Mrs. Golden. Joe Mankin lived upstairs over us when we lived on
the North Side. And he had had a meeting up there of his group,
John Vidmar, Helen and Bill Kompus, Agnes and myself. I hadn't
been to the meeting but I was called up at 11 o'clock. The news was
on and everybodv had to keep quiet until we heard the news. At
that time the United Nations overseas were retreating. Joe was very
jubilant over the w^hole thing. He stated that the imperialists, capi-
talists, would never win the Korean war, as our boys were not used
to fighting against guerrilla warfare. They had fought with guer-
rillas in World War II, but never against. Therefore the people's
democracies would win the fight.
Mr. Arens. What Communist Party members were also members of
the North Side Peace Club?
Mrs. Golden. Joe Mankin, Tom Flanagan, Miriam Schultz, Eve-
lyn Abelson, Viola Schmidt.
Mr. Arens. Was Agnes Mankin a member ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir. Gabe and Mary Kish, Nick Kelich, Sunny
Sartisky, Bobby Jones, Bessie Steinberg, Helen and Bill Kompus,
Jerry anl Lila Grushka, John Vidmar, Daisy and Arthur Bartl,
Anne Perpich.
Mr. Arens. What Communist Party members were also active in
the Civil Rights Congress ?
Mrs. Golden. Well, practically the same ones.
Mr. Golden. Same group.
Mr. Arens. What Communist Party members were members of the
Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg case ?
Mrs. Golden. Practically the same ones.
Mr. Arens. How about the Committee To End Sedition Laws ?
Mrs. Golden. Same ones.
Mr. Arens. And the American Committee for Protection of For-
eign Born ?
Mrs. Golden. Same ones.
Mr. Arens. Was there a successor here to the American Committee
for Protection of Foreign Born ?
Mrs. Golden. No. But at the same time that that committee was
functioning they had what was called a Nationality Committee of
Western Pennsylvania.
342 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. What was its purpose ?
Mrs. Golden, This was to fight the Walter-McCarran Act and
Mr. Arens. That is the Immigration and Nationality Act, popu-
larly known as the Walter-McCarran Act ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes. And the American Committee for Protection
of Foreign Born had been cited as a subversive organization and
therefore it was felt that the Nationality Committee could carry on
the work because it hadn't been cited and therefore some people
wouldn't be frightened into not working with the Nationality Com-
mittee, where they wouldn't work with the American Committee.
Mr. Arens. Did you ever attend a victory celebration for Steve
Nelson ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Could you tell us about it, or about them, if you at-
tended more than one ?
Mrs. Golden. They had a couple. There was one in January of
1954 when the State Supreme Court overruled the conviction of Steve
Nelson on his sedition case.
Mr. Arens. Where was this held and how many people were pres-
ent ? Tell us about it, please.
Mrs. Golden. It was held in the Fort Pitt Hotel. Near approxi-
mately 100 people present. Well, it was
Mr. Arens. Was it mider Communist Party control?
Mrs. Golden, Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. In connection with your activities in these front groups
did you ever travel to other cities to participate in conventions or any
activities on behalf of the Communist operation ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Would you describe briefly some of these meetings?
Who were the leaders, where they were held and what you did?
Mrs. Golden. Well, in April of 1953 I went to Philadelphia with
Miriam Schultz and Nate Albert and Joe Mankin. And Nelson was
there.
Mr. Arens. Steve Nelson ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Arens. What was the purpose of your going ?
Mrs. Golden. This was supposedly a CRC conference.
Mr. Arens. Civil Rights Congress ?
Mrs. Golden, Yes.
Mr. Arens. Tell us a bit about it, please.
Mrs. Golden. They had plannecl to get 50,000 signatures on peti-
tions to reverse the Steve Nelson conviction on sedition. And iii turn
they were going to try to get the IWO, International Workers Order,
which the New York State Insurance Department broke up, to help
defeat the Walter-McCarran Act and distribute -3,000 leaflets on the
Smith Act. They talked about trials in Philadelphia that were going
on. Smith Act trials. They made a proposal to Governor Fine to
annul the 20-year sentence of Steve Nelson. And then Nelson spoke
on how he had to go to trial without a lawyer.
Mr. Arens. Did the delegation get to see the Governor?
Mrs. Golden. This was to take place later.
Mr. Arens. Did the delegation eventually see the Governor?
Mrs. Golden. That I don't know. I can't recall.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 343
Mr. Arens. Did the Communists reveal the fact that they were
Communists ?
Mrs. Golden. No.
Mr. Arens. Did you subsequently participate in a Progressive Party
affair in Youngstown, Ohio ?
Mrs. Golden. We both did.
Mr. Arens. You and your husband ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Arens. And what Avas the nature of that affair 'i Could you give
us a word about that ?
Mrs. Golden. Well, they had a picnic in Youngstown and at this,
the Rosenberg petitions were passed around and then they discussed
sending a delegation of 10,000 people to Washington to demonstrate
against the conviction of the Rosenbergs.
Mr. Arens. Was this all controlled by the Communists ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Did you subsequently go to New York City on a con-
ference ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Tell us about that, please.
Mrs. Golden. In October of 1953 I went to New York City, for a
people's conference to fight the McCarran law prosecutions, and Mc-
Carthyism.
Mr. Arens. Did you go to Chicago for any conferences?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, I went to Chicago in December of 1953.
Mr. Arens. What was the purpose of that conference ?
Mrs. Golden. To repeal the Walter- McCarran Act and defend its
victims.
Mr. Arens. What transpired there ?
Mrs. Golden. Well, there was a talk about the people being de-
ported.
Mr. Arens. Did they talk about raising funds to defeat the Walter-
McCarran Act ?
Mrs. Golden. They were to raise $50,000 to defeat the Walter-
McCarran Act.
Mr. Arens. How many comrades went from Pittsburgh to Chicago
for this session?
Mrs. Golden. 22.
Mr. Arens. Did you attend any other out-of-town functions at the
behest of the Communist operation ?
Mrs. Golden. I went to Harrisburg with Steve Nelson, Miriam
Schultz, Sonny Robinson, and Art Shields. When Steve's Supreme
Court hearing was coming up on his sedition case, there were delega-
tions there from New York, Philadelphia, and other areas. They
were to see the Governor to ask him to reverse the conviction of the
State.
Mr. Arens. Did they make known to the Governor that they were
comrades ?
Mrs. Golden. Not to my knowledge.
Mr. Arens. Mrs. Golden, I would like to ask you, as I asked Mr.
Golden when he was concluding his testimony, to give us now the
names of other persons who have not as yet been identified by your-
self in connection with some unit of the Communist Party but who
344 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
were to a certainty known by you to be members of the Communist
Party.
Mrs. Golden. Charlie Soldo.
Mr. Arens. Spell that last name, please.
Mrs, Golden. S-o-l-d-o.
Mr. Arens. And a word about him, please.
Mrs. Golden. He was active in the language groups, nationality
groups. Joe Takacs. He was also active in the nationality groups.
Mr. Arens. Did you know Katherine Kemenovich as a comrade?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. K-e-m-e-n-o-v-i-c-h.
Mrs. Golden. She was one of the people that went to Chicago with
us.
Mr. Arens. Did you know Alex Rakosi ?
Mrs. Golden. Eakosi?
Mr. Arens. Eakosi. You know him as a comrade ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir, he attended that meeting in Hymen Schle-
singer's office Saturday.
Mr. Arens. Did you know Jolm Regan as a comrade ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, he was an active in youth, to my knowledge.
Mr. Arens. Did you know Harold Spencer, S-p-e-n-c-e-r?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Are there others you knew as comrades whom you have
not as yet identified in connection with some unit of Communist op-
eration ?
Mrs. Golden. Minnie Mazur. She is the sister of Becky Horowitz.
Mr. Arens. How do you spell that last name, please ?
Mrs. Golden. H-o-r-o-w-i-t-z.
Mr. Arens. The first lady's name is Minnie ?
Mrs. Golden. Minnie.
Mr. Arens. And her last name ?
Mrs. Golden. M-a-z-u-r.
Mr. Arens. Yes. And a word about her, please.
Mrs. Golden. She was a sister of Becky Horowitz and she helped
out and attended a lot of nationality affairs.
Mr. Arens. Do you know her as a Communist ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Are there any others ?
Mrs. Golden. Bessie Chosky. She was also active in nationality
groups, particularly Jewish.
Mr. Arens. Would you spell her last name, please ?
Mrs. Golden. C-h-o-s-k-y.
Mr. Arens. Did you know her as a comrade ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Are there any others ?
Mrs. Golden. I can't think right now.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, as the chairman knows and as the wit-
nesses of course know, these witnesses have been in contact with the
staff over the course of many months. We have had, under oath, ex-
tensive interviews and consultations with these two witnesses on some
subjects covered here today, but there are other matters which, as
the chairman knows, it would not be prudent at this time to develop
with these witnesses in a public session. Therefore, Mr. Chairman,
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 345
I respectfully suggest that would conclude the staff interrogation of
this session. On behalf of the staff, if you please, Mr. Chairman, we
would like to publicly express our profound admiration and deep
appreciation to these two people for the excellent cooperation they
have given to this committee over the course of the many months
the committee has been assembling information respecting the gen-
eral subject matter of their testimony.
Mr. Willis. Mr. Arens, on behalf of the subcommittee I, and
through this committee, on behalf of the Congress, I should say that
we acknowledge an obligation of this Congress. It must have been a
very grievous and distressing experience to have had one's children
shunned in the community, from one community to another, and when
because they were serving their Government they could not reveal
exactly what their lives were. Unquestionably Mr. and Mrs. Golden
must have been the subject of intensive investigation by the FBI
before they were accepted in their assignment. As far as I am con-
cerned, I do not know of a greater investigative agency than the Fed-
eral Bureau of Investigation. If they have been good enough for
J. Edgar Hoover for the last 12 years they are good enough for me and
this committee and the Congress. And I hope all the people, or the
great majority of the people in this area have the pleasure to know
that Mrs. Golden has been going to school and expects to get a cer-
tification of graduation or some recognition of her studies tonight
and for one I wish you luck in your new life. And I hope that the
friends who have shunned you in the past will understand why you
devoted 12 long years of your life in a worthy undertaking for the
Government of the United States.
I have no particular questions. There are certain areas of informa-
tion that can not now, at least, be revealed from these two witnesses.
I do not know whether we will be permitted to do that later. Our
staff will have to decide that question.
Governor Tuck, are there any questions you would like to ask ?
Mr. Tuck. Mr. Chairman, I would like to say that I wholeheartedly
concur in the statement which you have made on behalf of this com-
mittee. I want to join in your words and appreciation of the pa-
triotic services rendered by these two witnesses. As they have testi-
fied a number of questions occurred to my mind that I might like
to ask. But for fear that I might trespass and transgress some of
those areas which it might not be in the public interest to have dis-
closed, I will withhold any questions that I may have in mind.
Mr. Willis. Mr. Scherer ?
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Chairman, of course I join in the sentiments ex-
pressed by my two colleagues. I happen to know something of the
type of service that these two people rendered to the Government
of the United States. There is no question that this Government now,
as of this moment, is facing the greatest threat to its very existence.
These people have had a part in helping this Government offset that
threat, at least to offset the threat from within.
I join in the sentiments expressed by my two colleagues and the
staff.
Mr. WiLiJS. The subcommittee will stand in recess until 2 o'clock.
(Whereupon, at 12:10 p.m. March 10, 1959, the hearing was re-
cessed until 2 p.m. of the same day. Subcommittee members present :
Kepresentatives Willis, Tuck, and Scherer.)
346 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
AFTERNOON SESSION, TUESDAY, MARCH 10, 1959
Subcommittee members present: Representatives Willis and
Scherer.
Mr. Willis. The subcommittee will come to order.
Counsel, please call your next witness.
Mr. Arens. Alex Staber, please come forward and remain stand-
ing while the chairman administers an oath.
( Representative Tuck entered the room.)
Mr. Staber. Mr. Chairman, I would like to present a motion.
Mr. Willis. Please raise your right hand. Do you solemnly swear
that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God ?
Mr. Staber. I do.
TESTIMONY OF ALEXANDER STABER, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HYMEN SCHLESINGER
Mr. Arens. Kindly be seated.
Mr. Staber. I would like to present a motion.
Mr. Arens. Please be seated.
Mr. Staber. You mean I am not allowed to present a motion?
Mr. Arens. Please be seated. Kindly identify yourself by name,
residence, and occupation.
Mr. Staber. INIy name is Alexander Staber. I live at D62 Talbot
Towers, Braddock, Pa.
Mr. Arens. Your occupation, please, sir ?
Mr. Staber. Due to the nature of this inquiry, I am going to
claim my rights under the hrst amendment of free speech, free opinion,
and I want to invoke the privileges of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend, sir, if you told this com-
mittee your occupation while you are under oath you would be supply-
ing information which might be used against you in a criminal
proceeding ?
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Mr. Chairman, may I address the Chair?
Mr. Arens. Would you please answer the question?
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Willis. The rules of the committee, as counsel knows, are to
advise his client of his rights. There is a pending question.
Mr. ScHLEsiNGER. I waut to move to quash the subpena because
of the invasion of the right to counsel.
Mr. Arens. Would you advise your client, please, sir?
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Mr. Chairman, I am addressing the Chair.
Mr. SciiERER. Regular order, ]Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Witness, would you please answer the question?
Mr. Willis. Counsel knows tlie rules.
Mr. Arens. Counsel please restrain yourself.
Mr. Willis. Witness is here and there is a pending question rela-
tive to his occupation, I believe.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend, sir, if you told this com-
mittee while you are under oath what your occupation is you would
be supplying information which might be used against you in a
criminal proceeding?
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 347
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. I chiim my rights under the first amenchnent of free
opinion, and I invoke the privilege of tlie fifth amendment,
Mr. Arens. Do you feel honestly if you told this committee what
your occui)ation is you would be supplying information which might
be used against you in a criminal ])roceeding?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. ScuERER. Mr. Chairman, I ask
Mr. Staber. The same answer, first and fifth.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest the witness be ordered and
directed to answer the question.
Mr. Staber. The same answer, the first and fifth.
Mr. Sc'herer. Mr. Chairman, I ask that you direct the witness to
answer the question because the question counsel asked him was
merely to test this witness' good faith in invoking the fifth amend-
ment. The courts have indicated that that question should be asked
by this committee when it is not sure that the witness is invoking the
fifth amendment in good faith.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Willis. Yes, that is unquestionably true.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. lu auswer to occupation question in this case
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest counsel be advised his sole and
exclusive prerogative is to advise his client.
Mr. Schlesinger (continuing). Terminated.
Mr. AViLLis. The situation is this: It is up to the witness to invoke
tlie right of the fifth amendment as lie has a perfect right to. But
the point is that in order to invoke that privilege tliere must be an ap-
prehension that it might tend to incriminate him and so on, as coun-
sel well knows, and the question is whether or not he is honestly in-
voking it.
If he has apprehensions that by telling us his occupation it might
put him in jeopardy, it is up to his conscience, but I order him to
answer that question, or to answer whether or not he apprehends
that it might tend to incriminate him.
Mr. Staber. I apprehend this question will put me in jeopardy,
therefore I am invoking the privilege of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. You are appearing today in response to the subpena
that was served upon you by the House Committee on Un-American
Activities?
Mr. Staber. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. You are represented by counsel ?
Mr. Schlesinger. Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Staber. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Counsel, you should be advised again that your sole
and exclusive prerogative here is to advise the witness.
Mr. Schlesinger. The witness w'ants to make a motion and tried
to make a motion, and he wouldn't be listened to.
Mr. Arens. Now, Counsel, please restrain yourself.
Mr. Witness, please tell this committee
Mr. Schlesinger. May I finish my sentence ?
Mr. Arens. Where and when were you born ?
Mr. Schlesinger. I was cut otf in the middle.
Mr. Willis. Proceed.
39999—59 6
348 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr, ScHLESiNGER. Coiisultation between this witness
Mr. Arens. Restrain yourself. Let counsel be advised his sole-
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Spies and informers on this witness
Mr. Arens. As counsel well knows the rules of the committee-
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Your Honor, this committee has violated the
constitutional ri^ht.
Mr. Willis. The witness will proceed and answer the outstanding
question.
Mr. Arens. "VN^iere and when were you born ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. What was the question ?
Mr. Arens. Where and when were you born ?
Mr. Staber. I was bom December 11, 1919, in the community
of Ardmore, otherwise known as Forest Hills, Pa.
Mr. Arens. Give us if you please, sir, a brief sketch of your
education.
(The witness conferred with his comisel.)
Mr. Staber. I am invoking the privilege of the fifth on the ques-
tion— put me in jeopardy.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend if you told this committee
truthfully about your education you would be supplying information
that might be used against you in a criminal proceeding ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. I honestly think this question is a link in the chain
that will put me in jeopardy. Therefore I am using the fifth amend-
ment.
Mr. Arens. How long have you been engaged in your present oc-
cupation ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest the witness be
ordered and directed to answer that question.
Mr. Willis. You are directed to answer that question.
Mr. Staber. I am invoking the privilege of the fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Wliat occupation did you have immediately prior to
your present occupation ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. Fifth amendment privilege.
Mr. Arens. We should like to display to you now a document, which
has been identified in this record as Golden Exhibit No. 1, entitled
"Unions Are Their Target." It attacks this committee, tells about the
terrible things this committee is doing and is signed by the Independ-
ent Voters League, Post Office Box 7314, Pittsburgh, 13, Pa., Alex-
ander Staber, secretary.
Kindly look at the exhibit and tell this committee whether or not
that is a true and correct reproduction of a document of which you
were one of the authors.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. May I read this out loud ?
Mr. Arens. Kindly respond to the question, sir.
Mr. Staber. Wliat is the question, sir ?
Mr. Arens. Did you author the document that has just been dis-
played to you ?
Mr. Staber. I would like to read it to see.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 349
Mr. Akens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest the witness be
ordered and directed to answer that question.
Mr. Willis. The question is very simple. There is no necessity for
you to make a spectacle reading it out loud. Read it to yourself and
answer the question.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. In view of the testimony of the informers this morn-
ing I am claiming the first amendment and the privilege of the fifth.
Mr. ScHERER. You said in view of the testimony of the informers
this morning. I assume you are referring to the testimony of Mr.
and Mrs. Golden. Is that right ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. Those are the informers and stool pigeons I am re-
ferring to.
Mr. Arens. I want you to tell this committee, then, in what respect
was the testimony of the Goldens untrue ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr, Staber. First amendment and the fifth amendment on that
question.
Mr. Arens. You called them informers. We are giving you an op-
portunity to state now whether or not anything they said to this com-
mittee this morning is untrue.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Arens. You refuse to tell the committee ?
Mr. Staber. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. When the Goldens identified you as a member of the
Communist Party, were they telling this committee a truth or an un-
truth this morning ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Stx\ber. First and the fifth.
Mr. Arens. When they stated that you were in Mr. Schlesinger's
office last Saturday with other witnesses and Communists who had
been subpenaed to appear before this committee, were they telling the
truth to this committee or were they telling an untruth ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. I claim the privileges of the sixth amendment, the right
to counsel, and I would like to make this motion.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I ask that you direct the witness to
answer my question. He said these people were informers, and I want
to know in what respect these people misinformed this committee this
morning.
Mr, Willis. You are directed to answer the question,
Mr, Staber. I am still claiming the rights of the sixth amendment
to get counsel and privilege of the fifth amendment.
Mr, Willis, Proceed. Ask the next question.
Mr, Arens, When the Goldens testified this morning that the parties
who attended that meeting were members of the Communist Party,
were they telling this committee the tmth or an untruth ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr, Staber. The sixth and the fifth.
Mr, Arens. When the Goldens told this committee this morning
that at this meeting in Schlesinger's office last Saturday the insertion
of the ads which appeared in this morning's Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
350 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
was discussed, were tliey telling the truth to this committee or were
they misrepresenting the facts in any way ?
( The witness conferred with his counsel. )
Mr. Staber. The first, the sixth, and the fifth amendments to the
Constitution.
Mr. Arens. You mean you refuse to answer and invoke those pro-
visions of the Constitution in refusing to answer?
Mr. Staber. That is correct.
Mr. Arens. Did you have anything to do with the placing of this
ad by the Independent Voters League in that newspaper here in Pitts-
burgh ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. I am using the first amendment, freedom of the press,
and the fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Are you the Alexander Staber whose name appears on
the ad in this morning's Pittsburgh newspaper?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. The first amendment, freedom of the press, and the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. On Saturday in Mr. Schlesinger's office you were still
under the impression at that time that the Goldens were members of
the Communist Party, were you not?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. The sixth amendment, the right to counsel, and the fifth
amendment.
Mr. Arens. In fact at that time you knew they were members of the
Communist Party, but did not know that they were undercover agents
for the Federal Bureau of Investigation; is that not right?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. Sixth, right to counsel, and the fifth,
Mr. Arens. At that time you and Mr. Schlesinger there, your coun-
sel, and the others present were discussing with them how you
would bait this committee when you and the other witnesses appeared
before this committee, were you not ?
Mr. Staber. First amendment, right to free speech; the sixth, right
to counsel; and the fifth.
Mr. Arens. And the able Mr. Schlesinger was advising those wit-
nesses how to bait this committee and how to answer the questions that
were asked, was he not, at that meeting?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. Sixth amendment, right to counsel, and the fifth amend-
ment.
Mr. Arens. Were the Goldens tellinc; this connnittee the truth when
they said that Clark Foreman, of the Emergency Civil Liberties Com-
mittee, which placed the other ad in the Pittsburgh press, was present
at the meeting in Mr. Schlesinger's office on Saturday?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. First amendment, right to free speech; sixth amend-
ment, right to counsel, free speech, and press; fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Who gave you the information contained in the ad
about the voting records of the members of this committee? Who
gave you that information ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 351
Mr. Staber. First amendment, freedom of the press; fifth amend-
ment.
Mr. x^RENS. Do you think it wouki incriminate you to tell this com-
mittee where you got the infornuition that you used in an ad that
you placed in the press?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. I have reasonable grounds as to my apprehension, and
I am claiming the first and the fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Did you satisfy youi-self before you placed that ad in
the press that the facts stated in that ad were true or untrue, partic-
ularly with reference to voting records ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. First amendment, freedom of press; fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Did any member of the Communist Party supply you
with the information contained in that ad ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. First amendment and the fifth.
Mr. Arens. As of this moment, you are a member of the Communist
Party, a hard-core member of the Communist Party, are you not?
Mr. Staber. First amendment and tlie fifth.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Staber, it is the information of this committee
that you have been recently designated by a hierarchy of the con-
spiracy in the United States to be the successor in these parts to
Steve Nelson. I should like now to put it to you as a fact, sir, that
you have been designated as the successor to Steve Nelson in the
Greater Pittsburgh area of the Communist Party and ask you while
you are under oath to affirm or deny that fact.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr, Staber. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Do you know Joseph Rudiak, whose name ap])ears as
president of the Independent Voters League on that exhibit?
( The witness conferred with his counsel. )
Mr. Staber. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. The Committee on Un-American Activities is under-
taking to solicit information, tedious, difficult as it may be, respect-
ing the operation of the international Communist conspiracy, which
is out to destroy freedom everywhere and to destroy the Constitution
of the United States. Its purpose is to submit that information to
the U.S. Congress that it there may undertake to devise legislation
and amendments to existing laws to cope with this conspiratorial
apparatus which would overthrow this Government by force and
violence.
Do you, sir, now have information, current information, respecting
the techniques, strategies, tactics, and activities of that Communist
conspiracy in the Pittsburgh area?
(The witness c(mferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Staber. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that will con-
clude the staff interrogation of this witness.
Mr. Willis. The witness will be excused.
(The witness excused.)
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. At tills time, Mr. Chairman, I would like to
move to quash the subpena to this witness and the interference of
right to counsel. May I hand the motion ?
352 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mv. Willis. Hand it to our director. We will have it for our
records.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, the next witness, if you please, Alex
Steinberg, please come forward. Please remain standing while the
chairman administers an oath.
Mr. Steinberg. I object to being televised.
Mr. Willis. Please raise your right hand. Do you solemnly swear
that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God ?
Mr. Steinberg. I do.
Mr. Willis. The rules of the committee are that until a witness
is sworn he is, of course, not under the jurisdiction of this committee,
but upon being sworn if he makes the request it must be respected.
The TV people will act accordingly.
TESTIMONY OF ALEX STEINBERG, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HYMEN SCHLESINGER
Mr. Arens. Kindly identify yourself by name, residence, and
occupation.
Mr. Steinberg. My name is Alex Steinberg.
Mr. Arens. Would it be convenient for you to keep your voice up,
please ?
Mr. Steinberg. My name is Alex Steinberg.
Mr. ScHERER. I can't hear the witness from here.
Mr. Steinberg. Alex Steinberg. Can you hear ?
Mr. Willis. Yes.
Mr. Steinberg. 5542 Jackson Street, Pittsburgh.
Mr. Arens. And your occupation, please ?
Mr. Steinberg. In view of the fact that I believe this committee
is trying to deprive me of my means of earning a livelihood, I decline
to answer that on the basis of the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. ScHERER. Are you refusing to answer because you feel we are
trying to deprive you of a livelihood or because you fear that your
answer might incriminate you?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. ScHERER. Which is your basic reason for refusing to answer?
Mr. Steinberg. Mr. Counsel, I believe that
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Steinberg. Mr. Chairman, I believe that this will put me in
reasonable apprehension of jeopardy, and I claim the first and fifth
amendments.
]Mr. Arens. You are appearing in response to a subpena wdiich
was served upon you by the House Committee on Un-American
Activities ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Steinberg. Yes.
Mr. Arens. And you are represented by counsel ?
Mr. Steinberg. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Counsel, will you please identify yourself on this
record ?
Mr. Schlesinger. My name is Hymen Schlesinger, and I am a
member of the Allegheny County Bar, I practice law in the city
of Pittsburgh, Pa.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 353
Mr. Arens. How long have you been employed at your present place
of employment, Mr. Steinberg ?
Mr. Steinberg. I invoke my rights under the first and fifth
amendments.
Mr. Arens. What was your employment immediately prior to your
present employment?
Mr. Steinberg. The same answer.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been employed in any activity since
you reached adulthood concerning which you can tell this committee
without revealing information which might be used against you in
a criminal proceeding?
Mr. Steinberg. My answer is the same.
Mr. Arens. Where and when were you born?
Mr. Steinberg. I was born in Pittsburgh, July 11, 1914.
Mr. Arens. Where were you educated?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Steinberg. I claim the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Is that because you were in attendance at Communist
Party training schools part of the time?
Mr. Steinberg. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. What was your first occupation after you completed
your education ?
Mr. Steinberg. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Have you always been known by the name of Alex
Steinberg ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Steinberg. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Steinberg, this morning Mr. and Mrs. Hamp
Golden, testified under oath before this committee that for a period
of time while they were members of the Communist Party at the
behest of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, to get information
to help protect this country against this conspiracy, they knew you,
sir, as a member of the Communist Party. We would like to give
you an opportunity now, while you are under oath, to deny that
assertion. Do you care to avail yourself of that opportunity?
Mr. Steinberg. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Are you now, this minute, a member of the Communist
Party?
Mr. Steinberg. The same answer.
Mr. Arens. I put it to you as a fact, sir, that you are now a mem-
ber of the Nationality Committee of the Communist Party in Western
Pennsylvania.
Mr. Steinberg. Is that a question?
Mr. Arens. Yes, sir.
Mr. Steinberg. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Do you know of an organization called the Inde-
pendent Voters League?
Mr. Steinberg. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. I put it to you as a fact, sir, that since 1949 you have
been in the underground apparatus of this conspiracy operating in the
Pittsburgh area. If that is not true, deny it, sir, while you are under
oath.
Mr. Steinberg. First and fifth amendments.
354 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. Do you know a Mr. and Mrs. Hamp Golden?
Mr. Steinberg. Same answer.
Mr. Arens. Are you now, this moment, a member of the Com-
munist Party?
Mr. Steinberg. Same answer.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that in the pres-
ence of this witness another witness be sworn.
Mr. WiELis. Let that be done.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Hardin, kindly come forward. Remain standing,
if you please, sir. Raise your right hand while the chairman admin-
isters an oath to you.
Mr. Willis. Do you solemnly swear, sir, that the testimony you
are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but
the truth, so help you God ?
Mr. Hardin. I do.
TESTIMONY OF R. J. HARDIN
Mr. Arens. Please state your full name.
Mr. Hardin. R. J. Hardin.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Hardin, what is your occupation ?
Mr, Hardin. I am employed at Domestic Machine Co. as a helper.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been a member of the Communist
Party ?
Mr. Hardin. I have.
Mr. Arens. I expect to interrogate you at length in a few moments,
but for the present over what period of time were you a member of
the Communist Party ?
Mr. Hardin. Off and on from the year of 1931 until 1954.
Mr. Arens. During all that period of time were you a member of
the Communist Party serving your Government at the behest of
security agencies and police agencies ?
Mr. Hardin. That is correct.
Mr. Arens. During the course of your memberehip in the Com-
munist Party, did you know as a Communist a man by the name
of Alex Steinberg ?
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Do you see in the courtroom now the man you knew as
a Communist by the name of Alexander Steinberg?
Mr. Hardin. Yes. That is Mr. Steinberg. That is Mr. Alex Stein-
berg.
Mr. Arens. Is he the man that has just been testifying?
Mr. Hardin. That is correct.
TESTIMONY OF ALEX STEINBERG— Resumed
Mr. Arens. Mr. Steinberg, you have just heard the testimony of
Mr. Hardin that while he was in the Communist Party at the behest
of police agencies to serve these agencies he knew you, sir, as a mem-
ber of the Communist Party. So there will be no question of these
faceless informers, look at this man now in your presence and tell
this committee while you are under oath, was he telling the truth
or was he in error when he just identified you as a member of the
Communist Party?
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 355
Mr. Steinberg. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully sujjf^est that will conclude
the staff interrogation of Mr. Steinberg, and I respectfully suggest
Mr. Hardin be requested to assume the witness chair because we have
a few more questions to ask him.
Mr. Willis. One second.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Mr. Chairman, I should like to make the same
motion to quash the subpena as to Mr. x\.lexander Steinberg as was
made in connection with Mr. Alexander Staber and for the same
reason.
Mr. Willis. What was that?
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. I am making the same motion with reference
to Mr. Alexander Steinberg that I made with reference to Mr. Staber.
I would like to be heard on it.
Mr. Willis. Our rules permit a person to file papers or statements
with the director for our consideration.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. It is a motion to quash a subpena.
Mr. Willis. The motion is received and as usual, it will be received
by the staff.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. I think it is a different category, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Willis. Proceed.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Hardin, will you kindly return to the witness chair,
and Counsel, would you kindly retire, if you please 'i
Mr. SCHLESINGER. A pleasuTC.
TESTIMONY OF R. J. HARDIN— Resumed
Ml'. Arens. Mr. Hai'din, you have been sworn a few moments ago
and in the course of veiy brief testimony at that time stated, did you
not, that for some period of years, beginning in about 1930 or 1931,
up to and including about 1954, you were a member of the Communist
Party. Is that correct ?
Mr. Hardin. Yes, sir, off' and on. I wasn't all the time.
Mr. Arens. During that period of time you served solely and ex-
clusively at the instigation and request of police agencies and our
Government ; did you not ?
Mr. Hardin. Yes, police agencies and the FBI.
Mr. Arens. At no time were you in sympathy with the Communist
Party ; is that correct ?
Mr. Hardin. That is correct.
Mr. Arens. Just tell us, if you please, sir, the highlights of the
places where you served in the Communist Party, beginning, as I
understand, in Danville, Va.
Mr. Hardin. I was a member of the, Communist Party at High
Point, X.C. for a period of 6 or 8 months. I joined at the request
of police organizations. My job there was to check on the activities,
the movements of the Communists. There had been a lot of trouble
down in that part of the country, a lot of bombings and killings, and
the police organizations were checking on it.
Mr. Arens. How long did you maintain your then membership in
the Communist Party ?
Mr. Hardin. At High Point?
Mr. Arens. Yes, sir.
356 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. BUrdin. About 6 or 8 months.
Mr. Arens. When was the next experience you had within the
Communist Party ?
Mr. Hardin. In Danville, Va., from 1934 until 1937.
Mr. Arens. And tell us just a word about your activity there.
Mr. Hardin. I joined the Communist Party in Danville, Va., in
1934 at the request of a police organization, the police commissioner
of Danville.
Mr. Arens. How long did you serve in the Communist Party there ?
Mr. Ha-rdin. Approximately 3 years.
Mr. Arens. Then what was your next service in the Communist
Party ?
Mr. Hardin. I joined the Communist Party again in the year of
1943 in Ebensburg Pa., at the request of Government men.
Mr. Arens. How long did you serve then ?
Mr, Hardin. I reported Communist activities to the Government
agencies to 1954, December 8.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Hardin, the scope of the inquiry of this committee
is confined to certain items which the chairman has specified in his
opening statement. Therefore, we do not propose in this hearing now
to interrogate you at length on a number of items on which we know
you possess information. You have testified extensively in staff inter-
rogations, have you not?
Mr. Hardin. That is correct.
Mr. Arens. Under oath?
Mr. Hardin. That is right.
Mr. Arens. You have been interviewed and worked with our staff
on a number of items, have you not ?
Mr. Hardin. That is correct.
Mr. Arens. For present purposes I expect to interrogate you only
with respect to about half a dozen or so persons in the Pittsburgh
area as to whether or not to your certain knowledge as a member of
the Communist Party these persons were Communists, members of the
Communist Party.
First of all, the man who has just preceded you to the witness stand,
Alexander Steinberg. Tell us a word about the basis upon which
you know he is a member of the Communist Party.
Mr. Hardin. Mr. Steinberg and I attended Communist Party meet-
ings in Pittsburgh together, well, I will be very conservative about it,
3 or 4 or 5 years, maybe longer. He was a member of the policymak-
ing committee in this district.
Mr. Arens. Did you know Alex Staber as a member of the Com-
munist Party?
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. He is the man who preceded Mr. Steinberg to the wit-
ness stand, it he not ?
Mr. Hardin. That is correct.
Mr. Arens. Did you know Nathan Albert as a Communist?
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Give us a word about him, please.
Mr. Hardin. I attended policymaking meetings of the Communist
Party with Mr. Albert during the years of 1948 and 1949.
Mr. Arens. Did you know as a Communist, Edmund Lange?
L-a-n-g-e ?
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 357
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. And give us a word about him, please.
Mr. Hardin. I saw Mr. Lange at Communist Party meetings in
1949.
Mr. Arens. Closed Communist Party meetings ?
Mr. Hardin. He attended closed Communist Party meetings.
Mr. Arens. Viola S-c-h-m-i-d-t ?
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. And a word about her, please.
Mr. Hardin. I attended a large number of Communist Party meet-
ings with Miss Schmidt.
Mr. Arens. Miriam S-c-h-u-1-t-z?
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. In passing may I ask, and I don't believe I asked
you this before, even in our interrogations privately, and I should
have. Did you know the Goldens as Communists?
Mr. Hardin. Yes. I saw them at meetings.
Mr. Arens. Did you ever work with them as Communists?
Mr. Hardin. No. I went to Communist Party meetings. I have
seen them. I never saw them at very many meetings, but I saw
Mr. Arens. They were in different units of the conspiracy than you,
were they not?
Mr. Hardin. They were around some of the policymaking commit-
tees, a few, Mr. Golden was.
Mr. Arens. Joe Rudiak ?
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Did you know him as a Communist?
Mr. Hardin. I saw him at policymaking meetings of the Communist
Party.
Mr. Arens. Steve Devunich, D-e-v-u-n-i-c-h ?
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. And a word about him ?
Mr. Hardin. He attended Communist Party meetings. He was a
close friend of Roy Hudson.
Mr. Arens. Anna Devunich? Is she Steve Devunich's wife?
Mr. Hardin. Yes.
Mr. Arens. And did she attend the policy meetings ?
Mr. Hardin. Yes. She attended meetings. I didn't see her in as
many as her husband.
Mr. Arens. Beginning about the time you left the Communist
Party, the operation was going deeper and deeper underground, was
it not?
Mr. Hardin. That is correct.
Mr. Arens. Could you give us a word from the standpoint of the
importance of the coal industry to the Communist operation in the
Pittsburgh area ?
Mr. Hardin. The leaders of the Communist Party from New York
and all over the country, they class Pittsburgh as the most important
part of the country due to the heavy concentration of steel and coal,
more especially the coal. Roy Hudson made the statement to me,
"The party that controlled the coal controlled the Nation," and they
made a special effort to get a large number of Communist Party mem-
bers among the coal miners.
358 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. You worked in the coal sections of Pennsylvania in the
Communist Party, did you not ?
Mr. Hardin. That is right.
Mr. Arens. We have taken extensive testimony under oath from
you in executive session on that issue, have we not ?
Mr. Hardin. That is right.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chainnan, we have no further questions of this
witness at this time.
Mr. ScHERER. Although you were representing a police agency of
government while you were a member of the Communist Party, you
did not know that the Goldens, who were also membei*s of the Com-
munist Party, were undercover agents for the Federal Bureau of In-
vestigation at the same time ?
Mr. Hardin. No, I did not.
Mr. Willis. That is the way the FBI operates.
Mr. Arens. We have no further questions of this witness, Mr.
Chairman.
Mr. Willis, We appreciate your appearance, Mr. Hardin, and we
are indebted to you for the valuable contributions you have made to
law and order and preservation of and perpetuation of our institu-
tions in America. On behalf of the subcommittee, the full commit-
tee, and the Congi-ess, we salute you.
Mr. Hardin. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Arens. Next witness, if you ]:)lease, Mr. Chairman, will be
Esther Wilda Steinberg. Please come forward. Remain standing
while the chairman administers an oath.
Mrs. Steinberg. I would like to object to being televised.
Mr. Willis. After you are sworn. Please raise your right hand.
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will
be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you
God?
Mrs. Steinberg. I do.
Mr. Willis. Now you are under our jurisdiction. TV people and
photographers will respect our rule, please.
TESTIMONY OF ESTHER STEINBERG, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HYMEN SCHLESINGER
Mr. Arens. Kindly identify yourself by name, residence, and oc-
cupation.
Mrs. Steinberg. My name is Esther Steinberg. I live at 5524
Jackson Street, Pittsburgh 6.
Mr. Arens. And your occupation, please?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Steinberg. I decline to answer that on the grounds of first
and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Solely for the purpose of identification, are you the
wife of Alexander Steinberg, who preceded you to the witness stand ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Steinberg. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend, if you told this commit-
tee while you are under oath whether or not you are the wife of
Alexander Steinberg, solely for the purpose of identification, you
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 359
would be supplying information that might be used against you in
a criminal proceeding?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Steinberg. In view of what has Ijeen stated before I have
reasonable apprehension of jeopardy and claim the privileges of the
first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Willis. I think I catch on to counsel's advice. I used the
word "jeopardy" in a loose sense awhile ago. But I think counsel
knows it is not the correct presentation of the invocation. So I would
prefer that you make a direct answer to the question as propounded
by counsel.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend if you told this committee
whether or not you are the wife of Alexander Steinberg, solely for
the purpose of identification, you would be supplying information
that might be used against you in a criminal proceeding ?
(The witness conferred witli lier counsel.)
Mrs. Steinberg. That might be a link in a chain, and I claim the
privileges of the first and the fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Where were you born ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Steinberg. I was born in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Mr. Arens. And a word about your education.
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Steinberg. I have reasonable grounds for appreliension, and
I claim the privileges of the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you attended Communist Party training schools?
Mrs. Steinberg. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever used any name other than the name
"Steinberg" since you have been married? «
Mrs. Steinberg. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Can you help us on this Housewives Protest Commit-
tee? Were you one of the instigators of that group known as the
Housewives Protest Committee here in the Pittsburgh area?
Mrs. Steinberg. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Do you know a person by the name of Mary Golden?
Mrs. Steinberg. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Mary Golden testified this morning under oath that she
knew you as a membei- of the Conmiunist Party. We would like to
give you an opportunity now to deny that identification of yourself
as a member of tlie Communist Party. Do you care to avail yourself
of that opportunity ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Steinberg. I do not dignify the statements of an informer,
and I claim the privileges of the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Was she misrepresenting to this committee when she
said you were a member of the Communist Party ?
Mrs. Steinberg. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you changed your opinion of Mrs. Golden since
10 o'clock this morning?
Mrs. Steinberg. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you met with Mrs. Golden in the course of the
last few days ?
Mrs. Steinberg. I claim the privileges of the first and the fifth
amendments.
360 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. Wlien were you last in telephone conversation with Mrs.
Golden?
Mrs. Steinberg. I claim the privileges of the first and the fifth
amendments.
Mr. Arens. In what groups are you active here in Pittsburgh ?
Mrs. Steinberg. I claim the privileges of the first and the fifth
amendments.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend if you told this committee
truthfully mider oath about your activities in groups and organiza-
tions in the Pittsburgh area, that you would be supplying informa-
tion that might be used against you in a criminal proceeding?
Mrs. Steinberg. My answer is the same. I claim the privileges
of the first and the fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, that concludes the staff interrogation
of this witness.
I would like to announce that the witnesses thus far have apparently
overlooked signing their witness fee vouchers here. As they prob-
ably know, or could be advised by counsel, they are entitled to their
witness fees. It is customary. If they sign a voucher, it will be
paid to them.
Mrs. Steinberg. I will be there, Mr. Arens, after the session. Now
or either way.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. May I ask the Chair if it is required that the
witnesses sign for their money. If it is not required, I am going to
advise all of them not to sign.
Mr. Arens. Counsel's sole and exclusive prerogative is to advise
the clients.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Merelv a matter of inquiry, Your Honor.
Mr. Arens. They have to sign to get their witness^ fee.
Mr. Willis. They have to sign if they want to be eligible to receive
the witness fee. That is the rule.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. You sav it is required? If it is required, then
we have no choice. I will advise them to sign. If it is not required
Mr. Willis. If they do not want their money, they do not have to
sign, of course not. If they want their witness fee, they must sign the
voucher.
Mr. SciiLESiNGER. They are entitled to that. But if they are not re-
ouii^d to sign to get their witness fee, then, of course, they won't.
If they have to sign to get their witness fee, I will advise them to sign.
Thank you.
Mrs. Steinberg. I don't know what am I supposed to do now.
Mr. Willis. I do not know if you want to take the advice or not.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. She may be excused ?
Mr. Wtt.lis. Yes. Witness excused.
We will take an informal recess for just a few minutes, and then the
Avitnesses who have previously testified may sign their vouchers in
order to claim their witness fee.
(Brief in recess.)
( Subcommittee members present : Representatives Willis, Tuck, and
Scherer.)
Mr. Willis. The subcommitee will please come to order.
Counsel, will you call your next witness.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 361
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, before calling the next witness, if it
meets with your pleasure, I should like to make an announcement and
then make a request of the chairman. Two persons who were under
subpena to appear today have produced doctors' certificates or similar
representations respecting their state of health, A Mr. Meyran
Schroeder, M-e-y-r-a-n S-c-h-r-o-e-d-e-r, also known as Mr. Morris
S-h-i-n-d-1-e-r, has produced a doctor's certificate to the effect that
he is being hosj^italized as of March 8 . Therefore, Mr. Chairman, I re-
spectfully suggest you order that his appearance, pursuant to this
subpena, be continued until such time as he has recovered, or such time
as he is in physical condition to appear.
Mr. Willis. They were both served ?
Mr. Arens. Yes, sir.
Mr. Willis. Let the record show the service and let it be understood
that they will remain under subpena, the subpenas remain outstand-
ing, the service remains, but their appearance will be deferred to a
later date.
Mr. Arens. And the second party is Genne Eva Kuhn from West
Virginia, who has a similar situation, and we respectfully request a
similar order.
Mr. Willis. A similar order will be in effect.
Mr. ScHERER. Mr. Counsel, do you have any knowledge whether this
witness, Shindler, was actually in the hospital at that time ? I notice
the letter says arrangements have been made for him to enter Presby-
terian Hospital on March 8, 1959. I am wondering whether you
know whether he actually entered the hospital.
Mr. Arens. I do not know, Mr. Scherer.
Mr. Scherer. Can the staff investigate or detennine whether he ac-
tually went to the hospital ?
Mr. Arens. All right, sir, we will do that.
Mr. Scherer. This is confusing. This doctor's certificate was
signed on March 2, 1959; and in a paper called The Progress (Penn-
sylvania Township Paper), issue of March 5, 1959, there is a news
article which contains a letter written by Maurice Shindler which
indicates he is going to appear before the committee and will in-
voke the fifth amendment. The letter also, of course, contains an
attack upon the committee and indicates that his identification before
this committee by Matthew Cvetic back in 1950, is untrue. I am
wondering how we had this doctor's certificate as early as March 2,
when this letter, written purportedly by this same witness, appeared
in The Progress under date of March 5 ?
Mr. Schlesinger. Mr. Scherer, may I explain that?
Mr, Willis, Let the staff look into it,
Mr, Scherer, I ask the staff to investigate that,
Mr. Arens. Ready for the next witness, Mr. Chairman ?
Mr. Willis. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Joseph Rudiak, kindly come forward.
Please remain standing while the chairman administers an oath.
Mr. Willis. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are
about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the
truth, so help you God ?
Mr. Rudiak. I do.
I object to being photographed, televised, Mr. Chairman.
362 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Willis. The rule previously announced will be respected,
please.
Mr. ScHERER. Pardon me just a minute on this Shindler matter.
Did we grant him a continuation to a later date? Does the record
show granting a continuation ?
Mr. Arens. The record will reflect I believe, Mr. Scherer, the chair-
man granted that a continuation subpena will be in effect.
Mr. Willis. I deferred appearance for today. We are going to be
here on Thursday.
Mr. Scherer. That is what I mean. Deferred appearance — be-
cause I think this thing should be explained.
Mr. Willis. Prima facie case has been made for it today.
He is to remain under subpena. Tlie staff' will look into it. Whether
or not he will be recalled tomorrow or Thursday or later will be
determined.
Mr. Arens. Has the witness been sworn, Mr. Chairman ?
Mr. Willis. The witness has been sworn.
TESTIMONY OF JOSEPH RUDIAK, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HYMEN SCHLESINGER
Mr. Arens. Please identify yourself by name, residence, and occu-
pation.
Mr. RuDiAK. Joseph Rudiak, 1008 Jane Street, Pittsburgh, South
Side.
Mr. Arens. Would you kindly complete your answer ?
Mr. RuDiAK. What was the question ?
Mr. Arens. Would you please identify yourself by name, residence,
and occupation?
Mr. RuDiAK. I said my name was Joseph Rudiak, 1908 Jane Street,
South Side Pittsburgh.
Mr. Arens. And kindly complete your answer.
(The witness conferred with his counsel. )
Mr. Ri DiAK. As far as my occupation is concerned, I believe I am
reasonably under apprehension that by giving my occupation it would
jeopardize, I would jeopardize myself.
I claim the flrst and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Do you feel if you told this committee what your oc-
cupation is you would be supplying information that could be used
against you in a criminal proceeding?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mv. Rltdiak. It would be a link in the chain. I claim the first and
fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens.. Have you ever been known by any name other than
the name Rudiak ?
Mr. Rudiak. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Where and when were you born ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel. )
Mr. Rudiak. You asked me — what was the question again ?
Mr. Arens. Where and when were you born, ])lease ?
Mr. Rudiak. I answered that question.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest the witness be
ordered and directed to answer that question.
CURRENT STRATEGY AJSJU TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 363
Mr. EuDiAK. I was born April 21, 1911 .
Mr. Arens. Where?
Mr. Rttdiak. I was born in a shanty in Bntler, Pa.
Mr. Arens. Give us a word, please, about your education.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I am going- to invoke the lirst and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. liave you attended Communist Party training schools?
Mr. RuDiAK. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Tell us of all the education you had, exclusive of any
education you had or training you had from the Communist Party.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. Because it will be a link in the chain, I am invoking
the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest the Chair order
and direct the witness to tell this committee of his education exclu-
sive of any education he has had in the Communist Party, for the
reason that there could not be any conceivable link in any chain of a
man's education exclusive of his education and training by the Com-
munist Party which could give a basis for a criminal action against
him.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. Couuscl has heard of — —
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that counsel here
be admonished again his sole and exclusive prerogative as he knows
or should know is to advise his client.
( The witness conferred with his counsel . )
Mr. EuDiAK. I can't understand your question. Here's the thing.
Mr. Arens. Please tell this committee all of the education you
have had exclusive of
Mr. RuDiAK. I want to know whether you mean public schools, high
schools, parochial schools.
Mr. Arens. That is correct. Yes, if you please, sir, exclusive of
any training you had by the Communist Party in its training schools.
That is the question,
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I went to public schools for about, I believe
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. ScHERER. Your counsel does not know that.
Mr. RuDiAK. Just don't know how many years I went to public
schools.
Mr. WiLris. Just approximately.
Mr. RuDiAK. Well, I went about 7 or 8 years
Mr. Willis. Did you finish high school ?
Mr. RuDiAK. To public schools.
Mr. Arens. Did you finish high school ?
Mr. RuDiAK. I also went while I went to public schools, I attended a
language school catechism every Friday. I also attended high school
approximately 3 years.
Mr. Arens. When did you complete your formal education ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I don't understand the question.
Mr, Arens. When did you complete your education ?
Mr. RuDiAK. What education ?
Mr. Arens. You went to hijrh school ?
364 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. RuDiAK. Public schools.
Mr. Arens. Did you p-o to hi oh school, ]:)]ease, sir ?
Mr. RiiDiAK. Went to high school.
Mr. Arems. Wh.eu did you complete your high school training?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Arens. Approximately, your best recollection, if you please,
sir.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. Somewhere in the twenties.
Mr. Arens. And did you pursue any college courses, any courses
in college?
( The witness conferred with his counsel. )
Mr. RuDiAK. Do you mean a recognized college?
Mr. Arens. Any college.
(The witness conferred with liis counsel.)
Mr. RuDTAK. I am asking any recognized colleges?
Mr. Scherer. Recognized or unrecognized.
Mr. RiTDiAK. I did not.
Mr. Arens. Tell us about the unrecognized colleges that you at-
tended.
Mr. RuDiAK. I invoke the first and fifth amendment. I would like
to have a drink of water here with another glass here. I am dry.
Mr. Arens. Help j^ourself , sir.
Mr. RuDiAK. I want a clean glass hei-e.
Mr. Arens. See that he has a clean glass, please.
Mr. Witness, liave you told us of all of the education you have had
exclusive of any education under Communist auspices ?
(The Avitness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I am invoking the first and fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. I don't think you understand me. You told us you
have gone to higli school, have you not ?
Mr. RuDiAK.^ That is right.
Mr. Arens. Where else have you gone to school ? Where else have
you been trained exclusive of any Communist training ?
Mr. RuDiAK. I told you I went to public school, I went to high
school, and I aso went to Catholic ca.techism school.
Mr. Arens. Have you gone to any other schools ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDTAic. I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you been trained in Commiuiist leadership train-
ing schools?
Mr. RuDiAK. I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Over what period of time was the last training of any
kind you have had?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Where were you last in school, training schools of any
kind?
Mr. RuDiAK. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Aeens. How long after you completed this course in high
school did you assume your next training or next educational ac-
tivity?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 365
Mr. RuDiAK. I invoke the first and fifth amendments,
Mr. Arens. What name have you used otlier than the name Rudiak ?
Have I asked you about that — whether I have or not, I will ask you
again. What name have you used other than the name Rudiak?
Mr. Rudiak. I invoke the first and fifth amendments,
Mr. Arens. We want to display to you "Golden Exhibit No. 1,"
entitled, "Unions Are Their Target," It is a leaflet issued by the In-
dependent Voters League and lists Joseph Rudiak as president, Alex
Staber, as secretary. Would you kindly look at the document as it is
being displayed to you and tell this committee, while you are under
oath, whether or not you are the Joseph Rudiak w4io is president of
the Independent Voters League and whether or not you caused this
leaflet to be produced ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel,)
Mr, Rudiak, I am invoking the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend if you told this committee
truthfully whether or not you caused to be produced this leaflet which
has been displayed to you, and whether or not you are the Joseph
Rudiak, president of the Independent Voters League, you would be
supplying information which might be used against you in a criminal
proceeding ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Rudiak. It could be a link in a chain, I invoke the first and
fifth amendments.
Mr, Arens. Are you now, this minute, a member of the Communist
Party?
Mr. Rudiak. I invoke the first and fifth amendments,
Mr. Arens, Mr, and Mrs, Golden testified this morning under oath
that while they were members of the Communist Party at the behest
of the FBI they knew you, sir, as a member of the Communist Party.
Were they telling the truth or were they in error ?
Mr, Rudiak, I invoke the first and fifth amendments,
Mr. Arens, What organizations do you belong to now ?
Mr, Rudiak, I invoke the first and fifth amendments,
Mr. Arens. Now can you tell us the organizations you belong to
of a non-Communist variety ?
Mr. Rudiak. I belong to — I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
Mr, Arens. How many organizations do you belong to ?
Mr. Rudiak, First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Are you now possessed of information respecting the
techniques, activities, strategy, and tactics of . the Communist con-
spiracy, which is to destroy this very Government under whose
flag you, sir, have protection ?
Mr, Rudiak, I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
Mr, Arens, Mr, Chairman, I respectfully suggest that w^ill conclude
the staff interrogation of this witness.
Mr. ScHERER, I have one or two questions, IMr. Chairman,
Mr, Rudiak, as president of the Independent Voters League, when
did you submit the ad which appeared in this morning's Pittsburgh
press, attacking this committee?
(The witness conferred with his counsel,)
Mr, Rudiak. I invoke the freedom of the press and the fifth amend-
ment, and freedom of the press covei-s the first amendment under the
Bill of Rights.
366 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. ScHERER. Do you deny that you are the president of the Inde-
pendent Voters League ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I invoke the first amendment, which gives me the
privilege of freedom of assembly, and the fifth amendment.
Mr. ScHERER. You mean you do not vrant to tell the public that
you put this ad in the paper. That is all we want to know. What
does that have to do with freedom of the press ?
Mr. RuDiAK. The first amendment under the Bill of Rights gives
everybody the freedom of assembly,
Mr. ScHERER. I understand that.
Mr, RuDiAK. You understand that. And also I am invoking the
fifth amendment.
Mr. Tuck. He sure has freedom of speech.
Mr. ScHERER. Mr. and Mrs. Golden testified this morning that you
were at this strategy meeting in Mr. Schlesinger's office on last
Saturday.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. ScHERER. Their testimony is correct in that respect, is it not?
Mr. RuDiAK. Could I address you. Congressman Scherer, is that
it? I have the Bill of Rights with me here, as provided in the origi-
nal amendments to the Constitution of the United States. This is
a copy. I am invoking the sixth amendment, and I will read it.
* * * to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory
process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance of
counsel for his defense.
Mr. ScTiERER. Were you in the hearing room this morning when
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Scherer. Are you ready so I can proceed? Were you in the
hearing room this morning when Mr. and INIrs. Golden identified you
as a member of the Communist Party and as a participant in this
strategy meeting?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Scherer. And also as the president of the Independent Voters
League ; were you here this morning, and heard that testimony ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDTAK. I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Chairman, I ask that you direct the witness to
answer the question as to wether he was here this morning. He read
the sixth amendment, which says he has the right to be confronted
face to face with his accuser, and I just wanted to know. I saw him
back there, and I just want to know now whether he heard tliat testi-
monv. We want him to tell us whether he heard that testimony.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Scherer. He invoked the sixth amendment.
Mr. Willis. Yes. The simple question was whether you were in
the courtroom this morning when Mr. and Mrs. Golden testified, and
I have been asked to direct you to answer that question, I think that
is a proper request.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Willis, You are not being asked about any thing else.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Willis. So I direct you to answer that simple question.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 367
Mr. RuDiAK. I heard testimony by two informers this morning.
Mr. ScHERER. I ask you, Mr. Chairman, to direct the witness to
answer the question. He said he heard testimony by two informers.
I ask whether or not he was present when Mr. and Mrs. Golden testi-
fied.
Mr. Willis. Yes. I direct you to answer that question.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK, I was here when two persons were called on by the com-
mittee and gave their names.
Mr. Willis. We are not going to waste any more time. You don't
have to answer it. I direct you to answer it directly.
Mr. RuDiAK. They gave their names as Golden.
Mr. Willis. All right.
Mr. ScHERER. Did you know those people before this morning ?
Mr. RuDiAK. I am invoking the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. ScHERER. You just read the sixth amendment and said that
you have a right to be confronted by witnesses who accuse or identify
you. Did you hear in this hearing room this morning, Mr. and Mrs.
Golden identify you as a member of the Communist Party, as being
present at the strategy meeting at Mr. Schlesinger's office on last
Saturday, and as being president of the Independent Voters League ?
Did you hear that testimony ?
Mr. EuDiAK. Is that the question ? Is that a question ?
Mr. ScHERER. That is a question. I am not asking whether it is true
or not. I am just asking you whether you heard that testimony.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I wasn't paying any attention to what they were say-
ing.
Mr. ScHERER. You didn't pay any attention to it.
Mr. Golden, would you step forward a minute ?
TESTIMONY OF HAMP L. GOLDEN— Resumed
Mr. ScHERER. Mr. Golden, do you know the witness seated there?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. ScHERER. How long have you known him ?
Mr. Golden. Approximately 10 to 12 years.
Mr. Scherer. Did you know him as a member of the Communist
Party?
Mr. Golden. I do.
Mr. Scherer. Was he a member of the Communist Party as late as
last Saturday ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Was he present in the strategy meeting in Mr. Schle-
singer's office?
Mr. Golden. He was so named in the testimony this morning, yes,
sir.
Mr. Scherer. Is this Mr, Rudiak the president of the Independent
A^oters League as you testified this morning ?
Mr. Golden. Yes.
Mr. Scherer. Now, the meeting in Mr. Schlesinger's office was
arranged about a week before, was it not ?
368 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Golden. Some 2 or 3 days I knew of it. It could have been
arranged prior.
Mr. ScHERER. Who made the arrangement ?
Mr. Golden. I don't know for sure who made it, but I was called
by Alex Staber to attend the meeting.
Mr. Scherer. You didn't go to see a lawyer then, you were just
called to attend the meeting ?
Mr. Golden. That is right and get our instructions how to proceed.
Mr. Scherer. Was Mr. Staber at the meeting when you got there ?
Mr. Golden. Yes. They were all present, and my wife and I.
Mr. Scherer. Was Mr. Rudiak at the meeting ?
Mr. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. All right. That is all.
Mrs. Golden, would you mind stepping forward ?
TESTIMONY OF MARY GOLDEN— Resumed
Mr. Scherer. Mrs. Golden, do you know the witness seated there
at your left ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Do you know him as James Rudiak ?
Mrs. Golden. Joe Rudiak.
Mr. Scherer. I beg your pardon. Joe Rudiak ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Did you know him to be a member of Communist
Party while you were a member of the Communist Party?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Was he also president of the Independent Voters
League ?
Mrs. Golden. I never attended meetings in that group.
Mr. Scherer. Were the ads that were to be placed in the paper
discussed at the Schlesinger meeting ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Did he participate in the discussion ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Now when was the meeting in the Schlesinger office
arranged ?
Mrs. Golden. My husband was told about it the Saturday pre-
viously when he attended an Independent Voters League meeting at
the Roosevelt Hotel and he received a phone call during the week
notifying him of this meeting that took place Saturday.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Schlesinger was not your lawyer, was he ?
Mrs. Golden. No, sir. We were told to see the Lawyer Referral
Service, contact other organizations to try and get a lawyer.
Mr. Scherer. Who told you to contact the Lawyer Referral
Service ?
Mrs. Golden. Mr. Schlesinger.
Mr. Scherer. Did he tell you that as well as some of the other
witnesses ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes. Everyone should try and get a lawyer. If
they can't get their own, go to the Lawyer Referral Service.
Mr. Scherer. Go to the Lawyer Referral Service?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 369
Mr. ScHEREK. And that statement was made at the meeting in Mr.
Schlesinger's office on Saturday?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir.
Mr ScHERER. Was anything further said as to what a person should
do if he could not get a lawyer from the Lawyer Eeferral Service?
Mrs. Golden. See Hymen before the hearings this morning at 10
o'clock.
Mr. ScHERER. See wdio before the hearings ?
Mrs. Golden. Schlesinger. He said, "See me this morning before
the hearings. Don't go in without a law^yer."
Mr. Scherer. Was that conversation addressed to all of the people
present ?
Mrs. Golden. Yes, sir. It was told to me as I was leaving the
meeting at 4: 30. "Make sure you have a lawyer." And then I was
told to contact Esther Steinberg to let her know whether I had got
my own attorney, and as late as last night I called about 10 o'clock,
and I talked to Alex Steinberg, and I told him that I'd gotten
Mr. Scherer. That is all. You may be seated. Fine.
TESTIMONY OF JOSEPH RUDIAK— Resumed
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Iludiak, you heard the testimony of these two wit-
nesses. Is there anything about their testimony that is untrue?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I am invoking the right to counsel, the sixth amend-
ment, and the fifth amendment.
Mr. Scherer. You are invoking what ? Is the sixth amendment —
is that the only amendment that you invoke ?
Mr. RuDiAK. And the fifth.
Mr. Scherer. And the fifth.
You would not say that any part of the testimony of these people
whom you refer to as informers is untrue then, would you ?
Mr. RuDiAK. I am invoking the first and fifth amendments to the
Bill of Rights.
Mr. Scherer. The fact is, Mr. Iludiak, you are the one who as
president of the Independent Voters League called the meeting in
Schlesinger's office, are you not ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. RuDiAK. I am invoking the sixth amendment, right to counsel,
and the fifth amendment.
Mr. Scherer. I have no further questions of this witness.
Mr. Willis. The witness is excused.
Mr. Arens. The next witness, if you please, Mr. Chairman, will
be Viola Schmidt.
Kindly come forward and please remain standing while the chair-
man administers an oath.
Mr. Willis. Kindly raise your right hand.
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give
will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you God?
Miss Schmidt. I do, and I do object to being televised.
Mr. Willis. Yes.
370 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Miss Schmidt. And I also protest, Mr. Chairman, I think they are
taking undue advantage of a woman.
Mr. Willis. Put out tlie television lights please.
Miss Schmidt. I mean it, too.
Mr. Willis. Respect that rule please.
TESTIMONY OF VIOLA SCHMIDT, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HYMEN SCHLESINGEE
Mr. Arens. Kindly identify 5^ourself by name, residence, and
occupation.
IMiss Schmidt. My name is Viola Schmidt, as j^ou know.
Mr. ScHERER. Raise your voice. We cannot hear you.
Miss Schmidt. My name is Viola Schmidt. My address is 3454
Ward Street.
Mr. Arens. And your occupation, please ?
(The witness conferred with lier counsel.)
Miss Schmidt, (xentlemen, I must stand on my rights.
Mr. ScHERER. Pardon?
INIiss Schmidt. Can you hear me now? Would this help any?
Mr. SciiERER. We cannot hear way up here.
Miss Schmidt. My voice isn't very large. I know it.
Mr. ScHERER. I think if you get close to the mike we can.
Miss Schmidt. I must stand on my rights. The first and fifth
amendments to the Constitution in refusing to answer that question
because that could possibly do me harm.
Mr. Arens. Do you feel you could be prosecuted criminally if you
told this committee what your occupation is?
Miss Schmidt. Gentlemen, it might possibly be a link in the chain
which might jeopardize me and I must stand on these rights.
Mr. Arens. You are appearing today in response to a subpena which
was served upon you by this committee ?
Miss Schmidt. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. And you are represented by counsel ?
Miss Schmidt. I am.
Mr. Arens. Counsel, please identify yourself on this record.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. My name is Hymen Schlesinger, of Pitts-
burgh, Pa.
Mr. Arens. And, Counsel, you represented the two previous wit-
nesses, I believe ? We failed to get that on the record.
Mr. ScHLESTNGER. Y^es, that is true.
Mr. Arens. Now, ma'am tell us where you were born.
Miss Schmidt. I was born in Pittsburgh.
Mr. Arens. When?
Miss Schmidt. August 22, 1921.
Mr. Arens. Give us a word about your education.
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. Gentlemen, again I must claim my rights under the
first and fifth amendments to the Constitution of the United States in
refusing to answer that question because it could possibly be a link
in a chain which might possibly injure me.
Mr. Arens. Did you attend high school ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
CURRENT STRATEGY AND 'J^ACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 371
Miss Schmidt. Yes.
Mr. Arens. ^^^lere?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. Fifth Avenue High School.
Mr. Arexs. When did you o-raduate, if you did graduate?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. I liave no objection to answering that question.
However, I am a little hazy about the year in which I graduated.
Mr. Arens. Your best recollection.
(The Avitness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss ScioiiDT. I would say a})proximately 1939, 1940, 1941.
Mr. Arens. Did that complete your formal education ^
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. I had 4 years of university training.
Mr. Arens. Where?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. Duquesne University.
Mr. Arens. Did you graduate?
Miss Schmidt. "\\^ien ? That was, I believe, 1945.
Mr. Arens. In what course did you receive your degree ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. Field of education.
Mr. Arens. Did that complete your formal education ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. I took further courses toward a master's degree.
Mr. Arens. Where, please ?
Miss Schmidt. Duquesne.
Mr. Arens. Did that then complete your formal education?
Miss Schmidt. Well
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. Well, if by that you mean public schools.
Mr, Arens. Non-Communist we will stipulate for the moment.
Miss Schmidt. Education, then the answer would be "Yes.'*
Mr. Arens. That completed your formal education. Now, tell us
what other training you have had besides the training that you have
just described on this record.
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. I must claim my rights under the first and fifth
amendments.
Mrs. Arens. Have you received training by the Communist con-
spiracy in the Pittsburgh area ?
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Were you a Communist while you were in attendance
at Duquesne University ?
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Are you now, at this moment, a Communist?
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Do you know a lady by the name of Mary Golden ?
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Mary Golden testified that while she was a member of
the Communist Party she knew you as a member of the Communist
Party. Was she truthful in that identification ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
372 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Are you Miss or Mrs. Schmidt?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. That surely can't incriminate me. I am Miss.
Mr. Arens. It is the information of this committee that you have
been exceedingly active in promoting Communist programs and com-
munism among youth groups in the Pittsburgh area. Would you now
while you are under oath tell this committee whether or not you have
been instrumental in promoting communism among the youth of this
area ?
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. What groups did you belong to when you were in at-
tendance at Duquesne University ?
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Are you now a member of the conspiratorial organiza-
tion dedicated to the overthrow of the Constitution of the United
States and the Government of the United States hj force and violence ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr, Arens. Did you attend an}'^ meeting with other comrades in
the course of the last 10 days in anticipation of 3^our appearance here
today ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. I believe this question is in violation of my rights
of not only the first and fifth amendments, but the sixth amendment
which entitled everyone
Mr. Arens. No ; we will never concede it is in violation of any right.
It is only a question we have a right to ask, and if you feel honestly
that a truthful answer to that question might tend to give information
which could be used against you in a criminal proceeding you have a
privilege under the Constitution to decline to answer that question.
Miss Schmidt. This also violates my right to counsel.
Mr. Arens. Just so the record is clear. I am making an assertion it
does not violate any rights. It is only an assertion by yourself that
it violates a right. Kindly tell this committee your response to the
principal question which is outstanding.
Miss Schmidt. I am sorry. I didn't get your question.
Mr. Arens. The question is, Have you, since you were subpenaed
by this committee, been in session with persons known by you to be
members of the Communist Party for the purpose of devising your
strategy and tactics in your appearances before this committee today?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments and also the sixth
amendment.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been known by any name other than the
name Viola Schmidt ?
Miss Schmidt. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, that will con-
clude the staff interrogation of this witness.
Mr. Willis. The witness is excused.
Mr. Arens. The next witness, if you please, Mr. Chairman, will
be Nathan Albert.
Kindly come forward.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 373
Mr. Willis. Please raise your right hand.
Do you solemnly swear the testimony you are about to give will be
the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Mr. Albert. I do.
TESTIMONY OF NATHAN ALBERT, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HARRY CAPLAN
Mr. Arens. Please identify yourself by name, residence, and oc-
cupation.
Mr. Albert. My name is Nathan Albert. I live at 5121 Centre
Avenue, Pittsburgh. Eelation to the third part of that question, I
claim the privilege of the first and fifth amendment.
Mr. Caplan. Counsel would like to make a statement, please.
Mr. Akens. You are appearing today, Mr. Albert, in response to a
subpena which has been served on you by this committee ?
Mr. Albert. It is true, and I have counsel here with the help of
the Pittsburgh Bar Association, who is sitting beside me, who says
he wishes to make a statement.
Mr. Arens. Counsel, will you kindly identify yourself on this
record ?
Mr. Caplan. Gentlemen, I have just been here about 10 or 15 min-
utes. I am one of the attorneys here because of the referral service
that is provided by the Allegheny County Bar Association. And as a
servant of the court and as a member of that organization, I acceded
to their insistent request that I be here as counsel for one of the gentle-
men. I might say at that time
Mr. Willis. That is perfectly proper.
Mr. Caplan. I am just making that statement just as a matter of
record for whoever it may be.
Mr. Willis. We appreciate your remark. You have not identified
yourself.
Mr. Caplan. My name is Harry Caplan. My address is 1308
Law and Finance Building here in Pittsburgh.
Mr. Arens. Whei-e and when were you born, Mr. Albert ?
Mr. Albert. I was born in Pittsburgh in 1910.
Mr. Arens. And give us a word about your education.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. In relation to that question, I wish to claim the privi-
lege of the first and fifth amendments, since there may be links that
may lead to criminal proceedings.
Mr. Arens. Did you attend high school ?
Mr. Albert. I claim the first and fifth in relation to that question
also, on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Did you attend college?
Mr. Albert. I claim the same grounds on that question.
Mr. Arens. Did you attend Communist Party training schools, un-
derground training schools ?
Mr. Albert. I will claim the privileges of the first and fifth amend-
ments to that question.
Mr. Arens. How long have you been employed at your present
pi ace of employment ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
374 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Albert. I will use the first and fifth amendments on that ques-
tion.
Mr. Arens. Are you employed at tlie Montefiore Hospital here in
the Pittsburgh area ?
Mr. Caplan. Is the question "you are" or "you were" ?
Mr. Arens. Are you ?
Mr. Albert. I refuse to answer that question on the basis of tlie first
and fifth amendments.
Mr. ScHERER. Mr. Chairman, I am going to ask you to direct the
witness to answer that question because I cannot possibly see how an-
swering that question could be incriminating, as to whether he is em-
ployed at a hospital here. How could that in any way incriminate
him ? I ask you to direct the witness.
Mr. Albert. I feel there may be a link.
Mr. Caplan. Just a minute. Is there something from the Chair ?
Mr. Willis. I will have to direct him to answer because this is
testing his good faith in the proper invocation. Now, if he has a
reason to invoke which does not appear on its face he may so state,
and I understand he was about to do so.
Mr. Caplan. Just a moment. He did invoke the first and fifth
amendments.
Mr. "Wii>LTs. On its face. On its face that is not a proper invoca-
tion unless he has feared that to reveal his employment would tend
to incriminate him or subject him to criminal prosecution.
Mr. Caplan. Would you please repeat the question ?
Mr. Arens. The question was a direction from the chairman to
answer the question as to whether or not he is employed in a hospital
here in the Pittsburgh area.
Mr, Albert. I believe you mentioned the name Montefiore
Hospital?
Mr. Arens. Yes.
Mr. Albert. My memory is very good.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. I fear tliat it may.
Mr. Caplan. Just a minute.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. Well, I am not now working. I am unemployed, so
I am not working at the Montefiore Hospital.
Mr. Arens. When were you last working there?
INIr. Albert. About a few weeks ago.
Mr. Arens. How long did you work there ?
Mr. Albert. Less than a year.
Mr. Arens. What was your employment immediately prior to your
employment at the hospital ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. On the basis that this may lead to incriminate me I
therefore plead the first and the fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. What was your employment activity at the hospital?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. Painting.
Mr. Arens. Have you been engaged in any occupation since you
completed your formal education up to and including the time that
you began your employment at the hospital concerning which you
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 375
can tell this committee without revealing information that might be
used against you in a criminal proceeding?
Mr. Albert. In relation to that question I must plead the first
and the fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been convicted of a criminal offense?
Mr. Albert. In relation to that question I must plead the
Mr. Arens. Were you convicted in 1948 and later served 18 months
in the Allegheny County Workhouse ?
Mr. Albert. I must plead the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest the witness be
ordered and dii'ected to answer that question. He has been convicted
and has served his time. I can conceive of no possible basis upon
whicli an answer to the question as to whether or not lie has been
convicted, reflected in a court record, could possibly incriminate him.
Mr. Caplan. May I make a statement, please? I am in a most
peculiar position. May I say something, please?
Mr. Willis. I am afraid not.
Mr. Caplan. Before the Chair, and may I answer that comment,
please ?
Ml'. Arens. Your sole and exclusive prerogative is to advise your
client, and abide by the ruling of the Chair.
Mr. Caplan. I will abide by the Chair. I would like to make a
statement.
Mr. Arens. Your sole and exclusive prerogative is to advise your
client.
Mr. Willis. You should only advise your client.
Mr. Caplan. Excuse me,
Mr. Willis. Has he invoked his privilege ?
Mr, Caplan. Yes, he did.
Mr. Willis. I think perhaps he will be directed, that the Chair
will unless counsel presses it awfully hard.
Mr, Caplan. I am not trying to press. Gentlemen, please under-
stand.
Do I understand — just a moment, please.
Mr. Arens. Counsel, we are going on to another question.
Mr. Willis. I am not directing him to say any more. I am com-
pletely satisfied with that.
Mrs. Arens. Have you been active in the Committee To End Sedi-
tion Laws ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. I invoke the first and fifth amendent.
Mr. SoHERER. Wliat was the question. I did not hear the last ques-
tion, Counsel.
Mr. Arens. Have you been active in the Committee To End Sedi-
tion Laws ?
Mr. Willis. Would you kindly give us an answer to the question,
please, sir?
Mr. Albert. I answered that with invoking the first and fifth
amendment.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been known by any name other than the
name Nathan Albert?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
376 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. Do you know a Mr. and Mrs. Hamp Golden?
Mr. Albert. I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. They identified you this morning as a person known
by them to a certainty to be a member of the Communist Party. Were
they in error in their identification or were they accurate and truthful ?
Mr. Albert. I invoke the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. I hand you now an article from the Worker, Sunday,
June 29, 1952, entitled "To Welcome Nate Albert Home." A welcome-
home party for Nate Albert being given by the Civil Eights Congress
at the Jewish Cultural Center, 6328 Forbes. It tells about Albert being
released from his imprisomnent and his sentence for inciting a riot.
It quotes Nathan Albert about how happy he is to learn what all has
been accomplished and the like. Would you kindly look at this photo-
static reproduction of the Communist Worker, with reference to this
celebration welcoming you home from your imprisonment and tell this
committee while you are under oath whether or not the statements
attributed to you there, the contents of the article are substantially true
and correct.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr, Albert. I will invoke the first and fifth amendments to this
question.
Mr. Arens. Were you a member of the Communist Party at the
time you were convicted of inciting to riot?
Mr. Albert. I invoke the first amendment and the fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that the docu-
ment which has been displayed to the witness be appropriately marked
and incorporated by reference in this record.
Mr. Willis. It is so ordered.
(Document marked "Albert Exhibit No. 1" and retained in com-
mittee files.)
Mr. Arens. We want to show you a photostatic reproduction of
an article appearing in the September 13, 1949, Daily Worker, a letter
to Ben Gold signed, "Nathan Albert," which states —
The trial of the 12 is a trial against every American who loves freedom and
democracy and hates fascism and its instigators.
It tells all about what is being done to fight the trial of the 12 Com-
munist leaders and according to the author there is enclosed a check
apparently for that purpose.
Kindly look at this document, which is being handed to you, and
tell this committee whether or not that is a true and correct repro-
duction of a letter sent by yourself on behalf of the 12 Communist
traitors who were being tried then in Foley Square.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. I invoke the first and the fifth amendments on that
question.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, that this docu-
ment be appropriately marked and incorporated by reference in
this record.
Mr. Willis. Let it be so marked and incorporated.
(Document marked "Albert Exhibit No. 2" and retained in com-
mittee files.)
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 377
Mr. Akens. Now I should like to hand you, if you please, sir, a
photostatic reproduction of another article appearing in the Daily
Worker, January 7, 1946, entitled, "Pittsburgh CP To Honor Vets,^'
Avhich states :
A tribute to Comuiuiiist servicemen Ivilled in the war and to 50 Comniiiuist
veterans now returned will be held in Pittsburgh, January 20, by the Communist
orgaiuizatiou there.
It tells about the number of Communist veterans to be honored, in-
cluding, according to this article, Nathan Albert, active in the strug-
gles of the electrical workers.
Kindly look at this article that is being handed to you and tell this
committee while you are under oath were the facts represented in this
article true and correct to your certain knowledge?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. I invoke the first and the fifth amendment to thai;
question.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, this document
be appropriately marked and incorporated by reference in this record.
Mr. Willis. Let it be so marked and incorporated.
(Document marked "Albert Exhibit No. 3" and retained in com-
mittee files.)
Mr. Arens. Now I display to you a photostatic reproduction of a
letter received by a former chairman of the Committee on Un-
American Activities in Washington, D.C., protesting certain investi-
gations by this committee as being un-Constitutional and unwar-
ranted, beyond the constitutional scope of the committee and the like.
Signed, "Nathan Albert, 6308 Forward Avenue, Pittsburgh 17, Pa."
Kindly look at that document being dis]3layed to you now and tell
Ihis committee while you are under oath whether that is a true and
correct reproduction of a letter sent by you to a former chairman of
this committee.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Albert. I invoke the first and the fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Were you a member of the Communist conspiracy when
you sent that letter to Washington, D.C. ?
Mr. Albert. Mr. Chairman, I invoke the first and the fifth amend-
ments.
(Document marked "Albert Exliibit No. 4" and retained in com-
mittee files.)
Mr. Arens. Are you now, this very instant, a member of an or-
ganization dedicated to the overthrow of the Government of the
United States by force and violence?
Mr. Albert. Mr. Chairman, I invoke the first and the fifth amend-
ments.
Mr. Arens. I have one more question, Mr. Chairman.
I hand you a document entitled, "Unions Are Their Target," issued
bv the Independent Voters League, Joseph Rudiak, president, Alex-
ander Staber, secretary. Kindly look at that document already iden-
tified on this record (Golden Exhibit No. 1) and tell the committee
whether you were instrumental in the dissemination of that article in
the Pittsburgh area in the course of the last several days.
Mr. Albert. Mr. Chairman, I invoke the first anri tlie fifth amend-
ment.
378 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that will con-
clude the staff interrogation of tliis witness.
Mr. Willis. The Chair wishes to thank Mr. Caplan for his appear-
ance here and the local bar for providing this service.
Mr. Caplan. Thank you very much. I didn't realize that under
the powers of your committee, counsel cannot make any statement or
question. 1 didn't realize that.
(Witness excused.)
(Mr. Scherer left the room.)
Mr. Arens. The next witness, if you please, Mr. Chairman, will be
Miriam Schultz.
Kindly come forward.
Mr. S'cHLESiNGER. Mr. Chairman, the lights hurt her eyes.
Mr. Willis. Turn off the lights. Kindly raise the right hand.
Do you solemnly swear the testimony you are about to give will be
the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Mrs. Schultz. I do.
TESTIMONY OF MIRIAM SCHULTZ, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HYMEN SCHLESINGER
INIr. Arens. Please identify yourself by name, residence, and occu-
pation.
Mrs. Schultz. My name is Miriam Schultz. I live at 2715 Murray
Avenue, and I am a housewife.
Mr. Arens. You are appearing today, Mre. Schultz, in response to
a subpena served upon you by this committee?
Mrs. Schultz. That is right.
Mr. Arens. You are represented by counsel ?
Mrs. Schultz. That is right.
Mr. Arens. Counsel, kindly identify yourself on this record.
Mr. ScHLESiNGER. My name is Hymen Schlesinger and my address
is the Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Mr. Arens. Please give us a word about your education, Mrs.
Schultz.
Mrs. Schultz. I was educated in the public schools of Pittsburgh.
Mr. Arens. And did you go to college ?
Mi-s. Schultz. No.
Mr. Arens. Did that conclude your formal education, the public
schools ?
Mrs. Schultz. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Did you receive any training other than the training
you have received in public schools ?
Mrs. Schultz. I decline to answer that question on the grounds of
the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you received training in Communist Party lead-
ership training, underground training schools ?
Mrs. Schultz. First and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you been known by any name other than the name
Miriam Schultz since you were married ?
IMrs. Schultz. First and fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Have you in the course of the last several years gone to
see the Governor of this State, the then Governor of this State on be-
half of certain causes in which vou were active?
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 379
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. ScHULTz. Mr. Counsel, I decline to answer that on the grounds
that the right of petition for redress of grievances is involved. There-
fore, the hrst amendment. And the fifth amendment as well.
Mr. Arens. We are not undertaking to preclude your right to go
there. We want to interrogate you with respect to that and particu-
larly within the jurisdiction of this committee to determine whether
or not when you went, you went as an agent of an international Com-
munist conspiracy or whether you went as a citizen. Now, we would
like to show you a tliermofax reproduction of an article appearing in
the May 29, 1953, Communist Daily Worker, "20 Delegates Present
Nelson's Case in Pennsylvania Governor's Office," w^hich indicates
that Miriam Schultz was spokesman of the Pittsburgh delegation.
Kindly look at this document which is being handed to you and tell
this committee whether or not that document truthfully and accu-
rately reproduces the facts in respect to your visit to the office of the
Governor as a spokesman for a group in the Pittsburgli area.
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Schultz. ]\Ir. Counsel, may I request that we have no pic-
tures ? I don't know whether I did make that request or not.
Mr. Arens. Yes, and the chairman ordered during your testimony
there be no pictures.
Mrs. Schultz. Thank you.
Mr. Arens. Would you kindly answer the question?
Mrs. Schultz, On the grounds of the first amendment, as well as
of the fifth, I decline to answer that question.
]\Ir. Arens. Did you tell the Governor and did you tell the State
officials when you went there you were an agent of the Communist
conspiracy to bring pressure on them or make representations to them ?
Mrs. Schultz. On the grounds of the first and the fifth amendment
I decline to answer the question. The right of petition for redress of
grievances is here involved.
(Document marked "Schultz Exhibit No. 1" and retained in com-
mittee files.)
Mr. Arens. Are you or have you in the recent past been executive
secretary of the Pittsburgh chapter of the Civil Rights Congress?
(The Avitness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Schultz. Mr. Counsel, that question abrogates the rights of
freedom of assembly. Therefore, I use the first amendment as well as
the fifth.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully now direct your attention to an article
appearing in the April 12, 1953, Communist Daily Worker, "Win Bill
of Rights Case at Homestead Steel Gates," in which the following
appears :
"This is an impurtant victory for free speecli," said Miriam Scliultz, tlie execu-
tive secretary of tlie Pittsburgh Chapter of the Civil Rights Congress, who led
the leaflet group.
This article is telling about a group passing out leaflets to some
10,000 workers.
Kindly look at the article which is being handed to you and tell
this committee while you are under oath whether or not that quota-
tion attributed to you is true and correct.
(The witness conferred Avith her counsel.)
380 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mrs. ScHULTz. Mr. Counsel, I believe with all my heart in the first
amendment which guarantees the freedom of press. Therefore on
the basis of the first amendment I decline to answer this as well as
on the basis of the fifth.
(Document marked "Schultz Exhibit No. 2" and retained in com-
mittee files.)
Mr. Arens. Do you believe with all the intensity of your heart in the
preservation of the Constitution of the United States ?
Mrs. Schultz. That has been — are you asking my opinion ?
Mr. Arens. Yes.
Mrs. Schultz. This is my opinion. I have devoted my life to the
preservation of the civil rights of all Americans regardless of their
color, their skin, their race, their knowledge, or their loyalties.
Mr. Arens. Are you now a member of an association dedicated to
the overthrow of the Governm-ent of the United States and to de-
struction of the Government of the United States by force and
violence ?
Mrs. Schultz. I decline to answer on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Now we have a letter from the readers to the Communist
Daily Worker and this letter is signed Miriam Schultz, executive
secretary of the Pittsburgh Civil Rights Congress.
Kindly look at this letter which is now being handed to you and tell
this committee while you are under oath whether it is a true and
correct reproduction of the letter sent by you to the Communist Daily
Worker.
( The witness conferred with her counsel. )
Mrs. Schultz. Oh, my goodness, yes. This involves the first
amendment, the freedom of press, freedom of assembly and therefore
I decline to answer both on that ground and on the grounds of the
fifth amendment as well.
(Document marked "Schultz Exhibit No. 3" and retained in com-
mittee files.)
Mr. Arens. Have you in addition to your other activities been an
author, a columnist ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Schultz. That certainly infringes. That question is an in-
fringement of the right of free expression, free publication, there-
fore on the grounds of the first as well as on the fifth I decline to
answer.
Mr. Arens. I display to you now a thermofax reproduction of the
Communist Daily Worker bearing a column, "Court Said 'No Case,'
but Dolsen's Bail is Doubled. By Miriam Schultz, Executive Secre-
tary, Pittsburgh Civil Rights Congress."
Kindly look at that article being handed to you and tell this com-
mittee under oath whether or not that is a true and correct reproduc-
tion of an article appearing under your byline in the Communist
Daily Worlver ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
(Mr. Scherer returned to the room.)
Mrs. Schultz. The question clearly infringes on the whole question
of the right to bail, which is protected in the eighth amendment, the
question of the independence of the judiciary. It certainly involves
the question of freedom of press in the first amendment and on the
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 381
basis of all those amendments, as well as of the fifth, I decline to
answer.
(Document marked "Schultz Exhibit No. 4" and retained in com-
mittee files. )
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that each and
every one of these exhibits which has been displayed to the witness be
appropriately marked and incorporated by reference in the record.
Mr. Willis. Let them be so marked and incorporated.
Mr. Arens. Now, Mrs. Schultz, the Committee on Un-American
Activities is undertaking to develop factual information respecting
strategy and tecluiiques of the conspiratorial operation in the United
States designed to overthrow this Government by force and violence
and establish world communism.
Do you presently have information respecting the machinaitions
and operations of the Communist Party in the Pittsburgh area, cur-
rent information ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Schultz. Mr. Counsel, I would like to see this committee in-
vestigate the White Citizens Councils, the Ku Klux Klan,
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest the witness be directed to answer
the question.
Mrs. Schultz. As to that specific question I invoke the fifth amend-
ment as well as the first amendment.
Mr. Arens. This morning Mrs. Mary Golden, who had been an un-
dercover agent at the behest of the FBI in the Communist conspiracy
in this area, at great sacrifice to herself, undertaking to get informa-
tion to protect this comitry against conspirators, testified, under oath,
that she knew you as a member of the Communist Party as a part of
this atheistic, godless conspiracy which is threatening freedom every-
where. We would lilce to give you an opportunity now, while you are
under oatli, to deny that testimony. Do you care to avail yourself
of that opportunity ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mrs. Schultz. First and fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that will conclude
the staff interrogation of this witness.
Mr. Willis. Witness excused.
We do not have any extensive testimony but to relieve the reporter
we will take a 5 -minute break.
(Subcommittee members present: Representatives Willis, Tuck,
and Scherer. )
(Brief recess.)
(Subcommittee members present at the time of the reconvening of
the subcommittee: Representatives Willis, Tuck, and Scherer.)
Mr. Willis. The subcommittee will come to order.
Counsel, please call your next witness.
Mr. Arens. Hyman Lumer, please come forward and remain stand-
ing while the chairman administers an oath.
Mr. Willis. Please raise your right hand.
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give
will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you God ?
Mr. Lumer. I do.
382 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OE COMMUNISTS
TESTIMONY OF HYMAN LUMER, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HYMEN SCHLESINGER
Mr. LuMER. Mr. Chairman, may I in accordance with the rulings
earlier today offer this mption for the committee's consideration ?
Mr. Willis. You may hand it to the staff member.
Mr. LuMER. INIr. Chainnan, there is a motion to quash my subpena
on the grounds stated.
Mr. Arens. Would you please remain standing while the chairman
administers an oath.
Mr. LuMER. I thought I had. I thought I had taken an oath.
Mr. Willis. Yes, I administered the oath.
Mr. Arens. Have a seat, please, sir.
Please identify yourself by name, residence, and occupation.
Mr. Lu3iER. Name is Hyman Lumer. I live at 640 West 153d
Street, New York City.
With reference to my occupation, I will invoke my rights under the
first and fifth amendments and decline to answer.
Mr. Arens. You are appearing today in response to a subpena
which was served upon you by this committee ?
Mr. Lumer. Yes, it was served on me at the University of Pitts-
burgh at a meeting.
Mr. Arens. And you are represented by counsel ?
Mr. Lumer. Yes, I am.
Mr. Arens. Counsel, please identify yourself on this record.
Mr. Schlesinger. My name is Hymen Schlesinger. My office is at
the Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Mr. Arens. AYhere did you say you were when you were served with
this subpena ?
Mr. Lumer. In the University of Pittsburghi.
Mr. Arens. In what part of the University of Pittsburgh?
Mr. Lumer. Student Union.
Mr. Arens. When ?
Mr. Lumer. Thursday, February 26.
Mr. Arens. And in what building ?
Mr. Lumer. In the Student Union.
Mr. Arens. And where in the building?
Mr. Lumer. In the ballroom.
Mr. Arens. ^Yere you on the platform ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Arens. Were you on the platform ?
Mr. Lumer. One moment, please.
May I ask whether these questions are directed to the actual
service of the subpena ?
Mr. Arens. Please answer the question. Where were you when
you were served with the subpena to appear before this committee?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Arens. Would you please answer the question ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Lumer. Mr. Chairman, I have already stated that the subpena
was served on me at the University of Pittsburgh in the ballroom and
I believe that I have fully answered the question.
Mr. Arens. Were you on the lecture platform when you were
served with tliis subpena ?
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISa?S 383
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. LuMER. At this point I will invoke the first and fifth amend-
ments and decline to answer.
Mr. ScHERER. Wait a minute. I ask you to direct the witness to
answer the question. How can it possibly incriminate him to say
whether he was on the platform when he was served the subpena.
Mr. Willis. I think that is a proper request. It opened up the
subject.
Mr. LuMER. If the question is simply in relation to the subpena,
I do not recall whether I was actually on or off the platform.
Mr. Arens. Were you on the lecture platform in full view of the
student audience when you were subpenaed ?
Mr. LuMER. The same answer. I don't recall.
Mr. Arens. Did you tell a representative of the American Civil
Liberties Union that you were on the lecture platform in full view of
the student audience when you were subpenaed to appear before this
committee ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Ltjmer. I will decline to answer on the basis of the first and
fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. What were you doing there at the University of Pitts-
burgh when you were subpenaed to appear before this committee ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. LuMER. I again decline to answer on the grounds of the first
and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. The fact is you were not served on any lecture platform
and not in view of any student body, is that not a fact ?
Mr. LuMER. I will decline to answer that on the same ground.
Mr. Scherer. Let us get a direction to answer. I ask you to direct
the witness to answer for the simple reason it cannot possibly incrimi-
nate him. The second reason is he has already opened the door by his
previous testimony.
Mr. LuMER. If the question is in reference to the service, I have
already answered it to the best of my ability.
Mr. Willis. The question, irrespective of what it directs itself to,
is developing the point that you, yourself, urged and opened up, and
I direct you to answer the question.
Mr. LuMER. I answered it previously by saying I didn't know.
That I did not recall, rather.
Mr. Willis. Is that your answer now, you do not recall ?
( The witness conferred with his counsel. )
Mr. Ltjmer. The question as to what the actual spot of service
was, I said I do not recall. That is my answer.
Mr. Scherer. No, the next question, though, we are interested^ in
is, did you tell a representative of the American Civil Liberties Union
that you were served on the platform in open view of all the students
present? That is the question.
( The witness conferred with his counsel. )
Mr. LuMER. That is not the question that you were directing me
to answer. It was a subsequent question.
Mr. Scherer. I will ask you the question then, again, Mr. Arens
asked you —
Mr. Lumer. Then I will answer it as I did before. I decline to
answer on the basis of the first and fifth amendments.
384 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. ScHEREK. I ask you to direct him to answ&r the question as to
whether or not he told a representative of the American Civil Liber-
ties Union that he was on the platform in view of the student body
when he was served.
( The witness conferred with his counsel. )
Mr. Willis. You are directed to answer that question.
Mr. LuMER. Please may I have a moment to talk to my attorney ?
Mr. Willis. You may.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. LuMER. The questions with regard to the sei-v'ice of the sub-
pena I do not recall having had any conversation with anyone in the
Civil Liberties Union in that respect.
Mr. Arens. The fact is, however, that you were not served on any
platform and you were not served in the presence of any student
gathering ; is that not correct ?
Mr. LuMER. My answer was I did not recall whether I was served
on the platform or not.
Mr. ScHERER. You were served by a U.S. marshal, were you not?
Mr. LuMER. Yes.
Mr. Arens. I asked you what you were doing there at the Univer-
sity of Pittsburgh.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. LuMER. I will decline to answer that on the basis of the first
and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. According to the Pittsburgh Post- Gazette of February
24, 1959, which I am going to display to you in a little while, you
were invited out there to discuss various political ideas, and various
political philosophies. Did you discuss political ideas or political
philosophies with the students ?
Mr. Lumer. I will decline to answer that also on the gi'ounds of
the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Is the Communist Party a political party or is it a
■ conspiratorial organization ?
Mr. Lumer. I will decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Did you tell the students when you lectured at the Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh about your underground activities in the con-
spiracy ?
Mr. Lumer. Same answer.
Mr. Arens. Did you tell the students that for a number of years
you effaced all identification of yourself, changed your name, your
identification, by every possible device and worked underground
in this conspiracy to destroy this country? Did you tell them that?
Mr. Lumer. Same answer.
Mr. Arens. Where had you been lecturing prior to the time that
you were invited to discuss political ideas and political philosophies
with these students at the university here ?
Mr. Lumer. Same answer.
Mr. Arens. Had you been on a lecture tour ?
Mr. Lumer. I decline to answer on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Was it your purpose to portray to the students that the
Communist operation in the United States was a political philosophy
and ideology, or a part of an atheistic, Godless force of deceit and
treachery and intrigue, designed to destroy freedom everywhere?
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 385
Mr. LuMER. I decline to answer on the same oronnds.
Mr. Arens. Are you now, this instant, a member of the Communist
conspiratorial force designed to destroy the Constitution of tlie
United States and this country by force and violence ?
Mr. LuMER. I decline to answer on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Where were you born ?
Mr. LuMER. Brooklyn, N.Y.
Mr. Arens. A word about your education.
Mr. LuMER. I decline to answer that on the grounds of the first and
fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. You have a Ph. D. degree ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. LuMER. I will decline to answer that on the basis of the first
and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Was your appearance at the University of Pittsburgh
caused to be arranged directly or indirectly by any person, other than
yourself, known to be a member of the Communist conspiracy?
Mr. LuMER. I decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. I should like to display to you now an article that ap-
peared in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette of February 24, 1959, which
reads —
The national education secretary of tlae American Communist Party is sched-
uled to speak Thursday to students of the University of Pittsburgh —
and so forth on a program, according to this article, of various po-
litical ideas and political philosophies. Kindly look at this article
and tell this committee whether or not it gives a reasonably accurate
summa]";^^ of the facts with respect to your appearance before the
student body at the University of Pittsburgh to discuss political ideas
and political philosophy.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Arens. Would you kindly answer the question ?
Mr. LuMER. Just a moment.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. LuMER. I decline to answer that on the grounds of the first and
fifth amendments.
(Document marked "Lumer Exhibit No. 1" and retained in com-
mittee files.)
Mr. Arens. Was it your objective, as education secretary of the
Communist Party, to go to the University of Pittsburgh for the pur-
pose of giving respectability, attempted respectability to a conspirac}^ ?
Mr. Lumer. I will decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Did you discuss with the youth at the University of
Pittsburgh the Hungarian uprising in which the tanks of the con-
spiracy mowed down innocent men and women like wheat?
Mr. Lumer. I will decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Did you discuss with tlie students the slave labor camps
in Soviet Russia?
Mr. Lumer. I decline to answer on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Did you discuss with the students the criminal activi-
ties of the conspiracy enmeshed in all segments of the society of this
Nation ?
386 CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. LuMER. I decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Who invited you to attend the session and lecture at the
university ?
Mr. LuMER. I decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Where else do you intend to lecture to attempt to give
respectability to a Godless, atheistic conspiracy ?
Mr. LuMER. I will decline on the same grounds to answer that
question.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever changed your name ?
Mr. Lumer. Decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever changed your physical appearance
Mr. Lumer. Same answer.
Mr. Arens. — for the purpose of concealing your identity?
Mr. Lumer. I will decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Are you now education secretary of the Communist
Party?
Mr. Lumer. I decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. How much of the Communist Party is now below
gi'ound ?
Mr. Lumer. I decline that on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. This Committee on Un-American Activities is pres-
ently and has been for some time in the process of tediously, ardu-
ously developing factual information by direction or indirection re-
specting the manipulations and operations and tecliniques of this con-
spirational force which is threatening freedom everywhere. Do you,
sir, presently have information about the present techniques of these
matters of deceit, as J. Edgar Hoover calls them, which are penetrat-
ing various segments of our society, that you can give a committee
of the U.S. Congress so that it can take this information back to Wash-
ington and legislate to protect freedom in this country against con-
spirators ? Do you have such information presently ?
]\[r. Lumer. Decline to answer on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that will con-
clude the stafT interrogation of this witness.
Mr. ScHERER. Are you related in any way to Wilfred Lumer ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Lumer. I will decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Sciierer. Do j^ou laiow Wilfred Lumer?
Mr. Lumer. I will decline to answer that on the same grounds.
Mr. Sciierer. Do you have a brother?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Lumer. I will decline on the same grounds to answer that.
Mr. Scherer. I have no further questions.
Mr. Willis. The witness is excused.
Mr. Arens. The final witness for today, if you please, Mr. Chair-
man, Edmund J. Lange.
Kindly come forward, i-emain standing while the chairman admin-
isters an oath.
Mr. Willis. Please raise your right hand.
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will
be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you
God?
Mr. Lange. I do.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 387
IMr. Arens. Have a seat, please.
Mr. Lange. Will you please put the light out? I can't see. It
hurts my eyes. I Avant no pictures.
Mr. Willis. Put out the light.
TESTIMONY OF EDMUND J. LANGE, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
HYMEN SCHLESINGER
Mr. Akexs. Kindly identify yourself, sir, by name, residence, and
occupation.
Mr. Lange. Edmund Lange, 1317 James Street, Pittsburgh, Zone 12.
Mr. Arens. Would you kindly complete your answer to the ques-
tion ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Arens. Your occupation, please, sir?
Mr. Lange. I feel that my occupation will incriminate me so I use
the first and the fifth amendments of the Constitution of the United
States.
Mr. ScHERER. Where is this witness employed ? Do you know, Mr.
Investigator ?
Mr. Arens. The information we have is that he is presently em-
ployed at the Allegheny General Hospital. Is that correct, Mr.
Lange ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. ScHERER. He said that he feels answering the question as to
his employment might incriminate him. I just want to show how
silly that is.
Mr. Lange. I am sorry that has been disclosed, but that is correct.
Mr, Arens. How could the disclosure of where you are presently
employed incriminate you ?
Mr. Lange. Make me a link in the chain. Your Honor.
Mr. Arens. How long have you been employed at the Allegheny
General Hospital?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Lange. Two and a half years.
Mr. Arens. What was your employment immediately prior to your
present employment?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
INIr. Lange. I decline to answer on the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Wliat has been your occupation at the Allegheny
General Hospital?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Lange. Orderly.
Mr. Arens. Where were you l)()i'n ?
Mr. Lange. Etna, Pa.
Mr. Arens. When?
Mr. Lange. 1910.
Mr. Arens. Where did you go to high school?
(The witness confei-red with his counsel.)
Mr. Lange. I didn't go to high school.
Mr. Arens, Tell us the education and training you have had.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
388 CURRENT STRATEflY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS
Mr. Lange. I decline to answer on the first and fifth amendments.
Mr. Arens. Have you attended Communist Party training schools?
Mr. Lange. I decline to answer on the first and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Do you know a man by the name of Hamp Golden?
Mr. Lange. I decline to answer on the first and fifth.
Mr. Arens. This morning Mr. Golden testified that while he was
a member of the Communist Party serving his Government to get
information on this conspiratorial menace he knew you as a Com-
munist and that you were currently responsible for receiving and
delivering to people here in the Pittsburgh area certain Communist
Party literature, including the Sunday Worker, Masses and Main-
stream, and other propaganda of the conspiracy. Was Mr. Golden
truthful in his statements in that regard or was he in error?
Mr. Lange. First and fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Golden said he knew you as a Communist. Are
you now a member of the Communist Party ?
Mr. Lange. First and fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been to Washington, D.C. ?
Mr. Lange. First and fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest the witness be
ordered and directed to answer that question. There are a lot of
people in Washington, D.C, who are not Communists.
Mr. Willis. What was the question ?
Mr. Arens. I asked him if he had ever been to Washington, D.C,
and he invoked the fifth amendment.
Mr. Lange. There might be a link in the chain. Your Honor.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been in the military, in the Army?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been in the Army ? Please answer the
question.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Willis. Or in any branch of the service.
Mr. Lange. Yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever used your U.S. Army uniform for
Communist Party purposes or objectives?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Lange. First and fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Did you use your U.S. Army uniform in Washington,
D.C, on a Communist Party mission ?
Mr. Lange. First and fifth amendment.
Mr. Scherer. You mean after he was discharged from the Army ?
Mr. Arens. When were you discharged from the Army ? That will
help us.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Lange. I decline to answer on the first and the fifth.
Mr. Arens. Were you a Communist while you were in the Army ?
Mr'. Lange. May be a link in the chain, Your Honor.
Mr. Scherer. I ask you to direct the witness to answer the question
when he was discharged from the Araiy. He said he was in the Army.
How can it incriminate him as to when he was discharged ? It is a pub-
lic record. We can get it. . .
Mr. Willis. You are directed to answer that question. It is a simple
question and it might turn out for your benefit, I do not know.
CURRENT STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF COMMUNISTS 389
Mr, Lange. Repeat the answer, please. Repeat the question.
Mr. Willis. When were you discharged from the Army ?
Mr. Lange. 1943.
Mr. Arens. Did you thereafter use your U.S. Army uniform for
Communist objectives?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Lange. First and fifth.
Mr. Arens. Do you presently distribute Communist Party litera-
ture, propaganda and material in the Pittsburgh area ?
Mr. Lange. First and the fifth.
Mr. Arens. I put it to you as a fact, sir, and ask you to affirm or
deny the fact that you are now one of the principal disseminators of
Communist Party literature and propaganda in the Pittsburgh area.
If that is not so, deny it while you are under oath.
Mr. Lange. Freedom of speech and press, assembly, and the fifth
amendment.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, that will con-
clude the staff interrogation of this witness.
Mr. Willis. The committee will stand in recess until 10 o'clock
tomorrow morning.
(Whereupon, at 4:57 p.m., Tuesday, March 10, the subcommittee
recessed to reconvene at 10 a.m., Wednesday, March 11, 1959.)
(Subcommittee members present at the time of the recess. Repre-
sentatives Wills, Tuck, and Scherer.)
X
INDEX
Individuals
A PaRB
Abelson, Evelyn 328, 335, 340, 341
Ahel, Matthew 329 330
Albert, Nathan 322, 335, 342, 356, 373-378 (testimony)
Albertson, William 329, 336
B
Bartl, Arthur 329, 338, 341
Bartl, Daisy (Mrs. Arthur Bartl) 329, 338, 341
Bey, Isaac 329', 339
Bichner, Henry 335
Braden, Carl 334
Briney, Harold ~ 337
Brooks, Calvin 338
C
Caplan, Harry 373
Careathers, Benjamin 328, 335
Careathers, Ernest ' 339
Chosky, Bessie 344
Cooper, Rachel 339
Crockert, Genne. ( See Kuhn, Genne Eva. )
Cush, Patrick 329
Cvetic, Matthew 327, 329, 330, 361
D
Devmiich, Anna (Mrs. Stephen Devunich) 321, 322, 329, 338-340, 357
Devunich, Stephen 322, 357
Dolsen, James (H.) 328, 380
F
Fine, John S 342
Fitzpatriclc, Thomas (J.) 335^ 337
Flanagan, Thomas (F.) 337', 341
Foreman, Clark 333, 334^ 350
G
Garfield, Sol 335
Glickman, Herbert 339
Gold, Ben 37(5
Golden, Hamp L 313-315, 320^345~ (testimony),
349, 350, 353, 354, 357, 358, 365, 366, 367-368 (testimony), 376, 388
Golden, Mary (Mrs. Hamp L. Golden) 313
314, 315, 320-345 (testimony), 349, 350, 353, 354, 357-360, 365'
366, 367, 368-369 (testimony), 371, 376, 381.
Gordon, William 335
Grant, Dave ~~~ ~ 328
Griffin, Pearl ~ 335
Grushka, Jerry I~_I_I_I Z_ 3357338, 341
Grushka, Lila (Mrs. Jerry Grushka) 330, 335, 341
1
il INDEX
2 Page
Hamlet William -
Hardin! R. J. (Reuben JO 314,315,354-358 (testimony)
Hoover, J. Edgar 334, 345, 386
Horowitz, Rebecca "Becky" ^^' ^
Hozak, Harry ^^°
Hudson, Roy ^^'
J
Jones, Bobby 338, 341
K
Kelich, Nick 341
Kemenovich, Katherine ^^A ^^
Kemenovicb, Vincent ^^^
Kerns, Charles M., Jr J^^
Kish, Elmer ^2?
Kish, Gabor (Gabe) ^^o- ^"^^
Kish, Mary "^^^^ ^^1
Kish, Ruth ^2i
Kompus, Helen ^Jf
Kompus, William ^-^^ ^*^
Kranish, Rudy %f' ^^^
Kuhn, Genne Eva Crockert ^-^A ^^°' ^"-^
L
Lamont, Corliss --~- P.^^' ^^f
Lange, Edmund J 322, 329, 330, 338, 356, 357, 387-389 (testimony)
Lazaris, Nicholas (Nick) 339
Lewis, Ida (M.) 329, rfdb
Lewis, Lillian (B.) Toq'qqq qIo
Lovett Mark (P.) 32S, 66s, 6W
Lumer,' Hyman___ 315, 382-386 (testimony)
Lumeri Wilfred 386
M
Mamula, Milo (D.) ZnTTVoVoAn ?f?
Mankin, Agnes (Mrs. Joseph Mankin) 329, ddD, 6W, a%x
Sankin! jLph_ 327-330, 335, 339, 341, 342
Mazur, Minnie 344
McGill, Francis -q9o"qq., HI
McNeil, James Allan Donald ^^A <*^»» ^**«
N
Nelson, Margaret (Mrs. Steve Nelson) 335
Nelson, Stevil, 330, 335, 336, 339, 342, 343, 351, 379
Nuss, Antoinette "Toni" 336, 339
Nusser, Herbert-^ 32», 32y
Nusser, Shirley (Mrs. Herbert Nusser) 329
O
O'Connor, Harvey 333, 334
Onda, Andrew (Andy) 339
P
Perpich, Anne 329, 341
Q
Quinn, James 335
Quinn, Norma 329
Quiim, Thomas, J 337
INDEX
Ul
•.-. , ^ Page
Rakosi, Alex (Roth) __ 044
Regan, John ~_~ ~~ 11— n_Z__Z"II 344
Richardson, J. B ~ Zok ooq
Robinson, Alma (Mrs. Joseph "Sonny" Robinson) __ "_~II ' 33^
Robinson, Joseph "Sonny" ~~ ~~ 00- oYq
Roosevelt, Eleanor I Z~ZIIZII 'lt%
Roosevelt, James ~_ 000
Rosenberg (Ethel) ZZZZZZ ^3
Rosenberg (Julius) ~ ~ oTo
Rowland, Eileen ~ oqp; qqq
Rowland, Ted "Z""_ZZZ~Z tH' So
Rudiak, Joseph ~_~~ I-I-I-IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'sm' 322 323
332, 333, 335, 351, 357, 361, 362-367 (te"stim"ony),"368, 369 (testi-
mony), 377.
Santes, Gus oofr
Sartisky, Jack Z ZZZZZZZZZZZZ 335
Sartisky, Sonya "Sunny" (Mrs. Jack Sartisky) ZZZZ~335 341
Sehlesinger, Hymen 321-323, ~333, "334, 339,
e , .^^ ,,. , 344, .346, 349, 350, 352, 358, 362, 366-370, 378, 382, 387
Schmidt, Viola 322, 341, 3.57, 370-.372 (testimony)
Schroeder, Meyran. (/See Shindler. Maurice.)
Imelds Art"''''^ ^^^' ^^^' ^^^' ^^^^^^' 3^^' 378-381 (testimony)
Shindler, Maurice (Morris). (Also known as Meyran "schoederrZZZ~361 362
Slomberg, Vladimir oo^' qqq
Soldo, Charlie 212I.~~i:~:~~: — ----—--—-- 665, 3d9
Spencer, Harold ~ _~ ~__ 3^
Staber, Alexander 314~3w 323
„^ . -^ , , , 333, 335, 346-352 (testimony), 355,~3.56, 36.5, .368, 377
Steinberg, Alex. (Alexander) 314 322 .335
c,. . , „ . 352-355 (testimony), 356, 358, 3^59,369
Steinberg, Bessie _ 328 335 341
Steinberg, Esther (Essie) Roth (Mrs. Alex Sternberg)_ZZ_ZZ__Z '__ '322,
„^ ^, 335, 358^360 (testimony), 369
Suto, Steve 335
T
Takacs, .Toe 344
Thomas, Allen Z ~__Z Z ZZZ 335
V
Vidmar, Jean 39^
Vidmar, John J 328-33oZ 33"8Z~339, 341
W
Wilkinson, Frank ooa
Wright, Ted ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 335
z
Zuckamandel, Eddie 329 33J
Organizations
A
Allegheny General Hospital 329 337
American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born 314, 34(>-342
B
Bailey P^mployment Agency 320 325
iv INDEX
Q Page
Civil Rights Congress (Pittsburgh) 314, 335, 340-342, 379, 380
Committee To End Sedition Laws 340, 341, 375
Commimist Party, USA:
Districts :
District 5 (western Pennsylvania) 327
State Organization :
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania :
City Central Committee 328-330
East Pittsburgh Group 327
Food Group 324, 330, 338
Hill Group 327
Hotel-restaurant Workers Group 329, 330, 338, 339
Language Group 329, 330
North Side Club 313,324,327-329,331,339
Oakland Group 327,331
Professional Group 327, 330
Squirrel Hill Club 327
UE Group (West Pittsburgh) 327,330
West Pittsburgh Group. (See UE Group.)
Youth Group 329
Congress of American Women (Pittsburgh) 339
D
Duquesne University 371
E
Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America, United 336, 337
Local 325 326, 337
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee 333, 334, 350
F
Foreign Languages Press 338
H
Heinz, H. J. Co 325,329
Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union 338
Housewives Protest Committee' 339,340,359
Independent Voters League 314, 322, 323, 332-335, 348, 350, 365, 367, 369
International Workers Order 342
M
Montefiore Hospital 374
N
Nationality Committee of Western Pennsylvania 341, 342, 353
North Side Peace Club (Pittsburgh) 340,341
(Pittsburgh) Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case 340,341
Progressive Party, Western Pennsylvania 314, 335
U
University of Pittsburgh 315,382-385
Publications
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 323, 333
1 Previously called Housewives Price Protest Committee.
o
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