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THE
AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA
INDEX.
GENERAL AND ANALYTICAL
INDEX
TO THE
AMERICAN CYCLOPEDIA.
BY
THE REV. T. J. CON ANT, D. D. ;
ASSISTED BY HIS DAUGHTER,
B L A N D I N A C O N A N T .
LI H If. A K V
ux i v i; us IT v OF
CALIKOKMA.
NEW YORK:
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,
549 AND 551 BROADWAY.
LONDON: 10 LITTLE BRITAIN.
1878.
COPYRIGHT BY
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,
TO THE READER.
THE Index should be first consulted when information is sought on any subject.
The inquirer will thus find whether what he seeks is contained in some leading
article, or in several scattered through different volumes, or is incidentally given in
connection with another subject.
The plan of the Index is as follows :
All names of persons or objects in connection with which any information is
given, and would naturally be sought in that connection, are entered alphabetically,
the titles of leading articles being distinguished by SMALL CAPITALS, and other en
tries by italics.
Of articles of much length the leading divisions are entered, to facilitate
reference.
When there are two or more names, or more than one mode of spelling the
name, of the same person or object, each is entered in its alphabetical order.
All pictorial representations of objects described are entered by name in their
proper connection, with the abbreviation (ill.) or (view) annexed. They are also
entered separately, where this is deemed necessary or convenient for ready
reference.
In the references to the Cyclopedia, the first numeral (Roman) refers to the
volume, the second and third (Arabic) respectively to the page and column, and
the letters, a, b, c, to the first, second, or third part of the column. E. g. : "Cotton-
wood, tree, XIII. 711, 2 c (ill.)," means that what is said of it may be found, with
an illustration, in the 13th volume, page 711, lower third of the 2d column.
The space at or near the meeting of two divisions is denoted by two letters
combined (ab, or be), and a special reference to two or more by the separate letters ;
as, " Myrtns communis (botany), XII. 112, 1 be (ill.);" "Sheikh [shaik], Bed
ouin chief, II. 450, 2 b, c ; " " Pomfret, countess dowager of, contributions to the
Arundelian marbles, I. 798, 2 a, b, c." *
When, in a series of entries from different articles under one title, the number
of the volume is omitted, the reference is to the one last given.
* In the multitude of such references there may be some few errors. The reader will please look for
th reference in the other column, or another part of the column, if not found in the one given.
vi TO THE READER.
The pronunciation of foreign proper names, and of other words which seem to
retire it, has been added in brackets by Mr. Francis A. Teall, whose system of
notation is subjoined. The work has passed through the press under his supervis
ion ; and to his familiarity with the contents of the Cyclopaedia, his ready memory,
and excellent judgment, it is greatly indebted for its accuracy and completeness.
The Index has also to some extent been made a supplement to the Cyclopaedia
by additional information parenthetically inserted. Thus, where a person noticed
in it has died since its close, the year of his death is generally noted. Where one
has attained to higher office, or met with any great change of fortune, that fact is
usually indicated. In many instances persons of some prominence are only inci
dentally mentioned in the Cyclopaedia, in connection with the topics with which
their names are associated. Generally, where biographical notices of such persons
could be found, the briefest possible statement of the leading facts has been
inserted ; often the dates of birth and death alone are given, where nothing more
appeared to be essential.
Occasionally a discrepancy will be observed between an entry in the Index and
the place referred to in the Cyclopaedia. In such case the former is to be under
stood as a correction. The innumerable causes and sources of error, familiar to all
who have had to do with so immense an undertaking as the construction of a
cyclopaedia, make it impossible that some should not escape detection in its prog
ress. They will generally be found trifling in form, though sometimes large in
effect, such as the accidental change of a single letter converting one word into
another.
The collating from different articles of passages relating to the same topic has
in a few instances prominently disclosed another source of discrepancies which,
unexplained, have the appearance of errors resulting from carelessness. In the
article on engraving a celebrated German artist is mentioned as Christian Friedrich
von Miiller, who in the special article upon his father (Johann Gotthard) and him
self is called Johann Friedrich Wilhelm. In seeking an explanation of this, it was
found that precisely the same difference exists in the corresponding articles of
Meyer s Konversationa-Lexikon, of later date than the Cyclopaedia articles; while
in Pierer s Universal-Lexicon he is called "Christian (Joh.) Friedrich Wilhelm."
Again, in the article on Agra, it is said that the Taj Mahal was built by Shah
Jelian as a mausoleum for himself and his wife Xoor Mahal ; while in that on India
Nourmahal (the same name in another form) appears as the wife of his father
Jehanghir. A search showed that the large universal gazetteers, which the writer
of the former article naturally followed, contain the statement there given- ; but
the writer on India followed more accurate historical authorities. In the Index,
under Xvor Mahal, the true version is succinctly given.
TO THE READER. v ii
KEY TO PRONUNCIATION.
1. a, e, I, 6, u, a. 6, i, 5, u the ordinary English long and short sounds of the vowels, as in
mate, mete, mite, mote, mute, ~bat, let, lit, lot, lut. Most of these marks are sparingly used,
as in general the position of the vowel sufficiently indicates its proper sound.
2. a Italian a, as in far, father, but frequently shorter.
3. 5 German o, occurring also in Hungarian, Swedish) and Danish (a). It represents the
diphthong oe, and its sound has no equivalent in English. It is an intimate blending of the
sounds of a in mate or e in met and u in lut. Its long and short sounds may be approximately
represented thus, the small letter in each case indicating the subordinate element : g a uh -t&b,
Goethe ; t5 u p -lits, Toplitz (with which the form Teplitz is interchangeable). The French and
Dutch eu approaches the sound of o, but is very nearly represented by u or uh.
4. 00 representing the u of most other languages, the French ou, the Dutch oe, and the
Portuguese and Swedish o final is most commonly short, as in look ; but in certain positions,
easily determined by the ear, as at the end of an accented syllable, it is long, as in woo.
5. ow representing au in other languages (except French), ou in Dutch, ao in Portuguese,
and approximately ao in Spanish and aou in French is pronounced like ow in cow and ou in
out.
6. ii German and Hungarian u, French u, and Danish and Swedish y. These arc usually
so nearly alike in sound that they are represented by the same character ; there is no corre
sponding sound in English. The German u stands for the diphthong ue (formerly ui), and its
pronunciation is a close union of the sounds of u in mute and * in lit or e in mete; thus:
mfiil -ler, Muller ; bue -lo, Billow. It sometimes runs almost wholly into the second element
(I or e}. The French u, however, invariably approaches the sound indicated in the first exam
ple ; but it is more simple, and may perhaps be said to consist of the first part of the diph
thongal sound of the English u, as in mute that is, with the sound stopped before the full
enunciation of the final oo element of that letter.
7. a ng , 5i ng , 6 ng , u ng , &c. French and Portuguese nasal vowels. The ns is small to indicate
that it represents no actual sound, but simply the mode of uttering the vowel. This may be
illustrated by pronouncing lang, song, rung without touching the soft palate with the upper
part of the tongue, thus producing the nasal effect without the distinct sound of ng.
8. ch representing the Spanish ch, German tsch, Hungarian cs, the cz of some Slavic lan
guages, the Italian c before e and i, &c. sounds like ch in church.
9. c h, k h German guttural ch, Spanish j and g (before e or i), and (sometimes) x, &c. This
sound consists in the pronunciation of h in the throat (the organs being nearly closed) as a true
consonant rather than as a mere breathing. The roughening or rasping effect thereby produced
is indicated by the small c and k , the former after a, e, i, o, u, au, eu, I, &c. (where the sound
approaches that of sh, but must be carefully distinguished from it by keeping the lower part
of the tongue depressed), the latter in an initial syllable or after a, o, u, au. In German g
fina*l is also guttural, but in lurg and some similar terminal syllables it has been deemed pre
ferable to leave it unmarked.
10. gh. The h is added to show that the g is hard, as in get. In certain cases h is omitted,
but when used in pronunciation g is always hard.
11. ly, ny, py, &c. In these combinations the two letters are to be sounded together in one
breath, like U in. folio, ni in union, &c.
12. th the sharp sound of th, as in thin, representing the Spanish c before e or i, z, &c.
(In Spanish America c and z generally have the sound of sharp .)
13. th the flat sound of th, as in this, representing the Spanish d, &c.
14. y the liquid element in many French and Hungarian terminal syllables, constituting
an indistinct, vanishing sound of y, in combination with that of the preceding vowel or conso
nant.
15. Titles of which the pronunciation is not given are to be pronounced either according
yiii TO THE READER.
to the marking of a preceding title of the same or similar form, or to the most obvious English
analogy.
ACCENTUATION. Only the primary syllabic accent of words is marked, as, where a secon
dary accent is required, the ear is nearly always a sufficient guide to its proper position when the
former is known. Sometimes the pronunciation of Greek and Latin names and technological
terms is indicated by an accent alone. It may be well to remark that in these every vowel or
diphthong makes a separate syllable; as Hylob ates (hi-lob -a-teez). In French words and
names no accentuation is indicated, since in that language it is not determinate, but depends
upon the exigencies of utterance. Thus a word of several syllables, when making part of a
sentence, may, under differing circumstances, have each syllable alternately accentuated, or
possibly none of them, each being spoken with equal force, and the whole stress of the sen
tence placed upon the culminating word. When spoken singly, however, or in connection
with another language, some accent is inevitable ; and this usually falls upon the last syllable
when it ends in a consonantal or a strong vowel sound, and is preceded by syllables ending in
similar or weaker sounds. In other cases euphony generally requires that the accent shall be
placed at one or two (rarely if ever more) removes from the end. But on whichever syllable
it falls, all the others must be distinctly (however rapidly) enunciated, the slurring of unem-
phatic syllables, common in English and other languages of strong accent, being inadmissible
in French.
DIVISION INTO SYLLABLES. In respelling words for pronunciation, deviations from the rules
of division in foreign languages have frequently been rendered necessary by the requirement?
of English analogy.
LI PR A K V
UNIVKI5SITY OK
GENERAL INDEX
TO
THE AMERICAN CYCLOPEDIA
A, a letter, I. 1. Sounds of, 1 b. Cicero s
dislike of, ib. As a numeral, ib. Domini
cal letter, 1 c. lu logic, ib. In ancient in
scriptions, ib. On medals and coins, ib. In
medical prescriptions, 2 a. On bills of ex
change, ib. Chemical abbreviation, ib. In
the musical scale, ib.
AA [a], name of several rivers, I. 1.
AaJimes I. (or Amasis), Egyptian king, I. 386,
2c.
AACHEX [a - k hen] : see AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, I.
223. Aachen-Munich fire insurance com
pany, ib. ; savings bank, ib.
AALBORCT [awl -borg], seaport, I. 1.
AALEX [a -len], town, I. 2.
AALI PASHA [a -le pa-sha ], Turkish statesman,
I. 2.
AALST [alst] : see AELST.
AALTEX [al -ten], town, I. 2.
AAR, or Aare [ar, a -rSli], river, I. 2.
AAEAU [a -row], town, I. 2 ; peace of, ib.
AARD-VARK [ard -vark], animal, I. 3 (ill.).
AARD-WOLF [ard -woolf], animal, I. 3 (ill.).
Aare: see AAR.
AARGAU [ar -gow], canton, I. 3.
AARIIUUS [or -hooce], seaport, I. 4.
AARON [a -run], first Hebrew high priest, I.
4. Physician of the 7th century, and first
who mentions the smallpox, ib.
Aaron s rod, a plant, XIV. 751, 2 a.
AARSENS, Frans van [ar -sence], diplomatist,
1.4.
AASEX, Ivar Andreas [aw -sen], philologist, 1. 4.
1
ABBAS I.
AASVAR [awce -vair], islands, I. 4.
AB, Hebrew month, I. 4.
ABAB DEH, or Ababdie, African tribes, I. 4.
AB ACO, Great, an island, I. 4.
AB ACUS, in architecture, I. 5 ; I. 656, 1 c.
Cupboard, ib. Templar s staff, ib. Calcula
ting machine, ib.
ABAD [a-bad ], name of Moorish kings, I. 5.
ABAD DON : see APOLLYON.
Ab adite dynasty, end of, I. 5, 2 a.
Abadites, Arab natives of Oman, XII. 625,
2 a.
AB AKA KUAN, Mongol king, I. 5.
AB AXA, river, I. 5 ; II. 295, 1 a; V. 651, 2 b.
ABANCOURT, Charles Xavier Joseph d [da-
ba ng -koor], minister of Louis XVI., I. 5.
ABANO, Pietro d [da -ba-no], philosopher, I. 5.
ABAR BANEL : see ABRAVANEL.
ABAE CA, Joaquin, Spanish bishop, I. 5.
ABARIM , mountain, I. 5.
ABASCAL , Jose Fernando, Spanish statesman,
I. 5.
Abas imnn, Roman town, I. 20, 2 a (ABEXS-
BEEG).
Abatement, in law: see DISSEISIN. Abate
ment of a legacy, X. 317, 1 a.
Abattoir [ab-a-twar J, for the New York mar
ket, IX. 611, 1 c.
ABAUZIT, Firmin [a-bo-ze], theologian, I. 6.
ABBADIE, Jacques [a-ba-de], theologian, I. 6.
Antoine Thomson and Arnaud Michel d
[da-ba-dc], explorers, 1 b.
ABBAS I., the Great, shah of Persia, I. 6.
2
ABBA SALAMA
ABEGG
Abba Salama (Andraos), bishop of Abyssinia,
I. 48, 2 b.
ABBAS BEX ABD-EL-MOT TALIB, uncle of Mo
hammed, I. 6. See ABBASSIDES.
ABBAS MIRZA [meer -za], Persian prince and
warrior, I. 6.
ABBAS PASHA [pa-sLa j, viceroy of Egypt, I. 7 ;
VI. 707, 1 b.
ABBASSIDES [ab -bas-sids], caliphs of the third
Mohammedan dynasty, I. 7. Its founder, ib.
Its last caliph, 1 c.
ABBATUCCI [a-ba-tu-se ; Ital. ab-ba-toot -che],
Jacques Pierre, French general, I. 7. Charles,
1 c. Jacques Pierre Charles, diplomatist,
2 a.
Allay c aux homines [a-ba o zum], church, now
church of St. Etienne, III. 539, 2 c.
Allay e aux femmes [o fain], church, now
church of Saint Trinite, III. 539, 2 c.
Allay es des savants [a-ba da sa-va" g ], sinecures
for scholars, &c., I. 7, 2 c.
ABBE [a-ba], French for abbot, I. 7. Abbes
commendataires [a-ba kuh-ma ng -da-tair], 2 c.
Abbe de la Tour [duh la toor], pseudonyme, IV.
322, 2 be.
ABBEOKU TA, or Abeakutah, city, I. 7. Gov
ernment, 8, 1 b. Religion, 1 c. Christian
missions, ib. Opposition to slavery, ib.
AB BESS, I. 8.
ABBEVILLE [a-buh-veel or ab-veel], town, I.
8.
AB BEVILLE, county, I. 8.
Abbey, as distinguished from a priory, &c., XI.
734, 1 c.
"Abbey of Bataille:" see HASTINGS, VIII.
507, 2 a.
Alley of Konei, X. 47, 2 b. Its literary trea
sures, ib.
ABBO CER NUUS, or Abbon the Crooked, I. 8.
ABBO FLORIACEX SIS, or Abbon of Fleury, I. 8.
ABBOT, title, I. 8.
ABBOT, Abiel, D. D., I. 8.
ABBOT, Benjamin, LL. D., I. 9.
ABBOT, Charles, Lord Colchester, I. 9.
ABBOT, George, archbishop, I. 9.
ABBOT, Gorham Dummer, LL. D., teacher and
author, I. 9. (Died 1874.)
ABBOT, Samuel, merchant, patron of Andover
seminary, I. 9.
Allot female academy, I. 481, 1 c.
Allot Gerold, builder of the Devil s bridge, VI.
57, 1 a.
Allot JoacJiim, religious enthusiast, alluded to,
II. 478, 2 b.
Allot of unreason, at an English Christmas,
IV. 551, 2 a.
ABBOTSFORD, seat of Sir Walter Scott, I. 9
(ill.) ; XIV. 708, 2 a.
ABBOTS-LAXGLEY, parish, I. 10.
ABBOTT, family of American writers. Jacob,
I. 10. John Stephens Cabot, 2 a (died 1877).
Gorham D. : see ABBOT. Benjamin Vaughan,
2 b. Austin, 2 c. Lyman, ib. Edward,
II, 1 b.
ABBOTT, Charles, Lord Tenterden, I. 11 ; II.
533, 2 c.
ABBREVIATIONS, I. 11.
ABD, initial word in Semitic proper names. I.
12.
Abd-allah, meaning of, I. 12, 2 a.
ABDAL LAII BEX ABD-EL-MOT TALIB, father of
Mohammed, I. 12.
ABDALLAH BEX ZOBAIR , I. 12.
Aldallali iln Yasim, founder of a Moslem dy
nasty, I. 345, 2 b ; its overthrow, 2 c.
Ald-el- Caala, name of the first caliph, I. 4-1,
1 c (ABUBEKE).
ABD-EL-HALIM [-ha-leem ], Egyptian prince, I.
13.
ABD-EL-HAMID [-ha-meed J, adopted name of a
French traveller, I. 13.
ABD-EL-KADER [-ka -der], Arab emir, soldier,
and writer, I. 13.
ABD-EL-WAIIAB [-wa-Lab J, founder of a Mos
lem sect, I. 14.
ABDE RA, ancient city, I. 14.
Ald-er- Rah man, meaning of, I. 12, 2 a.
ABDEBRAHMAN L, caliph of Cordova, I. 14.
ABDERRAHMAX. sultan of Morocco, I. 14. Af
ghan poet, 163, 1 a.
| Al diah, Samuel Icn, Jewish soldier and poet,
VIII. 595, 2 a.
AB DIAS, supposititious author, I. 14.
ABDICA TIOX, of a throne. I. 15 ; memorable
examples of it, il.
ABDO MEX, I. 15.
Abdominal typhus, in German writers, VII.
167, 2 ab.
ABDUL-AZIZ [ab-dool-a-zeez J, Turkish sultan,
I. 16; XVI. 59, 1 ab. (Deposed May 30,
1876; died soon afterward.)
ABDUL-MEDJID [-med-jeed J, Turkish sultan, I.
16.
ABECEDA RIAXS, fanatic sect of religionists, 1. 17.
A BHOKET, Gilbert Abbott, humorist, I. 17.
ABEEL , David, D. D., clergyman, I. 17.
ABEGG, Julius Friedrich Ileinrich [a -beg], ju
rist, I. 17.
ABEL
ABRAVANEL
A BEL, second son of Adam, I. 17. Abelites,
a sect, ib.
AB ELARD, or Ab ailard, Pierre [Fr. a-ba-lar],
philosopher, I. 17. Abelard and St. Bernard,
II. 573, 2 c. On miracles, XL 625, 1 b. His
school at Melun, I. 17, 2 c ; XL 375, 2 a. See
HELOISE.
ABEL DE PUJOL, Alexandre Denis fa-bel duh
pu-zhul], painter, I. 17. Adrienne Marie
Louise Grandpierre Deverzy, 2 b.
Abele , tree, XIII. 712, 2 b (ill.).
A BELITES, Abe lians, Abelo nians, or Abel -
onites, sect, I. 19.
Abclmos chus : see OKRA.
ABEN, Aven, Ebn, Ibn, Arabic patronymic pre
fix, I. 19.
ABENAQUIS [ab-e-na -keez], or Abnakis, Indian
tribes, I. 19. Their language, 20, 1 a; XIII.
2 a (PENOBSCOTS).
ABENCERRA GES, Moorish family, I. 20.
ABENDBERG [a -bent-bairg], mountain, I. 20.
Asylum for cretins, ib. See CRETINS.
ABEN EZRA, or Abraham ben Meir ben Ezra,
Jewish scholar, I. 20.
ABENSBERG [a -bence-bairg], town, I. 20.
Aber-Hondey : see BRECKNOCK, borough, III.
242, 1 c.
ABERBROTHWICK [ab-er-broth -ick] : see AR-
BKOATII. Aberbrothock, ib.
AB ERCROMBIE, James, general, I. 20.
ABERCROMBIE, John, physician, I. 20.
ABERCROMBY, Sir Ralph, general, I. 20.
ABERDARE , town, I. 21.
ABERDEEN , New, I. 21 (ill.). Marischal col
lege, 1 c. University of Aberdeen, 2 c. Old,
22, 1 a. King s college, ib.
ABERDEEN, Earls of, I. 22.
ABERDEEN SHIRE, county, I. 22.
ABERDEVINE [a-ber -de-vine], bird, I. 23.
AB ERNETIIY, John, surgeon, I. 23.
ABERRA TION, I. 23. Aberration of light, ib.
(ill.); discovered, III. 181, 1 c. Aberration
in optical instruments, I. 24, 1 be (ill.).
ABERYST WITII, seaport town, I. 24.
ABEYANCE [a-ba -ance], law term, I. 24.
Ab gar (or Abgarus), king of Armenia, I. 724,
1 a ; reputed letter to Jesus, ib. and 2 b.
ABIAD , Bahr el : see NILE.
ABI ATIIAR, Hebrew high priest, I. 25.
A BIB, Hebrew month, I. 25.
ABICII, Wilhelm Hermann [a -bi h], naturalist,
1.25.
Abies [a -be-eez], (botany), fir, VII. 207, 2 be.
A. balsamea, 208, 1 a (ill.), and other spe
cies. Spruce, XV. 290, 2 be. A. nigra, 2 c
(ill.); A. excelsa, 291, 2 c (ill.), and other
species. A. Canadensis (for hedges), VIII,
604, 2 c ; 630, 2 a.
ABIM ELECII, Philistine king, I. 25. Hebrew
king, ib.
ABINGER, James, lord [ab -in-jer], lawyer, I. 25.
AB INGTON, Frances, actress, I. 25.
Abiogenisfa, XIV. 235, 2 be ; their assertions
opposed by experiments, ib.
ABIPO NES, Indian tribe, I. 26.
ABJURA TION, Oath of, I. 26.
ABKIIA SIA, or Abchasia, I. 26.
ABLU TION, religious, I. 26.
AB NER, Hebrew warrior, I. 26.
ABO (Swed. Abo, o -bo), city, I. 27. Peace of,
ib.
ABO-BJORNEBORG [o-bo-byor -neh-borg], Fin
land, I. 27.
Abolitionists (a political party), I. 105, 1 a.
See SLAVERY.
Abolla : see AVOLA.
Aboma sum, digestive cavity of ruminant ani
mals, XIV. 767, 2 c.
ABOMEY [u-bo-ma j, capital of Dahomey, I. 27.
ABORIGINES [ab-o-rij -e-neez] : see AMERICAN
INDIANS.
ABORTION, in criminal law, I. 26. In obstetrics,
XII. 569, 1 be.
ABOUKIR [a-boo-keer J, Egyptian port, I. 30.
Battle of, ib. ; XII. 220, 1 c.
ABOUT, Edmond [a-boo], author, I. 30.
Aboyne castle [a-boin ], I. 23, 1 a.
ABRACADAB RA, magical word, I. 30; X. 847,
1 a.
A BRAHAM: see HEBREWS, VIII. 582, 2 b.
Abraham, heights of: see WOLFE, XVI. 697, 1
c. Called plains of Abraham, XIV. 139, 1 c ;
140, 1 b ; 143, 1 c ; XVI. 153, 2 c.
ABRAHAM A SANCTA CLARA, preacher, I. 31.
Abramis brama (ichthyology), III. 240, 2 a; ill.,
1 c.
Abranchia (order of amphibia), I. 435, 2 c.
ABRANTES [a-bra n * -tes], Portuguese town, I.
31.
ABRANTES [a-bra ng -tace], Andoche Junot, duke
of, soldier, I. 31. Laure Pennon Junot,
duchess of, 2 b. Napoleon Andoche Junot,
duke of, 32, 1 c. Adolphe Alfred Michel
Junot, duke of, 1 c. Josephine Junot d 1 , 1 c.
Constance Junot d , 2 a.
ABRAV ANEL, Abrabanel, or Abarbanel, Isaac
ben Judah, Jewish author, 1. 32. Leone,
2c.
ABRAXAS
ACADIA
ABRAX AS, mystical word, I. 32 ; II. 3G4, 1 a.
Abrolhos [a-bro -lyoce], islets, III. 218, 1 c;
225, 2 ab; 226, 1 a. Abrolhos whale fish
ery, 707, 2 be.
ABRUZZO, or the Abruzzi [a-broot -so, -se], Ap-
ennine provinces, I. 33. Abruzzo Citeriore,
1 ab. Abruzzo Ulteriore I., 1 b. Abruzzo
Ulteriore II., 1 c.
AB SALOM, son of King David, I. 33.
ABSALON, or Axel, statesman, soldier, and ec
clesiastic, I. 33.
ABSCESS, I. 33. Mistaken for aneurism, 491,
2 b. In inflammation, IX. 276, 2 b. Spinal,
psoas, and lumbar abscess, XV. 268, 2 ab.
Abscissa, in analytic geometry, I. 456, 1 a.
AB SINTH, or Wormwood, I. 34.
Absinthe [Fr. ab-sa ng t], I. 34, 1 b. Effects on
the animal system, ib.
Absinthine [ab-sin -thin], I. 34, 1 b.
AB SOLON, John, painter, I. 34.
AB SOLUTE, in philosophy, I. 34 ; XIII. 442, 1
be, ff. See FICIITE, and HEGEL.
ABSOLUTION, in the Roman Catholic church,
I. 35, XIV. 393, 2 b ; in the Episcopal and
Lutheran churches, I. 35, 1 b.
ABSORPTION, I. 35. Absorption of gases by
solids and liquids, 37. 2 a. Absorption of
heat, 38, 1 a. Absorption of light, 1 c. Ab
sorption spectrum, 2 ab (ill.).
Absorption, in digestion, VI. 104, 2 a.
Absorption bands, in the spectrum, I. 38, 2 b.
AB STINENCE, from food, I. 39. Effects and
result of prolonged abstinence, 2 c.
Abstinence, religious, distinguished from fast
ing, VII. 93, 1 b.
ABSTINENCE, Total : see TOTAL ABSTINENCE.
Abstrich [ap -stri c h], in smelting, X. 260, 1 c.
ABT, Franz [apt], composer, I. 41.
ABUBEKR [a-boo-bekr"], first caliph, I. 41.
His tomb, XL 353, 1 a.
Abu Hanifah : see HANIFAEL
Abul Abbas as-Saffeti [a -bool ab-bas as-saf-
fa], founder of the third Moslem dynasty, I.
7, 1 b (ABBASSIDES).
Abulafia, Abrahamben Samuel, Spanish rabbi,
author of the cabalistic bible, III. 521, 1 c.
ABTJL-CASIM [a -bool ka-seem ] : see ALBUCA-
sis.
Abul Fazl, vizier and writer, I. 226, 1 a.
ABULFARA GIUS, or Abulfaraj, Mar Gregorius,
Syriac and Arabic writer, I. 41.
-45wZ/fcraj[a-bool-fa-raj ] : see ABULFARAGIUS.
ABULFEDA, Ismail ibn Ali [a-bool-fed -a], Mos
lem prince and writer, I. 41.
Abul Hassan [a -bool has-san J : see JUI&H,
Ilallevi.
Abuna salamah [a-boo -na sa-la-ma ], title of
the bishop of Abyssinia, I. 45, 2 c ; V. 331,
1 a ; VIII. 97, 1 a.
ABU SAMBUL [a -boo sam-bool ] : seelrsAMBUL.
Abu Seid of Seraj [scT-eed J, hero of the Maka-
mat, VIII. 462, 2 c.
ABU SIIEHR [shair] : see BUSIIIRE.
Abusimbel : see IPSAMBUL.
ABU TEMAM [ta-marn ], Arabic poet, I. 41.
ABY DOS, city of Asia Minor, I. 41. City of
Upper Egypt, 42, 1 ab ; bass-relief at (ill.),
ib. ; tablet of, ib.
AB YLA, I. 42 ; IV. 218, 2 ab. See CALPE, and
VIII. 679, 2 c.
ABYSSIN IA, I. 42. Population, 2 c. Physical
geography, ib. Agriculture, 44, 1 be. Ge
ology, 1 c. Animals, 2 c. Vegetation, 45,
1 c. Political divisions, ib. Inhabitants,
2 a. History, 2 b. View near Magdala (ill.),
43. Hill fort (ill.), 44. Abyssinian warriors
(ill.), 46. Burning of Magdala (ill.), -17. Lan
guages, VI. 750, 2 c ; 752, 2 b.
ABYSSINIAN CHURCH, I. 48. Catholic and Prot
estant missionaries, 2 a. Doctrines and dis
sensions, 2 b. Orders in church govern
ment, 49, 1 a. Version of the Bible, 1 be.
Abzug [ap -tsoog], in smelting, X. 260, 1 c.
ACA CIA, genus of plants, I. 49. A. Nilotica
arid other species, 2 a. Leaf of (ill.), X. 265,
2 c. Gum from it, VIII. 320, 2 ab. Three-
horned, 795, 1 c ; as a hedge plant, 604, 2 b.
Australian acacias, X. 266, 1 be.
Acacia catechu, IV. 105, 2 a (ill.).
Acacius, an Arian, V. 619, 1 c, 2 a.
Acade mia, where Plato taught: see GYMNAS
TICS, VIII. 351, 2 a. For the locality, see
ACADEMY, I. 49, 2 b (Ceramicus), and the
gate and road leading to it on the plan of
Athens, II. 60.
Academ ic school, I. 49, 2 c; VIII. 214, 2 a.
Academic francaise [a-ka-da-me fra ng -saiz], I.
50, 2 c. Its French dictionary, ib.
Acad emists (Platonists), I. 49. 2 be.
ACAD EMT, I. 49. Learned academies : Italian,
50, 1 c ; French, 2 c ; Spanish, 52, 1 b ; Por
tuguese, 1 c; German, ib.; Swiss, 2 a;
Belgic, ib. ; Dutch, 2 b ; Scandinavian, ib. ;
Russian, 53, 1 a; British and Irish. 1 b;
Turkish, 2 a; Australian, ib.; Asiatic, ib. ;
American, 2 b ; South American, 54, 1 a.
ACA DIA, or Acadie [ak-a-de], peninsula of
Nova Scotia, I. 54 ; XII. 278, 2 b.
ACALEPH^E
ACHERUSIA
ACALE PHJE, I. 54. Ac alephs : see HYDROIDS,
IX. 114, 2 tib.
A canth family, fossil reptiles, VII. 614, 2 c.
Acan thia lectula ria, insect, VI. 696, 2 c.
AcantUas (ichthyology), VI. 183, 1 be. A.
Ainericanus, 1 c ; ill., 2 a. Acnnthias of
Europe, 2 ab.
Acanihoceph ala, hooked worms, VI. 668, 1 a.
Acanthocot tus, III. 426, 2 c. A. Virginianus,
427, 1 b (ill.). A. variabilis or Groenlandi-
cus, 1 c ; ill., 2 a.
Acanthoptery gious (in ichthyology), I. 54, 2 c.
ACAN TUUS, plant, I. 54. Corinthian capital
suggested by it, 2 ab. A. raollis, 2 c. (ill.).
Acan thylis, genus of swifts (ornithology), XV.
520, 1 b.
ACAPULCO [a-ka-pool -ko], town, I. 54.
Acari asis, cutaneous disease, VI. 695, 2 b.
Acari na, mites, VI. 694, 2 ab ; XL 679, 2 a.
ACARXA NIA, province, I. 55.
AC ARUS, insect, I. 55. See EPIZOA, VI. 694,
2 be. A. scabiei, IX. 469, 2 ab (ill.). A.
domesticus and A. destructor, XI. 679, 2 be.
AOAS TUS, mythical, I. 55.
AC CAD, ancient city, I. 55 ; IV. 230, 2 a.
Accademia Platonica, Pontaniana, I. 50, 1 b.
Accadians, XI f. 117, 1 a. Accadian mythol
ogy, ib. ; dialect, XVI. 43, 1 ab.
ACCELERATION, I. 55. Acceleration of the
moon, 2 b. Acceleration of the stars, 56, 1 a.
ACCEP TANCE, in commerce, I. 56. Acceptance
supra protest, XIV. 31, 2 c, 32, 1 a. See
FRAUDS, Statute of, VII. 447, 1 a.
Accepted, on a bill of exchange or a draft, I.
57, 1 a.
ACCES SORY (to a felony), I. 58.
Accessory plume (of a feather), VII. 104, 1 be
(ill.).
Accip iter (ornithology), VIII. 530. A. nisus,
XV. 231, 1 a.
Acclimating fever (Liberia), X. 397, 2 b.
ACCLIMA TIOX, or Acclimatization, I. 59. Ac
climation, 1 b. Acclimatization, 2 b.
Accolade [ak-ko-lad j, ceremony in conferring
knighthood, IV. 496, 2 ab.
ACCOI/TI, Benedetto, Italian lawyer, I. 60.
AC COMACK, county, I. 60.
ACCOR DION, I. 60 ; XIV. 242, 1 c, 2 b.
AC CRA, Africa, I. 60.
AC CRIXGTOX, town, I. 60.
ACCUBA TIOX, table posture, I. 60 (ill.).
ACCUM [ak -koom], Friedrich, chemist, I. 61.
Accumulator (of a dredging machine), VI. 257,
2o.
Ace, in playing cards, III. 783, 2 c.
ACEL DAMA, I. 61 ; IX. 612, 2 b.
Acepli ala, headless mollusks, XL 721, 1 c.
ACEPIIAL OCYST, animal parasite, I. 61 ; VI.
663, 2 c.
Aceph alousfatw, XL 765, 1 b.
Acephalous mollmks, eyes of, VII. 48, 1 c.
A cer (botany), XL 137, 2 b. A. saccharinum,
sugar maple, 138 2 ab (ill.) ; A. pseudo-pla-
tanus, sycamore maple, 140, 1 a (ill.); A.
campestre, common European maple, 2 a
(ill.) ; and other species.
Acerates [as-e-rfl -teez], (botany), XL 546, 2 ab.
Acetate of aluminum, I. 369, 1 a. A. of ethyl,
265, 2 a.
ACETATES [as -e-taits], I. 61.
ACET IC ACID, I. 61 ; 265, 2 a.
Acetone, I. 61, 2 a ; 62, 1 a,
Acetones : see KETONES.
ACET YLENE, a gas, I. 62 ; VII. 637, 2 c.
ACH^AN LEAGUE [a-ke -an], I. 62. See GREECE,
VIII. 200, 1 b.
ACH^E AXS, a division of the Hellenic race, I.
63.
ACELEMENES [a-kem -e-neez], first of the Achss-
menidge, I. 63 ; XIII. 321, 2 c. Persian sa
trap, I. 63, 1 c.
Achmmen idcc, Persian dynasty, I. 63, 1 c ;
XIII. 144, 2 a.
Achceme nius (=Persicus), I. 63, 1 c.
ACHAIA [a-ka -ya], a division of the Pelopon
nesus, I. 63.
AcJialzik: see AKHALTZIKH.
Achamoth [ak -a-moth], in the Gnostic cos
mogony, VIII. 53, 1 a.
ACHARD, Franz Karl [a-shar], philosopher and
chemist, I. 63.
ACHARD, Louis Arn^dee Eugene, novelist, I. 63.
ACHATES [a-ka -teez], companion of ^Eneas, I.
63. Fidus Achates, proverbial, ib. A river,
2b.
ACHEEX [a-cheen ], independent sovereignty in
Sumatra, I. 63.
Acheirotopeton [a-ki-ro-top -e-ton], a painting,
X. 183, 1 ab.
ACHELOUS [ak-e-lo -us], classic river, I. 64.
Achelous, river god, allusion to, I. 263, 2 b.
ACIIENBACH [a/- k hen-ba k h], Andreas, painter, I.
64. Oswald, painter, 1 b.
ACHERON [ak -e-ron], name of several rivers, I.
64. The river of the lower world, 1 be; put
for that region itself, ib.
ACHERU SIA, name of lakes supposed to be con
nected with the lower world, I. 64. Chasm
6
ACHERY
ACROLEINE
in Bithynia, poetical entrance to the lower
regions, ib.
ACIIEKY, Dom Jean Luc <! [da-sha-re], learned
Benedictine monk, I. 64.
Acheta [a-kG -ta], (entomology), V. 480, 2 c.
A. domestica, ib. , A. campestris, 481, 1 ab;
A. abbreviata, 2 a; A. nigra, 2 ab; A. vit-
tata, 2 c. (Ills.)
Achild BecUl, alchemist, I. 261, 1 b.
Achillea [ak-il-le -a], (botany), XVI. 772, 1 b
(ill.). A. rosea, 2 a ; A. ptarmica, ib. ; A.
tomentosa, ib. ; A. millefolium, ib.
Achil leos Dro mos, in the Taurida, XV. 585, 2 b.
ACHILLES, or Achilleus [a-kil -leez, -luce], hero
of the Iliad, I. 64. See POLYXEXA.
ACHILLES TATIUS, astronomer, I. 65. A writer
of romance, ib.
Achilles, iron-clad ship, IX. 383, 1 a ; 386, 1 c
(ill.).
ACIIMET [a k h -met] : see AHMED.
Achmetha [ak -me-tha or ak-me -tha], a Median
royal residence (Ezra vi. 2), VI. 385, 1 b.
ACHMIM : see EKHMIM.
Achorion Schc&rileinii [a-ko -re-on sken-ll -ne-l] :
see EPIPHYTES, VI. 689, 1 b (ill.).
Achroite [ak -ro-ite], mineral, XV. 823, 1 be.
ACHROMATIC LENS [ak-ro-mat -ik], I. 65 (ills.).
AcJiter Kol [a k h -ter], name given to Kew Jer
sey by its Dutch captors, XII. 311, 1 b.
Achtyrka: see AKHTYRKA.
ACID [as -id], I. 66.
Acids, XII. 476, 1 a; XIV. 583, 2 a. Action
upon vegetable colors, 1 c, 2 a, and IX. 250,
1 c.
Acid process, in tanning, X. 274, 1 b.
Acidim etry, I. 322, 1 c (ALKALIMETRY).
Acidom etcr, IX. 125, 1 b.
ACIL IUS GLA BEIO, Manias, Roman general and
consul, I. 66.
Acin aces, ancient weapons. I. 734, 2 b.
Aci ni, in the tissue of the liver, X. 537, 1 b
(ill.).
Acipen ser (ichthyology), XV. 431, 2 b. A.
sturio, ib. (ill.); A. oxyrhynchus, 432, 1 b;
and other species.
Aci REALE [a -che ra-a -la], seaport, I. 66.
A cis, mythical, I. 66. A river, ib.
ACK ERMANN, Konrad Ernst, comedian, I. 66:
Sophie Charlotte, 2 c. Dorothea, ib. Char
lotte, ib.
AO LAND, John Dyke, British major, I. 66 .
Lady Harriet, 67, 1 a. Henry Wentworth,
M. D., 67, 1 b.
ACLLN IO LINE, magnetic equator, I. 67 (ill.).
ACCE MET^:, a fanatic order of monks, I. 67 ;
discountenanced by church fathers and coun
cils, XL 729, 1 b (MoxAcmsM).
Acolhuacan [a-kole-wa-kan J, kingdom of, XL
472, 2 a.
Acolhuis [a-kole-wees J, a people of Mexico,
XL 472, 1 c.
AC OLYTE, in the Roman Catholic church, I. 67.
ACOMA [a-ko -ma], village, I. 67.
ACONCAGUA [a-kone-ka -gwa], province, I. 67.
A peak of the Andes, 2 c ; 476, 1 be.
Aconel la, alkaloid, I. 68, 2 a.
AC ONITE, poisonous plant, I. 68. Mistaken
for horseradish, 2 b ; VIII. 830, 2 c. Medi
cal use of, I. 68, 2 b. Remedies for its
poison, 2 c.
ACONITE, Winter, plant, I. 68.
Aconite poisoning, remedies for, I. 68, 2 c.
ACONITIA [ak-o-nish -a] : see ACONITE.
Aconi tum (botany), I. 68, 1 ab. A. napellus
(monkshood), ib. (ill.). A. lycoctonurn, ib.
A. ferox, ib.
Ac orus cal amus, reed used as a pen. III. 565,
2 b (ill.).
ACOSTA [a-koce -ta], Jose de, Spanish writer,
I. 69. Uriel, Jewish writer, 1 a. Joaquin.
historian, 1 c.
Acoustic nerve, Helmholtz s theory of its ex
citation, VIII. 624, 1 ab.
ACOUSTICS [a-koos -tiks], I. 69; laws of, with
illustrations. Application of to architec
ture. I. 72, 1 c.
Acoutado, island, discovery of, and occasion of
the name, VII. 604, 2 c.
ACQUAVIVA, Claudio de [ak-kwa-ve -va 1, a gen
eral of the Jesuits, I. 72.
ACQUAVIVA DELLE FONTI, town, I. 72.
ACQUI [ak -kwe], town, I. 72.
A CRE, measure of land, I. 72.
ACRE, or St. Jean d Acre [sa" s zha" B da kr ],
seaport, I. 72 ; view of, 73.
ACRELIUS, Israel [a-kra -le-oos], clergyman, I.
73.
Acris (zoology), XV. 854, 2 c. A. gryllus, Sa
vannah cricket, 855, 1 a.
ACROCERAU XIA, mountain peak in Epirus, I.
73.
Acreceraunian mountains, IV. 208, 2 c.
Acrocoriri thus, mountain fortress, V. 352, 2
b; 353, 1 ab.
Ac rogens (botany), a division of cryptogamous
plants, X. 408, 1 c.
Acroleine [a-kro -le-in] : see GLYCERINE, VIII.
47, 2 c.
ACROLITII
ADAMS
Ac rolith, in statuary, XIII. 388, 1 a.
ACROP OLIS, I. 72. Of Athens, II. 54, 1 c, 2 a;
view of, 01 ; ground plan of, ib. ; its edifices,
G2, 1 a, 64, 1 b.
Ac rospire (of malt), III. 258, 1 a, b, c; 2 c.
Acryd ium (entomology), X. 570, 2 b ; 571, 1 a.
ACT : see BILL.
Act of the party (in distinction from " act of
the law"), I. 313, 2 a.
Act of supremacy (English), powers conferred
by it, VI. 623, 1 a.
Act of uniformity, to enforce observance of
the Anglican church service, VI. 139, 1 c.
New act of uniformity, ib.
AC TA DIUR NA, in ancient Rome, I. 73; 137,
2c.
Acta Disputationis S. Archelai, XI. 106, 2 c.
ACTA ERUDITO RUM, I. 74; XIII. 290, 2 b.
Acta Martyrum, I. 74, 1 b (AcTA SANCTORUM).
ACTA SANCTO RUM, Acta Martyrum, Martyrol-
ogy, I. 74. See BOLLAXD, III. 1 b.
Actce a spica ta, cohosh, or black snakeroot, V.
22, 2 c (ill.).
ACTION, mythical, I. 74; IV. 614, 1 c.
Actceon (mollusk), XI. 722, 2 c.
Ac tia, festival, XII. 430, 2 b.
AC TIAN GAMES, Roman, I. 74.
Actina ria, (polyps), XIII. 689, 2 ab.
ACTIN IA, marine animals, I. 74. A. Jordaica,
75, 2 a. Fringed actinia, ib. (ills., 74).
Actinic rays, X. 440, 2 a. See ACTINISM.
AC TINISM, property of the solar rays, I. 75 ;
ill., 76.
Actinocri mis (fossil animal), VI. 593, 1 b (ill.).
Ac tinoitls (polyps), XIII. 689, 2 b.
Act-in olite, mineral, VIII. 821, 1 b.
ACTINOM ETER, for measuring the heat of the
solar rays, I. 76.
Actin ophrys, animalcule, I. 515, 2 b.
AC TION, in law, I. 76. Cause of, 2 c ; civil, 77,
1 a ; criminal, ib. ; against a sovereign, 1 c.
Action (of piano), XIII. 490, 2 c; English,
Pleyel, or direct, 489, 1 ab.
Actit urus Bartra mim, sandpiper, bird, XIII.
619, 1 c (ill.).
ACTIUAI [ak -te-um], I. 77 ; naval battle at, ib.
Actius, surname of Apollo, I. 74, 2 a.
AC TON, Sir John Francis Edward, Neapolitan
prime minister, I. 77 ; erroneously called Jo
seph, ib. (see IV. 14, 1 b). Charles J. Ed
ward, 78, 1 a. Joseph Edward, w. George,
rear admiral, ib. Ferdinand R. E., ib. Sir
John Emeric Edward Dalberg- Acton, 1 b.
AC TON BUR NELL, English statute, I. 78.
Actor, plaintiff under Roman law, IX. 722, 1 b.
Acts of 1689 and 1701, limiting the succession
of the English crown, II. 640, 2 ab ; terms
of, VII. 703, 1 c.
ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, one of the books of
the New Testament, I. 78.
Acts of Pilate (apocryphal), VIII. 122, 2 c.
Actual energy: see CORRELATION OF FORCES,
V. 379, 2 be.
Actuaries 1 table, X. 429, 2.
Acuco [a-koo -koj, old Indian town, I. 67, 2 a
(ACOMA).
Acumin cum, Roman fortress, XIII. 361, 1 a.
ACUNA, Cristobal de [da a-koon -yaj, mission
ary, I. 79.
Ac uprcssure (in amputation), I. 442, 1 c.
AC UPUNCTURE, I. 79. Infanticide by, 1 c.
Afvin, the [as -vin], Indian divinities, IX. 223,
2 c. Acvins of the Hindoo Vedas, VII.
63, 1 b.
A DA, county, I. 79.
ADAIR , name of three counties, I. 79.
ADAIR, Sir Robert, diplomatist, I. 79.
ADAL , or Adel, Africa, I. 79.
AD ALBERT, or Aldebert, bishop and mission
ary, I. 80. Saint, 1 b. Archbishop, 1 c.
ADALBERT, Hcinrich Wilbelm, prince, I. 80.
ADALIA, or Sattalieh [a-da -le-a, sat-tfi -le-dh],
seaport, I. 80.
ADAM, the first man, I. 80.
ADAM, Adolphe Charles [a -da, n!r ], composer, I.
80.
ADAM, Albrecht, painter, I. 80.
ADAM, Alexander, teacher and grammarian, I.
81.
ADAM OF BREMEN, missionary, I. 81.
ADAM DE LA HALLE [a-tla ng dull lit al], trou-
vere, I. 81.
Adama [a-da-ma/], aFoolah chieftain, I. 81, 2 a.
Adamantine candles [ad-a-man -tin], substance
of, II. 313, 2 b.
ADAMAWA [a-da-ma -wa], a country of Africa,
I. 81.
Adam Fitz Adam, pscudonyme : see MOORE,
Edward.
AD AMITES, fanatical sect, I. 81 ; XV. 140, 1
ab.
ADAMS, name of eight counties, I. 81.
ADAMS, township, I. 82.
Adams, Almn : see EXPRESS, VII. 40, 2 b.
ADAMS, Charles Baker, chemist and zoologist,
I. 82.
ADAMS, Charles Francis, statesman, I. 82. Dis
sents from views of the whig party, 83, 1
8
ADAMS
ADHED
be; candidate of the free-soil party for
vice president, ib. ; minister to England, 2
a ; member of the Genevan board of arbi
trators, 2 c. Charles Francis, jr., 84, 1 b.
ADAMS, Edwin, actor, I. 84. (Died 1878.)
ADAMS, Hannah, American writer, I. 84.
Adams, Henry Brooks, 84, 1 c.
Adams, Dr. Isaac, introduction of electropla
ting in nickel, VII. 601, 1 b ; plating bath,.&.
ADAMS, John, second president of the United
States, I. 84. His participation in the colo
nial struggles, 85-87; in the struggle for
independence, 88, 89. Appointed minister to
England, 2 c. Chosen vice president, 90,
1 c; reflected, 2 c. Elected president, 91,
1 c ; his administration, 91-93. Incidents
of his retirement from office, 94, ff. Reli
gious views, 96, 1 b; advocates religious
freedom and equality, 1 c. Publication of
the Cunningham correspondence, 2 c. Char
acterization, 96, 2 a, 97, 1 a.
ADAMS, John (Alexander Smith), mutineer, I.
97.
ADAMS, John, LL. D., teacher and philanthro
pist, I. 98.
ADAMS, John Couch, astronomer, I. 98 ; X.
378, 2 c.
ADAMS, John Quincy, sixth president of the
United States, I. 98. Appointed by Wash
ington minister to the Hague, 99, 1 c. Sep
arates from the federal party, 2 be. Charges
the federal leaders with treasonable de
signs, 100, 1 c. Minister to Russia, 2 c.
Appointed with others to negotiate a peace
with England, 101, 1 b. Secretary of state,
1 c. Defence of Gen. Jackson, 2 ab. Mis
souri compromise, cabinet history of it.
2 c. Canvass for Monroe s successor in the
presidency, 102, 1 c. Elected president, 2
be; coalition against him, 103, 1 a; charge
of bargain and corruption, 1 c ; IV. 654, 1 c.
Jefferson s opinion of Jackson as a president,
I. 102, 2 c. His congressional career, 104,
2 a. His defeat of the proposed vote of cen
sure, 105, 1 c. Comparison of father and
son, 106, 1 a.
Adams, John Quincy, son of Charles Francis,
I. 83, 2 c.
ADAMS, Nehemiah, D. D., clergyman, I. 106.
ADAMS, Samuel, revolutionary patriot, I. 106.
ADAMS, William, D. D., clergyman, I. 110.
ADAMS, William T. (Oliver Optic), I. 110.
Adams and Clay, charge of bargain and cor
ruption, I. 103, 1 c ; IV. 654, 1 c.
Adam s Bridge, between Ceylon and the main
land, XIV. 195, 2 be,
ADAM S PEAK, or Hamazel, mountain, I. 110;
IV. 219 (ill.).
ADANA [a-da -na], town, I. 110.
ADAXSON, Michel [a-da ng -so" R ], naturalist, I. 111.
Adanso nia, gouty stem tree, in Australia, XV.
190, 2 b.
Adansonia digitata, tree in Africa, II. 289, 2 c
(ill.).
A dar, Hebrew month, I. 111.
Adar, in Babylonian mythology, XII. 118, 1 a.
Adari : see HARAR.
Adarkon, or darkemon, a coin mentioned in
Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah (in the He
brew), V. 686, 2 b (ill.).
AD DA, river, I. 111.
Addax, cervine antelope. I. 545, 2 b. A. naso-
maculatus (ill.), il.
ADDER : see VIPER.
Adder, European viper, XVI. 367, 2 c. Puff
adder, 368, 2 ab.
Adder, counting machine, I. 5, 1 b.
Adders tongue, fern, VII. 151, 1 ab (ill.).
AD DIXGTOX, county, I. 111.
Addington, Anthony, physician and medical
writer, I. Ill, 2 a.
ADDIXGTOX, Henry, Lord Sidmouth, statesman,
I. 111. Henry Umvin, diplomatist, 2 c.
AD DISOX. county, I. 111.
ADDISON, Joseph, English author, I. 112.
ADEL : see ADAL.
ADELAAR, Adelaer, or Adeler [a -dSh-lar, -ler],
naval officer, I. 113.
AD ELAIDE, city, I. 113.
ADELAIDE, Eugenie Louise, princess of Orleans,
(Fr. Adelaide, a-da-lide), I. 113.
ADELAIDE, Saint, queen and empress, I. 113.
See OTHO I., XII. 729, 2 a.
Adelantado [Sp. a-^a-Mn-ta -^oJ, provincial
governor, XVI. 759, 2 b.
Adelar di family, referred to, VI. 739, 2 ab.
ADELSBERG [a -delce-bairg], Austrian town, I.
114. Celebrated caverns in its vicinity, ib.
ADELUXG, Johann Christoph [a ~dh-loong],
lexicographer, I. 114. Friedrich von, phi
lologist, 2 b.
Ademption (of a legacy), X. 316, 2 a.
ADEN [a -den], seaport town, I. 114.
ADERNO [a-dair -no], town of Sicily, I. 115.
ADET, Pierre Auguste [a-dfi], chemist and poli
tician, I. 115.
Adhed, fourteenth and last caliph of the Fati-
mite dynasty, VII. 94, 2 ab.
ADHERBAL
ADULTERATION
9
Adher bal, king of Numidia, IX. 70S, 2 a.
ADHE SION, I. 115. Distinguished from cohe
sion, ib., and V. 20, 2 ab. Of solids to sol
ids, I. 115, 1 c. Prechtl s adhesion balance
(ill.), 2 a. Adhesion of liquids to solids, 11G,
la; of liquids to liquids, 1 c; of gases to
solids, 2 a; of gases to liquids, 2 c; of gases
to gases, 117, 2 a. Water bellows, 110, 2 c;
II. 746, 2 be.
Adian tum (fern), VII. 150, 2 a. A. pedatum,
maiden-hair (ill.), ib.
Adiaphoris tic controversy in the Lutheran
church, X. 733, 1 b. See MELANCIITIION, XI.
366, 2 a.
ADIGE [a-de -ja], river, I. 117.
ADIPOCERE , I. 117. Petrifaction so called,
118, 1 a.
AD IPOSE SUBSTANCES, I. 118.
ADIPOSE TISSUE, I. 119..
ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, I. 120 (map) ; 589,
2 b; XII. 354, 2 c, ff. View from Placid
lake (ill.), I. 121. Village of, 122, 1 a.
AD IT, passage into mines, I. 122 ; XI. 571, 1 c.
Aditi [a-de -te], a Hindoo divinity, IX. 223, 2 b.
Adityas [a-deet -yas], Hindoo divinities, VII.
63, 1 b ; IX. 223, 2 b.
AD JUTANT, military officer, I. 122.
ADJUTANT BIRD : se MARABOU.
Adjzds , divisions of the Koran, X. 45, 1 a.
Adler : see AQUILA, Kaspar.
ADLERBERG [ad -ler-bairg], Vladimir Fedoro-
vitch, count, I. 123. Adlerberg II., Alexan
der, count, 1 c. Adlerberg III., Nicholas, 2 a.
ADLERCREUTZ, KarlJohan [ad -ler-kroits], count,
I. 123.
ADLERSPARRE, Georg, count [ad -ler-spar-rSh],
I. 123. Karl August, count, 2 c.
ADME TUS, mythical, I. 123.
Administration, in distinction from cabinet,
III. 525, 1 c.
ADMINISTRATOR : see EXECUTOR.
AD MIRAL, naval officer, I. 124. Vice admiral,
1 b. Lord high admiral, 1 c. General ad
miral (Russian navy), 2 a.
Admirals (British), red, white, and blue, I.
124, 1 c.
AD MIRALTY, I. 124. In England, 2 a. In
France, 125, 2 c. In Ireland, 126, 1 a. In
the United States, 1 ab ; 127, 2 c.
Admiralty anchor, I. 466, 1 a.
ADMIRALTY ISLANDS, I. 128.
ADMONITION, ecclesiastical, I. 128.
Admon itor (Jesuit), IX. 627, 2 ab.
Ad nate (anther), in botany, I. 547, 2 a.
ADO BE HOUSES, I. 128.
Adolescence, first period of adult life, I. 181,
1 a.
Adolph of Nassau (Count Adolphus), archbish
op, sacking of Mentz and dispersion of
Faust s printers by, VII. 97, 1 c. See PRINT
ING, XIII. 846, 2 b.
ADOL PHUS, John, advocate and author, I. 128.
John Leycester, barrister, 129, 1 a.
ADOLPIIUS FREDERICK, king of Sweden, I. 129.
ADOLPHUS OF NASSAU, German sovereign,
I. 129.
ADONA I, in the reading of the Hebrew Scrip
tures, I. 129 ; IX. 600, 1 a.
ADO NIA, feasts, I. 129. Typical significance
of, ib.
ADO NIS, mythical, I. 129. See XII. 118, 1 c.
Adonis, ancient name of a river, XIII. 452, 1 c.
Legend connected with it, ib.
ADOPTIA NI, Christian sect, I. 130.
Adopting act, referred to, XIII. 812, 2 b.
ADOPTION (of another s child), I. 130.
Adoration, in the observance of Good Friday,
VIII. 101, 1 c.
Adoration perpetuelle [u-do-ra-se-6 ng pair-pa-
tii-el], a religious order, V. 215, 2 b.
ADOUR [a-door], river of France, I. 130.
AD OWA, Abyssinian town, I. 130.
Adrami ta, Arabian tribe, VIII. 370, 1 a.
ADRASTE A, goddess, I. 131.
ADRAS TUS, legendary king, I. 131.
ADRIA [a -dre-a], Italian town, I. 131 ; 338, 2 a.
A DRIAN, city, I. 131. Adrian college, 1 c.
ADRIAN : see HADRIAN.
ADRIAN, name of several popes, 1. 131. Nicho
las Breakspear, Adrian IV., 2 ab. Boeijens,
Adrian VI., 2 c.
ADRIANO PLE, city, I. 132.
Adriansz, Jacob [a -dre-ance] : see Metius (In
dex).
ADRIAT IC SEA, 1. 132 ; XI. 354, 1 c. Espousal
of by the doge of Venice, instituted, I. 279,
2 a. See III. 376, 2 b ; XVI. 298, 1 c, 299, 2 b.
Ad ris: see RAVEE, XIV. 218, 1 be.
Adrogation, I. 130, 1 c (ADOPTION).
Adrume tum : see HADRUMETUM.
Adula ria, phosphorescence of, XIII. 462, 1 c.
ADUL LAM, in ancient Palestine, I. 132. Cave
of, ib.
ADULTERATION, I. 132. See MYRRII, XII. 112,
1 a; PICKLES, XIII. 499, 1 c, 2 a. Adultera
tion of honey, VIII. 794, 1 b; of malt liquors,
III. 262, 2 b ; of sherry wine, XV. 224, 1 b,
ff. (SPAIN, Wines of).
10
ADULTERY
AERIDES
ADUL TEKY, I. 134. In civil cases, 1 a. The
criminal offence, 130, 2 c.
Adultery act (of 1050), I. 130, 1 c.
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, Associations for
the, I. 137.
AD VENT, in the church calendar, I. 137.
Advent ists: see SECOND ADVENTISTS.
"Adccnturer" periodical, VIII. 531, 1 be.
ADVERTISEMENT [ad-ver -tiz-ment], public noti- j
location, I. 137.
^Advertiser, Da tbj," of Boston, VIII. 390, 2 a.
Advertising (newspaper), rates of, I. 139, 1 c;
sums paid for it annually, 2 a, b, c.
Advertizing agencies, I. 138, 2 c ; first in Ameri- j
ca, 139, 1 b.
AD VOCATE : see LAWYER.
Advocate- General : see PENSIONARY, Grand.
Advocates, French, qualifications and privileges
of, VIII. 307. 1 b.
Advocdtw Dei, 1. 140, 1 a ( ADVOCATUS DIABOLI).
ADVOCA TUS DIAB OLI, in the Roman Catholic
church, I. 139; III. 710, 2 b.
ADVOW SON, in English law, I. 140.
.-/;, abbreviation, XII. 535, 2 b.
sEacides [e-as -e-deez], I. 04, 2 a ( ACHILLES).
.E Acrs. mythical, I. 140; XIV. 284, 2 b.
sFras tor. a Roman lady s oath, IV. 88, 1 b.
(fungus), referred to, VII. 532, 2 c.
l, a form of oath among Romans, IV.
88, 1 b.
jEde sius, nephew of Meropius of Tyre, I. 48,
1 b.
sEdic vla, apartment for the Roman household
lares, X. 171, 1 b.
^DILES [e -diles], Roman, T. 140.
^E DUI, or Iledui, I. 140; III. 157, 2 b.
jEga brum: see CABEA.
^EG/EON [e-je -on] : see BRIAREUS.
yEo/Ers, legendary king, I. 140.
^EGE AN SEA: see ARCHIPELAGO, and MEDITER
RANEAN SEA.
JEge ria, moth, VIII. 532, 2 a; 533, 2 b (ill.).
^Egialc a, I. 63, 1 c (ACIIAIA).
JEyiaU tis (ornithology), IX. 831, 1 c (ill.).
SE gilops ora ta (botany), XVI. 580, 1 b.
./EGI NA, or Egina, island, I. 140.
jEgine tan sculptures, I. 141, 1 a (/EGINA).
JEgi othu* (ornithology), X. 512, 1 b. At. li-
narius, 2 a (ill.). JE. canescens, 2 c.
jEgir [a -gher], Scandinavian deity, referred
to, VI. 400, 1 a .
yE r.is, a shu-ld, I. 141.
: see TULTCHA.
IS, ancient king, I. 141 ; 172, 1 b.
sEgoph ony, XIII. 611, 1 c (PLEURISY).
jEgospot ami, battle of, 11. 50, 1 be; VIII. 195,
1 ab.
^Egu sa : see FAYIGNANA.
^Egyp tus, in Greek mythology, V. 662, 1 c.
jElanit ic gulf, I. 225, 2 b.
yE LiA CAPITOLI NA, I. 141 ; VIII. 594, 2 b; IX.
021, 2 a.
, general, II. 215, 1 a,
ANUS, Claudius, author, I. 141.
Aello [a-el -lo], mythical, VIII. 474, 1 c.
./ELST, or Aalst [alst], town : see ALOST.
^Ei.ST, or Aalst, Evert van, painter, I. 141.
Willcm van, 1 c.
JEmil ian way, XIII. 487, 2 ab.
^Emilius Lepidus, referred to, XIV. 261, 1 ab.
PAULUS, I. 141. I.: see PAULDS, L.
II. (Paolo Erailio), historian, 2 a.
JEnarla : see ISCIIIA. ,
^ENE AS, Trojan prince, I. 141.
^ENEAS SYL VIUS: see Pius II. (pope), XIII.
558, 1 a.
^ENE ID : see VIRGIL.
^ENIA NES, Grecian tribe, I. 141.
JE nus, river, IX. 285, 2 c.
jEo lia In sula>, X. 517, 1 ab.
^Eolian attachment, to piano, XIII. 491, 2 c.
^EOLIAN HARP, I. 141 ; ill., 142. Its harmonic
tones, I. 71, 2 a.
JEOLIAN ISLES: see LIPAEI ISLANDS.
jEolian league, I. 142, 1 c; II. 17, 1 a.
JEoLiANS, division of the Hellenic race, I. 142.
sEol ic dialect, VIII. 207, 2 c.
sE olids, ancient race of heroes, I. 142, 2 a.
, or ^Eolipile, I. 142.
s, district of Asia Minor, I. 142.
s, mythical Hellenic king, I, 142. A
subordinate god, ruler of the winds, 2 a.
.E oN, in Gnosticism, I. 142 : II. 304, 1 a ; VIII.
52, 2 c.
./EPI NUS, Johann [Ger. a-pe -noos], I. 142.
Franz TJlrich Theodor, physicist, 2 c.
(ornithology), I. 607. 2 a.
, ^Equic oli, or .Equicula ni, I. 143 ;
IX. 439, 2 a.
dEquum Faliscum, or Falisca : see FALERII.
jEra rium, Roman state treasury, VII. 215, 2 be
(Fisc).
Aerial acid [a-e -re-al], II. 558, 1 c.
Aerial gulf stream, I. 148, 1 a; effect on the
winter temperature of England, ib.
Aerial ships, I. 150, 2 c.
A BRIANS [a-e -re-ans], semi-Arian sect, I. 143.
Aerides [a-er -e-deez], air plants, I.. 218, 2 b.
AERIFORM BODIES
AFRICAN
11
Aeriform ladies [a -er-e-form], chemical con
ditions of, X. 70S, 1 b.
Aerius [a-e -re-us], founder of the sect of Aeri-
ans, I. 143, 1 b.
A ero-dynam ic problems, XIII. 629, 1 c.
AEROE, or Arroe [a -ruh, ar -ruh], island, 1. 143.
AEROKLI NOSCOPE, weather-signal instrument,
I. 143.
AEROLITE [a -er-o-lite], I. 143. Stony aero
lites, 145, 1 a; metallic, ^5. Widmannstaett s
figures, 1 c (ill.).
A eromancy, X. 846, 2 c (MAGIC).
AEROM ETER, I. 145.
Aeronautical society, I. 150, 2 c.
AERONAU TTCS, or Aerostation, I. 145 ; illustra
tions, 146, 149, 150.
Aeronauts, distinguished, I. 145-150.
Aerostation : see AERONAUTICS.
^Ertha [air -tha] : see HERTHA.
jEs [ecz], unit of Roman money, XL 738, 1 a.
^E salon litlwfal co (ornithology), XIII. 508,
Ib.
yEscniNEs [es -ke-neez], Athenian orator, I.
151. Philosopher, 1 c.
^ESCTIYLUS [es -ke-lus], tragedian, I. 151. In
effectual struggle agninst the popular inno
vations of Pericles, XIII. 292, 1 c.
jfEsouLA pius, mythical, I. 152. His temple at
Athens, site of, II. 61, 1 c.
jEsculinc [es -ku-lin], its fluorescence, VII.
290, 2 b.
jffisculm (botany) : see HORSE CHESTNUT.
^Escr nia : see ISERXTA.
^Esh na (dragon fly), VI. 240, 1 a.
sir [a -ser] : see ODIX.
Esium : see JESI.
, fabulist, I. 153.
^Eso pus, Clodius, actor, I. 153.
./ESTIIET ICS, 1. 153. Founder of the science of,
II. 377, 1 c.
jEsymnetes [e-sim -ne-teez], official title, XIII.
554, 1 c.
^Etha lia, VI. 492, 2 c (ELBA).
jEthalium (fungus), rapid growth of, VII.
530, la; in greenhouse hotbeds, 533, 2 a.
^Ethelings [eth -e-lings], Anglo-Saxon nobility,
I. 499, 2 b.
JE tlicr : see ETHER.
sEther, in the Orphic cosmogony, XII.. 711,
1 a.
/Ethiop ica, a romance, VIII. 619, 1 b.
sE thiop* mineral, IV. 600, 1 be.
^E THRIOSCOPE, I. 154 (ill.). Its use as a hy
drometer, 2 c.
^Ethu sa : see FAVIGXANA.
Aetian heresy, so called, I. 155, 1 a.
A etians [a-e -shanz], followers of Aetius, I.
700, 2 a.
AETION [a-e -te-on], painter, I. 154.
AETIUS [a-e -shus], heresiarch, so styled, I.
154 ; 700, 2 a.
AETIUS, a general, I. 155,
sEtol atis (ichthyology), XIV. 223, 1 be.
./ETO LIA, in Greece, I. 156.
AFANASIEFF, Alexander Nikolaievitch [a-fa-na-
se-ef J, Russian author, I. 150.
A FER, Domitius, orator, I. 150.
Ajfar , Mohammedan nation, 1. 79, 2 c.
Affkhes [af-feesh], I. 137, 2 c.
AFFIDA VIT, in law, I. 157. Form and nature
of, 1 b and c. Persons who may take affi
davits, 2 ab. Affidavit of merits, 2 c.
AFFIN ITY, personal, I. 158.
AFFINITY, Chemical, I. 158. How different
from cohesion, 2 ab. How effected, 2 c.
Changes produced by it, 159, 1 ab. Degrees
of strength among different elements, 1 c.
Origin and development of the theory of
affinities, II. 558, 2 b (BERGMAN).
AFFIRM A TION, in law, I. 159.
Affonso, I. 295 (ALFONSO). Duke: seeBRAGAN-
C:A, House of.
Affray , XIV. 343, 2 c (RIOT).
AFFRE, Denis Auguste [afr J, archbishop, 1. 159.
Affronte [af-fro ng -ta], in heraldry, VIII. 673,
"l b.
Affusion, as a form of baptism, II. 290, 2 ab.
Afghan language and literature, I. 162, 2 c;
IX. 346, 1 b (IRANIC RACES AND LANGUAGES).
AFGHANISTAN , 1. 160 (map). Physical features
and climate, ib. Government, 2 a. Princi
pal tribes, 2 ab. Religion, 2 c. History,
ib. Attempted occupation by the British,
161, 1 c ; its disastrous failure, 2 b.
AFIUM KARA-HISSAR [a-fe-oora ka -ra-his-
sar ], Turkish city. I. 103.
AFRAG OLA, town, I. 103.
AFRA NIUS, Lucius, Roman orator, I. 163.
AF RICA, I. 163. (Map.) Physical features, 2 a.
Coast line, 2 b. Mountain system, 164, 1 c.
Deserts, 165, 1 ab ; Sahara, ib. Southern
Africa, 165, 2 c. Xile, 100, 2 ab. Lakes,
107, 1 a. Geology, 2 b. Fauna, 108, 1 be.
Flora, 169, 1 b. Population, 1 c. Political
divisions, 169, 2 ab. Discoverers, 170, 2 a.
Slave trade, suppression of, 171, 1 a.
AFRICA, Languages of, I. 171.
African colonization: see GARY, Lott; Asn-
12
AFRICAN
AGGERHUUS
MUN, Jehudi ; COLONIZATION SOCIETY ; LI
BERIA ; SIERRA LEONE.
African fever, X. 397, 2 b.
African Roscius, the : see ALDRIDGE, Ira.
African rose, XIII. 714, 2 c.
African travel, recent : see BAKER, Sir Samuel
White ; EARTH, Heinrich ; BEKE, Charles
Tilstone ; BURTON, Richard Francis ; Du
CIIAILLU, Paul Belloni ; GRANT, James
Augustas ; HEUGLIN, Theodor von ; LIVING
STONE, David ; NACHTIGAL, Gustav ; ROHLFS,
Gerhard ; SCIIWEINFCRTII, Georg August ;
SPEKE, John Ilanning ; STANLEY, H. M.
Africanders, of Cape Colony, III. 742, 2 c.
AFRICA NUS, Sextus Julius, early Christian
writer, I. 171.
Afternoon lady, plant, XI. 216, 1 b (MARVEL
OF PERU).
AFZE LIUS, Adam, naturalist, I. 171. Arvid
August, author, 2 b.
AG A, title, I. 171 ; IX. 526, 1 c.
AG ADEZ, African city, I. 171.
AGADIR [ag-a-deer J, seaport, I. 172.
Agalmat elite, or figure stone, XII. 490, 1 b.
Ag ama (lizard), IX. 178, 2 c (ill., 179).
AGAMEM NON, legendary hero, I. 171.
Agamen ticus, now York, Me., VIII. 113, 2 c.
AG AMI, bird, I. 172 (ill.).
Agamogen esis, XIII. 132, 2 a (PARTHENOGENE
SIS).
AGANIP PE, fountain, I. 172.
Aganip pidcs (the muses), I. 172, 2 b.
AG AP,E, in the ancient church, I. 172.
Agapan tlius umlella tus (botany), X. 473, 1 b.
AGAPEMONE [ag-a-pem -o-ne], or Abode of
Love, fanatical sect, I. 172.
AGAPE T^E, in the ancient church, I. 173.
Agapeti, I. 173, 1 a (AGAPETI).
Agapornis (parrot), XIII. 127, 1 a.
AGARD , Arthur, antiquary, I. 173.
AGARDII [a -gard], Karl Adolf, naturalist, I.
173. Jacob Georg, his son, 1 b.
AG ARIC, Mineral, I. 173. Birch agaric (fun
gus), 1 c (AGARICUS).
AGAR ICUS, fungus, I. 173 ; XII. 70 (MUSH
ROOM). Rapid growth of, VII. 530, 1 a;
expansive force, il). ; luminosity, 1 b. A.
campestris, VII. 530, 2 b; XII. 71, 1 ab (ill.).
A. arvensis, XII. 71 , 1 b (ill.). A. procerus, 2
b (ill.). A. muscarius, VII. 531, 1 a (ill.) ;
as a fly poison, 1 b. A. caudicinus, 530, 2 c.
Agarici (classification of), 533, 2 c.
Ag as (of Bosnia), III. 112, 2 a.
AGA SIAS, sculptor, I. 173.
AGASSIZ, Louis John Rudolph [ag -as-se], nat
uralist, I. 173. His work on fossil fishes,
174, 2 c. Relation of the Creator to the
universe, 175, 1 a. History of the fresh
water fishes, 1 c. iSTomenclator Zoologicus,
2 a. His glacial theory, 2 c. Residence in
the United States, 176, 1 b. Classification
of insects, VI. 662, 1 c; of fishes, IX. 161,
1 b, 2 c. On animal development, VII. 11,
2 b; fossil ichthyology, 240, 2 be; cranial
vertebrae, XIII. 425, 2 b. (Died 1873.)
AG ; ATE, mineral, I. 177. Derivation of the
word, I. 63, 2 b.
Agate de la sainte chapelle [a-gat duh. la sa np t
sha-pel], (cameo), III. 652, 1 a.
AG ATHA, Saint, I. 179,
AGATHARCHIDES, or Agatharchus [ag-a-thar -
ke-deez, -kus], geographer, I. 179.
Agatharclius, geographical writer (AGATHAR-
CHIDES).
AGATHAR CHUS, artist, I. 179.
AGATH IAS, Byzantine writer, I. 179.
AGATHOOLES [a-gath -o-kleez], I. 179 ; IV. 38,
1 c. Gold coin of, II. 208, 1 c (ill.).
AG ATHON, poet, I. 179.
AGA VE, plant, I. 179. A. Americana (Ameri
can aloe), 2 c (ill., 180) ; III. 665, 2 b.
Agawam , IX. 344, 2 c (Irswicn) ; XV. 289, 1
b (SPRINGFIELD).
AGDE [agd], city, I. 180.
AGE, an historic period, I. 180. Duration of
human life, 181, 2 ab. Age of brute ani
mals, 182, 2 a; of plants, 183, 2 c.
Age, legal, I. 181, 1 c, 2 a.
Age of decrepitude, in ancient art, XII. 795,
2b.
Ageing, in calico printing, III. 596, 2 c ; in
dyeing, VI. 340, 1 a.
Agelaius phosniceus (ornithology), II. 675, 2 b
(ill.).
AGEN [a-zha ng ], town, I. 185.
Agen da, liturgical book, XVI. 116. 2 c.
Agen dicum, ancient town : see SENS.
AGENT, in law, I. 185.
Agents de change [a-zha ne duh sha ng zh], in the
Paris bourse, XV. 388, 2 be.
AGES, historic epochs, I. 185. Age of stone,
2 c ; of bronze, ib. ; of iron, 186, 1 a. See
ARCHJEOLOGY, 642. Middle Ages, 186, 1 a.
Dark Ages, 1 b.
AGESILAUS [a-jes-e-la -us], king, 1. 186 ; 188, 1 a.
Agesis trata, referred to, I. 187, 2 c.
AGGERHUUS [ag -ger-hooce], or Akershuus, I.
187 ; IV. 529, 2 b ; ancient castle of, 2 c.
AGGEUS
AGRIPPA
13
Ag geus : see HAGGAI.
Agglu tinatiw type, of language, XVI. 42, 2
ab.
Agharu [a-ga-roo J, tree, III. 564, 1 b.
AGHRIM, or Aughrim [awg -rim], village, 1. 187.
Victory of William III. over James II., ib.
Aghtamar , patriarch of, I. 725, 2 a.
Agila [aj -e-la], or eaglewood, III. 564, 1 ab.
AGINCOURT [Fr. a-zha ng -koor], now Azincourt,
I. 187. Battle of, 1 c; IV. 286, 1 c.
AGINCOURT, Jean Baptiste Louis George Se-
roux d , archaeologist, I. 187.
A GIS, name of four kings of Sparta, I. 187.
Agla, cabalistic word, V. 795, 2 a.
AGLA OPIION, painter, I. 188.
Aglegmutes, Indian tribe, XV. 598, 2 ab.
AGME GUE, or Gagmegue, Indian tribe, I. 188.
AGXANO [a-nya -no], lake, I. 188.
Ag nates, in Scotch law, V. 19, 1 b; in Roman
law, ib., and VI. 38, 2 c.
AG NES, Saint, I. 188.
AGNES SOEEL [Fr. a-nyess so-rel], I. 188 ; V.
14, 1 b.
Agnes, daughter of Albert I., I. 251, 1 c. Her
bloody vengeance on her father s murder
ers and their innocent relatives and vassals,
IX. 656, 1 ab. Her pious use of their es
tates, 1 b.
AGNESI [a-nya -ze], Maria Gaetana, learned Ital
ian lady, I. 188. Maria Teresa, 2 c.
Ag ni, Hindoo divinity, IX. 223, 2 b ; 224, 1 c,
2 c ; 225, 1 be.
AGNOET.E [ag-no-e -te], name of two heretical
sects, I. 188.
AGNOLO, Baccio d [bat -cho da -nyo-lo], Flor
entine architect, I. 188.
Agnolo : see AGOSTINO.
Agno men, in Roman personal names, XII. 127,
2 a.
AGNONE [a-nyo -na], Italian town, I. 189.
Agnosciola : see ANGUISCIOLA.
AG NUS DEI, in the Roman Catholic church, I.
189. In the Greek church, 1 a.
AG OBARD, Saint, I. 189.
AGON IC LINE, I. 189 (ill.).
Agonis tce, eremites, XI. 729, 1 b.
AGONIS TICI, sect of ascetics, I. 189.
Ag ora, Grecian, I. 655, 2 a ; of Athens (site),
II. 59, 2 c.
AGOS TA, or Augusta, seaport, I. 189.
AGOSTINO and Agnolo or Angelo [a-gos-te -no,
a -nyo-lo, an -ja-lo], sculptors and architects,
I. 190.
AGOULT, Marie Catherine Sophie de Flavigny,
countess d [da-goo], French authoress, I.
190. Cosima, her daughter, III. 432, 2 b.
See BULOW.
AGOD TI, animal, 1. 190 (ill.). Varieties of, 2 c.
AG EA, province, I. 190. District, 191, 1 a.
Capital city, ib. Taj Mahal, mausoleum,
1 ab (ill.).
Agraffe [a-graf], of piano, XIII. 490, 2 c.
AG RAM, town, I. 191.
AGRA RIAN LAWS, Roman, I. 191.
Agrarian scheme, attempted in Sparta, I. 187,
2c.
AGEEDA, Maria de (Coronel), [a-gra -^Aa], nun,
I. 192. Her life of the Virgin Mary, 2 b.
AGREEMENT : see CONTRACT.
AGRIB, Agreeb, or Gharib, Mount [a-greeb ,
ga-reeb J, I. 192.
AGRIC OLA, Cneius Julius, Roman general, I.
192. Referred to, XIV. 677, 2 be.
AGRICOLA, Georg, mineralogist and physician,
1. 193 ; IV. 359, 1 b. Johann Friedrich, mu
sician and composer, I. 193, 1 a. Johannes
(John), theologian, 1 b ; his development of
Antinomianism, 566, 1 a. Rudolf, scholar,
193, 1 c.
AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, I. 193. Composi
tion of vegetable and animal substances, 2 a.
Ash of plants, 194, 1 c. Atmosphere and
soil, 2 c. Soils, 195, 1 b ; restoration of, 2
c. Analysis of soils, 196, 1 c. Theory of
manuring, 197, 1 a. Rotation of crops, 198,
1 b. Composition of, and value as food, 2 c.
Relations between food and functional de
velopment, 199, 1 a.
Agricultural schools, VI. 430, 1 c.
AGRICULTURE, I. 200. Ancient Greek, 2 a.
Ancient Roman, 2 c; Roman agricultural
writers, 201, 1 c ; Roman agricultural uten
sils and farming, 2 b. Agriculture in Brit
ain, 202, 1 c; in Europe from the 16th cen
tury, 2 c; in the United States, 205, 2 b.
Practical agriculture in Great Britain, 207,
2 a.
"Agriculture and Russia," Swedish political
faction, VIII. 339, 2 a.
AGRIGENTUM [ag-re-jen -tum], city, I. 207.
Temple of Concord, ruins of (ill.), 208.
Ag rion (entomology), VI. 240, 1 ab (ill.).
AGRIO NIA, Bacchic festival, I. 208.
Agrio tes (entomology), XVI. 678, 2 a.
AGRIP PA, Herodes : see HEROD. Marcus Vip-
sanius, I. 208, 1 c.
AGRIPPA VON NETTESHEIM, Heinrich Cornelius
[fon net -tess-hime], philosopher, I. 208.
AGRIPPINA
AIMAKS
AGRIPPI XA, daughter of Agrippa and Julia, I.
208. Daughter of the preceding, 209, 1 a.
Agros tis (botany), VIII. 16G, 1 b. A. alba,
168, 1 a. A. vulgaris, 107, 2 c (ill.); XV.
75 7, 2 c,
Agrotid ians, moths, XL 870, 1 a ; V. 597, 1 c.
Agro tis (entomology), V. 597, 1 b. European
species. 1 c ; American, 2 a.
AGUA, Volcan de [vole-kan da a -gwa], moun
tain, I. 209.
AGUADO, Alexandra Marie [Sp. a-gwa -^o],
banker, I. 209.
Aguardiente [a-gwar-fAe-ain -ta], a fiery dis
tilled spirit, XIII. 692, 2 a; XIV. 79, 1 c.
AGUAS CALIEXTES [a -gwass ka-le-ain -tace],
Mexican state, I. 209. Capital city, 2 a.
AGUE [a -gu], I. 209. Dumb ague, 2 b. Ague
cake, ib.
AGUESSEATT, Henri Francois d [da-ghes-so],
French jurist, I. 209.
AGUILAR, or Aguilar de la Frontera [a-ghe-lar
da la frone-ta -ra], Spanish town, I. 209.
AGUILAR, Grace, English authoress, I. 210.
AGUIRRE, Jose Saenz de [a-gheer -ra], learned
Benedictine, I. 210. Lope de, a noted crim
inal, 1 b.
AGULHAS [a-goo -lyass], cape, I. 210.
Agulhas current, IX. 244, 2 ab.
AGUSTIXA [a-goos-te -na], maid of Saragossa, I.
210.
AGYNIA NI, or Agynii, fanatical sect, I. 210.
Agyn d: see AGYXIANI.
A HAB, Israelitish king, I. 210.
AIIAX TA, Africa, I. 210.
AIIASUE RUS, Persian king, I. 210 ; XVI. 758, 1 a.
Ahasuerus: see WANDERING JEW.
A IIAZ : see HEBREWS, VIII. 589, 1 a.
AHAZI AH, Israelitish king, I. 210. Son and
successor of Jehoram, 211, 1 a.
Aheers (Aryan), IX. 213, 2 be; 214, 1 be.
AhenoT)ar bus, I. 209, 1 a.
AHIM ELECII, a Hebrew high priest, I. 211.
AHITH OPHEL, a confederate of Absalom, I. 211.
Aid den, princess of, XV. 167, 2 be.
AHLEFELD, Charlotte Sophie Luise Wilbelmine
von [fon a -leh-felt], I. 211.
ARLFELD, Johann Friedrich [al -felt], clergy
man, I. 211.
AHLQUIST, August Engelbert [al -kwist], phi
lologist and poet, I. 211.
AHLWARDT, Theodor Wilhelm [al -vart], ori
entalist, I. 211.
Ah med, pasha: see BONXEVAL, C. A., III. 71,
1 ab.
Ahmed, Karmalh, II. 24, 1 a.
Ahmed Khan : see AHMED SHAH.
AHMED SHAH, founder of the Afghan mon
archy, I. 211 ; 160, 2 c (Ahmed Khan).
AHMEDABAD , or Ahmadabad, town of British
India, I. 212.
AHMEDXUG GUR, or Ahmadnagar, district of
British India, I. 212. Capital town, 1 bo.
AHX, Johann Franz [an], grammarian, I. 212.
AHREXS, Heinrich [a -rence], jurist and psy
chologist, I. 212.
AHRIMAX , in the ancient Persian religion, I.
212 ; XII. 704, 1 b.
Ahts, family of tribes : see NOOTKAS.
Ahu, Tartarian roebuck, XIV. 386, 1 a.
Ahura-Mazda : see OJBMUZD.
AHWAZ , or Ahwuz, Persian town, I. 212.
Ai [a -i], city of Palestine, I. 212.
AIDAX, St. [a -dan], missionary, I, 213.
AIDIN [I-deen j, province of Turkey, I. 213.
Capital city, 1 a.
Aigocerus niger (zoology), sable antelope, I.
545, 2 a (ill.).
Aigoon [I-goon J, treaty of, I. 433, 2 b.
AIGUEBELLE [aig-bel], town, I. 213.
AIGUEBELLE, Paul Alexandre Neveue d , Franco-
Chinese naval commander. I. 213.
AIGUES-MORTES [aig-mort], town, I. 213.
AIGUILLE [a-gwey J, Alpine peaks, I. 213 ; XL
776, 1 b.
AIGUILLOX, Armand Vignerot Duplessis-Riche-
lieu, due d [da-gwe -yo 08 ], I. 213.
AI KEN, township, I. 213.
AIKEX, John, author, I. 213. Arthur, 214, 1
a. Lucy, 1 b.
Aildn, Mary Elizabeth, III. 328, 1 b.
AIK MAN, William, painter, I. 214.
Ailah [i -la] : see ELATH.
Ailan thus : see AILANTUS.
AILAN TUS, I. 214. A. glandulosa, 1 c. A.
excel sa, ib.
AILLY, Pierre d [da-ye], or Petrcs de Alliaco,
prelate, I. 214.
AIL RED, Ealred, or Ethelred, historian and
theologian, I. 214.
AILSA CRAIG, islet, I. 214.
Ailsa roclc, I. 214, 2 c (AILSA CRAIG) ; II. 170,
2 c. " Is firm as Ailsa rock." Scott s "Lord
of the Isles," canto vi., xxviii.
Ailu rus (zoology), XIII. 36, 2 a. A. fulgens, 2
b (ill.).
Aimags [I -mags], the, Iranic race, IX. 347, 1
ab.
Aimaks [I -maks], Mongolian race, XI. 747, 1 bo
AIMARD
AKIIYSKIIA
15
AIMARD, Gustave [ii-mar], novelist, I. 214.
AIME-MARTIX, Louis [a-ma-mar-ta ng ], author,
T. 215.
AIMOX, or Aymon, the four sons of, I. 215.
Aimores [I-mo-race J, a name of the Botocudos,
III. 140, 2 a.
Aix [a 118 ], department of France, I. 215.
AIX-MADIII [Ine-ma-dO ], town and oasis, I. 215.
AIXMULLER, Maximilian Emanuel [Ine -mul-
ler], artist, I. 215.
Aixos, or Ainus [l -nos, I -noos], tribes, I. 215 ;
IX. 541, 2 ab.
Ains lie Bond, the, III. 140, 1 b.
Ainsty of York, XVI. 790, 2 a.
AINSWORTII, Henry, Brownist, I. 210.
AIXSWORTII, Robert, lexicographer, I. 216.
AIXSWORTH, William Francis, traveller, I. 216.
"William Harrison, novelist, 2 a.
AIXTAB [Ine-taV], Turkish city, I. 216.
AIR : see ATMOSPHERE.
Air, deterioration of, XVT. 451, 2 c ; 455, 1 a;
capacity for moisture, 452, 1 b. Quantity
required hourly for human life, II. 84, 2 a ;
for perfect ventilation, XVI. 452, 2 ab.
Air, atmospheric, in respiration, XIV. 278, 1 a.
Constitution and properties of, XI. 432, 2 b.
Air, dephlogisticated, XII. 769, 1 b (OXYGEN) ;
empyreal, ib.
Air, dry atmospheric, absorptive power of,
XVI. 91, 2 b (TYNDALL).
Air affected l>y growing plants, II. 84, 2 a.
AIR [Ire], or Asben, oasis, I. 216.
Ai ra (botany), VIII. 166, 2 a (ill.).
Airavati [I-ra-va -te] : see IRRAWADDY.
AIR BLADDER, of fish, I. 217.
AIR CELLS, in plants, I. 217. In birds, II. 653,
1 c.
Air compressor, for rock drills, III. 100, 1 ab
(ill.).
AIR DRIE, borough, I. 218.
AIRE, river, I. 218.
AIRE [air], two cities, I. 218.
Airedale college, III. 180, 1 a.
Air engine, invention of, IV. 160, 2 a.
AIR Gux, I. 218 (ill.).
Air martyrs, XV. 434, 1 c (STYLITES).
AIR PLANTS, I. 218 ; XV. 753, 2 c (TILLAXDSIA).
AIR PUMP, I. 219. Simplest form, 2 a (ill.).
With double barrel, 220, 1 a (ill., 219, 2 c).
Improved constructions, with illustrations,
220, ff. Uses in arts and manufactures, 222.
Its alleged inventor, III. 173, 2 be.
Air suction pump, I. 221, 1 b (ill.).
Air vesicles of the lungs, X. 721, 2 b.
AIR VESSELS, or Spiral Vessels, in plants, I.
222.
AI RY, George Biddell, astronomer, I. 222.
Aisha : see AYESIIA.
AISXE [ain], department of France, I. 223.
AISSE, Mile, [ais-sa], Circassian lady, I. 223.
AIT KIX, county, I. 223.
AI TOX, William, gardener and botanist, I.
223. William Townsend, 2 a.
AITZEMA, Lieuwe van [Ite-za -ma], historian,
I. 223.
Aix [aiks], town of France, I. 223.
AIX-LA-CIIAPELLE [alks-la-sliii-pcl], town, I.
223. Treaty of, 1668, 224, 1 b. Treaty of,
1748, 1 c; alluded to, VII. 700, 1 c. Con
gress of, 1818, I. 224, 2 a. Cathedral re
ferred to, IV. 292, 1 c.
AIX-LES-BAIXS [aiks-la-ba" K ], or Aix, I. 224.
Aix sponsa [a -ix], (ornithology), XVI. 707, 2 b
(ill.). A. galericulata, 708, 1 be.
Aizanas, Axumite prince, II. 167, 2 b, c.
AIZA XI, ancient city of Asia Minor, I. 224.
AJACCIO [a-yat -cho], city, I. 224. Birthplace
of Napoleon Bonaparte, 225, 1 a (ill., 224).
AJ ALOX, or Ai jalon, town of Palestine, I. 225.
A JAX, Africa, I. 225.
Ajar, female principle in the theogony of the
Christians of St. John, IV. 546, 1 c.
A JAX, name of two Greek chiefs, I. 225.
AJMEER , or Ajmere, district, I. 225. Capital
city, 2 b.
Aj uga (botany), VII. 320, 1 ab.
AK ABAH, fortified village, I. 225. Gulf of, ib.
AK BAR, or Akber, Jelal-ed-Deen Mohammed,
Mogul emperor, I. 225 ; IX. 208, 2 b.
Alcbar, fort, I. 191, 1 a.
Akbar mosque, the, IX. 733, 1 ab.
Atone (botany), XIII. 590, 2 b.
A KEXSIDE, Mark, physician and poet, I. 226.
AKERBLAD (Swed. Alcerblad, o -ker-blad), Jo-
han David, philologist, I. 226.
AK ERMAX, or Akjerman [ak -yer-man], town,
I. 226.
A KERS, Benjamin Paul, sculptor, I. 226.
Akcrshuus : see AGGERIIUUS.
AKIIALTZIKII , Akhalzikh, Achalzik, or Akhys-
kha, town, I. 226.
AKIIISSAR , or Ek-IIissar, town of Asia Minor,
I. 226.
AKITLAT , Turkish town, I. 226 ; XVI. 252, 1 be.
Akhmin : see EKIIMIX.
AKIITYRKA, or Aehtyrka [a k h-teer -ka], town,
I. 226.
Akhyskha : see AKIIALTZIKII.
16
AKIBA
ALBANENSES
AK IBA BEX JOSEPH, Jewish rabbi, I. 226.
Akjerman : see AKERMAX.
AKMOLINSK , province, I. 226.
AK RON, city, I. 227.
Aksa, mosque, IX. 615, 1 c.
AK-SHEIIR [ak-shair J, town, I. 227,
Aksiari [ak-se-a -re], I. 227, 1 b (AK-SnEim).
AKSTJ [ak-soo J, or Oksu, town, East Turkistan,
I. 227.
AKYAB , town, British Burmah, I. 227.
AL, il. or ul, Arabic definite article, I. 227.
ALABAMA [al-a-ba -ma], I. 227. State seal, ib.
Population, 228, 1 b. Physical features, 1
c. Natural curiosities, 229, 1 c. Cftmate,
2 a. Soil and productions, 2 b. Commerce,
230, 1 b. Intercommunication, 1 c. Con
stitution and government, 231, 1 a. Educa
tion, 2 b, and 232, 1 c. Public institutions,
232, 1 b. Religious denominations, 2 ab.
History, 2 b ; secession and the war of the
rebellion, 233, 1 a. Measures of reconstruc
tion, 234.
ALABAMA, river, I. 234.
Alabama, rebel privateer, X. 494, 1 a ; XIV.
763, 1 c. Destruction of, XVI. 673, 1 a.
Alabama claims, settlement of by the Geneva
tribunal, XVI. 187, 1 c and 2 b. See ENG
LAND, VI. 620, 1 a ; GRANT, VIII. 160, 1 c ;
COCKBURN, IV. 785, 2 c ; GUSHING, V. 590.
2 a.
Aldbandine [al-a-ban -din], XL 102, 2 c (MAN
GANESE).
AL ABASTER, I. 234 : VIII. 358, 1 c.
Alabas tron, ancient town, I. 234, 2 c.
ALACIIUA [a-latch -oo-a], county, I. 235.
ALACOQUE, Marguerite Marie [a-la-kuk], French
nun, I. 235 ; XIII. 73, 1 c.
Alacran [a-la-kran ], submergence of, I. 702,
1 a (ARICA).
ALA DAGII [a -la dag], mountain chain in Turk
ish Armenia, I. 235. Mountain in Asia Mi
nor, 1 c.
ALAGOAS, Dos [doce a-la-go -ass], province, I.
235. City, 2 a.
ALAIN DE LILLE [a-lu" e dub leel], Cistercian
scholar, I. 235.
ALAIS [a- la], city, I. 235.
ALAJUELA [a-la- k hwa -la], city, I. 235.
Alaka [a-la -ka], in the Abyssinian church, I.
49, 1 a,
ALAMAX , Lucas, Mexican statesman, I. 235.
AL AMAXCE, county, I. 235. Creek, 2 c.
Alamance, battle of the, IX. 90, 1 a.
ALAMAN NI, or Alemanni, Luigi, poet, I. 236.
Alamanni : see ALEMANNI.
ALAME DA, county, I. 236.
Alameda [a-la-ina/-Aa], promenade at Cadiz,
III. 536, 2 c (ill.).
ALAMO [a -la-mo], fort, I. 236. Massacre of its
garrison, IX. 16, 2 b; XV. 678, 1 ab.
ALAMOS, Real de los [rS-al da loce a -la-moce],
town, I. 236.
Alamut [a-la-moof], castle of, II. 24, 2 b.
ALAN, Allen, or Allyn, William, theologian, I.
236.
ALAND ISLANDS (Swed. Aland, o -land), I. 237<
ALA NI, Scythian tribe, I. 237.
Alantine [a-lan -tin], VI. 497, 2 c.
Alantenouidet, IX. 777, 2 c (KEAN).
AL-ARAF , in Mohammedan theology, I. 237.
ALARCOX, Hernando (or Fernando) do [a-lar-
kone J, Spanish navigator, 1. 237, The
mouth of the Colorado discovered by, V.
107, 2 be.
ALARCOX, or Alarcon y Mendoza, Juan Ruiz de,
dramatist, I. 237.
Alard [a-lar], violinist, allusion to, I. 378, 1 a.
AL AEIC I., king of the Visigoths, I. 237. Alaric
IL, 238, 1 c.
ALARM, an instrument, I. 238. Burglar alarms,
1 ab. Alarm clock, 2 b. Fire-damp alarm,
2 c. Alarm whistle (steam), 239, 1 a.
Alarm circuits, telegraphic, XV. 619, 2 b.
ALAS CO, John : see LASKI.
ALA-SUEHR [a-la-shfiir J, city, I. 239.
ALAS KA, territory, I. 239 (map). Name, 2 a.
Settlements, 2 b. Physical features, 240,
1 b. Climate, 241, 1 ab. Vegetation, 2 a.
Agricultural resources, 2 ab. Geology, 2 b.
Fossils, 242, 1 a. Animals, ib. Native pop
ulation, 1 c. Fisheries and fur trade, 2 a.
History, 2 b. Sale of to the United States,
243, la; 285, 1 a. -Fur trade, VII. 536, 1 Ix
A latere (legatus), [lat -e-re], X. 318, 2 a.
Alau da (ornithology), X. 172, 1 a. A. arven-
sis, 2 b (ill.).
ALAVA [a -la-va], province, I. 243.
ALB. ecclesiastical vestment, I. 243.
AL BA, city, I. 243.
Alba, song, XIV. 40, 2 a.
Alba, duke of : see ALVA.
ALBACETE [al-ba-tha -ta], province, I. 243.
Capital city, 1 c.
Alba Julia, ancient name of Carlsburg, III.
795, 1 b.
ALBA LOXGA, ancient city, I. 243.
ALBAN, Saint, I. 243.
ALBANEN SES, sect, I. 243.
ALBANI
ALBION
17
ALBANI, or Albano, Francesco [al-ba -ne, -no],
painter, I. 243.
Albani, Giovanni Francesco (Clement XL), IV.
663, 1 be.
ALBA NIA, country of Asia, I. 243.
ALBANIA, province, I. 244. Albanian costume
(ill.). Language and literature, 245, 1 a ;
language, VIII. 209, 1 b.
Albanian colon// in Sicily : see Pi AN A DEL
GKECI.
Albanian gates, Caucasus, referred to, VI. 29,
2 a.
Albanian pass of the Caucasus, IV. 133, 1 c.
Albanians, colony of, in Catania, IV. 100, 1 c.
ALBANO [al-ba -no], city, I. 245. Lake of, 1 c.
Albano, pseudonyme, I. 123, 2 c.
Albano : see ALB AN r.
ALBANY [awl -ba-ne], name of two counties,
I. 245.
ALBANY, city, I. 245. View of, 246. State in
stitutions, 2 c. Dudley observatory, 247, 1 a.
New capitol, 246, 1 c ; ill., 247. Churches,
247, 1 c. History, 248, 1 a. Origin of the
name, 248, 2 a ; XVI. 151, 2 a.
Albany, count of: see CHARLES EDWARD (Stu
art), IV. 312, 2 c, and ALBANY, L. M. C. II.,
countess of.
ALBANY, district of Cape Colony, I. 248.
Albany, dn ke of, IX. 513, 2 c.
ALBANY, Louise Marie Caroline II61o ise, coun
tess of, wife of Charles Edward Stuart, I.
248 ; IV. 312, 2 c. Relation to the poet
Alfieri, I. 294, 2 c, 295, 1 a; to the painter
Fabre, VII. 52, 1 ab.
Albany beef (sturgeon), XV. 432, 1 c.
Albany regency, XIV. 792, 1 b; XVI. 254, 1
a. See WEED, Thurlow, 535, 1 a.
ALBATEG NIUS, or Albategni, Arabian prince
and astronomer, I. 249.
AL BATROSS, bird, I. 249 (ill.).
AL-BELAD ORI, Abul Hassan Ahmed, historian,
I. 249.
AL BEMARLE, county, I. 249.
Albernarle, early name of North Carolina, XII.
495, 2 b.
Albemarle, confederate iron-clad ram, blown
up, XIII. 624, 1 b.
Albemarle: see AUMALE.
ALBEMARLE SOUND, I. 250.
ALBERGATI-CAPACELLI, Francesco, marchese d
[dal-bair-ga -te-ka-pa-chel -le], I. 250.
AL BERIO I., ruler of Rome, I. 250. Alberic
II., 2 b.
Alberi cus Gen tilis, civilian, X. 222, 2 b.
2
ALBERONI, Giulio [al-ba"-ro -ne], statesman, I.
250.
ALBERS, Johann Fried rich Hermann [al -bcrce],
physician, I. 250.
AL BERT, county, I. 250.
ALBERT [al-bair], pseudonyme, I. 250.
ALBERT, archduke of Austria, and emperor of
Germany, I. 250.
ALBERT, first duke of Prussia, I. 251.
ALBERT (Francis Albert Augustus Charles
Emanuel), prince consort of Great Britain, I.
251.
Albert, son of Ernest, duke of Bavaria, II. 576,
2 a.
ALBERT, Friedrich August, crown prince of
Saxony, I. 252.
Albert bridge (London), X. 592, 1 c. Albert
embankment, 2 a.
ALBERT EDWARD, prince of Wales, &c., I. 252.
Albert Victor, his eldest son, 2 a.
ALBERTI, Leone Battista [al-bair -te], architect,
poet, painter, and sculptor, I. 252.
ALBERTINELLI, Mariotto [al-bfdr-te-nel -le],
painter, I. 252.
Albcrtine university (Konigsberg), X. 41, 2 c.
Albertists : see ALBERTUS MAGNUS, I. 252, 2 c.
Albertite, bituminous mineral, II. 672, 1 a.
Albert memorial monument (London), X. 597,
1 a (ill., 596).
Albert memorial tower (Belfast), II. 486, 1 ab
(ill.).
ALBERT N YANZA, African lake, a source of
the Nile : see N YANZA, XII. 548, 1 a, 447,
1 c, and I. 166, 2 b, 167, 1 c.
Albert stone, XIV. 600, 2 be.
ALBERTUS MAGNUS, scholar, I. 252 ; IV. 358,
1 c. Androides made by him, II. 155, 1 b.
Albertype, XIII. 472, 2 a; XV. 248, 1 c.
AL BI, or Alby, town, I. 253.
Al bicore, fish, XVI. 40, 1 a.
ALBIGEN SES, I. 253. See CATIIARISTS, IV. 115.
Persecution of, VI. 200, 1 b; IX. 293, 2 a;
XIII. 807, 2 c. Barbarities inflicted on them,
III. 777, 1 ab (CARCASSONNE). Crusade
against them, X. 652, 1 a (Louis VIII.).
Massacre of them, II. 604, 1 b.
Albino mice, I. 253, 2 c ; albino elephants,
ib. ; albino crow and blackbird, ib.
ALBI NOS, I. 253. See COMPLEXION, V. 193, 2 c.
ALBI NUS, Bernhard Siegfried [Ger. al-be -noos],
anatomist, I. 254.
AL BION, ancient name for Britain r 1. 254 ; III.
293, 2 b.
ALBION, village, I. 254.
18
ALBION
ALCOHOLIC
ALBION, New, I. 254.
ALBIRCO [dl-beer -ko], star, I. 254.
AlUte, mineral, VII. 114, 2 b and c; 115, 1 a;
VIII. 152, 2 c. Crystalline structure of, V.
540, 1 a.
AL BOIN, king of the Lombards, I. 254.
ALBONI, Marietta [al-bo -ne], singer, I. 254.
AL-BORAK , Mohammed s camel in his celestial
journeys, I. 254.
ALBORNOZ, Gil Alvarez Carillo [al-bore-noath J,
prelate, I. 254.
Al-Bostan : see BOSTAN.
ALBRECIIT, Friedrich Rudolph [dl -bre c ht], arch
duke of Austria, I. 254.
ALBRECIITSBERGER, Johann Georg [al -bre^hts-
bair-gher], musician, I. 254.
ALBRET [al-bret], town, I. 255.
ALBRET, Jeanne d [dal-bret], queen of Navarre,
I. 255.
Albright, Rev. Joseph [awl -brite] : see EVAN
GELICAL ASSOCIATION.
ALBUCA SIS, Bulcasimos, or Abulcasim, Arabian
physician, I. 255.
ALBUERA [al-bwa -ra], village, I. 255. Battle
of, ib.
ALBUFERA [al-boo-fii -ra], lagoon, I. 255.
Albufera, duke of: see SUCIIET.
ALBU MEX, I. 255. See PLANT, XIII. 575, 2 b.
Albumen proofs: see PHOTOGRAPHY, XIII.
471, 1 b.
Albumens: see PROTEIXE, XIV. 31, 1 b ; de
rived albumen, ib.
Albuminoid (substances), I. 256, 1 a; XIII.
581, 2 a.
ALBUMIXU RTA, or Bright s disease, I. 256.
Acute form, 1 b ; causes of, 2 ab. Pathol
ogy of the disease, 2 c. Strumous diathe
sis, 257, 1 ab. Hygienic treatment of acute
form, 1 b. Chronic form, 1 c ; duration of,
2 c ; treatment of, 258, 1 c,
ALBUQUERQUE [al-boo-kflir -ka], town and for
tress, I. 258. Alluded to, I. 143, 2 b.
ALBUQUERQUE, Affonso d\ the Great, I. 258.
ALBUR NUM, in trees, I. 259.
Alby : see ALBI.
Alca (ornithology), II. 116, 2 c. A. irnpennis,
117, 1 a (ill.). A. torda, 1 c.
Alcabala: see ALCAVALA.
Al-cadi, I. 259, 2 c (ALCALDE).
ALCLF/US, poet, I. 259.
Alca ic metres, I. 259, 2 a.
ALCAIDE [al-kl -da], I. 259.
ALCALA [al-ka-la J, name of several towns in
Spain, I. 259. Alcala, de Henares [da a-na -
race], 1 ab ; II. 610, 2 c. Alcala la Real [la
nT-al ], I. 259, 2 b. Victory of Sebastiani. ib.
ALCAL DE [Sp. dl-kal -^a], title, I. 259.
Alcalde, species of hornet, III. 14, 2 c.
ALCAMENES [al-kam -e-neez], sculptor. I. 259.
ALCAMO [al-ka -mo], city, I. 260.
ALCANTARA [al-kan -ta-ra], town, T. 260.
Knights of, 1 a.
Alcantarines [al-kan -ta-rinz] : see FRANCIS
CANS, VII. 426, 1 b.
Alcarrazas [al-kar-ra -thuss], water refrigera
tors, I. 488, 2 c.
ALCAVALA [al-ka-va -la], or Alcabala, Spanish
impost, I. 260.
ALCAZAR [al-ka -thar], I. 260. Alcazar de San
Juan, town, 1 c.
Alcazar (Moorish castle), of Carmona, IV. 5,
1 b ; of Segovia, XIV. 753, 1 b (ill.) ; of
Seville, 791 (ill.).
Alee do (ornithology), IX. 839. 1 b.
Al ces, or Al ce (zoology), VI. 538, 2 c. A.
Americanus, 539, 1 ab (ill.). A. malchis,
540, 2 a (ill).
ALCES TIS : see ADMETUS.
Alchemists: see ALCHEMY, and CHEMISTRY,
IV. 357, 2 c, ff. Alchemists articles of
faith, I. 261, 2 c.
ALCHEMY [al -ke-me], I. 260. Chemical terms
of, XII. 474, 1 c.
ALCIIINDUS [al-km -dus] : see AUKIXDI.
ALCIATI, Giovanni Paolo [al-cha -te], theo
logian, I. 262.
ALCIBIADES [al-se-bi -a-deez], I. 262. See
GREECE, VIII. 193, 1 c-195, 1 c.
Alcides [al-sl -deez] : sec HERCULES.
ALCINOUS [al-sin -o-us], mythical, I. 263.
AL CIPHRON, Greek writer, I. 263.
ALCIRA [al-the -ra], town, I. 263.
ALCM^E ON, legendary hero, I. 263 ; II. 54, 2 c.
Philosopher, I. 263, 2 b.
Alcmceon, poet : see ALCMAN.
ALCM^ON ID^:, family, I. 203 ; II. 55, 1 a.
ALO MAN, or Alcmseon, poet, I. 264.
ALCME NA, mythical, I. 264.
ALCOCK, Sir Rutherford [awl -cock], diploma
tist, I. 264.
AL COIIOL, I. 264. Of commerce, 2 ab ; anhy
drous, 2 b ; pure, 2 c ; in medicine, 265, 1 b ;
homologous, table of, 2 c ; dehydrogenated,
267, 2 c; common or ethylic, VI. 144, 2 ab.
Conversion of it into acetic acid, VII. 143,
2 a. Ilexatomic alcohols, XV. 440, 2 a; di-
glucosic, 2 ab ; polyglucosic, 441, 1 be.
Alcoholic liquor, unknown to the ancients, VI.
ALCOHOLIC
ALEXANDER
19
141, 1 c; invented by the northern barba
rians, ib.
Alcoholic stimulants in heart disease^ VIII.
506, 2 a.
Akoholiirieter, or alcoholometer, VII. G53.
2 b; IX. 124, 2 c (ill.).
ALCO XA, county, I. 265.
AL CORX, county, I. 266.
AI.COTT [awl -kut], Amos Bronson, educator, I.
266. Louisa May, 2 a.
ALCOTT, William Alexander, M. IX, author, I.
266.
Alcott House, school, I. 266, 1 be.
ALCO Y, town, I. 267.
ALCUIX [al -kwin], scholar, I. 267. His influ
ence in favor of popular education, IV. 291,
2 a. His revision of Jerome s version of the
Old Testament, II. 613, 2 b.
Alcyona cea, polyp, XIII. 680, 2 a.
Alcyona ria, polyp, XIII. 680, 2 a.
ALCY OXE, star, I. 267.
Alcyone (ornithology), IX. 830, 1 b, 2 c.
Al cyonoids, polyps. XIII. 680, 2 b.
ALDAN , mountains, I. 267. River, 1 c.
ALDBOROUGII [awld -bur-ro], town, I. 267.
ALDEB ARAX, star, I. 267.
ALDEGOXDE, Sainte, Philip van Marnix, baron
of [sa" g t al-duh-go ng -dul,], I. 267.
Aldcgraf: see ALDEGREVER.
ALDEGREVEK, or Aldegraf, Ileinrich [al -deh-
gra-ler, -grafj, painter and engraver, I. 267.
AL DEIIYDE (chemistry), I. 267; 265, 2 a.
ALDEX, John [awl -den], one of the first settlers
of Plymouth colony, I. 268.
AL DEXIIOVEX, town, I. 268.
ALDER [awl -der], I. 268 (ill.). Common alder,
1 c. Turkey alder, ib. Heart-leaved alder,
2b.
Alder fly: see MAYFLY.
ALDERMAX [awl -], title, I. 268.
ALDERXEY [awl -], island, I. 268.
Alderney (or Jersey) breed of cattle, IV. 120,
1 c; 131, 1 a. Alderney bull (ill.), 120, 1 b.
ALDERSIIOTT [awl -], military camp of instruc
tion, I. 269; VIII. 431, 1 a.
ALD IIELM, abbot, I. 260.
Aldine academy, XL 134, 2 b.
AL DIXE EDITIOXS, I. 269.
ALDIXI, Antonio, count [al-de -ne], I. 269. Gio
vanni, 2 c.
ALDOBRAXDIXI [al-do-bran-de -nc], noble fam
ily, I. 260. Silvestro, 2 c. Giovanni, 270,
1 a. Ippolito (Clement VIII.), ib. ; IV. 663,
1 a. Tommaso, I. 270, 1 a. Cinzio Passero,
ib. Pietro, ib. Villa Aldobrandini, VII.
443, 2 a.
ALDRICU, Thomas Bailey [awl -dritch], poet, I.
270.
ALDRIDGE, Ira (African Roscius), actor, I. 270.
ALDROVAX DUS, Ulysses, naturalist, 1. 270. Trea
tise on reptiles, VIII. 602, 2 a; on birds,
XII. 704, 2 b.
Aldus, I. 269. 2 a. See MANUTIUS.
ALE: see BEER, and BREWIXG.
Ale barrel, II. 336, 1 a.
ALEAXDRO, Girolamo [a-la-an -dro], prelate, I.
270.
ALEC TO, mythical : see EUMEXIDES.
Alcc tryomancy, a mode of divination, VI. 153,
2b.
ALEGAMBE, Philippe [al-ga n *b], Jesuit, I. 271.
Alehoof (ground ivy), IX. 477, 2 b.
ALEMAX, Mateo [a-hT-man ], novelist, I. 271.
ALEMAX XI, or Alamauni, confederate German
tribes, I. 271.
Alemannia, Germanic duchy, I. 271, 2 a; XV.
497, 1 c.
Alemannic dialect (Swabian), I. 271, 2 a.
Alemannicus, Caracalla s assumed surname, I.
271, 1 c.
ALEMBERT, Jean le Rond d [da-la ng -bair], math
ematician, I. 271.
ALEM BIC, distilling vessel, I. 272 (ill.).
ALEMTEJO [a-le" e -ta -zho], province, I. 272.
ALEXC.OX [a-la ng -so ng ], town, I. 272.
ALExgox, Francois, duke of: see AXJOU.
ALEP PO, city, I. 272.
Aleppo button, cutaneous disease, I. 273, 1 c.
Alert and Discovery, expedition of the, XIII.
656, 2 c.
ALESH KI, town, I. 273.
ALE SIA, fortified town, I. 273.
ALESSAXDRES KU, Gregory, poet, I. 273.
ALESSAX DRI, Basil, poet, I. 273.
ALESSAX DRIA, province, I. 274. Capital city,
2 a (ill.).
Alessandrino, Cardinal [-drQ r -no], XIII. 558, 2 c.
Aleurites trilo ba [a-lu-rl -teez], (botany), III.
699, 2 a.
Aleurone, of the wheat grain, XVI. 588, 1 b.
ALEUTIAN ISLAXDS [a-lu -shan], I. 274.
Aleuts, the, I. 275, 1 c.
ALE WIFE, fish, I. 275.
ALEXAX DER, two counties, I. 275.
Alexander, tyrant of Phera), XIII. 387, 1 b.
ALEXAXDER THE GREAT, I. 275. Map of Alex
ander s conquests, 277. Results of his con
quests, 278, 2 c, and 279, 1 a. Phalanx of,
20
ALEXANDER
ALEXIS
its construction and weapons, 740, 2 c; 741,
1 b. His cavalry tactics, IV. 142, 1 a.
ALEXANDER, name of eight popes, I. 279.
Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, I. 708, 2 b.
See ARIUS, and ATIIANASIUS.
Alexander L, of Egypt, XIV. 62, 2 c. Alex
ander II., of Egypt, ib.
ALEXANDER L, emperor of Russia, I. 280. In
fluence of La Harpe over him, X. 106, 2 c.
Attracted by a French fortune-teller, 342,
1 b. His influence on Russian literature,
XIV. 497, 2 b. See XIII. 671, 2 a.
ALEXANDER II., emperor of Russia, I. 283.
Alexander Alexandrovitch, his son, 285, 1 a.
Nicholas Alexandrovitch, son of the prece
ding, ib. Alexis, grand duke, his brother,
visit to the United States, ib.
ALEXANDER, name of three kings of Scotland,
I. 285.
ALEXANDER, Alexander Humphreys, claimant
of the earldom of Stirling, I. 285.
ALEXANDER, Archibald, D. IX, I. 285.
Alexander. Brig. Gen. B. S., his plan for re
moving Blossom rock, II. 701, 2 b.
ALEXANDER, Sir James Edward, soldier and
writer, I. 286.
ALEXANDER, James Waddel, I). D., I. 286.
ALEXANDER, Joseph Addison, D. D., Biblical
scholar, I. 286.
ALEXANDER, Ludwig Christian Georg Friedrich
Emil, prince, I. 286.
Alexander, Saint, pope, I. 279, 1 a.
ALEXANDER, Stephen, LL. D., astronomer, I.
286.
ALEXANDER, William, first earl of Stirling, I.
287. A major general in the American
revolutionary army (Lord Stirling), 1 c.
ALEXANDER OF APIIRODISIAS, snrnamed the Ex
pounder, I. 287.
ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO : see ALASKA.
ALEXANDER BALAS^ king of Syria, I. 287.
ALEXANDER OF HALES, surnamed the Irrefraga
ble Doctor, I. 287.
ALEXANDER JANN/E US, I. 288. See HEBREWS,
VIII. 592, 2 c.
ALEXANDER JOHN L. prince of Roumania, I.
288.
ALEXANDER KARAGEORGEVITCH, Servian prince,
I. 288.
ALEXANDER NEVSKOI, hero and saint, I. 288.
Order of, 289, 1 a.
ALEXANDER SEVE RUS, Roman emperor, I. 289.
Alexander Smith (John Adams), mutineer of
the ship Bounty, L 97, 2 b.
Alexander university (Helsingfors), VIII. 627,
1 a.
Alexander VL, pope, I. 279, 2 c. His assumed
authority to divide the new world among
Spanish and Portuguese princes, X. 222, 2 a.
Alexander VII., pope, I. 280, 2 be. On the im
maculate conception, IX. 194, 2 c; 195, 2 b.
Alexandra: see CASSANDRA.
Alexandra, adopted name of Queen Christina,
IV. 549, 2 b.
Alexandra, wife of Albert, prince of Wales, I.
252, 2 a; IV. 529, 1 c.
Alexandra lattice bridge (London), X. 592, 1 b.
j Alexandra park (London), X. 597. 1 be.
ALEXANDRE, Aaron [al-ek-sa n? dr ], chess player,
I. 289.
Alexandre Cesar Bombet, pseudoiiyme, II. 601,
2 ab.
ALEXANDRET TA, seaport, I. 289.
ALEXANDRIA, county, I. 289.
ALEXANDRIA, port of entry, I. 289.
ALEXANDRIA, toAvn of Louisiana, I. 290.
ALEXANDRIA, city of Egypt, I. 290. Mehemet
All Square (ill.), ib.
Alexandria ad Issum: see ALEXANDRETTA.
Alexandrian: see ALEXANDRINE.
Alexandrian aye of Greek literature, VIII. 214,
2 c.
ALEXANDRIAN CODEX, MS. Greek Bible, I. 291.
ALEXANDRIAN LIBRARY, I. 291.
ALEXANDRIAN SCHOOL, of philosophy, I. 292.
ALEXANDRINE [al-ex-an -drin], or Alexandrian,
a poetic metre, I. 292.
Alexandrine text (of N. T.), II. 611, 2 b.
Alexandrine war (Caesar s), allusion to, L 290,
2 c.
ALEXANDRO POL, fortress and town, I. 292.
ALEXANDROV , town, I. 292.
Alexandrovna, Maria, wife of the czar Alex
ander II., I. 284, 1 b.
ALEXANDROVSK , town, I. 292.
ALEXEI : see ALEXIS.
Alexiam, a religious congregation, X. 587, 1 ab.
Alexian us Bassian us, I. 289, 1 a (ALEXANDER
SEVERUS).
Alex is, grand duke, visit to the United States
alluded to, I. 285, 1 a.
ALEXIS (or Alexius) I., Comnenus, emperor of
Trebizond, I. 292,
ALEXIS (or Alexius) L, Comnenus, emperor of
Constantinople, I. 292. His influence in ex
citing the first crusade, 293, 1 c. His agree
ment (not kept) to furnish supplies for the
crusaders, III.. 151, 2 c.
ALEXIS
ALICANTE
21
ALEXIS, Wilibald : see HARING.
Alexisbad [a-lex -is-bat],(IIartz), VIII. 493, 2 c.
ALEXIS MIKIIAILOVITCII, czar, I. 293.
ALEXIS PETROVITCII, son of Peter the Great,
I. 294.
Alexius: see ALEXIS I., Comnenus, of Trebi-
zond, and ALEXIS I., Comnenus, of Constan
tinople.
Alf, in Scandinavian mythology: see ELF (In
dex).
Alfalfa, plant, X. 702, 2 c ; 703, 2 a.
ALFANI [al-fa -ne], name of two painters, I. 294.
ALFARA BIUS, philosopher, I. 294
ALFIERI, Vittorio [al-fyu -re], poet, I. 294. Re
lation to the countess of Albany, 2 c : see
ALBANY, L. M. C. II., countess of, 248, 2 c.
Influence upon his age and literature, IX.
4G3, 1 c.
Alfila ria (botany), VII. 733, 2 ab.
Alfoera [al-foo -ra] : see HARAFORAS.
Alfonsine astronomical tables [al-fon -sin], I.
802, 1 a.
ALFON SO, several kings of Spain and Portugal,
I. 295.
ALFOXSO I., of Aragon and Navarre, I. 296.
ALFONSO (the Magnanimous) V. of Aragon,
and I. of Naples and Sicily, I. 290.
ALFONSO I., of Portugal, I. 297. Laws of Al
fonso, 2 a.
ALFONSO V., of Portugal, I. 297.
Alfonso IX., king of Leon and Castile, alluded
to, II. 208, 2 c.
ALFORD, Henry [awl -furd], clergyman and au
thor, I. 297.
ALFORT [al-for], village, I. 298.
Alfred of Beverley : see ALURED.
ALFRED THE GREAT, I. 298.
Alfred s castle, II. 562, 1 c.
Alfs of the Eddas: see FAIRIES, VII. 04, 1 c.
Alfuros [al-foo -ros], indigenous race in the In
dian archipelago: see CERAM, IV. 208, and
GILOLO, VII. 813, 1 c.
AL G.E (botany), I. 298; orders, genera, and
species (ills.). Kinds called flag, VII. 247,
2 c. How distinguished from fungi, 529, 2 a.
Relations with lichens and fungi, X. 410, 1 b.
ALGAR DI, Alessandro, sculptor, I. 300. His
"Repulse of Attila," 303, 2 c (ALTO-RILIEVO).
Algaro lia: see MEZQUITE, XI.487, 1 b.
ALGAROT TI, Francesco, scholar, I. 300.
ALGAROVIL LA, astringent substance, I. 301.
ALGAR VE, province, I. 301. Kingdom, 1 c.
ALGAZZA LI, Abu Ilamed Mohammed, philoso
pher, I. 301.
AL GEBRA, I. 301. Arabic improvements in,
G25, 1 c: see MATHEMATICS. Applied to
geometry, VII. 701, 2 a. Only Greek writer
on : see DIOPHANTUS.
ALGECIRAS [Sp. al- k ha-the -rass], seaport and
town, I. 302.
Alger, Francis, mineralogist, XI. 591, 1 a.
AL GER, Horatio, jr., author, I. 302.
ALGER, William Rounseville, clergyman and
author, I. 302.
ALGER BA, a noted double star, I. 302.
ALGE RIA, I. 302 ; 169, 2 c. Map, 303. French
invasion of : see ABD-EL-KADER, 13, 2 a.
Algerine corsairs [al-je-reen J, origin of, I. 305,
2b.
ALGIIERO [al-ga -ro], or Algheri, seaport town,
I. 307.
ALGIERS [al-jeers J, I. 307. Algiers from the
parade ground (ill.), il.
ALGO A BAY, Africa, I. 308.
ALGO MA, Canada, I. 308.
ALGONQUINS [al-gon -kins], Indian tribes, I. 308 ;
XII. 503, 1 c. Their languages, 408, 1 b-2 a.
ALGUAZIL, or Alguacil [al-gwa-theel J, Spanish
officer of the law, I. 309.
ALIIAMA [a-la -ma], name of several towns, I.
309.
Alhamar, king of Granada, I. 296. 1 a.
ALIIAM BRA, suburb of Granada, I. 309. The
Alhambra, Moorish palace, 1 c (ill.) ; in
terior of (ill.), 310 ; drawings of, IX. 679, 2 b.
Al-IIassan ibn Mohammed: see LEO AFRI-
CANUS.
Alhidade : see Alidade (Index).
ALHONDEGA [a-lone -da-ga], Mexico, I. 310.
Battle of, il.
ALI [a -le], pasha of Janina, I. 310. His exe
cution, 311, 1 c. Character as a ruler, il.
ALI (Ali ben Abu Taleb), caliph, I. 311.
Aliaga, Luis de [a-le-a -ga], II. 159, 2 c (Avs-
LLANEDA).
Aliaska [al-yas -ka], peninsula of, I. 240, 2 c.
ALIBAUD, Louis [a-le-bo], political fanatic, I.
311.
Ali len Yusuf [a -le ben yoo -soof], Moorish
chief, I. 296, 1 c.
ALIBERT, Jean Louis [a-le-bair], physician, I.
811.
ALI BEY [a -le ba], chief of the Mamelukes, I.
312.
Ali Bey, traveller: see BADIA Y LEBLICH.
Alica, cracked grain, III. 661, 1 be.
ALICANTE [a-le-kan -ta], province, I. 312. Capi
tal, 2 a (ill.).
ALIOATA
ALLEN
ALICATA: see LICATA.
Al idade, or alhidadc, surveying instrument,
IV. 760, 2 a ; XV. 490, 1 c.
ALIEN [a -lyen], in nationality, I. 312.
Alien and sedition laws, XVI. 162, 1 c. Op
position to, ib. ; I. 93, 1 a ; IX. 594, 1 b ; X.
824, 2 b; XL 201, 1 a.
ALIGIIIERI, Dante degli [da-lye a-le-ghe-a -re] :
see DANTE.
ALIGIIUR , or Allygurh, district, I. 314. Fort, 2 a.
Alignments, in prehistoric monuments, VII.
198, 2 a.
Aliides [a -le-idz], caliphs, III. 617, 1 c.
AL IMENT, or Food, I. 314; IX. 131, 1 be.
ALIMEX TARY CAXAL, I. 317 (ills.).
ALIMEN TUS, Lucius Cincius, historian and
jurist, I. 318.
AL IMOXY, in la\v, I. 319.
All Pasha [a -le pa-sha ] : see ALT, pasha of
Janina, I. 310. Allusion to, 244, 2 c.
Alise Ste. Heine [a-leez sa" 8 t rain], battle field
of Alesia, 1. 273, 2 b.
AL ISOX, Archibald, clergyman and author, I.
320.
ALISON, Sir Archibald, Bart., historian, I. 320.
His " Principles of Population, "XIII. 670, 2 a.
Alison, Dr., his theory of inflammation, IX.
276, 1 a.
Alizari [a-le -za-re], plant, I. 321, 1 a.
ALIZARINE [a-liz -a-rin], I. 321. Artificial, 2 b.
AL KALI, I. 322. Alkaline earths, 1 b ; anhy
drous alkalies, ib.
Alkalim eter, I. 322, 1 c ; XIII. 758, 1 ab.
ALKALIM ETEY, I. 322 ; XIII. 758, 1 a.
Alkaline earths, tannates of, their solubility in
water, VII. 584, 1 b.
Alkaline fats, Nevada, XII. 264, 1 c.
AL KALOID, I. 322. Tannates of alkaloids, their
solubility in water, VII. 584, 1 b.
ALKAXA [al-ka -na] ; see HEXXA.
AI/KAXET, plant, true and false, I. 322.
Alkarsine [al-kar -sin], (chemistry), IX. 733,
2b.
AlkeTcen gi, plant, XIII. 481, 1 c ; yellow, 1 b ;
purple, 2 a.
ALKIX DI, or Alchindus, physician and philoso
pher, I. 322.
ALKMAAR [alk -mar], fortified town, I. 322.
ALKMAAR, Ileinrich von, poet, I. 323.
ALKORAX : see KORAN.
ALLAH, Mohammedan name of the Supreme
Being, I. 323. Allah akbar, battle cry, 1 c.
Allah abad, Moslem name of a sacred town,
2 a.
ALLAHABAD , province, I. 323. District, 1 c.
Town, i~b.
ALLAMAKEE , county, I. 323.
ALLAMAND, Jean Nicolas Sebastien [al-lii-
ma ng ], naturalist, I. 323.
Allamanda, shrub, I. 323, 2 c.
ALLAN, David, painter and engraver, 1. 323.
ALLAN, Sir William, historical painter, I. 324.
ALLAX-KARDEC, Hippolyte Leon Denizard,
spiritualist, I. 324.
Allan tois, VI. 563, 2 be ; 564, 1 b, 2 a.
ALLARD, Jean Frangois [al-lar], soldier, I. 324.
AL LARDICE, Robert Barclay: see BARCLAY.
Alia ud-Din [-deen j, general, IX. 207, 2 c.
Allayed (in alchemy) : see ALLOY, I. 335,
1 b.
AL LEGAX, county, I. 324.
ALLEGA NY, two counties, I. 324.
Allegation of faculties, in law, I. 320, 1 c.
Alleglianies : see APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, I.
589.
ALLEGHANY, two counties. I. 324.
ALLEGHAXY COLLEGE : see MEADVILLE.
ALLEGHANY MOUXTAIXS : see APPALACHIAN
MOUNTAINS.
ALLEGHAXY RIVER, I. 325.
ALLEGHEXY [al-le-ga -ne], county. I. 325.
ALLEGHEXY CITY, I. 325.
ALLE GIANCE, I. 325. English common law,
326, 1 b. Fren,ch code, 1 c. Naturalization,
2 a. Doctrine of the United States, 2 c.
ALLEGRI, Antonio [al-la -gre] : see CORREGGIO.
ALLEGRI, Gregorio, ecclesiastic and composer,
I, 327.
ALLEIXE, or Allein, Joseph [al -len], I. 327.
Richard, 2 c.
ALLEMAXD, Zacharie Jacques Theodore (al
ma" 8 ], count, and vice admiral, I. 328.
ALLEX, four counties, I. 328.
ALLEN, Bog of: see BOG.
ALLEN, Ethan, revolutionary partisan, I. 328.
ALLEN, Ira, revolutionary soldier, Vermont sec
retary of state, &c., I. 329.
ALLEN, Joseph AV., landscape painter, I. 329.
ALLEN, Paul, editor and author, I. 329.
ALLEN, Samuel, acting governor of New Hamp
shire, I. 329.
ALLEN, Solomon, major in the revolutionary
army, I. 329.
ALLEN, Thomas, clergyman, and chaplain in
the revolutionary war, I. 330.
ALLEN, William, D. D., president of Bowdoin
college, I. 330.
ALLEN, William, chemist, I. 330.
ALLEN
ALMERIA
Allen, William, cardinal and archbishop, found
er of Douay college : see ALAN.
ALLEN, William Henry, naval officer, I. 330.
ALLEN, William Henry, LL. D., scholar and
educator, I. 330. (Died 1876.)
ALLENDE, Jose [a-lyain -Ma], Spanish army offi
cer, I. 331.
ALLEXTOWX, town of Pennsylvania, I. 331.
AL LESTREE, or Allestrey, Richard, English di
vine, I. 331.
Allestrey: see ALLESTKEE.
ALLEYN, Edward [ul -lcn], actor, I. 331.
All Fools 1 Day, I. 600, 2 a.
ALL-FOURS , game, I. 331.
ALLGAIER, Johann [uT-ghl-er], chess player, I.
331. Allgaier gambit, ib., and IV. 386, 2 b.
ALL HALLOWS : see ALL SAINTS DAY.
Allia ceous (odor), VII. 624, 2 b.
Alli ance of intervention : see JUAREZ, Benito
Pablo, IX. 697, 2 c.
AL LIBOXE, Samuel Austin, LL. D., author, I.
331.
ALLIER [a-lya], department, I. 332.
AI/LIGATOR, I. 332. Properly so called, 333,
1 a; of Guiana and Surinam (cayman), 1 c;
of Brazil, il>. ; of all tropical America (ja-
care), ib. (ill.).
Alligator cooter (turtle), XV. 131, 2 b.
Alligator garfish, VII. 622, 1 b.
Alligator leather, X. 276, 2 b.
AL LIXGIIAM, William, poet, I. 333.
Allium (botany), XII. 630, 1 c. A. cepa, 2 a.
A. fistulosum, 631, 2 a. A. schoenoprasum,
ib. (ill.). A. sativum, VII. 624, 2 a. A. vi-
neale, 2 c. A. moly, ib. A. porrum, X. 312,
2 a (ill.).
AL LIX, Pierre, French Protestant divine, 1. 333.
AL LOA, seaport town, I. 334.
ALLOBROGES [al-lob -ro-jeez], Gallic people, I.
334.
Allo dial (tenure), XV. 654, 2 a. Allodial pro
prietors, VII. 160, 2 b (FEUDAL SYSTEM).
Allodialists, independent proprietors, VII. 160,
2b.
ALLO DIUM, in law, I. 334. See FEUDAL SYSTEM,
VII. 160, 2 be.
AL LOM, Thomas, architect and landscape paint
er, I. 334.
ALLOMAKEE : see ALLAMAKEE.
ALLOP ATIIY, in medicine, I. 334.
ALLO RI, Alessandro, painter, I. 334. Cristo-
fano, 2 b.
ALLOT ROPISM, I. 334; II. 86, 2 a; IX. 433,
1 c. See CHEMISTRY, IV. 370, 2 a.
ALLOUEZ, Claude Jean [al-wa], Jesuit explorer,
1. 335.
ALLOY , I. 335. Specific gravity, I, 335, 2 a;
Van der Weyde s rule for finding it, 336,
2 b. Fusibility, 335, 2 b ; fusible at lowest
temperature, ib. Conducting power of heat
and electricity, 2 c. Fragility, i&. Cohesion,
ib. Color, ib. Use of alloys in steam boil
ers, 336, 2 c ; as electrical tests, 337, 1 a.
Alloys of lead, X. 263, 2 a.
ALL SAINTS BAY, or Bahia do Todos Santos,
I. 337.
All Saints church (London), X. 598, 2 b.
ALL SAINTS DAY, festival, I. 337.
ALL SOULS, in the church calendar, I. 337.
ALL SPIOE, or Jamaica Pepper, I. 337 (ill.).
ALL STON, Washington, painter, I. 837.
ALLU VIUM, deposits by running streams, I.
338.
Allygurh: see ALIGIIUR.
Allyle [al -lil], chemical radical, VII. 624, 2 be.
Allyn, William, cardinal and archbishop, found
er of Douay college : see ALAN.
ALMA, river, I. 340. Battle of the, 1 a.
ALMACKS [awl -maks], assembly rooms, I. 340 ;
X. 595, 1 be.
ALMADEX, or Almaden del Azogue [al-ma-
th&m Mail a-tho -ga], Spanish town, I. 340.
Almadenejos [al-ma-Ma-na - k hoce], or Little Al
maden, quicksilver mine, I. 340, 2 b.
AL MAGEST, I. 340 ; II. 43, 1 c, and 44 2 b. See
PTOLEMY, XIV. 64, 2 a.
ALMAGRO [al-ma -gro], city, I. 340.
ALMAGRO, Diego de, I. 340. His son, 341, 1 b.
Almakali, lunar goddess, XII. 117, 2 a.
ALMALI, or Elmalu [al-ma-le , el-ma-loo ], city,
I. 341.
AL-MAMOUN, Abu Abbas Abdallah [al-m&-
moon ], caliph, I. 341.
Almamy, an elective African sovereign, VII.
309, 2 c.
ALMANAC [awl -ma-nak], I. 341.
Al mandine ruby, XV. 271, 2 b (SPINEL). See
GARNET, VII. 625, 1 b.
AL-MANSOUR, Abu Jaffar Abdallah [ul-man-
soor J, caliph, I. 342.
AL MARIC, or Amalric of Bene, or Amaury of
Chartres, theologian and philosopher, I. 343.
ALMEII [al -ma], Egyptian singer and dancer,
I. 343.
ALMEIDA [ul-tna -e-da], fortified town, T. 343.
ALMEIDA, Francisco de, viceroy, I. 343.
ALMEIDA [al-ma-re -a], province, I. 343. Capi
tal city, 2 c.
ALMODOVAR
ALSACE
ALMODO YAR, Ildefonso Diaz de Ribera, count
of, statesman, I. 343.
ALMOIIADES [al -rao-hads], Moslem dynasty, I.
344. See 305, 1 c.
AL MOX, John, political writer, I. 344.
ALMOND [am -und], plant, I. 344 (ill.).
ALMOXDE, Philippus van [al-uion -deh], vice
admiral, I. 345.
Almond paste, powdered, XIII. 290, 2 a.
Almonds, bitter, artificial oil of, II. 546, 1 be ;
XIII. 289, 1 b (nitre-benzole).
AL MOXER, I. 345. Lord high almoner, 1 c.
Grand almoner (hereditary), ib. Grand au-
monier, ib.
ALMONTE, Juan Nepomuceno [al-mone -ta],
general and diplomatist, I. 345.
ALMO RA, town, I. 345.
ALMORAYIDES [al-mo -ra-vids], Moslem dynasty,
I. 345. Allusion to, 295, 2 b.
Almos, Magyar leader, I. 763, 1 b ; IX. 55, 2 a.
Al-lfotassem, caliph, I. 341, 2 a.
ALMQUIST, Karl Jonas Ludwig [alm -kwist],
Swedish author, I. 345.
Almug (sandal wood), VIII. 73, 2 a.
ALMY, William, philanthropist. I. 346.
Alnus (botany), I. 268, 1 be (ill.). Species of,
ib.
ALXWICK [an -ik], town, I. 346. Alnwick cas
tle, 2 a (ill.).
Alo a (sea grass), XVI. 733, 1 ab.
ALOE [al -o ; Lat. aloe, al -o-e], plant, I. 346.
ALOE, American : see AGATE.
ALOES, inspissated juice of aloe leaves, I. 346.
Lign aloes, 347, 1 b.
ALO ID.E, mythical, I. 347.
Alombrados [a-lome-bra -^oce], sect of mys
tics: see ILLUMIXATI, IX. 193, 1 be.
ALOM PRA, founder of a Burman dynasty, I.
347.
Alonso, or Alonzo : see ALFOXSO, I. 295, 2 a.
Alopeci idcB (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 1 be.
Alopecu rus praten sis (botany), VIII. 168, 1 c.
Alo pias xul pes (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 1 c
(ill.).
Aloque wine [a-lo -kii], I. 312, 2 a.
Alo sa (ichthyology), VIII. 696, 2 b. A. ty-
rannus, I. 275, 1 c ; XI. 388, 2 b. A. men
haden, ib. (ill.); XIV. 631, 2 b. A. pil-
chardus, XIII. 513, 2 a (ill.); XIV. 807, 1
a. A. praestaMlis, 1 b (ill.). See SARDIXE.
ALOST, or Aelst [a -lost, alst], town, I. 347.
Aloys, prince, X. 416, 1 c.
Aloy sia citriodo ra (botany), XVI. 308, 2 a.
Aloysius, St. : see GOXZAGA, Luigi.
ALPACA [al-pa -ka], species of llama, I. 347 (ill.) ;
X. 553, 2 b.
Alpargates [al-par -ga-teez], sandals, VI. 728,
2b.
ALP ARSLAX , sultan, I. 347.
ALPE XA, county, I. 348.
ALPES, Basses and Hautes : see BASSES- ALPES,
and HATJTES- ALPES.
ALPES-MARITIMES [alp-ma-re-teem], depart
ment, I. 348.
AL PHA AXD OME GA, as thrice used in the book
of Revelation, I. 348.
AL PIIABET, I. 348 (ill.). See WRITING.
Alphabet, Sated , II. 379, 1 b.
Alphabet, Cyrillic: see CYRIL AXD METHODIUS,
V. 620, 1 ab, and SLAVIC RACE AXD LAX-
GUAGES, XV. 104, 1 ab.
Alphabet, Ionic, first use of in public records,
VIII. 195, 2 a,
Alphabet, manual: see DEAF AXD DUMB, V.
739 and 740.
Alphabet, Phoenician, XIII. 455, 2 c (ill., 456) ;
Xeo-Punic, 1 a.
Alpliabet, phonographic, XIII. 459.
Alphabet, physiological, Max Muller s, XIII.
458 ; Whitney s, ib.
Alphabet, universal, scheme of by Leibnitz, X.
323, 2 b.
Alphabets, collection of, and numerous speci
mens of : see Bonoxi, II. 773, 2 c.
ALPIIE US, river, I. 351.
Alphonso : see ALFOXSO.
AL PIXE, county, I. 351.
Alpine antelope, IV. 244, 1 c.
Alpine birch, II. 648, 1 b.
Alpine tunnel (Mont Cenis), IV. 190, 1 a.
Alpinia galanga (botany), VII. 556, 1 b.
ALPS, I. 351. Maritime, 2 b ; Ligurian, ib. ;
Upper Maritime, ib. ; Cottian, 2 c ; Graian,
ib. ; Pennine, ib. ; Lepontine, or Helvetian,
352, 1 a. Description : average height, 351,
2 b ; line of permanent snow, 352, 1 c ; gla
ciers, 2 a ; Mer de Glace, 2 b ; whirlwinds,
ib. ; optical illusions, 2 c ; geological struc
ture, ib. ; flora, 353, 2 b ; animals, 2 c ; roads,
854, 1 b-355, 1 a. Hannibal s route, VIII.
442, 2 ab.
Alp-Teghin [alp-teh-gheen J, founder of the
Ghuznevide dynasty, VII. 793, 2 b.
ALPUJARRAS, or Alpuxarras [al-poo- k har -rass],
mountainous region, I. 355.
A lroy (Alrui), pretended Messiah, VIII.597, 2 a.
ALSACE [al-sass], province, I. 355. Map, 356.
Alsace gum, VI. 65, 1 c.
ALSACE-LORRAINE
ALVAR
ALSACE-LORRAINE, I. 356 (map).
ALSEX [al -zen], Baltic island, I. 357.
Al-Sirat [al-se-raf], Mohammedan bridge over
hell, XL 698, 1 b.
Alsoph ila excelsa (botany), VII. 151, 2 c (ill.).
ALSTED, Johann lleinrich [al -stet], German
Protestant divine and author, I. 357.
ALSTOX, John [awl -stun], benefactor of the
blind, I. 357.
ALSTROMER, Jonas [al -stro-mer], I. 357. Klas,
botanist, 2 c.
Alstromer lily, or inca, I. 358, 1 a.
ALTAI [al-tl ], mountain range, I. 358.
ALTAMAIIA [al-ta-ma-haw J, river, I. 359.
Altamira de Cdceres [al-ta-mG -ra da ku/-sa-
race] : see BARIXAS, II. 312, 1 b.
ALTAMURA [al-ta-moo -ra], town, I. 359.
ALTAR [awl -tar], for religious sacrifices and
offerings, I. 359.
ALT DOEF, or Altorf, town, I. 3 GO.
ALT DORFER, Albrecht, painter and engraver,
I. 300.
ALTEXA [al -teh-na], town, I. 360.
ALTEXBURG, or Saxe-Altenburg [sax-al -ten-
boorg], sovereign duchy, I. 360.
ALTEX-OETTIXG [al -ten-ot -ting], or Alt-Get
ting, town, I. 360.
ALTEXSTEIX [al -ten-stine], mountain castle, I.
360.
ALTEXSTEIX, Karl, baron, I. 361.
ALTERATIVES [awl -ter-a-tivz], medicine, I. 361.
Alternat [al-tfiir-na], in international law, X.
225, 2 a.
ALTERNATE GEXERA TIOX : see JELLY FISH.
ALTIIJE A, genus of plants, I. 361. A. officinalis,
2 b. A. rosea: see HOLLYHOCK. Shrubby
althaea (A. frutex), VIII. 714, 1 a.
Al tliam, Lord, I. 534, 1 a.
ALTHEX, Ehan [al-tu ng ], a Persian, benefactor
of the French people, I. 361. He asked for
bread, and they gave him a stone, 362, 1 a.
Althing [al -ting], (Iceland), IX. 152, 2 c ;
153, 2 a.
Altliis Anna, (ornithology), IX. 50, 2 b (ill.).
ALTIIORP, Viscount: see SPEXCER, XV. 258, 1 b.
Altieri, Emilia [al-te-a -re], (Clement X.), IV.
663, 1 b.
Altis, sacred grove, XII. 623, 1 b.
AL TITUDE, I. 362.
ALTKIRCH [alt -keer c h], town, I. 362.
Altmarlc, a former district of Saxony, III. 209,
2 ab.
Altmish, one of the "slave kings," IX. 207,
2 be.
ALT MUIIL, river, I. 362.
Alto Amazonas, river, I. 380, 2 a.
ALT-OETTIXG : see ALTEX-OETTIXG.
Alto Grande [al -to gran -da], mountain range,
V. 345, 1 b.
ALTON [awl -tun], city, I. 362.
ALTON [al -tun], family, I. 362. Richard, count
d , 2 c. Edward, count d , tt>. Johann Wil-
helin, naturalist, 363, 1 a. Johann Samuel
Eduard, scientist, 1 b.
ALTOXA [al -to-na], city, I. 363.
Alton College: see SIIUETLEFF COLLEGE.
ALTOO NA, city, I. 363.
AL TORF, or Altdorf, town, I. 363.
ALTO-RILIEVO [al -to-re-lya -vo], in sculpture, I.
363; XIV. 715, 1 c.
Alt-Pilsen [alt-pil -zen], village, XIII. 517, 2 ab.
Altsolil [all -zole], a line of the Esterhazy fam
ily, VI. 740, 1 c.
ALTU RAS, county, I. 363.
Alu cita, moths, XL 870, 2 b.
AL UM, I. 863. Manufacture of, 364, 1 b-366,
1 a. Use in medicine and the arts, 366,
1 a-2 a ; in adulterating bread, lard, &c., ib. ;
in baker s bread, 133, 1 b.
Alumbrados [a-loom-bra -^oce] : see ILLUMI-
XATI.
Alum cake, I. 365, 2 b; 369, 1 a.
Alum curd, VI. 451, 2 a.
Alum-Geer [a-loom-gheer ], title, II. 125, 2 a,
ALU MIXA, I. 366. Preparation of, 2 c. Prop
erties of, 367, 1 a. Silicate of (pure clay),
IV. 649, 1 b. Sulphates of, XV. 453, 2 b.
Aluminates, I. 367, 1 b.
Alumin ium: see ALUMINUM.
Alu minous schist, I. 364, 2 be. Manufacture
of alum from, 865,1 a.
ALU MIXUM, or Alumin ium, a metallic base, I.
367. Properties of, 368, 2 a. Salts of, 2 c.
Aluminum bronze, I. 368, 2 c; V. 320, 1 a.
Alum nat, I. 369, 1 b (Ms).
ALUM NUS, I. 369.
Alum-voot, plant, VII. 731, 2 b.
Al unite, or alum stone, mineral, I. 364, 1 a.
ALUNNO, Nicold [a-loon -no], painter, I. 369.
Alu nogen (mineralogy), XV. 453, 2 b.
AL URED, Aired, or Alfred of Beverley, histo
rian, I. 369.
ALU TA, Alt or Olt, river, I. 369.
ALVA, or Alba, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo,
duke of, Spanish general and statesman, and
bloodthirsty military ruler, I. 369.
ALVAR , Alwur , or Machery, state, I. 371.
Capital, 1 c.
ALVARADO
AMAZON
ALVARADO [al-va-ra -ZAo], river and town, I.
371.
ALVARADO, Pedro de, Spanish adventurer, I.
371.
ALVAREZ, Francisco [al -va-ress], traveller, I.
372.
ALVAREZ, Juan, Mexican general, I. 372.
Ahcus [al -ve-us], in ancient baths, II. 383,
1 c.
ALVIXCZY, Joseph, baron [ol -vin-tse], field
marshal, I. 372.
Ahcur : see ALVAR.
ALXINGER, Johann Baptist von [alx -ing-er],
poet, I. 372.
Alytes [a-H -teez], genus of toads, XV. 778,
2 c.
ALZEY [al-tsl], town, I. 372.
AMADE US, name of counts of Savoy, I. 373.
Amadous V., 1 a. Amadeus VIII., 1 b ;
elected pope (Felix V.), 1 c, and II. 359, 1 b.
AMADEUS I. (Amadeo Ferdinando Maria), king
of Spain, I. 373. Referred to, XIV. 779, 1 b.
Abdication of, I. 15, 1 b.
Amadi na (ornithology), VII. 190, 1 c. A.
oryzivora, 2 a.
AM ADIS OF GAUL, mythical hero, I. 373.
AMADOU , county, I. 373.
Amadou [am-a-doo j, tinder, I. 173, 1 c.
Amako m, Caff re tribe. III. 547, 1 c.
Amakuki: see AMAXICIII.
AMAL ARIC, last Visigoth king of Spain, I. 373.
AMALASON TIIA, or Arnalasuintha, daughter of
Theodoric the Great, and regent of Italy, I.
373; IX. 727, 2 c.
Amalasuintha -: see AMALASONTHA.
AMAL EKITES, Bedouin tribe of ancient Pales
tine, I. 374.
AMALFI [ii-mal -fe], city and seaport, I. 374
(ill.)-
AMAL GAM, I. 374. Of mercury and ammonium,
428, 2 c.
Amalgam, electric, VI. 505, 1 c.
AMALGAMATION, for extracting minerals from
ores, I. 375.
Am all: see AMALS.
AMALIA, Anna [a-ina -le-a], duchess of Saxe-
Weimar, I. 375.
AMALIE, Mario Friederike [a-ma -le-eh], queen
of Greece, I. 375. (Died 1875.)
AMALIE, Marie Friederike Auguste, duchess,
dramatist, I. 376.
Amalie Hertc^, pseudonyme : see AMALIE,
Marie Friederike Auguste.
AM ALS, or Am ali, Gothic royal family, I. 376.
AMALTH^E A, mythical, I. 376. Horn of, V. 369,
1 a.
Amana communists [a-mtV-na], XV. 140, 2 a.
Aman dus, Brother: see Suso, Heinrich.
Amandus, self-styled emperor, II. 215, 1 a.
AMA XUS, mountain range, I. 376.
Amaponda, or Maiubookis, Caffre tribe, III.
547, 1 c.
AMAR, J. P. Andre [a-mar], French revolution
ist, I. 376.
AM ABAXTH, plant, I. 376. Love-lies-bleeding
(ill.), and other species.
Amaranths, globe, IX. 196, 2 c.
Amaran tm (botany), I. 376, 2 ab. A. cauda-
tus, 2 b (ill.), and other species, A. blitum,
untouched by the locust, XIV. 373, 2 a.
AMARAPURA, or Ummerapura [-poo -ra], city, I.
377.
Amaryl lu belladonna (botany), II. 501, 1 a.
A. formosissima, IX. 498, 1 ab (ill.).
AMASIA, Amasieh, or Amasiyah [a-ma -se-a,
-se-eh, -se-ya], city, I. 377.
Amasieh: see AMASIA.
AMA SIS, or Araosis, two Egyptian kings, I.
377.
Amasis, king of Egypt, referred to, XIII. 686,
1 b.
Amasiyah : see AMASIA.
Amateinba, or Tambookis, Caifre tribe, III.
547, 1 c.
AMATI [a-ma -te], family, I. 377. Andrea, 2 a.
Kicolo, 2 b. Antonio, ib. Geronimo, 2 c.
Nicold, ib.
"Amatis, grand," XVI. 305, 1 ab.
AMATITLAX , town, I. 378.
AMA TUS LUSITA XUS, physician, I. 378.
AMAURO SIS, affection of the eye, I. 378.
AMAURY [a-mo-re], or Amalrie, two kings of
Jerusalem, I. 378.
AMAURY OF CHARTRES : see ALMARIC OF
BENE.
AMAXICIII, or Amakuki [am-ax-e -ke, am-a-koo -
ke], seaport, I. 378.
AMAZI AII, king of Judah : see HEBREWS, VIII.
588, 2 c.
Amazirghs [a-ma-zeergs ], II. 549, 2 be (BER
BERS). Referred to, X. 406, 1 b.
AM AZOX, or Amazons, river, I. 378. Discov
ered, 380, 2 a. First navigated, XII. 686, 2 A.
Periodical inundations, I. 379, 2 a. The bore,
description of, 2 b. Back channels, 2 c.
Temperature, ib. Valley of the Amazon,
ib. Amazon navigation company, 380, 1 c.
Origin of the name, 2 a.
AMAZON
AMERICAN
27
"Amazon of the Revolution" female French
revolutionist, XV. 701, 1 ab.
AMAZO NAS, province of Brazil, I. 380. De
partment of Peru, 2 b.
AMAZONIA, supposed country of the fabled
Amazons in South America, I. 380.
AM AZONS, race of martial women, I. 380. A
nation of fabled modern female warriors,
380, 2 a.
Amazons, king of Dahomey s guard, V. 636, 2
b; I. 27, 1 c (ABOMEY).
Amazooloos : see ZOOLOOS.
AMBASSADOR, or Embassador, I. 381.
Ambati [am-ba -te], Feejee priest, VII. 112, 2 a.
AM BER, I. 331. Early knowledge of its electric
power, 382, 2 b ; VI. 500, 2 ab. False amber,
I. 382, 2 b.
AMBERG [am -bairg], town, I. 382.
AMBERGER, Christoph [am-biiir -gher], painter,
I. 383.
AMBERGRIS [arn -ber-greece], perfume, I. 383 ;
XIII. 289, 1 b.
Ambigu ity, latent, in law, VII. 8, 1 c.
AMBI ORIX, Gallic chief, I. 383.
AMBLETEUSE [a nB -blu.h-tuz], decayed seaport, I.
383.
AmUyop sis (ichthyology), II. 722, 2 c. A.
, spelams, 2 ab (ill.) ; V. 177, 1 ab, 179, 2 ab.
See CRAWFISH, V. 464, 2 c, and Fishes, Mind
(Index).
Aniblyrhyn chus, lizard, VII. 557, 1 be. A.
cristatus, ib. A. Demarlii, 1 c.
Amltys toma (zoology), II. 166, 2 c, if. ; XIV.
558, 1 c.
Ainbo, or ambon, reading desk, XIII. 245, 1 a.
Its place in ancient churches, IV. 566, 2 b.
AMBOISE [a ng -bwaz], town, I. 383. Conspiracy
of, 1 a, and IX. 37, 1 c.
AMBOISE, George d , cardinal and statesman, I.
383.
AMBOY NA, or Amboina, island, I. 383. Capital,
384, 1 b.
Amboyna icood, IV. 208, 2 a.
AMBRA CIA, ancient town, I. 384.
Ambracian gulf, I. 384, 2 a,
Arribreine [am -bre-in], I. 383, 1 b (AMBERGRIS).
Am hrister, British subject, tried and executed
by order of Andrew Jackson, IX. 491, 1 c.
AMBRIZ [am-breez ], a division of Angola, 1. 384.
Ambrogiotto : see GIOTTO.
AMBRO NES, a nation of Gaul, I. 384.
AM BROSE, Saint, I. 384. As a writer, X. 200,
1 c. Monachism encouraged by him, XL
729, 2 ab.
AMBRO SIA, mythical, I. 385.
AMBROSIAN CHANT, I. 385.
AMBROSIAN LIBRARY, I. 385.
Ambrosian rite, the, X. 535, 1 be.
Ambrosians, religious order, II. 318, 2 c.
Ambrosius: see AMBROSE.
Am lrotypc, XIII. 470, 2 b (PHOTOGRAPHY).
AM BULANCE, I. 386.
Ambulatory, legal term, VII. 805, 2 be.
Ambulatory schools, in Sweden, VI. 420, 1 c.
Ameer, title, XV. 64, 2 c.
Ameiva [a-ma -va], lizard, X. 551, 2 ab.
AME LIA, county, I. 386.
Amelia, princess, effect of her death on the
mind of King George III., VII. 709, 1 b.
Amelia, pseudonyme : see WELBY.
AMELOT DE LA HOUSSAYE, Abraham Nicolas
[um-lo dull la oos-sa], author, I. 386.
AMELOTTE, Denis [am-lut], French writer, I.
386.
Amen [a -men], or Amen-Ra, Egyptian god, I.
426, 1 c.
Amen-hotep : see AMENOPIIIS.
Amen-iritis, queen of Ethiopia, VI. 750, 1 a.
AMEN OPHIS, Amunoph, or Amen-hotep, Egyp
tian king, I. 386; VI. 461, 1 b, 2 ab.
Amenophis III., statue of: see MEMNON.
Am ent : see Catkin (Index).
AmentacecK (botany), XII. 551, 1 b.
AMERBACII, Johann [a -mer-baMi], printer, I.
387. Bonifaz, professor, 1 b.
AMERICA, I. 387. Geology, 2 a ; volcanoes, b ;
animals, ib. ; flora, 388, 1 c ; extent, ib. area,
population, and history, 391, 2 b-393, 1 a;
ancient population, 395, 2 be. North Amer
ica, 388, 1 c ; map, after 386 ; mountains and
watersheds, 388, 2 a-389, 2 c ; minerals, 389,
2 c; political divisions, 390, 1 b. Central
America, 390, 1 c; temples of, 397, 2 c.
South America, topographical divisions, 390,
2 b-391, 1 a ; political do., 391. 1 and 2 ; map,
after 390. Islands of America, 391, 2 a.
America, discovery of, claimed by Venetians,
I. 667, 2 c. See ZENO, Nicole- and Antonio.
Welsh legend respecting it, X. 828, 1 c. See
NORTHMEN, XII. 498, 1 b.
American alewife, fish, I. 275, 1 c.
AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES, I. 393 (ills.). See also
ALABAMA, I. 229, 1 c; AUBURN, II. 100, 2
ab; AYMARAS; AZTECS; BRASSEURDEBOUR-
BOURG ; CASAS GRANDES; CIIICIIEN; COLO
RADO, V. 107, 1 a; COPAN; CUNDTNAMARCA;
Cuzco, V. 603, 1 a, b, c; FINDS, VIII. 197, 2 a,
and 198, 1 a; LA PAZ, X. 159, 1 a; MARI-
28
AMERICAN"
AMLWCH
ETTA, Ohio ; MASAYA ; MAYAS ; MICHIGAN",
XI. 407, 2 c ; MOUXDSVILLE ; NORTH CARO
LINA, XII. 490, 2 c ; OHIO RIVER, 603, 2 ab ;
PALENQUE; PERU, XIII. 341, 2 be; PETEX,
349, 2 c; SQUIER, Ephraim George; STE
PHENS, John Lloyd; TENNESSEE, XV. 644,
2 a; TITICACA; VANCOUVER ISLAND, XVI.
256, 2 ab ; WISCONSIN, 682, 2 a ; YUCATAN,
800, 1 ab ; ARIZONA, I. 711, 2 b.
American association (of the colonies), XVI.
155, 2 c.
American association for the advancement of
science, I. 137, 1 c.
American city, so-called (Cuba), III. 778, 2 a.
American colonization. Spanish, VII. 284, 1 a.
French, III. 677, 2 be; X. 677, 2 b. Lon
don company, XV. 189, 1 c ; XVI. 381, 2 be.
London and Plymouth companies, XVI. 150,
1 c. Dutch West India company, XII. 371,
1 ab.
American far company, VII. 536, 1 a.
American geological society, first meeting of,
VII. 691, 2 c.
AMERICAN INDIANS, I. 401. Xames of tribes,
1 c; social condition at the discovery of
America, 2 ab, and 402, 1 c ; physical and
intellectual character, 2 b ; origin, 402, 1 b.
Treatment by the Spaniards, 404, 1 ab; by
the French, 1 c; by the English, 2 b. Indian
missions, 2 c. Indian wars, 405, 1 c. Treat
ment by the United States, 2 c.
AMERICAN INDIANS, Languages of the, I. 407.
Peculiarities of, 1 c. North American, 2 b ;
South American, 412, 1 a.
AMERICANISMS, I. 414.
American icy, XVI. 388, 2 a.
American Journal of Science and Arts, VII.
691, 2 b and c; XV. 45, 2 b and c.
American lion, V. 422, 1 c.
American ore hearth, X. 256, 2 ab.
American revolution, beginning of, in Virginia,
VIII. 664, 1 c. See UNITED STATES.
AMERICAN RIVER, I. 416.
American sable, XI. 601, 1 ab.
American safeguard, the great (zoology), X.
551, 2 b.
American senna, IV. 63, 2 b.
AMERICAN WINES, I. 416. Wines of the At
lantic coast, 417, 1 c; of the southern At
lantic states, 420, 1 b ; of the Pacific coast,
2 a.
American woodbine, XVI. 388, 2 a.
AMERIGO VESPUCCI [a-ma-re -go ves-poot -che] :
see VESPUCCI.
Ameriscog gin, river : see ANDROSCOGGIN.
AMERSFOORT [a -mers-fort], town, I. 422.
AMES, Edward R., D. D., clergyman, I. 422.
AMES, Fisher, orator and statesman, I. 422.
AMES, Joseph, portrait painter, I. 422.
AMES, Joseph, antiquary, I. 422.
AMES, William, D. D., English Independent
divine, I. 423.
AMESBURY [aimz -ber-e], town, I. 423. Bard
of Amesbury, 1 b,
Ames manufacturing company, TV. 421, 1 c.
AM ETHYST, I. 423. Oriental, XIV. 620, 1 b ;
627, 1 a.
AMGA [am-ga J, river of Siberia, I. 423.
Amhara [am-ha -ra] : see ABYSSINIA, 1. 45, 2 a,
&c., and AMHARIC LANGUAGE.
AMHARIO LANGUAGE, I. 423 : VI. 752, 2 b.
Amharic Bible, I. 49, 1 c,
AMHERST [am -erst], county, I. 423.
AMHERST, town of Massachusetts, I. 423. Am-
herst college, 2 c.
AMHERST, town of British Burmah, I. 424.
AMHERST, Jeffery, baron, English general, I.
424; 20, 2 b; XV. 738, 1 a. William Pitt,
earl, and Viscount Ilolmesdale, 2 c.
Amia (ichthyology), XII. 25, 2 ab. A. occiden
tals, 26, 1 a (ill., 25).
AMIAN THUS: see ASBESTUS.
Amicable society for a perpetual assurance
office (England), X. 424, 2 c.
AMICE [am -is], priest s vestment, I. 424.
AMICI, Giovanni Battista [a-ine -che], optician
and astronomer, I. 425. Vincenzo, 1 ab.
Amict: see AMICE.
Am ida, Japanese deity, IX. 539. 1 a.
Amida, ancient town : see PIAEBEKIR.
AM IDAS, Philip, discoverer, I. 425.
Amienois [am-ya-nwa], district, T. 425, 2 a.
AMIENS [am -e-enz ; Fr. am-ya" ? ], town, I. 425.
Treaty of, 2 a, and XV. 213, 1 c.
Amikouek, Indian tribe, II. 436, 1 be.
Amin ias, brother of JEschylus, rewarded for
his courage, I. 151, 2 b; 152, 1 a.
AMIOT, or Amyot, Joseph [am-yo], missionary,
I. 425.
Amir [a-meer J : see EMIR.
Amirantes [am-e-rants J, islands, XI. 293, 1 c.
Amissio civitatis, in Roman law, III. 754, 2 ab.
Am istad case [Sp. a-mees-ta^ ], Mr. Adams
counsel for the Africans, I. 105, 2 a.
AMITE [a-meef], river, I. 425.
AMITE, county, I. 425.
Amleth [am -let] : see HAMLET.
AMLWCH [am -look], seaport town, I. 426.
AMMAN
AMPHICTYONY
29
AMMAN, Johann Konrad [am -man], physician,
I. 420 ; V. 732, 2 b (DEAF AND DUMB). Jost,
or Jodocus, painter and engraver, I. 426, 1 b.
AMMEROAU [am -mer-gow] : see OBER-AMMER-
GAU.
AMMIAN US MARCELLI NUS, Roman soldier and
historian, I. 420; X. 200, 1 b, be.
Ammo Uum ala tum (botany), IX. 19G, 2 be (ill.).
Ammoce tes (ichthyology), referred to, VII. 240,
1 b.
Ammodro mus (ornithology), VII. 192, 1 c. A.
caudacutus, 2 a (ill., 1 c). A. maritimus, 2 al>.
Ammody tes (ichthyology), VI. 448, 1 a.
AM MON, mytliical, I. 420 ; XII. 110, 2 a; XIII.
436, 1 c.
Amman, monk, XI. 728, 2 c.
Amman, or Ammonium, oasis : see SIWAIT.
AMMON, Christoph Friedrich von, theologian
and pulpit orator, I. 420.
AMMO NIA, I. 427. See CHEMISTRY, IV. 309, 2 b.
Ammonia alum, I. 304, 1 c ; 305, 2 c ; 300, 1 a.
AMMONIAC, a gum resin, I. 428.
Ammoniac acetate, I. 61, 2 ab.
Ammoniakrut [am-mo -ne-a-kroot], explosive
powder, VII. 38, 2 c.
Ammonian sections (of the New Testament), II.
012, 1 a.
AM MONITES [generic, sing, and pi., am-mo-nl -
teez], fossil shells, I. 428 (ills.) ; IT. 484, 2 b,
485, 2 ab. Shell of, XII. 170, 2 c.
AMMO NIUM (chemistry), I. 428.
AMMONIUM, Oasis of: see SIWAIT.
Ammoni uret of silver (fulminating silver), dis
coverer of, II. 585, 1 a.
AMMO NIUS SAC CAS, philosopher, 1. 429. Found
er of Xeo-Platonism, XII. 224, 2 c; VI. 391,
2 b; XIII. 014, 2ab.
AMMO?TOO SUCK, Upper, and Lower or Great,
two rivers, I. 429.
Ammot ragus (zoology), XIV. 837, 1 ab.
AMMUNITION, military stores or provisions, I/
429.
Amner : see ALMONER.
AM NESTY, pardon of political offences, I. 429.
Relation of amnesty to pardon, 2 b. Proc
lamations of amnesty by Presidents Lincoln
and Johnson, 430, 1 a. The president s
power to grant a general amnesty discussed,
1 a-432, 1 b ; affirmed by the supreme court,
432, 2 b.
Amnesty, proclamations of, by President John
son, IX. 601, 1 c and 2 c.
Am nion^l. 503, 2 a; 504, 2 b. Dropsy of,
XII. 569, 2 b.
AMCE BA : see ANIMALCULES, I. 515, 1 b, 2 be ;
XIV. 34, 1 c.
Amo mum cardamomum (botany), III. 777, 1
ab. A. Melegueta, 2 a. A. grana paradisi
(ill.), ib.
Amon, deity: see AMMON, I. 426, 1 c.
Amontilla do sherry [Sp. a-mone-te-lya -Ao],
XV. 224, 2 be and c. Cause of its peculiar
taste, III. 144, 1 a.
AMONTONS, Guillaume [a-mo ng -to" g ], physicist,
I. 432.
Amoo Darya [a-moo dar -ya] : see Oxus.
AMOOR, Amur [a-moor J, or Saghalien, river, I.
433.
AMOOR COUNTRY, I. 433.
A MOR : see EROS.
Amora im, Jewish teachers, VIII. 595, 1 a.
AMORET TI, Carlo, Italian scholar, I. 433. Maria
Pellegrina, 2 c.
AM ORITES, tribe of Canaanites, I. 434.
AMORTIZATION, or Amortizement [a-mor -tiz-
ment], in old English law, I. 434. Origin
of the word, 1 b.
Amortizement: see AMORTIZATION.
AM ORY, Thomas, author, I. 434.
A MOS, Hebrew prophet, I. 434.
Amo sis : see Amasis.
AMOSKEAG [am-us-keg J : see MANCHESTER, N". II.
AMOY , seaport town, I. 434.
Ampaly, tree, X. 810, 1 be.
Am pelis (ornithology), XVI. 517, 1 c. A.
garrulus, 2 b (ill.) ; VII. 104, 2 ab. A. cedro-
rum, IV. 166, 1 c.
Ampelop sis quinquefolia, or A. hederacea
(botany), XVI. 387, 2 c; ills., 388. Other
species, ib.
AMPERE, Andre Marie [a ng -pair], physicist, I.
434. His theory of electro-magnetism, VI.
513, 2 b, ff. Jean Jacques Antoine, I. 435,
1 a.
AMP FING, Bavarian village, I. 435.
AMPHIARA US, mythical hero and seer, I. 435.
AMPUIB IA, 1. 435. See COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.
Amphibians and reptiles, difference between
them, I. 437, 2 b ; VIII. 695, 2 a.
Am pJiibole rocks, VIII. 821, 1 c.
Amphibol ogy, in logic, X. 579, 2 b.
Ampliicar pum (botany), XI. 555, 2 b. A.
Purshii, 2 c. A. Floridanum, ib.
AmpJiic tyon, mythical, I. 438, 1 c.
AmpJiictyon ic council, I. 438, 1 c ; X. 222, 1 b.
AMPHIC TYONS, I. 438.
Amphictyony, protective union of neighboring
Greek tribes, states, or cities, I. 438, 1 be.
30
AMPHILOCHUS
ANAEMIA
AMPHIL OCHUS, legendary hero, I. 438.
AMPHI ON, mythical, I. 439.
Amphiox ua (ichthyology), X. 137, 1 ab. A.
lanceolatus (ill.), 1 be.
Amphipneu ra, order of amphibia, I. 435, 2 b.
AMPHIP OLIS, ancient city, I. 439.
AMPIIISB^ NA (zoology), I. 439. A. fuliginosa,
2 a (ill.).
AMPHITHE ATEE, Roman, I. 439. At Yerona
(ill.), 440 ; at Ephesus (ill.), VI. 078.
Amphitherium, fossil animal, XII. Ill, 1 b.
AMPHITBI TE, Greek deity, I. 441. How dis
tinguished from Aphrodite in ancient art, 1 a.
AMPHITRYON, in Greek legends, I. 441 ; 264,
Ib.
AmpMuma me am (zoology), V. 242, 1 b (ill.).
A. tridactylum, 1 c.
AM PIIORA, ancient vase, I. 441 (ills.).
Amplifier, for the microscope, XL 515, 2 a.
Ampt hill park, alluded to, II. 449, 2 c.
AMPUI/LA, Roman bottle-shaped vessel, I. 441.
Ampulla Rhemensis, legend of, 2 a.
AMPUTA TION, surgical operation, I. 441.
Am raphel, ancient king, IV. 230, 2 ab.
AMBIT SIE, or Umritsir, town, I. 442.
AMRU IBN EI.-AAS [am -roo ibn el-ass ], early
proselyte of Mohammed, I. 442.
AMRU L-IVAIS [um-rool-klce J, or Amrulcais,
Arabian poet, I. 442.
AMS DORF, Nikolaus von, German reformer, I.
443.
Amshas pands, in Persian demonology, Y. 793,
2b.
AM SLER, Samuel, engraver, I. 443.
AM STEL, river, I. 443.
AM STERDAM, city, I. 443. Palace of. 444, 1 a
(ill.)-
Amt, district, II. 556, 1 c.
Amther [am -tcr], a naturalized citizen of the
United States, case of, I. 327, 1 b.
Amtmaml, an officer of the Faroe isles, VII.
90, 2 a.
AMUCK , running, a Malay custom, I. 445.
AM ULET, worn as a preservative against real
or fancied evil, I. 445.
Amun, Egyptian deity, XII. 116, 2 a.
Amunoph: see AMENOPIIIS.
Amur : see AMOOR.
AMURATII, or Murad [u -moo-rat , moo-rad ],
four Turkish sultans, I. 445.
Amurath (Jozef Bern), Polish general, II. 513,
Ic.
AMUSSAT, Jean Zulema [a-mu-sa], French sur
geon, I. 447.
Am yda (zoology), XV. 810, 2 a and c. A.
spinifer, 2 a.
Amyg dalw: see TONSILS.
Amygda lece (botany), I. 344, 2 be ; 345, 1 b.
Amygdali tis: see QUINSY.
AMYG DALOID, a rock formation, I. 447. See
XVI. 574, 2 a,
! Amygdalus (botany) : see ALMOND. A. Per-
sica (peach), XIII. 204, 2 c; ill., 205, 1 a.
Meaning of amygdalus, 206, 1 ab.
! AM YL (chemistry), I. 447.
Arnyla ceous matter : see STARCH.
Amyl alcohol: see FUSEL OIL.
AM YLENE (chemistry), I. 447.
Amyl ic alcohol: see AMYL.
Amyloid substance, XIV". 31, 1 c.
AMYN TAS, three Macedonian kings. I. 448,
AMYOT, Jacques [am-yo], author, I. 448.
Amyot, missionary : see AMIOT.
Amyral dists, followers of John Cameron, III.
655, 2 a.
AMYRAUT, Mo ise [am-e-ro], theologian, I. 448.
Am yris (botany), II. 247, 1 a.
AN A, prefix and suffix, 1. 448.
ANABAP TISTS, 1. 448. Different classes of, 449,
1 b; the fanatics and revolutionists, 2 b;
the conscientious and law-abiding, 450, 1 b ;
persecution of the latter, their tenets and
character, ib.
AN ABAS SCAN DENS (ichthyology), I. 450.
ANAB ASIS, title of a book, I. 451.
AN ABLEPS (ichthyology), I. 451 ; X. 556, 1 be.
Anacamp sis sarcitel la, moth, XI. 870, 2 a.
Anacar dium occidenta le (botany), IV. 53, 2 c.
Anacliaris [an-ak -a-ris], (botany), referred to,
I. 609, 2 be. A. alsinastrum, 2 c.
ANACHAR SIS, Scythian philosopher, I. 451.
Anacharsis Clootz: see CLOOTZ, Jean Baptiste.
Anachorct [an-ak -o-ret] : see ANCHORET.
ANACLE TUS, saint and pope, I. 451. Antipope,
1 2 b; II. 573. 2 a, b, and c; IX. 287, 2 ab.
ANACON DA, I. 451 (ill.). See III. 225, 2 b.
ANAC REON, Greek poet, I. 452.
Anacreon of the Guillotine (B&r&TQ), II. 310, 1 a.
Of Sweden (Bellman), II. 506, 2 c. Portu
guese, VIII. 100, 1 be. Sicilian : see MELI.
Anacto ria, a name of Miletus, XI. 536, 1 a.
Anadir : see ANADYR.
Anado li Hissar , castle, III. 113, 1 b.
ANADYOMENE [an-a-di om -e-ne], surname of a
picture of Venus, I. 452.
ANADYR [an-a-deer ], gulf, I. 452 ; river, 2 b.
AN^E MIA : see BRAIN, Diseases of the, and
CHLOROSIS. Cerebral, III. 197, 2 c. In chlo-
ANAEMIC
ANCILLOX
31
rosis, IV. 504, I be. In other conditions of
the system, 2 c.
Anaemic females : see GOITRE, VIII. 71, 1 ab.
Ancemic protrusion of the eyeballs, VIII. 560,
2b.
AncBsthe sia, ethereal, introduction of into den
tistry and surgery, XI. 855, 2 b.
Anaesthesia, lead, X. 247, 2 b.
AxyESTiiET ics, I. 452. Discovery of, 453, 2
ab; IX. 495, 1 b.
Anagal lis arven sis (botany), XIII. 518, 2 a
(ill.).
ANAGNI [a-na -nye], town, I. 455.
AN AGRAM, I. 455. Examples of, 1 b.
Ariahid : see AXAITIS.
AXAIIUAC [a-na -wak], Mexican aboriginal
name, I. 455. Anahuac-Ayotlan and Ana-
huac-Xicalanco, 1 c.
Anahualtecas : see ANAHIIAC.
AXAITIS [an-a-I -tis], or Anahid, oriental god
dess, I. 455.
An akim, giant race, XV. 546, 2 ab.
Analogues, Geoffrey s theory of, VII. 682, 1 b.
Anal ysis: see PHILOSOPHY, XIII. 430, 2 ab.
Analysis by diffusion : see DIALYSIS.
AXALYT ICAL GEOM ETKY, I. 455.
An alyser, in polarizing apparatus, X. 446, 2 c.
AXAM , or Annam, I. 456 (map).
AXAMBOE [an-am-boo J, seaport town, I. 457.
Anamelech [an-am -e-lek], Babylonian deity,
XII. 117, 1 c.
Anamese race, I. 457, 1 ab ; IX. 253, 1 c.
Anamir ta : see COCCULUS.
Ananas sa sati ca (botany), XIII. 527, 2 c.
Anan l)cn David, founder of the Karaite sect,
IX. 767, 1 c ; VIII. 595, 2 b.
ANAXI AS, name of three persons, I. 457.
" Anar chiad," the, poems, IX. 52, 1 b.
Anarrhi cas lu pus (ichthyology), XVI. 698,
2 a (ill.); IV. 110, 1 ab.
A nas (ornithology), VI. 288, 2 ab. A. boschas,
2 c (ill.). A. acuta, anatomy of, V. 175, 2 a.
Anas, river : see GUADIAXA.
Anasar ca, general dropsy, VI. 266, 1 ab ; XII.
582, 2 c.
AXASTA SIA, name of three saints, I. 457.
AXASTASIUS, name of four popes, I. 458.
AXASTASIUS, name of two emperors, I. 458.
Anastasius Gran, pseudonyme, II. 105, 2 c.
Anastat ica hierochun tina (botany), XIV. 440,
1 c (ill.).
AXASTOMO SIS (anatomy), I. 458.
AN ATA : see AXATHOTII.
Anatase, mineral : see TITAXIUM, XV. 770, 2 c.
AXATH EMA, in Greek classics and the Old and
New Testaments, I. 458. Anathema martt-
natha: see XV. 272, 1 c.
AX ATHOTII, a town of Palestine, I. 459.
Anat ifa: see BARNACLE, II. 319, 2 a,
Anati na (ornithology), III. 732, 2 c ; VI. 288,
1 b.
AXATO LIA : see ASIA MIXOR.
ANATOM ICAL PREPARATIOXS, I. 459. Artificial
imitations, 2 c, and II. 157 (Auzoux, T. L.).
Hyrtl s, IX. 139, 1 c.
Anatomic clastiquc [a-nu-to-me klas-teek] : see
Auzoux, T. L.
AXAT OMY, I. 460. Human, first investigator
of, VIII. 692, 1 b. Microscopic, 745, 2 b.
Transcendental, XIII. 422, 2 b.
ANATOMY, Comparative : see COMPARATIVE
AXATOMY.
Anatomy act, XV. 122, 1 b.
AXAXAG ORAS, Greek philosopher, I. 463. His
views of the origin of plants and animals,
VII. 10, 1 b.
Anaxagore ia, festival, I. 463, 2 a.
AXAXAR CHUS, Greek philosopher, I. 463.
AXAXIMAX DER, Greek philosopher, I. 463.
Views attributed to him of the origin of ani
mals, and of man as he now exists, VII. 10,
1 ab.
AXAXIMEXES [an-ax-im -e-neez], Greek philoso
pher, I. 463. Historian and rhetorician, 2 c.
AXCACH [an-katch J, department of Peru, I. 464.
AXCELOT, Jacques Arsene Francois Polycarpe
[a ng -slo], dramatist, I. 464. Marguerite Louise
Virginia Chardon, dramatist and novelist,
1 b.
AXCIIISES [an-kl -zeez], legendary Trojan prince,
I. 464.
AN CIIOR, for mooring a vessel, I. 464 (ills.).
Anchor budding, for propagating trees, III.
404, 2 b.
AXCIIORET [aiig -ko-ret], Anchorite, or Anacho-
ret, religious recluse, I. 467; XI. 728, 2 b.
AXCIIOVY [an-tcho -ve], fish, I. 467 (ill.). An
chovy, so-called, XV. 57, 2 c.
Anchu sa tincto ria, false alkanet, I. 322, 2 b.
Anchusine [ang -ku-zin], a dye, I. 322, 2 c.
ANCHYLOSIS [ang-ke-lo -sis], (pathology), I. 467.
Treatment, 468, 1 a.
AXCIEXXE LORETTE [a" B -se-6n lo-ret], village,
I. 468.
AXCILLOX, David [a nf -ce-lyo ng ], clergyman, I.
468. Charles, author, 1 c. Ludwig Fried-
rich, clergyman, 2 a. Johann Peter Fried-
rich, statesman and historian, ib.
ANCKARSTEOEM
ANDREW
AXCKAESTEOEM, or Ankarstrom, Jolian Jakob
[an -kar-strom], assassin, I. 468.
AX CLAM : see AXKLAM.
AXCO XA. province, I. 4G8. Capital city, 2 c.
Ancona with the Arch of Trajan (ill.). 469.
Ancona, Andrea di (Lilio), I. 469, 2 a.
AXCEE, Concino de Concini, marshal and mar
quis d [du ng -kr ], I. 469.
Ax cus MAR CIUS, fourth king of Rome, I. 470.
AXCY EA, ancient city, T. 470. Monument of,
1 be; XIII. 310, 2 b.
AXDALU SIA, southern division of Spain, I. 470.
Orig in of the name, XVI. 257, 1 a.
AN DAM AX ISLANDS, in the bay of Bengal, I.
470.
Andeafaran: see AXDOVER, England.
Andeca ci, or Andegavi, ancient tribe of Gaul,
I. 494, 2 a; 527,2 c.
Andegavi: see Andccavi (Index).
Andelot [a ng -dlo], treaty of, VIII. 247, 2 c.
AXDELYS, Les [lii zu ng -dle], town, I. 471.
AXDEXXE [a ng -den], town, I. 471.
AXDERLECJIT [An -der-lekt], town, I. 471.
AXDERLO XI, Pietro, engraver, I. 471. Fausti-
no, engraver, 1 b.
AX DEESEX, Hans Christian, Danish poet and
novelist, I. 471. (Died 1875.)
AX DERSOX, five counties, I. 472.
AXDEESOX, Alexander, first American wood
engraver, I. 472.
AXDEESOX, Sir Edmund, judge, I. 472.
AXDEESOX, James, antiquary, I. 472.
AXDEESOX, James, writer on agriculture, &c.,
I. 472.
AXDERSOX, John, Scottish educator, I. 473.
AXDEHSOX, Martin Brewer, LL. D., American
educator, president of the university of
Rochester. I. 473.
ANDEESOX, Robert, general, I. 473.
Anderson- Garrett, Dr. (Mrs. Elizabeth Gar-
rett Anderson), VII. 627, 1 ab.
Anderson school of natural history, VI. 537,
2 be. (Discontinued after 1874.)
AXDEESOXVILLE, I. 473. Military prison, 2 be.
Cemetery, 475, 1 b.
AX DERSSEX, Adolph, chess player, I. 475.
AX DEESSOX, Carl Johan, traveller, I. 475.
AXDERSSOX, Lars : see ANDREW, Laurentius.
AXDEESSOX, Nils Johan, Swedish botanist, I.
475.
ANDES [aV-deez], mountains, I. 475. Different
members of, 476, 1 a. General character of,
478, 1 ab. Geological structure and minerals,
479, 1 c. Derivation of the name, 480, 1 a.
Andes grass, XII. 562, 1 a.
Andhra, a race of India, IX. 215, 1 c.
AXDLAW, Franz Xaver von [and -lav], diploma
tist, I. 480.
AXDOCIDES [an-dos -e-deez], Athenian orator,
I. 480.
AXDOR EA, republic, I. 480.
AX DOVEE, town of England, I. 481. Origin
of the name, 1 a.
AXDOVER, town of Massachusetts, I. 481. The
ological seminary, 1 b.
AXDKADA, Antonio d [da ng -dru -da], mission
ary, I. 481.
AXDRADA E SYLVA, Bonifacio Joze d , states
man and naturalist, I. 481 .
AXDEAL, Gabriel [a ng -dral], physician, I. 482.
Andraos [an -drowce], (Abba Salama), bishop
of Abyssinia, I. 48, 2 b.
AXDEASSY, Gyula (Julius), count [on -dra-she],
statesman, I. 482.
AXDEE, Johann Anton [a ng -dra], composer, I.
482,
AXDEE, John, British officer, I. 482 ; 759, 2 c.
Court for trial of, X. 97, 1 a ; 229, 2 b.
AXDREA, Girolamo d [dan-drii -a], cardinal, I.
483.
AXDEEA PISAXO [an-dra -a pe-za -no], sculptor
and architect, I. 483.
AXDEEA DEL SARTO : see SAETO.
Andrea di Ancona (Lilio), I. 469, 2 a.
AXDEE JE, Jakob [an -drii-aj, theologian, I. 483.
Johann Valentin, author, 2 c.
AXDEE.E, Laurentius, or Lars Andersson, Swe
dish scholar, I. 484. His version of the New
Testament, 1 b.
AXDEE AXI, Andrea [an-dra-a -rie], (II Man-
tuano), painter and engraver, I. 484.
AXDREAXOV ISLAXDS [an-dra-a-nov ; ] : see ALEU
T-LAX ISLAXDS.
Andreasberg [an -dra-ass-bairg], city and mines
of, VIII. 493, 2 a.
AXDEEE, Karl Theodor [an -draj, geographer,
I. 484. (Died 1875.)
AXDEEIXI. Francesco [an-dra-e -ne], comedian,
I. 484. Isabella, 2 a. Giovanni Battista, ib.
Andren idce, bees, II. 451, 1 a.
Andreoli, Giorgio [an-dra-o -le] : see POTTERY
AXD POECELAIX, XIII. 781, 2 b.
AXDBEOSSI, Antoine Francois, count d [da ng -
dra-us-se], I. 484.
AXDEES, Juan [an-drace / ], Spanish scholar, I.
484.
Andre 1 Hum, Roman castle of, IV. 692, 1 b.
AXDREW, county, I. 484.
ANDREW
ANGLE
33
ANDREW, name of three Hungarian kings, 1. 485.
ANDREW, Saint, I. 485. St. Andrew s cross,
1 c. Order of St. Andrew : see THISTLE,
Order of the.
ANDREW, James Osgood, D. D., Methodist
bishop, I. 485.
ANDREW, John Albion, governor of Massachu
setts, I. 485.
ANDREWS, James Pettit, historian, I. 486.
ANDREWS, Lancelot, scholar and prelate, I. 480.
Andrews^ lock, X. 503, 2 b (ills.).
ANDRIA [an -dre-a], town, I. 480.
ANDRIEUX, Francois Guillaume Jean Stanislas
[a ng -dre-yiih], French author, I. 480.
ANDRIS CUS, or Pseudo Philip, I. 480.
AN DROCLUS, Roman slave, I. 480. Spared by
a lion whose foot he had relieved of a thorn,
ib. (Aulus Gellius, Noct. Att., V. xiv.)
AXDROI DES : see AUTOMATON, and JUGGLER,
IX. 708, 1 a.
ANDROMACHE [an-drom -a-ke], wife of Hector,
1. 487.
Andromachus, physician and first archiater, I.
050, 1 b. See MEDICINE, XL 347, 2 a.
ANDROM EDA, mythical princess, I. 487.
Andromeda arborea (botany), XV. 855, 1 be.
ANDRONI CUS, name of four emperors of Con
stantinople, I. 487.
ANDRONICUS, Livius, poet, I. 487. Andronicus
of Rhodes, philosopher, 2 c.
Andropo gon (botany), X. 337, 1 be. A. schrc-
nanthus, be and c; XVI. 330, 2 c. A.
muricatus, ib. A. calanms-aromaticus, X.
337, 2 a.
AN DROS, island of Greece, I. 488.
ANDROS, island of the Bahamas, I. 488.
ANDROS, Sir Edmund, English colonial gover
nor, I. 488.
ANDROSCOG GIN, county, T. 488.
ANDROSCOGGIN, or Ameriscoggin, river, I. 488. |
ANDRYANA, Alexandra [a^-dre-yS-na], revolu
tionist, I. 488.
ANDUJAR, or Auduxar [an-doo - k har], Spanish
town, I. 488.
Anduxar : see ANDUJAR.
ANEGADA [an-e-ga -da], island, I. 489.
Aneiza : see ONEIZA.
ANEL, Dominique [ti-nel], surgeon, T. 489.
ANEMOM ETER, for measuring the force of the
wind, I. 489 (ill., 490, 1 a); XII. 688, 2 c;
XVI. 057, 1 c.
ANEMONE [a-nem -o-ne], genus of plants, I.
490. A. hortensis, 2 b (ill.).
Anemone, sea, I. 74, 2 a (ACTINIA).
ANEM OSCOPE, for showing the wind s direc
tion, I. 491.
Anenceph alous foetus, XL 705, 1 ab.
Anen! tera: see ANIMALCULES, I. 515, 1 b.
ANERIO, Felice [a-na -re-o], musician, I. 491.
Giovanni Francesco, 1 b.
AN EROIU : see BAROMETER, II. 329, 2 a. Beck
er s improvement, 330, 1 ab.
Ane tltum grave olens (botany), VI. 110, 1 a
(ill.).
AN EURIN, Welsh bard, I. 491.
AN EURISM, I. 491. See MOTT, Valentine, XII.
5, 2 b. Miliary aneurism, III. 199, 2 ab.
Aneuris mal tumor, I. 491, 2 a; III. 197, 1 b.
Fatal result of mistaken diagnosis, I. 491, 2 c.
ANFOS SI, Pasquale, composer, I. 492.
ANGARA [an-ga -ra], river of Siberia, I. 492.
ANGEL [ain -jel], in Jewish and Christian litera
ture, I. 492.
ANGEL, a coin, I. 492 (ill.).
ANGEL FISH, I. 493 (ill.).
ANGELI, Filippo [an -ja-le], painter, I. 493.
Angel ica tree, VIII. 080, 1 be.
Angelic Doctor : see AQUINAS, Thomas.
ANGEI/ICO, Fra, painter, I. 493.
ANGELINA, county, I. 493.
ANGELL, Joseph K., writer on law, I. 493.
ANGELN [an -gheln], or Anglen, Schleswig, I.
494. The name Angles preserved in no
other part of the continent, ib.
ANGELO, Michel [me -kel an -ja-lo]: see BUO
NARROTI.
Angela Maria: see QUERINI, Girolamo.
An gelus, Isaac, emperor, III. 516, 2 c. Re
ferred to, I. 292, 2 b.
Angelus bell: see ANGELUS DOMINI.
ANGELUS DOMINI, form of prayer, I. 494.
ANGELUS SILESIUS, philosophical poet, I. 494.
ANGERMAN (Swed. Angerman, ong -er-man),
Angerman-aa, or Angerman-elf, river, I.
494.
ANGERMUNDE [ang -er-mun-deh], town, I. 494.
ANGERS [a ng -zha], city, I. 494.
ANGIIIERA, Pietro Martire d [dan-ghe-a -ra],
historian, I. 494.
ANGILBERT, Saint [a ng -zhil-bair], statesman and
poet, I. 494.
ANGI NA PEC TORIS, disease, I. 495. Sedative
for, 447, 2 c.
ANGLE (geometry), I. 496. Plane angles, 1 ab
(ill.). Spherical angles, 1 c (ill.). Dihedral
angles, ib. (ill.). Polyhedral angles, 2 ab
(ills.). Angle of total reflection, 2 be (ill.,
497, 1 a) ; XI. 029, 1 ab. Angles of inci-
ANGLER
AOTMAL
dence and reflection, X. 438, 2 a ; XII. 654, !
2 a. Angle of aperture in lenses, XI. 513,
2 be. Right angle as a natural measure,
XVI. 537, 2 b.
ANGLER FISH : see GOOSE FISH.
ANGLES [ang -g lz], or Angli, I. 497.
ANGLESEA, or Anglesey [ang -g l-se], island, I.
497.
Anglesey : see ANGLESEA.
ANGLESEY, Earl of : see ANNESLEY.
ANGLESEY, Henry William Paget, earl of, I. 497.
Angles-ite [ang -gle-site], sulphate of lead, X.
250, 1 a.
Angli : see ANGLES.
Anglia (England), I. 499, 1 c.
ANGLING, I. 498.
Anglo- Catholic movement, in the Anglican
church, XIV. 96, 1 c.
Anglo-Saxon, modern (English), VII. 741, 1 a.
ANGLO-SAXONS, I. 498. Anglo-Saxon Church,
500, 1 b. Anglo-Saxon Jurisprudence, 2 a.
ANGLO-SAXONS, Language and Literature of
the, I. 501. Literature, 504, 1 a.
Ango, Jean : see ANGOT.
ANGO LA, South African colony, I. 506.
ANGO RA, Turkish city, I. 506. Angora goat,
2 c (ill., 507, 1 a).
Angora cat, IV. 92, 2 a.
ANGOE NO, African town, I. 507.
ANGOSTURA [an-go-stoo -ra], or Ciudad Boli
var, city, I. 507.
ANGOSTURA BARK, I. 507. See XII. 54fi, 2 b.
ANGOT, or Ango, Jean [a ng -go], merchant, I.
507. His blockade of Lisbon, 2 a.
ANGOULEME [a ng -goo-laim], town, I. 507.
ANGOULEME, Charles de Valois, duke of, I.
507, 2 c. Louis Antoine de Bourbon, duke
of, 508, 1 a. Marie Therese Charlotte, duch
ess of, 1 b.
ANGOUMOIS [a ng -goo-mwa], province, I. 508.
Angoumois grain moth, XVI. 589, 1 c, 2 b.
AN GRA, seaport town, I. 508.
Anguilla (ichthyology), VI. 446, 1 be. A.
vulgaris, 1 c (ill.). Other species, ib.
Anguil lula aceti (entozoa), XVI. 338, 2 be.
A. glutinis, ib.
ANGUISCIOLA, Angussola, or Agnosciola, Sofo-
irisba [an-gwe-sho -la, an-goos-so -la, a-nyo-
sho -la], female painter, I. 508.
Anguis fragilis : see BLTNDWORM.
Angular advance (of the eccentric), XV. 347,
2 a (STEAM ENGINE).
Angus, county : see FORFARSHIRE.
ANGUS, Earls of : see DOUGLAS.
Angussola: see ANGUISCIOLA.
ANIIALT [an -halt], duchy, I. 508.
ANHYDRIDES [an-lri -dridz], I. 508. Anhydride
distinguished from anhydrous, 509. 1 a.
AnJiy drite, mineral, VIII. 359, 1 c ; XIV. 573,
1 b; XV. 453, 2 c.
Anhydrous acetic acid, I. 61, 2 c.
Anhydrous alkalies, I. 322, 1 b.
Anhydrous fluohydric acid, VII. 291 ; 2 ;ib.
Anhydrus, mountain: see HYMETTUS.
ANI, or Anni [a -ne], ruined city. I. 509.
ANICET-BOURGEOIS [a-ne-sa-boor-zhwd], dram
atist, I. 509.
ANICE TUS, freedman of Nero, I. 509.
ANIELLO, Toinmaso : see MASANIELLO.
ANIL IC ACID, I. 509.
ANILINE [an -e-lin], I. 509. An artificial alka
loid, 322, 2 b. Its use in calico printing,
III. 597, 2 be ; in dyeing silk, VI. 343, 1 a.
ANIMAL, I. 509. Comparison between animals
and plants, 2 be. Subdivisions of zoology,
510, 2 c. Classification of animals, ib. ; chem
ical composition of, 511, 1 be; fecundity
of, 2 b ; correspondence between structure,
habits, and functions, 2 c ; food, 512, 1 a ;
strength and endurance, 2 a ; fleetness, 2 be ;
intelligence, 513, 1 ab ; habits, 2 a.
Animal anatomy, I. 460, 1 b.
Animal Hack (animal charcoal), obtained in
ammonia works, I. 427, 2 c. Its use in re
fining sugar, XV. 447, 1 c; as a manure, III.
63, 1 b.
Animalcule cage, in microscopy, XL 520, 2 c.
ANIMAI/CULES, I. 513. Infusoria, 514, 1 a;
structure of, 1 b; obstacles to systematic
classification of, 1 c. Polygastric infusoria,
515, 1 a. Rotifera or wheel animalcules,
517, 1 b. Ciliatcs, XV. 284, 2 c.
ANIMAL ELECTRICITY, I. 518. Production of
dynamic electricity, 1 b ; discoveries of Gal-
vani and Volta, ib. ; production of galvanic
currents established, 519, 1 a; diminution
and reproduction of the muscular current
after death, 2 a; antagonism of the longitu
dinal and transverse sections of a muscle, 2
c; inducing and induced muscular contrac
tion, 520, 1 b ; influence of voluntary move
ment on the galvanic current, 2 c ; galvanic
currents in nerves, 521, 1 a; electro-motive
power of nerves and muscles, 1 b. Produc
tion of static electricity in animals, 2 c.
Animal flowers, so called, IX. 602, 1 b.
ANIMAL HEAT, I. 522.
ANIMAL MAGNETISM, or Mesmerism, I. 524.
ANIMAL
ANODYNE
35
Animal matter, constituents of, I. 193, 2 a.
Animal phosphorescence, VIII. 40, 2 be; XIII.
402, 1 a.
Animals (brute), age of, I. 182, 2 a, ff.
Animals, theories of their origin : see ARCIIE-
LAUS, I. 047, 1 ab; DAE WIN, Charles Robert;
EVOLUTION ; HAECKEL, Ernst Hcinrich ; PRO
TOPLASM ; WALLACE, Alfred Russel.
ANJME [an -e-ma], a resin, I. 527.
Animism, theory of, XIII. 484, 1 c.
An ions (chemistry), VII. 84, 1 c ; 597, 2 ab.
An is: see ARCHITECTURE, I. 056, 1 b.
ANISE SEED [an -is], I. 527 (ill.)- Anise-seed
cordial, 2 be.
Anisop terix (zoology) : see CANKER WORM.
ANJOU [a" g -zhoo], province, I. 527.
ANJOU, Margaret of : see MARGARET.
Ankarstrom : see ANCKARSTROEM.
ANKLAM [an -klam], town, I. 528.
Ankudinoff, pretender to the Russian crown,
I. 293, 2 c.
ANKWITZ, Mikolaj, count [ank -vitz], Polish
politician, I. 528.
Anlaf: see AULAF.
Anldndung [an -len-doong] : see ALLUVIUM, I.
339, 1 a.
Anna and Dido, names under which Astarte
was worshipped at Carthage, XII. 118, 1 b.
ANXABERG [an -na-bairg], town of Saxony, I.
528.
ANNA CARLOVNA, grand duchess of Russia, I.
528. See MUNNICII, Burkhard Christoph.
ANNA COMNENA, daughter of the emperor
Alexis Comnenus, I. 528.
ANNA IVANOVNA, empress of Russia, I. 528 ;
XIV. 055, 1 b.
Annales [an-na -lecz], (fasti), VII. 93, 2 c.
ANNALS, chronological record of events, I. 529.
Annals of Boyle (Irish annals), III. 173, 1 b.
Annum : see ANAM.
Annandale, lords of, III. 351, 2 ab, c.
ANNAP OLIS, city of Maryland, I. 529. U. S.
naval academy, 2 c (ill.).
ANNAPOLIS, county of Nova Scotia, I. 530.
Town, 2 b.
ANN AR BOR, city of Michigan, I. 530.
Annates : see ANNATS.
AN NATS, or Annates, in ecclesiastical law, I.
531. Made perpetual, III. GO, 2 be.
ANNATTO: see ANNOTTO.
ANNE, queen of Great Britain and Ireland, I.
531.
ANNEALING, I. 531. See GLASS, VIII. 15, 2 a,
and STEEL, XV. 304, 2 be.
ANNE ARUN DEL, county, I. 532.
ANNE OF AUSTRIA, queen of France, I. 532 ;
X. 173, 1 c.
AXNE BOLEYN, Bullcn, or Bouleyne, queen
[aim boor-en J, I. 532; V11I. 050, 2 ab.
Anne Bouleyne : see ANNE BOLEYN.
ANNE OF BRIT TANY, queen of France, I. 533.
Anne Bullen: see ANNE BOLEYN.
ANNE OF CLEVES, fourth wife of Henry VIII.,
I. 533 ; VIII. 053, 1 a. Her birthplace, IV.
077, 2 be. Brief description of her, V. 509,
2 c.
ANNECY [an-se or an-nuh-se], town, I. 533.
ANNEL IDA, red-blooded worms, I. 533.
An nelids, eyes of, VII. 48, 2 a.
Anne de Pisselcu, duchess d fitampes: see
TAMPES, and CIIATEAUBRIANT, IV. 334, 1 c.
Anne of Savoy, empress mother, III. 724,
1 ab.
ANNESLEY, Arthur [anz -lc], earl of Anglesey,
I. 533. James, Lord Altham, 534, 1 a.
Anni: see ANI.
Annibal: see HANNIBAL.
ANNIUS OF VITERBO, Italian Dominican, I. 534.
ANNO, or Ilanno, Saint, archbishop of Cologne,
I. 534. Hymn of St. Anno, 1 b.
Anno Domini, introduction of it as an era in
chronology, IV. 558, 1 c.
Annona ria commo da, stipends of the archiatri,
I. 050, 1 c.
ANNONAY, town, I. 534.
ANNOT TO, Annatto, or Arnatto, coloring mat
ter, I. 534; XIII. 339, 1 b.
ANNU ITY, I. 534. Present value, 2 be; rever
sionary value, 535, 1 a ; mathematical solu
tion, 1 ab ; medical solution, 1 c.
Annular furnace, for baking bricks, III. 207,
2 a (ill.).
Annulet, in heraldry, VIII. 073, 2 be. See
plate (after p. 670), on the left.
Annulus, seal, XIV. 735, 1 a.
Annulus pastora lis, bishop s finger ring, II.
003, 2 c.
Annulus jtronu bus, betrothment ring, II. 597,
2b.
ANNUNCIA TION, to the Virgin Mary, I. 535.
Feast of, 2 ab.
Ano lnum, insect: see DEATH WATCH. A.
bibliothecarium, V. 540, 1 c.
An ode, in galvanism, VII. 84, 1 c; 597, 2 ab.
Anodon, mussel, XII. 104, 1 ab. A. anatinus
(ill.), V. 199, 1 b.
AN ODYNE, I. 535.
Anodyne necklace, I. 445, 2 a.
36
ANOINTING
ANTIIESTERIA
AXOIXT IXG, token of honor, and of consecra
tion to an office or a sacred use, I. 535.
AXO KA, county, I. 536.
AXO LIS, reptile, I. 536. Species of, 2 a (ill.).
Anoliu* (zoology), I. 536, 1 ah.
Anomia, mollusk, XII. 773, 1 c.
Anomw an doctrines, I. 155, 1 a.
Anonmam, sect, I. 700, 2 a. See EUXOMIUS.
Ano na (botany), V. 592, 2 a. A. reticulata,
ib. (ill.). A. cherimolia, 2 c. A. muricata, ib.
A. squaraosa, ib. A. palustris, ib., and XVI.
704, 1 c.
A non causa, pro causa, in logic, X. 580, 1 a.
Anonymous club, XV. 377, 2 c.
Anoplotlie rium, fossil animal, footprints of,
VII. 341, 1 c.
Anorex ia, XII. 569, 2 ah (OBSTETKICS).
Ano soff, General, on the manufacture of steel :
see DAMASCUS BLADES.
Anou ra, an order of amphibia, I. 435, 2 c.
Ano ils stol idus (ornithology), XII. 472, 2 b
(ill.).
"An over," in the game of cricket, V. 482, 2 b.
AXQTJETIL, Louis Pierre [a ng k-teel], historian, I.
536.
AXQUETIL-DUPERROX, Abraham Ilyaeinthe
[-du-pair-ro ng ], orientalist, I. 536.
AXSALO XI, Giordano, Dominican missionary.
I. 537.
Ansa rians : see AXSAEIES.
AX SARIES, or Ansarians, Arab tribe or sect,
I. 537.
AXSCA RIUS, or Ansgar (Fr. Anschaire), Saint,
" apostle of the north, 1 I. 537.
AXS DELL, Eichard, painter, I. 537.
AX SELM, Saint, a doctor of the Latin church,
I. 538 ; XIII. 432, 1 c, 439, 2 b.
Anser (ornithology), species of, VIII. 105. A.
Gambelii (ill.), 2 c.
Ansera nas (ornithology), VIII. 104, 2 c.
Anserif era (zoology), II. 319, 2 a.
Ans gar : see AXSCARIUS.
Ax sox, county, I. 538.
Axsox, George, lord, admiral and navigator,
I. 538.
Axsox, George, general, I. 538.
AXSO XIA, village, I. 538.
AXSPACH [ans -pa k h], town of Bavaria, I. 538.
AXSPACH, Elizabeth, margravine of, I. 539.
Annpach-Baireuth [-bl -roit], principality of,
I. 539, 1 a. Last margrave of, ib. Its ces
sion to Prussia, ib., and VIII. 452, 1 c.
AX STED, David Thomas, physicist, I. 539.
AN STER, John, poet, I. 539.
AXSTEY, Christopher [an -ste], poet, I. 539.
AXSTEY, Thomas Chisholm, author, I. 539.
AXT, I. 540 (ill.). Three classes in communi
ties, 1 ab. Mining ants, 541, 1 al>. Masons,
1 b. Carpentering ants, ib. Food of ants,
1 c. Agricultural ant, 2 a. Fire ants, 2 b.
Slaveholding ants, -ib. Migrations, 2 he.
Muscular activity, IX. 313, 2 a. Driver ants,
X. 398, 1 ab. Foraging ants, XII. 423, 2 c.
Ant, white, XII. 258, 2 b. See TERMITES.
AXTACIBS (chemistry), I, 542.
AN TJE, ancient people, I, 542.
AntoB, or pilasters, in the Doric order of archi
tecture, I. 657, 1 b.
AXT/E US, mythical, I. 542.
Antakieh [an-ta-ke -eh], city, I. 567, 2 a.
ANTAL CIDAS, a Spartan, I. 542. Peace of, 1 c ;
VIII. 196, 1 c; XV. 232, 2 b.
Antananarivo : see TAXAXAEIVO,
AN TAE, or An tarah, Arabian prince and poet,
I. 542,
Antar adus : see AEADUS.
An tarah : see AXTAE.
Antarctic current (ocean), II. 73, 1 b.
AXTAECTIC DISCOVEBY, I. 542. Map of, 543.
AXTAECTIO OCEAX, and Antarctic Circle : see
POLAE SEAS, and POLAR CIRCLES.
Ant bear : see AXT-EATEE.
AXT-EATEE, I. 543 (ill.). r lVo-toed ant-eater,
544, 2 a. Scaly : see PAXGOLIX.
Antefixcc, in the Doric order of architecture,
I. 657, 1 b.
AX TELOPE, I. 544. Structure of, 2 b. Vari
eties of (ills.), 545- 1 6. Alpine or mountain
antelope, IV. 244, 1 c (ill.).
AXTEX N.E (of insects and Crustacea), I. 546.
Antennal language (of insects), I. 546, 2 c.
AXTE NOE, Trojan prince, I. 546.
AXTEQUERA [an-tS-ka -ra], Spanish city, I. 547.
Antero-posterior fissure (of the liver), X. 536,
2c.
Anthe a cc reus (zoology), I. 75, 2 ab.
Anthe lia, VIII. 405, 2 c (HALO).
AXTHELMIX TICS : see EXTOZOA, VI. 670, 2 b.
An themis nob His (botany), IV. 245, 1 a. A.
cotula, 1 b, and XI. 305, 1 c.
AXTHE MIUS, emperor, I. 547. Architect, 1 b.
AN THER (of flowers), I. 547. See PL AXT, XIII.
585, 1 c, and 586, 2 c.
Antherid ium (botany), I. 300, 1 ab; VII. 151,
1 ab; X. 542, 1 be; XI. 864, 1 c (ill.).
An therozoids (botany), I. 300, 1 b; VII. 151,
1 ab ; X. 542, 1 c; XL 864, 2 a (ML).
Anthestc ria, festival, II. 192, 2 a.
ANTHIAS
ANTINOMIANS
37
An thias (ichthyology), XIII. 284, 1 ab.
Ant hill, I. 541, 1 b (ill., 540).
Anthodes [an-tho -deez], fossil fish, VII. 015,
1 c.
Anthology club, alluded to, III. 389, 2 c,
Anthomy ia (entomology), VI. 130, 1 be. A.
ceparum, VII. 295, 2 c (ill.); XII. 631, 1 e.
A. brassicao, VII. 295, 2 e. A. lactucarum,
il>. A. scalaris, 296, 1 a; VI. 697, 2 a. A.
canicularis, VII. 296, 1 a. A. rapliani, il. ;
XIV. 165, 1 b.
AX TIIOX, Charles, LL. D., elassical scholar, I.
547. His testimony respecting the " Book
of Mormon," XI. 833, 2 c.
AX THONY, Henry B., journalist and senator,
I. 548.
ANTHONY, Saint, ascetic, 1. 548. Catacombs of,
IX. 830, 1 b. St. Anthony s fire, I. 548, 1 b :
see ERYSIPELAS. Anthony of Padua, 1 b.
ANTHONY, Susan Brownell, reformer, I. 548.
Anthony s Nose, on the Hudson river, IX. 30,
1 a.
Anthoph ila, bees, II. 451, 1 a.
Anthophyl lite, mineral, I. 803, 1 b.
Anthoxan thum odora tum (botany), VIII. 167,
2 a (ills., 166, 2 b, 167, 1 a).
Anthozo a : see ZOOPHYTES.
AX TIIEACEXE (chemistry), I. 548.
AX THRACITE, I. 548. (Map of the anthracite
region of Pennsylvania, and its connections
with the principal markets.) Analyses of
anthracite (table), 549. Anthracite coal
measures (ill.), 550, 1. Group of Pennsyl
vania anthracite basins (ill.), 551, 1. Penn
sylvania anthracite fields (table), 2 c. Dis
covery and development of, 2 c, ff. Table
of production, 554. Virginia anthracite
field, 555, 2 c. Anthracite fields of France,
556, 2 b. Origin of anthracite coal, 557,
1 a; of faults and irregularities, 2 a. Use
of it as fuel, 558, 1 a. See COAL.
Anthrax, malignant, cattle pest, XII. 57, 1
be; 60, 1 be.
Anthre nm (entomology), II. 476, 2 c ; VI. 32,
1 c (ills.) and 2 a (A. miisceorum).
An thropoid apes, I. 168, 1 c.
AXTHEOPOL OGY : see ANATOMY, ARCHAEOLOGY,
COMPARATIVE AXATOMY, ETIIXOLOGY, MORAL
PHILOSOPHY, PHILOSOPHY, and PHYSIOLOGY.
Anthropomorphism, one tendency of inona-
chism, XL 729, 1 c.
AXTHROPOMORPHITES, sect, I. 559.
Anthus (ornithology), XV. 773, 2 c. A. Ludo-
vicianus, 774, 1 ab (ill.).
An tiar: see UPAS TREE.
Antia ris toxica ria (botany), XVI. 216, 2 c
(ill., 217). A. saccidora, 217, 2 a.
AXTIBES [a n? -teeb], seaport town, I. 559.
Antica ria: see ANTEQUERA.
Antichitd di Ercolano [an-te-ke-ta/ de air-ko-
la -noj, I. 50, 2 b.
AN TICHLOR (chemistry), I. 559; IX. 137, 2 b;
XIII. 46, 2 c; XV. 152, 1 ab, and 455, 2 b.
AXTICIIRIST, I. 559. In the Bible, 1 c ; in the
ology. 2 a; in rabbinical writings and Mo
hammedan traditions, 2 c.
Anticli nal axis, XII. 9, 2 a (MOUNTAIN).
Anticonstitu tionalists, IX. 528, 1 b(JAxsExius).
ANTICOS TI, island, I. 559.
Anticrepus cular curve, XVI. 86, 2 c (TWILIGHT).
AXTIOYRA [an-tis -e-ra], city of Thessaly, I. 560.
City of Phocis, 1 a.
Antidor cas eucho re (zoology), XV. 288, 1 ab
(ill.).
AX TIDOTES, I. 560. See Poisox, XIII. 640, 1 a.
AXTIETAM, Battle of [an-te -tam], I. 560. Issue
of the president s proclamation conditionally
abolishing slavery, 562, 2 a.
AXTIGONE [an-tig -o-ne], in Greek legend, I.
562. See (Empus.
Antigone a, a name of Mantinea, XI. 128, 2 a.
AXTIG ONUS, Macedonian general, and king of
Asia, I. 562. Antigonus Gonatas, king of
Macedonia, 563, 1 b. Antigonus Doson,
king of Macedonia, 1 c.
ANTIGUA [an-te -gwa], island, I. 563.
Anti-Lebanon : see AxTi-LiBAxus.
Antilcgom ena, in the Roman Catholic canon of
the Old Testament, I. 585, 2 a.
ANTI-LIB ANUS, or Anti-Lebanon, mountain
ridge, I. 563.
ANTIL LES [Fr. a nB -tcoy ], islands, I. 564.
Antilope [an-til -o-pe], (zoology) : see ANTE
LOPE. A. rupicapra, IV. 244, 1 c (ill.).
AXTI-MA SONRY, a political movement, I. 564.
Antimission Baptists, II. 293, 2 a.
Antimonial powder (pulvis antimonialis), L
565, 1 a; IX. 520, 2 a.
Antimo nium femini num, an old name of bis
muth, II. 666, 2 c.
AN TIMOXY, a metal, I. 564. Crude, 565, 1 be.
Alloys of, 2 a. Tartar emetic, 2 b ; as a
medicine, 2 c.
Anti-Niccne council, I. 700, 1 b (ARIAXISM).
Antinoe [an-tin -o-e], ancient city, I. 566, 2 b.
Antinomianisin : see ANTINOMIANS.
ANTINO MIANS, I. 566. In the apostolic church,
1 a. In the reformed churches, 1 b. In Eng-
38
ANTINOMISTIC
ANTOMMARCHI
land, 1 c. In America, 2 a. See IIuTcnix-
sox, Anne.
Antinomistic controversy, X. 733, 1 b.
Antinoopolia [an-tin-o-op -o-lis], ancient city,
I. 566, 2 b.
AxTixors [an-tin -o-us], favorite of the emperor
Hadrian, I. 560. Temple of, XIII. 798, 2 be.
AxTiotu [an -te-ok], city of Syria, I. 566 (ill.).
Antioch, aqueduct of, I. 612, 2 c; ruins of,
613, 1 a (ill.).
AXTIOCH COLLEGE, I. 567.
Antiochi a,\o. Syria: see ANTIOCII. In Meso
potamia: see EDESSA.
ANTIOCIIUS [an-ti -o-kus], name of Syrian kings.
Antiochus I., Soter, I. 568. Antiochus III.,
the Great, 1 c. Antiochus IV., Epiphanes,
569, 1 a: see HEBREWS, VIII. 591, 2 c. An-
tioclms V., V. 791, 2 a.
AXTIOQUIA [an-te-o-ke -a], state, I. 569.
ANTIP AEOS, island, I. 569. Grotto of, 1 a.
AX TIPAS, Herod : see HEROD.
AXTIP ATER, general, I. 569.
Antiperiod ics (medicine), VII. 165, 1 b.
AX TIPHOX, Greek orator, I. 570.
Antipk onal singing, I. 570, 1 b.
Antiphonary, in the church service, XI. 635, 2 c.
AXTIPHOXY, in chanting, I. 570. See CHANT,
IV. 265, 1 a.
Antip olis: see AXTIBES.
Antipyret ics (medicine), VII. 164, 1 b.
Antiqua ria : see AXTEQUERA.
Antiquities, American : see AMERICAN ANTI
QUITIES (Index).
Antiquities of the old world. See AGRIGEX-
TUM ; ALHAMBRA ; AMPHITHEATRE ; APPIAN
WAT ; AQUEDUCT ; ARCHITECTURE, I. 654, 1
a, and 660, 2 c ; ARUXDEL ; ASSYRIA, II. 36,
1 c; ATHENS, II. 59-64; AVEBTTRY ; AXTJM;
BAALBEK ; BABYLON ; BALE ; BALAKLAVA,
II. 231, 2 c; BAMIAN; BARROW (mound);
BASHAN ; BATH, II. 382, 1 c, ff. ; BATH, Eng
land ; BEHISTUN ; BEJAPOOR ; BENEVEXTO ;
BETHEL, Palestine ; BETHLEHEM, Palestine ;
BOLSEXA; BRAMBAXAX; BUBASTIS; BURIAL;
BOZRAH; CAERLEOX; CAHORS ; CAIRO; CA
PUA ; CARXAC ; CARTHAGE, IV. 37, 2 a (aque
duct of, I. 611, 2 b); CASHEL; CATACOMBS;
CESAR/EA ; CESXOLA ; CHESTER, England ;
CIIIXA (wall of), IV. 457, 2 b (ill., 458) ; CLO
ACAE ; COLOSSEUM ; CROMLECH ; CUXEIFORM
INSCRIPTIOXS ; CYRENE ; DENDERAII ; EDES
SA ; EDFOO ; ELEPHANTA ; ELEPHANTINE;
ELLORA ; EPHESUS ; ESNE ; ETHIOPIA, VI.
750, 2 a ; ETRURIA ; FREJUS ; GERASA ; GLASS,
VIII. 7, 8; HALICARXASSUS ; HAMAH; HE-
LIOPOLIS ; HERCULANEUM (see POMPEII) ; HIM-
YARITES, VIII. 735, 2 a ; INKERMAN ; IOXA ;
IRELAND, IX. 355, 1 a ; JAVA, IX. 576, 1 a ;
JERUSALEM ; KARNAK (see THEBES) ; KASH-
GAR : LAMBESSA ; LILLEBOXNE ; LUXOR (see
THEBES) ; LYCIA, X. 742, 2 a ; MEMPHIS, XI.
381,1 c; MENTZ; MERIDA ; MERGE, XI. 411,
2 a; MOAB; MYCEX/E ; NIMES ; PANTHEON;
POLLANARRUA ; PALMYRA ; PERSEPOLIS ;
PHILADELPHIA, Lydia and Palestine; POM
PEII; PYRAMID; ROME, XIV. 412, 413; Ro-
SETTA STONE (Index); SAGUNTUM ; SALONI-
CA ; SELINUS ; SERAPIS ; SIDON (see SAIDA) ;
STOXEHEXGE ; SYRACUSE, XV. 541, 2 c;
THEBES; TREVES ; TRIPOLI, XVI. 872, 1 c,
and 873, 2 be ; TROY, XVI. 10, 2 be ; TYRE;
VERONA, XVI. 323, 1 ab ; VIEXXE (France) ;
WROXETER.
Anti-Remonstrants, Calvinist party in the
church of Holland : see NETHERLANDS, XII.
248, 1 b.
AXTI-RENT ISM, resistance to the collection of
manorial rents, I. 570.
ANTISANA [an-te-sa -na], volcanic mountain, I.
571.
ANTI-SCORBU TICS : see SCURVY.
ANTISEP TICS, for preventing or correcting pu
trefaction, I. 571.
ANTI-SLAVERY : see SLAVERY. Anti-slavery
society, New England, the first in America,
VII. 629, 2 b. American anti-slavery so
ciety (Philadelphia) organized, 2 c ; agita
tion intensified, ib.
ANTISPASMOD ICS (medicine), I. 571.
ANTISTHENES [an-tis -the-neez], philosopher, I.
572.
Antistrophe [an-tis -tro-fe], part of the Greek
chorus, IV. 518, 1 c.
ANTITAU RUS : see TAURUS.
Anti-trades: see WIND, XVI. 658, 1 c.
Antitransrtortation league, II. 134, 1 b (AUS
TRALIA).
AXTITRINITA RIANS : see UNITARIANISM.
ANTIUM [an -she-um], ancient city, I. 572.
Antlers of the deer, I. 183, 1 c; V. 756, 2 b.
Of the stag, I. 183, 2 a; XV. 301, 2 c.
ANT LION, or Lion Ant, I. 573 (ill.). Muscular
activity of, IX. 313, 2 a.
ANTOINE DE BOURBON [a ng -twandiihboor-bo ng ],
duke of Vendome and king of Navarre, I.
573.
ANTOMMARCHI, Carlo Francesco fan-tom-mar -
ke], physician to Napoleon, I. 573.
ANTONELLI
APHRODITE
39
AXTONEL LI, Giacomo, cardinal and statesman,
1. 574. (Died 1876.)
ANTONELLO DA MESSINA, painter, I. 574.
Antoninia na, an ancient name of Beyrout, II.
002, 2 c.
AXTOXI NUS, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor,
I. 574. Name assumed by Elagabalus, VI.
485, 1 a,
Antoninus, itinerary of, referred to, VI. 209,
2 a.
ANTONINUS Pius, Titus Aurelius Fulvius, Ro
man emperor, I. 575.
AXTO XIO, Nicolas, Spanish bibliographer, I.
575.
Antonio de Siha, pscudonyme of Geronirno
Bermudez, II. 509, 1 c.
Antonius, C., consul with Cicero, IV. 120, 2 b;
121, 1 b.
AXTOXIUS, Marcus, Roman orator, I. 575.
AA TONY, Mark, Roman triumvir, I. 570. His
relations with Cleopatra, IV. 608, 1 c ; with
the triumvirate, X. 300, 2 c.
Anto zone (chemistry), VII. 292, 1 c; XII.
777, 1 a.
Anto zonite, mineral, VII. 292, 1 c.
ANTRAIGUES, Emmanuel Louis Henri de Lau-
nay, count d [da ng -traig], French adventurer,
I. 576.
Antrain [a" ? -tra" g ], battle of, X. 175, 1 ab.
AN TRIM, county, Ireland, I. 577. Town, 1 b.
ANTRIM, county, Michigan, I. 577.
Antros tomus Carolinen sin (ornithology), VIII.
58, 1 c (ill.). A. vociferus, XVI. 596, 2 b.
A. Nuttalli, ib. (ill.).
Antrum Highmorianum (anatomy), VIII. 723,
1 ab.
Antuco [an-too -ko], volcano, I. 479, 1 b.
AN TWEEP, province, I. 577. Capital city, 2 a.
Cathedral, 2 c (ill., 578). History, 578, 1 c.
Bombardment of, II. 491, 2 b ; siege of, 492,
1 c.
Antwerp polyglot, XIII. 087, 2 b (POLYGLOT) ;
II. 611, 1 a (BIBLE).
Ann [a-noo J, Egyptian god, XII. 117, 1 c.
ANU BIS, Egyptian deity, I. 578 (ill.) ; V. 613, 1 a.
Anukramanls (Hindoo literature), IX. 223, 1 a.
Anvers [a llg -vair] : see ANTWERP.
AX VIL, smith s, I. 579.
ANVILLE, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d [da ng -
veel], geographer, I. 579.
Anx d, an ancient name of Gallipoli in Italy,
VII. 581, 1 b.
Anx ur, an ancient name of Terracina, XV.
600, 2 c.
Anzooan [an-zoo-an ] : see JOHANNA ISLAND.
A odon (zoology), XVI. 581, 2 c.
A onyx (zoology), XII. 736, 2 a. A. inunguis,
ib.
AOR TA, artery, I. 579 ; VIII. 557, 1 c.
Aortic i-alces, VIII. 558, 2 a. Aortic lesions,
504, 1 c.
AOSTA [ows -ta], town, I. 579.
Aoxta, diike of: see AMADEITS I. of Spain.
Aotes [a-o -teez], (zoology), XI. 751, 2 ab.
Aoudad [ow-dad J, (zoology), XIV. 837, 1 ab.
Ap, Welsh adjunct, meaning of, XII. 128, 1 a.
APACII ES, Indian tribes, I. 579; 709, 2 b;
710, 1 c. Apaches de Navajoa [da na-va-
k ho -a], XII. 178, 1 a (NAVAJOS).
Apat ela, moths, XL 809, 2 c.
Ap atite: see IKON ORES, IX. 400, 1 c. Crys
tallized apatite, X. 479, 1 a.
Apatu ra (entomology), III. 499, 2 c. A. iris,
500, 1 a.
APE, I. 580. Points of structural dissimilarity
from man, 2 b ; points of resemblance in
their habits, 581, 1 b.
APELDOORX [a -pel-doarn], town, I. 581.
APEL LES, painter, I. 581. Brilliant coloring
of, how obtained, XII. 795, 1 b.
APELT, Ernst Eriedrich [a -pelt], metaphysi
cian, I. 581.
APENNINES, I. 581. Ligurian, 2 c ; Tuscan,
582, 1 b ; Roman, or Central, 1 c ; Neapoli
tan, 2 a ; Calabrian, 2 ab. Sub-Apennines, 2
b ; Tuscan, 2 c ; Roman, ib. ; Neapolitan, ib.
APENRADE [a -pen-ra-deh], seaport town, I.
583.
! Apes hill : see GIBRALTAR, VII. 800, 2 c.
I A pe.v, Roman priest s hat, VII. 250, 1 b ;
VIII. 509, 2 be.
Aphanap teryx imperia lis (ornithology), XI.
292, 1 b.
Aplia sia, loss of speech, III. 203, 2 b ; am
nesic and ataxic, 2 c ; distinguished from
aphonia, 2 be, and XVI. 399, 1 a.
A pms (entomology), I. 583.
Apliobus, guardian of Demosthenes, II. 797,
2 a.
Aplio nia, loss of voice, XVI. 399, 1 a; III.
203, 2 c.
Aphri za virga ta (ornithology) : see SURF
BIRD.
Aplirodis ia, festivals, XVI. 303, 1 a.
Apltrodi ta (zoology), XII. 229, 2 c. A. acu-
leata, 2 c (ill.).
APHRODI TE : see VENUS, XVI. 302, 2 b. ."Wor
ship of, whence derived, XIII. 453, 1 c.
40
APHRODITE
APOTHECIA
Aphrodite, a throw of dice, VI. 86, 2 b.
Aph tha, on the mucous membrane, VI. 688, 1 b.
Aplithalose : see POTASSIUM, XIII. 761, 1 c.
Aphthous fecer, XII. 57, 1 be; 58, 1 c.
Apia rice, bees, II. 451, 1 a.
Apician and anti-Apician, factions in cook
ery, I. 584, 1 b.
APICIUS [a-pish -us], name of three noted Ro
man epicures, I. 58-4.
A PIS, bull worshipped by the Egyptians, I.
584. See XII. 116, 2 c; 720, 1 a.
Apis (entomology) : see BEE.
A pium grave olens (botany), IV. 169, 2 c (ill.,
170).
APLANAT IC LENS, I. 584.
Aplo ccrus monta nus (zoology), VIII. 57, 2 b
(ill.).
Aplodon tia lepori na (zoology), XIV. 794, 2
b (ill.).
Aplys itt, mollusk, XI. 723, 1 a. Nervous sys
tem of, XII. 234, 1 be:
Apneus ta : see MOLLUSCA, XI. 722, 2 c.
Apncc a: see SPINAL DISEASES, XV. 269, 1 b.
APOC ALYPSE, or Revelation of St. John, I. 584.
Apoerisia rius : see VIGILIUS.
APOC EYPHA, I. 585. Controversy respecting
the circulation of it by the Bible societies,
II. 617, 2 a.
Ap oda, an order of amphibia, I. 436, 1 a.
Apodyte rium, in ancient baths, II. 382, 2 b ;
383, 1 a (ill.).
APOLDA [a-pole -da], town, I. 586.
APOLLINA RIANS, sect, I. 586.
Apollina ris, bishop of Laodicea: see APOLLI-
NARIANS. His father s versification of the
Pentateuch and of the history of Israel, and
his own paraphrase of the Gospels in the
manner of Plato s dialogues, XL 626, 1 b.
Apollinop olis Magna : see EDFOO.
APOL LO, Grecian god, I. 586. Sacred fish,
favorite of Apollo: see DOLPHIN, VI. 191,
2 c, and DELPHI, V. 784, 1 c.
APOLLO BELVEDERE [bel-va-da -ra], statue, I.
586. Discovery of, 573, 1 b.
Apollo club, London, IX. 682, 1 ab.
Apollo Delphinius, V. 784, 2 a.
APOLLODO RUS OF CHARYS TUS, comic poet, I.
586.
APOLLO XIA, ancient city, I. 586.
Apollon icon: see ORGAN, XII. 691, 1 b.
Apollonius, general of Antiochus Epiphanes,
VIII. 592, 1 a.
APOLLO NIUS PERG^E US, ancient geometer, I.
587.
APOLLONIUS RHODIUS, poet, author of the Ar-
gonautics, I. 587.
APOLLONIUS TYAN^E US, philosopher, I. 587.
Apollo Patro us, temple of (site), II. 59, 2 c.
APOL LOS, converted Jew, I. 587.
APOLL YON, I. 587. In the Apocalypse, 2 c.
In Bunyan s " Pilgrim s Progress, 11 588, 1 a.
Apologia Confessionis (Melanchthon s), II. 108,
1 c, 2 c.
Apologists, early writers in defence of Chris
tianity against its pagan adversaries: see
CHRISTIANITY, IV. 537, 1 be ; ATHENAGORAS,
II. 54, 1 be; AUGUSTINE, II. 113, 1 ab; JUS
TIN MARTYR, IX. 728, 2 ab, ff. ; ORIGEN, XII.
692, 2 a, 693, 1 a; TATIAN, XV. 583, 1 a;
TERTULLIAN, XV. 663, 2 a. See also WAT
SON, Richard, XVI. 513, 1 a.
ApomorpMa: see EMETICS.
Aponeuro scs : see MUSCLE, XII. 67, 1 b.
Ap ophis (snake giant), in the Egyptian religion,
V. 794, 1 b.
Apopliyge [a-pof -e-je] : see ARCHITECTURE, I.
657, 1 c.
Apoph ylite : see LIME, X. 479, 2 a.
Apoph yses, in bone, III. 60, 1 c.
AP OPLEXY: see BRAIN, Diseases of the, III.
196, 2 c. Apoplexy from haemorrhage, 199,
1 be; treatment of, 2 b; fallacious premoni
tory symptoms of, 2 be. Heat apoplexy :
see SUNSTROKE. Splenic (of horse and ox),
XII. 60, 2 c.
Apo so (zoology), X. 641, 2 b (Lorn).
Apostle of the English, II. Ill, 2 b; of the
Frisians, XVI. 620, 1 b; of Germany, III.
66, 2 c ; of Greenland, VI. 449, 2 b ; of the
Indians, VI. 527, 2 b ; of the Indies, XVI.
754, 2 c ; of the north, I. 537, 2 b ; of Switz
erland, VII. 569, 2 c.
APOSTLES, of Jesus Christ, I. 588.
APOSTLES CREED, I. 588.
Apostles of the Slavs, V. 619, 2 c.
Apostol ical Canons, 111. 717, 2b; Constitu
tions, 2 c.
Apostolical junta: see SPAIN, XV. 214, 1 c.
Apostolical succession, in the church of Eng
land, VI. 628, 2 be ; in the Protestant Epis
copal church, 691, 2 b ; in the Lutheran
church, X. 734, 1 c.
Apostolicam, papal bull, referred to, IV. 663,
2b.
APOSTOL ICI, name of three sects, I. 588.
Apothecaries 1 weight, I. 589, 1 b ; XVI. 544, 2 c.
APOTII ECARY, I. 589.
Apothe cia (botany), X. 409, 1 b.
APOTIIEME
APTERYX
Ap othemc of aloes, I. 347, 1 a.
Apoxyom enos, ancient statue, X. 762, 2 b.
APPALACH EE BAY, I. 589.
APPALACHEES, Indian tribe, I. 589.
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, I. 589. Extent,
2 ab ; characteristic features, 2 b ; general
course, 590, 1 a ; law of inclination of slope,
1 c ; parallel ridges, 2 b ; peculiarities of
structure, 2 be ; origin of the strata, 591,
1 be ; " faults," 2 b ; thermal springs, 592,
1 a ; geological formations, ib. ; artesian wells
(salt water), 2 b ; vegetation, 2 c.
APPALACIIICO LA, river, I. 593. Town, 1 b.
APPANOOSE , county, I. 593.
APPAEAT US, in physiology, I. 593.
Apparent time, V. 722, 1 c.
APPAEITION, spectral illusion, I. 593.
APPEAL , in law, I. 594. Appellate court at
common law, 1 ab ; procedure in federal
courts, 1 b ; grounds for appeal, 1 c ; as re
garded in the appellate court, 2 ab ; statutes
respecting, 2 c ; in criminal cases, 595, 1 a.
Appellate jurisdiction of the United States
supreme court, 1 b ; of the circuit courts,
ib. ; court of appeals of New York, 1 c.
Appellate jurisdiction in England, 2 b ; court
for crown cases reserved, 2 c. French sys
tem, 596, 1 b; German, 2 a. Ancient Eng
lish practice in case of felony, 2 b ; wager
of battle, ib.
Appeals, triers of: see METHODISM, XI. 456,
1 b.
" Appeal to the God of battle*," origin of the
expression, IV. 248, 2 c.
Appellants : see JANSENICS, IX. 528, 1 b.
Appendices epiplo icce, V. 90, 2 c (COLON).
APPENZELL [ap -pen-tsel], canton, I. 597.
AP PEELEY, Charles James, sporting writer, I.
597.
APPERT, Benjamin Nicolas Marie [ap-pair],
philanthropist, I. 597.
Apperfs process for preserving alimentary sub
stances, I. 222, 1 b.
Ap petency, new organs produced by, X. 118,
1 c.
AP PETITE, in physiology, I. 597.
AP PIAN, historian, I. 598.
APPIANI, Andrea [ap-pya -ne], painter, I. 598.
APPIANO, name of an Italian family, I. 598.
Jacopo I., 1 c. Gherardo, ib. Jacopo III.,
2 a. Jacopo IV., ib.
APPIAN WAY, I. 598. Reopening of the, 2 b ;
ill., 599.
AP PIUS CLAU DIUS : sec CLAUDIUS.
APPLE, I. 598. History of, 599, 1 b ; general
description of , 1 c ; cultivation of, 2 c; for
ornament, GOO, 1 b ; as food, 1 c ; use of the
wood, ib. ; in commerce, 2 a ; insects that
infest it, 2 c; varieties of apple, 601, 1 ab ;
for exportation, 1 be. Black scars, how
produced, VII. 533, 1 a.
Apple essence, flavoring liquid, XVI. 246, 2 c.
APPLES OF SODOM, I. 601 ; XV. 155, 1 a.
APPLETON, city, I. 601.
APPLETON, Daniel, publisher, I. 601.
APPLETON, Jesse, D. D., president of Bowdoiu
college, I. 601.
APPLETON, Nathan, merchant and political
economist, I. 601.
APPLETON, Samuel, merchant and philanthro
pist, I. 602.
APPLING, county, I. 602.
APPOLD, J. George, inventor, I. 602.
APPOMAT TOX, county, I. 602.
APPOMATTOX COUET HOUSE, village, I. 602.
Lee s surrender of the northern army of
Virginia, 2 b.
APPOMATTOX RIVEE, I. 602.
APPONYI [op -pon-ye], Hungarian family, I.
602. Gyorgy Antal, count, 2 c. Antal, ib.
Rudolf, ib. Gyorgy, ib.
APPRAISE MENT, I. 603. In American law, 1 b.
APPEEN TICE, I. 603. Origin of apprenticeship,
1 be. Apprenticeship in France, 1 c ; in
Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and Ireland,
2 a-c. Institution of guilds in England, 2 b ;
restrictive laws, 2 be. Contract of appren
ticeship, 2 c ; at common law, 604, 1 a ; stat
ute law, 1 ab. Assignment of indenture, 605,
1 ab; obligations of masters, 1 b; dissolu
tion of contract, 2 a.
Approach, military: see SIEGE, XV. 29, 1 be.
Appuleius : see APULEIUS.
APEAX IN, Fedor, Russian grand admiral, I.
605. Stefan Fedorovitch, 2 b.
AP EICOT, I. 605 ; ill., 600. Best varieties, 1 c.
APEIES [a -pre-eez], a king of Egypt, tho
Hophra of the Bible, I. 606.
APEIL, month, I. 606. All Fool s Day, 2 b.
A priori conceptions, in Leibnitz s philosophy,
X. 324, 2 b.
Apsheron, peninsula of : see BAKU, II. 230, 1 c, ff.
Apsis of ancient churches, IV. 566, 2 b.
Apsley, Baron, II. 390, 2 b.
Aptenodytes [ap-ten-o-di -teez], (ornithology),
XIII. 248, 2 a. A. Pennantii, 2 c (ill.).
AP TEEAL, in architecture, I. 606.
AP TERYX (ornithology), I. 606. A. australia
APTORNIS
ARABIC
(ill.), C07, 1 ab. A. Mantelli, 1 b. A.
O \veni, ib.
Aptornis (ornithology), VI. 116, 2 a.
APULEITTS, or Appuleius [ap-pu-le -yus], Roman
satirist, I. GOT.
APU LIA, a division of ancient Italy, I. GOT.
Apulia Pcucotia (Terra di Bari), II. 311, 2 a.
Apulians, an Italic race, IX. 439, 1 c.
APUEE [a-poo -ra], river, I. 608.
APURIMAC [a-poo-re-mak J, river, I. 60S.
AQUA [a -kwaj, alchemic prefix, I. G08.
Aqua calcis : see LIME, X. 4T8, 1 a.
Aqua campho rce: see AQUA.
Aqua cinnamo mi: see AQUA.
Aqua Claudia, ruins of, I. 612, 1 c (ill.).
Aquce Allob rogum, I. 224, 2 a (AIX-LES-
BAINS).
Aqua Borw nis, III. 15T, 2 b (BOURBONNE-
LES-BAINS).
Aquce Calen tes, IV. 342, 2 c (CnAUDES-AiGUEs).
Aquce Domitiancp, I. 224, 2 a (AIX-LES-BAINS).
Aquce Flames, IV. 347, 2 a (CHAVES).
Aqua Gratiance, I. 224, 2 a (AIX-LES-BAINS).
Aquce Nisineii [ni-se-ne -yi], III. 157, 2 a (BouR-
BON-LAXCY).
Aquce Panno nicc, II. 210, 2 c (BADEN).
Aquce Scxtice, I. 223, 2 ab (Aix). Battle of,
384, 2 b ; IV. 583, 1 a.
Aquce So lis, II. 388, 1 a (BAxn).
Aquce Statiel lcr, I. 72, 2 b (AcQui).
Aquafortis (chemistry), XII. 464, 2 be.
Aquamarine [ak-wa-ma-reen j, I. 608, 2 a; II.
588, 1 b (?>/*).
Aqua regia (chemistry), VIII. 72, 1 ab; IX.
109, 2 b. Origin of the name (alchemic),
XII. 468, 1 b.
AQUA EIANS, or Hydroparastat, sect of ascet
ics, I. 609.
AQUARIUM, or Aqnavivarium, I. 609. Scientific
u<e of, 1 a ; office of plants and animals in it,
1 b. Fresh-water aquarium, 1 c (ill.). Ma
rine tank, 610, 1 a (ills.). Office of marine
plants, 1 c; of animalcules, 2 a. Treatment
of the animals, 2 a. Aquarium in Regent s
park, 2 c.
Aquarius, constellation : see GANYMEDE.
Aquatint engraving, VI. 653, 1 be.
AQUA TOFANA [a -kwn to-fu -na], poison, I. 608.
Alluded to, III. 290, 2 a.
Aqua vitcc : see AQUA.
Aquavirarium : see AQUARIUM.
AQUEDUCT [ak -we-dukt], I. 611. Aqueduct
of Carthage, 2 b ; ruins of (ill.), ib. Aqua
Claudia, 612, 1 c; ruins of (ill.), ib. Aque
duct of Antioch, 2 c; ruins of (ill.), 613.
Aqueduct of Nimes, 1 b (ill.). Croton aque
duct, 613, 2 be (ills.). Cochituate aqueduct,
615, 1 b (ill.). Trajan s, XIV. 753, 1 c.
A queous liumor : see EYE, VII. 46, 1 c.
Aqueous vapor, the : see METEOROLOGY, XL
440, 2 b; ill., 441.
Aquid necTc, island, XIV. 291, 2 a ; IV. 796, 2 b, c.
AQUILA [a -kwe-la], fortified city, I. 616.
AQUILA, Kaspar, reformer, I. GIG.
Aquila (ornithology), VI. 347, 1 c. A. chrysa-
etos, ib. (ill.). A. Canadensis, 2 c. A. na3-
via, 348, 1 c.
Aquila ria (botany), species of, VI. 351, 1 ab.
A. agallochum, ib., and I. 347, 1 be.
AQUILEIA [a-kwe-la -ya], village of the Austrian
Coastland, I. 616. Patriarchate of, 1 c.
AQTTI NAS, Thomas, I. 616; XIII. 440, 1 b; XL
811, 1 a. On the eucharist, X. 640, 1 ab.
On miracles, XL 625, 1 b. Alleged agree
ment with modern evolutionists, VII. 10, 1 c.
Aquiricum, supposed site of. III. 392, 1 c.
Aquisgra num, I. 224, 1 b (AIX-LA-CHAPELLE).
Aquitaine [a-ke-tain] : see AQUITANIA.
AQUITA NIA, a division of ancient Gaul, I. 616.
Aquitania Tertia : see GASCONY.
AB., abbreviation, XII. 535, 2 b.
A ra (ornithology), species of, X. 770, 2 c. A.
ararauna, 771, 2 a (ill.).
ARABELLA STUART (the lady Arabella) : see
STUART, Arabella.
ARABESQUE [ar -a-besk], I. 617 (ills.) ; 061, 2 c.
ArdbgJieer : see ARABGIR.
ARABGIR fa-rab-gheer ], Arabgheer, or Arab-
kir, town of Asia Minor, I. 617.
ARA BIA, I. 617. Boundaries, 2 a. Ancient
divisions, 2 b ; modern do., ib. Sinaitic pen
insula, il. ; Hedjaz, ib.\ Yemen, 2 c; Ila-
dramaut, 618, 1 ab ; Oman, 1 b; El-IIasa or
Ahsa, 1 c; hot springs, ib.; Xedjed, 2 a;
Shomer, 2 b; Esh-Shehr or Mahra. 2 c; El-
Yamamah, ib. Diseases, 619, 1 ab. Phys
ical features, 1 b ; geological formation, 2 b ;
flora, ib. ; agriculture, 2 be ; fauna, 2 c. Com
merce, 620, 1 b. Population, 1 be ; religion,
2 b. Early history, 2 b; Nabathasan Arabs
or Ishmaelites, 621, 2 a; since the introduc
tion of Mohammedanism, 2 c. See ASIA,
and AFRICA, map of, I. 164- 5.
Arabian Nights, tales, I. 624, 1 a.
Arabia Philadelphensis, XIII. 389, 1 a.
Ar abic acid (vegetable), VIII. 320, 1 b.
Arabic article, definite, I. 227, 2 ab.
Arabic numerals, I. 622, 1 a ; 625, 1 c.
ARABIC
ARBITER
ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, I. 622.
Extent of Arabic literature, 623, 1 c (also
626, 1 b). Poetry, 2 b ; prose, 2 c ; theology
and law, 624, 1 b ; Mohammedan sects, 1 be ;
history, 2 b ; biography, 625, 1 b ; philos
ophy, ib. ; mathematics, 1 c (see ALGEBRA,
and MATHEMATICS, XI. 277, 1 c) ; medicine,
2 ab; chemistry, 2 b; botany, ib. ; geogra
phy, 2 be ; lost works, 1 c. First patronized
by the caliphs, I. 343, 1 a.
ARAB ICI, or Arabians, Christian sect, I. 626.
Ardbine [ar -a-bin] : see GUM, VIII. 321, 1 c.
Arabkir [a-rab-keer j : see ARABGIR.
Arabs, their chemical knowledge : see CHEM
ISTRY, IV. 357, 2 b. Their knowledge of
mathematics : see ALGEBRA, and MATHEMAT
ICS, XL 277, 1 c. Third siege of Constanti
nople by them, X. 350, 2 ab. Their mental
characteristics, XIV. 761, 1 b. Arabs of
Tunis, characteristics of, XVI. 31, 1 ab.
ARACAX . or Arracan, province, I. 626. Town,
2b.
Aracaris (ornithology), XV. 820, 1 c.
ARACATI [a-ra-ka -te], port of Brazil, I. 626.
River, 2 be.
Arachis hypogcea [ar -a-kis hi-po-je -a], (bot
any), XIII. 210, 1 b (ill.).
ARACIINE [a-rak -ne], mythical, I. 626.
ARACII NIDA (zoology), I. 626. Pulmonaria,
627, 1 b. Trachearia, 1 b and c, 2 a. See
SPIDER.
Arachnides [a-rak -ne-deez], (botany), I. 218,
2b.
Arachnid*: see ARACHXIDA.
Arachnoid (of the brain), III. 188, 1 c ; I. 462,
1 c.
ARAD [or -od], town of Hungary, I. 627.
A rad (botany), X. 266, 2 c.
AR ADUS, islet, I. 627.
ARAFAT , or Orphat, Arabia, I. 627. Moham
medan ceremonies connected with it, 2 c.
Arafura sea [a-ra-foo -ra], II. 129, 1 a.
ARAGO, Dominique Francois [a-ra-go], physi
cist and statesman, I. 628 ; on polarized light,
X. 448, 2 be; V. 96, 2 b. Jean, I. 628, 2 b.
Jacques fitienne Victor, 2 c. Etienne, ib.
Emmanuel, 629, 1 b ; III. 53, 1 b.
AR AGOX [Sp. a-ra-goan ], kingdom arid cap
taincy general, I. 629. Independent juris
diction of, extinguished : see PEREZ, XIII.
287, 2 c.
ARAGOXA [a-ra-go -na], town of Sicily, I. 630.
Arag onite: see CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, V. 540, 2 a.
Araguato [a-ra-gwu -to], (zoology), XL 750, 2 c.
ARAGUAY, or Araguaya [a-ra-gwl , -gwl -ya],
river, I. 630.
Araguaya : see ARAGUAY.
Arainw [a-ra-I -ne], (ornithology), X. 770, 2 b.
Ara Jo vis : see ARANJUEZ.
ARAKTCIIEYEFF, Alexei, count [a-rak-cha -yef],
I. 630. Allusion to, 283, 1 c, 2 a.
A RAL, Sea of, I. 631.
Ara lia (botany), VII. 816, 1 a. A. quinque-
folia (ill.), ib. A. nudicaulis, XIV. 635, 2 c.
A. papyrifera, XIV. 311, 1 ab. A. racemosa,
XV. 267, 2 b.
A RAM, a region of Asia, I. 631. See MESOPO
TAMIA, and SYRIA, XV. 546, 1 c.
ARAM, Eugene, I. 631. Hood s ballad, "The
Dream of Eugene Aram," and Bulwer s ro
mance, " Eugene Aram," 632, 1 b.
Arama ic language, I. 631, 2 a.
Ara mm (ornithology), V. 427, 2 c. A. gigan-
teus, ib. A. scolopaceus, 428, 1 b (ill.).
ARAN DA, Pedro Pablo Abarca y Bolea, count
of, Spanish statesman, I. 632.
ARAXJUEZ [a-ran- k hwaith ], town of Spain, I.
632.
ARAXY, Janos [or -ony j, Hungarian poet, I.
A 682
Aranyalca, Hindoo religious work, IX. 222,
2 b ; 227, 1 c.
ARAP AIIOE, county, I. 632.
ARAPAIIOES, Indian tribe, I. 632.
Arapiles [a-ra-pG -lace], hero of the, IV. 647,
1 a.
Arapon ga, bird, XVI. 109, 2 c.
A rar : see STAOXE.
AR ARAT, mountain of Asia, I. 633 (ill.).
ARARAT, or Pilot Mountain, I . 633.
ARAS [a-ras ] : see A RAXES.
Arateia [ar-a-te -ya], festival games, I. 634,
1 ab.
ARA TUS, Greek poet, I. 633. Greek general
and statesman, 1 c. See ACIL/EAX LEAGUE,
62, 2 b.
Araucana, La [la a-row-ka -nn], Spanish epic,
VI. 705, 1 c.
ARAUCA XIAXS, Indian nation, I. 634.
ARAUCO [a-row -ko], province, I. 635.
Arau sio : see ORAXGE, XII. 666, 1 c.
ARAX ES, river, I. 635.
ARBA CES, founder of the Median empire, I. 635.
AR BALAST, or Crossbow : see ARCHERY, I. 649,
1 b (ill.).
ARBE LA, village, I. 635. Battle of, 2 a : 276,
2 be ; IV. 142, 1 a.
ARBITER [ar -be-ter], Roman umpire, I. 635.
44
ARBITRATION
ARCHER
ARBITRATION, I. 635. How different from a
reference, 2 b. General rule in respect to
the former, 2 c. Who are competent to be
parties to it, 636, 1 b. State statutes re
specting it, 2 ab. Effect of a submission to
arbitration, and of its award, 637, 1 ab.
Power of arbitrators, ib. Statute of Penn
sylvania, 1 c. In England, councils of con
ciliation and arbitration, 2 a. In France,
courts of prudhommes, ib. Arbitration for
settling international disputes, X. 229, 1 b.
In the case of the Alabama claims, ib., and
VIII. 160, 1 c ; in that and other cases un
der the treaty of Washington, XVI. 187,
2 b, ff.
Arbitration clause, in articles of association,
I. 635, 2 c.
AEBLAY, Madame d [dar -bla], (Frances Bur-
ney), English novelist, I. 637.
AR BOGAST (Arbogas tes), I. 638. See AM
BROSE, I. 385, 1 c.
ARBOIS [ar-bwa], town, I. 638.
Arbor, of wheel, XVI. 591, 1 b. In the ma
chinery of a clock or watch, IV. 699, 2 c.
AR BOR VI T.E, tree, I. 638 (ill.).
Arbor vita?, of the cerebellum, III. 190, 1 a.
ARBRISSEL, Robert of, founder of the order of
Fontevrault, I. 638.
AR BROATH, Aberbrothwick [ab-er-broth -ik],
or Aberbroth ock, municipal burgh, I. 638.
AR BUTHNOT, John, physician and writer, T.
638.
Arbuthnot, British subject, tried and executed
by order of Andrew Jackson, IX. 491, 1 c.
ARBU TUS (botany), I. 639. A. unedo, straw
berry tree, 2 a (ill.). Trailing arbutus, 2 c
(ill., 640).
ARC, portion of a curved line, I. 640.
Arc on the earth s surface, measurement of :
see EARTH, VI. 355, 1 ab ; DEGREE, V. 764,
2 c. Used by Eratosthenes to ascertain the
size of the earth, V. 765, 1 a. Monument
marking the commencement of great Euro
pean arc, VIII. 427, 2 a.
ARC, Joan of : see JOAN OF ARC.
ARCACHON [ar-ka-sho ns ], village, I. 640.
ARCA DIA, in Greece, I. 640.
Arcadian stag, capture of the, VIII. 679, 1 c.
ARCADIUS, emperor, I. 641.
Ar canite: see POTASSIUM, XIII. 761, 1 c.
Arcanum, celebrated villa, I. 763, 1 c (Aupixo).
Arcanum tarta re : see POTASSIUM, XIII. 763,
2 a.
Arcella : see PROTOZOA, XIV. 36, 2 ab.
Arcelli na, animalcules, I. 515, 1 b.
ARCESILAUS [ar-ses-e-la -us], philosopher, 1. 641,
Arceutho bium (botany), XL 676, 1 c. A. oxy-
cedri, ib. A. campylopodium, 2 a.
ARCH, I. 641. Etruscan, 2 a; Roman, ib., and
658, 2 be ; triumphal, 642, 1 a ; pointed, 662,
| 1 b, 2 a; lancet, 663, 2 b; decorated Gothic
(ill.), 665. Arch of Trajan at Ancona, 469,
1 a (ill.). Arch of Titus at Rome, XIV.
412, 2 a (ill.). Arch of Constantine, 2 c
(ill.).
Archceanac tida, Cimmerian dynasty, III. 113,
1 c,
ARCHEOLOGY [ar-ke-ol -o-je], I. 642. Three
fold division of the primeval period of man,
1 c. Stone age, ib, ; cave period, 2 b ; hu
man skeletons, 643, 1 b. Polished-stone or
neolithic age, 1 be. Shell mounds in Den
mark, 1 c ; in the United States, 2 a. Lake
dwellings of Switzerland, 2 b ; burial mounds,
ib. ; domestic animals found in them, ib. ;
occupations of man, 2 be ; two human races,
-ib. Bronze age, 2 c, and 644, 2 b ; advance
in civilization, 1 a; transition period, 1 b;
iron age, ib., and 2 b ; historic age, ib. Lar-
tet s two prehistoric ages, 1 c. Synchronism
of different ages, 2 be.
ARCH.EOP TERYX (ornithology), I. 645 (ill.).
Tail in A. macrurus, 1 c.
Archo3 us, a spiritual essence, VIII. 624, 2 c ;
XIII. 484, 2 a.
ARCHANGEL [ark-ain -jel], a government of
Russia, I. 645. Capital, 2 b.
ARCHBISH OP, I. 646. First formal sanction of,
1 ab ; suffragans, 1 b.
Archconfraternity of the Immaculate Heart of
Mary, XL 218, 1 b.
ARCHDEA CON, ecclesiastical dignitary. I. 646.
Archdei s, in Persian demonology, V. 793, 2 be.
ARCHDUKE , German title, I. 646.
Archebi osis (beginnings of life) : see BASTIAN,
IT. C., II. 374, 2 c ; BACTERIUM, 208, 1 b.
Archego nia (botany), VII. 151, 1 ab; X. 542,
1 c ; XL 864, 2 b.
ARCHELAUS [ar-ke-la -us], philosopher, I. 647.
King of Macedon, 1 b. General, 1 c. Two
kings of Comana, 2 ab. King of Cappadocia,
2 be. Son of Herod the Great, king, 2 c.
Sculptor, 648, 1 a.
Archenceph ala: see PHILOSOPHICAL ANATOMY,
XIII. 429, 1 a.
ARCHENHOLZ, Johann Wilhelm, baron [ar - k hen-
holts], author, I. 648.
ARCH ER, county, I. 648.
ARCHER
ARCTIC
Archer, F. Scott, collodion process discovered
by, XIII. 470, 1 be ; V. 78, 1 c.
ARCHERY, I. 648. Different forms of weapons,
with illustrations. Longbow, 2 be (ill.) : see
744, 2 c. Crossbow, 649, 1 b (ill.) ; inferior
to the longbow, 744, 2 c.
ARCHES, Court of, ecclesiastical, I. 649. Dean
of the, 2 c.
Arches, triumphal, I. 642, 1 a-c. See ARCH
(Index).
ARCHIAS, Aulus Licinius [ar -ke-as], poet, I. 650.
ARCIIIATEU [ar-ke-a -ter], medical title, I. 650.
Salaried civil officer, required to attend the
poor gratuitously, 1 be ; XI. 348, 1 a.
AR CHIBALD, Adams G., statesman, I. 650.
Archibald Bell-the- Cat, VI.- 223, 2 be.
Archibuteo [ar-ke-bu -te-o], (ornithology), III.
506, 2 b. A. lagopus, ib. A. Sancti Johan-
nis, 507, 1 a (ill., 506, 2 c).
Archida mia : see AGIS, king of Sparta, I.
187, 2 c.
ARCHIDAMUS [ar-ke-da -mus], name of five
kings of Sparta, I. 650. Archidamus II.,
2 ab: see GREECE, VIII. 192, 1 b. Archi
damus III., 2 b; referred to, I. 186, 2 c.
ARCHIL [ar -kil], or Orchil, plant, I. 650. Dis
covery of, VI. 339, 1 b.
ARcniLOcnrs OF PA ROS [ar-kil -o-kus], poet, I.
651.
ARCHIMANDRITE [ar-ke-man -drite], in the Greek
church, I. 651. See EXARCH.
ABOHIME DEAN SCREW, I. 651 (ills.).
ARCHIMEDES [ar-ke-mG -deez], mathematician
and mechanician, I. 651. Possibility of his
alleged use of a burning glass proved, III.
471, 2 be. Principle of Archimedes, I. 652,
1 a; demonstration of it, IX. 119, 2 b (ills.).
His mechanical theories, XI. 316, 1 c and
2 c. Idea of exhaustion introduced by him
into geometry, VII. 701, 1 c.
ARCHIPELAGO [ar-ke-pel -a-go], Greek, I. 652.
Indian, 2 b. See MEDITERRANEAN SEA, and
INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.
ARCHITECTURE [ar -ke-tek-ture], I. 652. Pe-
lasgic, 653, 1 a. Babylonian, 1 be. Assyr
ian, Phoenician, Syrian, Hebrew, 1 c. Chi
nese and Hindoo, 2 ab. Egyptian, 2 b. Gre
cian, 654, 2 b. Grecian temple, 2 c ; chora-
gic monuments, 655, 1 c ; agoras, gymnasi
ums, baths, 2 a. Orders of, 2 b ; Doric, ib. ;
Ionic, 657, 1 be; Corinthian, 2 be. Etrus
can, 658, 1 c ; Tuscan order, 2 a. Roman,
ib. ; Roman Corinthian, 659, 1 b ; compo
site, 2 b; Roman Doric, 2 be ; Roman Ionic,
660, 1 b. Architecture of the middle ages,
661, 1 ab. Byzantine, introduction of, 2 a.
Saracenic and Moorish, 2 be. Old Gothic,
662, 2 a ; pointed style, 663, 2 b ; its primary
period, ib. ; its second, decorated or rayon-
nant, 664, 1 b; its third, perpendicular or
flamboyant, 1 c. The renaissance or revival,
2 ab. Modern architecture, 665, 1 c ; Greek
revival, 2 ab ; Gothic revival, ib., and 666,
1 be; neo-grecque or romantique, 1 ab ;
"Victorian Gothic," 1 c. (Ills.)
Architecture, schools of, VI. 431, 2 c.
Architecture of Lama ic temple*, X. 117, 2 a.
Architeu this mon acliux, mollusk, XV. 294, 2 c.
A. princeps, 295, 1 a.
Architrave : see ARCHITECTURE, I. 656, 2 b ;
Ionic, 657, 2 b ; Corinthian, 2 c.
ARCHON [ar -kon], of Athens, I. 666: see
GREECE, VIII. 188, 2 c. Decennial, I. 666,
2 b ; II. 54, 2 c.
Archonts, XL 359, 2 be (MEGASTIIENES).
ARCIIYTAS OF TAR ENTUM [ar-kl -tas], philoso
pher, I. 667.
ARCIS-SUR-AUBE [ar-se-siir-obe], town, I. 667.
Arco dellapace [pa -cha], XL 531, 2 c (MILAN).
ARCOLE [ar-ko -la], village, and battle of, I. 667.
ARCOS DE LA FRONTERA [ar -koce da la frone-
tfi -ra], town of Spain, I. 667.
ARCOT , district of the Carnatic, I. 667. Cap
ital town, 2 a. Capture of by the English,
IV. 693, 1 ab. Siege and assault by Chunda
Sahib, 1 be.
Arctia [ark -te-a], (entomology), species of, XL
868, 1 c. A. acraja, 2 a (ill.).
ARCTIC DISCOVERY, I. 667. Map, 668. At
tempts to reach the north pole and a north
west passage, 1 c. Hudson s voyages, 669,
1 b. Extreme variation of the magnetic
needle observed, 2 a. Open polar sea re
ported, 2 be. Expeditions in part for scien
tific objects, 2 c ; of Ross and Lieut. Parry,
of Buchan and Franklin, and of Lieuts. Par
ry and Liddon, 670, 1. Franklin s overland
expedition, 670, 2 b, and 671, 2 b. Position
of the true magnetic pole determined, 672,
1 c. Hudson Bay company s expeditions,
2 b, and 673, 1 b. Sir John Franklin s last
voyage, 673, 1 c. Expeditions sent to aid
him, 2 ab ; from the United States, 674, 2 b.
His first winter quarters found, 2 c. Discov
ery of his remains, and of a record of the
lost expedition, 678, 1 c. Dr. Kane s expedi
tion, 676, 2 ab ; scientific results of it, 677,
1 c. Hayes s expedition, 679, 1 b ; Capt.
ARCTIC
ARGENT
Hall s, 2 b, 680, 2 b. German expeditions,
680, 1 a; Austrian, 1 c.
Arctic expeditions: see ARCTIC DISCOVERY;
BARENTZ, Willem; BILLINGS, Joseph; Bu-
CUAN, David; HAYES, Isaac Israel; KOLDE-
WEY, Karl ; WRANGELL, Ferdinand.
Arctic ocean: see POLAR SEAS, XIII. 653, 1 c.
Arctoccpli alus FalHan dicus (zoology), XIV.
734, 2 b.
Arctom econ Calif or nicum (botany), XIII. 715,
2b.
Arc tomys (zoology), XL 182, 1 a. A. marmo-
ta, fl>. (ill.). A. monax, XVI. 706, 2 be (ill.).
Arctos, constellation, III. 621, 2 c.
ARCTU RUS, star, I. 680 ; III. 86, 1 ab (BOOTES).
ARCUEIL [ar-kuhy J, village, I. 681.
Ar cus sen His: see HEART, Diseases of the,
VIII. 565, 1 c.
ARCY, Grotto of, I. 681.
Arcyria, fungi, VII. 533, 2 a.
ARDABIL [ar-da-beeF], Ardebil, or Erdebil,
town, I. 681.
Ar dea (ornithology), II. 670, 1 b (BITTERN) ;
A. minor, 2 a ; A. (butorides) virescens, 2 ab
(ill.). VI. 453, 1 c (EGRET); A. (herodias)
egretta, il. (ill.); A. alba, 2 c (ill., 454); A.
garzetta, 454, 1 b (ill.); A. Coromanda, 1 c;
A. rufa, 2 a (ill.). VIII. 689, 2 a (HERON) ;
A. cinerea, 690, 1 a (ill., 689) ; A. purpurea,
1 be; A. Ludoviciana, 1 c (ill.); A. hero
dias, 2 c (ill.) ; A. occidentalis, 691, 2 a (ill.) ;
A. coerulea, 2 b.
Ardebil: see ARDABIL.
ARDECHE [ar-daish], department of France, I.
681.
Arde idcB (ornithology), II. 670, 1 b.
ARDENNES [ar-den], department of France, I.
681.
ARDESHIR [ar-deh-sheer j, Ardshir, or Artax-
erxes, Babegan, founder of the Sassanide
dynasty, I. 681 ; 773, 2 a,
Ardet ta exi lis (ornithology), II. 670, 1 ab
(ill, 671).
ARDITI, Luigi [ar-de -te], violinist and com
poser, I. 681.
Arelate [ar-e-la -te], ancient town, I. 718, 2 a
(ARLES) ; kingdom of, 2 b, and VII. 379, 2 c.
Ard-righ, title, III. 263, 2 c.
Ardshir: see ARDESIIIR.
ARE [are], French unit of surface, I. 682.
Areca [a-re -ka], (botany), XIII. 17, 1 c. A.
lutescens, 16, 2 b (ill., 17). A. catechu, 17,
2 a (ill.); II. 593, 1 b. A. oleracea, III. 524,
1 c (ill.) ; XIII. 17, 2 c (oreodoxa oleracea).
Areca island, XIII. 245, 1 c (PENANG).
Areca palm, XIII. 17, 2 a (ill.); II. 593, 1 b.
Aredn ece (botany), XIII. 17, 1 c.
Are na, of an amphitheatre, I. 439, 2 c,
Aren acum, I. 757, 1 c (ARNHEM).
ARENDAL [a -ren-dal], town of Norway, called
"Little Venice, 1 I. 682.
Arenic ola (entomology), X. 562, 1 c. A. pis-
catorum, 2 a; VI. 218, 1 c.
Are ola: see MAMMARY GLANDS, XI. 83, 1 c;
OBSTETRICS, XII. 569 t 1 a.
Areolce, of the lungs, X. 721, 1 a.
AREOLAR TISSUE : see CELLULAR TISSUE.
AREOMETER [a-re-om -e-ter] : see HYDROMETER.
Areopagites [a-re-op -a-jites] : see ILLUMINATI,
IX. 193, 1 c.
AEEOP AGUS, of Athens, I. 682 ; II. 59, 2 be.
Council or court of the Areopagus, I. 682,
1 b ; II. 55, 1 a and c.
AREQUIPA [a-ra-ke -pa], department of Peru, I.
682. Volcano of Misti or Arequipa, 2 a
(ill.). Capital town, 2 c.
ARES [a -reez] : see MARS.
ARET^US [ar-e-te -us], physician, 1. 683. His
theory of insanity, IX. 297, 1 be.
ARETIIUSA [ar-e-thu -za], fountain and nymph
(Nereid), I. 683, and 351, 1 c. One of the
Hesperides, 683, 1 a. Fountain repaired,
XV. 542, 1 be,
ARETINO, Guido, or Guido d Arezzo [a-ra-te -
no, gwe -do da-ret -so], Benedictine monk, I.
683. See BRUNI, Leonardo. Pietro, Italian
writer, 1 c.
Are tium, I. 683, 2 b (Aroszzo).
AREZZO [a-ret -so], province, I. 683. Capital
city, 2 b.
ARG.EUS, Mount [ar-je -us] : see ARJISTI.
ARGALI [ar-ga -le] : see SHEEP, XIV. 836, 2 c.
Asiatic, ib. (ill., 837). African, 837. 1 ab.
American, 1 c (ill.).
ARGALL, Samuel [ar -g l], adventurer, I. 683.
Argand burner, X. 129, 1 be.
ARGELANDER, Friedrich Wilhelm August [ar -
gheh-lan-der], astronomer, I. 684. (D. 1875.)
Aryemone Mexica na [ar-jem -o-nej, (botany),
XIII. 715, 1 c.
ARGENS, Jean Baptiste de Boyer, marquis d
[dar-zha ng ], writer, I. 684.
ARGENSON, Voyer d [vwa-ya dar-zha ng -so ng ],
French family, I. 684. Rene Louis, 2 b.
Marc Pierre, 2 c. Marc Antoine Rene de
Palmy, ib. Marc Ren6, 685, 1 a.
Ar gent [Fr. ar-zha ng ], in heraldry, VIII. 671,
2 a, b.
AKGENTAN
ARIOSTO
ARGENTAN [ar-zha ng -ta ng ], to\vn of France, I.
685.
Ar gentane, or argentan : see GERMAN SILVER,
arid XVI. 817, I be.
ABGEXTEUIL [ar-zha ng -tuhy ], town of France,
I. 685. Nunnery of, 1 c: see ABELARD, I.
18, 1 b.
ARGENTEUIL, county, I. 685.
ARGEN TEUS CO DEX, I. 685. See GOTHIC LAX-
GUAGE AND LITERATURE, VIII. 125, 1 C.
Argen tic oxide, XV. 48, 2 c (SILVER).
Argentine flowers of antimony, crystals, I. 565,
1 a.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC [ar -j en-teen], (La Ee-
piiblica Argentina, la rii-poo -ble-ka ar- k hen-
te -na), I. 685 (map). Provinces, area, and
population, 1 be. Physical features, 687, 2 a.
Rivers, 688, 1 b ; lakes, 2 b. Geology, 689,
1 a. Fossils, 1 b. Minerals, 1 c. Climate,
2 b. Soil, 690, 1 ab. Flora, 1 b. Fauna, ib.
Statistics of farming stock, ib. Manufac
tures, 691, 1 a. Commerce, 1 b. Intercommu
nication, 1 c. Telegraph, 2 ab. Banks, 2 b.
Post office department, ib. Constitution and
government, ib. Finances, 1 b. Education,
692, 2 a. Religion, 2 ab. History, 2 b.
Argentite, XV. 49, 2 be (SILVER).
Argentora tum, ancient city, XV. 410, 2 c.
Argen tum, origin of the name, XV. 47, 2 a.
Argentum vivum, XL 400, 1 c (MERCURY).
Argilla ceous (smell or taste), IV. 649, 1 a.
Arginu sce, naval battle of: see GREECE, VIII.
195, 1 a.
ARGIVES [ar -jives], Greek tribe, I. 696.
Argo, fabled ship, I. 696, 2 b (ARGONAUTS).
Ar gob, ancient city, II. 359, 2 b (BASIIAN).
ARGOL: see TARTAR, XV. 574, 2 b, and WINE,
XVI. 666, 2 be.
ARGOLIS : see ARGOS.
Argolis and Corinth, nomarchy, I. 697, 2 c.
ARGONAUT, mollusk : see NAUTILUS, XII. 175,
1 c, 177, 1 a (ill.), and CEPHALOPODA, IV.
207, 1 a and c. Argonaut without the shell
(ill.), IV. 207, 1 a ; with the shell (ill.), 1 c.
Power of changing its color, 243, 1 b
(CHAMELEON) ; XII. 177, 1 be (NAUTILUS).
Argonau ta (mollusca), XII. 177, 1 a. A. argo,
1 c (ill.).
ARGONAUTS, in Greek legend, I. 696.
ARGONNE [ar-gun], region in France, I. 697.
Argonne forest : see ARGONNE, I. 697, 1 b.
French Thermopylae, ib.
ARGOOX, or Argun [ar-goon ], river, I. 697.
AR GOS, or Argolis, ancient Greece, I. 697.
Kingdom and city of Argos, 2 b; modern
town, 2 c.
ARGOT [ar-go] : see SLANG.
ARGUELLES, Augustin [ar-gwa -lyace], states
man, I. 697.
Arguerite, XV. 49, 2 ab (SILVER).
Argun : see ARGOON.
ARGUS, mythical, I. 698. See lo.
Argus (ornithology), XIII. 384, 2 c. A. gigan-
teus, ib. (ill., 385).
Argyle: see ARGYLL.
ARGYLESIIIRE, or Argyllshire [ar-ghlle -sher],
county, I. 698.
ARGYLL, or Argyle [ar-glillc J, earls and dukes
of, I. 698.
Argyllshire : see ARGYLESHIRE.
Argyn nis (entomology), III. 498, 2 b. A.
Diana, ib.
Argyreio sm (ichthyology), VI. 219, 2 c.
Argyre m (ichthyology), V. 628, 1 c. A. atro-
nasus, 2 b (ill.). A. nasutus, 2 c.
Argyrip pa, ancient town, VII. 301, 1 a.
ARGYRO-KASTRO [ar -ghe-ro-kas -tro], Albanian
town, I. 699.
ARGYROPULOS, Johannes [ur-ghe-rop -oo-los],
scholar, I. 699.
A ria, XII. 93, 2 a (Music).
ARIAD NE, in Greek legend, I. 699.
ARIAL DUS, Christian martyr, I. 699.
A RIANISM, I. 700. See ARIUS. Conflict be
tween the Orthodox and Arians in the Ro
man empire, 1 b. Arianism in the Germanic
tribes, 701, 1 b. See CHRIST (Index).
ARIANO [a-re-a -no], town of Italy, I. 701.
Arians: see ARIANISM, and TRINITY. See
CHRIST (Index).
Aria Palus, lake, XIV. 755, 1 c.
A RIAS MONTA NUS, Benedictus, oriental scholar,
I. 701. See POLYGLOT, XIII. 687, 2 b.
ARICA [a-re -ka], town of Peru, I. 701. Earth
quake of 1868, and its disastrous effects, 2 b.
Aric aras : see RICKAREES.
ARIEGE [a-re-aizh], department of France, I.
702. River, 1 b.
A RIEL, Hebrew name, I. 702.
Ariel (ornithology), XV. 820, 1 ab.
Ariel, or cora, species of gazelle, VII. 655, 2 a.
Arimas pi, mythical, IX. 135, 1 a.
Arim inum : see RIMINI.
Arioch [Ji -re-ok], king of Ellasar, referred to,
IV. 230, 2 ab.
ARI ON, ancient musician and poet, I. 702.
ARIOSTO, Ludovico [a-re-os -to], poet, I. 702 ;
IX. 461, 1 c.
4:8
APJOVISTUS
ARMADILLO
AEIOVIS TUS, German chief, I. 703.
Arisa [a-rG -sa], tree, specific for stanching effu
sion of blood, V. 86, 2 ab.
Arisce ma (botany), XVI. 422, 1 b. A. tri-
phyllum, ib., and 1 c (ill.), and other species.
AEISTA, Mariano [a-reece -ta], general, I. 703.
AEIST.E US, mythical, I. 703.
AEISTARCHUS [ar-is-tar -kus], grammarian and
critic, I. 703. Astronomer, 2 b.
AEISTIDES [lir-is-tl -deez], Athenian statesman,
I. 703. aElius, rhetorician, 704, 1 a. Aris-
tides of Thebes, painter, 1 b.
^ Aristides, British: 1 1 see MAETELL, Andrew,
XI. 215, 2 a.
ARISTIP PUS, philosopher, I. 704.
ARISTOBU LUS, Jewish writer, I. 704. Usurp
ing king of Judea, 2 b ; VIII. 592, 2 c. Son
of Alexander Jannasus, I. 704, 2 c ; A T III.
502, 2 c; IX. 130, 1 a. Young high priest,
drowned by order of Herod, VIII. 593, 1 c.
AEISTOGITOX: see HAEMODIUS AND ARISTOGI-
TOX.
Aristolochia [a-ris-to-lo -ke-a], (botany), XV.
130, 2 a. A. serpentaria, ib. (ill.). A. gua-
co, VIII. 275, 1 b.
AEISTOMENES [ar-is-tom -e-neez], general and
statesman, I. 704.
ARISTOPII AXES, comic poet, I. 705. His imita
tion of the croaking of frogs, VII. 504, 1 b.
Aristote lianism, spurious (nominalism), I. 707,
1 c; Arabian form of, XIII. 439, 2 c.
ARISTOTLE [ar -is-tot l], ancient philosopher, I.
705. His Organon, X. 580, 1 b ; the father
of the science of logic, ib. ; his definition of
induction, 2 a ; Leibnitz s opinion of him,
322, 2 b. His ethics, XL 809, 1 c ; system
of philosophy, XIII. 438, 1 b ; of politi
cal economy, 6G5, 1 b. His knowledge of
natural history, IX. 150. 1 a ; of comparative
anatomy, V. 185, 1 b, I. 400, 1 c, and XL
340, 1 1). His description of the reptilian
orders, VIII. 002, 1 c; distinction of verte
brates and invertebrates, IX. 325, 1 be;
classification of mammals, XL 79, 2 b; of
birds, XIL 704, 2 a; of insects, VI. 658, 2 b.
His two books on plants, III. 131, 2 c. On
the origin of plants and animals, VII. 10, 1 b.
On the nature of substance, IV. 357, 1 b ; on
the fundamental properties of matter, il). ;
his influence on the science of chemistry, ib.
His views concerning heat, VIII. 567, 1 c ;
concerning motion, XL 310, 2 a; of the na
ture of money, 736, 1 a. Ascription to him
of spurious works, I. 706, 1 c. His school
of philosophy in the middle ages, 252, 2 c.
Narrow escape of his works from condemna
tion by the Parisian parliament, II. 578, 1 b.
ARISTOX EXUS, Greek writer, I. 707 .
ARITII/METIC, I. 707. Numerals, Hebrew, Greek,
Roman, Arabic, 2 b and c. Value of our
system of notation, 708, 1 be. Binary and
ternary systems, 1 c ; X. 323, 2 b, and 324.
1 a. Properties of numbers, 2 a. See
MATHEMATICS.
Arith momancy, VI. 153, 2 be (DIVINATION).
A RIUS [properly, a-ii -us], founder of Arian-
ism, I. 708. See ABIANISM, and references
under that title (Index).
ARIZO XA, territory, I. 709. Population, 2 a.
Topography, 2 b. Geology and minerals,
710, 1 a, Climate, 2 b. Flora,
Agri
culture, 711, 1 a. Intercommunication, 1 be.
Government, 1 c. Finances, 2 a. Statis
tics, census, education, newspapers, &c., 2 a.
History and antiquities, 2 b.
AEJISII, or Erjish Dagh, mountain, I. 711.
ARK, Noah s, I. 712. See SHIP, XIV. 855, 2 b.
Ark of the covenant, I. 712, 1 b.
ARKAX SAS, Indian tribe, I. 712.
ARKAXSAS, river, I. 712.
ARKAXSAS [formerly ar -kan-saw], state, I. 713.
State seal, 1 b. Population, 1 c. Topography,
2 b. Minerals, 714, 1 be. Climate, 1 c,
Diseases, 2 ab. Soil, 2 b, Agriculture, 2 c.
Manufactures, 715, 1 a. Fauna, ib. Com
merce, 1 ab. Natural curiosities, 1 b. State
improvements, 1 c. Banks, ib. Intercom
munication, 2 a. Government, 2 c. Fi
nances, 716, 2 be. Education, ib. State in
stitutions, 7lV, 1 ab. Periodicals, ib. His
tory, 1 b ; secession, 1 be ; new constitution
(1864), 2 ab.
ARKAXSAS, county, I. 717.
ARKWRIGIIT, Sir Richard, inventor, I. 717. His
invention of spinning by rollers, V. 411, 2 b.
ARLES [arl], town of France, I. 718.
Aries, council of, VI. 208, 1 b.
Aries, kingdom of, I. 718, 2 be; III. 451, 1 c;
VII. 379, 2 c.
ARLIXCOURT, Victor, viscount d [dar-la ng -koor],
poet and novelist, I. 718.
Arlington, earl of, II. 529 (BEXXET, Henry).
Arlington estate : see CUSTIS, V. 593, 1 c and
2 a.
ARLOX [ar-lo ng ], town of Belgium, I. 719.
ARMA DA [Sp. ar-ma -^a], Spanish naval arma
ment, I. 719; VI. 534, 1 a (ENGLAND).
AEMADIL LO,. animal, I. 720 (ill.).
ARMAGEDDON
ARMY
ARMAGEDDON [ar-ma-ghed -dun], a region of j
Palestine, I. 721. Use of the term in Rev. !
xvi. 14-10, 1 c.
ARMAGH [ar-ma j, county, I. 721. City, 2 a.
ARMAGNAC [ar-ma-nyak], territory of France,
I. 721. Bernard VII., count of, 2 c. Jean
V., 722, 1 a.
Armajnacs, political faction, IV. 2SG, 1 c ; XII.
61)8, 2 be.
Armament: see FORTIFICATION, VII. 334, 2 a.
Annan [ar-ma ng ], contractor for confederate
vessels, II. 583, 1 a.
ARM AND, Charles [ar-ma"*] : sec ROUARIE.
ARMANSPERG, Joseph Louis, count [ar -mans-
pairg], statesman, I. 722.
Ar ma spino sa (entomology), XIII. 709, 2 c.
Illustrations, ib., and 770, I a.
AR .MATOLES, Greek mountain chiefs, I. 722.
Armee tie Conde [ar-ma dull ko ng -da], so styled,
V. 215, 1 c.
ARMENGAUD, Jean Germain Desire [ar-ma, ne -
go], art historian, I. 722.
ARME NIA, I. 722. Divisions, 2 c. Climate, ib.
Physical features, 723, 1 a. Agricultural re
sources, 1 b. Traditions and history, 1 c.
Armenian nationality extinguished, 724, 2 a.
Armeni aca vulga ris (botany), I. 605, 2 c.
Armenian chronicle, I. 727, 2 a.
ARMENIAN CHURCH, I. 724. Introduction of
Christianity into Armenia, 2 b. Doctrines of
the Armenians, 725, 1 a. Orders of the cler
gy, 1 be. Church government, 1 c. United
Armenians, or Arrneno-Catholics, 2 c. Prot
estant Armenians, 726, 1 b. Debajy Oghlu,
1 he. Missions, 1 c.
ARMENIAN LANGUAGE AXD LITERATURE, I. 727.
Armenian translation of the Bible, 1 c ; its
influence on the language, 2 a. Books in
modern Armenian, 2 c.
Armenian Protestant*, I. 726, 1 b.
Armenians, the, IX. 347, 1 c.
Armenian stone, X. 161, 2 be (LAPIS LAZULI).
Armeno- Catholics, I. 725, 2 c.
ARMENTIERES [ar-ma n *-tyair], town of France,
I. 722.
Armes d outrance [arm za oo-tra" s ce], XV. 824,
1 c (TOURNAMENT).
Armil lcB : see ERATOSTHENES, VI. 704, 2 c.
Armillary sphere, VIII. 34, 1 c.
Armirius, Jewish Antichrist, L 559, 2 c.
ARMIN, Robert, player and author, associate of
Shakespeare, I. 728.
Arminen [ar-me -nen], German students po
litical association, III. 478, 1 b.
Arming of the Bounding lead, II. 71, 1 c.
Arminian controversy, XIV. 254, 2 c. See AR-
MINIUS, James, and ARMINIANS, and compare
BARNEVELDT and GROTIUS.
Arminianism in England, I. 729, 1 b.
ARMINIANS, I. 728. See Arminian controversy
(Index).
ARMINIUS (Hermann), liberator of Germany, I.
729. Statue of, II. 267, 2 c.
ARMINIUS, James, theologian, I. 730.
Armistice [ar -mis-tis], X. 228, 1 a.
AR MITAGE, Edward, painter, I. 731.
Armon ica: see HARMONICA.
ARMOR, I. 731. Greek, 1 be (ill.). Roman,
732, 1 ab (ill.). Medieval, 1 c. Norman
spearman (ill.), 2 a; full suit of chain mail
(ill.), 2 c; mail and plate armor (ill.), 733,
1 a; early plate armor (ill.), 1 c; fluted and
perfected plate armor (ill.), 2 a; armor of
man and horse (ill.), 2 c.
Armored ships: see IRON-CLAD SHIPS.
ARMOR ICA (Brittany), I. 734; III. 300, 1 c;
VIII. 182, 2 c.
ARMS, weapons of offence, I. 734.
Arms of an anchor, I. 464, 2 c.
ARMSTRONG, county, I. 735.
ARMSTRONG, John, American soldier, I. 735.
ARMSTRONG, John, physician, poet, and essay
ist, I. 736.
ARMSTRONG, John, physician and author, I. 736.
ARMSTRONG, Sir William George, engineer and
inventor, I. 736. His guns, 792, 1 c, ff. (ill.,
793); III. 712, 1 a (ills.); anticipated by
Treadwell, XV. 849, 2 be. Composition of
his percussion powder, VII. 38, 1 be.
ARMY, I. 736. Army of Egypt, 737, 1 a; As
syria, 1 c ; Babylon, 2 be ; Persia, ib. ; Greece,
738, 2 a. Changes in tactics after the Pelo-
ponnesian war, 740, 1 a; arms, 1 b; mer
cenary troops in Greece and abroad, 1 be;
introduction of warlike engines, 1 e. Army
of Philip of Macedon, 740, 2 b : of Carthage,
741, 2 b; of Rome, ib. Roman officers, 742,
1 be ; arms, ib. ; tactical disposition of troops,
2 c, 744, 1 ab ; phalanx and legion, 743, 1 a.
Changes introduced by Caesar, 1 c, and nn-
der the empire, 744, 1 b. Army in the mid
dle ages, 2 b; effect of the feudal system on
discipline, ib. ; infantry, 2 c ; cavalry, 745,
1 ab. Introduction of firearms, 2 a. Effect
of breaking up of the feudal system, 2 b ;
introduction of standing armies, 2 be. Char
acter of armies at the close of the middle
ages, 2 c. Beginning of progress in mod-
50
ARMY
ARQUEBUSE
ern times, 746, 1 b ; drill regulations, 2 b ;
infantry and cavalry, 2 be ; introduction of
dragoons, 747, 1 a. Reforms under Gusta-
vus Adolphus, 1 b ; introduction of paper
cartridges, i~b. ; reorganization of cavalry,
and improvement of artillery, 1 be. Intro
duction of the bayonet, flint-lock, and iron
ramrod, 2 a. Reforms under Frederick the
Great, 748, 1 be; revolution in cavalry, 1 c;
in artillery, 2 ab ; in infantry, 2 b ; effect of
the line formation, 2 be. Origin of the mod
ern military system, 749, 1 ab. French
army of the republic, and its new system of
tactics, 1 b ; combination of the three arms,
2 ab. Changes in materiel of armies, 750,
1 ab. American rifles, 2 be ; tactical arrange
ments, light-infantry tactics, 2 c ; American
improvements in cavalry, 751, 1 a. General
organization of modern armies, 751, 2 ab;
their equipment and armament, 2 c ; recruit
ing of officers, 2 b. Division of infantry,
752, 1 b ; of cavalry, 1 c ; of artillery, 2 a ;
brigade and division, 2 b. The staff, 753,
1 b. Military establishments, 2 b. Military
system of the United States, 754, 1 ab.
" Army of the faith " (Spanish royalists), VII.
138, 1 be ; its defeat and dispersion, 1 c.
Arna, wild buffalo, III. 410, 2 a.
Arnatto : see AXXOTTO.
ARXAULD [ar-no], family, I. 754. Aiitoine, 2
ab. Robert Arnauld d Andilly, 2 b. Henri,
2 be. Antoine (the great Arnauld), 755, 1 a.
His impeachment of the moral teaching of
the Jesuits, XIII. 734, 1 a. Marie Jacque
line Angelique, I. 755, 2 be. Agnes, 2 c.
Angelique (Mere Angelique), 750, 1 a.
ARNAULT, Vincent Antoine [ar-no], author, I.
756.
Arnaut Beligrad, town : see BEE AT.
Arnautlik [ar-no wt -lik] : see ALBANIA, I. 244,
1 a.
AEXAUTS [ar-nowts ] : see ALBANIA, I. 244, 2 b.
AEND, or Arndt, Johann [arnt], theologian, I.
756.
ARNDT, Ernst Moritz, German patriot, I. 756.
Arndt, Johann : see AEND.
AENE, Thomas Augustine [arn], composer, I.
757.
Arnheim, city : see AEXHEM.
Arnheim, Johann Georg : see AENTM.
AENREM, or Arnheim [arn -hem, -hlme], city
of Holland, I. 757.
AR NICA (botany), I. 757. A. montana, 2 b
(ill.).
AEXIM, or Arnheim, Johann Georg, soldier, I.
757.
AENIM, Karl Otto Ludwig von, author, I. 758.
AENIM, Ludwig Achim (Joachim) von, poet, I.
758; alluded to, III. 250, 2 be. Elisabeth
(Bettina) von, writer, 1 c; alluded to, 111.
250, 2 b. Gisela von, writer, 2 c.
Arnimb, Dorothea (or Doris von), allusion to,
III. 702, 2 c.
ARXO, river of Tuscany, I. 758.
AENO BIUS, rhetorician, I. 759; X. 199, 2 ab.
ARNOLD, Benedict, traitor, I. 759 ; X. 97, 1 a.
James Robertson, British soldier, I. 760, 1 c.
AEXOLD OF BRESCIA, religious reformer, I. 760;
131, 2 b.
AEXOLD, Christoph [ar -nolt], astronomer, I.
760.
ARXOLD, Edwin, author, I. 761.
ARNOLD, Matthew, author, I. 761.
AENOLD, Samuel, composer, I. 761.
AEXOLD, Thomas, D. D., teacher and historian,
I. 761.
ARNOLD, Thomas Kercliever, clergyman and
author, I. 762.
Ar noldists, religious sect, T. 700, 2 c.
Arnol di Villa, I. 757, 2 a (AEXDEM).
AEXOTT, Xeil, scientist, I. 762. His hydrosta
tic or water bed, II. 445, 2 a. (Died 1874.)
ARXOULD, Sophie [ar-noo], actress, I. 702.
AEXSBEHG [arnce -pairgj, town, I. 762.
ARXSTADT [arn -stat], town, I. 762.
AEXSWALDE [arnce -val-deh], town, I. 702.
Aroe [a-roo J : see AEEOO.
AROLAS, Juan [a-ro -lass], Spanish poet, I. 762.
AROLSEX [a -role-zen], town, I. 762.
Arom ata promonto rium: see CAPE GUARDA-
FUI.
AROOS TOOK, county, I. 763.
ARPAD [ar -pad], Magyar national hero, I. 763.
Arpdd dynasty, IX. 55, 2 a.
Arpent [ar-pa ng ], I. 72, 2 c (ACRE).
Ar pi, ancient town, VII. 301, 1 a,
Arpin [ar-pa ng ], count of Bourges, II. 581, 1 c.
ARPINO [ar-pe -nol, town of Italy, I. 763.
AEPINO, Giuseppe Cesari d : see CESAEI.
ARPINTTM : see AEPIXO.
ARQUA, or Arquata [ar -kwa, ar-kwa -ta], vil
lage of Italy, I. 763. House and tomb of
Petrarch, 1 c.
Arquata : see ARQTTA.
Arquebus, or arquebuse, XII. 97, 1 a (ill.) ; I.
745, 2 a ; 735, 1 c. Arquebus and serpent,
XII. 97, 1 b (ill.).
Arquebuse [ar -kwe-bus] : see Arquebus (Index).
ARRABONA
ARTEMISIA
51
Arrabo na, ancient city, XIV. 158, 1 b (RAAB).
Arracan : seeAiiACAN.
ABKAOK , strong spirituous liquor, I. 703.
Made from rice, XIV. 300, 2 be , from palm
wine, XIII. 19, 2 c.
AU RAN, island, I. 763.
A KHAN, Isles of, I. 763. Antiquities of, 2 c.
AIM: AX, Earl of, title in the Scotch peerage, I.
703. James Hamilton, second earl, 764, 1
a ; II. 423, 1 b. James, his son, I. 704, 1 ab.
Irish earldom of, 1 b.
Arran of the Saints, I. 763, 2 c (ARRAN, Isles
of). "
AR RAS [Fr. a-ras], city of France, I. 764. Ta
pestries of, 2 c.
Arras tra, in gold mining, VIII. 84, 1 be.
AREA WARS , or Loko no, a tribe of Guiana, I.
764; XVI. 566, 2 c.
ARREST , in law, I. 764. In civil cases, 2 ab ;
English law, ib. ; in the United States, 2 c ;
persons exempted from, by constitution, 765,
1 ab ; rules relating to time arid method of,
1 c; release from, 2 a. In criminal cases, 2
ab; power to make arrest, 2 b; nature of,
760, 1 c ; degree of force allowed, 2 a; right
of search, 2 b.
Arret burlesque [a-ra bur-lesk], Boileau s sa
tire, II. 578, 1 b (BERNIER).
Arretinm : see AREZZO.
Arrhenaihe rum avena ceum (botany), XII. 562,
1 a.
ARUIIID/E US, Philip, king of Macedon, I. 700.
AH RIA, Roman heroine, I. 7(57.
ARRIAX (Flavins Arrianus), philosopher and
historian, I. 707.
Arriere Ian [Fr. a-re-air bi A i ng ], II. 263, 1 a (BAN).
ARRIVABENE, Giovanni, count [ar-re-va-ba -naj,
economist, I. 767.
ARROO , Arm, or Aroe [a-roo J, islands, I. 767.
Arrow-headed inscriptions, V. 570, 2 c (CUNEI
FORM INSCRIPTIONS).
Arrowing of sugar cane, XV. 445, 2 a.
ARROWROOT, I. 707 (ills.). Starch granules
of West India arrowroot, XV. 317, 2 c (ill.,
318) ; of Brazilian arrowroot (ill.), 318.
Arrowwood, XVI. 339, 1 c.
Arm [ar-roo J : see ARROO.
ARS: see ARS-SUR-MOSELLE.
Arsa ccs, kings of Parthia, XIII. 134, 2 c, if.
Arsa cidce, Parthian dynasty, XIII. 322, 2 a,
134, 2 c; Armenian, I. 723, 2 c, 724, 1 b.
ARSAMAS : see ARZAMAS.
Arsendimethyle, IX. 733, 2 a (KAKODYLE).
AR SENIC, I. 768. Metallic properties, 1 b ;
as an alloy, 2 a. Arsenious acid or white
arsenic, tests for detecting its presence,
2 b; manufacture of, 769, 2 a; injurious to
workmen, 2 be; where found native, 2 c.
Use of arsenious acid in medicine, 770, 1 a;
361, 2 b; VIII. 784, 1 be; habitual use of
by peasants of Styria, I. 770, 1 b. Use of for
criminal poisoning, 1 be. Antidotes, 1 c.
Arsen ical iron, I. 769, 2 c.
Arse nious acid (white arsenic) : see ARSENIC
(Index).
ARSINOE [ar-sin -o-e], name of four celebrated
women, I. 770.
ARSINOE, name of two cities in Egypt, I. 771.
Ancient monastery near one of them, XI.
728, 2 c. Ancient city of Cyprus, VII. 78,
1 b ; of Egypt, VII. 102, 2 b.
Arsinoe, daughter of Phegeus, I. 263, 2 b.
Arsin olte nome, ancient Egypt, VII. 102, 2 b.
Ars Lidliana, logical machine, X. 713, 1 be.
Ars Magna, Jerome Cardan s : see ALGEBRA,
I. 301, 2 c.
Ars Magna, Raymond Lully s: see Ars Lul-
liana (Index).
ARSON, I. 771. In English law, 1 c ; in United
States, 2 a.
ARS-SUR-MOSELLE [ar-siir-mo-ze l], town, I. 772.
Art, early Christian, XII. 795, 2 be. Christian,
works on : see BOCK, Franz.
Art, works of, saved from destruction during
the first French revolution, X. 341, 2 b
(LENOIR, Alexandra).
AR TA, Turkish town, I. 772. See AMBEACIA.
ARTABA NUS, assassin of Xerxes. I. 772.
Artabanm /., king of Parthia, XIII. 135, 1 b.
A. II., 2b. A. IV., 136, 2c.
ARTABA ZUS, two Persian generals, I. 772.
Arta lri, an ancient people, referred to, VII.
566, 1 ab.
Arta ces, or Artaxias, king of Armenia, I. 723,
2 c.
ARTAX ATA, ancient city, I. 773.
ARTAXERX ES, name of three kings of Persia,
I. 773. A. Longimanus, 1 b. A. Mnemon,
1 be. A. Ochus, 2 a.
Artax ias, king of Armenia, I. 723, 2 c ; 773, 1 a.
Artedi [ar-ta -de], (Peter, 1705- 35), his classi
fication of fishes, IX. 159, 1 be.
ARTEMIDO RUS OF EPIIESUS, geographer, I. 773.
AR TEMIS : see DIANA.
ARTEMISIA [ar-te-mish -a], queen of Ilalicar-
nassus, I. 773. Wife and successor of Mau-
solus, 2 b.
ARTEMISIA (botany), I. 773. Various species,
52
ARTEMISIUM
ARYAN
2 c. A. dracunculus, ib., and XV. 573, 2 a.
A. inaritima (var. Steehmanniana), XVI.
730, 2 c (ill.). A. ubsintliium, 731, 1 c (ill.) ;
I. 34, 1 b.
AKTEMISIUM, I. 774. Xaval battle of the
Greeks and Persians, 1 a.
Arte miua (Anastasius), emperor, I. 458, 1 c.
Artemus Ward, pseudonyme, III. 344, 2 b.
Arte rial valves, VIII. 558, 1 a.
AR TERY, I. 774. Structure of, 491, 1 c (Ax-
EDRISM). See CIRCULATIOX, IV. 606, 2 b;
607, 2 b; 610, 1 a. Twisting of, I. 442,
1 c ; first introduced, 447, 1 c.
Arte sian boring tools, I. 778 (ills.) ; in opera
tion (ill.), 779, 1 a ; simplest (ill.), 1 c ; tools
for extracting obstructions (ill.), 2 a.
AETESIAX WELLS, I. 774 (ills.). Origin of the
name, 2 ab. First artesian well, X. 470, 2 a.
Principle of, I. 775, 1 a ; supply from, ib. ;
increase of temperature in, 1 b ; hot springs,
1 be, Well at Grenelle, 2 a ; at Passy, 2 b ;
at Kissingen, 776, 1 a ; in the desert of Sa
hara, il>. ; at Bourne, Eng., 1 b ; in the Con
tinental hotel, Philadelphia, ib. ; at Point of
Rocks, Wyo., 1 be ; in the Llano Estacado,
1 c ; in Alabama, 229, 2 b ; at St. Louis, 776,
2 a ; at Louisville, Ky., 2 b ; at Charleston,
S. C., ib. ; at Onarga, 111., 777, 1 a ; Chicago
wells, 1 b ; in Xew York city, 1 be. Methods
of boring, 2 a ; in China, 2 ab ; in the Penn
sylvania oil region, 2 be. Accidents in bo
ring, 779, 1 c. Drill invented by Goulet-
Collet, 2 I). Xegative wells, 2 c.
ARTEVELDE, Jacob van [ar -tSh-vel-deh], Flem
ish leader, I. 780. Philip van, 1 c.
Artkral gia, lead (lead poisoning), X. 247, 1 c.
ARTHRI TIS, inflammation of the joints, I. 780.
Arthrococ cus, in lacteous fermentation, VII.
146, 1 a (ill.).
ARTHUR, legendary hero, I. 781 ; X. 138. 1 a.
Arthur, duke of Brittany (Prince Arthur), IX.
648, 2 b and c ; 649, 1 a and b.
ARTHUR, Timothy Shay, author, I. 781.
ARTHUR, William, clergyman and author, I. 781.
Arthur Dudley, pseudonyme, III. 480, 2 b.
Arthur s quoits: see CROMLECH.
Arthur s round table, I. 781, 1 be; III. 540,
2 a (ill.), (CAERI.EOX) ; XVI. 655, 2 c.
Arthur s Seat, VI. 405, 1 c (EDINBURGH).
Artiads (chemical), II. 89, 1 a; IV. 371, 1 be;
XI. 585, 1 b; XII. 479, 1 b.
AR TICHOKE, I. 781. Globe artichoke (ill.),
782. Jerusalem artichoke, 1 be ; tuber (ill.),
ib. Canada or Virginia potato, 1 c.
Article, Arabic, I. 227, 2 a.
Articles of Smalcald, X. 728, 2 ab.
ARTICULA TA, I. 782 ; IX. 325, 1 b, 2 a.
Articulates, eyes of, VII. 47, 2 ab.
ARTICULATION (anatomy), I. 783 (ills.).
Artificial gems, VII. 664, 2 b; manufactory
of, 665, 2 a.
Artificial horizon, VIII. 816, 2 c.
ARTIGAS, Jose [nr-te -gass], South American
general, I. 784.
AKTIL LEEY, I. 784. Illustrations : early Eng
lish cannon, 785 ; bombard, ib. ; mortar, ib. ;
Coehorn mortar, 786 ; gun carnage, 789 ;
Dahlgren gun. 790; thirteun-inch mortar,
791 ; field six-pounder smooth-bore bronze
gun, -ib. ; Armstrong gun, 793 ; Whitworth
gun, ib. ; Krupp gun, 794 ; Rodman gun,
795 ; Parrott gun, 796 ; Gatling gun, 797.
Artillerymen, patron saint of, II. 297, 2 b.
Artillery school, United States, XI. 538, 1 c;
XIII. 638, 1 a.
ARTIODACTYLES [ar-te-o-dak -tils], (zoology), I.
797; XVI. Ill, 1 a.
Artocar pusBrazilien sis (botany), III. 224, 1 c.
A. incisa, 234, 1 b. A. integrifolia, 1 b, 2 c.
ARTOIS [ar-twa], province, I. 797. Origin of
the name : see ATEEBATES. Count of : see
CHARLES X. (of France), IV. 288, 1 a.
AETOT, Joseph [ar-to], violinist, I. 798.
Artoxerxes : see AETAXEEXES.
Art unions, held to be lotteries, X. 648, 2 a.
Arugan , East Indian deity, IX. 508. 1 ab.
Aru kh [a-rook J (dictionary), of Nathan ben
Jehiel, referred to, IV. 231, 1 c (CIIALDEE
LAXGUAGE).
A rurn cordifo lium (botany), VII. 807, 1 be.
A. esculentum, VIII. 526, 2 b. A. macu-
latum, XVI. 422, 2 b.
Arun da : see ROXPA.
AB UNDEL, Thomas Howard, earl of, I. 798.
ARUXDELIAX MARBLES : see AEUNDEL, Thomas
Howard.
ARUXDELL, Blanch, English heroine, I. 799.
Arundel society, I. 798, 2 c.
Arundina ria macrosper ma (botany), III. 701,
1 c (ill.) ; XIII. 48, 1 b.
Arun do phragmi tes (botany), XIV. 240, 2 b.
Ar iad, ancient city, I. 627, 2 be.
Armc ola (zoology), XL 311, 2 c. A. riparia, ib.
ARWIDSSOX, Adolf I var [ar -vids-son], Swedish
poet, I. 799.
Arx, citadel of Rome, III. 756, 1 a.
Aryan languages of India, IX. 216, 2 a.
AR YAN RACE AXD LANGUAGE, I. 799. Derive,"
ARYANS
ASIIBURTON
53
tion of the term Aryan, 1 be. Principal
branches, 1 e. Proofs of relationship, 2 a,
and 801, 2 b. Primitive structure of the lan
guage, 799, 2 c ; changes in structure, SOU,
1 c. Original Aryan race, 2 b, and VII.
737, 1 c; dispersion and migration, I. 801, ;
1 b ; grade of kinship between different i
branches, 1 be ; subordinate branches, 1 c ; j
supplanting of other races, 2 a; mixture
with aboriginal races, ib. Evidence of a
unity of race and language among the differ
ent branches, 2 b. Historical importance
of the Aryans, 2 c.
Aryans in India, IX. 213, 1 c, ff.
Arylallos, Egyptian (ill.), XIII. 779.
Aryo- Romanic race, VI. 759, 2 b.
ARZACTIEL, Abraham [ar tha-chail ], Jewish
astronomer of Spain, I. 802.
ARZAMAS , or Arsamas, Russian town, I. 802.
As, Roman weight and coin, I. 802 ; XI. 738, 1 a.
As, or Asa, mythical, I. 802; XII. 120, 1 a.
A SA, king of Judah, I. 802 ; VIII. 588, 2 a.
Asabs, sections of the Koran, X. 45, 1 a.
ASAFCETIDA [as-a-fet -e-da], I. 802 (ill.).
A SAPH, a Levite and psalmist, I. 802. " Chil
dren of Asaph," 2 b.
As aphus cauda tus (zoology), XV. 8G8, 2 ab.
Asa race, in northern mythology, XII. 120, 1 a.
Asaradi mis, in Ptolemy s Canon, VI. 723, 1 c
(ESARIIADDON).
A* arum (botany), XV. 130, 2 c. A. Cana-
dense, ib, (ill., 131).
ASBEN, in Africa: see AIR (oasis).
ASBESTUS, mineral, I. 802; VIII. 821, 1 b.
AS BUUY, Francis, Methodist bishop, I. 803;
XL 454, 2 b, ff.
Ascalabo toB (zoology), VII. 056, 1 a.
Ascalaliotes (zoology), of Aristotle, VII. 650,
1 c.
AS CALON, city of Philistia, I. 803.
ASCARIDES [as-kar -e-deez], (entozoa), I. 803 ;
VI. 668, 1 c.
As car is liunbricoi des (entozoa), I. 804, 1 a;
VI. 668, 1 c (ill., 2 b). A. vermicularis, I.
804, 1 a; VI. 669, 1 a (ill.).
ASCEN SION, parish of Louisiana, I. 804.
Asccmion, right (astronomy), how found, XV.
843, 1 a; 845, 1 a.
ASCENSION DAY, I. 804.
ASCENSION ISLAND, S. Atlantic ocean. I. 804.
Ascensions, balloon, for scientific purposes : see
AERONAUTICS, I. 147, 1 a, and GAY-LUSSAC,
VII. 653, 1 b.
Asccmius, II. 213, 2 a (BADIUS).
Ascet icism : see MONACIIISM. Hindoo, IX. 227,
1 c.
Ascetics, XL 728, 2 ab.
ASCII [ash], town of Bohemia, I. 804.
ASCIIAFFENBURG [a-shaf -feii-boorg], city of Ba
varia, I. 804.
ASCII AM, Roger [as -kam], scholar, I. 804. In
structor of Elizabeth, afterward queen, in
Greek and Latin, VI. 531, 1 b.
ASCIIERSLEBEN [asli -erce-la-beu], Prussian town,
I. 804.
Asci (botany), of fungi, VII. 529, 1 c, and 532,
1 ab ; of lichens. X. 409, 1 c.
Ascid ia (botany), X. 267, 1 c ; XIII. 547, 1 c.
ASCIDIANS : see MOLLUSCOIDS, XL 724, 2 c.
Ascitcs [as-sl -teez], VI. 266, 1 b (DROPSY).
Asclcpi ada. , or Asclepiades, race of, I. 153,
1 a; XL 346, 1 b; XV. 485, 2 b.
ASCLEPIADES [as-kle-pi -a-deez], Greek physi
cian, I. 805. llis treatment of insanity, IX.
297, 1 b.
Ascle pias (botany), XI. 545. A. Cornuti, 546,
1 a (ill., 545). A. variegata, 546, 1 a (ill.).
A. gigantea vel procera, I. 601, 1 c.
ASCOLI [as -ko-le], city of Italy, I. 805. As-
coli Piceno [pe-cha -no], province, 1 b. As-
coli di Satriano [de sa-tre-a -no], town, ib.
Ascomyce tes, order of fungi, VII. 532, 1 ab.
AS COT HEATH, race course, I. 805. Annual
meeting, 1 c.
Ascotricha [as-ko-tn -ka], fungus, XL 535, 2 a.
As cougli : see ASKEW.
As culum Apu lum, ancient town, I. 805, 1 b
( ASCOLI).
Asdrubal : see HASDRUBAL.
ASELLI, or Asellio, Gasparo [a-scl -le, -le-o],
Italian anatomist, I. 805.
Asfi [as -fe] : see SAFFI.
As gard, XII. 120, 1 a (MYTHOLOGY).
ASGILL, John [as -ghil], English lawyer and
writer, I. 805.
ASH, forest tree, I. 805. Genera and species
of, 1 c, ff. Mountain ash (ill.). 806, 1 c. Oak-
leaved mountain ash (ill.), 2 b.
ASH, John, English clergyman, I. 807.
Ash of plants, constituents of, I. 194, 1 c, 2 a.
AsJiangi [a-shan -ghe], lake of Abyssinia, I.
167, 2 b.
ASHANTEE , a savage kingdom of Africa, I. 807.
Ash beds (of copper ore), V. 323, 1 c.
ASII BURTON, Alexander Baring, baron, I. 807.
Ashburton treaty, 2 c. William Bingham
Baring, Lord Ashburton, 80S, 1 ab. Fran
cis, ib. Alexander Hugh, ib.
ASHBURTON
ASPINWALL
Ashlurton, Lord: see DUNNING, John, VI.
318.
ASIIBY DE LA ZOUCH [ash -be del-a zoosh],
town of England, I. 808. Remains of castle
in which Queen Mary was imprisoned, 1 b.
ASII DOD, city of Palestine, I. 808.
ASHE, county, I. 808.
ASHE, John, revolutionary officer, I. 808.
ASIIEK, I. 808. Tribe of, 2 b.
Ash era, or Asherah, a goddess, II. 7, 1 b ;
XII. 109,2 a; XIII. 420, 1 a.
ASHES, II. 5. Shower of (volcanic), 2 c. Vol
canic ash, 6, 1 b. Hardwood ashes, tendency
to ignite in heaps, V. 138, 1 b (SPONTANEOUS
COMBUSTION).
ASHFORD, town of England, II. 6.
Ashkenazim, division of Jews, IX. 619, 1 ab.
ASH LAND, two counties, II. 0.
ASHLEY, county, II. 6.
Ashley, Baron : see SIIAFTESBUEY, XIY. 808, 2 b.
Ashley river, IV. 314, 1 b.
Ashley s ferry, XVI. 12, 1 c (TROY).
Ashmogh, the two-forked, in Persian demon-
ology, V. 793, 2 c.
ASIIMOLE, Elias, English antiquary, II. 6.
Ashmo lean museum, XII. 763, 2 a. See ASH-
MOLE, Elias.
ASH MUX, Jehudi, II. 6. See COLONIZATION
SOCIETY, V. 91, 2 b.
Ashod, or Ashot, name of two kings (Armenia
and Georgia), II. 217, 1 c.
ASHTABU LA, county, II. 7.
Ashtaroth : see ASHTORETH.
Ashteroth Karnaiw, Semitic goddess, XII. 118,
1 a. City of Palestine, II. 7, 1 c.
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE, town of England, II. 7.
ASH TOEETH, Semitic goddess, II. 7. Phoeni
cian representations of, 1 b.
ASH WEDNESDAY, in the church calendar, II. 7.
ASIA [a -sha], II. 7. (Map.) Extent and con
formation, 1 a. Mountain ranges, 8, 1 a. Sur
face, 2 b. Hydrography, 9, 1 c. Deserts, 10,
2 a. Climate, 2 b. Minerals, 11,1 ab. Volca
noes, 1 be. Flora, 1 c. Zoology, 12, 1 c.
Population, 13, 1 b. Religions, 2 a. Political
institutions, 2 b: divisions, 14, 1 a. Cradle
of the race, of the great religious move
ments, and of empires, 1 b. History, ib.
ASIAGO [a-se-a -go], town of Italy, II. 16.
ASIA MINOR, IT. 16. Map of ancient Asia
Minor, il>. Boundaries, 1 a. Physical fea
tures, ib. Climate, 1 c. Early inhabitants,
ib. Divisions. 2 c. History, 17, 1 be.
Asiatic society of Bengal, IX. 681, 1 ab.
As ilus (entomology), VI. 129, 2 c.
Asim ina trilo la (botany), XIII. 44, 1 a (ills.).
ASINAIS, Indian tribe, II. 17.
Asinel li, the (leaning tower of Bologna), III.
18, 1 a (ill.); 661, 2 b.
As inus (zoology): see ASS,QUAGGA, audZEBEA.
Asis ium : see ASSISI.
AS KEW, Ascough, or Ayscough, Anne, English
Protestant lady end martyr, II. 17.
Askew, bibliomaniac, II. 622, 1 be.
ASMANNSHAUSEN [ass -niance-how-zen], Prus
sian village, II. 17. Wine of, 2 c, and VII.
774, 2 a.
ABMOD.E US, or Asmodi, evil demon, II. 17.
Asmo di : see ASMOD.EUS.
ASMONE ANS, or Ilasmoneans, Jewish priestly
and princely family, II. 17. Last of the As-
monean princes, I. 563, 2 a.
Asmus [ass -moos] : see CLAUDIUS, Matthias.
ASNIERES [a-nyairj, village of France, II. 18.
ASO PUS, two rivers, II. 18. River god, 1 b,
ASP, II. 18 (ill.). Asp of Cleopatra, 1 c, and
XVI. 368. 1 c-2 a.
Aspada na : see ISPAHAN.
As par, Byzantine minister, and Ariau leader,
X. 349, 2 c ; 350, 1 a.
ASPAR AGUS, II. 18 (ill.). Culture, 19, 1 b.
Asparasas [as-pa-ra -sas], in Hindoo mythology,
IX. 224, 2 b.
ASPA SIA, II. 19. Her relation to Pericles, 1 c.
Aspasi acce, Scythian tribe, IX. 821, 1 b.
AS PEN: see POPLAR, XIII. 712, 1 b ; 713, 1 be.
Atpergil lus, fungus, VII. 532, 2 a.
AS PERN AND ESS LING, II. 19. Battle of, 2 b.
Duke of Essling (Masse na), 2 c.
Asphalt : see ASPHALTTTM, and PAVEMENT,
XIII. 193, 1 b, ff. Mastic of, 2 ab. Asphalt
mixture, 194, 1 a.
Asphal tene, II. 20, 1 a (ASPIIALTUM).
ASPHALTI TES LA CUS : see DEAD SEA.
ASPHAL TUM, or Asphalt, II. 19. Artificial
asphaltum, 20, 2 be.
AS PHODEL, ornamental plant, II. 21 (ill.).
Asphode lus (botany), II. 21, 1 a. A. luteus,
ib. A. ramosus (ill.), 1 b.
ASPIIYX IA, imperfect or suspended respiration,
II. 21. In medical jurisprudence, XL 340,
1 be, 2 a; 341, 1 b and c. Heat or solar
asphyxia: see SUNSTROKE.
Aspidis cina^ animalcules, I. 515, 1 c.
Aspid iumfilix-mas (botany), XL 63, 2 b.
Aspidonec tes (zoology), XV. 810, 2 a.
Aspidorhyn chm, fossil fish, VII. 616, 2 a (ill.).
AS PINWALL, or Colon, city of Colombia, II. 21.
ASPIRATION"
ASSWAN
55
Aspiration, an operation in heart disease, VIII.
501, 2 1).
ASP LAND, Robert, clergyman, II. 21.
Asple nium (botany), VII. 150, 2 b. A. luci-
dum (ill.), 151, 2 c. A. rliizopbyllum, XVI.
430, 2 ab.
Aspra Spitia, site of Auticyra, I. 500, 1 b.
Aspre do, fish, mode of hatching its eggs, VII.
239, 2 b.
ASPROMON TE, mountain in Italy, II. 22. Bat
tle of, ib.
ASPROPOT AMO : see ACIIELOUS.
Ass, II. 22. Wild ass, 1 b (ill.). Domestic
do., 1 c, ff. (ill.). White asses, supposed an
cient breed, 2 ab. Hybrids, 23, 1 a. Mule
arid hinny, 1 b.
ASSAB , or Saba, bay of the Red sea, II. 23.
As salet, river, VIII. 535, 2 c; 530, 1 a,
ASSAM , province of British India, II. 23. As
sam tea company, 2 b.
Assami [as-sa-me J, or Assamese language, IX.
210, 2 c; 218, 1 a.
ASSAS SINS, secret political society, II. 24.
Origin of the name, 2 c. Existing remnants
of, 20, 1 a.
ASSAULT , in law, II. 20. Aggravated, 2 b.
ASSAYE, or Assye [as-sl ], village of Ilindostan,
battle at, II. 20.
ASSAYING (chemistry), II. 20. Wet method,
28, 1 c.
Ass between two bundles of hay (logical impo
tence of the will) : see BURIDAN, III. 455.
ASSELYX, Jan fas -seh-line], painter, surnamed
K rabbet je, II. 29.
ASSEMANI [as-sa-ma -ne], name of a family of
orientalists, II. 29. Joseph Simon, 2 b.
Stephan Evodius, 2 be. Joseph Aloysius,
2 c. Simon, 30, 1 a.
Assembly of notables (France), VII. 384, 2 c ;
XV. 3-24, 1 b.
AS SEN, town of the Netherlands, II. 30.
ASSER, or Asserius Merievensis, monk, II. 30.
Asser, M., his transfer process in lithography,
X. 529, 1 ab.
Asse rius Menevcn sis : see ASSER.
Asses, feast of, IV. 554, 1 a.
Assessments, local taxes, XV. 590, 1 a.
As sets, in bookkeeping, III. 80, 2 a.
As shur, son of Shem, II. 33, 1 c. Assyrian
deity, 33, 2 a ; 30, 2 c. Ancient city, 34, 1 a.
AssJiur-alch-iddin, of the Assyrian inscriptions,
VI. 723, 1 c.
Asslmr-bani-pal (SardanapahlS ?), II. 30, 1 c,
2 a. Cuneiform inscriptions relating to, V.
576, 2 c (ill., 577). Referred to, XIV. 681,
1 ab.
AssJiur-emit-ilin, II. 30, 2 b; XIV. 031, 1 ab
(SARDANAPALUS).
Asshur-idanni-pal (Sardanapalus), II. 33, 2 c ;
34, 1 c.
Asshur-izir-pal, II. 34, 1 be.
Asshur-likhiith, XI V. 6:31, 1 b.
Asshur-lukh-ihuiih, XIV. 031, 1 b.
Asshur-lush, XIV. 031, 1 b.
Asshur-nasir-pal, II. 34, 1 be.
Asshur-tanagbal) XIV. 031, 1 b.
Asside anSj Jewish party, XIII. 381, 2 b.
ASSIEN TO, name of treaties respecting the
slave trade, II. 30.
ASSIGNATIONS, Russian paper money, II. 30.
ASSIGNATS [as-se-nya], French revolutionary
paper currency, II. 30 (ill.).
ASSIGNMENT, in law, II. 31. Underlease, 1 ab ;
X. 209, 2 b.
" Assigns" not necessary to be added in a deed,
VII. 108/2 be.
Assimilation, in digestion, VI. 104, 2 a.
AS SING, Rosa Maria, poetess, II. 31. Ludmilla,
her daughter, 1 c.
Assiniboi a, territory, XL 114, 2 a.
ASSIN IBOIN, river, II. 31.
ASSINIBOINS, tribe of Indians, II. 31 ; XII. 503,
2 a. Red Stone do., II. 32, 1 a.
Assinipwalalc, Algonquin name of the Assini-
boins, II. 31, 2 c.
Assiscs de Jerusalem [as-seez duh zha-ru-za-
laim], feudal code, XIV. 232, 1 c.
ASSISI [as-se -ze], town of Italy, II. 32.
Assisi, Andrea di : see LUIGI, Andrea di.
Assistancies, of the order of Jesuits, IX. 627,
1 c.
Assistants: see CONNECTICUT, V. 200, 2 c;
201, 2 a.
ASSIZE , II. 32. Writ of (or writ of right),
1 b. Assize of bread, 2 b. Assizes of Jeru
salem, 2 be.
Association, Fourier s plan of, VII. 854, 2 a.
Assuan: see ASSWAN.
ASSUAY : see ASUAY.
ASSUMP SIT, in law, II. 32.
ASSUMPTION, festival of the, II. 33.
ASSUMPTION, parish of Louisiana, II. 33.
ASSUMPTION, city : see ASUNCION.
ASSUMPTION, island, Ladrone group, II. 33.
ASSURANCE : see INSURANCE.
Assur-nirari, XIV. 031, 1 b (SARDANAPALUS).
ASSWAN, or Assuan [as-s wan ], town of Egypt,
II. 33.
56
ASSYE
ASYLUM
Assye : see ASSAYE.
ASSYR IA, II. 33. In its earlier limited sense,
2 a; later and widest extent, 2 ab. Chro
nology of Berosus, 2 b. Legends, 2 c. Old
est native document, ib. ; historical devel
opment from this and other sources, 34, 1 a.
Assyrian race, 86, 2 a ; scientific eminence,
37, 1 c. Assyrian religion and divinities,
30, 2 c.
As tacus fluviati lis (zoology), V. 403, 2 c; ill.,
404. A. atfinis, 2 b. A. Bartonii, ib.
As ta Pompcia [pom-pe -ya] : see ASTI.
Asta Eegia, ancient city, IX. 000, 2 ab.
ASTAE TE: see ASHTORETH, and XII. 118, 1 a.
Astasi& a, animalcules, I. 515, 1 b.
Astatic g.dranom eter, VII. 593, 1 b (ill.).
Astatic needle, in galvanism, VII. 593, 1 a.
AS TER (botany), II. 37. China aster, 2 a, 38,
1 a (ill., 37).
ASTER, Ernst Ludwig von, military engineer,
II. 38. Karl Ileinrich von, soldier and au
thor, 1 c.
ASTERABAU: SeeAsTRABAD.
Aste ria, island, V. 783, 2 ab.
ASTE RIAS : see STAR FISH.
Aster ia$, caterpillar, IV. 100, 1 b (ill.).
AS TEROIDS, II. 38. Number of, 2 c. See
PLANET, XIII. 509, 1 a, 2 a; 571, 2 a. Dis
coveries of by Hind, VIII. 737, 2 b ; by
Peters, XIII. 350, 1 b ; by "Watson, XVI.
2 b. Leverrier s theory of their distribution
and mass, X. 379, 2 c.
Asterol epis, fossil fish, VII. 610, 2 b.
ASTHMA [ast -ma or az -ma], difficulty of respi
ration, II. 39. Treatment of, 2 b.
ASTI [as -te], city of Italy, II. 39. Republic
of, ib. Wine of, IX. 467, 2 c.
ASTIE, Jean Frederic [as-tya], author, II. 39.
Astigmatism (of the eye), XV. 237, 1 c.
Astil le Japon ica (botany), XV. 275, 1 b.
AST LEY, Philip, equestrian, II. 39.
ASTOL PIIUS, king of the Lombards, II. 40.
As toma grylla ria (entomology), XIV. 374, 1 b.
ASTOR, John Jacob, II. 40. His operations in
the fur trade, 1 be VII. 530, 1 a. See AS
TOR LIBRARY.
Astor, William B. : see ASTOR LIBRARY.
ASTOE GA, city of Spain, II. 40.
ASTORGA, Ernmanuele d , composer, II. 40.
ASTO RIA, town of Oregon, II. 40.
Astoria, Long Island, X. 626, 2 c.
ASTOR LIBRARY, II. 41.
Astor place riots, X. 807, 2 b. Referred to,
VII. 323, 2 a ; XII. 408, 1 b.
ASTRABAD , province, II. 41. Town, 2 c.
Astrachan : see ASTRAKHAN.
ASTRJS A, genus of radiates, II. 42. A. pallida,
V. 339, 2 c (ill.). Astraea dome, 340, 2 ab.
Astrag alus or cocked l>ons, VIII. 825, 2 ab.
ASTRAKHAN , province, II. 42. Town, 1 c.
Astrakhan ides [as-tra-ka -nidz], central Asian
dynasty, II. 799, 2 b.
Astrakhan Iamb,- fur of, VII. 539, 2 b. Its
paws used as a substitute for the tail of the
ermine, 537, 1 c.
Astrakhans, skins, VI. 776, 2 c.
Astrcd lamp, X. 129, 1 c.
Astral light, X. 846, 2 a (MAGIC).
ASTRINGENTS, II. 42.
ASTROL OGY, II. 42. Its early development,
43, 1 a. Method of procedure, 1 b.
Astronomical day : see DAY.
Astronomical tables, of Alfonso X., I. 296, 1 c.
ASTRON OMY, II. 43. Chaldean, 2 a; Indian,
2 ab ; Egyptian, 2 b ; Chinese, 44 ; 1 a; Greek,
1 b ; Alexandrian, 1 c ; Ptolemaic, 2 a ;
Arabian, 2 b ; European, ib. Kepler s laws,
45, 1 ab. Spectroscopic analysis, 46, 2 c.
AstropTi yton (ichthyology), XII. 644, 1 b. A.
Agassizii (ill.), ib.
ASTRUC, Jean [as-truk], physician and author.
II. 47.
Astulphus: see ASTOLPIIUS.
Astuniga, Lope de [as-too -nye-ga]: see NU&EZ,
Fern an.
As tur (ornithology), VIII. 121, 2 a. A. atri-
capillus, 2 b (ill.).
ASTURIAS [as-too -re-ass], former province of
Spain, II. 47. Kingdom of, 48, 1 a. Prince
of (title), 1 ab.
Astu rica Angus ta : see ASTORGA.
As ty, upper town of Athens, II. 59, 1 ab (ill.).
ASTYAGES [as-ti -a-jeez], last king of Media,
II. 48.
ASUAY, or Azuay [a-swl j, department of Ecua
dor, II. 48. Desert of, 1 b.
ASUNCION [a-soon-the-oan/J, or Assumption,
capital of Paraguay, II. 48 (ill.).
Asurabac ca, plant, XV. 131, 1 a.
Asuras, the [a-soo -ras], in Buddhism, II. 159,
1 b; V. 793, 2 a; IX. 224, 1 a: 226, 2 a.
In the Persian system, V. 793, 2 b.
ASY LUM, IF. 49. In heathen temples, 1 ab ;
VI. 678, 1 c. In Christian churches, con
vents, &c., II. 49, 1 be. Restrictions of, 1 c.
Sanctuary, right of, 2 a. Right of, possessed
by ambassadors, papal attempts to curtail,
IX. 289, 1 b, 2 a.
ASYMPTOTE
ATHENS
57
AS YMPTOTE, in mathematics, II. 49.
ATACAMA [a-ta-ka -ma], department of Bolivia,
II. 49. Province of Chili, 2 c. Desert of,
ib., and 50, 1 a; IV. 425, 1 be; 420, 1 be.
Atac amite, mineral, IV. 501, 2 a; V. 319, 2 a.
Ataci nus: see VARRO, Publius Terentius.
ATAHUALLPA, or Atabalipa [a-ta-wal -pa, -ba-
le -pa], inca of Peru, II. 50; III. 559, 1 a.
ATALAN TA, mythical, II. 50.
Atar tjati*, goddess, XII. 117, 2 be; 118, 1 be.
ATASCO SA, county, II. 50.
ATAUAI [li-tow -lj, Hawaiian Islands : see
KATJAI.
ATAur/rnus, or Ataulf, king of the Visigoths,
II. 50.
Atax ia, progressive locomotor, XV. 270, 1 c.
Atayde, Catarina de [a-tl -da], III. 058, 1 b
(CAMOENS).
ATBARA [at-bii/-ra], river : see NILE, XII. 449,
2 ab.
ATCIIAFALAYA [atch-a-fa-H -ya], river and ba
you, II. 51.
ATCII ISON, two counties, II. 51.
ATOHISON, city, II. 51.
ATCIIISON, David R., II. 51 ; IX. 755, 1 a.
A TE, Greek divinity, II. 51 ; V. 794, 1 c..
A teles [at -e-leez], (zoology), XI. 750, 2 c.
ATEL LA, ancient town, II. 51. Atellanso fabu-
laj (ludi Osci), 2 c.
Atends: see ATNAIIS.
Atesh gahs, shrines of the Guebres, II. 230,
2 a.
Ates te: see ESTE.
Ateuchm [a-tu -kusj, (zoology), XIV. 003, 2 c.
A. yEgyptiorum, 004, 1 a (ill.).
ATII, or .Eth [at], city of Belgium, II. 50.
ATIIABAS CA, or Athapescow, lake, II. 52. Riv
er, 1 be; X. 791, 1 c.
ATIIABASCAS, family of American Indians, II.
52.
ATIIA BEX HAKEM [u -ta ben ha -kcm], or Al-
hakem ibn Atta, II. 51. Mokanna, the veiled
prophet of Moore s poem, 52, 1 a.
Athal aric, king of the Ostrogoths, I. 374, 1 a;
IX. 720, 1 a.
ATIIALI AII, queen of Judah, II. 52.
ATH AMAS, in Greek legends, II. 52; IX. 437,
2b.
ATIIA MELIK, Ala ed-Din [a -ta ma -lik], Per
sian historian and statesman, II. 52.
ATIIANA SIAN CREED, II. 52.
ATIIANASIUS, Saint, II. 53. On monachisrn, XI.
729, 2 a.
Athapescow: see ATHABASCA.
JEthcli-ng [etli -e-lingj : see ANGLO-SAXONS, I.
499, 2 ab, c.
A theist, the, surname of At tins; I. 154, 2 c.
ATH ELNEY, Isle of, II. 53; 111. 282, 1 a.
ATIIELSTAX, first who called himself king of
the Engli.-li, II. 53. Crowned king of the
Anglo-Saxons, 2 c. His encouragement of
commerce and learning, 54, 1 a. His mint
and currency regulations, XI. 010, 1 c, and
738, 1 c.
ATIIE NA : see MINERVA.
Athena urn, the, club, London, X. 007, 2 c.
Periodical, VI. 109, 2 b, 110, 1 a; XIII.
295, 2 c.
ATHEN.EUS, Greek writer, II. 54.
ATIIEXAG OIZAS, Greek philosopher, II. 54.
Athena is: see EUUOCIA, VI. 770, 2 c, and
ATHENS, II. 57, 1 c.
Athe na Prom achus, statue of, II. 04, 1 b;
XIII. 387, 2 c.
Athena Pronce a, temple of, V. 785, 2 c.
Athe ne (ornithology), XII. 755, 1 c. A. cuni-
cularia, 2 a (ill.). A. kypogaea, ib.
Athenian criminal code, III. 754, 1 c, if. ; legis
lation and judicial procedure, V. 0, 1 a.
" Athenian Letters :" see YORKF,, Charles.
Atheni n, bird owls, XII. 755, 1 b.
ATII ENS, II. 54. Name, 2 b. Early legends
and history, 2 a. Constitution of Solon, 55,
1 b ; reorganization by Clisthenes, 2 a. Mili
tary organization and troops, 2 b ; I. 738,
2 a, and 739, 1 c. Athenian hegemony after
the Persian war, II. 55, 2 c. Defences, 50,
1 a. Spartan and Theban supremacy after
the Peloponnesian war, 1 c; VIII. 195, 1 b;
thirty tyrants, ib. Macedonian period, II.
50, 2 a. Under the Romans, 57, 1 a. Estab
lishment of Christianity, 1 c. Prankish rule,
2 a. Turkish conquest, 2 b. War of inde
pendence, 58, 1 a, General description of
ancient Athens, 2 c, IT. Ancient population,
G1-, 1 b; government, 1 c; religion, 2 be;
private life, 2 c. Modern Athens, 05, 2 c.
Illustrations: Plan of Athens and the port
towns, 59; plan of ancient Athens, 00;
present appearance of the Theseum, ib. ; the
Acropolis at the present day, 01 ; ground
plan of it, ib. ; ruins of the Propylaea, 02 ;
portico of the Erechtheum, il). ; ruins of it,
ib. ; ruins of the Parthenon, 03; general
view of modern Athens, 05.
ATHENS, county, II. 00.
ATHENS, city of Georgia, II. GO.
Athens, so-called duke of, I. 483, 2 b.
58
ATHENS
ATROPOS
Athens, the northern: see WEIMAK.
Athens, plague of, VIII. 192, 1 c.
Athcri na (ichthyology), XV. 57, 2 ab. A.
notata, ib. (ill.).
Athcr manous bodies, VI. 80, 2 c.
Athcrmic lands, in the spectrum, XV. 240, 1 b.
ATHEETON, Charles G. [atfi -er-tun], II. 66.
See Gag rule (Index).
ATIIIAS, Joseph [u-te -as], Jewish printer, II. 66.
Athinganians, Christian sect, VIII. 54, 2 c.
ATIILONE , town of Ireland, II. 67.
ATII OL, Athole, or Atholl, district of Scotland,
II. 67. Pass of Killiecrankie, 1 b.
Athor, or Hathor, Egyptian goddess, II. 7,
1 b. Temple of, VI. 7, 1 c (ill.).
ATH OS, peninsula, II. 67 (ill.)- Remains of
Xerxes s canal, 1 c. Monasteries of, ib.
Athtar, Ilimyarite deity, XII. 117, 2 a.
Atinga (ichthyology), XIV. 738, 2 c.
Atirhagenratha, Indian tribe, II. 96, 1 a.
Atitan: see ATITLAN.
ATITLAN [a-te-tlan J, lake, II. 67.
AT KINSON, Thomas Witlani, artist and trav
eller, II. 67.
ATLAX TA, city of Georgia, II. 68. Capture of
by Sherman s troops, 2 a.
ATLANTIC, county, II. 68.
ATLANTIC OCEAN, II. 68. Geographical de
scription, 69, 1 a. Depth, and figure of the
bottom, 2 a; first series of deep-sea sound
ings, 70, 1 a. Constitution of the ocean bed,
71, 1 c. Currents, 72, 2 a; their cause, 73,
2 b. Gulf stream, 72. 2 b; 74, 1 b. Life in
the Atlantic ocean: vegetable, 78, 2 b; ani
mal, 80, 1 a.
Atlantic and Pacific railroad, I. 711, 1 be.
Atlantic telegraph: see FIELD, Cyrus "W., VII.
177, 1 c; TELEGRAPH, XV. 617, 2 b.
Atlantidce, mollusca, XII. 5.31, 1 b.
ATLANTIS, legendary island, II. 80.
AT LAS, in mythology, II. 80.
ATLAS, mountain system, II. 81.
Atlas moth, XI. 867, 2 b.
At molyser, for separating gases, VII. 634, 2 b
(ill.)-
Atmol ysis, separation - of gases by diffusion,
VII. 634, 2 b.
AT MOSPHERE, II. 81. Height of, 82, 2 c. Den
sity of. XIII. 628, 2 bf Ilerschel s theory
of it, VIII. 701, 1 n. Pressure on the hu
man body, II. 83, 1 b. Pressure of one at
mosphere, XIII. 628, 2 ab. Influence of the
atmosphere in the polarization of light, X.
451, 1 a.
Atmospheres, as measures of weight and pres
sure, XI. 120, 2 a (MANOMETEK).
Atmospher ic air, its proportion of carbon, I.
194, 1 a; invariable composition of, 2 c.
Atmospheric currents, opposite, I. 147, 2 c; di
rection of, 148, 1 a.
ATMOSPHERIC ENGINE, II. 84. Use of it in
boring tunnels, 85, 1 c : in transmitting
packages, and propelling railroad trains, 2 a.
Atmospheric line, or line of atmospheric pres
sure of the steam cylinder, XV. 350, 2 b.
Atmospheric lines of absorption, I. 38, 2 b.
Atmospheric pressure, II. 325, 1 c, ff. (BAEOM-
ETER). Units of, as a measure, XI. 120, 2 a
(MANOMETER). Practical use of: see AT
MOSPHERIC ENGINE.
Atmu, or Turn [at-moo , toom], Egyptian deity,
XII. 116, 2 ab.
ATNAHS, or Atenas, Indian tribe, II. 85.
Atnas: see ATNAHS.
ATOLL , coralline island, II. 85.
Atom : see ATOMIC THEORY. Definition of, II.
87, 1 be; XI. 583, 1 b; 715, 1 a.
Atomicity, theory of, II. 88. 1 c ; XI. 583, 2-b ;
XII. 479, 1 b. Multivalent, II. 88, 2 a; how
represented, 2 be,
Atom ic ratio, in mineralogy, XL 583, 1 c.
ATOMIC THEORY, II. 85. Atomic weights, 86,
1 b ; 87, 1 a. Atomic heat, 86, 1 b. Dai-
ton s atomic theory, IV. 305, 2 c (CHEMIS
TRY). Gay-Lussac s law of combining vol
umes, 366, 1 b.
Atomic weight, VI. 700, 2 c.
Atomis tic philosophy, V. 793, 1 b (DEMOCKI-
TUS); XIII. 437, 2 a.
At omizcr, instrument for dividing a liquid into
fine spray, I. 117, 1 a. Use of in freezing
the skin with ether, VI. 748, 2 a.
Atossa, wife of Darius Ilystaspis, V. 792, 2 c.
Atotarho, Indian sachem, XII. 632. 1 b.
ATRATO [a-tra -to], river of Colombia, II. 89.
ATREBATES [a-treb -a-teez], or Atreba tii, II. 89.
ATREUS [a -truce], legendary hero, II. 89.
Atri dce, II. 89, 2 c (ATREUS).
At riplex hortcn sis (botany), II. 501, 1 a.
A TEIUM, in Roman architecture, II. 90 ; in
ancient churches, IV. 566, 2 a.
At ropa bellaclon na (botany), II. 501, 1 a (ill.).
ATROPATE NE : see AZERBIJAN.
AT ROPHY, II. 90; of the heart, VIII. 565, 1 a.
ATRO PIA, vegetable poison, II. 90.
Atropine [at -ro-pin] : see ATROPIA.
AT ROPOS, mythical, II. 90; XIII. 73, 2 a
(PAKC.E).
ATRYPA
AUCHMUTY
59
At rypa, fossil shells, III. 177, 2 c.
ATTACHMENT, in la\v, II. 90. Foreign, 2 c, if.
Attachment of property, XIV. 849, 2 c.
Writ of attachment, XIV. 24, 2 c.
Attacus atlas (entomology), XL 807, 2 b. A.
luna and other species, 809, 1 be.
ATTAINDER, II. 91. Bill of, 2 b. Bills of pains
and penalties, ib., and 92, 1 a. In the con
stitution of the United States, VII. 317, 1 c ;
in recent English statutes, ib.
Attaint of a jury, V. 152, 1 c.
ATTAKAPAS [at-tuk -a-paw], district of Louisi
ana, II. 92.
ATTAKAPAS, Indian tribe, II. 92.
ATTALA [at-ta -la], county, II. 92.
Attale afunifera (botany), V. 338, 2 ab.
AT TALUS, Macedonian general, II. 92. Name
of three kings of Pergamus, 2 b. Flavins
Prisons, Roman emperor, 2 c; I. 238, 1 be
(ALABIC) ; XVI. 503, 2 c (WESTERN EMPIRE).
AT TAMAX, title, II. 93.
AT TAR OF ROSES, II. 93.
Attem perator, in brewing, III. 201, 1 b.
Attenuation, in brewing, III. 201, 1 c.
AT TERBOM, Peter Daniel Amadeus, Swedish
poet, II. 93.
ATTERBURY, Francis [at -ter-ber-re], theologian
and politician, II. 93. Controversy with
Bentley, 540, 2 b.
AT TICA, II. 94. Ancient inhabitants, 2 a ;
classification of, ib.
" Attic Bee," title applied to Urban VIIL,
XVI. 222, 1 c.
Attic dialect, VIIL 208, 1 a.
AT TICUS, Titus Pomponius, Roman knight, II.
94.
ATTICUS UERO DES, Tiberius Claudius, II. 95.
ATTIKAMEGUES, or Whitefish Indians, II. 95.
AT TILA, II. 95. u Scourge of God," 1 c. In
vasion of the Roman empires, I. 155, 2 ab.
Supposed death by treachery, 2 c. See X.
345, 2 be (LEO I.).
Attilia tor lallista rum, a mediceval English
officer, IT. 245, 1 c.
ATTIRET, Jean Denis [a-te-rft], French Jesuit
and painter. II. 95.
Attius [at -te-us], Roman poet, X. 193, 2 b;
194, 2 a.
ATTIWAN DARONK, tribe of Indians, II. 90.
ATTLEBOROUGH, township, II. 90.
ATTOCK , or Atak, town of India, II. 90 (ill.).
ATTORNEY : see LAWYER, X. 237, 1 a, 2 a. At
torney and counsellor in the United States,
2 a. Relation of attorney and client, 238, 1 a.
ATTORNEY GENERAL, law officer of state, II.
90. In England, 1 c. In the United States,
2 a. Department of justice, 97, 1 a. Duties
of the attorney general, 1 b.
ATTORNEY, Power of, II. 97. Constituent or
principal, 1 c. Attorney in fact, il>.
ATTRACTION : see ADHESION, COHESION, GRAV
ITY, and MAGNETISM.
Attrition, in Roman Catholic doctrine, XIV.
393, 2 a.
AT TUCKS, Crispus, a victim of the " Boston
massacre," II. 98, 1 c.
ATTWOOD, Thomas, composer, II. 98.
Attys : see ATYS.
Atwootfs machine, for measuring the velocity
of falling bodies, XL 320, 1 c (ill.).
A TYS, or Attys, in mythology, II. 98.
A U., abbreviation, XII. 535, 2 b.
AUBAGNE [o-bany J, town of France, II. 98.
AUBAINE, Right of [o-bain J, II. 98. See ALIEN,
I. 313, 1 a.
AUBE [oab], department of France, II. 98.
River, 2 c.
AUBENAS [oab-na], town of France, II. 98.
AUBER, Daniel Francois Esprit [o-bair], com
poser, II. 98.
AUBERT, Constance [o-bair] : sec ABRANTES, I.
32, 2 a. Louis,- ib.
ATJBERVILLIERS [o-bair-ve-lya], a village of
France, II. 99.
Aubigne, Constant d} [do-be-nya], father of
Mine, de Maintenon, XL 39, 1 c, 2 a.
AUBIGNE, J. II. Merle d : see MERLE D Au-
BIGNE.
AUBIGNE, Theodore Agrippa d , Protestant sol
dier and historian, II. 99.
ATJBIN [o-ba ng ], town of France, IT. 99.
AUBLET, Jean Baptiste Christophe Fusee
[o-bla], botanist, II. 99.
AU BURN, city of New York, II. 99. State
prison, 100, 1 a (ill.). State asylum for in
sane criminals, 1 c.
AUBUSSON [o-bu-so ng ], town of France, II.
100.
Ausrssox, Pierre d [do-bu-so ng ], grand master
of the hospitallers, II. 100.
Arcn [oash], city of France, II. 101.
Auchenia [aw-ke -ne-a], (zoology), X. 552, 2 b.
A. lama, 553, 1 a (ill.). See ALPACA.
AUCIIMUTY, Robert [ok -moo-te], American
lawyer, IT. 101. Robert, his son, loyalist
advocate and judge of Boston, 1 b. Samuel,
loyalist clergyman of New York, 1 c. Sir
Samuel, British general, 2 a.
60
AUCKLAND
AUGUSTA
AUCK LAND, William Eden, baron, II. 101.
George Eden, earl of, 2 c.
AUCKLAND, province of New Zealand, II. 101.
Capital city, 2 c; view, 102.
AUCKLAND ISLANDS, II. 102.
AUCTION, II. 102. Dutch auction, 2 b. Auctio
sub hasta, 2 c. Sales by the candle (or by
the inch of candle), ib. (see FUR, VII. 535,
2 a). Candlestick biddings, il>. Dumb bid-
ings, 103, 1 a.
AUDE [oad], department of France, II. 103.
Wines of, VII. 411, 2 b.
AUDEBERT, Jean Baptiste [oad-bair], painter
and naturalist, II. 103.
Audenarde [Fr. o-den-ard] : see OUDENARDE.
Audhum la [properly, ow-Aum/-la], in Scandi
navian mythology, XII. 119, 2 b.
Audien tes, in ancient churches, IV. 566, 2 ab.
Audiffret-Pasquier, Gaston d 1 [do-de-fra-pas-
kyaj, duke, XIII. 147, 2 c.
Audito rium prin cipis, in Roman judicature,
IV. 020, 2 c. Its decreta and rescripta, ib.
Au ditory apparatus, VI. 351 (ill.).
Auditory nerve fibrils, XV. 180, 2 a and c.
ATTD LEY, Thomas, lord, II. 103.
AUDOUARD, Olympe [o-dwar], traveller and
writer, II. 103.
AUDOUIN, Jean Victor [o-d\vu ng ], entomologist,
II. 103.
AUDRAIN , county, II. 104.
AIJDRAN [o-dra" g ], family of French engravers,
II. 104.
AU DUBON, county, II. 104.
AUDIJBON, John James [Fr. o-du-bo nfr ], Ameri
can ornithologist, II. 104. Victor Gifford
and John Woodhouse, his sons, 105, 1 a.
Mrs. Audubon, ib.
AUENBRUGGER VON AuENBRUG, LeOpoM [ow -
en-broog-ger fon ow -en-broog], German
physician, inventor of percussion, II. 105.
AUERBACII, Berthold [ow -er-ba k h], author, II.
105.
AUERBACH, Heinrich, medical professor and
senator, II. 105.
Auerbaehshof, and Auerbach s cellar, II. 105,
2 be ( AUERBACII, Heinrich), and X. 328, 1 c.
AUERSPERG, Anton Alexander, count [ow -ers-
pairg], II. 105. (Died 1876.)
AUERSPERG, Carlos, prince, II. 106.
AUERSTADT [ow -cr-stet], village of Thuringia,
II. 100.
Auerstadt, duke of, V. 718, 1 c.
Au gean stables, cleansing of the, II. 106, 1 c
(AUGEAS) ; VIII. 679, 2 a (HERCULES).
AU GEAS, or Augias, mythical, II. 106.
Auger [aw -gher], varieties of the, III. 99, 1 a
(ills.).
AUGEREAU, Pierre Francois Charles [o-zhtih-
ro or oazh-ro], duke of Castiglione, II. IOC.
AugJirim : see AGIIRIM.
Augias : see AUGEAS.
Augia sinensis, source of Chinese lac, II. 249, 2 c.
AUGIER, Guillaume Victor Emile [o-zhe-a],
dramatist, II. 106.
AU GITE, mineral, II. 107.
AUGLAIZE [o-glaiz J, county, II. 107.
AUGS BURG [Ger. ow k hs -boorg], city of Bava
ria, II. 107 (view).
Augsburg, diet of, II. 108, 1 b ; XIV. 240, 1 a.
Augsburg, league of, against France, VII. 383,
2 be.
Augsburg, peace of, XV. 708, 2 c : XIV. 240,
1 b.
AUGSBURG CONFESSION, II. 108. Alluded to,
107, 2 c ; X. 728, 1 c, and 731, 1 b, ff.
AU GUR, Hezekiah, American sculptor, II. 108.
AUGURS, Roman diviners, II. 108.
AUGUST, month, II. 109.
AUGUST FRIEDRICH EBERIIARD [ow -goost fre -
dri c h a -ber-hart], prince of Wiirteinberg,
II. 109.
AUGUST WILHELM [vil -helm], prince of Prus
sia, II. 109.
ATJGUS TA, county, IT. 109.
AUGUSTA, city of Maine, II. 109.
AUGUSTA, city of Georgia, II. 110.
Augusta: see AGOSTA.
Augusta, ancient name of London, X. 618, 2 c.
AUGUSTA, John, Bohemian theologian, II. 100.
AUGUSTA, Maria Louisa Catharine, queen and
empress, II. 111.
Augusta Antonina, name given to Byzantium,
III. 519, 2 c.
AUGUSTA HISTOEIA, collection of Roman bi
ography, II. 111.
AUGUSTAN AGE, of Roman literature, II. Ill;
115, 2 c; X. 195, 1 c. French, II. Ill, 1 c;
English, ib., and VI. 639, 1 c.
Augusta Ncm etum, an ancient name of Spire,
XV. 275, 1 c.
Augusta Prceto ria : see AOSTA.
Augusta Sucssio num: see SOISSONS.
Augusta Taurinorum, ancient name of Turin,
XVI. 54, 1 b.
Augusta Trevirorum, ancient name of Treves.
XV. 861, 2 c.
Augusta Vermanduorum, ancient name of St.
Quentin, France, XIV. 553, 2 c.
AUGUSTA
AURORA
61
Augusta Vindelicorum, ancient name of Augs
burg, II. 107, 2 a.
AUGUSTENBURG [ow-goos -ten-boorg], Danisli
(now German) village, II. 111. Dukes of, 1 c.
Augusteum, of Leipsic university, X. 329, 1 a.
AUGUSTI, Johann Christian AVilhelm [ow-goos -
tc], German theologian, II. ,111.
AUGUS TIN, or Austin, Saint, archbishop of
Canterbury, II. 111. Sent to convert the
Anglo-Saxons, 2 c, and I. 500, 1 be. Sec
more fully, ETIIELBERT, king of Kent, VI.
744.
AUGUSTINE [aw -gus-tine, or aw-gus -tin],
(Aurelius Augustinus), Saint, II. 112. As
a writer, X. 200, 2 a. On miracles, XI.
625, 1 b. His monastic life, 720, 2 b. Her
mits of Augustine, -ib. Alleged views of
evolution, VII. 10, 1 c. Assertion that deaf
ness makes religious faith impossible, V. 730,
1 c. See XI. 810, 2 b; XIII. 439. 1 be,
Augustin ian canons, II. 113, 2 c; XL 729, 2 b.
Augustinian order, XL 729, 2 b.
AUGUSTINIANS (Hermits of St. Augustine), II.
113; XL 730, 1 be.
August ol) o na, an ancient name of Troyes, XVI.
12, 2 a.
Augustodu num: see AUTUN. Destruction of
by the Ragaudcc, II. 214, 2 c.
A ugustom agus : see SENLIS.
Augustonem etum, an ancient name of Cler
mont-Ferrand, IV. 073, 1 c.
AUGUSTOWO [ow-goos-to -vo], a former govern
ment of Poland, II. 113. City, 2 c. Canal
of, 114, 1 a.
AUGUS TCLUS, Romulus, last Roman emperor
of the West, II. 114.
AUGUSTUS, Cains Julius Caesar Octavianus, first
emperor of Rome, II. 114. His triumvirate
with Antony and Lepidus, 2 ab ; I. 576, 1
c; X. 300, 2 c; XV. 876, 1 be (TRIUMVI
RATE). His patronage of Horace, VIII. 815,
2 b; of Virgil, XVI. 370, 1 be and 2 ab.
Political testament of (monument of Ancy-
ra), XIII. 310, 2 b (see ANCYRA).
AUGUSTUS I. (as king, Augustus TL), Frederick,
the Strong, II. 116; X. 42, 1 c. Surrender
of Patkul, XIII. 165, 2 c. Augustus II.
(III.), Frederick, II. lift, 1 c.
AUGUSTUS FREDERICK, prince of Great Britain
and Ireland, II. 116.
AUK, II. 116. Great auk, 2 c (ill.). Black-
billed auk, 117, 1 c. Labrador auk, 2 a.
Little auk, 2 b. Paroquet auk, 2 be. Horn-
billed auk, VIII. 310, 1 c.
ATT LAF, or Anlaf, name of Northumbrian
kings, II. 117.
Aula regis, V. 147, 2 be (COMMON LAW).
"Auld Lang Syne," allusion to original of,
II. 171, 1 c.
AULIO COUNCIL, a tribunal of thu German em
pire, II. 118.
i AUI.IS, town of Hellas, II. 118.
Aullagas [ow-lya -gassj, lake of Bolivia, III.
13, 1 a.
AULNAY DE CIIARNISE, Charles do Mcnou, sei
gneur d [do-na dub shar-ne -za], French
proprietor, II. 118.
Aulon: see AVLONA.
AUMALE [o-inal], town of France, II. 118.
Dukes of, 2 b, c.
AUNGERVYLE, Richard [awn -jer-vil], English
statesman and bibliographer, II. 119.
Au ra epilep tica, VI. 683, 2 a (EPILEPSY).
! Aurani tis, II. 359, 2 b (BASIIAN).
Aura TitoJlis, a generating spirit, VIII. 624, 2 c.
Aure lia, chrysalis, IV. 500, 2 be.
Aurelia, jelly fish, IX. 601, 1 c (ills.).
AUEELIAN, Lucius Domit uis Aurelianns, Roman
emperor, II. 119.
Aurelian um: see ORLEANS, France.
Aurelianum Allol rogum, ancient name of Ge
neva, VII. 070, 1 b.
AURELIUS, Marcus : see ANTONINUS.
AURELLE DE PALADINES [o-rcl (lull pill-a-decn],
French soldier, II. 119. (Died 1877.)
AURICII [ow -ri c h], town of Germany, II. 120.
Au ricle, instrument to aid hearing, VI. 372,
1 ab.
Auricles of the heart, VIII. 557. 1 b ; 558, 2 ab.
Auric ula (botany), XIII. 837, 2 c.
| Auriculo-ventricular orifice (anatomy), VIII.
557, 1 be.
I AU RIFABER [Ger. ow -re-fa-ber], companion of
Luther, II. 120.
! Aitr if/era [aw-rij -e-ra], ancient name of the
river A r it-go, I. 702, 1 b.
j AURILLAC [o-ro-lyuk], town of France, IT. 120.
AURIOL [o-re-nl], French borough, II. 120.
AURIVILLIUS, Karl [ow-re-vil -le-oos], oriental
ist, II. 120.
AUROCHS [owr -ox], (zoology), IT. 120 (ill.);
XIV. 468, 2 be.
AURO RA, in mythology, IT. 120.
AURORA, city of Illinois, II. 121.
Aurora, newspaper organ of the opposition to
President Adams, I. 93, 1 c.
Aurora association (of Swedish students), II.
93, 1 c.
AURORA
AUTOLITHOGRAPHIC
AURORA BOREA LIS, II. 121. Humboldt s de
scription of, 1 b. Auroral action as affected
by latitude and longitude, 2 a ; by the mag
netic poles, 2 b. Appearance of, 2 c. Height
of auroral arch, It2, 1 be. Extent of visi
bility, 2 a. Variations in frequency and
splendor, 2 be. Solar spots and magnetic
disturbances, 123, 1 a. Table of auroras seen
in each month, 1 be. Electrical character
of, 1 c ; VII. 200, 2 c. Spectrum of, II. 124,
1 a. Supposed connection with the zodiacal
light, 2 a. Origin of aurora, Olmsted s the
ory, 2 be.
Aurora community, XV. 140, 2 ab.
Au rum mosa icum or mu sivum, for bronzing,
III. 315, 2 ab ; XV. 700, 1 a.
Aiirum potab ile, in alchemy, VIII. 85, 1 c.
AURUXGABAD , city of Hindostan, II. 124.
AITRUNGZEBE , or Aurungzeb, Mogul emperor,
II. 125 ; IX. 209, 1 a. Mosque of, in Aurun-
gabad, II. 125 (ill.); in Benares, 515, 1 a.
AUSCHWITZ [ow -shwits], town of Austria, II.
125.
Ausculta Dei, papal bull, III. 66, 1 c.
AUSCULTATION, medical, II. 125.
Auson, mythical, II. 120, 1 c (AusoxEs).
AUSOXES [a\v -so-necz], ancient tribe of Italy,
II. 126.
Amo nia, II. 120, 1 c (AusoxEs); IX. 440, 1 ab.
Ausoxirs, Decimns Magnus, Latin poet and
grammarian. II. 126.
AUSSIG [ow -si hj, town of Bohemia, II. 126.
AUS TEX, Jane, English novelist, II. 126.
Austerities, religious, and their physical ef
fects, II. 5T3, 1 b, c.
AUS TEELITZ [Ger. owce -tev-lits], town of Mo
ravia, II. 126. Battle of, 2 c, and III. 42, 1 b.
AUSTIN, county, II. 127.
AUSTIN, city of Texas, II. 127.
AUSTIN, Jonathan Loring, revolutionary pa- j
triot, II. 127.
AUSTIN, Moses, American pioneer, II. 127.
Lead mining, il)., and X. 253, 2 b.
Austin, Saint, apostle of the English : see Au-
GUSTIX.
AUSTIN, Samuel, D. D., American clergyman,
II. 127.
AUSTIN, Sarah, English authoress, II. 127.
AUSTIN, Stephen F., founder of the first Amer
ican colony in Texas, II. 127.
AUSTIN, William (Billy), reputed natural son of
Queen Caroline, II. 128.
AUSTRALA SIA, K. 128.
Australenc, oil, XVI. 78, 1 ab.
AUSTRALIA, II. 128. (Map.) Coasts, 2 a. Sur
face, 120, 1 a. Rivers, 2 b. Lakes, 130, 1 a.
Geology, 1 ab. Minerals, 1 b; 131, 1 c. Cli
mate, 130, 1 c. Fauna, 2 ab. Flora, 131,
1 a. Aborigines, 2 c (ill., 132); aboriginal
shelters (ill.), 132. Political divisions, 2 be.
Religion, 133^ 1 a. Education, 1 b. Fi
nances, 1 c. Commerce, 2 a. Intercommu
nication, 2 b. Governments, 2 c. History,
il).\ discovery of gold, 134, 2 be. Sheep
raising, 135, 1 a. Recent progress, ib.
Australia del Espiritu Santo, island, XII.
301, 2 be.
Australian currents, IX. 244, 2 b.
Australian mart and woman (ill.), II, 132.
AUSTRALIA, a kingdom of the Franks, II. 135.
Austraterebenthene, oil, XVI. 78, 1 ab.
AUS TRIA, empire of, II. 185. (Map.) Con
stituent parts, 2 a. Topography, 136, 1 b.
Hydrography, 2 a. Climate, 2 c. Produc
tions, il). Population, 137, 2 b; nationali
ties, 2 c ; languages, 138, 1 a. Religion. 1 b.
Education, 2 a. The press, 130, 1 a. Chari
table institutions, 1 b. Mining products, 1 c.
Agriculture, 2 a. Manufactures, 140, 1 a.
Commerce, 1 c. Government, 141, 2 b. Fi
nances, 142, 2 b. Army, 143, 1 b. History, 2 a.
AUSTRIA, archduchy of, II. 154.
Austrian Lloyd, joint-stock company. II. 141,
la; X. 555, 2 b.
Austrian- succession, war of the, I. 224, 1 c;
II. 144, 2 c. Course taken by Frederick the
Great, VII. 455, 2 c, ff. England s support
of Austria, 705, 2 be.
AusTRO-HuxGAEiAx MONARCHY : see AUSTRIA.
AuswandererJiaus[o wee - van-der-er-hou.se], for
emigrants, III. 240, 2 c (BREMEEIIAFEX).
AUTAU GA, county, II. 154.
Autheri tica, IV. 625, 1 b. See AUTITEXTICS.
AUTIIEXTICS, II. 154. Latin translation of Jus
tinian s Novella, 2 b. Extracts of its decis
ions, ib. Issued by Frederick II. and III., ib.
Authentic week (Holy Week), VIII. 776, 1 b.
Autillo [ow-te -lyo], act of the inquisition held
within the palace, IX. 205. 1 a.
AUTO DA FE [ow -to da fa|, II. 154. Proper
meaning of the phrase, il)., and IX. 294, 2 c.
The first auto da fe, IX. 204, 2 b. Different
classes of imtos, 295, 1 a. Proceedings of
the auto publico general, 1 ab.
Autogenous elements [au-toj -e-nus], (anatomy),
XIII. 424, 2 c.
AutolitltograpJiic or transfer paper, X. 527,
2 ab, and 526, 2 c.
AUTOLYCUS
AVICEXXA
AUTOL YCUS, a Greek legendary thief and liar,
II. 154. Greek mathematician, 2 c.
Automatic planetarium, invention of, IX. 98,
1 be.
AUTOM ATOX, II. 155. Ancient and mediaeval
automata, 1 a. Vaucanson s, 1 c. Droz s,
Malzel s, &( ., 2 b. Kempelen s pretended
automaton chess player, 2 c : see KEMPELEX.
Recent automata, 15G, 1 a.
Automaton speaker, Kempelen s, IX. 780, 1 ab.
AU TOPLASTY, in surgery, If. 15G.
Autositaircs [o-to-ze-tair], class of monsters,
XL 705, 1 c.
Autosites [o-to-zeet], monsters, XL 704, 2 c.
Autrenauray [o-tril no-raj, device of the order
of the Golden Fleece, VIII. 89, 2 a.
Au tricum, ancient name of Chartres, IV. 325,
1 b.
Autro nius, conspirator, IV. 120, 2 a.
AU TUMX, third season of the year, II. 150.
Autumnal catarrh: see HAY COLD.
Autumnal marrow, XV. 293, 2 c (SQUASH).
AUTUX [o-tu ng ], town of France, II. 150.
Au tunite, mineral, XVI. 220, 1 b (URANIUM).
Auvergnats [o-vair-nya], natives of Auvergne,
II. 157, 1 c; III. 724, 2 ab.
AUVEEGXE [o-vairny J, province of France, II.
157.
Auvergne, La Tour d\ family, III. 151, 2 a.
Philip d Auvergne, prince of Bouillon, ib.
Aux GATES [o ka], to\vn of Ilayti, II. 157.
AUXERRE [o-sfiir], city of France, II. 157.
Auxerrois [o-sair-wa] : see AUXERRE.
Aux is vulga ris (ichthyology), III. 08, 1 c (ill.).
AUXOXXE [o-sun], town of France, II. 157.
Aux Plaines [o plain]: soe DES PLAIXES.
Auxu me: see AXUM.
AUZOUT, Adrien [o-zoo], French mathemati
cian and astronomer, II. 157.
Auzoux, Theodore Louis [o-zoo], French physi
cian and anatomist, II. 157. See AXATOMI-
CAL PREPARATIONS, I. 459, 2 c, 400, 1 a.
AVA [a -va], city of Burmah, II. 158.
AVA, Kingdom of: see BURMAII.
Am, plant, XIV. 591, 2 a.
AV ALAXCIIE, II. 158.
Aval islands: soe BAIIREIX ISLAXDS.
AVALLOX [a-val I6 n *], town of France, II. 158.
AVALOS, Ferdinando Francesco d [da-va -loce],
marquis of Pescarn, IF. 158.
Avar icum, ancient name of Bourges, III. 159,
2 a.
AVAR IS, II. 158. See EGYPT, VI. 400, 2 b.
A VARS, Turanian tribe, II. 158.
AVATAR , of Hindoo divinities, II. 159 ; IX.
228, 1 c.
AVATCII A, Mount, II. 159.
AVE BURT, village of England, II. 159.
AVEIRO [a-vii -e-ro], town of Portugal, II. 159.
AveJcvom, African tribe, X. 57, 1 ab.
AVELLAXEDA, Alonso Fernando de [a-vii-lya-
na -Ma], II. 159. See CERVANTES, IV. 213,
2 ab.
AYELLAXEDA, Gertrudis Gomes de, Spanish
poetess, II. 159.
AVELLIXO [a-vel-le -no], town of Italy, II. 100.
Province : see PRIXCIPATO ULTERIORE.
AVE MARIA [a -ve ma-rO -aJ, II. 100; XL 218,
1 ab (MARY); XIV. 432, 1 a (ROSARY).
Ave na (botany), XII. 500, 2 c (OAT), and VIII.
108, 1 c (GRASSES). A. clatior, VIII. 108,
1 c, and XII. 502, 1 a. A. sativa, 500, 2 c.
A. nuda, 501, 1 c. A. fatua, 2 a (ill.). A.
sterilis (hygrometric), 2 c. Other species.
AVEXBRUGGER, Leopold : see AIJEXBRUGGER.
Avencebrol: see SOLOMON BEX GABIROL.
Av cnel, white lady of, referred to, VII. 04,
Ib.
Avenger of Hood, in the Mosaic law, III. 754,
2 be.
Ave nio : see AVTGXOX.
Av entine hill (Mons Aventinus) : see ROME,
XIV. 409, 1 b ; 410, 2 a.
AVEXTI XUS, Mons (Avontinc hill) : see ROME,
XIV. 409, 1 b; 410, 2 a.
AVEXTURIXE [a-ven -tu-rin], mineral, II. 100.
Artificial glass, 1 be.
AVEXZO AR (Ibn Zolir), Abu Merwan, Arabian
physician, II. 100.
AV ERAGE, gcner.-il, II. 100. Particular, 101,
1 b. Petty, ib. ; 040, 1 c.
AVERXO [a-vair -no], lake, II. 101.
Avernu8 : see AVERXO.
AVERROES, or Averrhoe s [u-ver -ro-ez], (Ibn
Roshd), Arabian philosopher, II. 101.
Averroists: sec AVERROES, II. 101, 2 b.
A VERSA [a-vair -sa], town of Italy, II. 101.
A ves : see BIRDS.
AVESXES [a-vain], town of France, II. 161.
Aves ta: see ZEND-AVESTA.
AVEYROX [a-va-ro ng ], department of France, II.
102. River, 1 a.
AVEZAC : see D AVEZAC.
Avezac, M. d? [da-vuh-zjik], on the date of Se
bastian Cabot s map, III. 530, 1 a.
AVICEB RON : see SOLOMON BEX GABIROL.
AVICEN NA (Ibri Sina), Arabian physician and
philosopher, II. 102. His work on arithme-
AVICIDA
AZARA
tie, I. 70S, 1 a. His classification of minerals,
XI. 589, 1 a. His tomb, VIII. 408, 1 c.
Avicida [a-vis -e-da], (ornithology), X. 19, 2 c.
Avidlits Cassius, a llomaii usurper, T. 574, 2 c.
AVIGLIANO [a-ve-lya -no], town of Italy, II.
102.
AVIGNON [a-ve-nyo" 8 ], town of France, II. 162
(ill.).
AVILA [;Y-vc-Ia], province of Spain, II. 163.
Capital city, 1 c.
AVLO NA, town of Albania, II. 160.
AV OCET, bird, II. 168 (ill.).
Aco ha, tree, X. 810, 1 be.
Avoidance and confession, in law, XIII. 607, 2 b.
AVOIRDUPOIS [av-er-du-poiz j, standard of
weight, II. 163.
AVO LA, town of Sicily, II. 164.
A VON, name of several rivers, II. 164.
Arondale disaster, V. 70, 2 be (COLLIERY).
Avox SPRINGS, New York, II. 164.
Aroset : see AVOCET.
Ar.ow ant, XIV. 272, 2 c (REPLEVIN).
Aroicry, to make, XIV. 273, 1 b ( REPLEVIN).
AVOYELLES [a-voi-elz ; Fr. a-vwa-yel], parish
of Louisiana, II. 164.
AVRANCIIES [a-vra ng sh], town of France, II.
164.
Aica*h , XV. 743, 2 c (TIDES).
AWE, Loc-h [aw], lake, II. 164.
Aid, a tool, III. 98, 2b(ill.).
Aicn, in grasses, VIII. 166, 2 a.
Ax, town of France, II. 164.
AXAYACATL , Mexican emperor, II. 164. Pal
ace and treasures of, 2 c.
AXE, an instrument, II. 165.
AXEL : see ABSALON.
Axel/nut* [ax -el-hoos], Danish fort, I. 33, 2 b.
Axes of crystals, XI. 586, 2 a (MINERALOGY).
See CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.
Ax illci.rics (feathers), VII. 105, 2 c.
AXIM [ax-eem j, African town, II. 165; I. 210,
2 be; VIII. 87, 2 b.
AX INITE, mineral, II. 165.
Axin omancy, VI. 153, 2 c (DIVINATION).
Axis (zoology), V. 757, 2 c. A. maculata,
spotted axis, 758. 2 ab (ill.). See BUCK, III.
385, 1 b.
Axis cylinder of the brain. III. 186, 2 c ; of
nerves, XII. 232, 1 c.
AXLE, of wheel carriages, II. 165.
AX MINSTER, town of England, II. 166. Ax-
minster carpets, 1 c ; IV. 20, 1 a.
AXOLOTI/, reptile, II. 166 (ill.).
A. room ,: see AXUM.
AXUM [ax-oom J, city of Abyssinia, II. 167.
Royal seat, 1 c (ill.). Obelisk of Axum, 2 a
(ill.). Kingdom of, 1 c, and I. 45, 2 be.
Chronicles of, I. 48, 1 b. Made a metro
politan see, 1 c.
Axum Thion, Abyssinian convent, I. 49, 1 a.
AYACUCHO [a-ya-koo -cho], department of Peru,
II. 167. Battle of, H .8, 1 a. Capital, 1 b.
Ayala,Balthasar,Qnt\\&\A\\ of war, X.222, 2 ab.
AYALA, Pedro Lopez cle [a-ya -la], poet, II. 16S.
AYAMONTE [a-ya-mone -ta], city of Spain. 11.
168.
AYASALOOK, or Aiasaluk [I-ya-sa-look j : see
EPHESUS.
Ayats [u-yats J, verses of the Koran, X. 44, 2 c.
AYE- AYE [I -I], animal, II. 168 (ill.).
AYESHA, or Aisha [a -ye-sha, I -slia], favorite
wife of Mohammed, II. 168; XII. 728, 2 c;
I. 41, 1 c (ABUBEKR).
AYLESBURY [ailz -bSr-e], town of England, II.
169.
AYI/MER, John, bishop of London, II. 169.
AYMARAS [i-rua-ras J, a Peruvian race, II. 169
(ill.) ; III. 10, 2 b. Referred to, XIV. 150,
1 b.
AYMAR - VERNAY, Jacques [a-mar-vair-na],
French impostor, IT. 169.
Ayinbores [ime-bo-race ], Indians, III. 140, 2 a.
AYR, town of Scotland, II. 170. Brigs of Ayr,
1 b (ill.). Burns s cottage. 2 c (ill.).
AYRER, Jakob [I -rer], German poet, II. 170.
AYP/SIIIRE, county of Scotland, II. 170.
Ayrshire breed of cattle, IV. 130, 2 c, Dolly
Ayrshire cow (ill.), 131, 1 a.
AYS CUE, Sir George, English admiral. II. 171.
Ay thy a Vallisne ria (ornithology), III. 732, 2 c
(ill., 733). A. Americana, il>., and VI. 290, 1 a.
AY TON, Sir Robert, poet, IT 171.
Aytoun, Sir Robert [a -toon]: see AYTON.
AYTOUN, William Edmondstonne, poet. II. 171.
Ayu [a-yoo j, (zoology), amphibious animal, I.
81, 2 b.
AYUNTAMIENTO [a-yoon-ta-me-ain -to], name
of village and town councils, II. 171.
Ayutla [a-yoot -la], plan or revolution of, I.
372, 2 a; V. 171, 2 c; XIV. 617, 1 a.
Azaina, tree, X. 810, 1 c.
AZA IS, Pierre Hyacinthe [a-zice], philosopher,
IT 172.
AZA LEA (botany), II. 172. A. viscosa (ill.)
and other species.
Aza ni: see AIZANI.
AZARA, Felix de [a-thiV-ra], naturalist, IT 173.
Jose Nicolas de, ambassador and writer, 1 c.
AZARIAII
BABEUVISTS
65
AZARI AII, Hebrew name, II. 173. King, 1 c,
and VIII. 588, 2 c.
Azari as, II. 173, 2 a.
Az azel, an angel in the Mohammedan system,
XL 697, 2 c.
AZEOLIO, Massimo Taparelli, marquis d [da-za -
lyo], Italian statesman, II. 173. Luigi, Jes
uit, 174, 1 a. Roberto, writer on art, 1 ab.
Vittorio Emmanuele Taparelli, marquis d ,
artist, 1 b.
Azerbaijan [a-zer-bi-jan J : see AZERBLJAN.
AZERBIJAN , province of Persia, II. 174.
Azerkh-Amen, Ethiopian king, VI. 749, 2 ab.
AZEVEDO COUTIXIIO, Joze Joaquim da Cunha
[a-za-va -do ko-te -nyo], bishop, II. 174.
AZEVEDO Y ZUNIGA, Gaspard de [a-tha-va -^o
e thoo -nye-ga], Spanish viceroy, II. 174.
Az imuth, correction of error in, XV. 844, 2 c.
Adjustment of a transit instrument to it,
845, 2 b. Azimuth circle, XII. 56G, 1 c.
Azincourt : see AGINCOURT.
Aziz [fi-zeez j, Fatimite caliph, VII. 94, 2 a.
AZKAR TUARIK : S66 TlJARIKS.
AZOF : see Azov.
Azo io AGE (geology), II. 174.
Azoic rocks, VII. 694, 1 a.
AZORES , or Western Islands, II. 174.
AZOTE : see NITROGEN, XII. 466, 2 c.
Azoth, X. 846, 2 a (MAGIC).
Az otized tissues, XII. 467, 1 be.
Azo tus : see ASIIDOD.
Az ov, or Azof, town and fortress, II. 175.
Azov, or Azof, Sea of, II. 175.
Az rael, angel of death in the Mohammedan
system, XI. 697, 2 c.
AZ TECS, II. 175 (ill., Aztec warriors) ; I. 392,
1 c ; XL 472, 2 a ; 482, 2 be. Their cur
rency, XL 467, 1 c. Their degeneracy re
ferred to, VII. 614, 2 ab.
j Aztlan , II. 175, 1 c; 2 c-176, 1 a (AZTECS)..
Azuay : see ASUAY.
AZUEARA, Gomez Eannes de [a-zoo-ra -ra],
Portuguese historian, II. 177.
Azure, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a, b.
Azurine [azh -u-rin], color, VI. 343, 1 c.
Az urite, V. 319, 1 c (COPPER).
Azy gos u vulce, XII. 817, 2 b (PALATE).
AZ YMITES, polemical term, II. 177.
Azymo tics (remedies), III. 769, 1 c.
Azyr, Vicq d" 1 : see VICQ D AZYR.
Azzolini, Cardinal [at-so-le -ne], IV. 550, 1
a, b.
B
, IN I VKIJMTV <
rALll- OKM.
B, a letter, II. 177. Varieties of pronuncia- I
tion, 1 be. In the calendar, 2 ab. In the
musical scale, ib. As a numeral, 2 b.
La, M, M, Id, meaning of in Anamitic, IX. !
253, 2 be.
BAADER, Franz Xaver von [ba -dcr], German
mystic, II. 177.
BA AL, Semitic divinity, II. 177 (ill.). With
adjuncts, 2 a. Chief deity of the Phoeni
cians, 178, 1 a. In composition, 2 a. Spread j
of the name, ib. Seats of his worship, IV. j
37, 2 c; XII. 117, 2 a, if. See BEL and BE- i
LUS (Index).
BAALBEK [bal -bek], II. 178. Ruins of (ill.), ib.
Temple of Jupiter, 179, 1 a (ill.) ; piece of j
fallen ceiling in do. (ill.), ib.
Da al-le rith (Covenant Baal), II. 178, 1 a.
Baal-Hamman (Cronos), IV. 37, 2 b.
Baal-Melkart, patron of Tyre, XII. 118, 1 c.
Baal-peor (Priapus), II. 177, 2 c.
Baal-Samin, lord of the heavens, XII. 117, 2 b.
Baal-Saturn, temple of, IV. 38, 1 a.
Baaltis, goddess, XII. 109, 2 a ; 117, 2 be.
5
Baal-zebul, fly god, II. 177, 2 c. See BEELZEBUB.
Baal-zephon, VII. 29, 2 a (Exoous).
BAAN, Jan van [ban], Dutch painter, II. 179.
Baastaards [bas -tards] : see GRIQUAS.
Bdba [ba -ba], (the saint), II. 179, 2 c.
BABADAGII [ba-ba-dag 7 ], town, II. 179.
BAB BAGE, Charles, English mathematician,
II. 180. His calculating machine, III. 569,
1 c. His tables. X. 578, 1 c.
BABCOCK, Rufus, D. D., American clergyman,
II. 180.
Bfi b-ed-Din [bab-ed-deen ], founder of Babism,
II. 182, 2 b.
BA BEL, II. 180; XII. 117, 1 b.
BAB-EL-MAN DEB, strait, II. 181.
BABER, Zahir ed-Din Mohammed [ba -ber], Mo
gul emperor, II. 181 ; IX. 208, 1 c.
Babet [ba-ba], allusion to the story of, III. 161,
1 b.
BABETJF, or Babceuf, Francois Noel [ba-bftf],
French revolutionist, II. 182 : XV. 140, 2 b.
Hafieuvists [ba-bu -vists] : see Babouvwtes (In
dex).
BABIL
BACKGAMMON
Babil [ba-beel J, ruins, II. 186, 1 b (ill.).
BABIMET, Jacques [ba-be-na], Frencb physicist,
II. 182.
BAB INGTON, Anthony, English conspirator, II.
182 ; VI. 533, 2 be; XL 235, 2 a.
BABINGTON, William, English physician, II. 182.
Babirusa [ba-be-roo -sa] : see BABYROUSSA.
Babis [ba -beezj an&Babists: see BABISM, II.
183, 1 a, c, and XIII. 320, 1 ab.
BAB ISM, Mohammedan heresy, II. 182. Babist
doctrine, 183, 1 b.
BABO, Franz Marius von [ba -bo], German dram
atist, II. 183.
Babauf: see BABEUF,
Babolo, sea worm, VII. 101, 2 a.
BABOON , II. 183. Chacma, or pig-faced ba
boon, 2 c (ill.). Dog-faced baboon, 184, 1 b
(ill.); I. 168, 2 a. Guinea baboon, II. 184,
1 b. Little baboon, 2 a (ill.). Ribbed-nose
baboon, or mandrill, 2 c (ill.). Drill, ib. (ill.,
185). Gelada, 185, 1 c (ill.).
Baboos , Hindoo brokers, III. 573, 1 c.
Babouvistes [Fr. ba-boo-veest], followers of Ba-
beuf, II. 182, 1 a; XV. 140, 2 c (Babeuvists).
Babu Keshab Chander Sen, head of the sect of
the Brahm6-Samaj, IX. 231, 1 be,
Babul tree, IX. 203, 2 ab.
BAB YLON, II. 185. Kasr, 186, 1 b (ill.). Ba
bil, 1 b (ill.). Birs Ximrud, 187, 2 a (ill.).
Amran (mound), 188, 2 c. Destruction of:
see CONFLAGRATION, V. 234, 1 c.
BABYLO NIA, II. 189.
Babylonian brick (ill.), II. 188, 2 b.
Babylonian monuments, I. 653, 1 c.
Babylonians, the, a mixed race, II. -36, 2 c.
Babylon ic language : see CIIALDEE LANGUAGE,
IV. 230, 2 c.
BABYLO NISH CAPTIVITY, II. 190.
Babylonish captivity, so styled, XIV. 399, 2 a.
BABYROIJS SA, or Babirusa, animal. II. 191 (ill.).
Baccalau reate, origin of the expression, X.
208, 2 be.
BACCARA, or Baccarat [bak-ka-ra ], game, II.
192.
BACCARAT [bak-ka-ra], town of France, II. 192.
BACCHANA LIA, or Dionysia, II. 192. Baccha
nalian procession, 1 c (ill.). Suppressed by
the Roman senate, 193, 1 a.
BACCHANTES [bak-kan -teez], II. 193. Among
mediaeval students, 2 b.
Bacchia/lcB [bak-ki -a-de], rulers of Corinth, V.
353, 1 c.
Bac chi a ra, rock in the Rhine, II. 198, 2 b.
BACCHIGLIOXE [bak-ke-lyo -ne], river, II. 193.
Bac chu, ancient city, supposed remains of,
VII. 103, 1 a.
BAC CHUS, god of wine, II. 193. Birth of, 1 a,
and XIV. 758, 2 b.
Bacchus wine, XII. 190, 2 b.
BACCHYLIDES [bak-kil -e-deez], Greek poet, II.
193.
BACCIO BELLA PORTA [bat -cho del -la por -ta] :
see BABTOLOMMEO.
BACCIOCHI, Napoleone Elisa [bat-cho -ke], prin
cess, II. 193. Napoleone Camerata, 194, 1 a.
Count Felice, ib. Marie Anne Elisa, sister of
Napoleon I., III. 25, 2 b. Felice Pasquale, ib.
BACH [ba k h], name of a German musical fami
ly, II. 194. Veit, 1 b. Hans, ib. Heinrich,
1 c. Johann ./Egidius, ib. Georg Christoph,
2 a. Johann Ambrosius, ib. Johann Chris
toph, ib. Johann Michael, 2 c. Johann
Bernard, ib. Johann Sebastian, the great
Bach, 195, 1 a. Johann Ernst, 196, 2 ab.
Wilhelm Friedemann, the Halle Bach, 2 b.
Karl Philipp Emanuel, the Hamburg Bach,
197, 1 b. Johann Christoph Friedrich, the
Biickeburg Bach, 2 c. Johann Christian, the
Milan or London Bach, 198, 1 a. Csecilia
Giassi Bach, 1 c.
BACH, Alexander, baron, Austrian statesman,
II. 198.
BACHARACII [ba - k ha-ra k h], town of Prussia, II.
198.
BACHAUMONT, Francois le Coigneux dc [ba-sho-
mo ng ], French writer, II. 198.
BACIIE, Alexander Dallas [baitch], American
savant and hydrographer, II. 198. See AT
LANTIC OCEAN, II. 74, 1 be ; COAST SURVEY,
IV. 756, 2 a, and 762, 1 ab.
BACIIE, Benjamin Franklin, physician, II. 199.
BACHE, Richard, merchant, II, 199.
BACIIE, Sarah, only daughter of Benjamin
Franklin, II. 199. Her labors for the needy
soldiers of the revolution, 2 c.
BACHELET, Jean Louis Theodore [bash-la],
French cyclopredist and historian, II. 199.
Bach elor, origin of the term, X. 208, 2 be.
BACHMAN, John [bak -man], American natural
ist, II. 200. (Died 1874.)
Bacilla ria paradox a (botany), VI. 84, 2 be
(ill., 85).
BACK, Sir George, English navigator, II. 200.
Back bay, Boston, III. 116, 2 b; 118, 1 ab.
"Backbone of England," a ridge, X. 184, 1 b.
BACK GAMMON, game, II. 200. Backgammon
board (ill), 2 b. To backgammon one, 201,
1 a.
BACKHUYSEN
BAGAY S
6T
BACKHUYSEN, or Bakhuysen, Ludolf [bak -hoi-
zen], Dutch painter, II. 201.
BACK US, Isaac, American clergyman, II. 201.
BACLER D ALBE, Louis Albert Ghislain, baron
do [biik-lair dalb], French painter, II. 201.
BACOLOR [ba-ko-lore J, town of the Philippines,
II. 201.
BA CON, Anne, mother of Lord Bacon, II. 201.
BACON, Francis, Viscount St. Albans and Baron
Verulam, philosopher, II. 201. His proposed
"college of the six days works," 2 c. His
parliamentary eloquence, 202, 1 be. His
" Essays," 2 a. His conduct toward Lord
Essex, 2 be. His political advancement, 203,
1 a, if. Lord high chancellor, 2 b. His
Novum Orgamun, il>. His trial and disgrace,
204, 2 a. His law writings, 205, 1 b. Aided
in his trial by Sir Julius Cresar, III. 543, 2 c.
His theory of heat, V. 377, 2 c; VIII. 507,
1 c ; of the design of miracles, XI. 625, 1 c.
His perfidious conduct in the case of Peach-
am, XV. 851, 1 b. See PHILOSOPHY, passim,
specially XIII. 440, 2 b.
BACON, John, sculptor, II. 205.
BACON, Leonard, D. D., American clergyman,
II. 206. Delia, teacher and writer, 1 c.
BACON, Nathaniel, the Virginia rebel, II. 206 ;
561, 1 b.
BACON, Sir Nicholas, statesman, father of Lord
Bacon, II. 206.
BACON, Roger, Franciscan friar and scholar, II.
206. His speaking brazen head, 155, 1 ab.
BACS, or Bacska [batch, batch -kaw], county of
Hungary, II. 207. Town, 2 a.
BACSAXYI, Janos [botch -an-ye], Hungarian po
et, II. 207.
Bacteria : see BACTERIUM.
BACTE RIUM (plural, bacteriums or bacteria),
II. 207. Presence of bacteria in putrefac
tion, I. 571, 1 b ; VII. 144, 2 a, Mode of
generation, II. 208, 2 ab ; XV. 284, 1 c, 2 c.
Bactra, or Zariaspe, ancient city, II. 208, 1 be.
BAC TRIA, or Bactriana, ancient country, II.
208. Bactrian coins, 2 a (ill., 1 c).
Bactrian, Old: see IRANIC RACES AND LAN
GUAGES, IX. 347, 1 a.
Bactrian a : see BACTRIA.
BACZKO, Ludwig von [bats -ko], German au
thor, II. 208.
Badayio, Amelmo [ba-dtV-jo], (Pope Alexander
II.), I. 278, 1 a.
BADAJOZ [ba-^/ia- hoath ], province of Spain,
II. 208. Town, 2 ab. Peace of, XV. 213,
1 c.
Badalcar , a tribe of India, IX. 215, 2 c.
BADAKHSIIAN [ba-dak-shan J, country of cen
tral Asia, II. 209.
BADEN [ba -den], grand duchy of Germany, II.
209.
BADEN, town of Lower Austria, II. 210. Town
of Switzerland, 211, 1 a.
BADEN-BADEN, German watering place, II. 211
(ill.).
Baden-Baden, line of, II. 210, 2 a.
BADEN-BADEN, Ludwig Wilhelm I., margrave
of, a general, II. 211.
Baden- Durlach, line of, II. 210, 2 a,
Badge of fraud, in law, VII. 445, 1 b (FRAUD).
BADGER, animal, II. 212 (ill.). American bad
ger, 2 c (ill.). Indian badger, 213, 1 b (ill.).
Badger s fur, VII. 597, 2 ab. The wombat
so called, XVI. 702, 2 c.
BADIA Y LEBLICII, Domingo [b*W7ie -a e la-
bleech ], (Ali Bey), Spanish traveller, II. 213.
BADIUS, Jodocus, or Josse [ba -de-us], Dutch
printer and author, II. 213. Conrad, 2 b.
"Bad lands," of the west, XL 622, 2 b;
XIV. 381, 1 c.
Badrinath : see BHADRINATII.
Badr-Oodin, sultan of Banca, II. 265, 1 b.
Badui la : see TOTILA.
BAENA [ba-a -nn], town of Spain, II. 213.
BAER, Karl Ernst von [fon bilirj, Russian nat
uralist, II. 213. His discovery of the egg in
the ovary, VI. 561, 1 b. His ascending
series from osseous fishes to reptiles, VIII.
694, 1 c. His classification of mammals, XL
81, 1 ab ; of birds, XII. 707, 2 a. Onmollusca,
XI. 51, 1 b ; evolution, VII. 10, 2 b, 14, 2 be,
BAERLE, Gaspard van [bar -leh], (Barlseus),
Dutch poet and theologian, II. 213.
Bacrt: see BART, Jean.
Bmterra, or Baeterra3 : see BEZIERS.
Bw tis : see GUADALQUIVIR.
Bcstyl ia, VI. 154, 1 b (DIVINATION).
BAEZ, Buenaventura [ba -ace or bice], presi
dent of Santo Domingo, II. 214.
BAEZA [ba-a -tha], city of Spain, II. 214.
BAF FIN, William, English navigator and arctic
explorer, II. 214; I. 669, 2 a.
BAFFIN BAY, II. 214.
BAFFO, the Pure, II. 214.
Baffomet : see BAPIIOMET.
Bag acum, ancient city : see BAVAY.
Bagaria : see BAGHERIA.
Bagarmi, African tribe, II. 216, 2 a.
BAGAU D^E, or Bagaudi, Gallic peasants, II. 214.
Bagaifs taltl.es of logarithms, X. 578, 1 c.
68
BAGDAD
BAIN
BAG DAD [properly, bag-dad ], city of Asiatic
Turkey, II. 215 (ill., Ezekiel s tomb). Sacked
and burned by Tartars, V. 234, 2 a; by
Turks, &., and I. 447, 1 be.
BAGE, Robert, English novelist, II. 216.
BAG GESEN, Jens Immanuel, Swedish poet, II.
216.
BAGIIERIA, or Bagaria [ba-ga -re-a, -ga -re-a],
town of Sicily, II. 216.
BAGHIRMI [ba-gheer -me], kingdom of Africa,
II. 216.
Baghwtan : see BEHISTUN.
Baghid: see BAGUL.
Baglivi [ba-lye -ve], his description of tarantis-
mus, V. 663, 2 c.
BAGNERES-DE-BIGORRE, and B.-de-Luchon [ba-
nyair-diih-be-gor, -lu-sho ng ], bathing towns
of France, II. 216.
Bagnolen ses, I. 243, 2 b (ALBANENSES) ; IV.
116, 1 b (OATHAEISTS).
BAGNOLES [ba-nyul], hamlet of France, II. 216.
BAGO AS, eunuch, officer of Artaxerxes Ochus,
II. 216.
Bag of waters, XII. 569, 2 c, 570, 1 a (OB
STETRICS).
Bago ses: see BAGOAS, II. 216, 2 c.
BAG OT, Sir Charles, English diplomatist, II.
. 216.
BAGPIPE, musical wind instrument, II. 217.
Bagpipes, molluscoid animals, XI. 725, 1 ab.
BAGRADAS : see MEJERDA.
Bagrat , or Bagrad , II. 217, 1 b.
BAGRATIDES, or Bagradites [ba-grat -ids, ba-
grad -its], a royal family, II. 217; I. 723,
2 b ; 724, 1 c.
BAGRATION, Peter [ba-gra -te-on], prince, II.
217. Family, I. 723, 2 b.
Eagre [ba-gra ], a fish, VIII. 279, 1 c. Its
method of hatching its eggs, VII. 239, 2 ab.
Baguet [ba-ga ], a kind of tulip, XVI. 26, 2 b.
BAGUL, or Baghul [ba-guF], state of India, II.
217.
Bahadour, Shall Mohammed [ba-ha -door], titu
lar Mogul emperor, V. 781, 1 be.
BAHA MAS, islands, II. 217.
BAITAWALPOOR : see BHAWALPOOR.
BAIIIA [ba-e -a], province of Brazil, II. 218.
Capital town, 2 c.
Bahia de Todos Santos [ba-5 -a da to -doce san -
toce] : see ALL SAINTS BAY.
Bahia Honda, expedition, X. 635, 1 a.
BAIIR, Johann Christian Felix [bair], German
philologist, II. 219.
Bahr Banias, lake, IX. 683, 2 a.
Bahr Bela-ma, river without water, XIV. 389,
2 c.
BAHRDT, Karl Friedrich, German theologian,
II. 219.
BAHREIN (or AVAL) ISLANDS. II. 219.
Bohr-el- Abiad (Nile), I. 166, 2 b. Bee NILE.
Bahri dynasty, XI. 73, 2 b.
Bahr Khait, lake, IX. 6S3, 2 a.
Bahurutse, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b.
BAI ^E, ancient town, II. 220,
Baian, Avar khan, II. 158, 2 c.
Baidarlcas, skin boats, X. 40, 1 a.
Baidiglio [bl-de -lyo], marble, IV. 24, 2 c.
BAIKAL [bl-kal j, lake, II. 220. Baikalian
mountains, 2 a.
Bailcie, Dr., African explorer, II. 532, 2 c.
BAIL, in law, II. 220. Bail below, 2 b ; above,
ib. Bail piece, 2 c. Common bail, 221, 1 a.
Special bail, in a civil action, XIV. 231, 1 ab.
Bailen : see BAYLEN.
BAI LEY, Gamaliel, American journalist, II. 221.
BAILEY, Jacob "Whitman, American naturalist,
II. 221.
Bailey, Lieut. Col. Joseph, American engineer,
I. 290, 1 c.
BAILEY, Nathan, English lexicographer, II. 221.
BAILEY, Philip James, English poet, II. 221.
BAILEY, Samuel, English philosopher, II. 221.
BAILEY, Theodorus, American naval officer, II.
222.
Bailie, a Scotch officer, II. 222, 1 c.
BAILIFF, II. 222. Bailiwick, 1 b. Bound bail
iff (vulgarly, bum-bailiff), ib.
BAILLET, Adrien [ba-ya], French writer, II. 222.
BAILLKUL [ba-yul], town of France, II. 222.
BAILLIAGE [ba-yazb], II. 222.
BAH/LIE, Joanna, Scottish poet. II. 222.
BAILLIE, Matthew, Scottish physician, II. 223.
BAILLIE, Robert, Scottish theologian, II. 223.
BAILLOT, Pierre Marie Francois de Sales [ba-
yo], French violinist, II. 223.
BAILLY, Jean Sylvain [ba-ye], French astron
omer and statesman, II. 223. His theory of
the origin of Hindoo astronomy, 43, 2 b.
BAILMENT, in law, II. 224.
Bail piece, in law, XIV. 231, 1 ab.
Bails, in the game of cricket, V. 482, 1 c.
BAI LY, Edward Hodges, English sculptor, II.
224.
BAILY, Francis, English astronomer, II. 224.
Baily, Nathan: see BAILEY.
Bailifs group of islands, III. 67, 2 ab.
BAIN, Alexander, Scottish philosopher, II. 224.
On logic, X. 582, 1 c.
BAIN
BALBI
69
Bain, Alexander, inventor of an electric clock,
IV. TOO, 2 a ; of the electro-chemical tele
graph, XV. 013, 2 b. (Died 1877.)
Bain bridyc, county seat, V. 748, 1 a.
BAIXBRIDGE, William, American naval officer,
II. 224. His captivity in Tripoli, 225, 1 be,
and 338, 2 be.
BAIRAM [bl-ram J, name of Mohammedan holi
days, II. 225.
BAIKD, Sir David, British general, II. 225.
BATED, Robert, D. D., American clergyman, II.
225.
BAIRD, Spencer Fullerton, American natural
ist, II. 226. His classification of mammals,
XI. 81, 1 c.
Bairdstoicn : see BARDSTOWN.
BAIREUTH, or Bayreuth [bl -roit], city of Ger
many, II. 226 (ill.).
Bamic7 s [ba-se-a], operators in the Paris
bourse, XV. 388, 2 c.
BAIUS, Michael, Flemish theologian, II. 227.
Bajaus, sea gypsies, II. 264, 2 be.
BAJAZET , Bajazid, or Bayazid [ba-ya-zeed ], two
sultans, II. 227. Bajazet I., allusions to, I.
227, 1 b ; 446, 1 ah.
BAJAZID, or Bayazid, town of Armenia, II. 227.
BAKACS, Tamas [bok -otch], Hungarian states
man, II. 227.
BAKALAHARI [ba-ka-la-ha -re], African tribe,
II. 228 ; 438, 2 be.
Baked-apple ~berry, XIV. 209, 2 c.
BAKER, four counties, II. 228.
BAKER, Edward Dickinson, American senator
and soldier, II. 228.
BAKER, Henry, English teacher of the deaf
and dumb, II. 228.
BAKER, Osmon Oleander, D. D., American bish
op, II. 228.
BAKER, Sir Samuel White, African explorer,
II. 229, and I. 167, 1 c. Commissioned to
check the slave trade, I. 171, 1 a.
BAKEWELL, town of England, II. 229.
BAKEWELL, Robert, English agriculturist, II.
229.
BAKIIMUT [ba k h-moot ], town of Russia, II. 229.
BAKIITCIIISERAI [ba k h-che-sa-rl ], town of the
Crimea, II. 229.
BAKHTEGAN , lake of Persia, II. 230.
Bakhtiars, nomadic tribe, IX. 180, 1 c.
BAKHTISII WA, family of Nestorian physicians,
II. 230.
Bakhuysen: see BACKHUYSEN.
Baklitiyari [ba k h-te-ya/-re], Persian tribe. X.
724, 2 ab.
Baking powders : see YEAST POWDERS.
BAKONY [bok -ony J, or Forest of Bakony,
mountain range of Hungary, II. 230.
Bakoo : see BAKU.
BAKU [ba-koo J, a government of Russia, II.
230. Capital town, 2 c.
BAKUNIN, Mikhail [ba-koo-nin J, Russian revo
lutionist, II. 231.
Bakwains, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b.
Bal, or Beal (= Baal), Irish deity, II. 178, 2 a.
BALAAM [ba -lam], soothsayer, II. 231.
Balabala [ba-la-ba -la], tree fern, VII. 110, 1 b.
Balada, ballad of the troubadours, XII. 88, 2 b.
Bala na (zoology), XVI. 580, 1 c. B. mysti-
cetus, ib. (ill.). B. australis, 2 c.
Balamidce, family of whales, XVI. 580, 1 b.
Balcenop tera Wops (zoology), XIV. 429, 2 a
(ill.).
Balaka, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b.
BALAKLAVA [ba-la-kla -va], town of the Crimea,
II. 231 (ill.). Balaklava-Greek battalion, 2 b.
Slaughter of Lord Cardigan s light brigade
at, 2 c.
BALALAIKA [ba-la-H -ka], musical instrument, II.
232.
BAL ANCE, II. 232. Common, 1 c (ill.). Con
ditions of greatest delicacy, 233, 1 a. Chem
ical balance, 1 c (ill.)- Spring balance, II.
234, 2 c ; VI. 489, 2 be; XVI. 537, 1 c. Bal
ance, or scales, antiquity of, 2 c. Torsion
balance, Coulomb s, II. 234, 1 c. Michell s,
for measuring the earth s density, VI. 357,
2 c (ill). Torsion balance electrometer, 503,
2 be (ill., 504). See Preclitl (Index).
Balance in bookkeeping, III. 80, 2 a and c.
Balance of organic nature, V. 380, 1 c.
Balance of a watch, IV. 700, 2 c. Balance
wheel, ib.
BALANGUINI [ba-lan-ghe -ne], islet, II. 234.
Balani nus nu cum (entomology), XVI. 536, 1 a.
BALARD, Antoine Jerome [bzi-lar], French
chemist, II. 235. His discovery of bromine,
III. 307, 2 c.
BALARUC [ba-la-riik], watering place of France,
II. 235.
BALASORE , city of India, II. 235.
Balm ruby, XV. 271, 2 b.
BALAssA-GYARMATnfbol -osh-shaw-dyor -mot],
town of Hungary, II. 235.
BALATOX, Lake, II. 235.
Balaustines [ba-laws -tins], flowers of pome
granate, XIII. 692, 2 ab.
BALBI, Adriano [bal -be], Italian geographer,
II. 235. Eugenio, geographer, 2 b.
TO
BALBI
BALLOONING
BALBI, Giovanni de Janua or Januen^is, Do
minican friar and author, II. 235.
BALBI, Countess de, II. 235.
BALBI NUS, Decimus Caslius, Roman emperor,
II. 235.
BALBO, Cesare, count, Italian statesman, II. 236.
BALBO A, Vasco Nunez de, Spanish discoverer,
II. 236.
BALBRIG GAN, town of Ireland, II. 236.
BALBUENA, Bernardo de [bal-bwa -na], Spanish
poet, II. 236.
BAL BUS, Lucius Cornelius (Major), Roman con
sul, II. 236. Lucius Cornelius (Minor), 2 c.
Quintus Lucilius, philosopher, 237, 1 ab.
Lucius Octavius, jurist, 1 b. Titus Ampins,
tribune, ib.
BALDE, Jakob [bal -deli], German poet, II. 237.
BALDI, Bernardino [bal -de], Italian scholar,
II. 237.
Bald-pate (widgeon), III. 733, 2 a; XVI. 615,
2 c.
Baldr : see BALDUE.
BAL DUE, Balder, or Baldr, in Scandinavian
mythology, II. 237; XII. 119, 2 c.
Baldur, or Phol, in German mythology, XII.
120, 1 c.
BALDWIN [bawld -win], two counties, II. 237.
BALDWIN, counts of Flanders, II. 238.
BALDWIN, emperors of Constantinople, II. 238.
BALDWIN, kings of Jerusalem, II. 238.
BALDWIN, John Dennison, American journalist
and archaeologist, II. 239.
Baldwin s phosphorus : see PHOSPHORUS (Index).
Bale [bal] : see BASEL.
Balear ica (ornithology), V. 457, 2 c ; 458, 2
ab. B. pavonina, 458, 2 ab (ill.).
BALEAE IC ISLANDS, II. 239.
Balearic sea, part of the Mediterranean, XI.
353, 2 c.
Balearicus, surname of Q. C. Metellus, II. 239,
2 a.
Balearis Minor : see MINORCA.
BALECHOU, Jean Jacques Nicolas [ba-la-shoo],
French engraver, II. 239.
Baleen : see WHALEBONE.
BALEN, Hendrik van [ba -len], Flemish painter,
II. 239.
BALES TRA, Antonio, Italian painter, II. 239.
Giovanni, referred to, 2 c.
BALFE, Michael William [balf ], Irish composer,
II. 239. Victoria, vocalist, 240, 1 c.
BALFOUR, Alexander [baT-foor], Scottish au
thor, II. 240.
BALFOUR, Sir James, Scottish jurist, II. 240.
BALFOUE, Walter, American clergyman, II. 240,
BALFEUSH [bal-f rooslr], town of Persia, IT. 240.
BalfurmJi [bal-tbo-roosh j : see BALFEUSH.
BALI [ba -le], island, II. 240.
Bali, in Hindoo mythology, II. 159, 1 b; in
Scandinavian mythology, XII. 120, 1 a.
Balik-Denghis [ba-leek -den-gheess J, Turkish
name of the sea of Azov. II. 175, 1 b.
BALIOL : see BALLIOL.
Balisaur [ba-le-sour J, Indian badger, II. 213,
1 ab (ill.).
BALIZE [ba-leez J, town, II. 241. See HON
DURAS, British.
BALKAN MOUNTAINS, II. 241 .
BALKASII , lake of Siberia, II. 241.
BALKII [baPh], country of central Asia, II.
241. Capital city, 242, 2 b.
Balkhasli : see BALKASH.
BALL, Game of: see BASE BALL.
BALL, John, English preacher, II. 242.
BALL, Thomas, American sculptor, II. 242.
BALLANCHE, Pierre Simon [bal-lu" e shj, French
writer, II. 242.
BAL LANTYNE, James, Scottish printer, II. 242.
John, publisher, 243, 1 b.
Ballan wrasse, fish, XVI. 734, 1 c (ill.).
BALLAEAT , city of Australia, II. 243.
BAL LARD, county, II. 243.
Ballardscille, county seat, IIT. 82, 1 c.
BALLENSTEDT [bal -len-stet], town of Germany,
II. 243.
BALLET [bal-la], II. 243 ; X. 712, 2 ab.
BALLINA [bal-le-na/], seaport of Ireland, II. 244.
BALLINASLOE [bal-le-na-slo J, town of Ireland,
II. 244.
BALLING, Karl Joseph Napoleon [bal -ling],
Bohemian chemist, II. 244.
BALLIOL, John [bal -yul], king of Scotland, II.
244. Edward, king, 2 b.
Balliol college, founders of, II. 244, 2 ab.
Notice of, XII. 764, 2 c ; 765, 1 c.
BALLIS TA, military engine, II. 245. A name
of the crossbow, 1 be. Ballistarius, ib.
Mention of, IV. 101, 2 a.
BALLOON : see AERONAUTICS. First construc
tion of, I. 145, 2 c (ill., 146). Modern, 149,
2 a (ill.). Valve, Giffard s, 2 c (ill., 150).
Concave appearance of the earth as seen
from it, 150, 1 c.
Balloon fish, XIV. 738, 2 c.(ill., 739).
Ballooning : see AERONAUTICS. Use of hydro
gen gas discovered, I. 145, 1 c. First fatal
accident, 146, 2 a. Number who have per
ished, 2 b. Ascents in the interest of sci-
BALLOONS
BAMFF
71
ence, 147, 1 a; the most remarkable, 2 a.
Use in war, 148, 1 c, 2 a, b, c; for observing
the sun s eclipse, 149, 1 c.
Balloons, mountain summits of the Vosges,
VII. 367, 1 be.
Balloon voyage, first successful, I. 146, 2 a ; II.
693, 2 b ; IX. 599, 2 a.
BAL LOT, II. 245. In Athens, 1 c. In Eorne,
2 ab. In the United States, 2 b. In Europe,
246, 1 a. In England, 1 b.
Balloting, of a shot, VIII. 324, 2 c (ill., 325).
Ballottement [bal-lut-ma ng ], in obstetrics, XII.
569, 1 a.
BALLOU, Hosea [bal-loo ], American clergyman,
II. 246. Hosea, clergyman, 2 a. Maturin
Murray, journalist, 2 b. Moses, author, ib.
BaWs Bluff, battle of, XVI. 176, 1 a.
BALL STOX SPA [spa or spaw], village of New
York, II. 246.
Ballue de Bellanglise [ba-lii dull bel-a ng -gleez],
Beranger s schoolmaster, II. 547, 1 ab.
BALLYME XA, town of Ireland, II. 246.
Balme, Col de [kul duh balm], pass in the
Alps, I. 354, 1 c.
BALMES, Jaime Lucio [bal -mace], Spanish theo
logian and philosopher, II. 247.
BALM OF GILEAD [bam], a plant and its balsam,
II. 247 (ill.). Balm of Gilead trees, 1 c;
VII. 208, 1 a (balsam fir, ill.); XIII. 712,
2 a (balsam poplar).
BALMO EAL, Queen Victoria s summer residence,
II. 247.
BALNAV ES, Henry, Scottish reformer, II. 247.
BALSAM [bawl -sum], in botany, II. 247. Gar
den balsam, 248, 1 a (ill.). A name of Men-
zies s spruce, XV. 291, 1 c. See BALSAMS.
Balaam coast, Central America, II. 248, 2 b.
Balsam fir, tree, VII. 208, 1 a (ill.). Eraser s
balsam fir, 2 b. Balsam of fir, turpentine,
XVI. 77, 1 be.
Balsamine [bawl -sa-min], garden balsam, II.
248, 1 b.
Balsamito [bal-sa-mG -to], tincture of balsam,
II. 248, 2 c.
Balsamo, Giuseppe [bal -sa-mo], real name of
the impostor, count di Cagliostro, III. 548,
2 be.
Balsamoden dron Elirenbergian um (botany),
XII. Ill (ill.). B. Gileadense, II. 247, 1 a;
250, 1 c.
Balsam poplar : see POPLAR, XIII. 712, 2 a.
BALSAMS, II. 248. Balsam of Peru, 2 b (ill.).
Black balsam, 249, 1 a. Balsam of Tolu, 1 b
(ill.). Styrax ofticinalis, 2 b (ill.). Canada
balsam, 2 c. Balsam copaiba, 250, 1 a (ill.).
Balsam of Mecca, 247, 1 a ; 250, 1 c.
BALTA [bal -ta], town of Russia, II. 250.
BALTACCIIINI, Saverio [bal-tak-ke -ne], Italian
poet, II. 250. Michele, historian and novel
ist, 2 b.
BALTA LIMAX [le-man J, bay, II. 250.
BALTARD, Louis Pierre [bal-tar], French archi
tect, II. 250. Victor, architect, 2 c. Pros
per, architect, 251, 1 ab. Jules, painter, ib.
Baltic [bawl -tik], battle of the, XII. 221, 1 c.
BALTIC SEA, II. 251.
BALTIMORE [bawl -te-more], county, II. 252.
BALTIMORE, city, II. 252. View from Federal
hill, 253. General appearance, 1 a. Public
buildings, 2 c. Churches, 254, 1 ab. Charita
ble institutions, 1 be. Education, 1 c. Pea-
body institute, 255, 1 a. Washington monu
ment, 1 b (ill.). Battle monument, ib. Banks,
2 a. Insurance companies, 2 b. Government,
ib. Water supply, 2 c. Intercommunication,
ib. Commerce, 256, 1 a. Productive indus
try, 1 c. History, ib.
BALTIMORE, Lord : see CALVERT, III. 629, 1 c.
BALTIMORE BIRD, II. 257 (ill.).
Baltimore clippers, XIV. 857, 2 c.
Baltimore oriole : see BALTIMORE BIRD.
BALTZER, Johann Baptist [balt -ser], German
theologian, II. 258.
BALTZER, Wilhelm Eduard, German clergyman
and author, II. 258.
BALUE, Jean de la [duh la ba-lu], French prel
ate and statesman, II. 258.
BALUFFI, Gaetano [ba-loof-fe], Italian prelate,
II. 258.
BALUZE, Etienne [ba-liiz], French historian, II.
258.
BALZAC, lion ore de [bal-zak], French novelist,
II. 258. Laure de, writer, 259, 2 b.
BALZAC, Jean Louis Guez, seigneur de, French
writer, II. 259.
BAMBAR RA, district of Africa, II. 260.
BAMBERG [bam -bairg], town of Germany, II.
260.
BAMBOCCIO [bom-bot -cho], Dutch painter (Pe
ter van Laer). II. 260.
BAMBOO , plant, II. 261 (ill.). Bamboo leaves,
flowers, and fruit (ill.), 2 a.
BAMBOOK , country of Africa, II. 262.
Bambuk- Kales si [ barn-book ], site of Hierapolis
in Phrygia, VIII. 718, 1 a.
Bamltu sa ariindina cea (botany), II. 261, 1 a.
Bamlry ce, ancient city, VIII. 718, 1 a.
Bamff: see BANFF.
BAMIAN
BANK
BAMIAN [bam-yan j, valley, pass, and town of
Afghanistan, II. 262.
Bamo : see BHAMO.
BAMPTON LECTURES, II. 262.
Bamums [ba -mooms], race of India, IX. 213,
2 c.
Bamyan : see B AMI AX.
BAN, a title, II. 262 ; V. 493, 2 a.
BAN, a proclamation, II. 262. Ban and arriere
ban, 263, 1 a. See 288, 1 a.
BANANA [ba-nu -na], plant, II. 263 (ill.). Plan
tain, 2 c.
BANANA ISLANDS, coast of Africa, II. 264.
BANANAI/, island of Brazil, II. 264.
Banana shrub, a species of magnolia, XI. 21,
1 c.
BAN AT, district of Hungary, II. 264.
Ban Bank : see BANK BAN.
BAN BURY, town of England, II. 264.
BANG A, island of the Malay archipelago, II. 264.
BANCROFT, Aaron, American clergyman, II. 265.
BANCROFT, Edward, English naturalist and
physician, II. 265.
BANCROFT, George, American historian and
statesman, II. 265 ; XVI. 192, 2 a.
Bancroft, II. H., his work on the native races
of the Pacific states, XVI. 204, 1 ab.
BANCROFT, Richard, English prelate, II. 267.
BANDA ISLANDS, in the Moluccas, II. 267.
BANDA ORIENTAL : see URUGUAY, and I. 693, 2 c.
BANDAR RA, Gonzalo Annes, Portuguese im
provisator, II. 267.
BANDEL, Joseph Ernst von [ban -del], German
sculptor, II. 267. (Died 1876.)
BANDEL LO, Matteo, Italian novelist, II. 268.
BANDE RA, county, II. 268.
Bandera City, county seat, II. 268, 1 c.
BANDETTINI, Teresa [ban-det-te -ne], Italian
poetess, II. 268.
BAN DICOOT, animal, II. 268. Banded bandi
coot, 2 a (ill.). Long-nosed bandicoot, ib.
Choaropus, 2 be.
BANDIERA, Attilio and Emilio [ban-de-a -ra],
Italian patriots, II. 268.
Bandillero [ban-de-lya -ro], in bull fighting,
III. 426, 1 b.
BANDINEJ/LI, Baccio, Italian sculptor, II. 269.
BandinelU, Rolando, name of Pope Alexander
III., I. 279, 1 c.
Bandoline [ban -do-lin], quince mucilage, XIV.
152, 1 be.
BAN DON, river of Ireland, II. 269. Town, 1 c.
Bandoribridge : see BANDON.
BANDTKE, or Bandtkie, Jerzy Samuel [banf-
ka, -kya], Polish historian, II. 269. Jan
Wincenty, 1 c.
Banees : see Banyans (Index).
BANER, Johan [ba -ner], Swedish general, II.
269.
BANFF [bamf], town of Scotland, II. 269.
County : see BANFFSHIRE.
BANFFSHIRE, county of Scotland, II. 269.
BANG, or Banj, narcotic drug, II. 269 ; 798,
2 c ; VIII. 633, 1 ab.
Banga, sultan of Baghirmi s title, II. 216, 2 a.
Bangalang , slave factory of, III. 720, 2 c.
Bangdli [ban-ga -le], or Bengalee , language,
IX. 216, 2 c. Alphabet of, 217, 1 c. Gram
mar of, 2 c.
BANGALORE , city of India, II. 269.
Bangin gee : see BALANGUINI.
BANGKOK , capital of Siam, II. 270.
Bangla : see FYZABAD.
BAN GOR, city of Maine, II. 270.
BANGOR, city of Wales, II. 271. Town of
Ireland, 1 c.
Bangor, demolition of the monastery of, VI.
445, 2 ab.
BANGS, Nathan, D. D., American clergyman,
II. 271.
Bangwaketse, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b.
BANIALUKA [ba-nya-loo -kaj, town of Bosnia.
II. 271.
BANIAN [ban -yan or ban-van ], tree, II. 271 ;
ill., 272,
Banians: see Banyans (Index).
Banias [ba -ne-as], river, IX. 683, 1 c.
BA NIM, John, Irish novelist, II. 272. Michael,
novelist, 1 c (died 1874).
BAN ISTER, village of Virginia, II. 272.
Baniyas [ba-ne -yas], Indian merchants, IX.
213, 2 be ; 214, 2 ab.
Banj : see BANG.
BANJERMAS SIN, state of Borneo, II. 272. Chief
town, 2 c.
BAN JO, musical instrument, II. 272.
BANK, II. 273. Origin of the name, 1 a. Bank
of New Ilium, 1 b ; of Venice, 1 c ; of Ge
noa, 2 b; of Barcelona, il>.; of Amsterdam,
2 be; of Hamburg, 274, 1 a. Bank of Eng
land, ib., if. PeePs bank act, 275, 1 b.
Statistics of bank of England, 276 (table).
Early English banking, 1 ab. Other Eng
lish banks, 1 c. Scotch, 2 c. Bank of
France, 277, 1 ab. Banks of Belgium, 1 c;
of the Netherlands, 2 b ; of Austria, 2 be ;
of Germany, 278, 1 b ; of Switzerland, 1 c;
of Italy, 2 a. Banking in the United States,
BANK
BAR
73
1 c. Bank of North America, ib. First
bank of the United States, 279, 1 c ; second,
280, 1 be; rechartered by Pennsylvania, 2
be ; its final suspension, 2 c. State banks,
ib. " Suffolk bank system," 281, 1 a. Na
tional banks, ib. ; statistics of, 282, 1 b
(table). Banks of Canada, 2 a. Clearing
house, 2 be.
BANK BAN", a Hungarian military governor,
II. 283. Dramas upon, 1 c.
Banker s card, in faro, VII. 89, 2 a.
Banking: see BANK.
Banking pins, in the lever escapement of a
watch, IV. 702, 1 c.
Banking system, free, XII. 363, 1 c.
Bank-note engraving : see ENGRAVING, VI.
654, 1 a.
Bank of America, New York, attempt to de
feat the charter of, XV. 793, 2 c.
Bank of England, II. 274, 1 b. Its origin,
X. 768, 2b; XIII. 165, 2 c.
Bank of North America, II. 279, 1 ab.
BANKRUPT, II. 283. Bankrupt laws of Eng
land, 283, 1 a; of the United States, 284,
1 c ; of France, ib. ; of Holland, 2 a.
Bankruptcy : see BANKRUPT.
BANKS, county, II. 285.
BANKS, John, English dramatist, II. 285.
BANKS, Sir Joseph, English naturalist and trav
eller, II. 285.
BANKS, Nathaniel Prentiss, American states
man and general, II. 286.
BANKS, Thomas, English sculptor, II. 286.
Banks and bankers, as mandataries, XL 99,
2b.
BANKSIA (botany), II. 286. B. speciosa (ill.),
287.
"Bank icar" political, on the bank of the
United States, IX. 492, 2 c.
BAN NACKS, Indian tribe, II. 287.
BANNEKER, Benjamin, negro mathematician
and astronomer, II. 287.
Banner, VII. 249, 1 b (FLAG).
BANNERET, feudal title, II. 287 ; IV. 497, 1 a.
BANXOOKBURN, village of Scotland, II. 278.
Battle of, il. ; III. 352, 1 c.
BANNS OF MATRIMONY, II. 288.
Banos del Inca [ba -nyoce], III. 559, 1 b.
Banquette [ba nfr -ket], of the French diligence,
IV. 724, 1 a.
BAN QUO, Scottish thane, II. 288.
Bansaroff, Dorji [ban-sd -rof], Mongolian sci
entist, III. 455, 1 b.
BAN SHEE, popular superstition, II. 288.
Banstickle, fish, XV. 384, 1 b (STICKLEBACK).
BANTAM , province of Java, II. 288. Town,
2b.
Bantam folds, IV. 783, 2 c.
BAN TING, William, London merchant, II. 288.
His plan of diet to reduce corpulence, 289,
1 a.
BANTRY BAY, Ireland, II. 289.
Bantu [ban-too ], group of African dialects, I.
171, 1 c.
Banyan, tree : see BANIAN.
Banyans, Hindoo merchants. IX. 213, 2 be ;
214, 2 a.
Banyas: see Banyans (Index).
BANZ [bants], abbey of Bavaria, II. 289.
Banzo, venomous insect, V. 241, 1 a.
BA OBAB, tree, II. 289 (ill.). Age of, I. 184,
1 a.
BAPAUME [ba-pome], town of France, II. 290.
Ba phia nit ida (botany), III. 233, 1 c; 671,
1 c (ill.).
BAPFI OMET, knight templar s symbol, II. 290.
BAP TISM, a Christian rite, II. 290. In the
Greek and Latin churches, 2 b. In many
Protestant denominations, 291, 1 a. Condi
tional baptism, ib. As regarded by the
Gnostics, VIII. 53, 2 c. Mode of in the
Roman Catholic church, XIV. 396, 1 be ; in
the Greek church at Constantinople, VIII.
219, 2 ab ; in the Russian church, ib. ; in
Baptist churches, II. 292, 1 ab ; in the Lu
theran church, X. 732, 1 b.
Baptism, infant, difficulties in its relation to
Protestantism, I. 450, 1 c.
Baptism of fire, expression applied by Napo
leon III. to his son s first exposure to the
enemy s fire, III. 54, 1 be ; 55, 2 be.
BAP TISTERY, II. 291. Baptistery at Novara,
2 c (ill.) ; of San Giovanni in Fonte, Rome,
X. 183, 2 ab; of Parma, XIII. 121, 2 a; of
Pisa, 540, 2 b (ill.) ; of Florence, VII. 275,
2 be.
BAPTISTS, II. 292. Their distinctive princi
ples, 1 a. In Great Britain and her colonies,
2 be. On the continent of Europe, 293, 1 ab.
In the United States, 1 b. Divisions, 2 a.
History, 2 b. Statistics, 294, 1 c.
Baptists, German, VI. 316, 1 c. German
Seventh Day Baptists, 2 b.
BAR: see BAR-LE-DUC, BAR-SUR-AUBE, and
BAR-SUR-SEINE.
BAR, town of Russia, II. 294.
BAR, in court rooms, II. 294. In legislative
halls, 2 b.
BAR
BARBOURSVILLE
Ear, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 c.
Bar, confederation of, II. 294, 2 a ; XIII. 647,
2 a.
Bar, Mile, de (Mme. Piron), XIII. 540, 1 b.
BARABA [ba-ra-ba ], steppe of Siberia, II. 294.
Bardbintzi, tribe of Siberia, II. 294, 2 c.
Barac ca, meeting place of the carbonari, III.
771, 1 c.
BARACO A, town of Cuba, II. 294.
BAEADA [ba-ra -da], river of Syria, II. 295.
Baradw us, Jacobus, organizer of the sect of
Jacobites, IX. 500, 1 be; XL 757, 2 be,
Baradello, tower of the, in Como, V. 170, 2 c.
BARAGA, Frederick, D. D. [ba-ra -ga], mis
sionary bishop, II. 295.
BARAGUEY D HILLIERS, Louis [ba-ra-ga de-
lya], French general, II. 295. Achille,
marshal of France, 1 c.
BARAN OFF, Alexander Andreyevitch, gover
nor of Russian America, II. 295.
BARAISTOFF, Nikolai, Russian deaf-mute painter,
II. 295.
BARANTE, Amable Guillaume Prosper [ba-
ra ng t], baron de Brugiere, French statesman
and historian, II. 295.
BARANYA [bor -on-yaw], county of Hungary,
II. 296.
Barata ria lay, X. 101, 2 ab.
Baratarian pirates, X. 101, 2 ab. In the bat
tle of New Orleans, IX. 490, 1 a, c.
BARATIER, Johann Philipp [ba-ra-tya], Ger
man scholar, II. 296.
BARATYN SKI, Yevgeni Abramovitch, Russian
poet, II. 296.
BARB, breed of horses, II. 296. Its use in
cavalry, IV. 142, 1 c. On the turf, XVI.
46, 2 c ; 47, 1 b, c, 2 a, b ; 48, 2 a.
BARBADOES [bar-ba -doze], island, II. 296; ill.,
297.
Barbadoes leg, a form of elephantiasis, VI. 522,
2 a.
Barbadoes tar, XL 71, 2 a.
BAR BARA, Saint, II. 297.
Barba rea pra cox (botany), XVI. 501, 2 a. B.
vulgaris, XIV. 724, 2 c.
BARBAREL LI, Giorgio : see GIORGIONE.
BARBAROS SA, Arudj, Horush, or IToruk, corsair,
II. 297. Kliair-ed-Din, 2 c. See I. 305, 2 a.
BARBAROSSA, Frederick : see FREDERICK L, em
peror of Germany, VII. 450, 2 c.
BAKBAEOUX, Charles Jean Marie [bar-ba-roo],
French revolutionist, II. 298.
Bar bary: see BABBABY STATES.
Bar bary antelope, VII. 654, 2 c.
Bar bary ape, X. 767, 1 a (ill.) ; XI. 752, 1 b.
Bar bary gum, X. 519, 2 a.
Barbary horse : see BARB.
BARBARY STATES, II. 298 ; I. 169, 2 b.
BARBAS TEO, town of Spain, II. 298.
BARBAULD, Anna Lsetitia [bar-bo 7 ], English
writer, II. 298; I. 213, 2 c.
BARBEL, fish, II. 298 (ill.).
Barbela, a name of the Congo, V. 241, 2 b,
BARBE-MARBOIS, Frangois de, count and mar
quis [bar-ba-mar-bwaj, French statesman, II.
299.
BAR BER, Francis, Dr. Johnson s servant, II.
299.
BAKBER, Francis, American officer, II. 299.
BARBERINI [bar-ba-re -ne], Italian family, II.
299. Maffeo, pope as Urban VIII., 300, 1 a ;
XVI. 222, 1 ab. Taddeo, prefect of Rome,
II. 300, 1 ab. Francesco, cardinal, 1 b. An
tonio, cardinal, ib. Barberini library and
palace, ib. Enrico, prince of Palestrina, 1 c.
Barberini or Portland vase, VIII. 8, 1 c (ill.,
2 b). Wedgwood s copies of, XVI. 534, 2 b.
Barber poet, IX. 568, 2 c.
BAR BERRY, shrub, II. 300 (ill.). Injurious to
wheat, VII. 531, 1 c. Use in hedges, VIII.
604, 2 c. Leaf of (ill.), X. 266, 2 c. Ferti
lization of by insects, IX. 309, 1 c.
BARBES, Armand [bar-bace], French revolu
tionist, II. 301.
Barbet : see POODLE, XIII. 704, 2 c.
Barbette [bar-bet ], in fortification, VII. 334,
2 ab.
BARBEYRAC, Jean [bar-bii-rak], French jurist,
II. 301.
Barbie-els, in feathers, VII. 104, 1 b.
BARBIE DU BOCAGE, Jean Denis [bar-by a dti
biih-kazh], French geographer, II. 301.
BARBIER, Antoine Alexandre [bar-by a], French
bibliographer, II. 301. Edmond Jean Fran
cois, jurist, 2 ab. Henri Auguste, poet, 2 b.
Paul Jules, dramatist, 2 c.
BARBIERI, Giovanni Francesco [bar-bya -re] :
see GUEBCIXO.
Barbiton, musical instrument, X. 759, 2 c ;
XVI. 366, 2 c.
BARBOU [bar-boo], family of French printers,
II. 301.
BARBOUR [bar -ber], three counties, II. 302.
BARBOUR, James, American statesman, II. 302.
BARBOUR, John, Scottish poet and historian,
II. 302.
Barboursville, county seats, III. 524, 2 c ; X.
32, 1 c.
BARBS
BARKING
Paris, in feathers, VII. 104, 1 a.
Bar lules, in feathers, VII. 104, 1 ab.
Barbm (ichthyology), II. 298, 2 c (ill.).
BAR BY, town of Prussia, II. 302.
BARCA, country bf Africa, II. 302.
BARCA, ancient city of Cyrenaica, II. 303.
BARCA, or Barcas, Punic epithet, II. 303.
Bar ce : see BARCA, city.
BARCELONA [Sp. bar-M-lo -na], province of
Spain, II. 303. Capital city, 2 ab (ill.).
Bank of, 304, 1 b. Original bank of, 273,
2 b. Treaty of, IV. 295, 2 ab. Bombard
ment of in 1842, X. 369, 2 c. Capture of
by Peterborough, XIII. 354, 2 b.
BARCELONA, state of Venezuela, II. 304. Capi
tal city, 2 be.
Barchusen [bar / - k hoo-zcn] : see BARCKHAUSEN.
BARCKHAUSEX, Johann Konrad [bark -how-
zen], German physician and chemist, II. 305.
BARCLAY, Alexander [bark -le], English poet,
II. 305.
BARCLAY, John, Scottish anatomist, II. 305.
BARCLAY, John, English Latin author, II. 305.
BARCLAY, or Barclay-Allardice, Robert (Cap
tain Barclay), II. 305.
BARCLAY, Robert (Barclay of Ury), Scottish
Quaker, II. 306.
BARCLAY, William, Scottish jurist, II. 306.
Barclay, Captain, British naval officer, VI.
713, 2 a.
Barclayan museum,, II. 305, 1 c.
BARCLAY DE TOLLY, Michael, prince, Russian
general, II. 306.
BAR-COKHEBA [bar-ko- k hSh-ba ], Jewish insur
gent and impostor, II. 306. Allusions to, I.
226, 2 c; IX. 621, 1 c.
BARD, professional poet, II. 306.
BARD, John, American physician, II. 307.
Samuel, physician, 308, 1 a.
Bardanes, PhiUppicus [bar-da -neez], Byzantine
emperor, III. 515, 1 b; IX. 728, 2 ab.
BAR DAS, a Byzantine usurper, II. 308; 361,
2 a.
Bar-Deisan : see BAEDESANES.
BARDESA NES, Syrian Gnostic, founder of a sect,
II. 308.
BARDILI, Christoph Gottfried [bar-de -le], Ger
man metaphysical writer, II. 308.
BARDIN, Jean [bar-da 1 *], French painter, II.
308.
Sardines [bar-dl -neez] : see BARADA.
BARDIXGS: see ARMOR, I. 734, 1 a (barding
proper).
BARDSTOWX, town of Kentucky, II. 308.
Bardu li, ancient Greek town, supposed site
of, II. 315, 2 a.
BARE BOXE, Praise God, English fanatic, II.
308. Barebone s parliament, 2 be ; V. 506, 1 c.
BAREFOOTED FRIARS AND NUNS, II. 308.
BAREGES [ba-raizh], watering place of France,
II. 309.
BAREILLE, Jean Francois, abbe [ba-ray j, French
theologian, II. 309.
BAREILY [ba-ra -le], city of India, II. 309.
BARENTZ, "Willem [ba -rents], Dutch navigator,
II. 309.
BARERE DE VIETJZAC, Bertrand [bit-rail* dub
vyuh-zak], French revolutionist, II. 309.
BARET TI, Giuseppe, Italian writer, II. 310.
Bar fish, II. 368, 1 c.
BARGAIN AND SALE, II. 310.
BARGE [bar -ja], town of Piedmont, II. 310.
BAR IIAM, Richard Harris, English humorist,
II. 310.
Bar-Helrce m : see ABULFARAGIUS.
BARI [ba -re], seaport of Italy, II. 311.
BARI, negro tribe, II. 311.
BARI, Terra di, province of Italy, II. 311.
BARIL LA, II. 311 ; 5, 2 a; XV. 150, 1 a.
BARIMA [ba-re -ma], river of South America,
II. 311.
BARIXAS [ba -re -nass], (now Zamora), state of
Venezuela, II. 312. City, 1 ab.
BA RIXG, family of, II. 312. See ASHBURTOX,
I. 807. Relationship with the Hope family,
VIII. 811, 1 c. Thomas Baring on the
financial crisis of 1847. XI. 736, 1 ab.
BARING-GOULD, Sabine, English clergyman and
author, II. 312.
Baris, negro tribe : see BART.
Ba rium, ancient city : see BARI, Italy.
BARIUM, metal, II. 312. Iodide of, XIII. 760,
1 c.
BARK, of trees, II. 313; XIII. 579, 1 c (ills.).
Use of in tanning, X. 270, 2 b ; 272, 1 b ;
274, 2 a; 277, 1 a; 278, 1 b.
Baric, a vessel, XIV. 855, 1 c.
Barkantine [bar -kan-teen], a vessel, XIV. 855,
2b.
BAR KER, Fordyce, American physician, II.
314.
BARKER, Jacob, American financier, II. 314.
Barker, Prof., on the variation of atomic
equivalence, II. 89, 1 ab.
Barter 1 * mill, VIII. 692, 1 a; XVI. 45, 1 a.
Baric extract, X. 272, 2 c.
BARKING, town of England, II. 314. Barking
abbey, 2 c.
76
BARK LOUSE
BARE
Baric louse, Harris s, XIII. 212, 2 ab (PEAK).
Baric pit, in hotbeds, IX. 8, 2 ab.
BAEL/E US, Gaspar : see BAEELE.
BAK-LE-DUC [bar-luh-diik], town of France,
II. 315 (ill.).
BAELET TA, town of Italy, II. 315. Siege of,
VIII. 99, 1 be.
BAELETTA, Gabriello, Italian preacher, II. 315.
BAR LEY, II. 315 (ills.). English barley, 1 ab.
Pearl barley, 316, 1 c. Use of in brewing,
III. 257, 1 b, ff. Wine of, II. 469, 1 c.
Barlines, negro tribe, X. 398, 2 b.
Barlow, Arthur, English navigator, I. 425,
1 b.
BARLOW, Joel, American poet, II. 316.
BAELOW, or Barlowe, William, English theolo
gian, II. 217.
Barmecide feast, II. 317, 2 a.
BAR MECTDES, family of Khorasan, II. 317.
Barmelc, KMled ben, II. 317, 1 c.
BAE MEX, town of Germany, II. 317.
BAEXABAS, Epistle of, II. 317.
BAEXABAS, Saint, II. 318.
BAEXABITES, religious order, II. 318 ; XI. 730,
2 c.
BARNACLE (zoology), II. 319. Goose barnacles
(ill.), *&.
Barnacle goose (ornithology), VIII. 107, 2 a
(ill.).
BAR NARD, Frederick Augustus Porter, LL. D.,
American scholar and educator, II. 319.
BAEXAED, Henry, LL. D., American scholar
and educator, II. 320.
BAEXAED, John Gross, American military en
gineer, II. 320.
BAEXAED, Sir John, English merchant, II. 320.
BARNAUL [bar-na-ool ], town of Siberia, II. 320.
BAEXAVE, Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie [bar-
nav], French revolutionist, II. 321.
Barnburners, political party, XV. 597, 1 a.
BAEXEGAT , village of New Jersey, II. 321.
Bay of, 2 b.
BAEXES, Albert [barnz], American theologian,
II. 321.
Barnes, Lady Juliana : see BERXEES.
BAEXES, Thomas, English journalist, II. 322.
BAEXES, William, English poet and philologist,
II. 322.
BarnevelcTs island : see OSHIMA.
BAR NEVELDT, Jan van Olden, grand pensionary
of Holland, II. 322 ; I. 728, 1 c ; XL 288, 1
c ; XII. 248, 1 b-c. See AARSEXS, Frans van.
BARNEY, Joshua, American naval officer, II.
322.
BARXI, Jules Romain [bar-ne], French author,
II. 323.
Barnloclc, surname of Magnus I. of Sweden,
XV. 508, 2 b.
BAEXSLEY, town of England, IL 323.
BAEX STABLE, county of Massachusetts, II. 823.
Town, 2 b.
BAEXSTAPLE, town of England, II. 323,
BAEXUM, Phineas Taylor, American showman,
II. 323. His engagement of Jenny Lind, X.
501, 2 a.
BAEXWELL, county, IT. 324.
Barnwell Court House, county seat, II. 324, 2 a.
BAEOACH : see BEOACH.
Barocci [ba-rot -che] : see BAROCCIO.
BAEOCCIO, Fiori Federigo [ba-rot -cho], Italian
painter, II. 324.
BAEOCHE, Pierre Jules [ba-rush], French states
man, II. 324.
BARO DA, district of India, II. 324. Capital
city, 325, 2 a. State procession at Baroda
(ill.), ib. See GUICOWAR.
Barolong, African tribe, II. 438, 2 ab.
BAEOM ETEE, II. 325. Torricelli s, 326, 1 a (ill.).
Guericke s, 1 c. Cistern barometer, 2 ab
(ill.). Greene s, 2 c (ills., 327). Siphon, 327,
1 a; Gay-Lussac s, 1 c (ill.); Bunten s im
proved, it), (ill.). Common index and dial
barometer, 2 a (ill.). Filling with mercury,
2 c. Water barometer, 328, 1 b. Self-
registering barometers, 1 c. Naval barome
ters, 2 c (ill.). Cause of varying atmospheric
pressure, 329, 1 ab. Boiling-point barometer,
1 c. Aneroid, 2 a (ills.). Wheel barometer,
invention of, XVI. 735, 2 be.
BAEOMETEICAL MEASIIEEMEXT, II. 330. Baro
metric anomalies, 331, 1 c.
Barometric pressure, XL 444, 2 a.
BAEOX [ba -run], title, II. 331.
BAEOX AXD FEME [fern], Norman French law
term, II. 832.
BAEONET, title, II. 332.
BAEO XIUS, or Baronio, Cesare, Italian his
torian, II. 332.
BAEOXY, in England, II. 332. In Ireland, 2 a,
Baros ma crena ta (botany), III. 385, 1 a (ill.).
Barote [Fr. ba-rut], first name of baryta, II.
313, 1 a.
BAEOT SE, valley and tribe of Africa, II. 332.
BAEOZZIO DA VIGXOLA : see VIGXOLA.
BAEQUISIMETO [bar-ke-se-ma -to], state of Vene
zuela, II. 332. Capital city, 333, 1 a.
BARE, town of Germany, II. 333.
BABE, kingdom of Africa, II. 333.
BARRA
BARTAS
77
Barra, Africa : see BAEE.
Barrdboo , county seat, XIV. 642, 2 c.
BAEEA ISLANDS, Scotland, II. 333.
BAEEACKPOOE , town of Bengal, II. 333 (ill.).
BAEEAL, Jean Augustin [bur-ral], French chem
ist and physician, II. 334.
BAEEAS, Paul Francois Jean Nicolas, count de
[bar-ra], French revolutionist, II. 334 ; III.
38, 1 be.
BAE BATEY, in maritime law, II. 334. In
criminal law : see BAEEETEY.
Barray islands : see BAEEA ISLANDS.
BAEEE, Antoine Joseph le Fevre de la [duh la,
bar], French naval officer, II. 334.
BAEEE, Isaac [bar-ra ], English soldier and
statesman, II. 335.
BAREEGES : see BAEEGES.
BAE EEL, II. 335. How made, 2 b. As a
measure of capacity, 2 c. Barrel bulk, 330.
1 a.
BAEEELIEE, Jacques [bar-riih-lya], French bot
anist, II. 336.
Barrel of a feather, VII. 103, 2 b.
Barrel of a fowling piece, construction of,
VII. 356, 2 a, if.
Barrel of a watch, IV. 701, 2 a.
Barrel or hand organ, XII. 691, 1 b.
BARREN, county, II. 336.
Barrens, of Barren co., Ky., II. 336, 1 c; IX.
798, 1 b ; 799, 2 a.
BAEEETO, Francisco de [bar-ra -to], governor
of the Portuguese Indies, II. 336.
Barretor : see BAEEETEY.
BAEEETEY, in criminal law, II. 336.
BAEEETT, Benjamin Fisk, American clergyman
and author, II. 336.
BAEEETT, George Ilorton, actor, II. 336.
Barrett, Col. James : see CONCOED, V. 206, 1 c, ff.
BAEEHEAD, village of Scotland, II. 337.
Barrie, county seat, XV. 58, 1 a.
Barriere tfEnfer [bar-re-air da ng -fair], Paris,
IV. 96, 1 c (CATACOMBS).
BAEEIEE REEFS, II. 337.
Barrier treaty, II. 490, 2 c.
Barrilla [Sp. bar-re -lya] : see BARILLA.
BAEEIXGTON, John Shute-Barrington, viscount,
English lawyer and author, II. 337. William
Wildman, viscount, 1 b. Dames, jurist and
naturalist, ib. Samuel, naval officer, 1 c.
Shute, prelate, ib.
BAREINGTON, Sir Jonah, Irish lawyer and au
thor, II. 337.
Barrister, X. 237, 1 b (LAWYER).
BAEEOX, county, II. 337.
BAREON, James, American naval officer, II. 337.
BAEEON, Samuel, naval officer, II. 338.
BAEEON, Samuel, naval officer, II. 338.
Barron s lock, X. 562, 2 c.
BAEEOS, Joao de [bar -roos], Portuguese histo
rian, II. 839.
BAEEOT, Camille Hyacinthe Odilon [ba-ro],
French advocate and statesman, II. 339.
(Died 1873.) Victorin Ferdinand, 2 b.
BAREOW, a mound, II. 339 ; ills., 340.
BAEEOW, river of Ireland, II. 340.
BARROW, Isaac, English divine and mathema
tician, II. 340.
BAEEOW, Sir John, English traveller and au
thor, II. 340. John, traveller and author,
341, 1 a.
BAEEOW-IN-FUENESS, town of England, II. 341.
BAEEOW STEAIT, Arctic America, II. 341.
Barruly, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a.
BAEEUNDIA, Jose Francisco [bar-roon -^e-a],
Central American statesman, II. 341.
BAEEY [bar -re], two counties, II. 341.
Barry [bar -re], in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a.
See plate (after p. 670), near the bottom on
the left.
BAEEY, Sir Charles, English architect, II: 341.
Edward Middleton, architect, 2 c.
BAEEY, Gerald, or Giraldus Cambrensis, Brit
ish historian, II. 342.
BAEEY, James, Irish painter, II. 342.
BAEEY, John, American naval officer, II. 342.
BAEEY, Marie Jeanne Gomard de Vaubernier,
countess du, mistress of Louis XV., II. 342.
BAEEY, Martin, English physiologist, II. 343.
Barry, P., on budding, III. 404, 1 b.
Barry-bendy, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a. See
plate (after p. 670), near the bottom on the
left.
Barry Cornwall, pseudonyme, XIV. 26, 2 c.
BAES [borsh], county of Hungary, II. 343.
BAESAC [bar-sak], village of France, II. 343.
Wines of, 1 b.
Bars of the foot (of a horse), VIII. 826, 1 b.
BAESU MA, a Nestorian bishop, II. 343. A
Syrian archimandrite, 1 c.
BAE-suE-ArBE [bar-sur-obe], town of France,
II. 343.
Bar-sur-Ornain [-sur-or-na ng ] : see BAE-LE-DFO.
BAR-STJR-SEINE [-stir-sain], town of France, IT.
343.
BART, Jean [bar], French naval officer, II. 343.
Frangois, 2 be. Gaspard, ib.
BAETAS, Guillaume de Salluste du [du bar-tas],
French poet, II. 343.
78
BARTFELD
BASARJIK
BARTFELD [bart -f elt], town of Hungary, II. 343.
EARTH [bart], town of Prussia, II. 344.
BARTH, Christian Gottlob, German divine and
philanthropist, II. 344.
BARTII, Heinrich, German explorer, II. 344 ;
532, 2 be.
BARTHELEMY, Auguste Marseille [bar-tail-me],
French poet, II. 345.
BARTHELEMY, Francois, marquis de, diploma
tist, II. 345.
BARTHELEMY, Jean Jacques, archaeologist and
author, II. 346.
BARTHELEMY-SAINT-HILAIRE, Jules [-sa ng -te-
liiirj, savant, II. 346.
Barthes: see BARTHEZ.
BARTHEZ, Paul Joseph [bar-tace], French phy
sician, II. 346. Antoine Charles Ernest de,
physician, 2 b.
BARTIIOLD, Friedrich Wilhelm [bar -tolt], Ger
man historian, II. 346.
BARTHOLDY, Jakob Salomon [bar-tole -de],
Prussian diplomatist, II. 346.
BARTHOLIN, Kaspar [bar -to-lin], Danish phy
sician and savant, II. 347. Thomas, physi
cian, 1 b.
Bartlwlin, duct of, XIV. 566, 1 c.
BartJioli nus, Erasmus, his discovery of double
refraction, X. 441, 2 a.
Bartholomaus lake [bar-to-lo-ma -oos], Bava
ria, II. 550, 1 c.
BARTHOI/OMEW, county, II. 347.
BARTHOLOMEW, Saint, II. 347. Martyrdom of,
2 b ; I. 724, 2 b.
BARTHOLOMEW, Saint, massacre of, II. 347.
See CHARLES IX., IV. 287, 2 c ; CATHARINE
DE MEDICI, 114, 2 b ; L HOPITAL, X. 294, 1 a.
BARTHOLOMEW, Valentine, English painter, II.
347. Anne Charlotte, painter and poetess,
2 a.
BARTHOLOMEW BAYOU, II. 347, 1 c.
Bartholomew* s fair, London, VII. 58, 2 a.
BARTLETT, Elisha, American physician and
author, II. 349.
BARTLETT, Ichabod, American lawyer, II. 349.
BARTLETT, John Russell, American author, II.
349.
BARTLETT, Joseph, American wit, poet, and
adventurer, II. 350.
BARTLETT, Josiah, M. D., American patriot and
statesman, IT. 350.
BARTLETT, William, one of the founders of
Andover theological seminary, II. 350.
BARTLETT, William Henry, English artist and
author, II. 350.
Bartlett oxide, zinc paint, XVI. 826, 2 b.
BAR TOL, Cyrus Augustus, American author
and clergyman, II. 350.
BARTOLI, Daniele [bar -to-le], Italian author,
II. 351.
BARTOLI, Pietro Santi, Italian engraver, II. 351.
Bartoli, Taddeo and Domenico di: see BAR-
TOLO.
BARTOLIXI, Lorenzo [bar-to-le -ne], Italian
sculptor, II. 351.
BAR TOLO, Taddeo di, Italian painter, 1.1. 351.
Domenico di, painter, 2 b.
BARTOLOMMEO, Fra [fra bar-to-lom-ma -o], Ital
ian painter, II. 351.
BARTOLOZZI, Francesco [bar-to-lot - se], Italian
engraver, II. 352.
BARTON, two counties, II. 352.
BARTON, Benjamin Smith, American naturalist,
II. 352. William P. C., botanist, 2 a.
BARTON, Bernard, English poet, II. 352. Ma
ria Hack, 2 b. Lucy, ib.
BARTON. Elizabeth, the Holy Maid or the Nun
of Kent, religious impostor, II. 352.
BARTON, William, American soldier, II. 852.
His capture of the British general Prescott,
353, 1 a. Released from imprisonment for
debt by Lafayette, 1 b.
BARTOW, county, II. 353.
BARTRAM, John, American botanist, II. 353.
William, botanist and ornithologist. 2 a.
BARTSCH, Johann Adam Bernnard von, Ger
man engraver, II. 353. Friedrich Joseph
Adam von, 2 c.
BARTSCH, Karl Friedrich, German philologist,
II. 353.
BARUCH [ba -ruk], friend of the prophet Jere
miah, II. 353. Book of, 354, 1 a.
BARY, Hendrik [ba-rl j, Dutch engraver, II.
354.
BARYE, Antoine Louis [ba-rC], French sculp
tor, II. 354. (Died 1875.)
Baryga za, ancient city, III. 301, 2 c (BROACH).
BARY TA: see BARIUM, II. 313, 1 a.
Baryta saltpetre, XII. 463, 2 b.
Baryta salts, II. 313, 2 a.
Bary tes : see BARIUM, II. 313, 1 a.
BAS [has], island of France, II. 354.
Bas, Bithynian chief, II. 669, 2 a.
BASALT [ba-sawlt j, rock, II. 354. Transition
from the vitreous to the stony texture, XVI.
513, 2 c; 514, 1 a.
Ba sanite: see LYDIAN STONE.
BASAR JIK (properly Bazarjik), name of towns
in European Turkey, II. 354.
BA8
BASS
79
"Baa Bleu, The" [ba blub], poem, II. 759,
2 c (BLUE STOCKINGS).
Bos Breton language [ba briih-to ng ], IV. 177,
1 b, 2 a.
Bas-chevaliers [ba-shev-a-leers ; Fr. shuh-va-
lya], IV. 497, 1 a (CHIVALRY).
BASCIII, Matteo [bas -ke], founder of the Capu
chins, II. 355 ; III. 763, 1 b.
BAS COM, Henry Bidleman, D. D., LL. D., Amer
ican bishop, II. 355.
BASCOM, John, American scholar and author,
II. 355.
BASE, in chemistry, II. 355; XII. 474, 2 c;
XIV. 582, 1 be.
Base, in painting, XII. 804, 2 b.
BASE BALL, game, II. 355 ; ill., 35G.
BASEDOW, Johann Bernhard [ba -zeh-do], Ger
man reformer of education, II. 356.
Basedoufs disease, VIII. 566, 2 b.
Base drum, VI. 271, 2 ab.
BASEL [ba -zel], canton of Switzerland, II. 357.
City, 2 a (ill.).
BASEL, Council of, II. 358. On the immacu
late conception, IX. 195, 1 c. On the
eucharist, X. 638, 2 b. Action on monasti-
cism, XL 730, 2 ab.
Basel, peace of, in 1795, XV. 213, 1 be ; in
1499, 530, 1 c.
Basement membrane, in anatomical structure,
I. 462, 2 c.
Base metals, among alchemists, I. 335, 1 b.
Bases, in chemistry, XII. 767, 2 c.
BASEVI, George [bas -e-ve], English architect,
II. 359.
Bas-fond [Fr. ba-fo ns ], part of the bladder, II.
686, 1 c, 2 ab.
BA SIIAN, Palestine, II. 359. Cities of, 2 c.
BASHAW : see PASHA.
BASII KIRS, Russian tribes, II. 360 (ill.).
Bashkurts [bash -koorts] : see BASHKIRS.
Bashmuric version of the Scriptures, V. 333,
1 a and b (Copxs).
Basic oxides, in chemistry, XII. 767, 2 c.
BASIL [baz -il], plant, II. 360. Sweet basil
(ill.), 361.
BA SIL, Bulgarian monk, II. 361.
BASIL I., the Macedonian, emperor of the East,
II. 361. Basil II., 2 c.
BASIL THE GREAT, saint, II. 362 ; XL 729, 1 c.
BASILAN [ba-se-lan J, island of the Malay archi
pelago, ,11. 362.
Basil ia, or Basiliana, ancient name of Basel,
II. 357, 2 c.
BASILIAN MONKS, II. 363.
Basilian a: see Basilia (Index).
BASIL ICA, public building, II. 363. Basilica
Julia, 2 a. See ROME, XIV. 411, 1 a. Lat-
eran basilica, X. 183, 1 b.
Basilica, the, Romano-Greek code, IV. 625,
1 a; III. 515, 2 c.
Basilican Constitutions, II. 361, 2 be. See
Basilica (Index).
BASILICATA [ba-ze-le-ka -ta], province of Italy,
II. 363.
Basil icon Doron, of James L, alluded to, IX.
517, 1 ab.
"Basilica" the, X. 351, 1 b. See Basilica
(Index).
BASILIDES [ba-sil -e-deez], founder of a Gnostic
sect, II. 363.
Basilidians, Gnostic sect, their principles, II.
363, 2 c.
Basilid ian stones, I. 32, 2 c (ABRAXAS).
BASILIS CUS, emperor of the East, II. 364.
Basiliscus (zoology), II. 3(54, 2 a. B. mitratus,
2 c (ill.). B. vittatus, ib.
BASILISK [baz -e-lisk], saurian reptile, II. 364
(ill.).
Basil im: see BASIL.
BASILOSAU RUS : see ZEUGLODON.
Basil Valentine, German chemist, IV. 358, 2 b.
Basin, in distinction from dock, VI. 166, 1 a.
BAS KERVILLE, John, English printer, II. 365.
BASKET, II. 365. Wicker boats, 1 c. Water
tight baskets, 2 a. Uses of wickerwork,
2 ab. Basket making, 2 b. Splint baskets,
366, 1 b.
Basket willow, II. 366, 1 b. See OSIER.
Basle [bal] : see BASEL.
BASNAGE DE BEAUVAL, Jacques [ba-nazh diihbo-
val], French author and diplomatist, II. 366.
BASQUE PROVINCES : see BASQUES.
BASQUES [basks], II. 366 (ill.). Their character
and condition, 1 a. Political constitution,
1 c. History, 367, 1 a. Language, 1 b.
Basra : see BASSORAII.
BAS-RIIIN [ba-ra ng ], former department of
France, II. 367.
BASS [has], fish, II. 367. European bass, 2 c
(ill.). Sea bass, 368, 1 a. Striped bass,
1 ab (ill.). Bar fish, 2 c. Ruddy and little
white bass, it). Black bass of the lakes, 2 a
(ill.). Oswego bass, 2 b. White bass, 2 c.
Grass bass, i7j. Rock bass, 369, 1 ab (ill.).
Growler, 1 c.
BASS, tree : see LINDEN.
Bass, in plants : see BAST.
Bass [base], in music, XII. 75, 2 a ; 84, 2 c.
80
BASS
BATEA
BASS, George A., English navigator, II. 369.
Bassan : see BASSAXO, painters.
BASSAXO [bas-sa -no], town of Italy, II. 369
(ill.).
BASSAXO, family of Italian painters, II. 370.
Francesco da Ponte, 1 b. Giacomo da Ponte
(II Bassano), ib. Francesco, ib.
BASSANO, Hugues Bernard Maret, duke of,
French statesman, II. 370. Napoleon Joseph
Hugues Maret, duke of, 2 c. Eugene de
Bassano, prince, ib.
Bassam, the : see BASSAXO, painter.
BAS SAXTIX, James, Scottish astronomer and
mathematician, II. 370.
Bassantoun : see BASSAXTIX.
BASSAXYILLE, Anai s Lebrun de, countess [diih
bas-sa ng -veel], French writer, II. 371.
Ba* saris astu ta (zoology), IV. 617, 2 he (ill.).
Bassas, negro tribe, X. 398, 2 be.
Bass lark, X. 502, 1 c. See BAST.
BASSEIX [bas-sain ], town of Pegu, II. 371. Of
Bombay, 2 b.
BASSELIX, Olivier [bas-la ng ], French poet, II. 371.
BASSES- ALPES [bas-iiilp], department of France,
II. 371.
BASSES-PYREXEES [-pe-ra-na], department of
France, II. 371. Wine of, VII. 411, 2 c.
BASSE-TERRE f-tfiir], chief town of St. Christo
pher, West Indies, II. 371. Of Guadeloupe,
2 b.
Basseville : see BASSYILLE.
BASSI, Laura Maria Catarina [bas -se], Italian
scholar, II. 371.
Bass-ia (botany), III. 501, 2 be, B. butyracea,
2 c. B. longifolia, ib. B. latifolia, 502, 1 a,
B. Parkii, ib. (ill.).
BASSOMPIEEKE, Francois, baron de [bas-so ng -
pyair], French courtier, IT. 371.
BASSOOX , musical instrument, II. 372.
BAS SORAII, town of Asiatic Turkey, II. 372.
Basso rilicro [bas -so re-lya -vo], XIV. 715, 1 c.
Bassorinc [bas -so-rin], VIII. 320, 1 b.
Bass relief [base re-leef ; Fr. Ins relief, ba rfth-
lySf] : see Basso riliew (Index).
BASS ROCK, Scotland, II. 372.
BASS STRAIT, Australasia, II. 372.
BASSU TOS, African tribe, II. 372 ; 438, 2 a.
BASSVILLE, Nicolas Jean Hugon or Husson de
[bas-veel], French writer and diplomatist,
II. 372.
Basswood: see LIXDEX, X. 502, 1 a. Origin
of the name, II. 373, 2 a.
BAST, inner bark, II. 372. Uses of, 373, 1 c ;
X. 502, 2 a.
Bast, or Pasht, Egyptian deity, XII. 116, 2 a.
Bas tah, Moorish name of Baza, II. 410, 2 c.
Bastan Zubi [bas-tan thoo -be], river, II. 624,
2 b (BIDASSOA).
BAS TAKD, illegitimate child, II. 373,
Bastard of Orleans, VI. 318, 2 a,
Bastard wing, VII. 105, 2 c (FEATHERS).
Bast cells, of the bark of plants, II. 372, 2 c ;
XIII. 579, 1 a.
Bast fibres, of the bark of plants, XIII. 579,
1 a,
Bas ti, ancient town : see BAZA.
BASTIA [bas-te -a], town of Corsica, II. 374
(ill.).
BASTIAX, Adolph [bas -te-an], German travel
ler, II. 374.
BASTIAN, II. Charlton [baV-chun], English
physician, II. 374. On spontaneous genera
tion, VI. 560, 2 be.
Bastiana, rnedia3val name of Baza, II. 410, 2 c.
BASTIAT, Frederic [bas-te-a], French econo
mist, II. 375 ; XIII. 678, 1 b.
BASTIDE, Jules [bas-teed], French publicist and
politician, II. 375.
Bastides, free towns, X. 401, 2 c.
BASTILE [bas-teel 7 ], prison and citadel of Paris,
II. 375 (ill.). Erection of, IV. 285, 2 c.
Bastille [Fr. bas-teey ] : see BASTILE.
BAS TIOX : see FORTIFICATIOX, VII. 330, 1 b,
ff.(bastioned system).
Bast mats, X. 502, 2 a.
BASTROP, county, II. 376.
Bastrop, county seats, II. 376, 2 a ; XL 824, 2 a.
Bast tree, X. 502, 1 a.
Basyle [bas -il], XIV. 582, 1 c (SALTS).
BAT, II. 376. Common bat (ill.), 2 b. Long-
eared bat, 377, 2 b (ill.). Vampire bat, 378,
1 c (ill.). Flying fox or roussette. 2 c (ill.).
Bats of North America, 379, 1 a,
BATAK , a race of Sumatra, II. 879; XL 56,
1 be. Their currency, II. 545, 2 ab.
BATAX^E A : see BASHAX, II. 359, 2 ab.
BATAN GAS, province of Luzon, II. 379. Capi
tal town, 2 c.
BATATAS [ba-ta -tas] : see POTATO, and YAM.
Batatas edulis (botany), XIII. 767, 2 a.
Batava Castra : see PASSAU.
BATA YI, ancient tribe, II. 379 ; XII. 246, 2 a.
BATAVIA, city of Java, II. 380 (ill.).
BATAVIA, village of New York, II. 381.
BATAVIAX REPUBLIC, II. 381 ; XII. 249, 1 be.
BATCIIIAX , island (Moluccas), II. 381.
Bate, in tanning, X. 274, 1 b.
Batea [ba-ta -a], in gold mining, VIII. 82, 2 a.
BATEMAN
BATTING
81
BATE MAN, Kate Josephine, American actress,
II. 381.
Batenian sect, Moslem offshoot, VI. 272. 2 b
. (DEUSES).
BATENITES : see ASSASSINS.
BATES, county, II. 381.
BATES, Barnabas, American promoter of cheap
postage, II. 381.
BATES, Edward, LL. D., American statesman
and jurist, II. 381.
BATES, Joshua, English banker, II. 381.
Bates college, Lewiston, Me., X. 388, 2 ab (ill.).
Batesville, county seat, IX. 198, 2 c.
BATH, for washing the body, II. 382. Roman
baths, 1 c, 383, 2 b. Public bath at Pom
peii, 382, 1 c ; plan of, 2 a. Frigidarium,
2 b (ill.). Apodyterium, 383, 1 a (ill.). Te-
pidarium, 1 c (ill.). Baths of Titus, 383,
2 a (ill.). Plan of baths of Caracalla, 2 c.
Turkish bath, 384, 1 b (ill.). Mexican steam
bath, 385, 1 a (ill.). Japanese bath, 1 ab
(ill.). Hygiene of bathing, 385, 1 c.
Bath, for electroplating, VII. GOO, 1 b ; simple
(ill.), 2 b ; compound (ill.), 001, 1 a.
BATH, county, II. 387.
BATH, city of Maine, II. 387.
BATH, township and village of New York, II.
388.
Bath, Virginia : see BERKELEY SPRINGS.
BATH, city of England, II. 388 (ill.). See
NASH, Richard, XII. 149, 2 c.
BATH, Earl of : see PULTENEY, William.
BATH, Knights of the, II. 388.
Bath Court House : see WARM SPRINGS.
Bathil da, trade in French children suppressed
by, VII. 58, 1 b.
Bathing : see BATH.
Bath metal, III. 213, 2 a.
Bathom eter, Morse s, XI. 850, 2 b. Perkins s,
XIII. 306, 2 be. Siemens s, XV. 31, 1 c.
BATHORI, or Bathory [ba -to-re], family of,
II. 389. Stephen (three), Hungarian com
mander, waywode of Transylvania, and king
of Poland, 1 c. Christopher, prince of Tran
sylvania, 2 a. Sigismund, prince, ib. Ga
briel, prince, 2 b. Elizabeth, countess, noto
rious for her cruelty, 2 be.
BATH URST, town of New Brunswick, II. 889.
BATHURST, county of New South Wales, II.
389. Town, 390, 1 a.
BATHCRST, settlement in Africa, II. 390.
BATHURST, old English family, II. 390. Ralph,
dean of Wells, 1 c. Allen, first Earl Bath-
urst, 2 a. Henry, chief justice, 2 b. Henry,
6
bishop of Norwich, ib. Henry, second Earl
Bathurst, 2 c.
Bathurst, Sir Benjamin, allusion to, II. 390, 2 a.
BATHURST INLET, Arctic ocean, II. 390.
BATHYANYI : see BATTIIYANYI.
BATHYB IUS, low form of protozoa, II. 390.
See PROTOPLASM, XIV. 35, 2 b.
BATHYL LUS OF ALEXANDRIA, pantomime, II.
391 ; 243, 2 b.
Batjati [bat-yan J : see BATCIIIAN.
Batlapi, African tribe, II. 438, 2 ab.
Batoana, African tribe, II. 438, 2 b.
BATO KA, African tribe, II. 391.
Baton and riband, in heraldry, VIII. G72, 1 c.
See plate (after p. G70), at the middle on the
left.
BATONI, Pompco Girolamo [ba-to -ne], Italian
painter, II. 391.
BATON ROUGE [bat -un roozh], city of Louisi
ana, II. 391.
BATON ROUGE, East and West : see EAST BATON
ROUGE, and WEST BATON ROUGE.
Batrachians [ba-tra -ke-ans], in zoology: see
AMPHIBIA, HERPETOLOGY, REPTILES, FROG,
and TOAD.
Batracliomyoma cliia, Homeric poem, VIII.
778, 2 c.
Batracho-spermum monilifor me (botany), VII.
248, 2 a.
Batra chus (ichthyology), XV. 779, 1 c. B.
grunniens, 2 a. B. tan, 2 b (ill.).
BATSHIAN : see BATCHIAN.
Batsman, in the game of cricket, V. 482, 2 ab.
BATTA : see BATAK.
Batta, soldier s allowance in India, II. 539, 1 c.
Battement [bat-ma ng ], in fencing, VII. 121, 1 c.
Batten, in weaving, XVI. 523, 2 a,
Batteries, floating iron-clad, XII. 187, 1 be.
Russian, IX. 387, 2 (ills.).
BATTERING RAM, II. 391 (ill.).
BAT TERSEA, suburb of London, II. 392.
BATTERY, in law, II. 392.
Battery, of artillery, I. 788, 1 c, 2 a ; 797, 2 a.
Battery, in sugar making, XV. 446, 1 b.
Battery, a public park in New York, XII. 379,
2 c. Origin of the name, X. 330, 2 ab.
BATTERY, Galvanic : see GALVANISM.
Battery, Stevens s, IX. 377, 2 b.
BATTEUX, Charles [ba-tuh], French writer on
aesthetics, II. 393.
BATTHYANYI, Kazmer (Casimir), [bot -yan-ye],
Hungarian statesman, II. 393. Lajos (Louis),
1 c; IX. 59, 2 b; 61, 1 c.
Batting, of cotton, V. 413, 2 a.
82
BATTLE
BAYADEER
BATTLE, town of England, II. 393.
Battle, trial by, IV. 248, 2 b. Introduction into
England, 2 c; continuance there, 249, 1 a.
BATTLE AXE, military weapon, II. 393.
BATTLE CREEK, city of Michigan, II. 394.
Battledoor, in glass making, VIII. 15, 1 c.
Battle of the giants, VII. 416, 2 b; XL 370,
1 b (MELEGXAXO).
Battle of the Kegs," ballad, origin of, III. 484,
1 c.
Battle of the spurs (at Guinegate), II. 406, 1 c.
Battle of the thirty, II. 427, 2 c.
Battu [bat-too ], cultivated amaranthus, VIII.
336, 2 a. See I. 377, 1 a (AMARANTH).
Batture, the, of Xew Orleans, X. 546, 2 c.
BATU KUAN [ba-too kan], Mongol conqueror,
II. 394.
BATUTA, Ibn [ba-too -ta], Moorish traveller
and theologian, II. 394.
BATYrsiiKOFF, Constantin Nikolayevitch [baf-
yoosh-kof], Russian poet, II. 394.
Batz [Ms], island: see BAS.
Ban [bow], tree, VII. 110, 1 b.
BAUCHER, Fra^ois [bo-sha], French teacher of
horsemanship, II. 394.
BAU CIS, mythical, II. 394.
BAUDELOCQUE, Jean Louis [bode-luk], French
surgeon, II. 394.
BAUDENS, Jean Baptiste Lucien [bo-da ng ce],
French surgeon, II. 394.
BAUDIX, Xicolas [bo-da ng ], French naturalist,
II. 395.
BAUDIX DES ARDENNES, Charles [da zar-den],
French naval officer, II. 395.
Baudouin [bo-dwa ng ] : see BALDWIN, III. 238, 1 a.
BAUDRAIS, Jean [bo-dra], French author, II. 395.
BATTDRILLART, Henri Joseph Leon [bo-dre-yar],
French economist, II. 395.
BAUER, Anton [bow -er], German jurist, II. 395.
BAUER, Bernard, abbg [bo-air], French priest,
II. 395.
BAUER, Bruno, German critic and theologian,
II. 396. Edgar, 2 a.
Bauer, Gcorg : see AGRICOLA, Georg.
BAUER, Georg Lorenz, German theologian, II.
396.
BAUGE [bo-zhfi], town of France, II. 396.
BAUHIX, Jean [bo-a ng ], French physician and
naturalist, II. 397; III. 131, 2 b; 132, 1 c.
BAUMAXXSIIOHLE [bow -mans-h6-lh], cave in
the Ilartz, II. 397.
Baumherg, Galriele [bowm -bairg], wife of
Bacsyanyi, II. 207, 2 b.
BAUME, Antoine [bo-ma], French apothecary
and chemist, II. 397. His hydrometer, IX.
124, 2 ab (ill.).
BAUMGARTEN, Alexander Gottlieb [bowm -gar-
ten], German author, II. 397.
BAUMGARTEN, Michael, German theologian, II.
397.
BAUMGARTEN, Sigmund Jakob, German theolo
gian, II. 397.
BAUMGARTEN-CRUSIUS, Detlev Karl "Wilhelm
[-kroo -ze-oos], German philologist, II. 397.
Ludwig Friedrich Otto, theologian, 2 c.
BAUMGAETXER, Andreas von, baron, Austrian
statesman and savant, II. 398.
BAUMGARTNER, Gallus Jakob, Swiss politician
and historian, II. 398.
BAUMGARTNER, Karl Heinrich [bowm -gairt-
ner], German physiologist, II. 398.
Baumian : see BAMIAN.
BAUR, Ferdinand Christian [bowr], German
theologian, II. 398.
BAUSSET, Louis Francois de [bo-sa], French
cardinal, II. 399.
BAUTAIN, Louis Eugene Marie [bo-ta ng ], French
philosopher and theologian, II. 399,
BAUTZEN [bowt -sen], town of Saxony, II. 399.
Battle of, 1 c.
BAUXITE [bo -zite] : see ALUMINA, I. 366, 2 b ;
also ALUM, I. 365, 2 b ; ALUMIXCM, 368, 1 c.
BAVAI : see BAVAY.
BAVA RIA, kingdom of Germany. II. 399. Pop
ulation and divisions, 1 b. Religion and reli
gious denominations, 2 be, and 401, 1 c.
Physical features, 400, 1 a. Climate, 1 c.
Soil and agriculture, 2 a. Industry, 2 b.
Intercommunication, 2 c. Education, 401,
1 ab. Constitution and government, 2 a.
History, 2 c.
Bavarian leer, II. 400, 2 b ; III. 261. 2 b.
BAVAY [ba-va], town of France, II. 403.
Ba mad, satirical poem, VII. 804, 1 b.
BAWIAN [ba-we-an ], island, II. 403.
BAWR, Alexandrine Sophie Coury de Champ-
grand, baroness de [duh bowr], French au
thoress, II. 403.
Baxter, electrician, I. 519, 1 a and b.
BAX TEB, Andrew, Scottish metaphysician, II.
403 ; XIII. 445, 2 a.
BAXTER, Richard, English clergyman, II. 403.
BAXTER, William, English philologist and ar-
cha3ologist, II. 404.
BAY, county, II. 404.
Bay, tree, X. 208, 2 a.
BA YADEER, dancing and singing girl of India,
II. 404; ill., 405.
BAYAGOULAS
BEAM
83
BAYAGOULAS [bi-a-goo -las], Indian tribe, II.
405.
BATAMO [ba-ya -mo], town of Cuba, II. 405.
Bayard, fabulous war horse, I. 215, 1 c.
BAYARD, James Asheton [bi -ard], American
lawyer and statesman, II. 405. Nicholas,
Huguenot immigrant, 2 b. Richard Bassett,
senator, 2 c. James Asheton, senator, ib.
Thomas Francis, senator, ib.
BAYARD, Jean Francois Alfred [ba-yar], French
dramatist, II. 405.
BAYARD, Pierre du Terrail, chevalier de, French
knight, II. 406.
Bayazid [ba-ya-zeed ] : see BAJAZID.
BAY BERRY, or Wax Myrtle, shrub, II. 400 ; ill,
407.
Bayberry (pimento), I. 337, 1 c.
Baylerry tallow, XVI. 516, 1 ab.
BAY CITY, city of Michigan, II. 407.
BAYER, Johann [bl -er], German astronomer,
II. 407. Gottlieb Siegfried, philologist and
archaeologist, 2 b.
Baycrn [bl -ern], German name of Bavaria,
derivation of, II. 401, 2 c.
BAYEUX [ba-yuh], town of France, II. 407.
BAYEUX TAPESTRY, II. 407.
BAYFIELD, county, II. 408.
Bay Islands : see BOXACCA, and VIII. 787, 2 a.
BAYLE, Pierre [bail], French philosophical wri
ter, II. 408.
Bay leaves, for flavoring, X. 208, 2 c.
BAYLEX [bi-lain ], town of Spain, II. 408.
Capitulation of, il. ; I. 323, 2 a ; IV. 68,
1 b ; VI. 323, 2 a.
BAY LEY, James Roosevelt, American arch
bishop (died 1877), II. 408.
BAYLEY, Richard, American physician, II.
408.
BAYLOR, county, II. 409.
BAYLY, Thomas Ilaynes, English poet and
dramatist, II. 409.
BAYNE, Peter, Scottish author and critic, II.
409.
BAY OXET, weapon, II. 409. Trowel or spade
bayonet, 2 c. Introduction of, I. 735, 2 c;
XII. 98, 2 c. First forms (ill.), 99, 1 a. Old
Prussian and French forms (ill.), 1 c. Old
English form (ill.), 100, 1 a. Use of in bat
tle, VII. 121, 2 c.
BAYONXE [ba-yun], city of France, II. 409 ;
view, 410.
BAYOU SARA [bl -oo sa -ra], village of Louisi
ana, II. 410.
Bayreuth : see BAIEEUTH.
BAYRHOFFER, Karl Theodor [bire -huf-fer], Ger
man philosopher and politician, II. 410.
Bay rum, XII. 112, 2 c (MYRTLE).
Bays and gulfs, a state s jurisdiction over them,
X. 224, 2 b.
BAZA [ba -tha], town of Spain, IL 410. Springs
of, 411, 1 a.
Ba za (ornithology), X. 19, 2 c.
BAZAINE, Francois Achille [ba-zain], French
general, II. 411. His surrender of Metz,
2 a; XL 463, 1 a. Ills trial, XL 463, 1 b ;
X. 800, 1 be. His escape from prison, X.
365, 1 a.
BAZALGETTE , Joseph "William, English civil
engineer, 11.411.
BAZANCOURT, Cesar de, baron [ba-za ng -koor],
French author, IL 411.
BAZARD, Amand [ba-zar], French carbonarist
and St. Simonian, II. 41L
Bazarjik: see BASARJIK (Index).
Bazeeyharnee, Indian dancing girl, II. 405, 1 a.
BAZJEILLES [ba-zaV], village of France, II. 412.
BAZIX, Antoine Pierre Ernest [ba-za" B ], French
physician, IL 412. Antoine Pierre Louis,
philologist, 1 b.
BDELLIUM [del -le-um], gum resin, II. 412.
BEACH, Moses Yale, American mechanic and
editor, II. 412.
Beach mining (of gold), VIII. 83, 2 a.
Beacon, to warn of danger, X. 457, 2 c.
Beacon Mil, Boston, III. 116, 1 b.
Beacon Mil, on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a.
BEACOXSFIELD [bek -uns-feeld], town of Eng
land, II. 412. Viscountess Beaconsfield, 1 a.
(Benjamin Disraeli made Earl Beaconsfield
in 1876.)
BEAD, ornament, II. 412. Beads used as cur
rency, 2 b ; in rosaries, ib. See Saint CutTi-
berfs l>eads (Index).
Beadsmen, VI. 763, 1 c (ETON).
Bead tree: see PRIDE OF INDIA.
BEAGLE, hound, II. 413 (ill.).
Beal, or Bal (= Baal), Irish deity, II. 178, 2 a.
BEALE, Lionel S., English physiologist, II. 413.
On fermentation, VII. 142, 2 be; develop
ment of the yeast plant, 146, 1 b ; of the
poisonous matter in deceased animals, 144,
1 be.
BEALE, Mary, English artist, II. 413.
BEAM, in architecture, II. 413. Iron beams,
2 b. Best construction of, 414, 2 a. Solid-
rolled, 2 c. Sustaining power, 41 5, 2 c ; rule
for, 416, 1 a. Straining beam, XIV. 421, 1 c.
Beam of a deer s horn, V. 756, 2 b.
BEAMS
BEAUJEU
Beams of a loom, -XVI. 523, 1 b. Beaming,
1 c.
BEAN, plant, II. 416 (ill.). Growth of de
scribed, XIII. 575, 1 a; 576, 1 a.
Bean dolphin, I. 583, 1 b (Arms).
BEAN GOOSE: see GOOSE, VIII. 105, 1 be.
Bean trefoil, a European name of the labur
num, X. 75, 1 a.
BEAK, animal, II. 417. Polar bear, 1 c (ill.).
Grisly bear, 2 c (ill., 418). (See III. 606,
2 b.) Cave bear, 1 a. (See 397, 1 b, and
III. 63, 2 a, b.) European brown bear, 2 a.
American black bear, ib. (ill.). Cinnamon
bear, 419, 1 a (ill., 418). Asiatic or sloth
bear, 1 ab (ill.). Syrian bear, 1 c (ill.). Si
berian bear, 2 a. Spectacled bear, 2 ab (ill.).
Thibetan or Isabel bear, 2 c. Malayan sun
bear, ib. (ill., 420). Bornean bear, ib. ISfo
bears in Africa, 420, 1 b. Bear baiting, 1 be.
Bear skins, VII. 539, 1 c.
BEAR, Great and Lesser, constellations, II. 420.
Bear and bull, terms of the stock exchange,
XV. 388, 1 c.
Bear baiting, II. 420, 1 c.
BEARD, hair of the face, II. 420.
BEARD, James H., American painter, II. 421.
William IT., painter, 2 c.
Beard grass, X. 337, 1 c.
Beardstown, county seat, IV. 59, 1 b.
Bearing of wheel, XVI. 592, 2 b.
BEAR LAKE, Great, British America, II. 422.
BEAR LAKE RIVER, II. 422.
BEAR MOUNTAIN, Pennsylvania. II. 422.
BEARN [bu-arn], district of France, II. 422.
BEAR RIVER, Utah, II. 422. California, 2 ab.
Bear s foot (hellebore), VIII. 621, 2 a.
BE AS, river of India, II. 422.
BEASLEY, Frederick, American clergyman, II.
422.
Beasts, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 b. See plate
after p. 670.
Beater, instrument used in basket making, II.
366, 1 b,
Beatia [be-a -sha], ancient city : see BAEZA.
BEATIFICATION, in the Roman Catholic church,
II. 422.
BEATON, David, cardinal and archbishop of St.
Andrews, II. 422. His persecution of the
Scotch reformers, 423, 1 b and c. TVishart
and others sentenced by him to be burned at
the stake, ib., and XVI. 690, 1 a. His vio
lent death, II. 423, 1 c. His private charac
ter, ib.
Beatoun : see BEATON.
BEATRICE PORTINARI [ba-a-tre -cha por-te-na -
re], II. 423. See DANTE, V. 670, 1 c; 672,
1 c.
Beats, in harmony, VIII. 467, 2 b.
BEAT TIE, James [Scot, ba -te], Scottish Doet,
II. 423.
Beau Bruimnel, sobriquet: see BRTJMMEL, III.
356, 2 a.
BEAUCAIRE [bo-kair], town of France. II. 423.
BEAUCE [boce], county of Canada, II. 423.
BEAUCHESXE, Alcide Hyacinthe du Bois de
[du bwa duh bo-sham], French author, II.
424.
BEAUCLERK, Topham [in England, bo-klark ],
a favorite of Dr. Johnson, II. 424.
Beauffort, Belgian dukes and counts of: see
BEAUFORT, II. 424, 2 b.
BEAUFORT [bu -furt], two counties, II. 424.
BEAUFORT, town of North Carolina, II. 424.
Of South Carolina, 2 a.
BEAUFORT [bo-for], town of France, II. 424.
Beaufort, origin of the English dukes of, II.
424, 2 b ; of the French dukes of, ib. ; of
the Belgian dukes and counts of, ib.
BEAUFORT, Sir Francis, English naval officer
and hydrographer, II. 424.
BEAUFORT, Francois de Vendouie, duke of,
French soldier, II. 425.
BEAUFORT, Henry of, English prelate and
statesman, II. 425.
BEAUFORT, Henry Charles Fitzroy Somerset,
eighth duke of, English soldier, II. 425.
BEAUFORT, Margaret, countess of Richmond
and of Derby, II. 425.
BEAUGEXCY [bo-zha ng -se], town of France, II.
426.
BEAUHARNAIS, Alexandra, vicomte de [bo-ar-
na], French general, II. 426.
BEAUHARNAIS, Eugene de, duke of Leuchten-
berg and prince of Eichstadt, II. 426. See
LEUCIITENBERG.
BEAUHARNAIS, Fanny, comtesse de, French
writer, II. 427.
BEAUHARNAIS, Francois, marquis de, French
royalist, II. 427.
BEAUHARNAIS, Hortense Eugenie, queen of
Holland, II. 427.
Beauharnais, Josephine, daughter of Eugene
de Beauharnais, II. 426, 2 c. Eugenie Hor
tense, ib. AmeTIe Auguste, 427, 1 a.
BEAUHARNOIS [bo-ar-na"], county of Canada,
II. 427.
Beaujeu, Anne de [bo-zhuh], regent of France,
IV. 287, 1 c.
BEAUJOLAIS
BECHSTEIN
85
BEAUJOLAIS [bo-zhuh-hT], district of France,
II. 427. Wines of, VII. 412, 2 ab.
BEAUMANOIR, Jean, sire de [bo-mu-nwur],
French knight, II. 427.
BEAUMANOIR, Philippe de, French jurist, II.
427.
BEAUMARCIIAIS, Pierre Augustin Caron de [bo-
mar-sha], French dramatic author, II. 428.
BEAUMELLE, Laurent Angliviel de la [bo-mSl],
French author, II. 429. Victor Laurent
Suzanne Moi se, 430, 1 b.
BEAUMONT [bo-mo B J, town of France, II. 430.
Beaumont [bo -mont], county seat, IX. 587, 1 b.
BEAUMONT, lie de : see LIE DE BEAUMONT.
Beaumont, Francis : see BEAUMONT AND
FLETCHER.
BEAUMONT, Sir George Ilowland, English pa
tron of art, II. 430.
BEAUMONT, Sir John, English poet, II. 430.
Beaumont, Thomas, governor of the Bastile,
II. 370, 1 b.
BEAUMONT, "William, American surgeon, II.
430. Experiments on Alexis St. Martin, 2
b. See DIGESTION, VI. 105, 2 b; DIETETICS,
101, 2 be, 102, 1 b.
BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER, English dramatists
and poets, II. 430 ; VI. 635, 2 b.
BEAUMONT DE LA BONNIERE, Gustave Auguste
de [bo-mo ng duh la biin-yair], French advo
cate and writer, II. 431.
Beaumont and Mayer, friction machine of, VII.
491, 2 c.
BEAUNE [bone], town of France, II. 431.
BEAUNE-LA-ROLANDE [-la-ruh-la ng d], village of
France, and battle, II. 431.
Beaupoire : see BELPER.
BEAUREGARD, Pierre Gustave Toutant [bo-re
gard ; Fr. bo-ruh-gar], American general,
II. 431.
BEAUREPAIRE-ROIIAN, Henri de [bo-ruh-pfiir-
ro-a ng ], French traveller, II. 431.
Beauseant [bo-sa-a ng ], banner and battle cry of
the templars, XV. 634, 2 b.
BEAUSOBRE, Isaac de [bo-zubr ], French theo
logian, II. 432.
BEAUTEMPS-BEAUPRE, Charles Francois [bo-
ta ng -bo-pra], French hydrographer, II. 432.
BEAUTY: see ESTHETICS. Hogarth s "Anal
ysis of," VIII. 759, 2 c ; 760, 1 b. His line
of beauty, 759, 2 c.
BEAUVAIS [bo-va], city of France, II. 433.
BEAUVAIS, Charles Theodore, French general,
II. 433.
BEAUVAU, de [duh bo-vo], French family, II.
433. Rene, 1 c. Louis, ib. Bertrand, 2 a.
Ren6 Francois, 2 a. Charles Juste, ib.
BEAUVOIS, Ambroise Marie Frangois Joseph
Palisot de [duh bo-vwa] : see PALISOT.
BEAUZEE, Nicolas [bo-zii], French grammarian,
II. 433.
BEAVER, animal, II. 433. 111., 434, 1 a. Bea
ver lodges and dam (ill.), 2 b. Beaver trap
ping, 435, 1 a. Trade in beaver skins, 1 c.
European beaver, 2 ab. Beaver fur, VII.
539, 1 b.
BEAVER, two counties, II. 435.
Beaver, county seat, II. 435, 2 c.
BEAVER, Philip, English navigator, II. 435.
Beaver City, county seat, II. 435, 2 c.
Beaver cloth, invention of, XVI. 720, 1 c.
BEAVER HEAD, county, II. 436.
BEAVER INDIANS, II. 436.
BEAVER ISLANDS, Lake Michigan, II. 436.
Beaver poison, plant, IV. 577, 2 a.
Beaver rat : see WATER RAT.
Beaverwood, VIII. 365, 2 b (HACKBERRY).
BEAZLEY, Samuel, English architect and author,
II. 436.
Bebaoum pass [ba-ba-oom ], Atlas mountains,
II. 81, 1 c.
Bebe [ba-ba], French dwarf, VI. 335, 2 be.
Bebee ria : see BEBEERINE.
BEBEERINE [be-be -rin], an alkaloid, II. 436.
Its source, VIII. 231, 1 ab.
Bebeeru lark, II. 436, 1 c ; VIII. 231, 1 ab.
BEBIAN, Roch Ambroise Anguste [ba-bya ng ],
French teacher of deaf mutes, II. 436.
BEBUTOFF, Vasili Osipovitch, prince [beb -oo-
tof], Russian soldier, II. 436. David, 2 c.
Becancour [ba-ka ng -koor], county seat, XII.
435, 2 a.
Beccadella, Antonio, founder of the Accademia
Pontaniana, I. 50, 1 b.
Beccajicata [bek-ka-fe-ka-ta], feast, II. 437, 1 b.
BECCAFICO [bek-ka-fe -ko], bird, II. 437 (ill.).
BECCAFUMT, Domenico [bek-ka-foo -me], Italian
artist, II. 437.
BECCARIA, Cesare Bonesana, marquis of [bek-
ka -re-a], Italian jurist and economist, II. 437.
BECCARIA, Giambattista, Italian electrician,
II. 437.
BECERRA, Gaspar [ba-thair -ra], Spanish sculp
tor and painter, II. 437.
BECHER, Johann Joachim [beh - c her], German
chemist, II. 438. See CHEMISTRY, IV. 360,
1 a, c ; HEAT, VIII. 567, 2 ab.
BECIISTEIN, Johann Matthaus [be c h -stine], Ger
man ornithologist and forester, II. 438.
86
BECHUANA
BEE
BECHUANA [betch-wa -na], people of S. Africa,
II. 438.
BECK, David, Dutch portrait painter, II. 438.
BECK, Karl, German poet, II. 438.
BECK, Theodoric Romeyn, American physician,
II. 439. John Brodhead, physician, 1 be.
Lewis C., naturalist, 1 c.
BECKER, county, II. 439.
BECKER, Gottfried Wilhelm, German physician
and writer, II. 439. Karl Ferdinand, musi
cian, 2 b (died 1877).
BECKER, Karl Ferdinand, German philologist,
II. 439.
BECKEE, Karl Friedrich, German historian, II.
440.
BECKER, Rudolf Zacharias, German author, II.
440.
BECKER, Wilhelm Gottlieb, German archaeolo
gist, II. 440. Wilhelm Adolf, educator and
writer, 1 c.
Becket, Gilbert a, father of Thomas a Becket,
II. 440, 2 a.
BECKET, Thomas a, English prelate and states
man, II. 440. His shrine, 441, 2 c. Beck-
et s crown or corona, 442, 1 a. Biographies
and notices of, ib. See HEXRY II., VIII. 642,
2b, ff.
BECKFORD, William, English politician, II. 442.
William, author, 2 ab.
BECKMAXX, Johann, German technologist, II.
443.
BECKX, Pierre Jean [bex], general of the soci
ety of Jesus, II. 443.
BECQUEREL, Antoine Cesar [bek-rel], French
physicist, II. 443. His battery, VII. 590,
1 b ; his oxygen circuit, .591, 2 c. Alexan-
dre Edmond, physicist, II. 444, 1 ab. His
table of specific electrical resistances, VII.
590, 1 c. Louis Alfred, physician, II. 444,
1 b.
BECSE, Old [betch -eh], borough of Hungary,
II. 444. Xew, 1 c.
BECSKEREK, Great [betch -ker-ek], town of
Hungary, II. 444. Little, village, 1 c.
Beda : see BEDE.
BED AXD BEDSTEAD, II. 444. Early English
bed (ill.), 2 c. Great bed of Ware, 445, 1
ab (ill.). Ancient Egyptian bed, 1 c (ill.).
Hydrostatic or water bed, 2 a.
BEDARIEUX [ba-da-re-tih], town of France, II.
445.
BEDBUG : see EPIZOA, VI. 696, 2 c (ill.).
Bedcanford, old town of England, II. 448, 1 c.
Bedder, lower millstone, XI. 558, 1 a.
BEDDOES, Thomas, English physician, II. 445.
Thomas Lovell, poet, 446, 1 c.
BEDE, the Venerable, Saxon ecclesiastic, II. 446.
BEDE ATI, Marie Alphonse [biih-do], French
general, II. 446.
BEDELL , Gregory Townsend, American clergy
man and author, II. 447. Gregory Thurs-
ton, bishop, 1 be.
BEDELL, William, English prelate, II. 447.
Seders, tribe of India, IV. 494, 2 a.
BEDFORD [bed -furd], three counties, II. 447.
BEDFORD, borough of Pennsylvania. II. 448,
BEDFORD, borough of England, II. 448,
Bedford, county seats, X. 230, 2 c ; XV. 591,
2 c ; 868, 2 c.
BEDFORD, Gunning S., American physician, II.
448.
BEDFORD, John, duke of, English soldier and
statesman, II. 448. William Russell, duke
of, 449, 1 b.
BEDFORD LEVEL, district of England, II. 449,
Bedford missal, illuminated manuscript, XL
599, 2 b.
BEDFORDSHIRE, county of England, II. 449,
BED OF JUSTICE, II. 445 ; XIII. 117, 1 be.
BEDLAM, Bethlehem hospital, London, II. 449 ;
X. 602, 2 be.
Bedlam beggars, or Tom-o -Bedlams, II. 450,
1 a.
Bedloe^s island, ISTew York harbor, fever hos
pital built on, II. 307, 2 c. Fort on, XII.
384, 2 a.
BEDOUINS [bed -oo-ins], Arabian nomadic tribes,
II. 450 (ill.).
Bed rock, in mines, XL 572, 2 b.
Beds, abbreviation of Bedfordshire, II. 449.
Beds of passage, in geology, VII. 695, 1 be.
Bedstead : see BED AND BEDSTEAD.
Bedstraw, plant, XVI. 711, 1 ab.
Bed-work irrigation, IX. 415, 2 c.
BEE, insect, II. 451. Honeybee, 1 ab (ills., 451,
452). Queen bee, 452, 1 ab, 2 a ; 453, 2 c ;
456, 1 c. Drones or males, 452, 1 b and 2 b ;
453, 2 a. Workers or neuters (females),
1 ab, c; 453, 2 b. Bee sting, 452, 1 c.
Food of bees, 454, 1 ab. Secretion of wax,
2 a. Life in a hive, 2 c. Architecture of
bees, 455, 1 b. Swarming, 456, 1 a. Italian
or Ligurian bee, 2 a ; in the United States,
458, 2 be. Natural enemies, 456, 2 ab.
Wild honey bees, 2 be. Humblebee, 457,
1 c (ill.). Carder bee, 458, 1 ab. Lapidary
bee, 1 b. Solitary bees, 1 be. Mason bees,
1 c (ill.). Mining bees, 2 a. Carpenter bees,
BEE
BEGONIA
8T
2 b (ill.). Leaf-cutting and upholstering
bees, 459, 1 b. Poppy bee, ib. Eose-leaf
cutter, 1 be (ill.). See BEE-KEEPING.
BEE, county, II. 459.
Beebee, title, III. 691, 1 be.
Bee bread, II. 454, 2 a.
BEECII, tree, II. 459 (ill.). Beech leaves, flow
ers, and nut (ill.), 400.
BEECHER, Lyraan, D. D., American theologian,
II. 400. Catherine Esther, educator and au
thoress, 401, 2 b. Edward, D. D., clergyman
and author, 2 c. Henry Ward, clergyman
and author, 402, 1 ab. Harriet Elizabeth
(Stowe), novelist, 2 b. Charles, clergyman
and author, 463, 1 ab. Thomas Kennicutt,
clergyman and author. 1 b.
BEECHEY, Frederick William, English naviga
tor, II. 403 ; I. 071, 1 c.
BEECHEY, Sir William, English painter, II. 403.
Beeching s life boat, X. 421, 1 b.
BEE-EATER, bird, II. 403. Common, 464, 1 ab
(ill.). Bee wolf, 2 a (ill.).
Beef -eater, bird, XII. 708, 1 c (OXPECKEB).
Beefsteak club, IV. 718, 1 b. Allusion to, II.
575, 1 c.
Beefsteak geranium, XIV. 657, 1 a.
Bee hue : see BEE-KEEPING.
Beehive, geyser, VII. 787, 1 c.
Beehive houses, ancient Irish structures, IX.
355, 1 b.
Bee hunting, II. 456, 2 c.
BEE-KEEPING, II. 404. The apiary, 2 a. Posi
tion of hives, 2 ab (ills.). Forms of hives,
405, 1 a, ff. (ills.). Comb (ill.), 2 b. Polish
iiives, 466, 1 a (ill.). Use of glass boxes,
1 b. Swarming, 2 ab (ill.). Removing
comb, 467, 1 b. Prevention of robbery, 1 c.
Wintering bees, 2 a ; 468, 1 b. The bee
moth, 467, 2 be. Management in spring,
468, 1 c. Profit of bee-keeping, 2 ab. In
troduction of the Italian or Ligurian bee,
2 be.
Bee line, II. 457, 1 b.
BEELZEBUB [be-el -ze-bub], sovereign of evil
spirits, II. 469.
Beelzebul: see BEELZEBUB.
Bee martin, bird, IX. 837, 2 b.
Bee moth, or wax moth, II. 450, 2 b ; 467, 2 be.
BEEMSTER [baim -ster], district of Holland, II.
469.
BEEK, fermented liquor, II. 469. Its ancient
use, 1 b. Varieties, 2 ab. Analyses, 470,
2 b. Production, 2 c. Manufacture : see
BREWING.
BEER, Wilhelm [bair], German astronomer, II.
470. His map of the moon, 2 b; XI. 800,
2 b. Michael, dramatist, II. 2 b.
Beer barrel, II. 336, 1 a.
Beerncm [Inlir -nem], Belgium, reformatory at,
XIV. 503, 1 b.
BEER-SHEBA [be-er -she-ba], ancient town, II.
470.
Beer and Steamboat springs (mineral), II. 422,
2 a (BEAR RIVER).
Beeswax, secretion of, II. 454, 2 a. Nature
and preparation of, XVI. 515, 1 c, if.
Beeswing, in wine, XVI. 600, 2 be.
BEET, plant, II. 471. Blood beets, 1 ab (ills.).
Mangel-wurzel, 1 c. White beet, its use in
sugar making, 2 a. Chard beet, 2 b (ill.).
BEETHOVEN, Ludwig van [ba -to-veu], Dutch
musician, II. 472. Ludwig van, German
composer, 1 ab. His deafness, 2 b. His
lawsuits for the custody of his nephew Karl,
473, 2 a. His brother Johann, 2 c. His
works, 1 b; XII. 91, 1 b, 92, 1 be.
BEETLE, order of insects, II. 475. Anatomy
of, 1 be (ills.). Classification and divisions,
2 be. Pentamera, 2 c. Bombardier beetle,
470, 1 b (ill.). Scarabonis, 477, 1 ab (ill.).
Stag beetle, 1 c (ill.). Heteromera, 1 c. Te-
tramera, 2 b. Trimera, 478, 1 a. Burying
beetles, muscular activity of, IX. 313, 2 ab.
Larva} of the spring beetles, XVI. 078, 1 c.
Beetle, a hammer, VIII. 420, 1 c.
Beetle lice, VI. 095, 2 a.
Beet-root sugar, manufacture of, II. 471, 2 a ;
XV. 447, 2 be ; in California, III. 005, 1 a.
Discovery of the true process, I. 63, 2 a.
Bee wolf, bird, II. 404, 2 a (ill.).
Beeza,, a distilled spirit, II. 229, 2 c.
BEFANA [ba-fa -na], puppet or doll, II. 478.
Befort [ba-for] : see BELFOKT.
BEG, Bey, and Beglerbeg, Turkish titles, II. 478.
Bega canal [ba -ga], Hungary, allusions to, II.
204, 1 c ; XV. 633, 1 b.
BEGAS, Karl [ba -gas], Prussian painter, II. 478.
Begasse [be-gas ], refuse sorghum, XV. 171, 1 b.
Beggars, Dutch political party, VIII. 818, 2 c.
Beggars of the sea, Dutch privateers, XVI.
630, 1 b.
Begging friars : see RELIGIOUS ORDERS.
Begging the question, in logic, X. 580, 1 a.
BEGIIARDS [ba-gards J, religious order, II. 478 ;
XI. 730, 2 b. Spiritualists, II. 478, 2 b.
BEGIIARMI : sec BAGHIRMI.
Beglerbeg : see BEG ; also XVI. 390, 2 a.
BEGONIA, plant, II. 478 (ill.).
88
BEGSHEHER
BELGOROD
BEGSHEHER [beg-sha -her], lake, river, and
town of Turkey, II. 479.
BegsJiehr : see BEGSHEHER.
BEGUARDS : see BEGUINES.
Beguinages [ba-ghe-nazh], origin of, XV. 140,
1 a.
BEGUIXES [ba-gheens ], religious sisterhood, II.
479 ; 478, 2 b ; XL 730, 2 b.
Begums of Oude, plunder of by the English,
XII. 740, 1 be.
BEIIAIM, Martin [ba -hime], German navigator
and geographer, II. 479.
BEIIAM, Hans Sebald [ba -ham], German painter
and engraver, II. 479.
BEIIAR , division of Bengal, India, II. 479.
Behcm, Martin [ba -hem] : see BEHAIM.
BeMmoth, of the Hebrews, VIII. 743, 1 ab.
BEHISTUX [ba-his-toon j, ruined town of Per
sia, II. 479. Cuneiform inscriptions at, 2 c ;
V. 573, 2 a, if.
Behme [ba -meh], murderer of Coligni, V. 55,
1 c.
Behmcn, Jacob [ba -men] : see BOEHM.
BEHX, Aphara or Aphra [ben], English drama
tist and novelist, II. 480.
BEIIRIXG, Vitus [ba -ring], navigator, II. 480 ;
I. 242, 2 b ; X. 40, 1 a.
BEHRIXG ISLAND, II. 480.
BEHRIXG SEA, II. 480.
BEHRIXG STRAIT, II. 481.
BEIRA [ba -e-ra], province of Portugal, II. 481.
BEIRUT [ba-roof] : see BEYROUT.
BEISAX [ba-san J : see SCYTIIOPOLIS.
BEISSEL, Johann Conrad [bl -sel], German re
ligionist, II. 481.
Beit Allah [bait al -la], a name of the Caaba,
XL 314, 2 a.
BEIT-EL-FAKIH [-el-fa -ke], town of Arabia, II.
481. Beit-el-Fakih el-Kebir, 2 b.
Beitin [ba-teen ], site of Bethel, II. 594, 1 ab.
Beit LaJirn [bait lam], Arabic name of Bethle
hem, II. 594, 2 c.
Beit Ur cl-Foka, site of Upper Bcth-horon, II.
594, 2 be,
Beit Ur el-Tahta, site of Lower Beth-boron,
II. 594, 2 be.
BEJA [ba -zha], city of Portugal, II. 481.
BEJAPOOR , ruined city of Hindostan, II. 481
(ill.).
Bejour : see BIJAWUR.
Beka, half shekel, XIV. 841, 2 a.
Bcka., bat, VII. 110, 2 b.
BEKE, Charles Tilstone, English geographer
and explorer, II. 482. (Died 1874.)
BEKES [ba -kaish], county of Hungary, II. 482.
Town, 2 a.
BEKKER, Immanuel, German philologist, II. 482.
BEL, Babylonian divinity : see BAAL, II. 178, 1
ab ; BELUS, 512 ; MERODACH, XI. 410, 2 a ;
MYTHOLOGY, XII. 117, I b.
BELA [ba -la], name of several Hungarian kings,
11.482.
Belair, county seat, VIII. 461, 2 c.
Belair, town of Hayti, IX. 497, 2 b.
Belbes: see BELBEIS.
BELBEIS [bel-bace ], town of Egypt, II. 483.
Belbeys : see BELBEIS.
BELCHER, Sir Edward, English naval officer and
explorer, II. 483 ; I. 675, 1 c, ff. (Died 1877.)
BELCHER, Jonathan, American colonial gover
nor, II. 483. Jonathan, chief justice of No
va Scotia, 2 b.
BELCHER, Tom, English pugilist, II. 483.
Bele (botany), VII. 110. 1 c.
Beled el-Anib [bel -ed el-a-neeb ], town : see
BOXA.
BELED UL-JERID [ool-ja-reed ], region of Africa,
II. 483.
Beled-Zansibar, city, XVI. 806, 1 c.
BELEM [ba-le ng ], suburb of Lisbon, Portugal,
II. 483. Tower of, 484, 1 ub (ill.).
BELEM, city of Brazil, II. 484.
BELEM NITES [generic, sing, and pi., be-lem-m -
teez], fossil mollusks, II. 484 (ills.).
Belemnose pia, fossil mollusks, II. 485, 2 a.
Belemnoteu this, fossil mollusks, V. 202, 2 c.
BELESTA [biih-les-ta], town of France, II. 485.
BEL FAST, city of Maine, II. 485.
BELFAST , town of Ireland, II. 485. Albert
memorial tower, 486, 1 ab (ill.). Queen s
college, 1 c (ill.).
BELFORT [bel-for], town of France, II. 486 ;
view, 487.
BEL G^, ancient people of Gaul, II. 487.
BELGARD [bel -gart], town of Prussia, II. 487.
BELGAUM , town of Hindostan, II. 487.
Belgic Confession, XIV. 254, 2 c ; 257, 1 a.
BELGIOJOSO, Cristina, princess of [bel-jo-yo -
zo], Italian patriot and writer, II. 487.
BEL GIUM. kingdom, II. 487. Divisions and
inhabitants, 488, 1 a. Physical features, 1 b.
Minerals, 2 b. Intercommunication, 2 c.
Occupations, 489, 1 ab. Finances, 2 a. Mili
tary force, 2 b. Government, 2 c. Pauper
ism, 490, 1 b. Religion, 1 be. Education,
1 c. History, 2 a. Its permanent neutral
ity assured, XII. 259, 2 c.
BELGOROD , town of Russia, II. 493.
BELGRADE
BELLINGHAM
89
BELGRADE , capital of Servia, II. 493 (ill.).
Belgra via, in London, X. 590, 1 b.
BELIAL [be -lyul], a Hebrew word, II. 493.
Beliar in the best New Testament manu
scripts, 2 c.
BELIDOE, Bernard Forest do, French military
engineer and author, II. 493.
BELISA KIUS, Byzantine general, II. 494. Le
gend of his blindness and mendicancy, 2 c.
See JUSTINIAN.
BELIZE : see BALIZE.
BELKNAP [bel -nap], county, II. 495.
BELKXAP, Jeremy, D. D., American historian,
II. 495.
BELL, II. 495. In antiquity, 1 c. Earliest
church use, 2 ab. Consecration and bap
tism of bells, 2 b. The passing and the cur
few bell, 2 c. Evening bell, origin of, V.
582, 2 a. Bells of Russia, II. 496, 1 a (ill.) ;
of China, 2 b ; in England, France, &c.,
2 c ; in the United States, ib. Liberty bell,
497, 2 a (ill.). Material, 1 c. Tone, 2 c.
Manufacture, IV. 80, 2 c (CASTING).
BELL, county, II. 498.
Bell, county of Kentucky : see Josn BELL.
Bell, an Englishman in the service of King
Theodore of Abyssinia, I. 46, 2 c.
BELL, Andrew, English clergyman, II. 498.
BELL, Sir Charles, British surgeon and anato
mist, II. 498.
BELL, George Joseph, Scottish lawyer, II. 499.
BELL, Henry, Scottish inventor, II. 499.
BELL, John, Scottish physician and traveller,
II. 499.
BELL, John, Scottish surgeon, II. 499.
BELL, John, American lawyer and statesman,
II. 499.
BELL, John, English sculptor, II. 500.
BELL, Luther V., American physician, II. 500.
BELL, Thomas, English zoologist, II. 500. His
classification of amphibia, I. 435, 2 b.
Bella Chiava [bel -la kya -va], mediaeval name
of Balaklava bay, II. 231, 2 b.
BELLADON XA, plant, II. 500; ill., 501. Symp
toms of poisoning by, 1 c ; remedies, 2 b.
Bellamare [bel-la-ma -ra], his attempt on the
life of Napoleon III., III. 51, 1 ab.
BEL LAMOXT, Richard Coote, earl of, English
colonial governor, II. 501. See KIDD, Wil
liam.
BELLAMY, Mrs. George Ann, English actress,
II. 502.
BELLAMY, Joseph, D. D., American theologian,
II. 502.
BEL LARMIX, Robert, Italian theologian and
cardinal, II. 502.
Bellarmino, Roberto [bel-lar-ine -no] : see BEL-
LARMIN.
BELLAEY [bel-la -re], district of India, II. 502.
Town, 2 b.
BELLAY, Guillaume du [bii-la], French soldier
and diplomatist, II. 502. Jean du, cardinal
and diplomatist, 503, 1 a. Joachim du,
poet, 1 be.
Bell Urd, XVI. 109, 2 c.
BELLE, Jean Francois Joseph de, French gen
eral, II. 503.
BELLECIIASSE [bel-shas], county of Canada, II.
503.
Bellefonte [bel-fonf], county seats, IV. 206,
1 c; IX. 483, 1 a.
BELLE-ISLE, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet,
duke de [bel-eel], French soldier and states
man, II. 503. Louis Charles Arm and Fou
quet, chevalier de, 504, 1 a.
BELLE ISLE [bel lie ], North and South, islands
of North America, II. 504.
BELLE ISLE, Strait of, II. 504.
BELLE-!SLE-EN-MER [bel-eel-a ng -mair], island of
France, II. 504.
BEL LENDEN, William, Scottish writer, II. 504.
Bellenz [bel -lents] : see BELLIXZOXA.
BELLEROPHON [bel-leV-o-fon], mythical hero,
II. 50.4.
Bellerophon, the: see IRON-CLAD SHIPS, IX.
381, 2 c ; 382, 1 b, c, 2 be ; 383, 1 ab, 2 ab ;
386, 1 be.
BELLE VAL, Pierre Richer de [diih bel-val],
French botanist, II. 504.
BELLEVILLE [bel -vil], city of Illinois, II. 504.
BELLEVILLE, town of Canada, II. 505.
Belleville sorrel, XV. 171, 2 a (ill.).
Bellevue [bel-vu J, county seats, III. 114, 2 b;
IX. 484, 1 c; XIV. 635, 1 c.
Bellevue hospital, New York, XII. 396, 1 b.
Medical college of, 403, 2 a and 1 b (table).
BELLEY [ba-la], town of France, II. 505.
BELLIARD, Augustin Daniel, count [ba-lyar],
French soldier, II. 505.
Belligerent [bel-lij -er-ent], general rights of,
XIV. 19, 2 a.
Belligerent states, conventions between, X.
227, 2 c.
Belling, cry of the hart, VII. 75, 2 a.
BELLING, Wilhelra Sebastian von, Prussian sol
dier, II. 505.
BELLIXGHAM, Richard [bel -ling-um], English
colonial governor, II. 505. Marries himself,
90
BELLINI
BEN
and is prosecuted for violation of law, 2 bo ;
tries his own case, and acquits himself, ib.
BELLINI, Jacopo [bel-le -ne], Venetian painter,
II. 505. Gentile, 506, 1 a. Giovanni, ib.
BELLINI, Laurentio, Italian anatomist, II. 506.
BELLINI, Vincenzo, Italian composer, II. 506.
BELLINZO NA, town of Switzerland, II. 506.
Bellis peren nis (botany), V. 638, 1 a (ill.).
A. prolifera, 1 b.
BELLMAN, Karl Mickel, Swedish poet, II.
506.
Bell metal, composition of, II. 497, 2 be ; III.
314, 2 b.
Bellomont : see BELLAMONT.
BELLO NA, Roman goddess, II. 507.
Bellona rii, priests of Bellona, II. 507, 1 a.
BELLOT, Joseph Rene [ba-lo], French naval
officer, II. 507.
BELLOWS [bel -lus], instrument, II. 507. See
BLOWING MACHINES.
Belloics, or blowing murmur, in chlorosis, IV.
504, 2 a; VIII. 561, 2 c.
BELLOWS, Henry Whitney, D. D. [bel -loze],
American clergyman, II. 508.
BELLOWS FALLS, village of Vermont, II. 508.
BELLOWS FISH, II. 508 (ill.).
BELLOT, Pierre Laurent Buirette de [diih ba-
Iwa], French dramatist, II. 508.
Bell rock lighthouse, X. 460, 1 ab (ill.).
BELLUNO [bel-loo -no], province of Italy, II.
509. Capital city, 1 b.
Belluno, duke of: see VICTOR, Claude.
Bellunum, ancient city, II. 509, 1 b (BELLUNO).
BelUille, county seat, II. 127, 1 b.
BEL-MERODAOH : see MERODACH. Temple of,
II. 180, 2 a.
Belmondo of Padua, mathematician, I. 301,
2 c.
BELMONT , county, II. 509.
Belmont, county seat, I. 324, 2 b.
BELMONT, village of Missouri, II. 509. Battle
of, ib.
BELMONTET, Louis [bel-mo ng -ta], French poet,
II. 509.
BE LOE, William, English clergyman and author,
II. 509.
BELOIT , city of Wisconsin, II. 510. Beloit
college, 1 b.
Bel omancy, VI. 153, 2 c (DIVINATION).
BELON, Pierre [buh-lo ng ], French naturalist, II.
510. His classification of birds, XII. 704,
2 a.
Belo ne (ichthyology), XIII. 510, 2 c. B. trun-
cata, ib. (ill., 511).
Beloo ches, tribe of Beloochistan, II. 510, 2 c ;
605, 1 be.
BELOOCHISTAN [bel-oo-tchis-tan J, country of
Asia, II. 510.
Beloojistan : see BELOOCHISTAN.
Belotto, Bernardo, III. 690, 2 c (CANALETTO).
BELPER, town of England, II. 511.
Belsamen [bel-sa -men], Carthaginian deity, IV.
37, 2 c.
BeVs cairns, in Ireland, referred to. II. 178, 2 a.
BEL SHAM, Thomas, English clergyman and au
thor, II. 511. William, historical writer, 1 c.
BELSHAZZAR : see BABYLON.
BELSUNCE, Henri Francois Xavier de [bel-
su ns ss], French bishop, II. 511.
BELT, Great and Little, channels between the
Baltic sea and the Cattegat, II. 511.
BEL TANE, ancient festival of Ireland and Scot
land, II. 511.
Beltein [bel -tain] : see BELTANE.
BELTIS, Babylonian goddess : see MTLITTA.
Belton, county seat, II. 498, 1 b,
BEL TRAMI, county, II. 511.
Belu ga (zoology), VI. 192, 2 c. B. borealis,
193, 1 a (ill., 192).
Belunum, ancient city, II. 509, 1 b (BELLUNO).
BELUR TAGH [ba-loor ; tag] : see BOLOR TAGH.
BELUS, Babylonian divinity, II. 512.
Belus, legendary leader of an Egyptian colony
to Babylonia, IV. 229, 1 c,
BELUS, Temple of : see BABEL, and BABYLON.
Belul Tagli [ba-loof tag] : see BOLOR TAGH.
Belvedere villa [bel-va-du/-ra], of the Vatican,
XVI. 272, 1 ab.
Belvidere [bel-ve-deer J, county seats, III. 82,
2 c; XVI. 459, 2 c.
BELZO NI, Giovanni Battista, Italian traveller
and explorer, II. 512. His explorations at
Ipsambul, IX. 344, 1 a, 390, 1 b ; in the pyr
amids, XIV. 106, 1 be.
Belzunce [bel-zu ng ss] : see BELSUNCE.
BEM, Jozef, Polish general, II. 512 ; 146, 2 b ;
IX. 60, 1 c, 2 b ; 61, 1 ab.
Bema, the, of Athens, II. 59, 2 b ; VI. 385, 2 b.
BE MAN, Nathaniel S. S., American clergyman,
II. 513.
BEMBO, Bonifazio, Italian painter, II. 513.
Giovanni Francesco, painter, 2 be.
BEMBO, Pietro, Italian cardinal and author, II.
513; V. 360, 1 a.
Beniborough, English officer, II. 427, 2 c.
Bemuds Heights, battle of, XIV. 628, 2 a.
BEN, use of in Hebrew and Arabic, II. 514.
Jewish prefix in surnames, XII. 127, 2 c.
BEN-A-BOURD
BENICAELO
91
Ben-a-lourd, mountain of Scotland, II. 247, 2 b ;
monument to Prince Albert, ib.
Bena cus La cus, ancient name of Lake Garda,
VII. 619, 1 c.
BENALCAZAR, Sebastian de [bfi-nal-ka -thar].
Spanish adventurer, II. 514.
BENARES [ben-a -rez], city of British India, II.
514; view, 515.
BEN BOW, John, English admiral, II. 515.
Benchers of the inns of court, in London, IX.
291, 2 a.
BENCOO LEN, Dutch residency in Sumatra, II.
516. Town, 1 be.
Bend, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 b ; bend sinis
ter, 1 be. Per bend, 671, 2 c ; per bend sinis
ter, ib. See plate (after p. 670), on the left.
BEN DA, Franz, German violinist, II. 516.
Georg, composer, 2 ab.
BENDAVID, Lazarus [ben-da -vit], German phi
losopher and mathematician, II. 516.
BENDEMANN, Eduard [ben -deh-man], German
painter, II. 516.
BENDER, town of Bessarabia, Russia, II. 517.
Bendigo: see SANDHURST.
BENDISII, Bridget, granddaughter of Oliver
Cromwell, II. 517.
BENEDEK, Ludwig von [ton ba -neli-dek], Aus
trian soldier, II. 517.
BENEDET TI, Vincent, count, French diploma
tist, II. 517. His rudeness to King William
of Prussia, 2 c ; VII. 394, 2 a.
Bendlet, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 be.
Bendy, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a. See plate
(after p. 670).
BEX EDICT, popes, II. 518. Benedict IL, 1 a;
III., 1 b; VIII., ib.; XL, 1 c; XII., 2 a;
XIII., ib. ; XIII., antipope: see LUNA, Pe
dro de; XIV., 2 b.
BENEDICT, surnamed Biscop, a saint, II. 518.
BENEDICT, abbot of Peterborough, English his
torian, II. 519.
BENEDICT, Sir Julius, English composer, II. 519.
BENEDICT, Saint, founder of the Benedictine
order, II. 519. His monastic rule established
in all western Europe, XI. 729, 2 c.
BENEDICT OF ANIANE [a-nytin], a saint, II. 519;
XI. 730, 1 a.
Benedict XIII., anti-pope : see LUNA, Pedro de.
Benedictine congregation of St. Maur, II. 520,
1 a; XI. 731, 1 b.
BENEDICTINES [ben-e-dik -tins], order of monks,
II. 519. Congregations of, 520, 1 a. Bene
dictine monk (ill.), 1 b. Benedictine nuns,
2 a ; in the United States, ib.
Benedict ional, the, in the Roman Catholic mis
sal, XI. 635, 2 c.
BENEDIX, Julius Roderich, German dramatist,
II. 520.
Benefice [ben -e-fis], in the feudal system, VII.
160, 1 b.
Benefices of the English church, I. 140, 1 b ;
VI. 629, 1 b.
Beneficium, in the feudal system, VII. 160, 1 b.
BENEFIT OF CLERGY, II. 520. In the L T nited
States, 521, 2 a.
Benefit of peerage, II. 521, 1 c. Advantage
taken of it by the duchess of Kingston, X.
11, 2 b.
Beneharni, primitive inhabitants of Beam, II.
422, 1 c.
BENEKE, Friedrich Eduard [ba -neh-kuh], Ger
man philosopher, II. 521; XI. 813,2 be;
XIII. 442, 2 c.
BENEVENTE [ba-na-ve ng -ta], town of Brazil, II.
521.
BENEVENTO [ba-na-ven -to], province of Italy,
II. 521. Capital city, 522, 1 a (ill.).
Beneventum, ancient city, II. 522, 1 a, 2 a
(BEXEVENTO).
BENEV OLENCE, gratuity or forced loan, in Eng
lish history, II. 522.
BENEZET , Anthony, American philanthropist,
II. 522.
BENFEY, Theodor [ben-fl ], German philologist
and orientalist, II. 523.
BENGAL [ben-gawl ], province of British India,
II. 523. Political designation, 1 c. Extent
and population, 2 a. Physical features, 2 be.
Climate, 524, 1 b. Soil and productions, 1 c.
Fauna, 2 c. Government, 525, 1 b. Cities,
2 b. People, ib. History, 2 c.
BENGAL, Bay of, II. 526. Sea of, 1 b.
Bengalee language, IX. 216, 2 c; 217, 2 c.
Bengal hemp, VIII. 633, 2 be.
Bengal lights, in pyrotechny, XIV. 117, 2 c.
Bengaly, bird, VII. 190, 1 c.
BEXG EL, Johann Albrecht, German theologian,
II. 526.
BENGER, Elizabeth Ogilvy [beng -gher], English
authoress, II. 526.
BENGHAZI [ben-ga -ze], town of Barca, II. 526.
BENGUELA [ben-ga" -la|, country in Africa, II.
526. Sao Felipe de Benguela, capital, 527,
Ib.
BENI [ba -ne], department of Bolivia, II. 527.
BENI, river of Bolivia, II. 527.
BENICARLO [bu-ne-kar-lo j, town of Spain, II.
527.
92
BENICIA
BENZIN
BENICIA [be-nish -a], town of California, II. 527.
Bcni-Hassan [bu -ne-has -san], grottoes of, XII.
451, 2 b.
BENIN [ben-een j, kingdom of Africa, II. 527.
Town, 528, 1 a, Bight of, 1 b.
BENIOWSKY, Moritz August, count [ben-yov -
ske], Hungarian soldier and adventurer, II.
528.
Benitier [ba-ne-se-a], shell used for holy water,
XL 721, 2 c.
BEN JAMIN, Hebrew patriarch, II. 528.
Benjamin, gum, II. 545, 1 c.
BENJAMIN, Judah Phillips, American lawyer
and senator, II. 528.
BENJAMIN, Park, American poet and journalist,
II. 529.
BENJAMIN OF TUDELA, Jewish rabbi and travel
ler, II. 529.
Ben kendorff, ChristopJi ton, Russian courtier,
X. 420, 1 a.
Benkler, lamps of, X. 129, 2 be.
BEN LO MOND, mountain of Scotland, II. 529.
BENNET, Henry, earl of Arlington, English
statesman, II. 529.
BENNET, Thomas, English theologian and con
troversialist, II. 529.
BENNETT, James Gordon, American journalist,
II. 530. James Gordon, jr., 531, 1 a,
BENNETT, John Hughes, English physician, II.
531. On latent pneumonia in old people,
IX. 275, 2 c; his theory of inflammation,
276, la; on plastic corpuscles, 2 a. His ex
posure of an imposition : see BLOOD STAINS.
II. 740, 2 be.
BENNETT, Sir William Sterndale, English com
poser, II. 531.
Bennett, Mr., emission theory of light tested
by him, X. 436, 2 c ; 437, 1 ab.
Bennettsville, county seat, XL 176, 2 b.
BEN NE VIS, mountain of Scotland, II. 531.
BEN NINGSEN, Levin August Theophil, count,
Russian general, II. 531. Alexander Levin,
. Hanoverian statesman, 532, 1 a. Rudolf
von, statesman, 1 ab.
BENNINGTON, county of Vermont, II. 532.
BENNINGTON, township, II. 532. Battle of, 2 a.
Benno, abbot of Cluny, XL 730, 1 ab.
BENNO, Saint, bishop of Meissen, II. 532.
Bcno ni, Hebrew name, II. 528, 2 a.
BENOO WE, river of Africa, II. 532.
Benshee: see BANSHEE.
Bemon, Carl, nom de plume, III. 291, 2 ab.
BEN SON, George, English clergyman and au
thor, II. 532.
BENSON, Joseph, English clergyman, II. 533.
BENT, county, II. 533.
BENTHAM, Jeremy [ben -tam or ben -tham],
English philosopher, II. 533. Utilitarian
principle of government arid morals, 534,
2 be, 535, 2 b. Offers to prepare "a com
plete body of law " for the United States,
536, 2 c. Talleyrand s remark on his wealth
of thought, 538, 2 be. See MOIIAL PHILOSO
PHY, XL 807, 1 c, 814, 1 b.
BENTHAM, Thomas, English bishop, II. 538.
BENTINCK, English noble family, II. 5.39. "Wil
liam, earl of Portland, 1 a, Henry, duke
of Portland, ib. William, second duke, ib.
William Henry Cavendish, third duke,
1 ab. Lord William Charles Cavendish,
1 b. George Frederick Cavendish (Lord
George Bentinck), 2 b. Junior branch, 2 c.
William, lord of Rhoon and Pendrecht, ib.
Count William Christian Frederick, ib.
Charles Anthony Ferdinand, ib. Sir Henry
John William, ib,
BENTIVOGLIO [ben-te-vo -lyo], Italian family,
II. 540. Giovanni, lord of Bologna, 1 a.
Annibale, ib. Giovanni (2d), ib. Ercole,
poet, 1 ab. Guido, cardinal, 1 b. Cornelio,
cardinal, 1 be.
Bent lever, a kind of balance, II. 234, 2 b.
BENTLEY, Richard, English scholar and critic,
II. 540. His services to Latin scholarship,
X. 191, 2 ab.
BENTLEY, Robert, English botanist, II. 541.
BENTON, eight counties, II. 541.
BENTON, village of Wisconsin, II. 542.
Benton, county seats, VII. 434, 2 b; XL 198,
2bc; XIII. 679, 2 b; XIV. 505, 1 b ; 707,
1 c.
BENTON, Thomas Hart, American statesman,
II. 542. His personal conflict with Andrew
Jackson, IX. 488, 2 b.
Bcntonville, county seat, II. 541, 2 c.
BENTZEL-STEENAU, Christian Ernst, count
[bent -sel stair -now], German author and
statesman, II. 543.
Benuc [ben-oo -a], river : see BENOOWE.
Ben-yamin, or Ben-yamim : see BENJAMIN, II.
528, 2 ab.
Benzenberg [ben -tsen-bairg], his experiments to
prove the earth s rotation, VI. 359, 1 b.
Benzene : see BENZINE. Use of the term in
England, II. 544, 1 c.
Benzcrta : see BIZEETA.
BENZIE, county, II. 543.
Ben zin : see BENZINE, and BENZOLE.
BENZINE
BERGMAN
93
BENZINE [ben-zeen or ben -zin], in chemistry, a
light oil of petroleum, II. 544. Distinguished
from benzole, 1 b.
Benzoates [ben -zo-ates], salts, II. 545, 1 c.
BENZO IC ACID, II. 544.
BENZOIN , gum benjamin, II. 545. Styrax ben
zoin, tree yielding it, 1 c (ill.). Its uses,
2 be. Erroneously called a gum, ib. Source
of benzoic acid, 544, 2 be.
Benzoin odoriferum (botany), VII. 164, 1 be (ill.).
Benzol, Liebig s name for benzine, II. 544, 1 a ;
synonyme of benzole, 546, 1 a.
BENZOLE , a product of coal tar, II. 546. Dis
tinguished from benzine, 544, 1 b, c.
Benzonia, county seat, II. 544, 1 a.
BEOWULF [be-o -woolf], Tale of: see ANGLO-
SAXONS, Language and Literature of the, I.
504, 2 a.
BERANGER, Pierre Jean de [ba-ra ng -zha], French
poet, II. 546. Relations with Lucien Bona
parte, 547, 2 a ; III. 34, 2 ab.
BERAR , province of British India, II. 548.
BERARD, Joseph Frederic [ba-rar], French
physician, II. 548. Pierre llonore, surgeon,
549, 1 a. Auguste, surgeon, 1 b.
Berard s method of determining specific heat of
gases, VIII. 576, 1 a.
BERAT [ba-rat J, town of Albania, II. 549.
BER BER, town of Nubia, II. 549.
BER BERA, trading place of Africa, II. 549.
BERBERI NA, an alkaloid, II. 549.
Bcrlerim [ber -ber-in], (same as berberina),
XVI. 780, 2 be.
B&r leris (botany), II. 300, 1 c. B. vulgaris,
2 a (ill.) ; berberina extracted from, 549, 2 a;
use for hedges, VIII. 604, 2 c. B. Canaden-
sis, II. 800, 2 ab. B. aquifolium, ib.
Berber language, I. 171, 1 b.
Berberry : see BARBERRY.
BERBERS, African race, II. 549 ; 298, 1 c ; I.
304, 1 ab ; IV. 142, 1 c ; X. 406, 1 be, 2 a ;
XL 840, 1 be.
BERBICE [ber-beece ], river of Guiana, II. 550.
County, 1 ab.
BEROIITESGADEN [bair c h -tess-ga-den], Bavarian
principality, II. 550. Berchtesgaden ware,
2 a. Town, ib.
Berchtold V. [bairh -tolt], duke of Zahringen,
II. 570, 1 a. Clock tower built by him, 2 c.
BERCY [bair-se], suburb of Paris, II. 550.
BERDIANSK [bSrd-yansk J, town of Russia, II.
550.
BERDITCH EV, city of Russia, II. 550.
Bore, Scotch barley, II. 316, 1 a.
BER EG, county of Hungary, II. 551.
Berenga ria, wife of Richard Coeur de Lion,
XIV. 312, 2 a (&*); 313, 1 b.
BERENGARIUS, medircval ecclesiastic, II. 551.
Ilis views on the eucharist, X. 638, 2 a.
Berengcr [ber -en-jer], (Fr. Berenger, ba-ra ng -
zha) : see BERENGARIUS.
BERENGER I., king of Italy, II. 551. Berenger
II., 2 b.
BERENICE [bCr-e-m -se], name of several Egyp
tian and Syrian queens and princesses, II. 552.
BERENICE, ancient city of Egypt, II. 553. An
cient city of Cyrenaica, 1 ab.
BERESFORD, James [ber -ess-furd], English au
thor, II. 553.
BERESFORD, William Carr, viscount, English
general, II. 553.
BERESINA [ber-ez -e-na], river of Russia, II. 553.
Berezina : see BERESINA.
BEREZOV , village of Russia, II. 554. Town of
Siberia, 1 a.
Berezovsk : see BEREZOV.
Berezowski [ber-eh-zov -ske], his attempt on
the life of Alexander II., I. 284, 2 c ; 629,
2 a.
BERG [bairg], duchy of Germany, II. 554.
BERG, Friedrich von, count, Russian general,
II. 554.
BERGAMA [bair-ga -ma], town of Asiatic Tur
key, 11.554; XIIL291, 2 a.
BERGAMI, Bartolommeo [bair -ga-me], courier
of Queen Caroline, II. 554.
Berga mia (botany), II. 555, 2 a.
BERGAMO [bair -ga-mo], province of Italy, II.
554. Capital city, 2 c ; view, 555.
BER GAMOT, citron, II. 555 (ill.). Bergamot
pear, 2 c.
BERGEN [bur -ghcn], county, II. 555. Palisades
(of the Hudson), 556. 1 a.
BERGEN [bair -ghen], province of Norway, II.
556. Capital city, 2 a (ill.).
BERGEN-OP-ZOOM [-op-zome], town of the
Netherlands, II. 556.
BERGENROTIT, Gustav [bair -ghen-rote], Ger
man-English historian, II. 557.
BERGERAC [bSirzh-ruk], town of France, II.
557.
BERGEEAC, Savinien Cyrano de, French author
and duellist, II. 557.
BERGHAUS, Heinrich [bairg -honse], German
geographer, II. 557.
BERGIIEM, Nikolaas [bair -ghem], Dutch painter,
II. 557.
BERGMAN, Torbern Olof [bflirg -man], Swedish
BERGONZI
BERNAU
chemist and naturalist, II. 558. See CHEM
ISTRY, IV. 362, 1 a.
BERGONZI [bair-gone -dze], family of Italian
violin makers, II. 558. Carlo, 2 c, Michel
Angelo, 559, 1 a. Nicol6, ib.
Berg-op-Zoom : see BERGEN-OP-ZOOM.
Bergseife [bairg -zi-fSh], (mountain soap), III.
5, 2 c.
BEEGUES, or Bergues-St.-Winoc [bairg-sa ng -ve-
nuk], town of France, II. 559.
Bering, Vitus : see BEIIRING.
BER INGTON, Joseph, English author, II. 559,
BEEIOT, Charles Auguste de [dull bair-yo], Bel
gian violinist and composer, II. 559.
BERKELEY [burk -le], county, II. 559.
BEEKELEY, town of England, IL 559. Berke
ley castle, 2 c.
BERKELEY, George, Irish prelate and philoso
pher, II. 559 ; XIII. 441, 2 b.
BERKELEY, George Charles Grantley Fitz-
Hardinge, English sportsman and author, II.
560. Maurice Frederick Fitz-Hardinge, Bar
on Fitz-Hardinge, admiral, 561, 1 a.
BERKELEY, Sir William, royal governor of
Virginia, II. 561 ; X. 290, 1 c ; XVI. 382,
2b,ff.
BERKELEY SPRINGS, town of Virginia, II. 561.
BERKS, county of Pennsylvania, II. 561.
Berks, county of England : see BERKSHIRE.
BERKSHIRE [burk -sher], county of Massachu
setts, II. 561.
BERKSHIRE, county of England, II. 562.
Berkshire white sand, in glass making, VIII.
13, 2 a,
Berlandicr sflax, X. 514, 2 ab.
BERLICIIINGEN, Gotz von [guts fon bair -li c h-
ing-en], German feudal knight, II. 562.
BER LIN [Ger. bfiir-leen ], capital of Prussia and
of the German empire, II. 568. Divisions,
2 a. Description, 1 c. Churches, 564, 1 b.
Palaces and public buildings, 2 a. Old mu
seum, 2 b ; new, 565, 1 a. Theatres, 1 b.
Art galleries, 2 a. Parks and resorts, 2 ab.
Monuments, 2 c. University, ib. Other
schools, 566, 1 ab. Social condition, 2 a.
Charity, 2 be. Industry and commerce,
567, 1 a. Name and history, 2 a. Illustra
tions : general view, 563 ; statue of Freder
ick the Great, 564 ; Hedwigskirche, ib. ;
royal thentre, 565 ; royal library, 566 ; ex
change, 567.
Berlin and Milan decrees, Napoleon s, V. 288,
1 b and c ; III. 42, 2 b. Injury to American
interests, and excitement caused by them
and by the British orders in council, II. 725,
1 b; IX. 595, 1 ab ; XVL 162, 2 c. Re
taliatory measures of congress, X. 825, 2 c.
Revocation of the decrees officially an
nounced, ib., but disavowed by Napoleon,
826, 1 a ; definitely revoked, 1 c, The de
crees and orders in council used as party
watchwords, I. 100, 1 a.
BERLINGHIERI, Andrea Vacca [bair-lin-gya -re],
Italian surgeon, II. 567.
BEELIOZ, Hector [bair-lyo], French composer,
II. 568.
Berme of a can al, III. 680, 1 c. Berme bank, ib.
BEEMEJO [bair-ma - k ho], river of South Ameri
ca, II. 568.
BER MONDSEY, parish of London, II. 568.
Bermoo thes (Bermudas), II. 569, 1 be.
Bermuda, or Long Island, II. 568, 2 b.
Bermuda grass, VIII. 168, 2 c.
BERMU DAS, islands, II. 568 ; view, 569.
BERMUDEZ, Geronimo [bair-moo -/mith], Span
ish poet, II. 569.
Bermudez, Juan, wrecked on the Bermudas,
II. 569, 1 b.
BEEN [bairn], canton of Switzerland, II. 569.
Capital city, 570, 1 c (ill.).
BERNADOTTE, Jean Baptiste Jules [bair-na-dut],
marshal of France and king of Sweden, II.
571.
BERNALIL LO [Sp. bair-na-le -lyo], county of
New Mexico, II. 572.
BEE NARD [Fr. bair-nar], saint and doctor of
the Latin church, II. 72. See TEMPLAES,
XV. 634, 1 c, 635, 1 a.
BEENARD, Claude, French physiologist, II. 574.
BEENAED, Sir Francis, English colonial gover
nor, II. 575.
BERNARD, Jacques, French writer. II. 575.
BERNARD, John, English comedian, II. 575.
William Bayle, dramatist, 2 a.
BERNARD, Saint, Great and Little : see SAINT
BEENAED.
BEENARD, Simon, French general and engineer,
II. 575.
BERNAEDIN OF SIENA, Saint, II. 575.
BEENAEDIN DE SAINT-PIEEEE [bair-nar-da nc duh
sa" B -pyair] : see SAINT-PIEEEE.
BEENARDINES [ber -nar-dins], Cistercian monks
and nuns, II. 576 ; IV. 614, 1 a.
Bernardino road [bair-nar-de -no], Alpine pass,
I. 354, 2 ab.
BERNAE DO DEL CAE PIO, Spanish hero, II. 576.
BERNARD OF TREVISO, Italian alchemist, II. 575.
BEENAU [bair -now], town of Prussia, II. 576.
BERNAUER
BERTRAND
95
BERXAIJER, Agnes [bair -now-er], her tragical
story, II. 576.
Bernamlle [bair-na-veel], governor of the Bas-
tile, allusion to, II. 376, 1 a.
BERN AY [bair-na], town of France, II. 576.
BERXBITRG [bairn -boorg], town of Germany,
II. 576 (ill.).
Berne : see BERN.
BER XERS, Lady Juliana, English author, II. 577.
BERXERS, John Bourchier, baron, English
statesman, II. 577.
BERXETTI [bair-net -te], Tommaso, Italian car
dinal and statesman, II. 577.
BERXIIARD [bfiirn -hart], duke of Saxe-Weimar,
German Protestant general, II. .577.
BEEXIIARD, Karl (pseudonyme), Danish novel
ist, II. 577.
BERXI, Francesco [bair -ne], Italian poet, II. 577.
Ber nida (ornithology), species of, VIII. 106,
1 b. B. Canadensis, 2 a (ill.)- B. brenta,
107, 1 b (ill.). B. leucopsis, 2 a (ill.).
BERXIER, Francois [bair-nya], French traveller
and philosopher, II. 578.
BERXIXA [bair-ne -na], peak and range of the
Alps, II. 578. Bernina pass, ib.; road, I.
354, 2 b.
BERXIXI, Giovanni Lorenzo [bair-ne -ne], Ital
ian sculptor and architect, II. 578.
BERXIS, Francois Joachim de Pierres de [bair-
ne], French cardinal and statesman, II. 578.
Bernouilli: see Bernoulli.
BERXOULLI, or Bernouilli [bair-nool-ye], family
of mathematicians and savants, II. 578.
James, 1 c. John, 579, 1 ab. Daniel, 1 c.
Nicholas, 2 b. John (two), ib. James, 2 c.
Nicholas, ib, Jerome, 580, 1 a. Chris
topher, ib. See CLEPSYDRA, IV. 670, 1 b.
Bernoulli, elastic curve of, VI. 489, 1 c.
BERXSTORFF, Johann Ilartwig Ernst, count
[bairn -storf], Danish statesman, II. 580.
Andreas Peter, count, statesman, 1 c ; VII.
449, 2 c.
BERCEA [be-re -a], name of two ancient towns,
II. 580. See VERIA.
Beroid medusa, acalephs, V. 543, 1 a.
BERO SUS, Babylonian (Chaldean) historian, II.
580 ; IV. 229, 1 b. Dial of, VI. 68, 1 a ; 70,
2 b (ill.).
Bero thah, town, Biblical, II. 602, 1 c.
Berothai [be-ro -tha-i] : see Berothah (Index).
BERQUIX, . Arnatid [bair-ka ng ], French author,
II. 580.
Berri : see BERRY.
BER RIEX, two counties, II. 581.
BERRIEX, John Macpherson, American states
man, II. 581.
Berrien Springs, county seat, II. 581, 1 b.
Berry, fruit: see PLANT, XIII. 591, 1 a.
BERRY, former province of France, II. 581.
BERRY, Marie Louise Elisabeth, duchess of, II.
581 . Charles Ferdinand, duke of, 2 b. Marie
Caroline Ferdinande Louise, duchess of,
2 be.
BERRY, Mary, English writer, II. 582. Agnes, ib.
BERRYER, Antoine Pierre [bair-re-ya], French
advocate and statesman, II. 582.
Berrymlle, county seat, IV. 637, 2 c.
BER SERKERS, Scandinavian warriors, II. 583.
Bertha, queen of Kent, aids in establishing
Christianity in Great Britain, VI. 744, 2 be ;
445, 2 be.
BERTIIELOT, Pierre Eugene Marcellin [bairt-lo],
French chemist, II. 583. His preparation of
carbolic acid from acetylene, III. 769, 1 be ;
of organic compounds by combining simpler,
IV. 369, 2 c.
BERTHELSDORF [bair -tels-dorf], village of Sax
ony, II. 583.
BERTIIIER [Fr. bair-tya], county of Canada, II.
583.
BERTIIIER, Jean Ferdinand, French deaf-mute
teacher, II. 583.
BERTHIER, Louis Alexandre, French soldier,
II. 583. Napoleon Louis Joseph Alexandre
Charles, 584, 1 be.
Berthold [bair-told], count of Limoges, crusa
der, founder of the Carmelites, III. 800, 1 a.
Berthold, Ernst, pseudonyme, XIV. 2 ab.
BERTIIOLD OF RATISBOX [bair -tolt], German
preacher, II. 584.
BERTHOLLET, Claude Louis [bair-tnl-la], French
chemist, II. 584. See CHEMISTRY, IV. 364,
1 b, fr*. ; 365, 1 a, c, 2 ab. Experiments on
explosives, VII. 38, 1 b ; narrow escape, ib.
Amedee, chemist, II. 585, 1 b. His self-suf
focation, 1 be; III. 774, 1 ab.
Bertholletia excelsa (botany), III. 223, 2 c.
BER TIE, county, II. 585.
BERTIX, Louis Francois [bair-ta" 8 ], French jour
nalist, II. 585. Louis Marie Armand, 2 be.
Edouard Francois, 2 c. Louise Angelique,
composer and poetess, 7>. (died 1877).
BERTIXI, Henri [bfdr-te-ne], pianist and com
poser, II. 585.
BERTRAXD, Henri Gratien, count ["bair-tra" 8 ],
French soldier, II. 586. Alexandre Arthur
Henri, 1 c.
BERTRAXD DE BORX : see BORN.
96
BERULLE
BERULLE, Pierre de [ba-riil], French cardinal
and statesman, II. 586.
BERWICK, James Fitz-Jaraes, duke of [ber -ik],
II. 586. James Francis, duke of Liria and
Xerica, 2 c. Duke de Fitz-James, ib.
BERWICK-ON-TWEED, town of England, II. 586;
view, 587. Duke of: see BERWICK.
BERWICKSHIRE [ber -ik-sher], county of Scot
land, II. 587.
BER YL, precious stone, II. 588. The largest
known, 1 c.
BERY TUS : see BETROUT.
BERZE LIUS, Johan Jakob, baron, Swedish chem
ist, II. 588. His chemical notation, 87, 2 b;
organic chemistry, 2 c. His chemical dog
ma overthrown, 583, 1 c. His balance beam,
234, 1 a. His improvement of the blowpipe,
748, 1 c. See CHEMISTRY, IV. 367, 1 be, 2 a,
if.; MINERALOGY, XL 590, 1 a.
Berzelius lamp, II. 589, 1 b.
BERZSENYI, Daniel [ber -zhen-ye], Hungarian
poet, II. 589.
BESANQON [biih-za ng -so ng ], town of France, II.
590 (ill.).
BESBOROD KO, Alexander Andreyevitch, prince,
Russian statesman, II. 590.
BESCHERELLE, Louis Nicolas, aine" [ba-shrel],
French lexicographer and grammarian, II.
590. Bescherelle jeune, 2 be.
BESITUN [ba-se-toon ] : see BEHISTUN.
BESSARABA [bes-su -ra-ba], family of, II. 590.
Rudolph the Black, 2 c. Mirce or Mirxa,
ib. Michael II., the Brave, ib. Matthew
Brancovan, 591, 1 a. Constantine IT. Bran-
covan, ib.
BESSARA BIA, province of Russia, II. 591.
BESSA RION, John or Basil, Greek scholar, II.
591.
BES SEL, Friedrich Wilhelm, German astrono
mer, II. 591.
BESSEMER, Henry, English engineer, II. 592.
His method of compressing coal dust, VII.
518, 1 ab. His process for the manufacture
of steel, XV. 358, 2 c ; description of, 359,
1 c, ft , (ills., 359- 61) ; compared with the
Martin process, 363, 1 c.
Bessemer steel, XV. 356, 1 b, 2 ab, c ; 357, 1 ab.
Rails of, 362, 1 a. See BESSEMER.
BESSIERES, Jean Baptiste [ba-se-air], French
soldier, II. 592.
Bestia, L. Calpurnius, referred to, IV. 120,
2b.
Bestusewi tinctura tonica, inventor of, II. 593,
1 a.
BESTUZHEFF, Alexander [bes-too -zhef], Russian
poet and patriot, II. 592.
BESTUZHEFF-RIUMIN [-rew-min J, Russian fam
ily, II. 592. Peter Mikhailovitch, count, 2 b.
Mikhail, grand marshal, ib. Alexei, count, 2 c.
BETANC.OS, Domingo de [ba-tan -soce], Spanish
missionary, II. 593.
Betancurt [ba-tan-koorf], Spanish family, ori
gin of, II. 594, 2 b. Fray Pedro de, founder
of the Bethlehemites, 51)6, 1 ab.
Be ta vulga ris (botany), II. 471, 1 a (ill.). B.
altissima, 1 c. B. cycla, 2 be (ill.). B. mari-
tirna, 472, 1 a.
BE TEL NUT, II. 593. Betel pepper, 1 b (ill.).
Bete rouge [bait roozh], parasite, of Martinique,
VI. 695, 2 c.
BETH AM, Sir William, English antiquary, II.
593. Rev. William, author, 2 a.
BETH ANY, village of ancient Palestine, II. 593
(ill.).
BETHANY, village of West Virginia, II. 594.
Bethany college, 1 a.
BETH EL, city of ancient Palestine, II. 594 (ill.).
BETHEL, town of Maine, II. 594.
Bethel community, XV. 140, 2 b.
BETHENCOURT, Jean, seigneur de [ba-ta nK -koor],
French navigator, II. 594.
BETHES DA, ancient pool or fountain, II. 594 ;
IX. 615, 2 be.
Beth hammidrash : see SYNAGOGUE, XV. 540, 1 b.
BETH-HO RON, Upper and Lower, two villages
of ancient Palestine, II. 594.
BETH LEHEM, ancient town of Palestine, II.
594; ills., 595.
BETHLEHEM, borough of Pennsylvania, II. 595.
Bcthlehejnite nuns, II. 596, 1 b.
BETHLEHEMITES, t\vo religious orders, II. 596.
BETHLEN, Gabor [bet -len], prince of Transyl
vania, II. 596.
BETHPHAGE [beth -fa-ghe], Palestine. II. 596.
Beth-phaTce, II. 596, 2 a (BETHPHAGE).
Bethroot, plant, XV. 867, 1 ab.
BETHSAI DA, Palestine, II. 596 (ill.).
I Beth san, village of Palestine, XIV. 726, 2 a.
I Bethshe an, village of Palestine, XIV. 726, 2 a.
Beth shemesh, city of Egypt, VIIL 619, 1 o.
BETHUNE [ba-tiln], town of France, II. 597.
Bcthune , David: see BEATON.
BETIIUNE, George Washington, D. D., Ameri
can clergyman and author, II. 597.
BETLIS [bet-lees ], town of Turkey, II. 597.
Beton [Fr. ba-to ng ], a kind of concrete, V. 209,
1 a. Beton agglome re [ag-gluh-ma-ra], 1 b.
Examples of its use, 2 a, if.
BETON
BHURTPOOR
97
Be ton, David : see BEATON.
BETKOTH MENT, II. 597. In ancient times, 2 a.
Decree of the council of Trent, 2 b. In
France, 2 c. In England, ib. In Scotland,
598, 1 a. In Germany, 1 ab. In the United
States, 1 b. Among some semi-civilized
races, 1 be.
Betsibooka, river of Madagascar, X. 809, 2 c.
Betsileos, tribe of Madagascar, X. 811, 1 a.
Betsimasakaras, tribe of Madagascar, X. 811, 1 a.
BET TERTON, Thomas, English actor, II. 598.
Bettina von Arnim : see AENIM, I. 758, 1 c.
BETTINEI/LT, Saverio, Italian author, II. 598.
BETTY, William Henry West, English actor, II.
598 (died 1874). Henry, 2 c.
Bet ula (botany), II. 647, 1 a. B. alba, 1 c
(ills.). B. pendula, 2 b (ill.). B. lenta, G48,
1 a. B. papyracea, ib. B. nigra, 1 b. B.
nana, ib.
BETWAII , river of Hindostan, II. 598.
Beudant (Francois Sulpice, 1787-1850), [Win-
da"*], his classification of minerals, XL 590, 1 b.
BEUKELS, or Beukelszoon, Willem [biih -kels,
-zone], Dutch fisherman, II. 598.
Beulah, county seat, III. 7, 1 b.
BEULE, Charles Ernest [biih-la], French archae
ologist, II. 599. (Died 1874.)
BEURNONVILLE, Pierre de Ruel, marquis de
[buhr-nO ng -veel], French soldier, II. 599.
Etienne Martin, 1 c.
BEUST, Friedrich Ferdinand von, count [fon
boist], German statesman, II. 599. His re
construction of the Austrian empire, 150,
1 a, ff. His project of a federal constitution
for Germany, VII. 756, 2 c.
BEUTHEN [boi -ten], two towns of Prussia, II.
600.
Beuvron, marquis de [duh biih-vr6 ng ], French
duellist, III. 161, 2 c.
BEVELAND, North and South [ba -vBh-lant],
islands of Holland, II. 600.
BEVEREN [ba -ver-en], borough of Belgium, II.
600.
BEV ERIDGE, William, English prelate, II. 600.
On Isidore Mercator s collection of canons,
III. 718, 2 c.
BEV ERLEY, borough of England, II. 600.
BEVERLEY, John of, prelate, II. 600.
BEVERLY, town of Massachusetts, II. 600.
Beverly, county seat, XIV. 199, 1 a.
BEW ICK, Thomas, English wood engraver and
author. II. 601. John, 1 b (Us).
BEXAR [ba-ar ; Sp. ba- k har ], county, II. 601.
BEXAR DISTRICT, Texas, II. 601.
7
BEXLEY, Lord : see VANSITTART, Nicholas.
Bey [ba], title: see BEG; TRIPOLI, XV. 872,
2 ab; TUNIS, XVI. 31, 1 b.
Beykaneer [ba-ka-neer J : see BICKANEER.
BEYLE, Marie Henri [bail], French author, II.
601 ; IV. 17, 2 a.
Beylol Lodi, Afghan military chief, IX. 208,
1 be.
Beypasha [ba -pa-sha] : see BEAS.
Beyra : see BEIRA.
BEYROUT [ba-root J, town of Syria, II. 601 ;
view, 602.
Beysheher : see BEGSTIEIIER.
BE ZA, Theodore de, French reformer, II. 603.
Bezanozano, the, class of Madagascans, X. 811,
2 ab.
Bezant , in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 c.
Bezant lers (of the deer), V. 756, 2 b.
BEZA S CODEX, II. 603; XI. 133, 1 c.
Beze, Theodore de [duh baiz] : see BEZA.
BEZIERS [ba-ze-a], town of France, II. 603. Ca
thedral of St. Nazaire, 2 c (ill., 604). Slaugh
ter of Albigenses at, 604, 1 b, and I. 253, 1 b.
Bez il (of the diamond), VI. 75, 1 b.
BE ZOAR, calculus used as a charm, II. 604.
BHADRINATH [ba-dre-naf], town of British In
dia, II. 604.
Bhagerut Row Sindia, sovereign of Gwalior,
VIII. 349, 1 a.
Bhagirathi [ba-ghe-ra -to], source of the Gan
ges, VII. 609, 1 c.
Bhainsa [bine -sa], tame buffalo, III. 410, 2 a.
BJialbuw, bastard Brahmans, IX. 213, 2 c.
BHAMO [ba-mo ], town of Burmah, II. 604.
Bhanmo : see BHAMO.
BHARTRIHARI [bar-tre-ha -re ; Hind, b lmr-tre-
hiir -e], Hindoo poet, II. 604.
BhdsJiyas, commentaries on the Vedas, IX.
229, 1 ab.
BHATGAN [bat-gAn ], town of Ilindostan, II. 605.
Bhatgong : see BHATGAN.
Bhangulporc : see BOGLIPOOR.
BIIAWALPOOR [baw-al-poor ], state of Ilindos
tan, II. 605. Town, 1 c.
BHEELS, tribe of India, II. 605; V. 197, 2 c;
IX. 215, 1 a.
Bhomiyali [bo-me -ya], title, II. 605, 2 ab.
BHOOJ, city of Hindostan, II. 605.
BHOPAUL , state of Hindostan, II. 605. Town,
2 c.
BHOTAN : see BOOTAN.
Bhotanta language, XV. 705, 1 b.
BIIURTPOOR , state of Ilindostan, II. 606. Cap
ital city, 1 a (ill.).
98
BHUKTPOKE
BICHE
Bhurtpore : see BHURTPOOR.
BIAFRA [be-af -ra], kingdom of Africa, II. 606.
Bight of, 1 c.
BIALYSTOK [bya-le-stok j, town of Russia, IT.
606.
Biamri [be-am -re], Arabic title, III. 617, 2 a.
Bianehi [byan -ke], (wbites), Gbibelline faction
at Florence, V, 670, 2 c, ff. ; VII. 277, 2 a;
VIII. 297, 1 b.
BiAXcniNi, Francesco [byan-ke -ne], Italian as
tronomer and author, II. 606.
BIARD, Auguste Francois [byar], French paint
er, II. 607. Leonie d Aunet, writer, 1 c.
BIARRITZ [byar-reets], bathing place of France,
II. 607. Villa Eugenie, 2 a (ill.).
BI AS, mythical, II. 607. Of Priene, one of the
seven wise men, 2 b.
Bias, a cotton cloth, I. 227, 1 c.
Biaxial crystals, in optics, X. 441, 2 a; 449,
1 a, 2 a (ills.); 451, 2 a, ff. (ills.).
Bibanpass, Atlas mountains, II. 81, 1 be,
Bibars [be -bars], sultan of Egypt, III. 617, 2 be.
BIBB, two counties, II. 607.
BIBBIENA, Ferdinando Galli da [beeb-bya -na],
Italian architect and painter, II. 608. Gio
vanni Maria, Francesco, and Antonio, 1 b.
BIBER, George Everard [be -ber], English cler
gyman and author, II. 608.
BiBERAcn [be -ber-a k h], town of AYurtemberg,
II. 608.
BIBESCO, George Demetrius, prince [be-bes -ko],
Wallachian statesman, II. 608. Barbo De
metrius Stirbey, hospodar, 2 ab. Nicholas,
2b.
Bibijagua [be-be- k ha/-gwa], ant, V. 546, 1 c.
Bibiru lark [be-be -roo], VIII. 231, 1 ab. See
BEBEERINE.
BIBLE, II. 608. Order of books in the Old
Testament, 2 c. Divisions, historical, poeti
cal, prophetical, 609, 1 a. New Testament
books, 2 b. Manuscript Hebrew text, and Ma-
sora, 609, 2 c; printed, 610, 2 a. Manuscript
Greek text of the New Testament, 611, 1 c;
printed, 612, 2 b. Ancient translations of
the Old Testament, 613, 1 b. Modern ver
sions of the Bible, 2 c. (See Bible transla
tions, Index.) Revision of the authorized
English version, 614, 2 a. Former destitu
tion and cost of the Bible, 618, 2 a. First
printing of it, 614, 1 b; XIII. 846, 2 a.
Bible Christians, Methodist sect, XL 454, 1 be.
BIBLE SOCIETIES, II. 614. British and foreign,
2 c ; 615, 1 c ; X. 600, 2 c. Roman Catholic,
II. 615, 1 be. Russian, 1 c; I. 282, 2 c. In
the United States, II. 615, 2 a. American
Bible society, ib. ; its revised text of the
English Bible, 616, 1 b. American and for
eign, 2 b. American Bible union, 617, 1 a.
Bible revision association, 2 a. Controversy
about the circulation of the Apocrypha, ib.
Bible translations, Greek (Septuagint), II.
613, 1 b. Chaldee (O. T.), 1 c; XV. 571,
1 b. Samaritan (Pentateuch), II. 613, 1 c;
XIV. 590, 1 b. Syriac (Peshito), II. 613,
1 c; XV. 548, 1 c. Latin (Vulgate), II. 613,
2 a-c; IX. 608, 1 be, 2 a (JEROME). Latin
(Itala), II. 613, 2 a, b; X. 200, 1 b. Ethio-
pic, I. 49, 1 c ; VI. 752, 1 c. Amharic, I.
49, 1 c ; VI. 753, 1 a. Coptic, V. 333, 1 a.
Gothic, VII. 762, 2 c; VIII. 125, 1 c; XVI.
104, 1 a (ULFILAS). Old Slavic, V. 620, 1 ab,
2 a ; XV. 104, 1 ab. Armenian, I. 727, 1 c.
Georgian, VII. 729, 2 a. Anglo-Saxon, I.
505, 2 b; II. 614, 1 ab (Saxon). English,
II. 614, 1 ab (see names there referred to, and
ROGERS, John, XIV. 387). German (Lu
ther s), II. 613, 2 c; VII. 764, 1 b: X. 728,
1 a, 730, 1 ab. Bohemian, II. 789, la; XI.
818, 2 b. Dutch, XII. 252, 1 a. Spanish
(first), I. 296, 1 a. Italian (Diodati s), VI.
120, 1 ab. Icelandic (first complete edition),
IX. 156, 1 a. Danish, VI. 17, 2 b. Welsh,
IV. 179, 2 ab. Indian (Eliot s), VI. 528, 2 a.
Biblia ffexapla, Origen s: see POLYGLOT, XIII.
687, 1 c.
Biblical traditions among the Karens, IX. 768,
2b.
BIBLIOG RAPHY, II. 618. Bibliographical works,
619, 1 b, ff. Earliest English treatise on it,
119, 1 c.
BIBLIOMA NIA, II. 621.
Bibliothe ca Palati na, section of the Vatican
library, VIII. 613, 1 c.
Bibliotheca Sacra, periodical, XIII. 301, 2 c.
BIBRA, Ernst von, baron [fon be -bra], German
naturalist, II. 622.
BIBRAC TE : see ATJTUN.
Bi brax Suesso num : see LAON.
Bicarburetted hydrogen, Faraday s name for
benzine, II. 544, 1 a.
BICETRE [be-saitr J, village of France, II. 622.
Hospital of, 2 c.
BICHAT, Marie Francois Xavier [be-sha], French
anatomist and physiologist, II. 623. His
classification of the organs of the body, I.
461, 1 be and c.
BICHE DE MER [beesh duh mair] : see SEA CU
CUMBER, XIV. 728, 2 be.
BICHLORIDE
BIHAR
99
Bichloride of methylene : see CIILORO -METHYL.
Bid [be -se], bird, VII. 110, 2 b.
BICKANEER , state of Hindostan, II. 623. Capi
tal town, 624, 1 a.
Bickern, small anvil, I. 579, 1 a.
BICK ERSTAFF, Isaac, English dramatist, II.
624.
BICKERSTETH, Edward, English clergyman, II.
624. Henry, Lord Langdale, lawyer, 1 c.
Edward, clergyman, ib. Robert, bishop,
2 a. Edward Henry, clergyman and poet,
2 ab.
Bidas pes, river, IX. 639, 2 c (JHYLITM).
BIDASSO A, river of Spain, II. 624.
BID DEFORD, city of Maine, II. 624.
Biddellians, sect, II. 626, 1 b.
Biddings, dumb, at auction, II. 103, 1 a.
BIDDLE, Clement, American soldier, II. 625.
Clement Cornell, political economist, 1 c.
BIDDLE, James, American naval officer, II. 625.
BIDDLE, John, English theologian, II. 625.
BIDDLE, Nicholas, American naval officer, II.
626.
BIDDLE, Nicholas, American banker, II. 626.
BIDDLE, Richard, American lawyer, II. 627.
His memoir on Sebastian Cabot, III. 531,
1 b.
BID EFORD, seaport of England, II. 627.
BIDLOO, Godfried [bid -lo], Dutch anatomist,
II. 627.
BIDPAY [bid -pi], reputed author of Hindoo
fables, II. 627.
Bieberich [be -ber-i li] : see BIEBRICH.
BiEBRicn [be -bri c h], town of Prussia, II. 627.
BIEFVE, Edouard de [byef], French painter, II.
627.
BIEL [beel] : see BIENNE.
Biel, Saxon divinity, II. 628, 2 b.
BIELA, Wilhelm von [be -la], German soldier
and astronomer, II. 627. Biela s comet,
628, 1 a; V. 141, 1 a.
BIELEFELD [be -leh-felt], town of Prussia, II.
628.
Biclersee [be -ler-za], lake, II. 629, 1 a (BIENNE).
BIELEV [byel-ev ], town of Russia, II. 628.
BIELGOROD [byel-go-rod j : see BELGOROD.
Bielina [bya-le -na], fortress of Bosnia, III.
112, 1 ab.
BIELITZ [be -lits], town of Austria, II. 628.
Old Bielitz, 1 c.
BIELLA [byel -la], town of Italy, II. 628.
Bielostok: see BIALYSTOK.
BIEI.OWSKI, August [byel-ov -ske], Polish writer,
II. 628.
BIELSIIOHLE [beels -ho-lSh], cave in the Hartz,
II. 628; VIII. 493, 2 c.
BIELSKI, Marcin [byel -ske], Polish historian,
II. 628.
Bielstein [beel -stine], mountain, II. 628, 2 b.
BIENNE [byen], town of Switzerland, II. 628.
Lake of, 629, 1 a.
BIENVILLE [be-en -vil], parish of Louisiana, II.
629.
BIENVILLE, Jean Baptiste Lemoine (Le Moyne),
sieur de [bya ng -veel], governor of Louisiana,
II. 629. Francois Le Moyne, sieur de, X. 338,
1 c.
Biere [byfiir], forest of, VII. 304, 2 ab.
BIERNACKI, Aloizy Prosper [byBr-nats -ke], Po
lish agricultural reformer, II. 630. Jozef,
patriot, 1 ab.
BIERSTADT, Albert [beer -stat], American artist,
II. 630.
BiES-Boscii [beece -bosk], marshy lake, Nether
lands, II. 630.
Bievre [byaivr J, forest of, VII. 304, 2 ab.
Bievre, stream in Paris, VIII. 59, 1 b (bis).
Bifrasta [be-fras -ta], in Scandinavian mythol
ogy, XII. 120, 1 b.
BIG/ AMY, II. 630 ; XIII. 687, 1 a.
Big Beaver, island, Lake Michigan, II. 436,
1 c.
Big Ben, bell, London, X. 610, 1 a.
BIG BLACK RIVER, Mississippi, II. 630.
BIG BONE LICK, Kentucky, II. 630.
BIGELOW, Erastus Brighara [big -e-lo], Ameri
can inventor, II. 630. His improvement of
the power loom for carpet weaving, IV. 20,
2 b, if. ; XVI. 525, 2 c.
BIGELOW, Jacob, American physician, II. 631.
BIGELOW, John, American journalist and au
thor, II. 631.
BIGELOW, Timothy, American lawyer, II. 631.
Big figure, in faro, VII. 89, 2 a.
Bigg, Scottish barley, II. 316, 1 a; III. 257, 1 c,
BIG HORN : see SHEEP, XIV. 837, 2 a,
BIG HORN, county, II. 631.
BIG HORN RIVER, II. 631.
Big Horn range, Rocky mountains, XIV. 375,
2c.
Bignonia (botany), XVI. 15, 2 c. B. capreo-
lata, 16, 1 c. B. venusta, 2 a.
Bigordi, Domenico, painter : see GIIIRLANDAIO.
Big Rapids, county seat, XI. 331, 2 c.
BIG STONE, county, II. 632.
Big tree grove ("the big trees"), HI. 567, 1 c
(CALAVERAS). See SEQUOIA.
BIHAR [be -hor], county of Hungary, II. 632.
100
BIJANAGUR
BINGERLOCH
BIJANAGUR [be-ja-na-giir j, city of India, II.
632.
BIJAWUR [be-jaw -er], state of Hindostan, II.
632.
Bil : see BELUS.
Bilateral disease, III. 310, 2 b.
Bilateral operation, for the stone, XV. 398,
2 c; 399, 1 a.
BILBAO [beel-ba -o or -bow ], city of Spain, II.
632 (ill.).
BILBERRY, shrub, II. 633 (ill.).
Bil Mlis, ancient town, III. 567, 1 a.
BILDERDIJK, Willem [bil -der-dike], Dutch poet,
II. 633. His second wife, poetess, 2 b.
BILE, II. 633. Its chemical composition, 2 be.
Its functions, 634, 1 c, ff., and IV. 514, 2 b
(CnOLESTERINE).
Bile duct, common, VII. 574, 2 ab.
BlLED-UL-jERID : S66 BELED-UL-JfiRID.
BILFINGER, Georg Bernhard [bil -fing-er], Ger
man philosopher, II. 636.
Bilgeways, in a ship, XIV. 864, 1 a.
BILGUER, Paul Rudolf von [bil -gair], German
chess player, II. 636.
Biliary concretions (calculi), [bil -ya-re], III.
570, 1 c; IV. 514, 1 be.
BILIARY DUCTS, II. 636 ; X. 536, 2 c.
Biliary fat, IV. 514, 1 ab.
Biliary sugar (picromel), II. 634, 1 c.
BILIX [be-leen ], town of Bohemia, II. 636.
Biline [bil -in], in bile, II. 634, 1 c.
BILIOUS FEVER, II. 637. Bilious attack, ib.,
and XV. 397, 1 be.
Bilit [be-leef] : see MYLITTA.
Biliverdine [bi-liv -er-din], (bile pigment), II.
633, 2 c ; 634, 1 b and c.
Bilkis, reputed queen of Sheba, I. 620, 2 c.
BILL, in legislation, II. 637. Public bill, 2 b.
Private bills, 638, 1 a. Money bills, 2 b.
Form of bills, 639, 1 a.
BILL, infantry weapon of the middle ages, II.
639 (ill.) ; I. 735, 1 b.
Bill, of an anchor, I. 465, 1 a.
Bill loolc, in bookkeeping, III. 81, 1 a.
BILL OF CREDIT, II. 639.
BILL IN EQUITY, II. 639.
BILL OF EXCHANGE : see EXCHANGE, and I. 56,
1 a (ACCEPTANCE). Rules of presentation,
ib. Liability of acceptor and holder, 57, 2 c.
Protest of foreign or inland bills, 58, 1 a.
BILL OF HEALTH : see QUARANTINE, XIV. 129,
1 ab.
BILL OF INDICTMENT : see INDICTMENT.
BILL OF LADING, II. 640.
Bill of the papal guarantees, by the Italian
parliament, IX. 454, 2 a.
BILL OF RIGHTS, in the constitutional law of
England, II. 640 ; of the United States, 2 b.
BILL OF SALE, II. 640.
BillaJi, Arabic title, III. 617, 2 a.
BILLAUD-VARENNE, Jean Nicolas [be-yo va-
ren], French revolutionist, II. 640.
BIL LE, Steen Andersen, Danish naval officer,
II. 641.
Billet, in heraldry, A r III. G72, 2 b. See plate
(after p. 670) on the left.
BILLIARDS [bil -yurdz], II. 641. Best manual
for playing, 643, 1 a. Billiard tables, 641,
1 be. if. Cushion and ball (ill.), 1 c. Car
om table, 2 b (ill.). Cue and mace, 2 c
(ill.). Position of the hand, 642, 1 a (ill.).
Six-pocket table (ill.), 2 b.
BILLINGS, Joseph, English navigator, II. 643.
BILLINGS, William, American composer, II. 643.
Billingsgate, fish market of London, X. 613, 2 c.
BILLINGTON, Elizabeth, English singer, II. 643.
BILLITON , East Indian island, II. 043.
Billon [bil -lono; Fr. be-yo ng ], debased silver,
XII. 535, 2 b.
BillrotJi [bil -rote], (Theodor, born 1829), his
theory of inflammation, IX. 276, 2 c. On
bacteria, XV. 285, 1 ab.
Bills receivable, in bookkeeping, III. 80, 2 a.
Bills payable, ib.
Billy-liter, bird, XV. 775, 1 c.
Bilon, kind of madder, X. 816, 1 c.
BILSON, Thomas, English divine and author,
II. 643.
Bilsted, tree, X. 518, 2 a.
BILSTON, town of England, II. 613.
BIMA [be -ma], state of Sumbawa, II. 644.
Bim lasU, Turkish military rank, XL 361, 1 b.
BIMINI [be-me -ne], imaginary island, II, 644.
BI NARY ARITHMETIC : see ARITHMETIC, I. 708,
1 c. Binary scale of numbers, ib.
Binary compounds, in chemistry, XII. 474,
2 c ; XIV. 582, 2 b.
Binary system of chemistry, II. 87, 2 a. Bi
nary theory, XIV. 582, 2 be.
Binary system in zoology, VII. 267, 2 a.
Binding of looks : see BOOKBINDING-.
BINDRABUND , town of Hindostan, II. 644.
Bindweed (convolvulus), V. 293, 1 a ; black,
XIII. 689, 1 a.
Bing, in preparing cotton for manufacture, V.
413, 1 c.
BING EN, town of Hesse-Darmstadt, II. 644(111.).
Bingerloch, or Bingen hole, II. 644, 1 c.
BINGIIAM
BIRON
101
BINGIIAM, Josepli [bing -um], English scholar,
II. 645.
BINGHAMTON [bing -um-tim], city of New York,
II. 645.
Bin gium, ancient town : see BINGEN.
BINGTANG , East Indian island, II. 645.
BIN NACLE, II. 645 ; V. 187, 1 b.
BINNEY, Amos, American savant, II. 645.
BINNEY, Horace, lawyer, II. 645. (Died 1875.)
BINNET, Thomas, English clergyman, II. 646.
Binondo [be-none -^o], suburb of Manila, XL
109, 1 c, 2 a.
Binoxalate of potash, XII. 757, 2 b ; 758, 1 a.
Bintang : see BINGTANG.
Binue [be-noo -a] : see BENOOWE.
BIOBIO [be-o-be -o], river of Chili, II. 646.
BIOI/OGY, science of life, II. 646 ; I. 527, 1 b.
BI ON, Greek poet, II. 646.
Bi oplasm, referred to, VII. 146, 1 a and b.
BIOT, Jean Baptiste [byo], French savant, II.
646.
Biotite, species of mica, XL 491, 1 a.
Bipennu, kind of battle axe, II. 393, 2 b.
Biphosphate of lime, X. 479, 1 b.
BIPONT EDITIONS (of the classics), II. 647.
Bipontium : see ZWEIBRUCKEN.
Bipotassic sulphate, XIII. 761, 1 c.
Biquadratic equation, first solved, XL 276,
1 c.
Biran, Maine de : see MAINE DE BIRAN.
BIRCH [burch], tree, II. 647. White birch, 1 c
(ills.). Weeping birch, 2 b (ill.). Black,
paper, red, and dwarf birch, 648, 1 a, b.
BIROII, Samuel, English Egyptologist, II. 648.
BIRCH, Thomas, D. D., English historian and
biographer, II. 648.
Birch agaric, used for sharpening instruments,
I. 173, 1 c.
Birch bark, uses of, II. 647, 2 a ; 648, 1 a.
Birch-lark tar, X. 277, 1 ab.
BIRCH-PFEIFFER, Charlotte [beer c h -pfi-fer],
German actress and dramatist. II. 648.
BIRD, Edward, English painter, II. 648.
BIRD. Gold ing, English physician and author,
II. 648.
BIRD, Robert Montgomery, American physician
and author, II. 648.
BIRDE, William, English composer, II. 649.
BIRD ISLANDS, West Indies, II. 649.
BIRD LIME, II. 649.
Bird mite, VI. 695, 2 ab (ill.).
BIRD OF PARADISE, II. 649. Greater paradise
bird, 2 c (ill.) ; red, 650, 2 c (ill.) ; king, 651,
1 b (ill., 650) ; superb, ib. (ill., 650) ; gold-
breasted, 1 a (ill.); twelve-wired, 2 c (ill.);
long-tailed, ib. (ill.).
Bird of Vclcz, V. 86, 2 c.
Bird pepper, III. 761, 2 a.
i BIRDS, II. 652. Their anatomy, 1 b; parts
(ill.), 2 a; digestive apparatus (ill.), 653, 1 b;
wing bones (ill.), ib. ; voice, 2 b ; brain, 054,
1 b ; organs of sense. 1 c ; propagation, 2 b.
Mining birds, 055, 1 c. Ground builders,
2 a. Mound builders, 2 b. Masons, 2 c.
Baker bird, ib. Carpenters, 650, 1 a. Plat
form builders, 1 ab. Basket makers, 1 b.
Weavers, 1 c. Tailors, 2 a. Cementers, 2 b.
Dome builders, 2 be. Parasites, 2 c. Skele
ton of birds, V. 174, 2 c; partial anatomy
of, II. 687, 1 c.
Birds, in heraldry, VII. 673, 1 be. See plate
(after p. 670), on the right.
Birds-foot trefoil, X. 648, 2 be.
Birds head process, organ of polyzoa, XIII.
691, 1 b.
BIRD S NEST, Edible, II. 657 ; I. 299, 2 c.
Bird s nest fern, VII. 151, 2 c (ill.).
Bird s nest fungus, VII. 583, 2 ab.
Bi reme, galley, VII. 575, 2 ab.
Biren [be -ren] : see BIRON, Ernest John.
Birgus, robber crab, V. 451, 1 b.
BIRKENFELD [beer -ken-felt], German princi
pality, II. 657.
Birkenfeld line, of Zweibrticken, XVI. 840, 1 a.
BIR KENHEAD, town of England, II. 657. Park
of, XIII. 103, 2 a (map).
BIRKENHEAD, Sir John, English writer, II. 658.
BIRKET-EL-KEROON [beer -ket], lake, II. 658.
BirJcetfs circus, New York, alluded to, II. 575,
1 c.
BIRMINGHAM [bur -ming-um], town of England,
II. 658; view, 659.
BIRMINGHAM, village of Connecticut, II. 660.
BIRMINGHAM, borough of Pennsylvania, II. 660.
BIRNAM, hill, Scotland, II. 660. Birnam wood,
2 ab.
BIRNEE, Old, town of Africa, II. 660.
BIRNEY, James G. [bur -ne], American philan
thropist and politician, II. 660. Defended by
S. P. Chase in a prosecution for harboring a
fugitive slave, IV. 327, 1 ab. David B., gen
eral, II. 660, 2 b. William, general, 661, 1 a.
Fitz Hugh, colonel, ib.
Strom s anemometer, I. 490, 1 b.
BIRON, Armand de Gontaut, duke de fbe-ro ne ],
French general, II. 661. Charles de Gon
taut, duke de, general, 1 b. Armand Louis
de Gontaut (duke de Lauzun), duke de, 1 c.
102
B1RON
BITTERSWEET
BIRON, Ernest John, duke of Courland and re
gent of Russia, II. 661. Peter, 662, 1 a.
BIER [bur] : see PARSONSTOWN.
BIRS NIMRUD [beerss nim-rood J : see BABEL, II.
180, 2 a, b, 181, 1 be ; BABYLON, 187, 2 a (ill.).
BIRSTALL [bur -stul], parish of England, II. 662.
BIRTH: see OBSTETRICS; also ABORTION, and
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.
Birthroot, plant, XV. 867, 1 ab.
Birzha [beer -zha], Russian exchange, VII. 21,
1 a.
BISACCIA [be-zat -cha], town of Italy, II. 662.
BISACQUINO [be-zak-kwe -no], town of Italy,
II. 662.
Bi&ayas [be-sa -yas], Malayo-Polynesian race,
XI. 56, 1 a; XIII. 418, 1 b (Bisayans).
BIS CAY, province of Spain, II. 662.
BISCAY, Bay of, II. 662.
BISCAY, New : see DURANGO.
BISCEGLIE [be-sha -lya], seaport of Italy, II. 662.
BIBCHOF, Karl Gustav [bish -ofe], German
chemist and geologist, II. 662. On the
genesis of minerals, XL 590, 2 b.
BISCHOFF, Christoph Heinrich Ernst [bish -uf],
German physician, II. 662. Theodor Lud-
wig "Wilhelm, anatomist and physiologist,
2 c. On the spontaneous ripening and dis
charge of ova, VI. 561, 1 c.
BISCHOFSWERDA [bish -ofes-vair-da], city of
Saxony, II. 663.
Bischop, Simon [bis -kop] : se EPISCOPICS.
BiscnwEiLER [bish -vl-ler], town of Alsace, II.
663.
Bischwiller [bish -vil-ler] : see BISCHWEILER.
Biscuit [bis -kit], for earthenware, XIII. 790,
2 a; for porcelain, 791, 2 a.
Bi set, wild rock pigeon, XIII. 504, 1 c.
Bisexual animals, I. 533, 2 b; VI. 370, 2 c;
VIII. 683, 2 c; X. 310, 1 c.
Bishroot, I. 68, 1 b (ACONITE).
BISHOP, II. 663. In the Roman Catholic
church, 2 a ; Anglican, 664, 1 b ; Protestant
Episcopal, 1 c ; Lutheran and Evangelical,
2 a ; Greek, ib. ; Methodist Episcopal, XL
456, 2 a. Number of bishops in the world,
II. 664, 2 a.
BISHOP, Sir Henry Rowley, English composer,
II. 664. Anna Riviere, vocalist, 665, 1 a.
Bishopric, II. 664, 2 a.
Bishops, city of, XII. 748, 1 c.
BISHOP STORTFORD, town of England, II. 665.
BisMARCK-ScnoNHAusEN, Otto Eduard Leo
pold, prince [biss -mark-shon -how-zen], Ger
man statesman, II. 665. His entrance into
the ministry, VII. 757, 1 b. His willingness
to cede German territory to France asserted
by Lamarmora, X. 118, 2 c. Attempted as
sassination of him, X. 19, 1 c. Interview
with Favre to agree on conditions of peace
between Germany and France, VII. 99, 1 ah;
treaty signed, 1 c.
Bism-Illah, or Bism- Allah, Mohammedan grace
before meat, I. 323, 1 be (ALLAH).
i BISMUTH [biz -muth], metal, II. 666. Its use in
thermometry, 2 b; in alloys, 667, la; in
thermo-electricity, 1 be. Compounds and
their uses, 1 b; in medicine, 1 c. Nitrate
of, XII. 463, 2 be, Magistery of, ib.
Bisnagur : see BIJANAGUR.
BISON, II. 667. B. Americanus, 2 b (ill.).
BISSAGOS [bis-sa -goos], islands of Africa, II.
668.
BIS SELL, William II., governor of Illinois, II.
668.
Bissermians, Finnish tribe, VII. 206, 2 c.
BISSET, Robert, English writer, II. 668.
Bistort, plant, XIIL 689, 1 a; ill., 688.
BISTRE [bis -ter], a water color, II. 668.
BIS TRITZ, town of Transylvania, II. 668.
Bisulphide of calcium, X. 478, 2 a ; of carbon,
III. 772, 2 b, and XV. 454, 2 c.
Bisutun [be-soo-toon J : see BEHISTUN.
Bit, for boring wood, varieties of, III. 98, 2 c
-99, 1 a (ills.) ; of a drill, II. 697, 1 c.
Bitche [beech], town : see BITSCH.
BITHOOR , town of Hindostan, II. 669. Ghauts
on the Ganges, 1 a (ill.).
BITHYN IA, ancient country of Asia, II. 6G9.
Bitolia, town: see MONASTIR.
BI TON AND CLE OBIS, in Greek legend, II. 669.
BITON TO, town of Italy, II. 669.
BITSCH, town of Alsace-Lorraine, II. 669 ; view,
670.
Bittacle : see BINNACLE.
Bitter ash, tree, XIV. 132, 1 b.
Bitter cups, goblets of bitterwood, XIV. 132, 2 a.
BITTERFELD [bit -ter-felt], town of Prussia, II.
670.
BIT TERN, bird, II. 670. English bittern, 1 c
(ill.); green, 2 a (ill.); least, 2 b (ill., 671).
Bittern, exhausted salt brine, bromine from,
III. 307, 2 c, 308, 1 b ; XIIL 693, 1 be.
BITTER PRINCIPLES, II. 671.
Bitter-root, plant, IX. 244, 1 b.
Bitter Root range, Rocky mountains, XL 771, 2 c.
Bitter Eoot river, Montana, XL 772, 1 b, be.
Bittersweet, plant, VI. 304, 2 b ; XV. 155, 1 b
(ill.). Climbing or shrubby, XVI. 517, 2 c.
BITTER-SWEET
BLACK
103
Bitter-sweet (wild orange), XII. 664, 1 c.
Bitterwood, tree, XIV. 132, 1 b (ill.).
Bitlis : see BETLIS.
BITTOOE : see BITHOOK.
Bitu [be-too ], kind of bamboo, VII. 110, 2 a.
BITU MEN, II. 671. Varieties, 2 c. Of Hit on
the Euphrates, 672, 1 c; of the Dead sea,
2 a; of Trinidad, ib. Preparation, 2 be.
Analysis, 2 c. Uses of the natural bitumens,
673, 1 ab. Origin of, 2 ab. Among the
Greeks and Romans, XIII. 366, 2 b.
Bituminous limestone, II. 673, 1 be. Bitumi
nous mastic, 1 b.
BITUMINOUS SHALE, II. 673.
Bituriges [be-tu/-re-jeez], ancient people of Cel
tic Gaul, II. 581, 1 c ; VII. 648, 2 a. Bituri
ges Cubi, in central Gaul, III. 157, 2 b; 159,
2 a. Bituriges Vivisci, of southern Gaul,
III. 90, 2 ab.
Bituvatu [be-too-va-too J, kind of bamboo, VII.
110, 2 a.
BITZIUS, Albert [bit -se-oos], Swiss author, II.
673.
Biu-biu, river, II. 646, 2 a (Biosio).
Bivalve shells, V. 198, 2 a, ff (ills.) ; 201, 2 a (ill.).
Bivar, Rodrigo Diaz de [be-var J, the Cid, I.
295, 2 c.
Biwa [be -wa], Japanese stringed instrument,
IX. 537, 1 c.
BIZEBTA [be-zer -ta], seaport of Tunis, II. 673.
BJORLING, Carl Olaf [byor -ling], Swedish prel
ate and author, II. 673.
BJORNEBORG [byor -neh-borg], seaport of Fin
land, II. 674.
BJORNSON, Bjornstjerne [byorn -son], Norwe
gian author, II. 674.
BJORNSTJEENA, Magnus Fredrik Ferdinand
[byorn-shair -na], Swedish statesman and au
thor, II. 674.
BLACAS, Pierre Louis Jean Casimir, duke de
[bla-ka], French statesman, II. 674.
BLACK, Adam, Scottish publisher, II. 074.
BLACK, Jeremiah S., American lawyer, II. 674.
BLACK, Joseph, Scottish chemist, II. 674. Dis
coverer of carbonic acid gas, III. 773, 2 ab.
His investigation of the alkalies, IV. 361,
1 c. His theory of caloric, VIII. 567, 2 be;
of latent heat, 576, 2 be; experiments on
specific heat, 573, 1 c, 2 be.
Black alder, shrub, XVI. 673, 2 c.
BLACK ALL, Offspring, English prelate, II. 675.
Blackband ores (iron), IX. 409, 1 ab, 2 a.
Black Barthel [bar -tel] : see SCHWARTZ, Ber-
thold, XIV. 689, 1 c.
Blaclc basalt ware, referred to, XIII. 783, 1 ab.
BLACKBERRY : see BRAMBLE. Common black
berry, III. 207, 1 c. High blackberry, 2 be
(ill., 208). Low bush blackberry, ib. See
RASPBERRY, XIV. 209, 2 a.
BLACKBIRD, county, II. 675.
BLACKBIRD, European, II. 675 (ill.). Red-
winged, of New England, 2 b (ill.). In the
northwestern states and Canada, 676, 1 b.
Black book of the admiralty, I. 124, 2 c.
Black boy, tree of Australia, II. 131, 1 a; VIII.
171, 2 ab.
Black buffalo, fish, XV. 437, 1 a.
BLACKBURN, town of England, II. 676.
Black Calmucks, XI. 747, 1 b.
BLACK CAP, bird, II. 676. European, 1 c (ill.).
American, 2 b.
Blackcap, raspberry, XIV. 210, 1 b.
Black-capped titmouse, XV. 775, 1 a.
Black cardinals, II. 577, 1 c. Banished by
Napoleon, III. 47, 2 b.
Black Castle of Opium : see AFIUM KARA-HIS-
SAR.
Black cat (fisher), VII. 223, 1 b.
Black chalk, IV. 232, 1 c.
BLACKCOCK, game bird, II. 676 ; ill., 677.
Black cohort, in the peasants war, XIII. 216,
2 a.
BLACK DEATH: see PLAGUE, XIII. 507, 1 c.
In Basel, II. 358, 1 b. In Norway, XII. 511,
1 a. Horrible persecution of the Jews oc
casioned by it, VIII. 597, 1 a.
Black drink, XVI. 773, 2 a (YAUPOX).
Black drop (vinegar of opium), XII. 648, 2 ab.
Black drop," in a transit of mercury, XI.
405, 1 c.
Black eagle, Prussian order of the, founded,
VII. 454, 2 a.
BLACKFEET, Indian tribe, II. 677; XII. 503,
2 a. Blackfeet confederacy, allusion to, I.
633, 1 a.
BLACKFISH (tautog), II. 677 (ill., 678).
Blackfish (dolphin), VI. 193, 1 a.
Black-fish whale (grampus), VIII. 147, 1 b.
BLACK FLUX, II. 678 ; V. 469, 1 c.
BLACK FLY, II. 678; VI. 129, 1 c.
BLACKFORD, county, II. 078.
BLACK FOREST, II. 678 ; 209, 2 a, c.
Black friars, II. 113, 2 b.
Blackfriars bridge, London, X. 592, 1 b.
Black grass, XIV. 471, 2 a.
Black grotto, near Adelsberg, I. 114, 1 c.
Black grouse : see BLACKCOCK.
BLACK GUM, tree, II. 679 (ills.).
104
BLACK
BLAIR
Black hawk, bird, III. 507, 1 a (ill., 506).
BLACK HAWK, Indian chief, II. 679.
BLACK HAWK, county, II. 680.
Black-head, duck, III. 733, 2 ab ; 734, 1 a.
Black-headed saki, monkey, XL 751, 2 c.
Blade helmet, cameo shell, III. 652, 2 a,
BLACK HILLS, II. 680 ; XIV. 375, 2 c ; XVI.
749, 2 c.
BLACK HOLE, Calcutta, II. 680. Monument
(ill.), ib.
Blade horse, fish, XV. 437, 1 a.
BLACKIE, John Stuart, Scottish author, II. 680.
BLACKING, for leather and iron, II. 681.
BLACK JACK, ore : see BLENDE, II. 708, 2 c.
Black-jack, tree, XII. 555, 2 a.
BLACK LEAD : see GEAPHITE.
BLACKLOCK, Thomas, D. D., blind Scottish cler
gyman, II. 681.
Blade magic, V. 795, 1 c.
BLACK MAIL, II. 681.
BLACKMAN, George Curtis, American surgeon,
II. 681.
Blade martin, bird, XV. 520, 1 a.
Blade medide, plant, X. 703, 2 a.
BLACKMOEE, Sir Richard, English physician
and writer, II. 681.
Blade mountain, on the shore of Lake George,
VII. 712, 2 c. Rogers s leap, ib.
BLACK MOUNTAINS, of the Appalachian system,
II. 682.
Blade mountains, of Africa, II. 798, 1 ab ; of
Circassia, IV. 603, 1 c.
Blade Pawnees: see RICKAREES.
Black pilot (rudder fish), XIV. 462, 2 be.
Blade Prince : see EDWAED, prince of Wales.
"Blade obelisk king," II. 34, 1 c.
Black quarter, murrain, XII. 61, 1 b.
BLACK RIVER, of New York, II. 682. See BIG
BLACK RIVER.
Blacks, a Guelphic faction at Florence, VIII.
297, 1 b.
Black saki, monkey, XL 751, 2 c.
BLACK SEA, II. 682. Its opening from the
Bosporus (ill.), 683. Made free to the com
merce of all nations by the treaty of Paris, i
X. 224, 2 a. Deneutralization of it, I. 285,
la: see XIV. 493, 2 a, and XVI. 62, 1 c.
Black shear, county seat, XIII. 501, 2 ab.
BLACK SILVER, II. 683.
BLACK SNAKE, II. 684 (ill.).
Black snaleeroot, IV. 583, 1 be ; V. 22, 2 be.
BLACKSTONE, town of Massachusetts, II. 684.
BLACKSTONE, William, first white inhabitant of
Boston, II. 684.
BLACKSTOXE, Sir William, English lawyer, II.
684.
"Blade stone," the, in the Caaba, XL 314, 2 c.
BLACKSTONE RIVEE, II. 685. Blackstone canal.
1 b.
Black stream (Japan current), XII. 781, 2 ab.
Black and tan (terrier), XV. 662, 2 c.
Blackthorn, tree, XIII. 620, 2 ab; XV. 106,
2 c (ill., 107).
Black tongue, fever, VII. 169, 2 be; murrain,
XII. 61, 1 b.
BLACK VOMIT, II. 685 ; VII. 166, 2 a.
BLACKWALL, suburb of London, II. 685.
BLACK WALNUT : see WALNUT.
BLACK WAEEIOE, river of Alabama, II. 685.
Black wart, disease in the plum tree, XIII.
621, 1 a.
BLACK WATER, river of Ireland, II. 685.
Black-water streams, of Brazil, III. 220, 1 c.
BLACKWELL, Alexander, Scottish physician, II.
685.
BLACKWELL, Elizabeth, American physician, II.
685. Emily, 2 c. See XVI. 701, 2 ab.
BLACKWELL S ISLAND, New York, II. 686.
BLACKWOOD, William, Scottish publisher, II.
686.
Bladewood s Edinburgh Magazine. II. 686, 1 a ;
X. 568, 2 b; XIII. 296, 1 b; XVI. 652, 2 c.
BLADDER, II. 686.
Bladder-ketmia, plant, VIII. 713, 2 c.
Bladder-weed, species of algae, I. 299. 2 a; VII.
515, 1 a. Charcoal of, as a medicine, 2 b.
Bladderwort, marsh plant, XVI. 237, 2 c (ill.,
238).
Blade of an anchor, I. 465, 1 a.
Blade of a leaf, X. 264, 1 c ; 266, 1 a, be.
BLA DEN, county, II. 687.
BLADENSBURG, town of Maryland, II. 687.
BLAGOVIESIITCHENSK [bla-go-vyesh-chensk ], a
town of Asiatic Russia, II. 687.
BLAINE, Ephraim, American soldier, II. C87.
James Gillespie, statesman, 2 be.
BLAINVILLE, Henri Marie Ducrotay de [diih
bLi ng -veel], French naturalist, II. 687. His
classification of birds, XII. 706, la; of fish
es, IX. 160, 1 be; of mammals, XI. 80, 1 c,
81, 2 b; of reptiles, VIII. 693, 1 be. His
theory of the anatomy of the head, XIII.
423, 1 c.
BLAIR, county, II. 688.
BLAIR, Francis Preston, American journalist,
II. 688 (died 1876). Montgomery, lawyer
and .politician, 2 b. Francis Preston, jr.,
lawyer and soldier, 2 c (died 1875).
BLAIR
BLEACHING
105
BLAIR, Hugh, Scottish divine and author, II.
689.
BLAIR, James, American clergyman and teach
er, II. 689.
BLAIR, John, Scottish chronologist and geog
rapher, II. 689.
BLAIR, Robert, Scottish poet, II. 689.
B lair s process of making steel, IX. 403, 2 a.
BLAIRSVILLE, borough of Pennsylvania, II. 689.
Blairsville, county seat, XVI. Ill, 2 c.
Blaizot [bla-zo], librarian to Louis XVL, im
prisonment in the Bastile, II. 376, 1 c.
BLAKE, George Smith, American naval officer,
II. 689.
BLAKE, John Lauris, American author and cler
gyman, II. 689.
BLAKE, Robert, English admiral, II. 690.
BLAKE, William, English artist and poet, II.
690. His process of etching upon copper,
691, 1 a; X. 526, 1 b.
Bldkely, county scats, II. 238, 1 a ; VI. 354, 1 c.
BLAKELY, Johnston, American naval officer,
II. 691.
BUJcely gun, I. 793, 2 c; III. 712, 2 a (ill.).
BUM a safety explosive, VII. 30, 1 c.
BLAKEY, Robert, English metaphysician and
author, IT. 692.
BLANC, Jean Joseph Louis [bla ng ], French po
litical and historical writer, II. 692. Auguste
Alexandra Charles, engineer and art critic,
2 c ; duel with Lacombe, X. 83, 1 c.
BLANC, Le [luh bla ng ], town of France, II. 693.
BLANC, Mont : see MONT BLANC.
Blanc fixe [bla ng feex], white pigment, II. 313,
1 c.
BLANCHARD, firnile [bla nfr -shar], French natural
ist, II. 693.
BLANCIIARD, Francois, French aeronaut, II.
693 ; I. 146, 1 c. Marie Madeleine Armant,
aeronaut, II. 693, 1 c ; I. 146, 2 b. Her tra
gic fate, ib.
BLANCH ARD, Henri Pierre Leon Pharamond,
French painter, II. 693.
BLAN CHARD, Laman, English writer, II. 693.
BLANCHARD, Thomas, American mechanic and
inventor, II. 693. His turning machine,
XVI. 74, 2 b.
BLANCHE, August [bla ng sh], Swedish poet, II.
693.
BLANCHE OF BOURBON, queen of Castile, II. 693.
BLANCHE OF CASTILE, queen of France, II. 694 ;
X. 652, 1 ah.
Blanche of France, daughter of St. Louis, X.
81, 1 ab and b.
BLANCO, county, II. 694.
BLAND, county, II. 694.
BLAND, Theodoric, American patriot and sol
dier, II. 694.
BLANDRATA, Giorgio [blan-dra -ta], Italian Uni
tarian, II. 695 ; I. 262, 1 a.
BLANGINI, Giuseppe Marco Maria Felice [blan-
je -ne], Italian composer, II. 695.
Blank (card), in faro, VII. 89, 1 b.
BLANKENBURG [blan -ken-boorg], circle in the
duchy of Brunswick, II. 695. Town, 2 ab.
Blanket of the whale, XVI. 581, 2 b.
BLANK HOF, Jan Teunisz, Dutch painter, II. 695.
Blanks, in pen making, XIII. 243, 2 b.
BLANQUI, Jerome Adolphe [bla ng -ke], French po
litical economist, II. 695. Jean Dominique,
2 c. Louis Augusto, revolutionist, 696, 1 a.
Blari na (zoology), XV. 8, 1 a, B. talpoides,
ib. (ill., 7).
BLARNEY, village of Ireland, II. 696. Blarney
castle, ib. (ill.). Blarney stone, 1 c.
BLAS PHEMY, in law, II. 690.
Blast, hot, in smelting furnaces, II. 743, 1 c.
See IX. 394, 1 a, if.
Blastfurnace, II. 741, 2 be ; VII. 542, 1 c ; IX.
392, 1 b, ff.(ills., 393, 394).
BLASTING, II. 697. Implements, 1 b ; 699, 1 b.
Sand blast, 697, 2 b. Excavation by fire, 2 c.
Blasting with the galvanic battery, 698, 1 b ;
at the Holyhead quarries, 2 a (ill.). Choice
of explosive compound, 2 c. Surface blast
ing, 699, 2 c. Mountain tunnelling, 700, 1 c.
Drill at work (ill.), ib. Sloping (ill.), 2 a.
Iloosac tunnel, 701, 1 a. Submarine blast
ing, 1 ab ; coffer dam, ib. (ill.). Removal of
Blossom rock, 2 a (ills., 702) ; of obstructions
at Hellgate, 702, 2 a (ill.).
Blasting powder, composition of, VIII. 331,
2 ab.
Blastocerus (zoology), V. 758, 2 a. B. paludo-
sus, ib. (ill.). B. campestris, ib.
Blastodermic membrane, VI. 561, 2 be.
BUtta (entomology), IV. 788, 2 b. B. orien-
talis, 2 c. B. Americana ferruginca, XI. 292,
1 be.
Blama : see BLAYE.
BLAYE [blfi], town of France, II. 703. Citadel,
prison of the duchess of Berry, ib. " Ex-
jailer of Blaye," III. 417, 2 be.
Blase de Bury /-see BURY, Ange Henri Blaze de.
Blazing off, in saw making, XIV. 651, 2 a.
Blazonry : see HERALDRY, and TOURNAMENT,
XV. 824, 2 a.
BLEACHING, II. 703. Dutch process, 1 c.
106
BLEACHING
BLOIS
Chemical acjtion, 2 b. Use of chlorine, 704,
1 a; of sulphurous acid, 2 c. Bleaching of
wool, 2 b ; of silk, 705, 1 ab ; of straw, 1 c ;
of wax, 2 b; of liquids, 2 be; of cotton
( American bleaching"), 2 c. Agency of
ozone in bleaching, XII. 777, 2 a.
BLEACHING POWDER, II. 706.
BLEDOW, Lndwig [bla -do], German chess play
er, II. 707.
BLEDSOE, county, II. 708.
BLEDSOE, Albert Taylor, American author and
instructor, II. 708. (Died 1877.)
"Bleeders : " see HAEMORRHAGE, VIII. 374. 1 ab.
Bleeding heart, plant, VI. 87, 1 c.
BLEEK, Friedrich [blaik], German theologian,
II. 708. Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel, phi
lologist, 1 c.
BLEIBTREU, Georg [blipe -troi], German paint
er, II. 708.
Blemmyes : see BLEMYES.
BLEMYES, or Blemmyes [blem -me-eez], ancient
African race, II. 708.
BLENDE, ore of zinc, II. 708.
BLENHEIM [Eng. blen -im ; Ger. blen -hime],
village of Bavaria, II. 709. Battle of, ih.,
and X. 357, 1 b. Blenheim park and house,
II. 709, 1 c (ill.).
BLENNERHAS SETT, Harman, victim of Aaron
Burr s conspiracy, II. 709. His wife, author
of poems, 710, 1 b. Joseph Lewis, lawyer,
1 be.
Blen nius (ichthyology), II. 710. B. ocellaris,
1 c (ill.). B. serpentinus, 2 a.
BLENNY, fish, II. 710. Eyed blenny, 1 c (ill.).
Eel-shaped blenny, X. 506, 2 b.
JBlepharoplasty, surgical operation, II. 156, 2 b.
BLERE [bla-ru], town of France, II. 710.
Bleschamp, Marie Alexandrine Charlotte Lou
ise Laurence de [blu-shu ng ], (Mme. Jouber-
thon), second wife of Lucien Bonaparte, III.
34, 2 c.
BLESSINGTON, Margaret, countess of, II. 711.
Bletting, in decay of fruit, XI. 356, 1 a.
Blewficlds : see BLUEFIELDS.
BLICHER, Steen Steensen [ble - c her], Danish
author, II. 711.
Blick silver, X. 260, 2 ab.
Blida : see BLIDAII.
BLIDAII [ble -da], town of Algeria, II. 711.
BLIGH, William [bli], English navigator, II.
711. Mutiny of his crew, 712, 1 a. Gives
his name to the Feejee islands, VII. 113,
2 a.
Blight (mildew), XI. 535, 1 a ; XIII. 212, 2 ab.
BLIND, the, II. 712, Causes of blindness, 1 c.
Proportion of blind as to age and sex, 713,
1 a. Number, and proportion to population,
2 b. Classified table of blind in the United
States, 714. Care and education of the
blind, 715, 1 a. Institutions in Great Brit
ain and Ireland, 2 c ; on the continent, 716,
2 ab ; in Brazil and Turkey, 717, 2 c ; in the
United States, 718, 1 a. Printing for the
blind, 719, 1 b. Alphabets, 2 a, tf. (ills.).
Comparative value of sight and hearing,
721, 2 b. Eminent blind persons, 721
(table), 722, 1 ab.
BLIND, Karl [blint], German political agitator,
II. 722.
" Blind as a hat, 1 1 ground for this saying, II.
377, 1 b.
BLIND FISH, II. 722 (ill.). Cuban blind fishes,
723, 1 b. Eye of, ih., and VII. 48, 2 ab.
See Amhlyopsis (Index).
Blind gut (anatomy), III. 539, 1 c.
Blindheim [blmt -hinie] : see BLENHEIM.
Blind traveller, the : see HOLMAN, James.
BLINDWORM, reptile, II. 723 (ill.).
BLISTER, II. 724.
Blizzard: see WIND, XVI. 659, 2 ab.
Bloaters : see HERRING, VIII. 698, 1 c.
BLOCH, Markus Elieser [blo k h], German natu
ralist, II. 724. His "Natural History of
Fishes," IX. 159, 2 c.
BLOCK, Maurice, French political economist,
II. 724.
BLOCKADE , II. 724 ; X. 228, 2 be ; XII. 261,
2 a ; XV. 26, 2 b. Napoleon s paper block
ade of the British ports, and England s re
taliation in kind, II. 725, 1 b. Blockade of
the southern ports by the United States,
1 c.
Block hook: see PRINTING, XIII. 846, 1 b.
Blocking : see PIANOFORTE, XIII. 491, 1 a.
BLOCK ISLAND, II. 725; XIV. 291, 2 b.
Blocksherg (Brocken), VIII. 493, 2 c.
Blocs erratiques (bowlders), III. 167, 1 a.
BLODGET, Lorin, American physicist, II. 725.
BLODGET, Samuel, American inventor, II. 726.
BLOEMAERT, Abraham [bloo -mart], Dutch
painter, II. 726. Cornells and Adrian, en
gravers, 1 a.
BLOEMEN, Jan Frans van [bloo -men], Flemish
painter, II. 726. Peter van, painter, 2 b.
BLOEMFONTEIN [bloom -fon-tine], town of S.
Africa, II. 726.
BLOIS [bl wa], city of France, II. 726. Castle
of, 727, 1 a (ill., 726).
BLOIS
BLtfCIIER
107
Blois, Mile, de, daughter of Louis XIV., V.
287, 2 c ; X. 213, 2 be.
BLOMFIELD, Charles James [blum -feeld], Eng
lish clergyman and scholar, II. 727.
BLOMMAERT, Philip [blom -inart], Flemish wri
ter, II. 72V.
BLOND, Jacques Christophe le [luh blo ng ], re
puted inventor of printing in colors, II. 727.
BLONDEL [blo ag -del], French trouvere, II. 727.
Blondel, David, on Pope Joan, IX. 641, 2 a.
BLOOD, II. 728. Physical qualities, 1 a. Quan
tity in the human body, 1 b. Composition,
729, 1 a ; changes in, 730, 1 c. Microscopi
cal study of the blood, 2 a ; red corpuscles,
2 ab ; white corpuscles, 731, 1 b ; molecular
elements, 2 ab ; pigment, 2 b ; crystals, 2 c ;
coagulated librine, ib. Coagulation of the
blood, 732, 1 b, ff. Formation, 735, 1 be.
Uses, 730, 1 ab. The red globules dis
covered by Leeuwenhoek, X. 314, 1 a ; ca
pillary circulation by Malpighi, XI. 68, 1 c ;
method of circulation divined by Servetus,
XIV. 780, 1 ab. See CIRCULATION, HARVEY,
ARTERY, HEART, and VEINS. The blood in
hibernation, VIII. 712, 2 b ; in inflamma
tion, IX. 277, 1 a ; how affected by respira
tion, XIV. 278, 1 c. See TRANSFUSION OF
BLOOD.
Blood, corruption of (legal), II. 91, 1 c, 2 a
and c.
BLOOD, Col. Thomas, Irish adventurer, II. 736.
BLOODHOUND, II. 786 (ill.); IX. 11, 2 ab.
BLOODLETTING, II. 737. Instances of, 735, 2 a.
BLOOD MONEY, II. 738.
BLOOD RAIN, II. 738 (ill.).
BLOODROOT, plant, II. 738 ; ill, 739.
Blood snow, II. 738, 2 b.
BLOOD STAINS, in medical jurisprudence, II.
739.
BLOODSTONE, variety of quartz, II. 741 ; IX.
570, 2 b.
Blood-striking : see MURRAIN, XII. 60, 2 c.
Bloody articles : see REFORMATION, XIV. 249,
2 a.
Bloom, crude malleable iron, II. 741, 2 a.
BLOOM ARY (furnace), II. 741. East Indian,
2 ab. Corsican, 2 c. Catalan, ib. German,
742, 1 c. In the United States, 2 b. Bloom-
ary fire, ib. Bloomary hearths, 743, 1 b.
Blast, 1 c ; hot blast, ib. Reduction of ores
by carbonic oxide, 2 b. Sinking fire, 2 c.
Lancashire hearth, ib.
Bloomfield, county seats, V. 710, 1 be ; VIII.
228, 2 a.
BLOOMFIELD, Robert, English poet, II. 744.
BLOOMFIELD, Samuel Thomas, D. D., English
scholar and critic, II. 744.
Blooming dale asylum for the insane, XII. 398,
1 ab.
BLOOMINGTON, village of Indiana, II. 744.
BLOOMINGTON, city of Illinois, II. 744.
Bloomington, county seat (now Macon City),
X. 803, 2 c.
Blooming train, American : see STEEL, XV.
362, 1 a.
Bloomsburg, county seat, 116, 2 b.
Blossom rock,, harbor of San Francisco, re
moval of, II. 701, 2 a; ills., 702.
BLOUNT [blunt], two counties, II. 744.
BLOUNT, Charles, English deistical writer, II.
744. Sir Henry, traveller, 745, 1 b. Sir
Thomas Pope, author, ib.
Blount, Teresa and Martha, friends of Alexan
der Pope, XIII. 708, 2 ab.
BLOUNT, Thomas, English writer, II. 745.
BLOUNT, William, American politician, II. 745.
Blountsmlle, county seat, II. 744, 2 b.
Blow, in pugilism, varieties of, XIV. 76, 1 a, ff.
BLOW, John, English composer, II. 745.
Blowers, in coal mines, X. 130, 2 c.
Blow-hole, in the whale, XVI. 579, 2 b.
Blowing cave, Virginia, XVI. 375, 1 c.
Blowing engines, in a blast furnace, IX. 394, 1 a.
BLOWING MACHINES, II. 745. Blowing cylin
ders, 1 b and c. Water blowing machine,
1 b, and 746, 2 b (see I. 116, 2 c; XIII. 629,
2 be). Fan blower, 746, 1 be.
BLOWPIPE, II. 747. Cupellation by, 2 a; anal
ysis, 2 b. Form of, 748, 1 c. Quick s gas
blowpipe, 2 a. Automatic blowpipes, ib.
Treatises on, 2 ab. Compound or oxyhy-
drogen blowpipe, 749, 1 a (see HARE, Rob
ert, VIII. 458, 2 a). Apparatus of the Drs.
Roberts, 2 a.
Blow-up pans, in sugar refining, XV. 447, 1 b.
Blubber of the whale, XVI. 579, 2 c, 581, 2 b ;
of the narwhal, XII. 148, 2 b.
BLUCHER, Gebhard Leberecht von [blu - c her],
Prussian field marshal, II. 750. Campaigns
of l793- 4 as a cavalry officer, 2 a; of 1805
- 6, 2 b ; discharge from service, 2 c. Cam
paign of 1813 as commander of the Silcsian
army, 751, 1 a, ff. Campaign of 1814 in
France, 753, 1 b ; division of the allied army,
754, 1 a ; French victories, 1 c, ff. ; retreat
of Schwarzenberg, 755, 1 ab ; Blucher s
march on Paris, ib. ; battle of Laon, 2 be ;
retreat of Napoleon, 756, 1 ab; battle be-
108
BLUDOFF
BOCA
fore Paris, 1 b. Honors to Bliicher, 1 be.
Campaign of 1815, 1 c. Personal and mili
tary character, 2 ab.
BLUDOFF, Dmitri Nikolayevitch, count [bloo -
dof], Kussian statesman, II. 756.
BLUE, primary color, II. 757.
BLUE, Prussian : see POTASSIUM, XIII. 762, 2 c, ff.
Blue baclc, fish, VIII. 696, 2 c.
Blue leech (hornbeam), VIII. 819, 1 c.
Blue bell, plant, IX. 100, 2 ab (ill.),
Blueberry : see BILBERRY, and WHORTLEBERRY,
XVI. 613, 2 b.
BLUEBIRD, II. 757 (ill.).
Blue bonnet, bird, XV. 775, 1 c.
Blue-bottle fly, VII. 294, 2 b (ill.) ; VI. 697, 2 a.
Blue cap, bird, XV. 775, 1 c.
Blue coat school : see CHRIST S HOSPITAL.
BLUE EARTH, county, II. 757.
Blue Earth City, county seat, VII. 86, 2 be.
BLUEFIELDS, river and town of Nicaragua, II.
757.
BLUEFISH, II. 757; ill., 758.
Blue-fag, plant, IX. 364, 1 a.
Blue glass, use of in optics, IV. 767, 1 b.
Blue grass (Kentucky), VIII. 168, 1 ab ; ill., 167.
Blue grass region,? Kentucky, IX. 798, 1 ab;
pastures, VIII. 168, 1 b.
Blue grotto, in Capri, III. 760, 2 a.
BLUEING OF METALS, II. 758.
Blue John, mineral, VII. 292, 1 ab.
BLUE LAWS, II. 758. The existence of the
" blue laws " of Connecticut disproved, 2 c :
see V. 261, 2 b (CONNECTICUT).
BLUE LICK SPRINGS, village of Kentucky, II.
759.
Blue lights, in pyrotechny, XIV. 117, 2 c.
BLUE MONDAY, II. 759.
BLUE MOUNTAINS, of Jamaica, II. 759, 1 c; of
New South Wales, 2 a ; of the United States :
see KITTATINNY.
Blue pill, composition of, XI. 402, 2 c ; effects
of, 403, 1 a.
Blue-pots (crucibles), V. 525, 2 a.
BLUE EIDGE, mountain range, II. 759 ; XVI.
373, 2 a.
BLUE RIVER, Indiana, II. 759.
Blue spar: see LAPIS LAZULI.
Blue-stocking, bird, II. 163, 2 c.
BLUE STOCKINGS, a designation of learned
women and clubs, II. 759.
Blue-tangle, kind of whortleberry,XVI. 613,1 c.
BLUET D ARBERES, Bernard [blil-a dar-bair],
French professional fool, II. 759.
Blue vats, in dyeing, VI. 341, 1 c.
BLUE VITEIOL: see COPPER, V. 319, 1 a.
Bluffton, county seat, XVI. 550, 2 c.
BLUM, Robert [bloom], German revolutionist,
II. 760.
BLUMENBACH, Johann Friedrich [bloo -men-
ba k h], German naturalist, II. 700. His eth
nological division of mankind, VI. 753, 2 be;
V. 193, 2 a.
Blunderbuss, musket, XII. 100, 2 c.
BLUNT, Edmund March, American hydrogra-
pher, II. 761. Edmund, coast surveyor, 1 c.
BLUNT, John James, English divine, II. 761.
BLUNTSCHLI, Johann Kaspar [bloontsh -le], Ger
man jurist and statesman, II. 761.
Blyden, E. W., negro scholar, his essay on
Liberia, X. 399, 2 c.
Blyth, Lieut., of the British brig Boxer, III.
477, 2 c.
BO A, genus of serpents, II. 762. B. constric
tor, 2 c (ill., 763) ; III. 225, 2 b. See Boidcs
(Index), and ANACONDA, I. 451, 2 b.
BOADEN, James [bo -den], English dramatist
and biographer, II. 763.
BOADICEA [bo-a-di-se -a], British queen, II. 763.
BOAR, II. 763. Wild boar, 764, 1 c (ill.). Boar
hunting, ib. ; in India, 2 b.
BOARDMAN, George Dana, American mission
ary, II. 764. George Dana, D. D., his son,
765, 2 b.
Boar hound, II. 764, 2 b.
Boar s Pillar, victories of Aristomenes at, I.
704, 2 c.
BOATBILL, bird, II. 765 ; ill., 766.
Boat fly, XVI. 499, 2 c (WATER BUG).
Boating : see ROWING.
Boat shell (limpet), X. 486, 2 be.
Boatswain bird (tropic bird), XVI. 7, 1 a.
Boat-tails, birds, VIII. 145, 1 b.
Boat town, near Canton, China, III. 728, 1 c.
BOAVIS TA, island of Africa, II. 766.
BOBADIT/LA, Francisco de [Sp. bo-ba-?Ae -lya],
governor of Hispaniola, II. 766,
Bob binet, a kind of lace, X. 79, 2 b.
Bo boli gardens, in Florence, VII. 276, 2 a.
BOB OLINK, bird, II. 766 (ill.).
BOBRUISK [bo-broo-isk J, town of Russia, II.
767.
Bobstay, rope in a ship, XIV. 865, 2 a.
Bob White (quail), XIV. 125, 2 c; ill., 126.
Bocage: see BOCOAGE, M. M. B. du.
Bo ca Grande [gran -da] : see CHARLOTTE HAR
BOR.
BOCA TIGRIS [te -gris], entrance to Canton riv
er, II. 767 (ill.) ; III. 731, 1 c.
BOCCACCIO
BOG
109
BOCCACCIO, Giovanni [bok-kat -cho], Italian
novelist, II. 767 ; IX. 459, 1 c, 2 a.
Bocca di Bonifacio : see BONIFACIO.
BOCCAGE, Manoel Maria Barbosa du [bok-ka/-
zha], Portuguese poet, II. 700.
BOCCAGE, Marie Anne Le Page [buk-kazh],
French poetess, II. 769.
BOCCAXERA, Simone [bok-ka-na -ra], first doge
of Genoa, II. 769. Gillo, admiral, 1 c.
Boccasini, Nicolo [bok-ka-ze -ne], (Pope Bene
dict XL), II. 518, 1 c.
BOCCIIERIXI, Luigi [bok-ka-re -ne], Italian com
poser, II. 769.
BoccJietta [bok-ket -ta], pass of the, I. 582, 1 ab.
Boc clim, king of Mauritania, IX. 709, 1 a.
Boccold, John : see Jonx OF LEYDEX.
BOCCOXE, Paolo [bok-ko -naj, Sicilian natural
ist, II. 709.
BOOHAKT, Samuel [buh-shar], French oriental
scholar, II. 769.
Bo clier, Joan (Joan of Kent), burned for an
unintelligible heresy, VI. 438, 2 a.
BOOIINIA [bo k h -nya], town of Austria, II. 769.
BOCHOLT [bo - k holt], town of Prussia, II. 769.
BocnsA, Robert Nicolas Charles [bok -sa],
harpist and composer, II. 770.
BOCIIUM [bo - k hoom], town of Prussia, II. 770.
BOCK, Cornelius Peter [buk], German archae
ologist, II. 770.
BOCK, Franz, German theologian and archasol-
ogist, II. 770.
BOCK, Karl August, German anatomist, II. 770.
Karl Ernst, anatomist and author, 2 b.
BOCKELSOX, Johann : see JOHN OF LEYDEX.
BOCKEXHEIM [buk -en-hime], town of Prussia,
II. 770.
BOCKII, August, German philologist and anti
quary, II. 770.
BOCKIXG, Eduard, German jurist, II. 771.
BOCKLIX, Arnold, Swiss painter, II. 7Yl.
BOCKSBERGER [buks -pair-gher], Hans or Ilie-
ronymus, German painter, II. 771.
Bocksbeutel [buks -boi-tel], bottles for Stein
wine, VII. 775, 1 b.
Bocksperger : see BOCKSBERGER.
Bode, valley of, in the Hartz, referred to, VIII.
493, 2 c.
BODE, Johann Elert [bo -dSh], German astrono
mer, II. 771. Bode s law, 2 b ; XIII. 569, 1 c.
BO DEXSTEDT, Friedrich Martin, German au
thor, II. 771.
Hodhi, in Buddhism, III. 393, 2 b.
BODICHOX, Eugene [biih-de-sli6 ng ], French phy
sician, II. 772. Barbara Leigh, 1 b.
BODIX, Jean [btth-da ng ], French publicist, II.
772.
Bodina, town, VI. 402, 1 c.
BODLEI AX LIBRARY, II. 772 (ill.).
BOD LEY, Sir Thomas, founder of the Bodleian
library, II. 773.
BOD MER, Georg, Swiss mechanic, II. 773.
BODMEB, Johann Jakob, German scholar and
literary reformer, II. 773.
BODMIX, town of England, II. 773.
Bodminian, a mediaeval name of Bodmin, II.
773, 2 b.
BodocV, tree, VIII. 604, 1 c; XII. 714, 2 a.
BODO NI, Giambattista, Italian printer, II. 773.
Body -color painting, XVI. 501, 1 ab.
Boece [boise] : see BOETHIUS, Hector.
BOEIIM, Jakob [bom], German mystic, II. 774.
Boehme, Jakob [bo -mSn] : see BOEIIM.
Bcelime ria nive a (botany), XIV. 194, 2 c ; ill.,
195.
Boeijens [bo-I -yence], family name of Pope
Adrian VI., I. 131, 2 c.
Ba otarch, chief magistrate of Boeotia, II. 774,
2 c.
BCEOTIA [be-o -sha], division of ancient Greece,
II. 774. Boeotian confederacy, 2 c. Modern
Boeotia, 775, 1 b.
Bwotians, ancient race, II. 774, 2 c. Their pro
verbial dulness, 775, 1 b.
Bozotiam of France, II. 157, 1 c (AUVERGXE).
BOERIIAAVE, Hermann [bore -hav ; Dutch,
boor -ha-veh], Dutch physician, II. 775. His
chemical experiments, IV. 360, 2 c. Check
given by him to the study of comparative
anatomy, V. 185, 2 ab. His theory of in
flammation, IX. 275, 1 a.
Boeroe [Dutch, boo-roo ] : see Boorto.
BOERS [boors], Dutch colonists of S. Africa, II.
775. Their migrations, 776, 1 a. Orange
River Republic, 2 b. Transvaal Republic,
777, 1 a.
BoETnius, Anicius Manlius Torquatus Sevcri-
nus [bo-e -the-us], Roman philosopher, II.
777. His supposed indebtedness to Capella,
III. 749, 1 c.
BOETHIUS, Hector, Scottish historian, II. 778.
BOETIE, Etienne de la [la bo-a-se], French au
thor, II. 778.
Bauf gras [btif gra], procession of, in Paris,
IV. 9, 2 c.
BOG, II. 778. Timber raised from bogs. 2 a.
Peat marsh of Montoire, France, 2 c. Bogs
of Ireland, ib. Chatmoss, England, 779, 1 b.
American bogs, 1 be.
110
BOQ
BOISE
BOG, river : see BUG.
BOGAE DUS, Everardus, Dutch-American cler
gyman, II. 780.
BOGAEDUS, James, American inventor, II. 780.
His dry meter, VII. 639, 1 a. (Died 1874.)
Bogardus Corners, a former name of Syracuse,
N. Y., XV. 544, 2 a.
Bog-bumper, bird, II. 670, 2 a.
BOGDANO VITCH, Ippolit Fedorovitch, Eussian
poet, II. 781.
Bogdo lama, X. 116, 1 a (LAMAISM).
BOGGS, Charles Stuart, American naval officer,
II. 781.
Boghead cannel, IX. 812, 2 ab.
Bogie [bo -ghe], in railroad carriages, XIV. 172,
1 c; 173, 1 c; 181, 2 a; XV. 338, 2 a.
Bogies, in coal mining, V. 66, 1 ab.
BOGLIPOOE , district of Bengal, II. 781. Capi
tal, 2 a.
BOGODTJKIIOV , town of Eussia, II. 781.
BOGOMILES, religious sect : see BASIL, a Bulga
rian physician, II. 361 ; VIII. 55, 1 a; XIII.
178, 1 a.
BOG OEE, iron, II. 779 ; I. 339, 2 c ; IX. 408, 1 a.
BOGOTA, Santa Fe~ de [san-ta fa da bo-go-ta ],
capital of Colombia, II. 781 ; view, 782.
Plain of Bogota, 2 c. History, 783, 1 b.
BOGUE, David [boag], Scottish preacher and au
thor, II. 783.
Bogue, the : see BOCA TIGEIS.
BOGUSLAWSKI, Adalbert [bo-goo-slav -ske], Po
lish actor and dramatist, II. 783.
Bohaddin : see BOHA-EDDIN.
BOHA-EDDIX, Abul-Mohassen Yusuf ibn She-
dad [bo -ha-ed-deen ], Arabian historian, II.
783.
Bohea: see TEA, XV. 600, 2 a.
Boheim, Hans [bo -hime] : see PEASANTS WAE,
XIII. 215, 1 b.
BOHE MIA, division of the Austro-IIungarian
monarchy, II. 783. Mountains, 2 c. Eivers,
784, 1 c. Geology, 2 a. Climate and soil,
2 b. Industry, 2 c. Inhabitants, 785, 1 c.
Government, 2 b. History, 2 c.
BOHEMIAN BEETHEEN, II. 786. See AUGUSTA,
John, II. 110, 2 c; LISSA, X. 522, 2 b.
BOHEMIAN LANGUAGE AND LITEEATURE, II. 787.
Bohemian peasants (ill.), II. 784, 1 a.
BO IIEMOND, Marc, Norman crusader, II. 790;
I. 293, 2 a and b.
BOHLEN, Peter von [bo -len], German oriental
ist, II. 790.
BOIIL FABEE, Cecilia [bol fa -ber], Spanish au
thoress, II. 790. (Died 1877.)
Bdhl wn Faler, Nikolas, Spanish author, II.
790, 1 b.
Bdhm. Jakob : see BOEIIM.
BO HM, Theobald, German flutist, II. 790.
BOHN, Henry George [bone], English publisher,
II. 790.
BOHOL [bo-ole J, island, Philippines, II. 790.
BOHTLINGK, Otto [bot -lmk], Eussian oriental
ist, II. 791.
BO HUN, Edmund, English writer, II. 791.
Boiar : see BOYAE.
BOIAEDO, Matteo Maria [bo-yar -do], Italian
poet, II. 791 ; IX. 460, 2 c.
Bo idee, family of serpents, II. 762, 1 a. Gene
ra : python, 1 c (ill.) ; hortulia, 2 b (ill.) ;
boa, 2 c (ill., 763) ; eunectes, -ib. Character
and habits, ib., ff.
BOIELDIEU, Francois Adrien [bo yel-dyuh],
French composer, II. 791.
Bon [bo -yi], Celtic people, II. 791. In Bava
ria, 401, 2 c; in Bohemia, 785, 2 c.
BOIL, inflamed tumor, II. 792.
BOILEAU-DESPEEAUX, Nicolas [b wa-lo-da-pra-6],
French poet and critic, II. 792.
Boiled oil, X. 513, 1 c.
Boiler : see STEAM BOILEE.
Boiling, in iron manufacture, IX. 400, 1 b.
Soiling lake, II. 230, 2 a.
BOILING POINT, II. 793. Method for ascertain
ing the boiling points of liquids. 2 c (ill.,
794). Experiments on the boiling point of
water, 794, 1 a (ills.). Probable cause of
steam-boiler explosions, 795, 2 c. Tables
of boiling points, 793, 2 b, 796. Variation
of temperature of boiling point, XV. 326,
2b.
Boiling-point barometer, II. 329, 1 c.
Boiling springs : see GEYSEES.
Bois, Jotyi : see BOYSE.
BOISAED, Jean Jacques Francois Marie [bwa-
zar], French fabulist, II. 796. Jacques Fran
cois, 1 c.
Bois (Fare [Fr. bwa dark ; Eng. bo dark]. VIII.
604, 1 c ; XII. 714, 2 a.
Bois de Boulogne [bwa diih boo-lony" 1 ], park of
Paris, III. 154, 1 ab; XIII. 81, 1 b; 97, 1 c;
99, 2 c; map of, 100. Avenue, 81, 1 b;
100, 2 c.
Bois de Rhodes [rode], source of oil of rose
wood, XIV. 441, 1 b.
Bois de vache [vash], dried ordure for fuel, II.
668, 1 c.
BOISE [boi -za], county, II. 796.
BOISE CITY, capital of Idaho, II. 796.
BOISE
BOLSWARD
111
Boise Shoshones, American Indians, IX. 166,
1 be.
Bois Franc [Fr. bwa fra n "], a forest in Minne
sota, XL 604, 2 c.
Bois-LE-Duc [bwa-luh-diikj, city of Holland,
II. 797.
BOISSIEU, Jean Jacques de [bwa-se-tih], French
engraver, II. 797.
BOISSY, Hilaire fitienne Octave Rouille, mar
quis de [bwa-se], French politician, II. 797.
BOISSY D ANGLAS, Francois Antoine de [da ng -
gla], French statesman, II. 797.
BOISTE, Pierre Claude Victoire [bwast], French
lexicographer, II. 797.
BOIVIN, Marie Anne Victoire Gillain [bwa-
va ns ], French midwife, II. 797.
BOJADOR , Cape, Africa, II. 798.
Bojardo [bo-yar -do] : see BOIARDO.
BOKER, George Henry, American dramatist
and poet, II. 798.
BOKHARA [bo-k ha -ra], khanate of Turkistan,
II. 798. Description, 1 c. Productions, 2 c.
Inhabitants, 799, 1 a (ill., 798). Trade, 1 b.
Government, 1 c. History, 2 a. Capital
city, 800, 1 be.
BoJcoi, tree, VII. 110, 1 c.
BOL, Ferdinand, Dutch painter, II. 800.
BOLAN PASS [bo-Ian ], Beloochistan, III. 5 (ill.).
River, 1 c.
BO LAS, South American weapon, III. 5.
BOLBEC, town of France, III. 5.
Boldon Book, survey of Durham, Eng., VI.
198, 2 b.
BOLE, mineral, III. 5.
Bole rium Promonto rium : see LAND S END.
Bole ti, fungi, colors of, VII. 529, 1 c; 531,
2b.
Bole tm edu lis, fungus, VII. 530, 1 c (ill., 531).
BOLEYN, Anne : sec ANNE BOLEYN.
BOLGRAD , town of Roumania, III. 6.
Bolides [bo -le-deez] : see Bolls (Index).
BOLINGBROKE, Henry St. John, viscount [bor
ing-brook], English statesman and author,
III. 6.
BOLINTINEANO, Demeter [bo-lin-te-na-a -no],
Roumanian poet, III. 6.
Bo lis, meteoric fire ball, XL 429, 2 c.
BOL IVAR, county, III. 7.
Bolivar, county seats, VIII. 452, 1 a; XIII.
680, 1 a.
BOLIVAR Y PONTE, Simon [Sp. bo-le -var e pone -
ta], liberator of Colombia, III. 7. Self-pro
claimed dictator at Caracas, 2 b. Command
er-in-chief of Venezuela and New Granada,
8, 1 b. Chief executive of Venezuela, 2 ab.
President of Colombia, 9, 1 ab. Dictator of
Peru, 1 c. Perpetual protector of Bolivia,
2 a. Reflected president of Colombia, 2 b.
Compelled to resign, 10, 1 a. His charac
ter, ib.
BOLIV IA, republic of South America, III. 10.
Map, 11. Bolivian Indians, 10, 2 a. Coast,
12, 1 a. Surface, 1 c. Lakes, 2 c. Rivers,
13, 1 b. Geology, 2 a. Minerals, 2 b. Cli
mate and diseases, 14, 1 a. Productions,
1 b. Fauna, 2 b. Intercommunication, 1 c.
Manufactures, 15, 1 b. Commerce, ib. Gov
ernment, 1 c. Finances, 2 a. Education
and religion, 2 b. History, ib.
BOLKIIOV , town of Russia, III. 16.
BOL LAN, William, English lawyer, III. 16.
BOLLAND, John, learned Jesuit, III. 16. Ori
ginator of the Acta Sanctorum, 2 be.
Bollandists, III. 16, 2 c; I. 74, 1 c.
Bollan dus : see BOLLAND.
BOLLINGER [bol -lin-jer], county, III. 17.
BOLLULOS DEL CONDADO [bo-lyoo -loce tha,\\
kone-ZM -^o], town of Spain, III. 17.
BOLLMANN, Eric [buT-man], German physician
and politician, III. 17.
Boll worm [bole] : see COTTON WORM, V. 420,
1 c, and MAIZE, XL 45, 1 b.
BOLOGNA [bo-lo -nya], province of Italy, ITT.
17. Capital city, 2 b. Leaning towers, 2 c
(ill., 18). University, 18, 2 a; VI. 412, 2 c;
XVI. 210, 1 c. Fountain, III. 17, 2 c ; 19, 2 b.
History, 19, 1 c. Campo santo, IV. 187, 2 c.
BOLOGNA, Giovanni da, Italian sculptor and
architect, III. 19.
Bologna phials, I. 532, 1 b and c.
Bologna phosphorescing stone, II. 312, 2 c ; III.
17, 2 b.
Bolognese school of painting : see CARRACCI.
Bolognetti palace [bo-lo-nyet -te], Rome, VII.
305, 1 a.
BOLONCIIEN [bo-lone-chain ], village of Yuca
tan, III. 19.
Bolonia: see BOULOGNE, III. 153, 2 a.
BOLOR TAGII [bo-lor tag], mountains of central
Asia, III. 19.
Bolscc, an opponent of Calvin, III. 634, 2 c.
BOLSENA [bole-sa -na], town of Italy, III. 20
(ill.). Lake of, 1 b.
Bohhoi, name of a Russian bell, II. 496, 1 a ;
ill., 497.
Bolson de Mapimi [bole-sone 7 da ma-pe -me],
plain in Mexico, IV. 725, 1 b.
Bolsward [bol -swart] : see BOLSWERT.
112
BOLSWERT
BONAPARTE
BOLSWERT, Boetins Adam [bol -swairt], Dutch
engraver, III. 20. Scheltius, engraver, 1 c.
Bolt, in a flour mill, XVI. 588, 1 c.
Bolt, in the foot of the horse, VIII. 82 G, 1 c.
Bolting cloth, XVI. 588, 1 c.
BOLTON [bole -tun], town of England, III. 20.
Bolton-le- Moors : see BOLTON.
Bolt rope, of a sail, XIV. 866, 1 a.
BOLZANO, Bernhard [bole-tsa -no], German phi
losopher and theologian, III. 20.
BOMAESUND [bo -mar-soond], channel, gulf of
Bothnia, III. 20. Fort of, I. 237, 1 b.
Bomb [bum], submarine, employed by Fulton,
VII. 535, 2 b.
Bomba, sobriquet of Ferdinand II. of Naples,
VII. 135, 1 a.
Bombard [bum -bard], mediaeval cannon, I.
785, 1 b (ill.), 2 be; III. 706, 2 ab.
Bombard, or bombardelle, first portable fire
arm, XII. 96, 2 b (ill.).
Bomlardatorc [bom-bar-da- to -ra], sobriquet of
Ferdinand II. of Naples, VII. 135, 1 a.
Bombardier beetle [bum-bar-dcer J, insect, II.
476, 1 ab (ill.).
Bombardment, XV. 26, 2 b.
Bomlax, tree, referred to, VII. 148, 2 c.
BOMBAY , province of British India, III. 20.
Capital city, 22, 1 ab; view, 21. Harbor,
22, 2 a.
Bombay lump, VIII. 633, 2 b.
BOMBEL LI, Raffaello, Bolognese mathematician,
III. 23.
BOMBEBG-, Daniel [bom -bairg], Dutch printer,
III. 23. His editions of the Hebrew Bible,
II. 610, 2 b, c.
Bombet, Alexandre Cesar or L. A. C. [bo ng -ba],
a name assumed by Beyle, II. 601, 2 ab ; IV.
17, 2 a.
Bombus (entomology), II. 457, 1 c. B. terres-
tris, 2 c (ill.). B. muscorum, 458, 1 ab. B.
lapidarius, 458, 1 b.
Bomlyces [bom -be-seez], moths, XI. 867, 2 c.
Bombycil la (ornithology), XVI. 517, 1 c. B.
cedrorum, IV. 166, 1 c.
Bombyl ius cequa lis (entomology), VI. 129, 2 b.
Bombyx (entomology), XI. 868, 1 a ; XV. 43,
1 c. B. mori, XV. 43, 1 c (ills.).
Bomerang : see BOOMERANG.
Bomfim [b6 ns -fee nB/ ], a Portuguese insurrection
ist, I. 343, 2 a.
Bom ford, Col., inventor of the columbiad, I.
790, 2 a.
Bom Jesus [bo ng zha -zoos], chapel of, at Braga,
Portugal, III. 183, 1 ab.
BONA, seaport of Algeria, III. 23 (ill.).
BONA, Giovanni, Roman cardinal, III. 23.
BONA DEA, Roman divinity, III. 23. Festival
of, 2 be.
Bond and mala species, Haeckel s theory of,
VIII. 372, 2 c, and 373. 1 a. See 371/2 c.
BONACCA, island in Honduras bay, III. 23.
Bonacci [bo-nat -che] : see LEONARDO DA PISA.
Bonaccio [bo-nat -cho] : see LEONARDO DA PISA.
BONALD, Louis Gabriel Ambroise, viscount de
[buh-nald], French political writer, III. 24.
Louis Jacques Maurice, cardinal, 1 c.
Bonaire [bo-nair] : see BUEN AYRE.
BO NAPARTE, or Buonaparte [Fr. bo-na-part;
Ital. boo-o-na-par -ta], family of, III. 24.
BONAPARTE, Carlo Maria, father of Napoleon
I., III. 24. Maria Letizia (Madame Lsstitia),
mother of Napoleon I., 25, 1 b. Marie Anne
Elisa Bacciochi, princess of Piombino and
Lucca, and grand duchess of Tuscany, 2 b.
Marie Pauline, Princess Borghese and duch
ess of Guastalla, 2 c. Caroline Marie An-
nonciade, queen of Naples, 26, 1 c.
BONAPARTE, Jerome, king of Westphalia, III.
26. His marriage in Baltimore, 2 c. Sepa
rated from his wife, 27, 1 a. His naval and
military services, 1 b, 2 a, b. Made king
and remarried, 1 c. An exile, 2 b. Re
stored to France, 28, 1 a. Mme. Patterson,
his first wife, 1 ab. Jerome Napoleon, King
Jerome s son by Mme. Patterson, 28, 1 b.
Jerome Napoleon, his son, 1 c. Jerome
Napoleon, second son of King Jerome, 2 a.
Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul (Prince Na
poleon), ib. Mathilde Lsetitia Wilhelmine
(Princess Mathilde), 29. 2 b; V. 792, 1 a.
BONAPARTE, Joseph, king of Naples and of
Spain, III. 29. His services to Napoleon,
30, 1 be. Made king of Naples, 2 a ; of
Spain, 2 b. Expelled, 2 c. In the United
States, 31, 1 ab. His correspondence with
Napoleon, 2 a. Zenaide Charlotte Julie,
2 b ; 35, 1 a, c. Charlotte, 31, 2 b.
BONAPARTE, Louis, king of Holland, III. 31.
His unhappy marriage, 2 c. Made king, ib.
His resistance to Napoleon, 32, 1 a. Com
pelled to abdicate, 1 c. His works, 33, 1 a.
Napoleon Louis, 1 b.
BONAPARTE, Lucien, prince of Canino, III. 33.
Legislator, minister, and diplomatist, 2 b, c.
(See BRUMAIBE.) Self-exiled, 34, 1 ab. His
generosity to Napoleon, 1 c ; to Beranger,
2 ab. His works, 2 b. His wives and daugh
ters, 2 be. Charles Lucien Jules Laurent,
BONAPARTE
BOND
113
prince of Canino and Musignano, naturalist,
35, 1 a. His classification of fishes, IX. 161,
1 a; of mammals, XL 81, 2 b ; of birds, XII.
704, 2 a, 708, 1 c. His "American Ornithol
ogy," III. 35, 1 c, and XVI. 050, 2 b. His
wife, Zenaide, III. 35, 1 a, c ; daughters, 2 a ;
sons, Joseph Lucien Charles Napoleon, Lu-
cien Louis Joseph Napoleon, Napoleon Gre-
goire Jacques Philippe, 2 ah. Louis Lucien,
philologist and chemist, 35, 2 b. His version
of the parable of the sower in 72 dialects, ib.,
and I. 245, 1 b. On the Basque language,
III. 33, 2 c, and II. 367, 2 b. Pierre Napo-
16on (Prince Pierre), III. 35, 2 c. His as
sassination of Victor Noir, 36, 1 b, 53. 2 a;
XII. 473, 2 ab. Antoine, fourth son of Lu
cien, III. 36, 1 c.
BONAPARTE, Napoleon, first emperor of France,
III. 36. His birthplace, I. 224, 2 c (ill.).
His education and early fortunes, III. 36,
2 a, ff. Siege of Toulon, 37, 2 be. Com
mander-in-chief of the army of the interior,
88, 2 a. Marriage with Josephine Beauhar-
nais, 2 ab. Italian campaigns, 38, 2 b, ff.
(see IX. 451, 1 ab). Expedition to Egypt
and Syria, 39, 2 c. First consul of the re
public, 40, 1 c (see BRTJMAIRE). Internal ad
ministration, 2 a, 41, 1 b. Battle of Maren-
go, 40, 2 b. Pacification of Europe, ib. His
treatment of Santo Domingo, 2 c. Consul
for life, 41, 1 a. War with England, 2 a.
Execution of the duke d Enghien, &c., 2 b.
Hade emperor, 2 be. Anointed king of Italy,
2 c. Battle of Austerlitz, 42, 1 b. Confed
eration of the Rhine, 1 c. Occupation of
Berlin, 2 b. Berlin decree, ib. Treaty of
Tilsit, 2 c. Overthrow of the kings of Por
tugal and Spain peninsular war, 43, 1 a, b.
Campaign in Austria, 2 ab. Annexation of
the Papal States, 2 b. His divorce and re
marriage, 2 c. Extent of the French em
pire, 44, 1 a. Reverses in Spain, 1 b. Rus
sian campaign, 1 c. Sixth coalition against
France, 2 c. Campaign of France, 45, 1 c.
Abdication, 2 a. Escape from Elba, 2 ab.
Battle of Waterloo, and second abdication,
2 c (see X. 99, 1 be). Imprisonment at St.
Helena, 46, 1 a. Character and bibliography,
1 b. Napoleon s military system, I. 749, 1 c-
750, 1 a. His management of cavalry, IV.
146, 1 a; 152, 1 a, c. Relations with the
emperor Alexander L, I. 281, 2 a-282, 2 c.
Call of a national ecclesiastical council with
out the sanction of the pope, V. 423, 1 b.
8
Josephine, empress of France, III. 46, 2 a.
Marriage with the marquis de Beauharnais,
ib. Acquaintance and marriage with Bona
parte, 2 c. Crowned empress, 47, 1 b. Di
vorced, ib. Personal traits, and memoirs,
2 c. Maria Louisa, archduchess of Austria,
Napoleon s second wife, 47, 2 a. Her mar
riage, 2 b. Birth of a son, 2 c. Made duchess
of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, ib. Mor
ganatic marriage with Count Albert Adam
von Neipperg, 48, 1 a. Personal traits, and
memoirs, 1 b. Napoleon II. (Napoleon Fran
cois Charles Joseph, duke of Reich stadt),
son of Napoleon I. and Maria Louisa, 48,
1 b.
BONAPARTE, Napoleon III. (Charles Louis Napo
leon), emperor of France, III. 48. Heir of
Napoleon L, 1 c. His revolutionary attempt
at Strasburg, ib. ; at Boulogne, 49, 1 b. Es
cape from Ham, 1 c. Elected president of
the republic, 2 b. Overthrow of the Roman
republic, 2 c. Coup d etat of 1851, 50, 1 c.
Restoration of the empire, 2 b. His marriage,
2 c. Crimean war, ib. Franco-Italian war
against Austria, 51, 1 b. Peace of Villa-
franca, 1 c. Anglo-French war in China,
1 a, 2 b. Relation with the insurgent Con
federate States, 2 c. Mexican expedition,
ib. ; its failure, 52, 1 c, 2 b. Internal oppo
sition, 2 c. Reform measures, 53, 1 b. Un
friendly relations with Prussia, 2 b. W^ar
with Germany, 54, 1 a. Surrender to the
king of Prussia, 2 ab. Imprisonment at
Wilhelmshohe, 2 b. Deposition, 2 c. Resi
dence at Chiselhurst, ib. Bibliography, 55,
1 a. Eugenie Marie de Montijo, empress of
France, 55, 1 a. Her marriage, 1 b. Re
gent, 1 c. Escape from Paris, 2 a. Napo
leon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph, prince im
perial, 2 b.
Bona sa umbel lm (ornithology), VIII. 271, 2 c.
BONAVENTTJ RA, Saint, cardinal, III. 55.
Bonavino, Francesco [bo-na-v5 -no] : see FRAN-
CHI.
Bonavista: see BOA VISTA.
BONCITAMP, Charles Melchior Artus, marquis
de [bo ng -sha ng ], French soldier, III. 56.
BOND, in law, III. 56. Bond with penalty,
chancery relief in case of non-performance
of the condition, IV. 258, 2 be.
BOND, county, III. 56.
BOND, Thomas Eme rson, American physician,
editor, and preacher, III. 56.
BOND, William Cranch, American astronomer,
114
BONDI
BOOK
III. 50; his lunar photographs, XI. 800, 2
be. George Phillips, astronomer, III. 57, 1 a.
BOXDI, Clemente, Italian poet, III. 57.
BONDOO , kingdom of Africa, III. 57. Bon-
doos (ill.), 2 a.
Bonds of attraction, in mineralogy, XI. 584, 1 b.
Bond street, fashionable locality of London, X.
595, 1 c.
BONE, III. 57. Chemical constitution, 58, 1 b.
Microscopical examination, 2 c, ff. (ills., 59).
Ultimate structure, 60, 1 a. Ossification,
1 b ; process of, 1 c. Eeparative power, 61,
1 a. Bones of reptiles, fishes, and birds, 1 b.
(See BIKDS, II. 653, 2 a, and compare III.
666, 2 b ; COMPAEATIVE ANATOMY, V. 173,
1 be.) Complete development of the osseous
system, 1 c.
BONE, Henry, English enamel painter, III. 61.
II. P., enamel painter, 2 be.
BONE Asn, III. 61 ; II. 5, 2 be.
BONE BLACK, III. 62.
BONE CAVES, III. 63. Of Mentone, XI. 395,
2c; ill., 396.
Bone dog, VI. 183, 2 ab.
BONE DUST, III. 63.
Bone earth, for cupels, VIII. 817, 2 be.
Bone filling: see ZINC, XVI. 818, 1 b.
BONE SET, plant, III. 64 (ill.).
BONET , Juan Pablo, Spanish instructor of deaf
and dumb, III. 64. See V. 730, 2 c.
Bon Gaultier, pseudonyme, XI. 211, 1 be.
Boriham [bon -um], county seat, VII. 80, 2 a.
Bongos, canoes, V. 85, 2 a.
BONIIEUR, Rosalie (Rosa), [bun-ur], French
painter, III. 65. Raymond, artist, 1 a. Au-
guste, artist, 1 be. Jules Isidore, sculptor,
1 c. Juliette (Mme. Peyrol), painter, ib.
BONHOMME [bon -um], county, III. 65.
Bon JTomme jRichard [Fr. bu.h num re-shar],
ship of war, IX. 678, 2 e.
BO NI, state of Celebes, III. 65. Town, 2 b.
BON IFACE, name of nine popes, III. 65. Boni
face VIII., his sixth book of decretals, 719,
1 c.
BONIFACE, Saint, apostle of Germany, III. 66.
Boniface, Roman general, I. 155, 1 c ; 156, 1 a;
XVI. 564, 2 a.
Boniface, Joseph Xamer [buh-ne-fas] : see
SAINTINE.
BONIFACIO [bo-ne-fa -cho], Strait of, III. 67.
BONIN, Eduard TVilhelm Ludwig von [bo-
neon ], Prussian general, III. 67. Adolf
von, general, 2 a.
BOXIN ISLANDS, N. Pacific, III. 67 (ill.).
BON INGTON, Richard Parkes, English painter,
III. 67.
BONITO [bo-ne -to], fish, III. 08 (ill.). Plain
bonito, 1 c (ill.).
BONJOUR [bo ng -zhoor], two brothers, founders
of a sect in France, III. 68.
BONN [bun], city of Prussia, III. 68. Univer
sity of, 69, 1 a (ill.).
Bonna, ancient name of Bonn, III. 69, 2 a.
Bonnacks : see BANNACKS.
BONNER, Edmund, English bishop. III. 69.
BONNER, Robert, American journalist, III. 70.
BONNET, Charles [bun-na], Swiss naturalist,
III. 70.
Bonnet, Mysian and Phrygian, VIII. 509, 2 b.
BONNEVAL. Claude Alexandre, count de [bun-
val], pasha of Caramania. III. 70. Referred
to, IV. 48, 2 a.
BONNEVILLE, Benjamin L. E. [bon -vil], Ameri
can soldier, III. 71. (Died 1878.)
Bonnevoglies [bun-vo-gle] : see GALLEY, VII.
577, 1 c.
BONNIVARD, Francois de [bun-ne-var], French
writer and politician (prisoner of Chillon),
III. 71.
BON NYCASTLE, John, English mathematician,
III. 71. Charles, mathematician, 2 b.
BONNY RIVER. Africa, III. 71.
BOXO MI, Giuseppe, Italian architect, III. 71.
Joseph, English archaeologist and author, 2 c.
BONONCINI, Giovanni Battista [bo-non-che -ne],
Italian composer. III. 72. Rivalry with
Handel, &., and VIII. 437, 2 c.
Bono nia, ancient town, III. 17. 2 b; 19, 2 c.
"Bononia docet," motto on Bolognese coins,
18, 2 ab.
Bonpas [bo ng -pa], town of France, III. 270, 2 c.
BONPLAND, Aime [b6 ng -pla rg ], French traveller
and naturalist, III. 72. His detention by
Dr. Francia, 1 c, and VII. 416, 1 c.
BON STETTEN, Charles Victor de, Swiss author,
III. 72.
Bontob rica, ancient town, III. 87, 2 be.
BONVICINO, Alessandro [bon-ve-che -no], Ital
ian painter, III. 72.
Bony pike, fish, VII. 621, 2 c.
BONZES, Buddhist priests, III. 72; IX. 539,
1 b ; XIII. 832, 1 c. Japanese bonzes (ill.),
I III. 72.
BOOBY, bird, III. 73 (ill.).
BOODROOM : see HALICARNASSUS.
BOOK, III. 73. Origin of the word, ib., and II.
373, 2 a. The most ancient books extant,
III. 73, 2 c. Ancient books and writing mate-
BOOKBINDING
BORDEN S
115
rials (ill.)} H ; price of, 2 a-b. Palimpsest,
75, 1 a. Manufacture of a book, 75, 2 b;
size of page, folio, &c., 2 c, 78, 1 b. Earli
est publishers in the United States, 70, 1 be.
Book business in this country, 2 a, ff.
BOOK BIXDIXG, III. 77. Processes of binding,
78, 1 a. Folding machine, 1 c (ill.). Book-
sewing machine, 2 c (ill.).
Book of Common Prayer : see COMMON PRAYER,
Book of (Index).
"Book of Concord," X. 731, 1 c.
"Book of Heroes r (Heldenbucli), VII. 763, 2 b.
"Book of Josipon," IX. 689, 2 b.
BOOK KEEPING, III. 80.
Book of Kelts, Irish manuscript, XL 131, 2 c.
Books, bundles of raw silk, XV. 42, 1 a.
Booksellers Retreat, I. 10, 1 b (ABBOTS-LAXG-
LEY).
Book trade of Leipsic, X. 329, 2 a,
Bool [bo-ole ] : see BOHOL.
BOOLAK , town of Egypt, III. 81. Museum of,
XI. 166, 1 a.
Boole, George, English logician, X. 581, 2 c ;
582, 2 a and b ; 583, 2 a.
BOOLUXDSIIAIIUR [boo-lund-shaw -er], district
of Hindostan, III. 81. Town, 2 a.
BOOM [borne], town of Belgium, III. 81.
BOO MERAXG, Australian missile, III. 81 (ill.);
II. 132, 1 b ; IX. 744, 1 b.
Boon, of flax, VII. 263, 2 c.
BOOXDEE , state of Hindostan, III. 81. Capital,
82, 1 b.
BOOXE, seven counties, III. 82.
Boone, county seat, XVI. 494, 1 b.
BOONE, Daniel, American pioneer, III. 83.
BOOXE, William Jones, American missionary
bishop, III. 83.
Booncsboro, county seat, III. 83, 1 a.
BOOXESBOROUGH, village of Kentucky, III. 84.
Boonetown, New Jersey, III. 84, 2 ab.
Boonemlle: see BOONVILLE.
BOOXTOX, town of New Jersey, III. 84. Boon-
ton iron works, 1 b.
BOONVILLE, city of Missouri, III. 84.
Boomille, county seat, XVI. 463, 2 a.
BOORHAXPOOR , town of British India, III. 84.
BOORO , island, Malay archipelago, III. 85.
Boot: see SHOE, XIV. 873, 1 b.
Boot, instrument of torture, XV. 815, 1 ab.
BOOTAX , territory of India, III. 85. Bootans,
2 a (ill.).
Boote ahs, people of Bootan, III. 85, 2 c (bis).
BOOTES [bo-o -tcez], constellation, III. 86; I.
681, 1 a.
BOOTH, Barton, English actor, III. 86.
BOOTH, Sir Felix, English manufacturer, III. 86.
Boothia Felix named for him, 1 be.
BOOTH, Junius Brutus, English tragedian, III.
86. Edwin, American actor, 2 b. John
Wilkes, actor, assassin of Abraham Lincoln,
2 c, and X. 498, 2 c.
BOOTIIAUK [boot-hawk ], village and pass of
Afghanistan, III. 87.
BOOTH BAY, township of Maine, III. 87.
Bootlierium [bo-o-the -re-um], (zoology), XII.
102, 1 ab.
BOOTHIA FELIX, peninsula, North America, III.
87. See BOOTH, Sir Felix.
BOOTHIA GULF, British America, III. 87.
BOOTOX , island, eastern archipelago, III. 87.
Bopal [bo-pal ] : see BHOPAUL,
BOPP, Franz, German philologist, III. 87. Bopp-
Stiftung, 2 b.
BOPPARD, or Boppart [bup -part], town of Prus
sia, III. 87 (ill.).
BORA, Katharina von, wife of Luther, III. 88 ;
X. 728, 1 a.
Bora (wind), XL 355, 1 a.
BORACIO ACID : see BORIC ACID.
BO RACITE, mineral, III. 88.
BORAGE, plant, III. 88 (ill.).
Bora go : see BORAGE,
Borak, in Mohammedan traditions, X. 45, 1 c
(KORAX).
Borassin em, tribe of palms, XIII. 19, 1 b.
Boras sus, genus of palms, XIII. 19, 1 c. B.
flabclliformis, il. (ill.). B. /Ethiopum, 2 c.
Bo rate of sodium, III. 88, 2 b.
BORAX, III. 88. Prismatic borax, 89, 1 b;
calcined, 2 be ; octahedral, ib. Uses, 2 c.
Borax glass, III. 89, 2 be.
Borax lake, in California, III. 603, 1 c.
Borazite : see BORACITE.
BOR BECK, town of Prussia, III. 90.
Borcette [bor-set], town : see BURTSCHEID.
Bord, system of mining, V. 70, 1 c.
BORDA, Jean Charles, French mathematician,
III. 90. His method of weighing, II. 233, 2 c.
BORDE, Andrew, English physician, III. 90.
BORDEAUX [bor-do], city of France, III. 90.
View-, 91. Grand theatre (ill.), ilt.
BORDEAUX, Dnke of : see CHAMBORD, Count de.
BORDEAUX WIXES : see FRANCE, Wines of, VII.
410, 2 a; 411, 1 b.
BORDELAIS [bor-diih-la], district of France, III.
92. Wines of, VII. 410, 2 a.
BORDEX, Simeon, American engineer, III. 92.
Borders grass, VIII. 167, 2 c.
116
BORDENTOWN
BOROWLASKI
BORDENTOWN, township of New Jersey, III. 92.
BOEDLEY, John Beale, American agriculturist,
III. 92.
BORDONE, Paride [bor-do -na], Venetian painter,
III. 92.
Bordure, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a. Bordure
compony or gobony, 2 ab ; counter-compony,
ib. ; cbequy, ib. ; wavy, ib. See plate (after
p. 670), on the left.
BORE, of tides, III. 92. Bore of the Amazon,
description of, I. 379, 2 b. See TIDES, XV.
742, 2 a.
Bore adce, children of Boreas, III. 93, 1 a.
BO EEAS, III. 92 (ill.).
Boreas mi, festival of Boreas, III. 93, 1 a.
BOEE COLE, variety of cabbage, III. 93 (ill.).
BOEEL LI, Giovanni Alfonso, Italian mathema
tician and physician, III. 93 ; XL 350, 2 a.
Borer, fish, XII. 122, 1 a.
Borers, insects, VIII. 532, 2 c ; 553, 2 ab ; X.
572, 1 b.
Bore stone, II. 287, 2 c.
BOEGEEHOUT [bor -gher-howt], town of Bel
gium, III. 93.
BOEGET, Auguste [bor-zha], French painter,
III. 93.
BOEGIIESE [bor-ga -za], Italian family, III. 93.
Camillo (Pope Paul V.), 2 b ; XIII. 172,
1 a. Camillo Filippo Ludovico, prince, III.
93, 2 c; 26, 1 a.
BorgJiese gladiator, statue, I. 173, 2 b. Dis
covery of, 573, 1 b.
BOEGIIESI, Bartolommeo [bor-ga -zej, Italian
numismatist, III. 94.
BOEGIII-MAMO, Adelaide [bor -ghe-ma -mo],
Italian singer, III. 94.
BOEGI, Giovanni [bor -je], Roman mechanic,
founder of ragged schools, III. 94.
Borgia, Alfonso [bor -ja], name of Pope Calix-
tus III.. III. 618, 2 b.
BORGIA, Cesare, Italian prelate and soldier, III.
94. His poisoned ring, XIV. 338, 2 a (RING).
Lucrezia, III. 95, 1 a.
Borgia, Eodrigo, name of Pope Alexander VI.,
I. 279, 2 c.
BOEGIA, St. Francis, general of the Jesuits, III.
95.
BOEGIA, Stefano, Italian cardinal and states
man, III. 95.
BORGNE [born], lake, Louisiana, III. 95.
Borgo : see LEONINE CITY.
BORGO, Pozzo di : see Pozzo DI BORGO.
BOEGOGNONE, Jacopo Cortesi [bor-go^nyo -na],
Italian painter, III. 95.
BOEGOMANERO [bor-go-ma-na -ro], town of Pied
mont, III. 95.
BORGOO , two kingdoms of Africa, III. 95.
BO RIC ACID, III. 95.
Boric anhydride, III. 96, 1 a.
BOEIE, Pierre Rose Ursule Dunioiuin [bo-re],
French missionary, III. 97.
BORING, III. 97. Boring machine, 2 a (ill.).
Drills, 98, 2 a (ill.). Tools for boring wood,
98, 2 b (ills.); for metals, 90, 1 c, 98, 2 b
(ills.) ; for glass, 99, 2 c. Rock drills, 99, 2 c
(ills., 100, 101). See BLASTING, II. 697, 1 b;
700, 1 c (ill.).
Boris Godunoff , czar of Russia, V. 789, 2 b ;
XIV. 490, 2 be.
BORISOGLEBSK , town of Russia, III. 101.
BORISOV , town of Russia, III. 101.
BORJESSON, Johan [bor -yes-son], Swedish dram
atist, III. 101.
BOR LACE, Edmund, English historian, III.
101.
BORN, Bertrand de, French troubadour and
warrior, III. 101.
BOE NA, town of Saxony, III. 101.
BOENE, Ludwig [bor -nehj, German author,
III. 101.
BOE NEO, island, Malay archipelago, III. 102.
General description, 1 c, if. Mount Kina-
Btilu, 2 b; view, 103. Minerals, 103, 2 c.
Climate, 104, 1 b. Vegetation, 1 be. Fau
na, 2 a. Territorial divisions, 2 b. Inhabi
tants, 2 c. Foreign acquisitions, 105, 1 b.
BOENHEIM [born -hime], village of Germany,
III. 105. Bornbeimer Heide, 1 c.
BORN HOLM, island of Denmark, III. 105.
BOENOO , country of central Africa, III. 105.
Bornoose, 2 c. Body guard of Bornoose
sultan, 106, 1 a (ill., J05). Borneo language,
referred to, I. 171, 2 a,
Borolo do, temple of, in Java, IX. 576, 1 c (ill.).
BOEODINO [bo-ro-de -no], village of Russia, and
battle at, III. 106.
Boroihme [bo-roim ] : see BRIAN BORTT.
BORON (chemistry), III. 106. Amorphous, 2 a;
crystallized, 2 b. Atomic weight, 107, 1 a;
hardness, 106, 2 c, 107, 1 a.
Boronatrocal cite, mineral, III. 89, 2 a.
BOEOTTGH [bur -o], III. 107. In the United
States and England, 2 b ; XV. 828, 1 c.
Borough, the, London, X. 593, 1 b.
Boroughreeve : see MATOE.
BOEOVITCH I, town of Russia, III. 107.
BOROVSK , town of Russia, III. 107.
Borowlaski, Count, dwarf, VI. 335, 2 b.
BORRICHIA
BOSTON
117
Borriehia fmtes cens [bor-rik -e-a], (botany),
XII. 700, 1 b.
BORROME AN ISLANDS, Italy, III. 107. Isola
Bella (ill.), 108.
BORROMEO, Carlo [bor-ro-ma -o], saint and car
dinal, III. 108. Eeferred to, II. 318, 2 c;
319, 1 a.
BORROMEO, Federigo, archbishop of Milan, III.
108.
Borromeo, St. Charles, Oblates of, XII. 5G5, 1 a.
BORROMEO, St. Charles, Sisterhood of, III. 109.
Borromeo, Vitaliano, count, III. 107, 2 c.
BOBEOMINT, Francesco [bor-ro-me -ne], Italian
architect, III. 109.
BOR ROW, George, English author, III. 109.
Borrowdale, England, graphite mine at, VIII.
105, 1 c.
Borrowing days, XL 151, 1 a (MARCH).
BORSA [bor -sliaw], village of Hungary, III. 109.
Burse [bor -zeh], German exchange, VII. 21,
1 a,
BORSOD [bor -shod], county of Hungary, III. 109.
Bort, impure diamond, VI. 76, 1 c.
Boruslawski, Count [bo-roo-slav -ske], dwarf,
VI. 335, 2 b.
Borussi, ancient inhabitants of Prussia, XIV.
54, 2 a.
BORY DE SAINT VINCENT, Jean Baptiste George
Marie [bo-re duh sa ng va nfr -sa ng ], French natu
ralist, III. 109. See ETHNOLOGY, VI. 754, 1 c.
BORYSTHENES [bo-ris -the-neez]: see DNIEPER.
Borzivoy, duke of Bohemia, V. 620, 1 c.
Bos, Lambert, Dutch philologist, III. 109.
Bos, Hieronymus, Flemish artist, III. 109.
Bos (zoology), XII. 757, 1 b, c. B. primigenius,
2 be; II. 120, 2 a. B. urus, ib. B. bison,
ib. B. bubalus, III. 410, 1 c (ill.). B. Gaffer,
1 c and 2 c (ill., 411). B. ami, 2 b. B. gaums,
411, 1 c. B. Indicus, XVI. 808, 1 ab. B.
Sondaicus, referred to, III. 104, 2 ab ; IX.
575, Ib; XVI. 808, 1 c.
Bo s A, town of Sardinia, III. 110.
BOSBOOM, Johannes [bos -bome], Dutch painter,
III. 110.
Bosc, Louis Augustin Guillaurne, French nat
uralist, III. 110.
BOSCAN (Boscan Almogaver), Juan [boce-kan j,
Spanish poet, III. 110; XV. 220, 2 ab, ff.
BOSCAWEX, Edward [bos -ka-wcn], British ad
miral, III. 110.
Boscn, Ilieronymus de [deh bosk], Dutch phi
lologist, III. 110.
Bosch : see Bos, Hieronymus.
Bosco : see Bos, Hieronymus.
Bos covicn, Ruggiero Giuseppe, Italian nat
ural philosopher, III. 110.
BosJimaili [bosh-ml -le], Turkish name of Bos
nia, III. Ill, 2 b.
Bosio, Angiolina [bo -ze-o], Italian vocalist,
III. 111.
Bosio, Francois Joseph, French sculptor, III.
111.
BOSJESMANS [bos -yes-mans] : see BUSUMEN.
Derivation of the name, I. 109, 1 c.
Bosmana, an old name of Bodmiu, II. 773, 2 b.
Bosna : see BOSNIA.
BOSNA-SERAI [bos-na-sa-rl J, capital of Bosnia,
III. 111.
BOS NIA, province of European Turkey, III.
111. Inhabitants, 112, 1 c (ill.).
Eospor, local name of Kertch, IX. 813, 2 c.
BOS PORUS, Thracian, strait, Turkey, III. 112
(ill., castles of Europe and Asia, 113). Cim
merian, 113, 1 c. Ancient kingdom, ib. Free
navigation of the Bosporus and Dardanelles,
X. 224, 2 a.
Bosporus, ancient city : see KERTCII.
Bospro, a mediaeval name of Kertch, IX. 813, 2 c.
BOSQUE [bos -ka], county, III. 113.
BOSQUET, Pierre Joseph Francois [bus-ka],
French soldier, III. 113.
Bos si, Giuseppe, Italian painter, III. 114.
Bossi, Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio, baron de, Ital
ian poet and diplomatist, III. 114.
Bossi, Luigi, count, Italian historian and archae
ologist, III. 114.
BOS SIER [Fr. bus-se-a], parish of Louisiana,
III. 114.
Bossu, a kind of palm, XIII. 20, 2 a.
BOSSUET, Jacques Benign e [bus-su-a], French
prelate, III. 114. See MEAUX. His friend
ship with Fenelon, VII. 122, 2 ab; contro
versy with him, 123, 1 be. Commissioner
to try Mine. Guyon for heresy, 1 ab.
BOSSUT, Charles [bus-sii], French mathema
tician, III. 115.
BOSTAN , town of Asiatic Turkey, III. 115.
BOS TOX, game, III. 110.
BOSTON, capital of Massachusetts, III. 110.
View from the harbor, 117. Growth and
population, 117, 1 b. Divisions, 2 b. Faneuil
hall, 118, 2 b (ill.). State house, 119, 1 a
(ill.). " Old elm," 120, 2 b. Commerce, 121,
1 a. Ice trade, 2 b. Government, 122, 2 a,
Water supply, 2 c. Benevolent institutions,
123, 2 b. Schools, 124, 1 b. Public library,
125, 1 a. Associations, 1 c. The press, 2 c.
Churches, ib. History, 126, 2 a. Origin of
118
BOSTON
BOTTLE
the name, 129, 2 a. Fire in 1872, 128, 2 a;
V. 238, 1 ab.
BOSTON, seaport of England, III. 128. St. Bo-
tolph s church, 2 c (ill., 129). Cotton chapel
(ill.), 129. See COTTON, John, V. 411, 1 ab.
BOSTON, Thomas, Scottish clergyman, III. 129.
Boston marrow, plant, XV. 293, 2 c.
Boston massacre, XVI. 155, 1 be ; I. 85, 2 ab,
108, 2 b; II. 98, 1 c; VIII. 435, 1 b; XIV.
154, 1 a.
Boston Neics Letter, first stable American news
paper, I. 138, 1 b; XII. 342, 1 b.
Boston Patriot, political newspaper, I. 95, 1 c.
Boston port Mil, closing the port to all com
merce, XVI. 155, 2 a. Treatment of this act
by other colonial ports, III. 127, 2 c.
Boston tea party, IX. 94, 1 b; XVI. 155, 1 c.
The tory governor s opinion of their act,
III. 127, 2 c. Retaliation of the imperial
government, ib., and XVI. 155, 2 a.
BOSTRA : see BOZEAH.
BOSWELL, James, biographer of Dr, Johnson,
III. 129 ; IX. 666, 2 c. Sir Alexander, III.
130, 1 c. James (2d), 2 a.
Boswel lia serra ta (botany), VII. 431, 2 b (ill.).
BOSWORTH, town of England, III. 130. Bos-
worth field, and monument (ill.), 2 b. Bat
tle of, ib., and XIV. 315, 2 a.
BOSWORTH, Joseph, D. D., English philologist,
III. 130. (Died 1876.)
Botal, foramen of, foetal, III. 131, 1 b.
BOTAI/LI, Leonardo, Piedmontese physician,
III. 131.
Botanical dynasty, of the Jussieus, IX. 724, 1 c.
BOTANY, III. 131. History, 2 a. Classification
of plants, 133, 1 b. Linnroan system, 2 a.
Jussieu s, and modification of it, 134, 1 b.
Endlicher s, 135, 1 a. Hooker and Bentham s
Genera Plantarum, 2 ab. Physiological and
anatomical botany, ?5. Writers on botany,
2 b, ff.
BOTANY, parish of New South Wales, III. 138.
BOTANY BAY, New South Wales, III. 138.
Botany Bay Tcino, tree, VI. 768, 2 a.
Botany Bay resin, VIII. 171, 2 b.
Botargo, preparation of fish roes, II. 673, 2 c.
Botau rm stella ris (ornithology), II. 670, 1 c
(ill.). B. lentiginosus, 2 a.
Botero [bo-ta -ro], on political economy, XIII.
665, 2 c.
Botcs, synonyme of estovers, VI. 742, 1 c.
BOTETOURT [bot -e-turt], county, III. 138.
BOTETOURT, Norborne Berkeley, baron, English
statesman, III. 138.
Botfly, III. 141, 2 b (ill.) ; XIV. 839, 2 ab.
BOTH, Jan [bote], Dutch painter, III. 138. An
dreas, painter, 2 b.
BOTHNIA, gulf, Baltic sea, III. 138; II. 251, 2 a.
Bothrioceph alus la tus (entozoa), VI. 666, 1 c
(ill.).
BOTH WELL, village of Scotland, III. 139. Both-
well bridge, battle of, 1 b. Bothwell castle,
1 c (ill.). Manse of Bothwell, ib.
BOTHWELL, James Hepburn, earl of, third hus
band of Mary, queen of Scots, III. 139 ; XI.
234, 1 c.
BOTOCUDOS [bo-to-koo -doce], tribe of Brazilian
Indians, III. 140 (ill.).
Botolph, St., church of, III. 128, 2 c (ill, 129):
see COTTON, John. Priory of, V. 43, 1 b (ill.).
BOTOSHAN , city of Roumania, III. 141.
Botryodac tyla gran dis, echinoderm, XIV. 728,
2 a.
Bot ryolite, mineral, X. 479, 2 a.
Botry tis Bassiana, epiphyte, VI. 690, 1 a; XII.
65, 2 ab ; XV. 45, 1 a. B. infestans, VI. 687,
2 c; VII. 531, 2 ab, 532, 1 c. (Compare
XIII. 771, 2 b.)
BOTS (entomology), III. 141. Bot fly (ill.), 2 b.
BOT TA, Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo, Italian his
torian, III. 141. Paul mile, Erench archa3-
ologist, 142, 1 c.
BOTTA, Vincenzo, Italian scholar, III. 142.
Anne Charlotte Lynch, American poetess,
2b.
BOTTARI, Giovanni Gaetano [bot-ta -re], Italian
prelate, III. 142.
Bottcher [bot - c her] : see BOTTGER, Johann
Eriedrich.
BOTTESINI, Antonio [bot-ta-ze -ne], Italian com
poser, III. 142.
BOTTGER, Adolf [bot -gher], German poet, III.
143.
BOTTGER, Johann Friedrich, Saxon alchemist,
III. 143. His invention of porcelain, 1 be ;
XIII. 784, 2 b.
Bottger, E., his process for platinizing glass,
XL 633, 2 a.
BOTTICELLI, Sandro [bot-te-chel -le], Italian
painter, III. 143.
Bottiger [bot -te-gher], alchemist : see BOTT
GER, Johann Friedrich.
BOTTIGER, Karl August, German arch zoologist,
III. 143. Karl Wilhelm, historian, 2 ab.
BOTTIGER, Karl Vilh elm, Swedish poet, III. 143.
BOTTLE, III. 143. Skin bottles, 2 c (ill.).
Egyptian bottles, 144, 1 b (ill.). Glass bot
tles, 1 c. Mould bottles, 2 a (ill.). Marver,
BOTTLE
BOUNTY
110
2 b (ill.). Punty, 2 c (ill.). Finishing bench,
145, 1 a (ill.). Finishing tools, 1 b (ill.).
Rickets s patent, 1 be.
Bottle grass, XI. 556, 1 c.
Bottle-head dolphin, VI. 193, 1 a.
Bottle-holder, in the prize ring, XIV. 73, 2 be ;
74, 1 ab.
Bottle imp, or Cartesian diver, IX. 120, 1 ab.
Bottle-nosed dolphin, VI. 192, 2 a (ill.).
BOTTLE TREE, III. 145 (ill.).
Bottom fishing, I. 498, 2 a.
BOTTOMRY, in maritime law, III. 145.
BOTTS, John Minor, American politician, III.
146.
Botushani [bo-too-sha -ne] : see BOTOSHAN.
BOT ZARIS : see BOZZARIS.
BOT ZEN, town of Tyrol, III. 146 (ill.).
BOUCHARDON, Edme [boo-shar-do ng j, French
sculptor, III. 146.
BOUCHER, Frangois [boo-shfij, French painter,
III. 146.
BOUCHER, Jonathan [bow -cher], English cler
gyman, III. 147.
BOUCHER, Pierre [boo-sha], Canadian pioneer,
III. 147.
BOUCHER DE CREVECCEUR DE PERTHES, Jacques
[duh kraiv-kur duh pairt], French archae
ologist and author, III. 147.
BOUCHES-DU-RIIONE [boosh-dii -rone], depart
ment of France, III. 147.
BOUCICAULT, Dion [boo -se-ko], British drama
tist and actor, III. 147.
Boudice a : see BOADICEA.
BOUDINOT, Elias [boo -de-not], American pa
triot, III. 148.
BotiET-WiLLAUMEz, Louis Edouard, count de
[bwa-ve-lyo-ma], French naval officer, III.
148.
BOUFARIK [boo-fa-reek ], town of Algeria, III.
148.
BOUFFE, Marie [boo-fa], French comedian, III.
148.
BOUFLERS, Louis Francois, marquis and duke
de [boo-flair], French soldier, III. 148.
BOUFLERS, Stanislas, marquis de, French author,
III. 149.
BOUFLERS-ROUVREL, Marie Charlotte Hippo-
lyte, countess de, III. 149. Countess Amelie
de Bouflers, 1 b.
BOUGAINVILLE, Louis Antoine de [boo-ga ng -
veel], French soldier and navigator, III. 149.
BOUGHTON, George II. [bow -tun], American
painter, III. 149.
BOUGIAH [boo -je-a], town of Algeria, III. 150.
Bougie [boo-zhe] : see BOUGIAH.
BOUGUER, Pierre [boo-gair], French physicist,
III. 150; VI. 356, 2 a.
BOUGUEREAU, Guillaume Adolphe [boo-gro],
French painter, III. 150.
BOUILLE, Francois Claude Amour, marquis de
[dull boo-yaj, French general, III. 150.
BOUILLET, Marie Nicolas [boo-ya], French met
aphysician and encyclopaedist, III. 150.
BOUILLIER, Francisque [boo-ya], French phi
losopher, III. 151.
BOUILLON [boo-yo ng ], town of Belgium, III. 151
(ill.). Dukes of, 1 c. Prince of, 2 a. Mort
gaged to the bishop of Liege, 1 c, 2 b.
BOUILLON, Godfrey de, the hero of the first
crusade, III. 151. Baldwin L, king of Jeru
salem, 152, 1 ab ; II. 238, 1 c.
BOUILLON, Henri de la Tour d Auvergne, duke
de, III. 152. Frederic Maurice de la Tour
d Auvergne, duke de, 1 c.
BOUILLY, Jean Nicolas [boo-ye], French drama
tist and novelist, III. 152.
BOULAINVILLIERS, Henri, count de [boo-la ng -ve-
ya], French historian, III. 152.
Boulak : see BOOLAK.
Boulard [boo-lar], bibliomaniac, II. 622, 1 c.
BOULDER [bole -der], county, III. 152.
Boulder City, county seat, III. 152, 2 b.
BOULDERS : see BOWLDERS.
BOULE, Theodore [boo-la], French publisher,
III. 152.
Boule [boo -le], senate of ancient Athens, II.
55, 1 a. Legislature of modern Greece,
VIII. 205, 2 ab.
Bouleuterion, Delphian council house, V. 785,
2b.
Boulevards of Paris [Fr. bool-var], XIII. 79,
1 c, ff.
BOULLONGNE, Louis [boo-lo^ny 1 ], French paint
er, III. 152. Bon, painter, 153, 1 a. Louis
de, painter, ib. Genevieve and Madeleine,
painters, 2 a.
BOULOGNE-SUR-MER [boo-lony -sur-mair], town
of France, III. 153 (ill.). Boulogne-sur-
Seine [-stir-sain], village, 154, 1 ab. Bois de
Boulogne, 1 b.
BOULTER, Hugh [bole -ter], English prelate, III.
154.
BOULTON, Matthew, English mechanician, III.
154.
Bou MAZA [boo ma/-za], Arab chief, III. 154.
Bouncing Bet, plant, XV. 138, 2 a.
Bounty, mutiny of the crew of the, II. 712,
1 a ; XIII. 546, 1 c.
120
BOUQUET
BOUWERY
Bouquet-green, plant, X. 744, 2 c.
Bouquetin [book-ta ng ], Swiss name of the ibex,
IX. 142, 2 c.
Bouquet of wine [boo-ka], XVI. 66G, 2 c.
BOUEBAKI, Charles Denis Sauter [boor-ba -ke],
French soldier, III. 154.
BOURBON [bur -bun], two counties, III. 155.
BOURBON [boor-bo ng ], island : see REUNION.
BOURBON, French ducal and royal family, III.
155. Ducal family, 2 ab. Louis II., 2 b.
Jean I., 2 c. Charles L, count of Clermont,
2 c. Jean II., 156, 1 a. Charles, constable
de Bourbon, 1 ab. Royal dynasties of Bour
bon : France, 156, 1 c ; Spain, 2 c ; Naples,
ib. ; Parma, 157, 1 a.
BOURBON, Louis Henri, duke of, III. 157.
BOURBON, Louis Henri Joseph, duke of, prince
of Conde, III. 157.
BOURBON-LANCY [boor-bo ng -la ng -se], watering
place of France, III. 157.
BOUEBON-L ARCHAMBAULT [-lar-sha ng -bo], town
of France, III. 157; 155, 2 ab.
BOURBONXAIS [boor-bun-na], province of
France, III. 157.
BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS [boor-bun-la-ba" E ], town
of France, III. 157.
BOURBON-VENDEE : see NAPOLEON- VENDEE.
BOURDALOUE, Louis [boor-da-loo], French prel
ate and pulpit orator, III. 157.
BOURDEILLES [boor-day ] : see BRANTOME, III.
211, 2 c. Andre de, 212, 1 c.
Bourdelot [boord-lo], physician and favorite
of Queen Christina, IV. 548, 2 c.
BOURDIN, Maurice [boor-da ng ], antipope as
Gregory VIII., III. 158.
BOURDON, Louis Pierre Marie [boor-do ng ],
French mathematician, III. 158.
BOURDON, Sebastien, French painter, III. 158.
BOURG [boor], town of France, III. 158.
BOURG, Anne du, French Protestant martyr, I
III. 158.
BOURGADE, Francois [boor-gad], French priest
and orientalist, III. 158.
BOURGELAT, Claude [boorzh-la], French vet
erinary surgeon, III. 158. School estab
lished by him, ib., and I. 298, 1 a.
Bourg-cn-Brcsse [boor-ga ng -bress] : see BOURG.
BOURGEOIS, Anicet : see ANICET-BOURGEOIS.
BOURGEOIS, Dominique Francois [boor-zhwa],
French inventor, III. 158.
BOURGES [boorzh], town of France, III. 159.
Cathedral of St. fitienne, 1 c (ill.). Prag
matic sanction of Bourges, 2 a.
Bourges, counts of, II. 581, 1 c.
Bourgogne [boor-gony ] : see BURGUNDY.
Bourguignon [boor-ghe-nyo ng ], his manufactory
of gems, VII. 665, 2 a.
BOURIGNON, Antoinette [boo-re-nyo ng ], French
fanatic, III. 159.
BOURMONT, Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne,
count de [duh boor-md ng ], French soldier,
III. 159. Expedition to Algeria, I 306, 1 c.
BOURNE, Hugh [boom], English clergyman,
III. 160.
BOURNE, Vincent, English poet, IK. 160.
Bouro : see BOORO.
BOURRIENNE, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de [boor-
re-en], private secretary of Napoleon, III.
160.
BOURRIT, Marc Theodore [boor-re], Swiss artist
and author, III. 160.
BOURSAULT, Edme [boor-so], French author,
III. 161.
Bourse [boors], stock exchange, VII. 21, 1 a;
of Antwerp, 2 a. See STOCK EXCHANGE,
XV. 388, 2 be.
BOUSSINGAULT, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieu-
donne [boo-sa ng -go |, French chemist, III.
161. Experiments on fattening of animals,
I. 119, 1 c, 2 a; in feeding fowls, 316, 1 ab.
His devotion to agricultural chemistry, I.
200, 1 a. Ascent of Chiinborazo, IV. 437,
1 a.
Bomsingaul tia (botany), XIII. 509, 1 b.
Boustrophe don, ancient mode of writing, VIII.
735, 2 c ; XVI. 740, 1 a.
Boutefeux[boot-f%h], incendiaries, VII. 210, 2 a.
Bouteiller, Sophie de [boo-ta-ya], Madame De-
saulx : see BROWNE, Henriette.
BOUTERWEK, Friedrich [boo -ter-vek], German
metaphysician and fiestheticist, III. 161.
BOUTEVILLE, Francois de Montmorency, sei
gneur de [duh boot-veel], French duellist,
in. i6i.
Bouts rimes [boo re-ma], blank sonnets, XV.
164, 2 a.
BOUT WELL, George Sewall, American states
man, III. 162.
BOUVART, Alexis [boo-var], Swiss astronomer,
III. 162.
BOUVET, Joachim [boo-va], French Jesuit mis
sionary, III. 162.
BOUVIER, John [boo-veer ; Fr. boo-vya], Amer
ican jurist, III. 162. Hannah M., astronom
ical writer, 2 c.
Boumnes [boo-veen] : see BOVINES.
Bouwery, the dominie s, farm in New York,
II. 780, 1 c.
BOVES
BOYLE
121
BOVES, Jose Toraas [bo -vace], Spanish Amer
ican military adventurer, III. 162.
Bovcy coal, III. 344, 1 b.
BOVINES [bo-veen], village of France, and bat
tles at, III. 103.
BOVINO [bo-ve -no], town of Italy, III. 103.
Bovinum : see Bo VINO.
Bovista gigantca, fungus, I. 510, 2 c.
Bow : see ARCHERY.
Bow and Arrow castle, XIII. 730, 1 c.
Bow bells, London, X. 598, 1 c.
BOW DICII, Thomas Edward, English traveller,
III. 103.
BOWDITCII, Nathaniel, American mathemati
cian, III. 103. His " Navigator " and " Use
ful Tables," X. 578, 1 b;
BOWDOIN, James [bo -dwin], governor of Mas
sachusetts, III. 104. James, benefactor of
Bowdoin college, 1 b.
BOWDOIN COLLEGE, III. 104.
BOWEN, Francis [bo -en], American author, III.
105. His treatise on logic, X. 582, 1 b. On
the English school of political economy,
XIII. 677, 1 c.
BOW EK BIRD, III. 105. Satin bovver bird, 2 c
(ill., 160). Green satin bird, 100, 2 a. Spot
ted bower bird, 2 b. Great bower bird, 2 be.
Bowery, the, in New York, origin of name,
XV. 433, 2 c.
Bow/in [bo -fin], fish, XII. 26, 1 a.
BOWIE [boo -e], county, III. 106.
Bowie, Colonel, I. 230, 2 a (ALAMO).
Bowlder clay, VI. Ill, 2 be and c.
BOWL DERS, III. 107. See DILUVIUM, VI. Ill, 1 c.
Bowler, in the game of cricket, V. 482, 2 ab.
BOWLES, Caroline [boalz] : see SOUTIIEY, XV.
201, 1 b.
BOWLES, Samuel, American journalist, III. 107.
(Died 1878.)
BOWLES, William Augustus, American adven
turer, III. 107.
BOWLES, William Lisle, English poet, III. 107.
Bowline [bo -lin] : see Snip, XIV. 805, 2 b.
BOWLING [bo -ling], game, III. 108. Ancient
game of bowls, 1 b; bowling green, ib.
Modern game of tenpins, 2 a.
Bowling crease, in the game of cricket, V. 482,
1 b (diagram).
BOWLING GREEN, town of Kentucky, III. 108.
Bowling Green, county seats, IV. 14, 2 b ; 651,
1 c; XIII. 512, 1 b.
Bowling Green, ornamental park in New York,
III. 168, 1 c. Origin of the name, ib.
Bowls, game of : see BOWLING.
BOWMAN, Thomas, D. D. [bo -man], American
clergyman, III. 109.
BOWRING, Sir John [bow -ring], English states
man and author, III. 109. His acquaintance
with Jeremy Benthain, II. 538, 1 a, c, 2 a.
Bowsprit [bo -sprit] : sec SHIP, XIV. 805, 1 c.
Bowsprit shrouds, 2 a.
BOWYER, William [bo -yer], English printer
and scholar, III. 109.
Box, tree, III. 109 (ill.). Leaves and fruit (ill.),
170. Dwarf box, 109, 2 c. Box wood, ib.
Majorca box, 170, 1 b. Medical use, 1 c.
Boxberry, plant, XVI. 674, 2 ab.
Box ELDER, county, III. 170.
Box elder, tree, XL 141, 1 a.
Boxiana, records of the prize ring, I. 448, 2 c ;
book, XIII. 77, 1 a.
BOXING : see PUGILISM.
Box wood: see Box, III. 169, 2 c.
BOYACA [bo-ya-ka J, state of Colombia, III. 170.
Town, 2 c.
BOYAR, or Boiar fbo-yar ]. Slavic title, III. 170.
Treatment of the boyars by the czar Alexis,
I. 293, 2 c.
Boyaux [bwa-yo]: see SIEGE, XV. 29, 1 be.
BOYCE, Hector : see BOETIIIUS, II. 778.
BOYCE, William, English composer, III. 171.
BOYD, county, III. 171.
BOYD, Andrew Kennedy Hutchison, D. D.,
Scottish author, III. 171.
BOYD, John Parker, American soldier, III. 171.
BOYD, Mark Alexander, Scottish scholar and
soldier, III. 171.
Boyd, Sir Thomas, earl of Arran, I. 763, 2 c.
BOYD, Zachary, Scottish divine, III. 172.
BOY DELL, John, English engraver and print
publisher, III. 172. American edition of his
illustrations of Shakespeare, 1 c.
Boyd ton, county scat, XI. 330, 2 c.
BOY ER, Abel [Fr. bwa-ya], English historian
and lexicographer, III. 172. His French-
English dictionary and grammar, 2 ab.
BOYER, Alexis, baron, French surgeon, III. 172.
Boyer, Christine Eleonore, first wife of Lucien
Bonaparte, III. 34, 2 be.
BOYER, Jean Pierre, president of Ilayti, III.
172 ; VIII. 552, 2 a.
Boyhood and girlhood, period of, I. 180, 2 c.
BOYLE, county, III. 173.
BOYLE, town, &c., of Ireland, IIT. 173. " An
nals of Boyle," 1 b.
Boyle, C. B., his observations on the moon,
XL 800, 1 a.
BOYLE, Richard, earl of Cork, English poli-
122
BOYLE
BRAGA
tician, III. 173. Roger, statesman and au
thor, 2 a. Robert, natural philosopher and
philanthropist, 2 ab. His definition of the
chemical elements, IV. 359, 2 be ; of acids
and alkalies, 2 c. Boyle s and Mariotte s law
(pneumatic), VI. 491, 1 c, and XIII. 628, 2 b.
His benefactions to Harvard and William and
Mary colleges, XVI. 634, 2 c. Charles, earl
of Orrery, III. 174, 1 b. His dispute with
Bentley, II. 540, 2 a. John, earl of Orrery
and of Cork, III. 174, 1 c.
Boyle lectureship, II. 540, 2 a.
BOYLSTON, Zabdiel, American physician, III.
174. Introduces inoculation for smallpox,
2 a; 127, 2 a.
BOYNE, river of Ireland, III. 174. " Boyne of
science," 2 b. Battle of the Boyne, 2 be ;
VI. 264, 1 c.
Soys : see BOYSE.
BOYSE, John, English theologian, III. 174.
Boz, Dickens s early signature, VI. 88, 1 b.
BOZMAN, John Leeds, American historian and
jurist, III. 174.
BOZRAII, ruined city of Syria, III. 175 (ill.) ;
VI. 410, 1 a.
Bozu (bonze), IX. 539, 1 b.
BOZZAR IS, Marco (properly Marcos JBot zaris),
Greek patriot, III. 175. Demetrius, 176, 1 a.
BRA [bra], town of Piedmont, III. 176.
Eraake [bra -keh] : see BRAKE.
BRABANT, Duchy of [bra-banf], III. 176. North
Brabant, province of the Netherlands, 2 a.
South Brabant, 2 b.
Brac ara Augusta, ancient city: see BRAGA.
BRACCIOLINI [brat-cho-le -ne] : see POGGIO.
Brace, in ships, XIV. 685, 2 b.
BRACE, Charles Loring, American clergyman
and author, III. 176.
BRACE, Julia, American blind deaf mute, III.
177.
Brachettone [bra-ket-to -na], nickname, XVI.
408, 1 a.
BracUal plexus [brak -e-al], XII. 232, 2 a.
Bracliinus crep itans [bra-ki -nus], (entomol
ogy), II. 476, 1 a (ill.).
BRACIHOPODA [brak-e-op -o-da], bivalves, III.
177 (ills.). Structure of, V. 201, 1 a; XI.
725, 1 b.
BracUosporigia, fossil sponge, XV. 282, 2 b.
Brachyceph ali, division of mankind, VI. 756, 2 a.
Bracliyo tus Cassi ni (ornithology), XII. 754,
1 b. B. palustris, 2 c.
Brachyrham phus (ornithology), VIII. 310, 1
be. B. marrnoratus, 1 c.
BracJiys tocJirone (cycloid). V. 605, 2 ab.
BracJiyu rus (zoology), XI. 752, 1 a.
BRACKEN, county, III. 178.
BRACK ENRIDGE, Hugh Henry, American judge
and author, III. 178. Henry M., lawyer,
diplomatist, and author, 2 b.
Bracket-plate system, in iron ship building, X.
382, 1 c.
BRACKETT, Edwin E., American sculptor, III.
179. Walter M., painter, 1 a.
BracHey, Viscount: see EGERTON, Thomas.
Bract, floral leaf, XIII. 584, 2 a ; 585, 2 b.
BRACTON, Henry de, chief justice of England,
III. 179. His treatise on English laws and
customs, V. 150, 1 b.
Brad awl, III. 98, 2 b (ill.).
BRADBURN, Samuel, English clergyman, III. 179.
BRADDOCK, Edward, English general, III. 179.
See LEE, Richard Henry, X. 290, 2 b, and
WASHINGTON, George, XVI. 485, 1 a.
BRADDON, Mary Elizabeth, English novelist,
III. 179.
BRADFORD, two counties, III. 179.
BRADFORD, town of England, III. 179. Town
hall, 180, 1 a (ill., 179).
BRADFORD, Alden, American author, III. 180.
BRADFORD, John, English martyr, III. 180.
BRADFORD, William, governor of Plymouth
colony, III. 180.
BRADFORD, William, American printer, III.
180. Andrew, printer, 2 b. Thomas, pub
lisher, 2 be.
BRADFORD, William, American lawyer, III. 180.
BRADFORD, William, American painter, III. 180.
BRADLEY, two counties, III. 181.
BRADLEY, James, English astronomer, III. 181.
BRADSHAW, John, English regicide, III. 181.
BRADSTREET, Anne, American poetess, III. 181.
BRADSTREET, John, English general, III. 181.
BRADSTREET, Simon, governor of Massachu
setts, III. 182.
BRADSTREET, Simon, American clergyman, III.
182.
BRAD WARDIN, Thomas ("the profound doc
tor "), English theologian, III. 182.
BRA DY, James Topham, American lawyer, III.
182.
BRADY, Nicholas, English divine, III. 182.
See TATE, Nahum.
Brad y pus (zoology), XV. 107, 1 be. B. tri-
dactylus, 2 c (ill., 108). B. didactylns,
1 b (ill.)!
BRAG, game at cards, III. 182.
BRAGA [bra -ga], city of Portugal, III. 183.
BRAGANQA
BRANCHING
123
BRAGANQA [bra-gan -sa], town of Portugal, III.
183.
BRAGANQA, House of, I ll. 183.
Braganza : see BRAGANCA.
BRAGG, Braxton, American general, III. 183.
Bragi [bra -ghe], Scandinavian deity, XII. 120,
1 b. Allusion to, VI. 400, 1 a.
BRA IIAM, John, English singer, III. 183. Au
gustus, singer, 184, 1 a.
BRAHE, Tycho de [te -ko deh bra, Dan. bra -
8h], Danish astronomer, III. 184. His sys
tem of astronomy, 2 be ; II. 44, 2 c, ff.
Brahilov [bra-e-lov J : see BEAILA.
BRAHMA [bra -ma], in the Hindoo religion, III.
184; IX. 226, 1 b.
Brahman : see BRAHMA.
Brahmana : see BRAHMA.
Brahmana period, in Indian literature, IX.
222, 2 c.
Brahmanam : see BRAHMA, III. 185, 1 b.
Brdhmanas, IX. 222, 1 c, 2 b ; XVI. 280, 1 b.
Brahmanaspati, Hindoo lord of prayer, IX.
224, 2 c.
Brahman lull, IV. 128, 1 c. See ZEBU.
Brahmanism : see BRAHMA, and IX. 228, 1 c, ff.
Brahmans, Hindoo caste, IX. 206, 2 c ; 213, 2
b and c ; 225, 2 a and c ; 227, 1 a and b ;
230, 2 be ; 231, 1 a and ab. See VIII. 356,
1 a (GYMNOSOPHISTS).
BRAHMAPOO TRA, river of India, III. 185 ; VIII.
730, 1 b.
Brahmapootra fowls, IV. 780, 2 ab ; 783, 1 b.
Brahmin : see BRAHMA.
Urahminism : see Brahmanism (Index).
Brahmo Somdj, religious society of India, IX.
231, 1 b; XI. 647, 1 c.
BRAHMS, Johannes [bramss], German pianist
and composer, III. 185.
Brahooees, people of Beloochistan, II. 510,
2c; IX. 214, 2 be.
Braid, Mr., student of animal magnetism, I.
527, 1 ab.
BRAIDWOOD, Thomas, British teacher of deaf
and dumb, III. 185; V. 731, 2 c, ff.
BRAILA [brl -la], town of Roumania, III. 185.
BRAILLE, Louis [bray ], French teacher of the
blind, III. 186. His system of writing, 2 b,
and II. 720, 1 a (ill.).
BRAIN, III. 186. Brain substance, 1 c. Mem
branes, 187, 2 c. Size, 188, 2 c. Anatomy,
189, 1 b ; medulla oblongata, 1 c ; cerebel
lum, 190, 1 a; cerebral hemispheres, 191,
2 a; blood vessels, 193, 1 b; nerves, 2 b:
see NERVOUS SYSTEM, XII. 234, 2 b (ill.).
The brain during sleep, III. 194, 2 b. In
stinctive propensities, 2 c. Somnambulism,
195, 1 c. Comparison of vertebrate brains,
2 b. Owen s classification, 196, 1 a. Illus
trations: nerve fibres, 187; nerve cells, ib. ;
brain enclosed in the dura mater, 188 ; pro
file view of human brain, 190 ; horizontal
section, 191 ; cerebral hemispheres, il. ; por
tion of right hemisphere, 192 ; brain viewed
from below, 194.
BRAIN, Diseases of the, III. 196. Cerebral
congestion, 1 c. Cerebral anaemia, 197, 2
be. Cerebral haemorrhage, 199, 1 a. In
flammatory affections, 200, 1 b. Structural
lesions, 2 a. Functional disorders, 204, 1 c.
BRAI NARD, Daniel, American surgeon. III. 205.
BRAINARD, John Gardiner Calkins, American
poet, III. 205.
BRAINE-L ALLEUD, or Braine-la-Leude [brain-
la-lud], town of Belgium, III. 205.
BRAINE-LE-COMTE [-luh-ko n? t], town of Bel
gium, III. 205.
BRAINERD, David, American missionary, III.
205.
BRAIN TREE, town of Massachusetts, III. 205.
BRAKE [bra -kCh], town of Germany, III. 205.
Brake, fern, VII. 150, 2 a. Common brake,
2 c (ill.).
BRAKE, for retarding the motion of wheels,
III. 205. Creamer brake, 206, 1 be (ill.).
Westinghouse compressed air brake, 2 a
(ill.). Electric brake, 2 b.
Brake of fire engine, VII. 211, 2 a.
BRAKENBURG, Regner [bra -ken-burg], Dutch
painter, III. 206.
BRA MAII, Joseph, English engineer, III. 206.
His locks, 2 be, and X. 563, 1 be.
Bramali s apparatus for mineral waters, XI.
596, 2 ab.
BRAMANTE D URBINO [bru-man -ta door-be -
no], Italian architect, III. 206.
BRAMBANAN , town of Java, III. 207. Great
temple (ill.).
BRAMBLE, bush, III. 207 (ill.).
Brambling, bird, VII. 190, 2 be (ill., 191).
BRAM IIALL, John, English divine, III. 208.
BRAN, III. 208. Its properties as food, 1 c ;
VIII. 46, 2 a ; XVI. 588, 2 a and b.
Brancadoro, Cardinal, referred to, II. 577, 1 c.
BRANCALEONE, Dandolo [bran-ka-la-o -na], Ital
ian statesman, III. 208.
BRANCH, county, III. 208.
Branches, in siege approaches, XV. 29, 1 be.
Branching coral, V. 340, 1 b (ill.).
BKANCHIOPODA
BRAZIL
BRAXCHIOPODA [brang-ke-op -o-da], (crustacea),
III. 209.
Bran cMpus stagna lis (crustacea), V. 533, 2 ab.
BEANCO, Bio, river of Brazil, III. 209.
Brandamar te, character in the " Orlando In-
namorato," VII. 03, 2 c.
Branda nus, Saint: see BREXDAX.
BRAXDE, William Thomas, English chemist, III.
209. His theory of storms, IX. 80, 2 b.
BRAXDEXBURG [bran -den-boorg], province of
Prussia, III. 209. History, 2 a. Town,
210, 1 a. Origin of the name, ib.
Brandenburg, Fort, I. 210, 2 be (AHAXTA).
Brandenburg gate, in Berlin, II. 563, 2 a.
BEAN DIS, Christian August, German philoso
pher, III. 210.
Brandon, county seat, XIV. 201, 2 c.
BRAXDY, III. 210. French brandies, 1 c, 2 c ;
adulteration and imitations of, 2 ab, and I.
133, 2 c. Strength and grades of French
brandy, III. 210, 2 c. Source of its aroma,
VI. 748, 2 ab.
BRAXDYWIXE CREEK, III. 211. Battle of, ib.,
and X. 95, 2 b.
BRAXECKI, Franciszek Xawery [bra-nets -ke],
Polish statesman, III. 211.
Branibor, castle, III. 210, 1 a.
Branicki, F. X. [bra-nits -ke] : see BRAXECKI.
BRANICKI, Jan Klemens, Polish statesman, III.
211.
Branks: see MUMPS.
Branksome tower, Scotland, VIII. 530, 1 ab.
BEAXT, county of Canada, III. 211.
BE ANT, Joseph, Mohawk chief, III. 211. Prayer
book and Gospel of Mark published by him
in Mohawk, 1 b. Not- a participant in the
massacre of Wyoming, XVI. T53, 2 a. His
son, III. 211, 2 be.
BRAXTFORD, town of Canada, III. 211.
BRAXT GOOSE : see GOOSE, VIII. 107, 1 b (ill.).
BRAXTOME, Pierre Bourdeilles, seigneur de
1 abbaye de [bra ng -tome], French historian,
III. 211. Andre de Bourdeilles, soldier and
diplomatist, 212, 1 c.
BEAOUEZEC, I. E. [bra-wa-zek], French explorer,
III. 212.
BRASCASSAT, Jacques Raymond [bra-kas-sa],
French painter, III. 212.
BrascU, Gianangelo [bras -ke], (Pope Pius VI.),
XIII. 559, 1 c.
Bras defer [bra duh fair], sobriquet of La Noue,
X. 154, 1 b.
Brase niapelta ta (botany), XVI. 508, 1 c (ill.).
BEAS IDAS, Spartan leader, III. 212.
Brasqued crucible [braskt], II. 28, 2 c.
BRASS, III. 213. Composition of various alloys
(table;, 213, 2 be. Brass solder, 214, 1 a,
BEASSEUE DE BOURBOUEG, Charles tienne, ab
be [bras-siir duh boor-boor], French traveller
and archaeologist, III. 214.
BRASSEY, Thomas, English railway contractor,
III. 214. His sons, members of parliament,
2 a.
Brassica (botany), XII. 105, 1 a (ill.). B. alba
and B. nigra, 1 ab. B. oleracea, III. 93,
1 ab ; 523, 1 c. B. oleracea botrytis, IV.
137, 2 ab (ill.). B. campestris, yar. rapa,
XIV. 204, 2 be (ill., 205); var. napa, XVI.
74, 1 c (ill.). B. campestris oleifera, XIV.
205, 1 c.
Brath waite, Mr., his application of steam to
the fire engine, VII. 211, 1 c.
BRATTLE, Thomas, American merchant, III.
214.
BRATTLEBORO, town of Vermont, III. 214.
BEAUX, August Eniil [brown], German archae
ologist, III. 214.
BRAUX, Johann Wilhelm Joseph, German the
ologian, III. 214.
Braunau [brow -now], Bohemia (ill.), II. 784.
BEATJXSBERG [brownss -pairg], town of Prus
sia, III. 215.
Braunschweig [brown -shwi c h], Germany : see
BRUXSWICK.
BRAUWER, Adrian [brow -er], Dutch painter,
III. 215.
BEAVO, Nicolas [bra -vo], Mexican soldier and
statesman, III. 215.
BEAVO MUEILLO, Juan [rnoo-re -lyo], Spanish
statesman, III. 215.
BEAXTOX, county, III. 215.
BEAXTOX, Carter, a signer of the Declaration
of Independence, III. 215.
Braxy, disease of sheep, XII. GO, 2 c.
Bray, voice of the ass, XL 78, 1 a.
BRAY, parish of England, III. 216. Vicar of
Bray, 1 a.
BEAY, Anna Eliza, English authoress, III. 216.
BRAY, Thomas, English clergyman and philan
thropist, III. 216.
Brayera (botany), II. 287, 1 b.
Braying, cry of the buck, VII. 75, 2 a.
Brazen age (archEeology), I. 185, 2 c.
Brazen lull of Phalaris, XIII. 379, 2 c ; re
ferred to, X. 407, 1 b.
Brazen lizard (ill.), IV. 227, 2 a.
BRAZIL , empire of South America, III. 216.
Area and divisions, 2 a. Population, 2 c.
BRAZILETTO
BREGENZER
125
Aborigines, 217, 1 a. Slavery, 2 ab. Coast,
218, 1 ab. Surface, 1 c. Rivers, 219, 2 a.
Lakes, 220, 2 c. Geology, 221, 1 a. Min
erals, 2 a. Fossil remains, 222, 2 c. Cli
mate, 22-), 1 a. Soil and vegetation, 1 be.
Zoology, 225, 1 a. Agriculture, 226, 1 b.
Manufactures, 2 c. Exports, 227, 2 a. In
ternal communication, 228, 1 be. Govern
ment, 229, 1 b. Army and navy, 2 ab. Fi
nances, 2 be. Education, 230, 1 c. Reli
gion, 2 c. History, 231, 1 a. First discov
ery of, VII. 605, 1 b. Literature : see POR
TUGAL, Language and Literature of, XIII.
744, 1 c.
Braziletto wood, III. 232, 2 c.
Brazilian arrowroot, IV. G2, 2 b.
Brazilian breadfruit, III. 224, 1 c.
Brazilian pebbles, XIV. 131, 2 c ; XV. 238, 1 c.
Braziline [braz -e-lin], dye, III. 233, 1 be.
BRAZIL NUT, III. 232 (ill.).
BRAZIL WOOD, III. 232 (ill., 233), and 223, 2 a.
BRAZING, union of metals by hard solder, III.
233.
BRAZO RIA, county, III. 233.
BRAZOS [bras -us ; Sp. bra -soce], river of Texas,
III. 233.
BRAZOS, county, III. 234.
BRAZOS DE SANTIAGO [san-te-a -go], Texan port
of entry, III. 234.
BRAZZA [brat -sa], island of Dalmatia, III. 234.
BREAD: see ALIMENT, I. 316, 2 ab. Graham
bread, VIII. 143, 1 a; XVI. 588, 2 a. New
England brown bread, XIV. 504, 1 c.
Bread and cheese boys, the, XIII. 215, 1 b.
BREADFRUIT, III. 234. Breadfruit tree, 1 b
(ills.).
Break [brake], instrument for retarding mo
tion : see BRAKE. Machine for breaking
hemp, VIII. 632, 2 a.
Breakbone fever, VI. 8, 1 be.
Breakers, in coal mining, V. 67, 2 c..
Breaking, in vocal elements, 1. 502, 2 a ; 503, 1 c.
Breaking of flax, VII. 264, 2 c.
Breaking frame, for wool, XVI. 721, 1 b.
Breaking load, in tests of strength, how mea
sured, XV. 416, 1 a.
Break-joints, in lighthouse building, X. 461, 1 b.
Breakneck, hill on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a.
Breakspear, Nicholas (Pope Adrian IV.), 1. 131,
2 b. His birthplace, 10, 1 b. His visit to
Norway, XII. 510, 2 c.
BREAKWATER, III. 234. Of Cherbourg harbor,
235, 1 b (section, 236) ; at Plymouth, 236,
2 b (section) ; at Dover, 237, 1 c (section) ;
at Portland, 237, 2 a ; of Delaware bay, 238,
1 ab (section) ; on the northern lakes, 239,
1 c. Principle of construction, 2 b. At Al
giers, V. 209, 2 b.
BREAM, fish, III. 239. American bream, 1 c
(ill., 240) ; European breams, 240, 1 c. Carp
bream, 2 a (ill.).
Breant, J/. [bra-a" B ], his discovery of the In
dian process of making steel, V. 653, 1 c.
Breast hooks, in ships, XIV. 8G3, 2 a.
Breast roller, in cotton ginning, X. 630, 1 a.
Breastwork monitors, IX. 386, 2 b.
BREATH : see RESPIRATION.
BREATHITT [breth -it], county, III. 240.
BREBEUF, Jean de [bruh-buf J, Jesuit missionary
in Canada, III. 240.
BREC CIA [Ital. bret -cha], compound rock, III.
240.
BRECHIN [brek -in], royal burgh of Scotland,
III. 241. Round tower, 1 a.
Breck, meaning of, VII. 72, 1 b.
BRECK ENRIDGE, county, III. 241.
BRECKENRIDGE, John, D. D., American clergy
man, III. 241.
BRECKEXRIDGE, John Cabell, American politi
cian and soldier, III. 241. (Died 1875.)
BRECKENRIDGE, Robert Jefferson, D. D., Amer
ican clergyman, III. 241.
BRECKNOCK, county of Wales, III. 242.
BRECKNOCK, borough of Wales, III. 242.
Brec on : see BRECKNOCK.
BREDA [bra -da], town of the Netherlands, III.
242. Declaration of Breda, 2 c. Peace of
Breda, ib. The compromise of Breda, 243,
1 a, and VIII. 818, 2 c.
BREDERODE, Hendrik van, count [bra -deh-ro-
deh], Dutch patriot, III. 242.
Bredewardine : see BRADWARDIX.
BREDOW, Gabriel Gottfried [bra - do], German
historian, III. 243.
Bredwardine: see BRADWARDIN.
BREE, Mathieu Ignace van [bra], Belgian paint
er, III. 243. Philippe Jacques van, painter,
2 c.
Breech-loader: see RIFLE, XIV. 328, 1 a, ff.;
FOWLING PIECE, VII. 357, 2 b.
Breech-loading cannon, I. 792, 1 a, ff., 2 ab, c ;
793, 1 b ; 794, 1 c.
Breech piece, in cannon, I. 793, 1 b.
Breech plug, in cannon, I. 792, 1 a.
BREEDE [bra -deh], river of S. Africa, III. 244.
BREGENZ [bra -ghents], capital of Vornrlberg,
III. 244 (ill.). Lake of, 1 ab.
Bregenzcr Klanse [klow -zeh], pass, III. 244, 1 a.
126
BREGENZER
BRETON
Bregenzer Wald [valt], mountain, III. 244, 1 a.
BREGUET, Abraham Louis [bra-ga], French
watchmaker, III. 244. Louis, physicist, 1 c.
BREHM, Alfred Edmund [braim], German nat
uralist and traveller, III. 244. Christian
Ludwig, ornithologist, 2 a.
Bre hon [Irish, breh -hun], ancient Irish judge,
III. 244, 2 b.
BREHON LAWS, of Ireland, III. 244. Their
spirit, 245, 2 c.
Breidablik [brl -da-blik], in northern mythol
ogy, II. 237, 2 a.
BREIDENBACH, Bernhard von [brl -den-ba k h],
German priest, III. 246.
BREISACH, Alt [alt bri -za*h], town of Germany,
III. 246 (ill.). JS T eu [noi], 247, 1 a.
BREISGAU [brice -gow], old division of Ger
many, III. 247.
BREISLAK, Scipione [brice -lak], Italian geolo
gist, III. 247.
BREITHAUPT, Joachim Justus [brite -howpt],
German clergyman, III. 247.
BREITKOPF, Johann Gottlob Immanuel [brite -
kupf], German painter, III. 247.
Breizad [bra-zad], Celtic language, IV. 177, 1 b.
Breiziz [bra-zeez] : see GAEL, VII. 552, 1 b.
Brellington : see BRIDLINGTON.
BREM EN [Ger. bra -men], free city of Germany,
III. 247. Territory, 2 ab. Statue of Roland,
248, 1 a (ill., 247). Council house, 247, 1 c
(ill., 248). Blcikeller, vault preventing de
composition of the dead, ib. Wine cellar
and casks, 248, 1 a. Lloyd for northern
Germany, 248, 1 be : see LLOYD S, X. 555,
2 be.
Bremen Hue (verditer), II. 757, 1 b.
BREM ER, county, III. 249.
BREMER, Fredrika [bra -mer], Swedish novel
ist, III. 249.
Bremcr Beitrage [bra -mer bi -tra-gheh], Ger
man periodical, VII. 766, 1 be ; XIII. 296, 2 c.
BREMERIIAFEX, or Brernerhaven [bra -iner-ha-
fen], town of Germany, III. 249.
Bremikei^s, logarithmic, tables, X. 578, 2 a.
BREN DAN, Irish saint, III. 249.
BRENDEL, Franz, German writer on music, III.
250.
Brenham, county seat, XVI. 474, 2 b.
BRENNER, mountain of Tyrol, III. 250. Pass, 1 a.
Brennibor, castle, III. 210, 1 a.
BRENNUS, two Gallic warriors, III. 250 ; IV.
176, 2 a: XIV. 404, 1 a.
BRENTA, river of Italy, III. 250.
BRENTAXO, Clemens [bren-ta -no], German
poet and novelist, III. 250. " Mad as a Bren-
tano," proverbial saying, 2 b.
BRENT FORD, town of England, III. 250.
BREXTOX, Edward Pelham, English naval
officer, III. 251.
Brenteoille, county seat, XIII. 844, 2 c.
Brephotrophi a, ancient foundling hospitals,
VII. 347, 1 a. See 346, 2 b (ppefoTpwfiiov).
Brera, the [bra -ra], palace of science and art
in Milan, XL 532, 1 ab, 2 b.
BRESCHET, Gilbert [bra-sha], French physician,
III. 251.
BRESCIA [bra -sha], province of Italy, III. 251.
Capital city, 2 ab (ill.).
BRESLAU [bres -low], city of Prussia, III. 252
(ill.). Town hall (ill.), 253, 1 a.
Breslau, Confession of, VII. 736, 2 b.
BRESSANI, Francesco Giuseppe [bres-sa -ne],
Italian missionary, III. 253,
BRESSANT, Jean Baptiste Prosper [bra-sa ng ],
French actor, III. 253.
BRESSON, Charles, count de [bra-so ng ], French
diplomatist, III. 253.
BREST, town of France, III. 254 (ill.).
BREST LITOV SKI, town of Russia, III. 255.
BRETAGXE [bruh-tany J : see BRITTANY.
Breteuil, De [diih bruh-tiihy ], French minister,
II. 376, 1 c.
BRETHREN, Bohemian : see BOHEMIAN BRETH
REN.
BRETHREN, Plymouth : see PLYMOUTH BRETH
REN.
BRETHREN, White, sect, III. 255.
Brethren of the Bridge, religious and philan
thropic society, III. 270, 2 b: 271, 1 ab.
Brethren of Charity, founded by Rosmini,
XIV. 442, 2 a.
BRETHREN AND CLERKS OF THE COMMON LIFE,
religious order, III. 255; VIII. 263, 1 b;
XV. 140, 1 a. Excellence of their schools,
VI. 413, 1 be.
BRETHREN OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS, III. 255.
BRETHREN OF THE HOLY TRINITY, III. 256.
BRETHREN AND SISTERS OF THE FREE SPIRIT:
see BEGHARDS, II. 478, 2 b. Referred to,
XL 730, 2 b.
Bretigny [bra-te-nye], treaty of, IV. 285, 2 a.
BRETON, Jules Adolphe [briih-to ng j, French
painter, III. 256.
BRETON LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE : see
CELTS, Languages and Literature of the.
Breton peasants (ill.), III. 300.
BRETON DE LOS HERREROS, Manuel [bra-tone
da loce air-ra -roce], Spanish poet, III. 256.
BRETSCHNEIDER
BRIDGEWATER
127
BRETSCHNEIDER, Karl Gottlieb [bret -shni-der],
German theologian, III. 256.
Bretwalda, title of the leading chief of the
Anglo-Saxons, VI. 607, 1 be ; 744, 2 be.
BREUGHEL, Pieter [bruh -ghel], Duteh painter,
III. 256. Pieter the younger, painter, 2 a.
Jan (Velvet Breughel), painter, ib.
BREVARD , county, III. 256.
Brevia, writs (in law), XIII. 606, 2 c.
BRE VIARY, III. 256.
Brevia testata, in feudal law, X. 544, 1 ab.
BREWING, III. 257. Materials, 1 b. Malting,
2 a. Preparation of the wort, 259, 1 a. Fer
menting, 260, 2 b. Clarifying, 262, 1 c.
Adulterations, 2 ab.
BREWSTER, Sir David, Scottish physicist, III.
263. His theory of color, V. 96, 1 c ; 97, 1 a
and b. His experiments relating to fluores
cence, VII. 289, 2 be. His kaleidoscope, IX.
735, 1 b. His observations on the solar spec
trum, X. 441, 1 b. His discoveries in polari
zation, 446, 1 a; 450, 1 c. His stereoscope,
XV. 376, 2 a (ill.).
BREWSTER, William, elder of the Plymouth pil
grims, III. 263.
Brezeliande, forest of, seat of the fairies, VII.
64, 1 b.
BREZNO BANYA [broz -no ban -yaw] : see BRIES.
BBIALMONT, Henri Alexis [bre-al-mo ng j, Belgian
military writer, III. 263.
BRIAN BORU, Irish king, III. 203; IX. 356,
2 be.
BRIANQON [bre-a ^-so""], town of France, III.
264 (ill.).
Brianfonnais [bre-a ng -sun-na], a district of
France, III. 264, 1 c.
BRIAXSK [bre-ansk J, town of Russia, III. 264.
BRIA REUS, in Greek mythology, III. 264.
BRIBERY, in law, III. 264.
BRICK, III. 265. Ancient bricks, 1 b. Dutch,
&c,, 2 1). Brick clay, 2 c ; analyses of, 266,
1 be; preparation of, 1 c. Brick burning,
267, 1 a. Hoffmann s annular brick furnace,
2 a (ill.). Brick machines, 268, 1 a. Color
and size of bricks, 1 b. Floating bricks, 1 c.
Fire brick, 2 ab. Bricklaying, 269, 1 a ; old
English bond method, 1 b (ill.); Flemish
bond, 1 c (ill.). Milwaukee (cream-colored)
brick, 268, 1 be; VIII. 151, 1 ab.
BRIDAIXE, Jacques [bre-dain], French preacher
and missionary, III. 269.
Bride, Saint: see BRIDGET, Saint. St. Bride s
church, London, X. 598, 2 a.
Bride cake, V. 221, 2 c (CONFARREATIOX).
"Brides," in lace making, X. 78, 1 c.
Bridewell, prison in London, X. 611, 2 c.
BRIDGE, III. 270. Bridge of Queen Nitocris at
Babylon, 1 b. Bridges of ancient Rome, 1 c.
Pons Sublicius, 1 c; 272, 2 b. Pons Sena-
torius or Palatinus, 270, 2 ab (ill.). Medie
val bridges, 2 b. Old London bridge, 271,
1 a (ill.). The Rialto, 1 c. Bridge of Pont-y-
Prydd, ib. (ill.) ; of Neuilly, 2 ab (ill.). New
London bridge, 2 c (ill.). Arches of bridges,
272, 1 a. Wooden bridges, 2 b. Schuylkill
bridge, 2 c (ill.). Lattice truss, 273, 1 b.
Long s truss, 2 a. Howe s do., ib. Bridge at
Havre de Grace, 2 b (ill.). Suspension bridges,
1 c. Suspension bridge at Cincinnati, 274, 2 b
(ill.); at Niagara, 2 b, XII. 417, 2 c; be
tween New York and Brooklyn, III. 274, 1 c
(ill., 275). Cast-iron bridges, 274, 2 c.
Washington aqueduct bridge, 275, 1 c (ill.).
Wrought-iron bridges, ib. Britannia bridge,
2 ab (ill.). Viaduct bridge at Louisville,
276, 1 a (ill.). Lattice girder (ills.), ib. Fink s
system, ib. Modified Fink trussed girder (ill.),
2 a. St. Louis bridge, 1 b (ill., 277). Truss
bridge at Rock Island (ill.), ib. Old bridge
at La Vieille Brioude, fall of, 290, 2 b.
BRIDGE, Military, III. 277. Pontoons, 2 be.
Pontoon train, 278, 1 c. Methods of con
struction, 2 a.
BRIDGE, Natural, III. 279. Natural bridge of
Virginia, 1 a (ill.) ; of Walker co., Alabama,
2 c. Natural bridges in California, 280, 1 a.
BRIDG EXD, town of Wales, III. 280.
BEIDGEXORTH, borough of England, III. 280.
BRIDGEPORT, city of Connecticut, III. 280.
Bridges, in a lever watch, IV. 703, 2 c.
Bridge of Sighs, in Venice, XVI. 298, 1 a.
BRIDGET, Saint, of Ireland, III. 280.
Bridget, Saint, of Sweden: see BRIGIDA.
BRIDGET, Sisters of Saint, III. 280.
BRIDGETON, city of New Jersey, III. 281.
BRIDGETOWN, city of Barbadoes, III. 281.
BRIDGEWATER, township of Massachusetts, III.
281. Old Bridgewater, 1 c ; East, 2 a ; North,
2 b ; West, 2 be.
BRIDGEWATER, seaport of England, III. 281.
Bridgewater, battle of, X. 720, 1 a.
BRIDGEWATER, Francis Egerton, duke of, III.
282.
BRIDGEWATER, Francis Henry Egerton, earl of,
III. 282. Originator of the "Bridgewater
Treatises," 1 c.
Bridgewater Treatises, origin of, III. 282, 1 c ;
authors of, 2 a.
128
BKIDGMAN
BRISSOTINS
BEIDGMAX, Laura, American blind deaf mute,
III. 282.
BRIDLIXGTOX, parish of England, III. 283.
Bridlington Quay, 2 a.
BRIDPOBT, seaport of England, III. 283. Brid-
port dagger, origin of the term, 2 be.
BRIE [bre], district of France, III. 283.
BEIEF, III. 284. A writ, 1 a. Pontifical letter,
1 ab (see BULL, Papal). In modern law, 1 b.
BRIEG [breeg], town of Prussia, III. 284.
BRIEL [bred], seaport of Holland, III. 284.
Brielle [Fr. bre-el] : see BRIEL.
BRIEXXE, or Brienne-le-Chateau [bre-en-ltih-
sha-to], town of France, III. 284. Military
college of, 2 b (ill.). Battle of, ib.
Brienne, Gaultier dc, lord of Florence, VII.
277, 2 a.
BEIENZ [bre -ents], Lake of, III. 284. Village,
285, 1 a.
Bri er, plant, XV. 113, 1 be, China brier, 2 a.
Common brier, XIV. 434, 1 b. Yellow brier,
435, 1 c.
BRIER CREEK, Georgia, battle of, III. 285.
Brierwood pipes, XIII. 536, 1 a. See XV. 113,
2-c.
BRIES [breece], town of Hungary, III. 285.
Brig, a vessel, XIV. 855, 1 c. Brig of war, XII.
188, 2 be.
Brigade [bre-gaid ], I. 752, 2 b; XIV. 201, 2 c;
in Germany, IX. 270, 1 b.
Brigantes [bre-gan -teez], ancient tribe of Brit
ain, I. 575, 2 a.
Brigantium, name of two ancient towns : see
BREGEXZ and BEIANQOX.
Brigensis pagus, or saltus, ancient name of
Brie, III. 283, 2 c.
BRIGGS, Charles Frederick, American author
and journalist, III. 285. (Died 1878.)
Briggs, Henry, his system of logarithms, X.
577, 2 b.
BRIGGS, Henry Perronet, English painter, III.
285.
BRIGHAM, Amariah [brig -um], American phy
sician, III. 285.
BrigJiam City, county seat, III. 170, 1 c.
BRIGIIA MIA (botany), III. 285. B. insi^nis, 2 be
(ill.).
Bright, Jacob, advocate of woman suffrage in
the English parliament, XVI. 702, 1 ab.
BRIGHT, Jesse D., American senator, III. 286.
BRIGHT, John, English statesman, III. 286.
Opposition to the foreign conspiracy bill,
1 c. Extension of the elective franchise, ib.
Opponent of woman suffrage, XVI, 702, 1 b.
BRIGHT, Richard, English physician, III. 286.
BRIGHTOX, town of Massachusetts, III. 286.
BEIGIITOX, town of England, III. 280 ; view,
287.
Bright s disease: see ALBUMIXTJKIA ; KIDNEY,
IX. 827, 2 c; and BRIGHT, Richard.
BEIGIDA [brij -e-da], Saint, of Sweden, III. 287.
Her revelations, 2 c.
BEIGITTINS, or Order of our Saviour, III. 288.
Referred to, XI. 730, 2 ab (MOXACHISM).
BRIGXOLES [bre-nyiU], town of France, III. 288.
Briliaspati, Hindoo god of prayer, IX. 224, 2 c.
BRIHUEGA [bre-wa -ga], town of Spain, III. 288.
BRIL, Paul, Flemish painter, III. 288.
Brill, town : see BRIEL.
Brill, fish, XVI. 45, 2 be.
BRILLAT-SAVARIX, Anthelme [bre-yu-sa-va-
ra ng ], French author and magistrate, III. 288 ;
II. 288, 2 c.
Brilliant fire, Chinese, in pyrotechny, XIV.
117, 1 c.
Brimstone, XV. 457, 1 a.
Brimstone wood, X. 307, 2 be.
BRIXDISI [brin -de-ze], seaport of Italy, III. 288.
Castle of, 2 ab (ill., 289).
BRIXDLEY, James, English mechanic and engi
neer, III. 289.
BRIXE, III. 289. Natural, 1 b; XIV. 579, 1 b.
Artificial, III. 289, 1 b; XIII. 823, 2 b.
Purification of, III. 289, 2 c; VI. 72, 2 c.
Brine worm, V. 533, 2 ab.
BRIXK MAXX, Karl Gustaf, Swedish diplomatist
and poet, III. 289.
BRIXVILLIERS, Marie Marguerite d Aubray, mar
chioness de [bra ng -ve-lya], French poisoner,
III. 290.
BRIOX, Luis [bre-oan/], admiral of Colombia,
III. 290; 8, 1 b, 2 ab.
Brion, Simon de [dull bre-6 ns l, (Pope Martin
IV.), XL 208, 1 be.
BRIOUDE [bre-ood], town of France, III. 290.
Fall of the bridge at La Vieille Brioude, 2 b.
BRISACH [Fr. bre-zak] : see BREISACII.
BRIS BAXE, county of New South Wales, III.
290. Town, 2 c.
Brise is [bri-se -is], mistress of Achilles, I. 64,
2b; IV. 561, 1 ab.
Brisgau [briss -gow] : see BREISGAU.
BRISSOX, Mathurin Jacques [bre-so ng ], French
savant, III. 291. His Ornitliologia, XIII.
704, 2 c.
BRISSOT, Jean Pierre [bre-so], French revolu
tionist, III. 291. Brissotins, 1 c.
Brmotins [Fr. bre-so-tu nB ] : see GIRONDISTS.
BRISTED
BRODERIE
129
BRIS TED, John, American clergyman, III. 291.
Charles Astor, author, 2 a. (Died 1874.)
BRISTOL, two counties, III. 291.
BRISTOL, town of Rhode Island, III. 292.
Mount Hope, 1 a.
BRISTOL, borough of Pennsylvania, III. 292.
BRISTOL, city of England, III. 292. Church of
St. Mary Reddiff, 293, 1 a (ill., 292). Guild
hall, ib. (ill.)-
BRISTOL BRICK, III. 293.
BRISTOL CHANNEL, III. 293.
Bristol diamonds, VIII. 38, 1 be.
BRIT, fish, III. 293 ; VIII. 697, 1 b.
BRITAIN, or Britannia, ancient name of Great
Britain, III. 293.
Britan iiia: see BRITAIN.
BRITANNIA METAL, III. 294; I. 336, 1 c. Com
position of, I. 565, 2 a; XIII. 377, 1 b.
BRITANNIC ITS, son of the emperor Claudius, III.
294; XII. 230, 2 ab.
BRITISH AMERICA, III. 294.
British American, pseudonyme, XI. 240, 2 b.
British association for the advancement of sci
ence, I. 137, 1 b.
British land, so styled (of Indians), VII. 3G3,
1 a.
BRITISH BURMAII : see BURMAII, British.
BRITISH COLUMBIA, province of Canada, III.
294. Population, 2 a. Coast line, ib. Phys
ical features, 2 b. Climate, 295, 1 b. Soil
and productions, 1 c. Animals, 2 a. Miner
als arid mining, 2 b. Exports, 296, 1 ab.
Government, 1 c. History, ib.
BRITISH EMPIRE, III. 296. In Europe, 1 c. In
Asia, 297, 1 a. In Africa, 1 b. In America,
ib. In Australasia, 1 c. Area and popula
tion, ib.
British and foreign Bible society, II. 614, 2 c ;
615, 1 c.
BRITISH GUM, III. 297, and 259, I c ; VI. 65,
1 c.
British influence, a party watchword, I. 93, 2 a.
British institute of actuaries, X. 429, 1 a.
British lustre, I. 557, 1 a.
BRITISH MUSEUM, III. 297 (ill.). Reading room,
298, 1 a (ill.). Library, 1 c. Collection of
antiquities, 299, 1 ab ; of natural history, 1 c.
Government, 2 ab. Rules of admission, 2 be.
Catalogue, 2 b.
British national gallery, II. 430, 1 c; X. 605,
2c.
British oil, IX. 811, 2 b.
British orders in council, against French com
merce, V. 288, 1 b ; II. 725, 1 b. Their effect
9
on American commerce, XVI. 162, 2 c. Re
peal of the orders in relation to the rights of
neutrals, X. 826, 1 c. See Berlin and Milan,
decrees (Index).
British point, kind of lace, X. 79, 1 c.
Brito, Richard, one of the assassins of Becket,
II. 441, 2 b.
BRITTANY, former province of France, III. 299.
Present divisions, 300, 1 a. Breton peasants
(ill.), 1 b. History, 1 c.
Brittle stars, star fishes, VI. 387, 1 ab ; XII.
644, 1 b.
BRITTON, John, English antiquary, III. 301.
Britton club, 1 b.
Briva Isara 3 , ancient town : see PONTOISE.
BRIVES, or Brives-la-Gaillarde [breev-la-ga-
yard], town of France, III. 301.
BPJX EN, town of Tyrol, III. 301. Council of
1080, 2 a.
BRIX HAM, seaport of England. III. 301. Monu
ment to the landing of William III., 2 ab.
BROACH, district of India, III. 301. City, 2 b.
Broadcloth, manufacture of, XVI. 718, 1 a.
BROAD RIVER, of N. and S. Carolina, III. 301.
Broadsword, Roman, I. 734, 2 c.
BROADUS, John Albert [braw -dus], American
clergyman, III. 301.
Broc, Ranulph de, castle of, II. 441, 2 b.
BROCADE , textile fabric, III. 302.
Brocatella, kind of marble, XI. 147, 1 be.
BROCCHI, Giovanni Battista [brok -ke], Italian
mineralogist and geologist, III. 302.
BROC COLI, species of cabbage, III. 302 (ill.).
BROCK, Isaac, British general, III. 302.
BEOCK EDON, William, English artist and in
ventor, III. 302.
Brocken, the, summit of the Hartz mountains,
VIII. 492, 2 c (ill.) ; 493, 2 c. Spectre of,
allusion to, I. 352, 2 c.
Brocket, deer, V. 761, 1 b; XIV. 386, 1 a.
BROCKHAUS, Friedrich Arnold [briik -house],
German publisher, III. 302. Friedrich and
Heinrich, 303, 1 b. Ilemrich Eduard and
Heinrich Rudolf, 1 c. Hermann, orientalist,
2 a (died 1877).
BROCKLESBY, Richard [brok -l z-be], English
physician, III. 303.
BROCK PORT, village of New York, III. 303.
BROCKVILLE, town of Canada, III. 303.
Brocom agus, ancient town : see BRUMATH.
BRODERICK, David Colbreth [brod -rik], Amer
ican politician, III. 304.
Broderie de Malines [brtih-dre dilh ma-leen],
Mechlin lace, X. 78, 2 b.
130
BRODERIP
BRONZE
BROD ERIP, William John, English naturalist,
III. 304.
BRODIIEAD, John Romeyn, American historian,
III. 304.
BKO DIE, Sir Benjamin Collins, English sur
geon, III. 304. Sir Benjamin Collins, pro
fessor of chemistry, 2 be,
BRODY, town of Austria, III. 304,
BRODZIXSKI, Kazimierz [brod-zhin -ske], Polish
soldier and poet, III. 305.
BROFFERIO, Angel o [brof-fa -re-o], Italian poet
and politician, III. 305.
Brogan : see BROGUE.
Broghill, Lord (Roger Boyle), III. 173, 2 a.
Broglia [bro -lya] : see BROGLIE.
BROGLIE [broy or bruh-lye], French family,
III. 305. Francois Marie, 1 c. Victor Mau
rice, count de, ib. Francois Marie, first
duke de, general and diplomatist, ib. Vic
tor Francois, second duke de, marshal of
France, ib. Claude Victor, prince de, poli
tician and general, 2 a. Achille Leonce
Victor Charles, duke de, statesman, it). Al-
bertine Ida Gustavine de Stael, duchess de,
authoress, 2 c. Albert, duke de, statesman
and author, 306, 1 a. Maurice Jean Made
leine, bishop of Ghent, 1 b.
BROGXI, Jean Allarmet, cardinal de [dub bro-
nye], Roman prelate, III. 300.
BROGUE [broag], coarse clog or shoe, III. 306.
In speech, 1 c.
BROIIAX, Augustine Suzanne [bro-a ng ], French
actress, III. 300. Josephine Felicite Augus
tine, 2 a. fimilie Madeleine, 2 c.
BROKE, Sir Philip Bowes Vere [brook], British
admiral, III. 306.
BROKEN WIXD, disease of horses, III. 307.
Broker, how differing from factor, VII. 54, 1 b.
Brokers, stock, XV. 387, 2 c. New York
board of, 388, 1 a ; Paris, 2 c.
Broma: see COCOA, IV. 790, 1 a.
Bromal, hydrate of, as a hypnotic, III. 309,
1 ab.
BROMBERG [brum -bairg], city of Prussia, III.
307.
BROME, county of Canada, III. 307.
BROME, Richard, English dramatist, III. 307.
Alexander, writer, 2 a.
Brome grass : see CHESS, IV. 384, 1 c.
Brome lia an anas (botany), XIII. 527, 2 c.
Bromelia cece (botany), XIII. 527, 2 c.
Bromide of potassium,, in medicine, I. 572, 1 c ;
II. 307, 2 b.
BROMIDES [bro -midz], salts of bromine, III. 307.
BROMINE [bro -min], chemical element, III.
307. Sources, 2 c. Preparation, 308, 1 b.
Properties and uses, 2 b. Discovery of, in
sea water, II. 235, 1 a.
BROMLEY [brum/-le], town of England. III. 309.
BROMME, Traugott [brum -mfch], German trav-
cller and bookseller, III. 309. Karl Rudolf,
naval engineer, 1 c.
BEO MOFOEM, chemical compound, III. 309.
Brom sebro, treaty of, IV. 528, 1 a.
BROMSGROVE, town of England, III. 309.
Bromus (botany), IV. 384, 1 c. B. asper, 2 a
(ill.), and other species, B. secalinus, 1 c
and 2 a; VIII. 169, 1 ab; XVI. 587, 1 c.
B. mollis, IV. 385, 2 a (ill.). B. Schraderi,
VIII. 168, 2 b. B. unioloides, ib.
BROXCHI [brong -ki], branches of the trachea,
III. 309 ; X. 721, 1 c.
Bronchial arteries, X. 722, 1 c. Bronchial
glands, ib.
Bronchial catarrh, III. 310, 1 a.
Bronchial tubes, III. 309, 2 c ; X. 721, 2 a;
IV. 387, 2 a.
BRONCHITIS [brong-ki -tisl, disease. III. 309.
Hay bronchitis (hay fever), 310, 2 c. Ca
pillary bronchitis, 311, 2 c. Influenza, 312,
1 be. Diphtheritic bronchitis, 2 a.
Bron chocele, goitre, VIII. 70, 2 a,
Bronchoplasty, surgical operation, II. 150, 2 b.
Bronchorrhm a : see BRONCHITIS, III. 31 1, 1 be.
BROXDSTED, Peder Oluf [bron -stedj, Danish
archaeologist, III. 312.
BROXGXIART, Alexandre Theodore [bro ng -nye-
ar], French architect. III. 313. Antoine
Louis, chemist, 1 a. Alexandre, chemist and
geologist, 1 b. His classification of mineral
earths, XL 590, 1 b ; of reptiles, VIII. 692,
2 c. Adolphe Theodore, botanist, III. 313, 1 c.
BROXXER, Johann Philipp [brnn -ner], German
writer on wines, III. 313.
Bronson, original name of Ivalamazoo, IX.
734, 2 be.
BROXTE [bron -ta], town of Sicily, III. 313.
BROX TE, Charlotte. English novelist, III. 313.
Emily and Anne, il.
Brontothe ridcv (zoology), XL 197, 2 c ; XIV.
290, 1 c,
BRONZE, metallic alloy, III. 314. Ancient use
of, 1 be. Aluminum bronze, 315, 1 c.
Bronze age (archeology), I. 185, 2 c; 642, 1 c;
643, 2 c : 644, 1 c, 2 b, c; VII. 197, 1 be.
Bronzed shin, disease, VII. 836, 1 c.
Bronze wolf, of the Roman capitol, referred
to, III. 756, 2 be.
BRONZING
BRONZING, III. 315 ; XII. 771, 1 be. Tucker s
process for bronzing cast iron, III. 310, 1 ab.
Bronzino, Agnolo [bron-dze -no], Italian paint
er, I. 334, 2 b.
Broodhuis [brode -hois], Brussels, where Eg-
mout and Horn spent their last night, III.
368, 1 c.
Brooke, Lord : see GKEVILLE, Sir Fulke.
BROOKE, county, III. 31G.
BROOKE, Frances, English authoress, III. 31G.
BROOKE, Francis J., American magistrate, III.
316. Francis J., soldier, 1 a. George Mer
cer, general, ib.
BROOKE, Henry, Irish novelist, III. 316.
BKOOKE, Sir James, rajah of Sarawak, III. 316.
BROOKINGS, county, III. 317.
BROOKLIXE, town of Massachusetts, III. 317.
Reservoir for supplying Boston with water,
2 a.
BROOKLYN, city of New York, III. 317. Di
visions, 2 c. Population, 318, 1 a. Streets,
1 b. Buildings, 1 c. Church edifices, 2 c ;
churches, 326, 1 b. Prospect park, 319, 1 c ;
other parks, 2 b. Greenwood cemetery,
2 c ; main entrance, ib. (ill., 320) ; other
cemeteries, 320, 1 b. Steam ferries, 1 c.
Fulton ferry in 1791 (ill.), 2 c. East river
bridge, 321, 1 a. Railroads, 2 a. Com
merce, 2 b. Atlantic dock, 2 c (ill., 322).
U. S. navy yard, 322, 2 b. Manufactures,
2 c. Government, 323, 1 c. Water supply,
2 c; XVI. 510, 2 ab. Finances, III. 324,
1 b. Charitable institutions, 2 a. Schools,
325, 1 a. Libraries, &c., 2 b. History, 326,
1 c. Fire in 1848, 327, 1 a; V. 237, 1 c.
Brooklyn, county seat, XVI. 661, 1 c.
Brook minnow, fish, V. 628, 2 be.
BROOKS, county, III. 327.
BROOKS, Charles Shirley, English author, III.
327. (Died 1874.)
BROOKS, Charles Timothy, American author,
III. 327.
BROOKS, James, American journalist, III. 327.
Erastus, journalist, 2 c.
BROOKS, James Gordon, American poet, III. 328.
Mary Elizabeth, writer and designer, 1 b.
BROOKS, John, M. D., American military offi
cer, III. 328.
BROOKS, Maria, American poetess, III. 328.
BROOKS, Peter Chardon, American merchant,
III. 328.
BROOKS, Phillips, American clergyman, III. 328.
BROOKS, Preston S., American politician, III.
328. His assault on Mr. Simmer, 2 c ; its in- j
BROWN
131
direct occasion, 489, 2 a. See BUELINGAME,
Anson, 460, 1 a.
Broods, club, London, X. 607, 2 be.
Brookville, county seats, VII. 434, 2 b; IX.
586, 1 c.
BROOM, plant, III. 329 (ill.).
BROOM CORN, plant, III. 329 (ill.).
BECOME, county,. 1 1 1. 330.
BROOME, William, English author, III. 330.
Broschi, Carlo [bros -ke] : see FARINELLI.
Bro simum galactoden dron (botany), V. 445,
1 be.
Brosimus (ichthyology), V. 592, 1 b. B. fla-
vescens, 1 b (ill.). B. vulgaris, 2 a.
BROSSES, Charles de [dub bruss], French au
thor, III. 330.
BROSSET, Marie Felicite [brtts-sa], French ori
entalist, III. 330.
Brother Jonathan, origin of the expression,
XVI. 15, 1 ab.
BROTHERS, Richard, English fanatic, III. 331.
Brothers of Charity : see CHARITY, Brothers of.
Brothers of the Christian schools, popular edu
cators, X. 177, 1 b; XL 731, 1 b. Suppres
sion of them in Germany, XI. 732, 1 a. See
BRETHREN OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS.
Brothers of hospitality, IV. 277, 2 a.
Brothers hospitallers, IV. 277, 2 a; XL 730,
1 b. Of St. John in Jerusalem, XIV. 535, 2 a.
Brothcrton Indians, referred to, XL 701, 1 be.
BROUCKERE, Charles Marie Joseph Ghislain
de [broo-kiiir], Belgian statesman. III. 331.
Henri Marie Joseph Ghislain do, 2 b.
BROUGHAM, Henry [broo -um or broom], lord
chancellor of England, III. 331.
BROUGHAM, John, Irish actor and playwright,
III. 333.
BROUGIITON, Lord [brow -tun] : see HOBIIOUSE.
BROUSSA : see BRUSA.
BROUSSAIS, Francois Joseph Victor [broo-sa],
French physician, III. 333. His " physio
logical system of medicine," 2 be ; 337, 2 a.
BROUSSON, Claude [broo-so" g j. French Protes
tant martyr, III. 334.
BROUSSONNET, Pierre Auguste [broo-sun-na],
French physician and naturalist, TIL 334.
Bromsone tia (botany), XII. 29, 2 ab. B. pa-
pyrifera, ib. (ill.).
Brouiccr, Adrian [brow -cr]: see BRAUWER.
BROWN, seven counties, III. 334.
BROWN, Benjamin Gratz, American journalist,
III. 335.
BROWN, Charles Brockden, American novelist,
III. 335; XVI. 192, 1 ab.
132
BROWN
BRUCE
BROWN, Ford Madox, English painter, III. 335.
BROWN, Goold, American grammarian, III. 336.
BROWN, Henry Kirke, American sculptor, III.
336.
BROWN, Hugh Stowell, English clergyman, III.
33C.
BROWN, Jacob, American general, III. 336.
BROWN, John, English author, III. 336.
BROWN, John, Scottish Biblical critic, III. 336.
BROWN, John, Scottish physician, III. 336.
Founder of the Brunonian system, 2 c. His
medical theory, 337, 1 c.
BROWN, John, American officer, III. 337.
BROWN, John, Scottish divine, III. 337.
BROWN, John, Scottish author, III. 337.
BROWN, John, American abolitionist, III. 338.
His invasion of Virginia, 340, 1 ab ; trial
and execution, 341, 1 c. See KANSAS, IX.
755, 1 a.
BROWN, John Nc \vton, American clergyman,
III. 341.
BROWN, Nicholas, patron of Brown university,
III. 342.
Brown, Owen, treasurer under John Brown s
constitution, III. 339, 2 be.
Brown, Rawdon, English scholar, referred to,
III. 500, 1 a; 531, 1 b.
BROWN, Robert, founder of the sect of Brown-
ists, III. 342; IX. 199, 1 c.
BROWN, Robert, British botanist, III. 342.
BROWN, Sir Samuel, English engineer, III. 343.
BROWN, Samuel, Scottish chemist and poet,
III. 343.
BROWN, Tarleton, American soldier, III. 343.
BROWN, Thomas, English satirist, III. 343.
BROWN, Thomas, Scottish philosopher, III. 343.
See MORAL PHILOSOPHY, XI. 807, 2 a; PHI
LOSOPHY, XIII. 445, 2 b.
BROWN, William Laurence, Scottish theologian,
III. 344.
Brown Mll, weapon : see BILL, II. 639, 1 c.
BROWN COAL, III. 344. Jet, 2 a.
BROWNE, Charles Farrar, American humorist,
III. 344.
BROWNE, Edward Harold, English bishop, III.
344.
BROWNE, Frances, Irish poetess, III. 344.
BROWNE, George, count, Russian general, III.
345.
BROWNE, Ilenriette (pseudonyme), French ar
tist, III. 345.
BROWNE, Isaac Hawkins, English poet III. 345.
BROWNE, John Ross, American traveller and
author, III. 345. (Died 1875.)
BROWNE, Mary Ann, English poetess, III. 345.
BROWNE, Simon, English theologian, III. 346.
BROWNE, Sir Thomas, English physician and
author. III. 340.
BROWNE, William, English poet, III. 346.
BROWNE, William George, English traveller,
III. 346.
BROWN ELL, Henry Howard, American author,
III. 346.
BROWNELL, Thomas Church, American bishop,
III. 346.
Brown gum tree, X. 13, 1 a.
Brown howler, monkey, XI. 750, 2 c.
Brownie, fairy, VII. 65, 1 a.
BROWNING, Elizabeth Barrett, English poetess,
III. 346.
BROWNING, Robert, English poet, III. 347.
Brownists, English sect, III. 342, 1 b; their
views, 2 be. Name changed to Indepen
dents, IX. 199, 1 c.
Bfownites and Cullcnites, medical schools, III.
337, 1 b.
BROWN LOW, William Gannaway, American
clergyman, journalist, and politician, III. 348.
Brown ore (iron), IX. 408. 1 a.
BROWN-SEQUARD, Charles Edward |"-sa-kar],
French-American physiologist. III. 348. His
experiments on the nature of blood, II. 731,
2 be; 732, 2 be; 733, 1 ab, 2 be; 734, 1 b,
2 a; 735, 2 c: 736, 1 ab. On animal elec
tricity, I. 519, 1 a, 2 a, b, c. On aphasia in
insanity, IX. 306, 1 c.
BROWNSON, Orestes Augustus, American au
thor, III. 349. See PHILOSOPHY, XIII. 447,
2 ab. (Died 1876.)
BROWN SPAR, kind of dolomite, III. 350.
Browmtown, county seat, IX. 483, 2 b.
BROWNSVILLE, borough of Pennsylvania, III.
350. City of Texas, 1 b. Village of Ten
nessee, 1 c.
Brownsville, county seats, VI. 408, 2 b ; VIII.
553, 2 b.
BROWN UNIVERSITY, III. 350.
BRUCE, county of Canada, III. 351.
BRUCE, noble family of Scotland, III. 351.
Robert, lord of Annandale, claimant of the
crown, 2 b. Robert, earl of Carrick, 2 be.
Robert, king, 1 c. Castle hill, place of his
decease, 781, 1 be. David II., king, 352, 2 b.
Edward, king of Ireland, 2 c; IX. 357, 1 c.
Bruce, Dr. Archibald, founder of the first origi
nal American scientific journal, VII. 691, 2b.
BRUCE, James, Scottish traveller, III. 353 ; I.
170, 2 b.
BRUCE
BRUNO
133
BEUCE, Michael, Scottish poet, III. 353.
Brucher, Antoine [brii-shu], French engraver,
reputed inventor of the coining mill, XI. GIG,
2h.
Bnicldum [bru -ke-um], royal division of an
cient Alexandria, I. 290, 2 be.
BRUCIISAL [broo k h -sal], town of Baden, III.
353.
Bru chus pisi (entomology), XIII. 203, 1 b ;
XVI. 536, 1 ab (ill.).
BRD CIA, vegetable alkali, III. 353.
BRUCK [brook], two towns of Austria, B.-on-the-
Leitha [-H -taJ and B.-on-the-Mur [-moor],
III. 353.
Bruck: see BEUGG.
Bruck, C. L. von, founder of the Austrian
Lloyd s, X. 555, 2 b.
Bracke [briik -Sh], researches of on the blood,
II. 732, 2 be; 733, 1 ab, b, c.
BRUCKEXAU [briik -eh-now], town of Bavaria,
III. 353.
Br&ckenthal, Baron [briik -en-tal], palace of,
in Hermannstadt, VIII. G83, 2 a.
BRUCKEB, Jakob [brook -er], German scholar,
III. 353.
Bru denell, Lord : see CARDIGAN, carl of.
JBrudenell, Rev. Mr., second husband of Lady
Acland, I. 67, 1 b.
BRU GES [Fr. bruzh], city of Belgium, III. 353.
Belfry tower, 2 c (ill., 354). Town hall (ho
tel de villo), 354, 1 b (ill.).
BRUGES, Roger van, Flemish painter, III. 354.
BIJUGG [broog], village of Switzerland, III. 354.
Brugge [Flem. briig -geli] : see BRUGES.
Brugge, Jan van, a name of Jan van Eyck, VII.
45, 1 a.
BRUGGER, Friedrich [broog -ger], German sculp
tor, III. 354.
Brugia, Brug, or Bruges, old name of Bridge-
north, III. 280, 1 c.
BRUGMANS, Sebaldus Justintis [brug -mans],
Dutch physician and naturalist, III. 355.
BRUGSCH, Ileinrich Karl [brooksh], German
Egyptologist, III. 355.
BRUIIL, Heinrich, count, German statesman,
III. 355. Referred to, II. 116, 1 c.
BRUIIXS, Karl Christian [broonce], German as
tronomer, III. 355. His "Manual of Loga
rithms, 11 X. 578, 2 a.
Bruis, Peter de: see BRUYS.
Bruit de dialle [brii-e dull de-ab l], in chlorosis,
IV. 504, 2 a.
BRUMAIRE, the Eighteenth [bru-mair], day of
Bonaparte s coup d 5 etat, III. 355.
BRUMATH [broo -mat], town of Alsace, Ger
many, III. 356.
BRUM MEL, George Bryan (Beau Brummel),
English man of fashion, III. 356. Place and
circumstances of his death, 2 b, and 540,
1 c.
Brumpt [broomt] : see BRUMATH.
BBUX, Friederike Sophie Christiane [broon],
German authoress, III. 35G.
BRUXCK, Richard Francois Philippe [broonk],
Franco-German philologist, III. 357.
BRUXDU SIUM, or Brundisium : sec BHIXDISI.
BRUXE, Guillaume Marie Anne, marshal of
France, III. 357.
Bruneau Shoshones [bru-no sho-sho -neez], In
dians in Idaho, IX. 166, 1 be.
BRUXEIIAUT [brun-ho], queen of Austrasia, III.
357.
BruneJiild [brun-hild], queen of Austrasia : see
BRUXEIIAUT.
Brunehild [broo -neh-hilt], in the Nibelungen-
lied, XII. 419, 2 b.
BKUXEI/, Sir Mark Isambard, English civil en
gineer, III. 358. Isambard Kingdom, en
gineer and naval architect, 1 b.
BKUXELLESCHI, Filippo [broo-nel-les -ke], Italian
architect, III. 358.
BRUXET, Jacques Charles [brii-na], French
bibliographer, III. 358.
Brunfels, Otto [broon -felce], his woodcuts of
plants, III. 132, 1 ab.
BRUXI, Leonardo [broo -ne], Italian author,
III. 358.
BRUXIXGS, Christian [bru -ninks], name of two
Dutch engineers, III. 359. Conrad Louis,
engineer, 1 b.
BRUXX [briin], city of Moravia, III. 359 (ill.).
BRUXX, Heinrich [broon], German archasolo-
gist, III. 359.
Brunn, Johann Conrad: see BRUXNER.
BRUXNEX [broon -nen], village of Switzerland,
III. 359.
Brunner, glands of, III. 360, 1 a; IX. 324, 1 a.
BRUXXER, Johann Conrad [broon -ncr], Ger
man anatomist, III. 360.
BRUXXER, Sebastian, German author, III. 360.
BRUXXOW, Ernst Georg von [broon -no], Ger
man novelist and homoeopathist, III. 360.
Philipp, count, Russian diplomatist, 1 c.
Bru no, name of Pope Gregory V., VIII. 243,
2ab.
BRUXO THE GREAT, archbishop of Cologne, III.
360.
BRUXO, Saint, apostle to the Prussians, III.
134
BRUNO
BUBASTIS
360. Founder of the Carthusians, 2 b, and
IV. 325, 2 a.
BRUNO, Giordano [broo -no], philosopher, III.
360. See PHILOSOPHY, XIII. 440, 2 a.
Brunsberg [broonce -bairg], watch tower of,
IX. 23, 2 ab.
BKUNS WIOK, t\vo counties, III. 361.
Brunswick, county seats, VIII. 48, 2 a; IX.
741, 1 c.
BRUNSWICK, town and village of Maine, III.
361. Town of Georgia, 362, 1 a.
BRUNSWICK, duchy of Germany, III. 362. Cap
ital city, 2 be. Gewandhaus, 363, 1 a (ill.) ;
council house, 1 b (ill.).
BRUNSWICK, House of, III. 363. Dukes of :
Ernest, 364, 1 a; Christian, general in the
thirty years war, ib. ; Ernest Augustus, first
elector of Hanover, father of George I. of
England, 1 b ; Ferdinand, Prussian general,
ib. ; Charles William Ferdinand, Prussian
general, 1 c ; Frederick William, Prussian
general, 2 a ; Charles Frederick Augustus
William, 2 ab.
Brunswick-Bevern [-ba -vern], line of, III. 363,
2c.
BRUNSWICK GREEN, pigment, III. 364; V. 319,
1 ab.
Brunswick- Luneburg [-lu -ne h-boorg], line of,
III. 363, 2 c ; dukes of, 364, 1 ab.
Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel [-vul -fen-but-tel], line
of, III. 363, 2 c.
BRUNTON, Mary Balfour, English novelist, III.
364.
Bnmtorfs link, for chain cables, III. 527, 1 be
(ill.).
BRUSA [broo -sa], city of Asia Minor, III. 365
(ill.).
BRTISASORCI (Domenico Riccio), [broo-za-zor -
che], Italian painter, III. 365.
BRUSH, III. 365. Machine for making flat
brushes, 366, 2 a (ills.). Hair pencils, 2 c.
Brush mountain "basin, of coal, I. 556, 1 a.
BRUSH TURKEY, III. 367 (ill.).
Brusquet [briis-ka], court jester, VII. 308, 1 a.
BRUS SELS, city of Belgium, III. 367. Church
of St. Gudule, 2 c (ill). Hotel de ville, 368,
1 a (ill.).
Brussels carpet, IV. 21, 2 b. Imperial Brussels,
2c.
Bruttii: see BRUTTIUM.
BRUT TIUM, ancient division of Italy, III. 369.
Bruttians, 1 b, c.
BRU TUS, Decimus Junius, Roman soldier, III.
369.
BRUTUS, Lucius Junius, Roman patriot, III.
369.
BRUTUS, Marcus Junius, one of the assassins of
Ccesar, III. 370.
BRUX, town of Bohemia, III. 370.
Bruxelles [Fr. briix-gl or bru-sel] : see BRUS
SELS.
BRUYAS, Jacques [brii-yas], French Jesuit mis
sionary, III. 370, Works on the Mohawk
language, ib., and I. 188, 1 c.
BRUYERE, Jean de la : see LA BRU YERE.
BRUYN, Cornelis de [deh broin], Dutch travel
ler and painter, III. 370.
BRUYS, Peter de [dun bru-e], founder of a sect
in France, III. 370.
BRY, Theodoric or Dirk [bri], Flemish engraver
and print and book publisher, III. 370.
BRY AN, county, III. 370.
BRYAN, Sir Francis, English soldier and poet,
III. 371.
BRYAN, Michael, English art connoisseur, III.
371.
Bryant, Sir Francis: see BRYAN.
BRYANT, Jacob, English writer, III. 371.
BRYANT, William Cullen, American poet and
journalist, IIL 371 ; XVI. 197, 2 c, 199, 2 a.
(Died 1878.) Peter, physician, HI. 371, 2 ab.
BRYDGES, Sir Samuel Egerton, English author,
III. 372.
BRYDONE , Patrick, Scottish traveller, III. 373.
Bryitt, Nicholas, engraver to the English mint,
XL 616, 2 b.
Bryology, in botany, XL 863, 2 c.
BRYO NIA, poisonous extract, III. 373. Bryo-
nia dioica (botany), 1 b (ill.)-
Bryonine [bri -o-nin] : see BRYONIA.
Bry ony, plant, III. 373, 1 c (ill.).
BRYOZO A, or Moss Animals, III. 373; XIII.
691, 1 a; XVI. 834, 2 be,
Bry soil s self -register ing barometer, II. 328, 1 c.
BRZESC LITEWSKI : see BREST LITOVSKI.
BRZEZAN [brzhezh-an j, town of Galicia, Aus
tria, III. 373.
ITsong-Kha-pa [tsong-k ha-pa ], reformer of
Lamaism, X. 115, 2 be; 116, 2 c.
BUA [boo -a], island in the Adriatic, III. 373.
Buachaille: see STAFFA, XV. 301, 1 a.
BUACHE, Philippe [bti-ash], French geographer,
III. 373. Jean Nicolas Buache de la Neu-
ville, geographer, 2 c.
BU AGE, plant, III. 374 (ill.).
BUANSU AH, wild dog, III. 374 (ill.); VI. 179,
1 a; IX. 11, 1 c.
BUBAS TIS, or Bubastus, ancient city of Egypt,
BUBO
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
135
III. 374. Site of, 1 c, and II. 483, 1 ab. Bu-
bastis, goddess, 2 a (ill.).
Bubo (ornithology), XII. 752, 2 c. B. Virgini-
anus, il. (ill., 753). B. maximns, 753, 1 c.
Buboes, glandular swellings, XIII. 567, 2 c.
BUBO NA, in Roman mythology, III. 374.
Buloni nm (ornithology), XII. 752, 2 c.
BUCCANEERS , freebooters, III. 374. Resorts of,
VIII. 791, 2 be; IX. 690, 1 be.
BUCCIN ID.E, family of mollusks, III. 376.
Butfcinum, shellfish furnishing the Tyrian pur
ple dye (Pliny), VI. 339, 1 a (properly the
murex : see MUREX, and PURPLE). The
whelk, XVI. 595, 1 a. B. undatum, il. (ill.).
B. obsoletum, 1 b.
Bucco (ornithology), XIV. 71, 2 a. B. macro-
rhynchus, 72, 1 a (ill., 71).
Bucconi ncG (ornithology), XIV. 71, 2 a.
BUCEN TAUR, Venetian state galley, III. 376 (ill.).
Bucentoro [Ital. boo-chen-to -ro] : see BUCEN-
TAUR. Destroyed, XVI. 298, 1 c.
Buceph ala (ornithology), VI. 290, 1 b. B.
Americana, il. B. albeola, 1 c. Hybrid be
tween the lophodytes cucullatus and B.
Americana, XI. 407, 1 ab.
BUCEPHALUS, horse of Alexander, III. 376.
BU CER, Martin [Ger. boo -tser], German re
former, III. 377. His views of the eucha-
rist, X. 733, 1 c.
Bn ceros (ornithology), VIII. 820, 1 b. B. rhi
noceros, 2 a (ill.). B. erythrorhynchus, 2 c
(ill.).
Bucn, Leopold von [fon boo h h], German geol
ogist, III. 377.
BUCHAN, David [biik -an], British explorer, III.
378.
BITCH AN, Elizabeth (Simpson), Scottish reli
gious fanatic, III. 378.
BUCHAN, William, Scottish physician, III. 378.
BUCHANAN [buk-an -an], three counties, III. 378.
Buchanan, county seat, VIII. 450, 1 c.
BUCHANAN, Claudius, English missionary, III.
379.
BUCHANAN, Franklin, American naval officer,
III. 379. (Died 1874.)
BUCHANAN, George, Scottish scholar and poet,
III. 379.
BUCHANAN, James, fifteenth president of the
United States, III. 380. Congressman, 1 b.
Minister to Russia, 1 c. U. S. senator, ib.
Action on anti-slavery petitions, 2 ab : on
the French indemnity question, 2 b; on the
Ashburton treaty, 2 c ; on the annexation
of Texas, 381, 1 a. Secretary of state, 1 ab.
Northwestern boundary, 1 b. Minister to
England, 1 c. Ostend manifesto, 2 ab. Elect
ed president, 2 be. His course on the Kansas
question, 2 c ; on the Mormon rebellion,
382, 1 a; in regard to secession, 1 b, if.
Breaking up of his cabinet, 2 a. His de
fence of his administration, 2 be.
BUCHANAN, Robert, Scottish poet, III. 382.
BUCHAREST [boo-ka-resf], capital of Rouma-
nia, III. 383 (ill.). Treaty of, I. 282, 1 c.
BUCIIA RIA : see BOKHARA.
BUCIIEZ, Philippe Joseph Benjamin [bu-shu],
French physician and writer, III. 384.
BacJdoe dactyloi des [bu-klo -e], (botany), VIII.
168, 2 c (ill.).
BUCHNER, Georg [bu c h -ner], German poet,
III. 384. Friedrich Karl Christian Louis,
philosopher, 1 c. Alexander, author, 2 b.
Luise, poet and novelist, 2 be.
BucJioh [boo - k holts], his theory of lactic fer
mentation, VII. 147, 1 be.
BUCIION, Jean Alexandre [bu-sho ng ], French
writer, III. 384.
Bucuu [boo-koo J, vegetable medical product,
III. 385 (ill.).
BUCK, male of deer family, III. 385 ; VII. 75,
1 be. Buck of the first head, 1 c. Great
buck, il).
BUCKAU [book -kow], town of Prussia, III.
385.
BUCKEBURG [buk -keh-boorg], town of Ger
many, III. 385.
Bucket: see WHEEL, XVI. 593, 1 b.
BUCKEYE : see HORSE CHESTNUT.
JBucMan non, county seat, XVI. 218, 1 be.
Buckhorn, species of plantain, XIII. 594, 2 c.
Buckhounds, VII. 75, 2 be ; master of, ib.
Buckle, mollusk, XVI. 595, 1 a.
BUCKINGHAM, county, III. 385.
BUCKINGHAM [buk -ing-um], borough of Eng
land, III. 385.
BUCKINGHAM, Earls and Dukes of, III. 385.
George Villiers, statesman, 2 c ; IX. 517,
1 c ; XIV. 226, 1 a. George Villiers, sec
ond duke, III. 886, 1 c.
BUCKINGHAM, or Buckinghamshire, John Shef
field, duke of, statesman and poet, III. 387.
BUCKINGHAM, James Silk, English traveller
and author, III. 387.
BUCKINGHAM, Joseph Tinker, American jour
nalist, III. 388.
Buckingham college, Oxford, II. 103, 2 be.
Buckingham palace, X. 608, 2 c (ill., 609).
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, county of England, III. 388.
136
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
BUFFALO
BucMngTiamsMre, duke of: see BUCKINGHAM,
III. 387, 1 b.
Buckings, in bleaching, II. 703, 2 c.
BUCKLAND, Cyrus, American inventor, III. 388.
BucMand, Mt., Tierra del Fuego, VII. 549, 2 a.
BUCKLAND, William, D. D., English geologist,
III. 388. His discoveries of fossil remains
at Kirkdale, 2 b ; 63, 2 ab. Francis Trevel-
yan, naturalist, 389, 1 a.
BUCKLE, Henry Thomas, English author, III.
389.
Buckler : see SHIELD, XIV. 853, 1 c.
BilcUer, Johann (Schinderhannes), brigand,
IV. 343, 2 c.
BUCK MINSTER, Joseph, American clergyman,
III. 389. Joseph Stevens, clergyman, 2 be.
Bucks, county of England : see BUCKINGHAM
SHIRE.
BUCKS, county of Pennsylvania, III. 390.
BUCKSPORT, town of Maine, III. 390.
BUCKSTOXE, John Baldwin, English actor and
dramatist, III. 390.
BUCKTHORN, plant, III. 890 (ill.). Use in
hedges, VIII. 604, 2 c.
BUCKWHEAT, grain, III. 391 (ill.). Siberian
buckwheat, 1 c.
Buckwheat, climbing, herb, XIII. 689, 1 a,
BUCQUOY, Jean Albert d Archambaud, count
and abbe do [dull bii-kwa], French writer,
III. 391.
BUCY RUS, town of Ohio, III. 391.
BUCZACZ [boo -oh&tch], town of Galicia, Aus
tria, III. 391.
Bud : see PLANT, XIII. 576, 1 be ; 577, 1 a.
Bud, in yeast, VIT. 142, 2 c (ills., 143).
BU DA [Hung, boo -daw], capital of Hungary,
III. 391 ; view, 392. Buda-Pesth, 391, 2 c.
BUD^E US : see BUDE.
Budaga, tribe of India, IX. 215, 2 c.
Budaon : see BUDAYOON.
BUDAYOON , town of British India, III. 393.
Budde [bood -dSh] : see BUDDEUS.
BUDDEUS, Johann Franz [bood-da -oos], Ger
man theologian, III. 393. Aurelio, traveller,
1 b.
Buddha [bood -da], generic name of innumer
able deified teachers, III. 393, 1 c ; 400, 1 a.
Sakyamuni, the present Buddha, ninth in
carnation of Vishnu, 393, 1 c; II. 159, 1 c.
Modern idol representing him (ill.), III. 393 ;
sleeping idol, II. 270, 1 c. Relics of him,
III. 402, 1 a. His influence on Brahmanism,
IX. 228, 1 be. Footprint of, I. 110, 2 be;
X. 46, 2 c. Mountain of, X. 181, 1 ab.
Buddhala, mountain of Buddha, X. 181, 1 ab.
BUDDHISM AND BUDDHA, an Asiatic religion and
its founder, III. 393. Legendary history of
Buddha, 1 c. Original character of Bud
dhism, 394, 2 a. Its history, 2 c. Its doc
trines, 396, 1 c. Divisions of the Buddhist
scriptures : the Dharma, 396, 2 b ; the Viria-
ya, 400, 2 a ; the Abhidharma, 403, 1 a.
Treatment of women, 401, 2 c. Worship,
ib. Buddhism and Brahmanism, 394, 1 c ;
IX. 228, 1 c. See LAMAISM.
Buddhism in Japan, IX. 537, 2 c ; 538, 2 a ;
541, 2 c; 542, 2 b; 543, 2 c; XII. 472, 1 b.
Literature of, IX. 563, 1 b.
Buddhists, III. 393, 1 c. Total number of, 396,
1 ab.
BUDDING, in arboriculture, III. 403 (ill.). An
chor budding, 404, 2 b.
Buddie, in metallurgy, XL 424, 1 ab.
Buddumas, African tribe, XV. 598. 1 ab.
BUDE, Guillaume [bii-da], French scholar, III.
404.
BUDE LIGHT, III. 404.
BUDGELL, Eustace, English writer, III. 405.
BUDWEIS [bood -vice], town of Bohemia, III.
405.
BUEL, Jesse, American agriculturist, III. 405.
BUELL, Don Carlos, American general, III. 405.
BUEN AYRE [bwain i -ra], island, W r est Indies,
III. 405.
BUENA VISTA [bu -na vis -ta], county, III. 406.
Bucna Vista, county seat, XL 168, 2 a.
BUENA VISTA [bwa -na vees -ta], Mexico, battle
of, III. 406.
BUENOS AYRES [bu -nos a -riz or airz ; Sp. bwa -
noce I -race], province of the Argentine Re
public, III. 406. Capital city, 407, 1 c (ill.).
History, 409, 2 b.
Bufeo [boo-fa -o], fish, III. 14, 2 c.
BUF FALO, animal, III. 410. Distinguished
from the bison, 1 b, and II. 667, 2 b, Indian
buffalo, III. 410, 1 c (ill.). Caller or Cape
buffalo, 2 c (ill., 411). Bhainsa, 410, 2 a.
Arna, ib.
BUFFALO, three counties. III. 411.
BUFFALO, city of New York, III. 411. View,
415. Public parks and buildings, 412, 1 b.
Railroads, 2 a. Commerce, 2 b. Industries,
414, 1 ab. Government, 2 a. Finances, 2 be.
Charitable institutions, 2 c. Education, 415,
1 c. Libraries, &c., 416, 1 a. Churches, 1 be.
Buffalo, county seat, V. 644, 1 b.
Buffalo fish, VII. 622, 1 a.
Buffalo gnat, II. 678, 2 b.
BUFFALO
BULLION
137
Buffalo grass, VIII. 108, 2 c (ill.) ; IX. 749, 1 b.
BUFFIER, Claude [bii-fya], French author, III.
416.
BUFF LEATHER, III. 410.
Buff limestone, X. 252, 1 c.
BUFFOX, Georges Louis Leclerc, count de [bii-
fo ng j, French naturalist, III. 416. Experi
ments with the burning glass, 471, 2 b. Re
lation of comparative anatomy to natural
history first fully perceived by him, V. 185,
2 b. Mistake of an elephant s bones for hu
man, VII. 795, 1 ab. Views of organic de
velopment referred to, VII. 10, 1 c ; of the
action of water in mountains and valleys,
688, 2 a. Henri Leclerc, his son, III. 417,
1 c.
Buffoon of the woods (barred owl), XII. 754, 2 c.
Bufo (zoology), XV. 777, 2 c. B. vulgaris, ib.
(ill.).
Biiford, Major, leader of an armed force in
Kansas, IX. 754, 1 c, 2 b.
BUG : see HEMIPTERA.
BUG [boog], two rivers of Russia, III. 417.
Buglmne, herb, IV. 583, 1 be.
BUGEAUD DE LA PicoxxERiE, Thomas Robert
[bu-zho dull la pe-kun-rej, duke of Isly,
French general, III. 417. "Ex-jailer of
Blaye," 2 be : see BERRY, II. 582, 1 b.
BUGEXIIAGEX, Johann [boo -ghen-ha-ghen],
German reformer, III. 418.
BUGGE, Thomas [boog -geh], Danish astrono
mer, III. 418.
BUGIIIS, or Bug-is [boo -ghees], a Malay people,
III. 418; IV. 109, 1 b. Referred to, XI.
56, 1 a and 2 a ; 57, 2 ab ; 58, 2 c.
BUIILE, Johann Gottlieb [boo -leh], German
philosopher, III. 419.
BUHL WORK [bule], inlaying, III. 419.
Bahren: see BIROX, Ernest John.
BUIIRSTOXE [bur -stone], for millstones, III. 419.
BUIL, Bernardo [boo-eel J, Spanish missionary,
III. 420.
Bujayah [boo-ja -ya], town : see BOUGIAII.
Bukarest : see BUCHAREST.
BUKOWIXA [boo-ko-ve -na], a crownland of
Austria, III. 420.
Buku [boo-koo J, Japanese second mourning,
XII. 13, 1 c.
Bukvitza [book-vit -sa] : see GLAGOLITIC.
Bulak [boo-lak j : see BOOLAK.
BULAMA [boo-hV-ma], African island, III. 420.
Bulama association, 2 a.
BULAU [boo -low], insectivorous mammal, III.
420 (ill.).
Bulb : see PLANT, XIII. 577, 2 c. Dutch bulbs,
IX. 99, 2 a ; XVI. 26, 1 c ; VIII. 362, 2 a.
Bulbils, in botany, X. 542, 2 a.
Baljfinger : see BILFIXGEE.
BULGA RIA, province of European Turkey, III.
420. Bulgarian costumes, 421, 2 b (ill.).
History, 422, 1 b. Kingdom of Bulgaria,
1 c. Its overthrow, 2 ab.
BULGARIAX LAXGUAGE AXD LITERATURE, III.
423.
Bulgarians, race, III. 422, 1 b. Sect, IV. 115, 2 c.
Bulgaric branch of the Finns, VII. 206, 2 c.
BULGARIX, Thaddeus [bool-ga -rin], Russian au
thor, III. 423.
Bulibani [boo-le-ba -ne], capital of Bondoo,
Africa, III. 57, 2 b.
BU LIMUS, genus of land snails, III. 424 (ill.).
B. rosaceus, 1 b. B. ovatus, ib.
BULKLEY, Peter, American clergyman, III. 424.
BULL : see Ox.
BULL, Papal, III. 424. How different from
brief, 1 c. The most celebrated bulls, 2 ab.
Bulla3 dimidira, 2 b.
Bull, Brahman: see ZEBU.
BULL, George, English prelate, III. 424.
BULL, John, familiar name of the English, III.
424.
BULL, John, English musician, III. 424.
BULL, Ole Borncmann, Norwegian violinist,
III. 425.
Bul la: see SEAL, XIV. 735,1 a, b,2 a,
Bull and bear, terms of the stock exchange,
XV. 388, 1 c.
Bulla rium, collection of papal bulls, III. 719,
2 b. Bullarium Magnum, ib.
BULLDOG, III. 425 (ill.).
BULL FIGHT, Spanish amusement, III. 426.
BULLFIXCII, bird, III. 426 (ill.).
Bullfinch, hedge, XVI. 51, 1 a.
Bullfrog, VII. 505, 2 c (ill., 506). Northern
bullfrog (ill.), 506, 1 a,
BULLHEAD, fish, III. 426. Common bullhead,
427, 1 b (ill.). Greenland bullhead, 1 c (ill.).
River bullhead, 2 c (ill., 428). Prickly bull
head, 428, 1 b. Acadian bullhead, or deep
water sculpin : see SEA RAVEX, XIV. 739, 2 a.
Bullhead, bird, XIII. 618, 1 c.
BULLIXGER, Ileinrich [bool -ing-er], Swiss theo
logian, III. 428.
Bullion, base or crude : see SILVER, XV. 50, 2 a.
Bullion, in glass making, VIII. 16, 2 c. Bul
lion point, 17, 1 b.
" Bullion Report" of the house of commons,
XL 745, 1 a.
138
BtTLLITT
BUEANO
BULLITT, county, III. 428.
BULLOCK, two counties, III. 428.
Bullock s lungwort: see MULLEIN, XII. 31, 1 b.
BULL EUN, stream of Virginia, III. 428. First
battle of, 2 c. Second battle of, 430, 1 c.
Bull sapling : see PIXE, XIII. 523, 2 ab.
Hull s eye, in glass making, VIII. 17, 1 b.
Bull s mouth, cameo shell, III. 652, 2 a.
Bull snake : see PIXE SNAKE, XIII.. 530, 1 ab.
Bully tree, VIII. 301, 2 a.
Bulou, plant, VII. 110, 1 c.
BULOW, Friedricli Wilhelm, baron von [fon
bii -lo], Prussian general, III. 431. Adam
Ileinrieli Dietrich, baron von, military wri
ter, 432, 1 b.
BULOW, Hans Guido von, German pianist and
composer, III. 432. Karl Eduard von, novel
ist and poet, 1 c. Cosima, wife of Hans,
2b.
BULRUSH, plant, III. 432 (ill.) ; XVI. 97, 1 a.
BULTI [bul-te J, state of central Asia, III. 433.
Bultistan [biil-te-stan J : see BULTI.
Buluk bashi [boo-look ba -sbe], Turkish mili
tary title, XL 301, 1 ab.
Bulundshuhur : see BOOLUNDSHAHUR.
BULWER, Edward : see BULWER-LYTTOX.
BULWER, Henry Lytton Earle, Baron Dalling
and Bulwer, English diplomatist and author,
III. 433.
BULWER, John, English physician, III. 433.
BULWER-LYTTOX, Edward George Earle Lytton,
Baron Lytton, English novelist, III. 433.
Eosina, Lady Bulwer-Lytton, writer, 434,
2 c. Edward Eobert Bulwer-Lytton, Baron
Lytton, poet (governor general of India,
1876), ib. : see KRASINSKI, X. 55, 1 b.
Bum-lailiff: see BAILIFF, II. 222, 1 b.
Bumblebee (bumblebee) : see BEE, II. 457, 1 c.
BUNCOMBE [bung -kum], county, III. 435. Talk
ing for Buncombe, 1 c ; I. 415, 1 b.
Bun dela country : see BUXDELCUXD.
BUXDELCUXD , province of India, III. 435.
Bundi [boon-dee ] : see BOOXDEE.
Bunclscliuli [boont -shoo], (league of the brogue),
XIII. 215, 1 be.
BUNGE, Alexander [boong -eh], Eussian botanist
and traveller, III. 435. Fridrikh Egor, ju
rist, 2 ab.
Bunijugas, Hindoo traders, IX. 214, 2 ab.
BUNKER HILL, III. 435. Battle of, 2 b. Bun
ker Hill monument, 437, 2 a (ill.).
Bunneahs, Hindoo traders, IX. 214, 2 ab.
BUNSEN, Christian Karl Josias, baron von [fon
boon -sen], German scholar and diplomatist,
III. 487. His memoirs by Baroness Bunsen,
439, 1 be. His sons, ib.
BUNSEN, Eobert Wilhelm, German chemist,
III. 439. His air suction pump, I. 221, 1 b
(ill.); blast lamp, II. 750, 1 a: ice calorime
ter, VIII. 574, 1 be (ill.) ; burner, VII. 255,
1 b (ill.) ; galvanic battery, 591, 1 be; siphon
barometer, 653, 2 b ; photometer, XIII. 473,
2c.
Bunt, fungus, VII. 528, 2 a; 531, 1 b; 532,
2 b ; XVI. 223, 1 b.
[ BUNTING, bird, III. 439. Black-throated bun
ting, 2 c (ill.). Snow bunting, 440, 1 b.
Lark bunting, ib. (ill.).
BUNTING, Jabez, English clergyman, III. 440.
BUNTZLAU : see BUNZLAU.
BUXYAN, John, English preacher and author,
III. 440. "Pilgrim s Progress," 441, 1 c.
See DOUGLAS, Gawin, VI. 225, 1 b.
Bunyan meeting house, in Bedford, Eng., II.
448, 1 be.
BUNZLAU [boonts -low], town of Prussia, III.
441. Town of Bohemia : see JuxG-BuNZLAu.
BuoL-SciiAUENSTEix, Karl Ferdinand, count von
[boo -ole-show -en-stine], Austrian states
man, III. 441 ; II. 147, 1 c.
Buonaccorsi, Pietro [bo-nak-kor -se], painter :
see VAGA, Perino del.
BUONAFEDE, Appiano [bo-na-fii -da], Italian
philosopher, III. 441.
BUONAROTTI, Filippo [bo-na-rot -te], French
revolutionist, III. 442; II. 182, 1 b.
BUOXAROTTI (more correctly, Buonarroti),
Michel Angelo, Italian painter, sculptor, and
architect, III. 442. Michel Angelo, poet,
443, 2 c.
Buonarenturi, Pietro [bo-na-ven-too -re], lover
of Bianca Capello, III. 749, 1 c.
Buoncampagni, Ugo [boo-oan-kam-pa -nye],
(Pope Gregory XIII.), VIII. 245, 1 a.
BUOXOXCIXI : see BOXOXCIXI.
Buoys [bwoiz], floating danger signals, X. 458,
1 c; 462, 1 c.
BU PALUS, Greek sculptor, III. 444.
BU PHAGA, a genus of birds : see OXPECKER,
XII. 768, 1 c. B. Africana, 2 a (ill.). B.
erythrorhyncha, 2 ab.
Buppo [boop -po], Japanese for Buddhism, IX.
537, 2 c.
Bupres tis (entomology), II. 476, 2 ab.
Buran [boo-ran J, a wind, XIV. 478, 2 c.
Buranello : see GALUPPI, Baldassare.
BURANO [boo-ra -no], island near Venice, III.
444.
BURBADGE
BURKSVILLE
139
Burbadge : see BURBAGE.
BURBAGE, Richard, English actor, III. 444.
BURBOT, fish, III. 444. European, 1 c (ill.);
spotted, 2 a ; eel pout, ib.
BURCKIIARDT, Joliann Karl [boork -hart], Ger
man astronomer, III. 444.
BURCKHARDT, Johann Ludwig, Swiss traveller,
III. 444.
Bur clover, X. 703, 2 atx
BURDACH, Karl Friedrich [boor -da k h], German
physiologist, III. 445.
BUR DEKIN, river of Australia, III. 445.
BURDEN, Henry, American inventor, III. 445.
Machine for making horse shoes, VIII. 831, 2
a. Rotary squeezer, referred to, IX. 401, 1 ab.
BURDER, George, English clergyman, III. 445.
BURDETT , Sir Francis, English politician, III.
445. Angela Georgina: see BURDETT-COUTTS.
BuRDETT-CouTTs [-koots], Angela Georgina,
baroness, English philanthropist, III. 446.
Burdig ala, ancient town : see BORDEAUX.
BUBDWAN , city of Ilindostan, III. 440.
BUREAU [bu -ro], county, III. 440.
Bureau of education, in the United States,
V. 159, 2 c ; VI. 427, 1 c.
Burette , graduated test tube, IV. 501, 1 c;
XIII. 758, 1 ab.
BURG- [boorg], name of two Prussian towns,
III. 446.
BURG, Johann Tobias [burg], German astrono
mer, III. 446.
BURGDORF [boorg -dorf ], town of Switzerland,
III. 447.
Burgee , flag, in naval signals, XV. 35, 2 b,
BURGER, Gottfried August [biir -gher], German
poet, III. 447.
BURGES, Tristam [bur -jess], American states
man, III. 447.
BURGESS, George, American bishop, III. 447.
BURGESS, Thomas, English bishop, III. 448.
Burgesses of Oxford, XII. 701, 2 b.
BURGII, James, Scottish writer, III. 448.
Burr/her and Anti-Burglier synods, in the Scot
tish Presbyterian church, XIII. 811, 1 c.
BURGHLEY, Lord : see BURLEIGII.
Bilrgi, Jobst [bur -ghe] : see BYRGIUS, Justus.
Burglar alarms, I. 238, 2 a.
BURGLARY, III. 448.
Burgomaster, bird, VIII. 318, 2 c.
BURGOS [boor -goce], province of Spain, III.
448. Capital city, 449, 1 a (ill.).
BURGOYNE, John [bur-goin j, English general,
III. 450. Sir John Fox, general, 1 c. Hugh
Talbot, naval officer, 2 b.
BURGSCHMIET, Jakob Daniel [boorg -shmeet],
German sculptor, III. 450.
Burgundia, Little, a former division of Switz
erland, XV. 529, 2 a.
BURGUN DIANS, ancient German race, III. 450.
Burgundians and Orleanists, French political
parties, IV. 280, 1 b.
Burgundii : see BURGUNDIANS.
BUE GUNDY, III. 451. First kingdom of, 1 a.
Cisjurane and Transjurane, 1 b. Duchy
of : first ducal house, 2 a ; second ducal
house, 2 b. Province of, 2 c.
Burgundy, palatine county of, VII. 415, 1 b.
Burgundy pitch, XIII. 547, 1 a.
BUEGUNDY WINES: see FRANCE, Wines of,
VII. 412, 2 c, ff.
Burliaunpoor : see BOORIIANPOOR.
Buri, in Norse mythology, XII. 119, 2 b.
BURIAL, III. 452. Mummification, 2 a. An
cient Egyptian funeral procession (ill.), ib.
Greek funeral urns, 2 a (ill.) ; Roman, 453,
1 c (ill., 452). Roman funeral rites, 453,
1 a ; XIII. 780, 2 a. Columbaria, III. 453,
2 a (ill.). Aboriginal burial, 2 b (ill.). Fune
ral wake, 454, 1 a. Burying alive, 1 be ; pre
cautions against, ib. ; mortuary houses, 2 c.
BU RIATS, Mongolian tribes, III. 455 ; XI. 747,
1 b.
BURIDAN, Jean [bu-re-da ng ], French philoso
pher, III. 455. Buridan s ass, 1 c.
BURIGNY, Jean L6vesque de [la-vaik duh bti-
re-nye], French author, III. 455.
BURKE, two counties, III. 455.
BURKE, /Edanus, American jurist, III. 455.
Burke, Col, Fenian leader, VII. 129, 2 a.
BURKE, Edmund, English statesman, III. 455.
His course in parliament in relation to the
American stamp act, 456, 2 a. Appointed
agent of New York, 2 be. Speech on Amer
ican taxation, 2 c. Labors on East Indian
affairs, 457, 1 b. Impeachment of Warren
Hastings, ib. Rupture with Fox, 1 c. Char
acterization, 2 ab. His works and biogra
phies, 2 b.
BURKE, Sir John Bernard, English genealogist,
III. 457.
Burke s Peerage and Baronet
age," 2 c
BURKE, John Doly, American historian, III. 458.
BURKE, Robert O Hara, Australian explorer,
III. 458.
BURKE, Thomas Nicholas, Irish Dominican
preacher, III. 458.
BUR KEL, Heinrich, German painter, III. 458.
Burks-cille, county seat, V. 567, 1 a.
140
BURLAMAQUI
BURRHUS
BUKLAMAQUI, Jean Jacques [bur-la-ma-ke],
Swiss writer on law, III. 458.
BURLEIGH, William Cecil, lord [bur -le], Eng
lish statesman. III. 459.
BURLEIGH, William Henry, American author
and journalist, III. 459. George S., poet,
and Charles C., lecturer, 2 ab.
Burleigh drill, II. 700, 1 c (ill.); III. 100, 1 a.
Burler, a dresser of cloth, XVI. 719, 1 c.
BUE LESOX, county, III. 459.
Burling, in woollen manufacture, XVI. 719, 1 c.
Burlingame, county seat, XII. 714, 1 b.
BUR LIXGAME, Anson, American diplomatist,
III. 459.
BURLIXGTOX, county, III. 460.
BURLIXGTOX, city of Vermont, III. 400.
BURLIXGTOX, city of Xew Jersey, III. 461.
BUELIXGTOX, city of Iowa, III. 461.
Burlington, county seat, III. 82, 2 ab.
Burlington, England : see BRIDLIXGTOX.
BURLIXGTOX, Richard Boyle, earl of, English
architect, III. 462.
Burlington house, London, X. 606, 1 ab.
BURMAH, kingdom of Asia, III. 462. Physical
features, 1 c. Productions, 2 c. Fauna, 463,
1 ab. Minerals, 463, 1 c ; petroleum wells,
2 a. Climate, 2 b. Manufactures and com
merce, 2 be. Taxation, 464, 1 b. Army,
1 c. Government, 2 a. People, 464, 2 c (ill.,
465). Language, 465, 1 c, and IX. 253, 2 c.
Religion, III. 465, 2 c. History, 466, 1 b.
BURMAII, British, III. 466.
BURMAXX, Franciscus [bur -man], Dutch Bible
commentator, III. 468. Pieter, scholar (two),
1 a and c.
Burmantofts, England, industrial school at,
X. 312, 1 ab.
BURMEISTER, Hermann [boor -mice-ter], Ger
man naturalist, III. 468. His classification
of birds, XII. 708, 1 b; of insects, VI. 661, 2 a.
Burmese, race, III. 464, 2 c (ill.) ; IX. 252, 2 c.
Burmese language, III. 465, 1 c ; literature, 2 be.
BURXAP, George Washington, American clergy
man, III. 468.
BURXES, Sir Alexander, British geographer and
diplomatist, III. 468. Lieut. Charles, 469, 1 b.
BURXET, county, III. 469.
Burnet, county seat, II. 469, 1 c.
BURXET, Gilbert, English bishop and author,
III. 469.
BURXET, James : see MOXBODDO.
BURXET, John, Scottish engraver and painter,
III. 470.
BURXET, Thomas, English author, III. 470.
BURXETT, county, III. 470.
BURXETT, Waldo Irving, American naturalist
and microscopist, III. 470.
Burnett, Sir William, his disinfecting fluid,
I. 571, 2 a; VI. 134, 2 be. His process for
preserving wood, XIII. 825, 1 be.
Burnettizing, process for preserving wood,
XIII. 825, 1 be,
BURXEY, Charles, English musician and histo
rian of music, III. 471. Frances: see AR-
BLAY, Madame d . Sarah Harriet, novelist,
1 c. James, naval officer, ib. Charles, D. D.,
classical scholar, 2 a.
Burning fluid, III. 667, 2 b; X. 130, 1 b.
BURXIXG GLASS AXD BURXIXG MIRROR, III. 471.
Burning-in, in glass painting, VIII. 27, 1 a.
Burning mountain, Australia, III. 290, 2 c.
BURXLEY, town of England, III. 471.
BURXOUF, Eugene [biir-noofj, French oriental
ist, III. 472. His work on the cuneiform in
scriptions, 1 c ; V. 572, 1 c. Jean Louis,
philologist, III. 472, 1 ab. Emile Louis,
scholar, 2 a.
Burns, Anthony, fugitive slave, VIII. 722, 1 b.
BURXS, Robert, Scottish poet, III. 472. Rob
ert, Gaelic scholar, 473; 1 c. William, colo
nel, ib.
BURXS AXD SCALDS, III. 473. How to act in
case of, 474, 1 b. Treatment of, 2 a.
BURXSIDE, Ambrose Everett, American sol
dier, III. 474. See FREDERICKSBURG, Bat
tle of.
Burnsville, county seat, XVI. 770, 1 a.
BUROW, Julie [boo -ro], German novelist, III.
475.
BURR, Aaron, American clergyman, III. 475.
Aaron, third vice president of the United
States, 1 b. His duel with Hamilton, VIII.
419, 2 b. His intrigues with Blennerhassett,
II. 709, 2 ab. Guest of Gen. Jackson, IX.
487, 2 c ; denounced by him to the govern
ment, 488, 1 a. Prosecuted for levying war
against a friendly nation, V. 709, 2 a. His
trial for treason, III. 476, 1 c. His acquain
tance with Bentham, II. 537, 1 b.
Burr, bridge architect, his plan for wooden
bridges, III. 273, 1 a.
Burr of the deer, V. 756, 2 b.
Burra-Burra copper mine, South Australia,
XV. 190, 1 c.
BUERAMPOOR , town of British India, III. 476.
BURRAMPOOTER : S66 BRAHMAPOOTRA.
BURRHUS, Afranius, Roman commander, III.
476.
BURRILL
BUTE
141
BURRILL, James, American jurist, III. 477.
BUEKITT, Elihu, American scholar and reform
er, III. 477.
BURROUGHS, George [bur -roze], American cler
gyman, executed for witchcraft, III. 477.
BURROUGHS, Stephen, American adventurer,
III. 477.
BURROUGHS, William, American naval officer,
III. 477.
Burrun [boor-roon ], town of India, III. 81, 2 a.
Burrus: see BURRIIUS.
Bursaries, university scholarships, VI. 407, 1 b.
BURSCHEID [boor -shite], town of Prussia, III.
477.
BURSCHEXSCHAFT [boor -shen-shaft], associa
tion of German students, III. 477. Declared
illegal by the Carlsbad congress, 795, 1 a.
Decrees rescinded by the German diet, ib.
Bursera cece (botany), XII. Ill, 2 b.
BURS LEM, parish and town of England, III.
478.
Bursting ground, in aquatint engraving, VI.
653, 1 c.
BURT, county, III. 478.
BURTOX, John Hill, Scottish author, III. 478.
BURTOX, Richard Francis, British explorer and
author, III. 478. Discovery of Lake Tan
ganyika, I. 107, 1 a. Visit to Ilarar, VIII.
451, 1 a.
BURTOX, Robert, English clergyman, III. 479.
His "Anatomy of Melancholy," 1 c.
BURTOX, William Evans, English actor, III. 479.
BURTOX-UPOX-TREXT, town of England, III.
479. Abbey of Burton, 480, 1 a.
BURTSCHEID [boort -shite], town of Prussia,
III. 480.
BURY [ber -e], town of England, III. 480.
BURY, Ange Henri Blaze de [blaz dull bli-re],
French author, III. 480. Marie Pauline Rose
Stuart, writer, 2 b.
BURY ST. EDMUND S, town of England, III. 480.
Norman tower and abbey, 481, 1 b (ill.).
Burying ahce, prevention of, III. 454, 1 c ; IX.
31, 2 c.
Bus, Cesar de [duh bus], French priest, a foun
der of religious orders, III. 481.
Busacchino [boo-zak-ke -no] : see BISACQUIXO.
Busaireh [boo-si -ra], town, supposed site of
Bozrah of Edom, III. 175, 2 a.
BUSBE QUIUS, Augerius Gislenitis. Flemish schol
ar and statesman, III. 481.
BUSCA [boos -ka], town of Piedmont, III. 481.
Biiscn, Joharm Georg [bush], German philan
thropist and statistician, III. 482.
BiiscniXG, Anton Friedrich, German geogra
pher, III. 482.
BUSCHMAXX, JobannKarl Eduard [boosh -man],
German philologist, III. 482.
Buseclc [boo -zekj, last prince-bishop of Bam-
berg, II. 200, 2 c.
BUSEMBAUM, Hermann [boo -zem-bowm], Ger
man theologian, III. 482.
Bush, Dr., pseudonyme of David Bushnell, III.
484, 2 a.
BUSH, George, American theologian and author,
III. 482 ; XVI. 203, 1 b.
Bush cranberry, fruit of Guelder rose, VIII.
295, 2 c.
BUSHEL, measure, III. 482. Imperial, 483, 1 a.
Winchester, ib. Of the state of New York,
1 ab.
Bmli goat, I. 545, 2 a.
Bush honeysuckle, XVI. 530, 2 c.
BUSHIRE [boo-sheer ], seaport of Persia, III.
483 (ill.).
Bushman dialect, I. 171, 1 b ; IX. 9, 2 ab. Its
sounds, III. 483, 2 c.
Bushman s clock, II. 130, 2 c.
BUSHMEN, tribe of S. Africa, III. 483 (ill., 484).
Origin of the name, 1. 109, 1 c. Great Bush
man Land, III. 483, 2 c.
BUSIINELL, David, American inventor, III. 484.
BUSIIXELL, Horace, American clergyman and
author, III. 484. (Died 1870.)
Bush rangers, escaped convicts in Tasmania,
XV. 579, 2 c.
Buska, snake, XL 840, 1 a.
BUS SEY, Benjamin, merchant of Boston, III.
484. School of agriculture and horticulture
at Harvard founded by him, VIII. 499, 2 b.
Bussone, Francesco [boos-so -nii] : see CARMA-
GXOLA.
Bussu [boos-soo ], Brazilian palm, III. 224, 1 b.
BUSSY D AMBOISE, Louis de Clermont de [bu-
se da ng -bwaz], French cavalier, prominent in
the St. Bartholomew massacre, III. 484.
BUSTAMANTE, Anastasio [boos-ta-man -ta], pres
ident of Mexico, III. 485.
BUS TARD, bird, III. 485. Great bustard, 2 a
(ill.). Little bustard, 2 c (ill., 480). Black-
headed and other species, 486, 1 b, ff. Aus
tralian bustard, 2 ab (ill.).
Buta lis ccrcalel la, Angoumois grain moth,
XVI. 589, 1 c.
Butanleuvu [boo-tan-la-oo -voo], a native name
of the Biobio, II. 040, 2 a.
BUTCHER BIRD, III. 486 ; ill., 487.
BUTE, island of Scotland, III. 487.
142
BUTE
BUTTRICK
BUTE, John Stuart, third earl of, British states
man, III. 487. John Patrick Crichton Stu
art, third marquis of, 488, 1 b.
Butea gum [boo -tfi-a], X. 13, 1 a.
Bu teo (ornithology), III. 50G, 1 a. B. borealis,
1 ab. B. lineatus, 1 be. B. hyemalis, 1 c.
B. elegans, ib. B. Pennsylvanicus, ib. B.
vulgaris, 2 b (ill.).
BUTE SHIRE, county of Scotland, III. 488.
Buteux, Father Jacques [bu-tuh], French mis
sionary, II. 95, 1 b.
Buti, Lucrezia [boo -te], mistress of Fra Filippo
Lippi, X. 518, 1 ab.
Butilli-Prignano, Bartolommeo [boo-teel -le-
pre-nya -no], (Pope Urban VI.), XVI. 221, 2 c.
BUTLER, eight counties, III. 488.
Butler, county seats, II. 381, 1 a ; III. 488, 2 a;
IV. 506, 2 b.
BUTLER, Alban, English theologian and author,
III. 489.
BUTLER, Andrew Pickens, American senator,
III. 489. His report on the fugitive slave
law, 1 c. His last speech, indirectly leading
to the assault on Mr. Sumner, 2 a.
BUTLER, Benjamin Franklin, lawyer and poli
tician of Xew York, III. 489.
BUTLER, Benjamin Franklin, lawyer and poli
tician of Massachusetts, III. 489.
BUTLER, Charles, English historian and lawyer,
III. 490.
Butler, Frances Anne (Fanny Ivemble), IX.
784, 2 b.
BUTLER, James, duke of Ormond : see ORMOND.
BUTLER, James, American soldier of the revo
lution, III. 490.
BUTLER, John, tory leader in the revolution,
III. 400. Rewarded by the British govern
ment, 2 c.
BCTLER, Joseph, English theologian, III. 490.
BUTLER, Samuel, English satirical poet, III. 491.
BUTLER, Samuel, English bishop and philolo
gist, III. 491.
BUTLER, Walter, Irish soldier of fortune, III. 491.
BUTLER, William, American soldier, III. 492.
BUTLER, William, American clergyman and
missionary, III. 492.
BUTLER, William Allen, American lawyer and
poet, III. 492.
BUTLER, William Orlando, American soldier
and politician, III. 492.
Butoridcs mrqs cens [bu-tor -e-deez], (ornithol
ogy), IF. 070, 2 a (ill.).
BUTT, Isaac, Irish lawyer, politician, and author,
III. 492.
Buttarga, roe of mullet, VII. 229, 1 a. See
Botargo (Index).
BUTTE [bute], county, III. 493.
Butte Mortemart [but mort-marl, in the Bois
de Boulogne, III. 154, 1 b.
BUTTER, III. 493. Making of, 2 ab ; I. 317,
1 b. Butter factories, III. 494, 1 a. Grain
in butter, 1 c. Clouting, 2 c. Ure s direc
tions for curing butter, 495, 1 a. Oldest
mention of it, 1 ab. Production of in the
United States, 2 a.
Butter, vegetable, XII. 739, 1 a.
Butter birds, II. 767, 1 be.
Buttercup, plant, XIV. 202, 2 be.
"Butter and egg," daffodil, XII. 145, 2 ab.
BUTTERFIELD, William, English architect, III.
495.
Butter fish, II. 710, 2 b.
BUTTERFLY, III. 495. General description, 1 c.
Metamorphoses, 496, 2 a. Papilio asterias,
497, 2 a (ill.). Parnassius Apollo, 498, 1 a
(ill.). Peacock butterfly, 499, 1 a (ill.). An-
tiopa butterfly, 1 c (ill.)- Semicolon butter
fly, 2 b. Coppers, 500, 1 c. Skippers, ib.
(ill.). Strength of the butterfly s wings,
IX. 313, 1 c. White butterfly (turnip or pot
herb fly), XVI. 76, 1 c (ill.). The butterfly
as an emblem, III. 501, 1 a. See PSYCHE,
beginning and end of the article.
Butterfly fish, II. 710, 1 c (ill.).
Butterfly weed, XL 546, 1 c.
Buttermilk channel Xew York bay, III. 317, 2 b.
BUTTERNUT, tree, III. 501 (ill.).
BUTTERS, in chemistry, III. 501.
BUTTER TREE, III. 501. Indian butter tree,
2 c ; African, 502, 2 a (ill.).
Butterweed, VII. 266, 1 ab.
Buttenrort, plant, XIII. 530, 1 c (ill.).
BUTTES [but], village of Switzerland, III. 502.
BumsiiOLZ [boot -is-holts], village of Switzer
land, III. 502.
BUTTMANN, Philipp Karl [boot -man], German
philologist, III. 502.
BUTTON, III. 502. Gilt buttons, 2 b ; covered,
503, 1 a ; self-fastening, 2 b ; of vegetable
ivory, 2 c.
BUTTON, Sir Thomas, English navigator, III. 503.
Buttonball, tree, XIII. 572, 1 ab. Button-
balls, 2 a.
BUTTONWOOD: see PLANE TREE, XIII. 572, 1 a, be.
Buttress, in Gothic architecture, I. 663, 2 c.
Flying buttress, ib., and 664, 1 b (ill.).
Buttri-ch, Major John, revolutionary soldier,
V. 206, 2 c, 207, 1 a (CONCORD).
BUTTS
BZOV1US
143
BUTTS, county, III. 504.
Butuntum, ancient town: see BITOXTO.
BUTUELIX, Dmitri Petrovitch [boo-toor-lin j,
Russian military writer, III. 504.
BUTY RIC ACID, III. 504. Production of from
milk, X. 88, 1 a. Use of for adulterations,
VI. 734, 1 a.
BUTZOW [but -so], town of Germany, III. 504.
BUXIIOWDEX, Friedrich "Wilhelin, count von
[boox -ho-den], Russian general, III. 504.
BUXTOX, town of England, 111. 504. Buxton
diamonds, 2 c.
BUXTON, Jedidiah, English calculator, III. 504.
BUXTOX, Sir Thomas Fowell, British legislator
and philanthropist, III. 505. Charles, wri
ter, 2 a.
BUXTORF, Johann [boox -torf ], German Hebra
ist, III. 505. Johann, Hebraist, 2 b.
Buxus (botany), III. 169, 2 ab. B. sempcrvi- j
rens, 2 c. B. Balearica, 170, 1 b.
Buyer s option, in stock dealings, XV. 388, 1 c.
Buys-Ballot [boice-bal -lot], inventor of the
aeroklinoscope, I. 143, 1 c. His meteorolo
gical investigations and services, II. 329,
Ib; IX. 82, 1 b; XV. 405, 2 c.
BUYUKDEREII [boo-yook-da-ra J, village of Euro
pean Turkey, III. 505 (ill.).
BUZZARD, bird, III. 50(5. European, 2 b (ill.).
Black hawk, 507, 1 a (ill., 500).
BUZZARD S BAY, Massachusetts, III. 507.
Bylloemens [Dutch, bl -bloo-mens], class of
tulips, XVI. 26, 2 a.
BYLES, Mather, American clergyman and wit, I
III. 507.
Bylot bay : see BAFFIN BAY.
BYNO, John, English admiral, III. 507.
BYNKERSHOEK, Cornelis van [bine -kers-hook],
Dutch jurist, III. 507.
BYRD, William, American lawyer, III. 507.
Byrd, William, English composer: see BIRDE.
BYRGIUS, Justus [beer -ghe-oos], Swiss inven
tor, III. 507.
BYROM, John, English poet, III. 508.
Byron, Augusta (Mrs. Leigh), half sister of the
poet, III. 508, 1 b; 510, 1 b.
Byron, Catharine Gordon, mother of the poet,
III. 508, 1 b; 509, 1 c.
BYROX, George Gordon, lord, English poet,
III. 508. Marriage, 510, 1 a. Separation
from his wife, and the alleged ground, 1 b.
Popular indignation against him, 1 c; aban
dons his country, 2 a. Relations with the
countess Guiccioli, 2 c. Joins the insurgent
Greeks, 511, 2 b. His death, 2 c. Ills body
refused interment in Westminster abbey, il.
Characterization, 512, 1 b. Anne Isabella
Milbanke, his wife, 509, 2 c; 512, 1 c. Ada
Augusta, his daughter, 2 a.
BYROX, Henry James, English playwright, III.
512.
BYROX, John, English admiral, III. 512.
Byron, John ("mad Jack Byron"), father of
the poet, III. 508, 1 b.
Byron, William, lord, great-uncle of the poet,
III. 508, 1 c, 2 c.
Byron s lay, VIII. 729, 2 be.
Byssa, citadel of Carthage, IV. 39, 1 be.
BYSSUS, filaments of mollusks, III. 513 ; XL
721, 2 c. Byssus of the ancients, line flax
or cotton. III. 513, 1 b; VI. 529, 1 be; X.
504, 2 a.
BYSTROM, Johan Nils [be -strom], Swedish
sculptor, III. 513.
BYTOWX: see OTTAWA, city of Canada.
Byzace na, ancient political division of Africa,
XVI. 31, 1 c.
Byz antine antiquities in Norway, XII. 498,
2 ab.
Byzantine architecture, I. 661, 1 b, 2 a ; mo
saics, XL 857, 1 c ; style of painting, XII.
796, 1 c.
BYZAXTIXE EMPIRE, III. 513. Its extent, 2 a.
History, 2 b, ff. Image controversy and
iconoclasm, 515, 1 b, c, 2 b. The Latin em
pire established by the crusaders, 517, 1 a ;
overthrown, 2 a. Conquests of the Turks,
2 b ; Constantinople taken by them, 518, 1 c.
Administrative government, 2 a.
BYZAXTIXE HISTORIAXS, III. 518.
Byzantine text of the New Testament, II. 611,
2 b.
BYZANTIUM [be-zan -she-um], ancient city, III.
519.
Bzo vius, Abraham, Polish scholar, III. 520.
L I r, l; A . .
l| UN i v !: us IT Y <>K
CALIFS , NIA.
144
OACCABIS
c
C, a letter, III. 520. Derivation, 1 ab. Its
office in the early Latin, 1 b. Pronunciation
and phonetic changes, 1 be. As a numeral
and an abbreviation, 2 be. On French coins,
2 c. In music, ib.
CAABA : see MECCA, XL 314, 2 c.
Cab, of a locomotive, XV. 338, 2 ab.
CABAL , III. 520. The cabal ministry, 521, 1 a;
II. 529, 2 c; VI. 026, 1 be; XIV. 808, 2 b.
CAB ALA, III. 521. Fundamental ideas of the
theosophic cabalism, 1 c. Cabalistic inter
pretation of the Hebrew Scriptures, 2 be.
See XIII. 440, 1 a.
Cabalists : see CABALA. Bible of the cabalists, !
III. 521, 1 be. Their doctrine of metem- !
psychosis, XI. 429, 1 c.
Caballero, Fernan [ka-ba-lya -ro] : see BOIIL
FABER.
Cdbal lica Provin cia, ancient district : see |
CHABLAIS.
Caballicus Ager, ancient district: see CHA
BLAIS.
Caballi mim, ancient town: see CIIALOX-SUR-
SAOXE.
CABAXEL, Alexandra [ka-ba-nel], French paint
er, III. 522.
CABAXIS, Pierre Jean George [ka-ba- neece],
French physician and philosopher, II L 522.
Cabanis (Jean Louis)^ German naturalist, his
classification of birds, XII. 708, 1 b.
CABAR RUS, county, III. 522.
CABAERUS, Francisco de, count [ka-ba-riis],
Spanish financier, III. 523.
CABAT, Nicolas Louis [ka-ba], French land
scape painter, III. 523.
CABBAGE, III. 523. Leaf and flowers (ill.),
2 b. Cultivation, 2 c.
CABBAGE PALM, III. 524 (ill.).
CABEQA DE VACA [ka-ba -sa da va -ka] : see
NUX-EZ, Alvar.
CABEL, Marie Joseph e [ka-bel], Belgian singer,
III. 524.
CAB ELL, county, III. 524.
Cabellio, ancient town : see CAVAILLOX.
CABES, Gulf of [ka -bess], III. 524. See SYRTIS
MAJOR.
CABET, fitienne [ka-ba], French communist,
III. 524 ; XII. 178, 1 a.
Cdbillo num, ancient town : see CIIALOX-SUK-
SAOXE.
CABIX DA, seaport of Lower Guinea, III. 525. I
CABIXET, executive council, III. 525. In Great)
Britain, 1 b. In the United States, 2 c.
Origin of this meaning of the word, VI.
626, 1 b.
CABI EI, heathen divinities, III. 526.
CABLE, III. 526. Cable s length, 2 c. Hemp
en cables, ib. Chain cables, 527, 1 ab.
Forms of links, 1 b (ill.). Bolt and shackle,
2 c (ill.). Manufacture, 528, 1 a.
CaJ)occcrs, African chiefs, VII. 82, 1 a.
CABOCIIE, Simonet [ka-bush], leader of a French
faction, III. 528.
Cdtochians [ka-bo-she-ans] : see CABOCIIE.
Cabomba Caroliniana (botany), XVI. 508, 1 c.
CABOOL , division of Afghanistan, III. 528.
Capital, 2 b (ill). Proceedings of the Eng
lish at, I. 161, 1 c; their expulsion, 2 b;
their retaliation, 162, 1 a.
CAB OT, George, American senator, III. 529.
CABOT, John, discoverer of the continent of
North America, III. 529; XVI. 149, 2 c.
Sebastian, cosmographer and discoverer, III.
530, 1 c ; XVI. 149, 2 c. Discoveries of the
Cabots, I. 392, 2 b ; 668, 1 c ; X. 73, 2 b.
Cabot, J. Eliot, assistant of Agassiz, I. 176,
2 be.
Cab oto, Giovanni: see CABOT, John.
Cabo Tormentoso, cape, VII. 604, 2 a.
CABOTVILLE : see CIIICOPEE.
CABRA [ka -bra], town of Spain, III. 531.
CABRAL, Francisco [ka-bral l, Portuguese mis
sionary, III. 531.
CABRAL, Pedro Alvarez de, Portuguese navi
gator, III. 531 ; 231, 1 a.
CABRERA, Ramon [ka-bra -ra], count of Morella,
Spanish general, III. 531. (Died 1876.)
Cfilul [ka-bool J : see CABOOL.
CACA O [Sp. ka-kow j, tree, III. 531; ill., 532.
Cacaliuamilpa [ka-ka-wa-meel -pa], cave of, in
Mexico, XI. 825, 2 a.
Cacajao [Port, ka-ka-zhow ], monkey, XL 751,
2 c (ill.).
Cacasu [ka-ka-soo J, fish, IV. 754, 2 b.
Cacatu a (ornithology), IV. 784, 1 b. C.
Leadbeateri, 1 c (ill.). C. sulphurea, ib.
C. Philippinarum, 2 b.
Cacatui ncB (ornithology), IV. 784, 1 a.
Cac calis (ornithology), XIII. 142, 2 b. C. rufa
ib. (ill.). C. Grseca, 143, 1 a.
ClCERES
145
CACERES [ka -tha-race], province of Spain, III.
532. Capital city, 2 b.
CACHALOT [kasli -a-lot], XVI. 581, 1 b (WHALE) ;
III. TOT, 2 be.
CACHE [kash], county, III. 532.
Caehemires-Ternaux [kash-meer-tair-no], imi
tation of Indian shawls, XV. 060, 1 ab.
CACHET, Lettres de [letr dull ka-shal, French
royal warrants, III. 532.
CACIIEXIA [ka-kex -e-a], in medicine, III. 533.
Exophthalmic cachexia (heart disease), VIII.
506, 2 b.
Cacholong [kak -o-long], variety of opal, XII.
042, 1 b.
Cacodyle : see KAKODYLE.
CACTUS, genus of plants, III. 533. C. melo-
cactus, 2 be (ill.). C. flagclliformis, 534,
1 be (ill., 533). C. grand! floras, 534, 1 a.
C. Opuntia, 2 a (ill.). C. tuna, 2 b (ill.).
C. cochinillifer, ib. (ill.).
Cacumazin: see CAMINATZIN.
CA CUS, legendary giant, III. 534.
CADAHALSO, Jose de [ka-da-al -so], Spanish
author, III. 534.
Cadalao, Pietro [ka-da-low ], antipope as IIo-
norius IL, VIII. 800, 2 a.
Cadalo us : see Cadalao (Index).
Cadalso : see CADAHALSO.
Cad alus : see Cadalao (Index).
CADAMOS TO, or Ca da Mosto, Luigi, Italian
navigator, III. 535.
Cadaveric rigidity, I. 519, 2 b.
CADDIS FLY, neuropterous insect, III. 535.
Caddis worm, XI. 302, 1 a (MAYFLY).
CADDO, parish of Louisiana, III. 535.
CADDOES, Indian tribe, III. 535.
CADE, John, English insurgent, III. 535.
CA DELL, Robert, Scottish bookseller, III. 535.
Cadency, marks of, in heraldry, VIII. 6T3,
2 be, c.
Cade nus, a pseudonyme of Swift, XV. 522, 1 c.
Cad er Id ris, mountain of Wales, XL 408, 2 c ;
XVI. 425, 2 c.
CADES, Giuseppe [ka -dess], Italian painter,
III. 535.
Cadesia, battle of, between Persians and Arabs,
XVI. T85, 2 a.
CADET DE VAUX, Antoine Alexis Francois [ka-
da duh vo], French chemist, III. 536.
Cadet s fuming liquor, IX. 733, 2 b.
CADI [ka -do or ka -de], Moslem magistrate,
III. 536.
CADILLAC, Antoine de la Mothe [la mote ka-de-
lyak], French explorer, III. 536 ; II. 629, 2 b.
10
CA DIZ [Sp. ka -^Aeeth], province of Spain, III.
536. Capital city, 2 a. Alameda of Cadiz
(ill.), 2 c.
Cadiz, county seats, VIII. 481, 2 be; XV. 865,
1 a.
Cadme a, ancient city, and the citadel of Thebes,
XV. 689, 1 c.
Cadme ans, primitive inhabitants of Thebes,
II. TT4, 2 c.
CAD MIA, mineral, III. 537. See ZINC, XVI.
817, 2 c; 818, 2 c.
CADMIUM, metal, III. 537. Salts of, 538, 1 c.
CADMUS, mythical king of Thebes, III. 538.
Cadodaquios : see CADDOES.
CADOUDAL, Georges [ka-doo-dal], leader of
Breton insurgents, III. 538; IV. 521, 1 a,
and be.
Cdducibran chiate amphibia, I. 437, 1 b.
Cadu ga : see COORG.
CADWALADEK, John, American soldier, III. 539.
Cadzow castle and forest, Scotland, VIII. 415,
1 c.
Cacllia Castra, ancient city, III. 532, 2 b.
CcBc dian, bishop : see DONATISTS, VI. 207, 2 b.
C^CILIAXS, order of batrachians, III. 539.
C^ECILIUS STATIUS, Roman comic poet, III. 539.
C^ CUM, in anatomy, III. 539.
C^EDMON [ked -mon], Anglo-Saxon poet, III.
539 ; I. 504, 2 c.
Ccelian hill, in Rome, XIV. 409, 1 ab.
C.ELIUS AURELIAXUS, physician, III. 539.
C.ELIUS Moxs : see ROME, XIV. 409, 1 ab.
CAEN [ka ng ], town of France, III. 539. Church
of St. Pierre, 2 c ; apsis of (ill.), 540, 1 b.
Caen stone, XIV. 600, 2 b.
Ccerebi na (ornithology), XV. 4T6, 2 c ; 477, 1 b.
Caer-Isc [ker-isk J : see EXETER, VII. 28, 2 a.
CAERLEON [ker-le -on], town of England, III.
540. Arthur s Round Table, 2 a (ill.).
CAERMARTHEX : see CARMARTHEN.
CAERNARVON : see CARNARVON.
Ccesalpinia: see BRAZIL WOOD.
C^ESALPI NUS, Andreas, Italian physician and
naturalist, III. 540; 132, 1 be (BOTANY).
Casar, title, VI. 585, 2 c.
C^E SAR, Caius Julius, Roman general and
statesman, III. 541. Suspected of complicity
in Catiline s conspiracy, 2 a. First triumvi
rate, 2 c. Wars in Gaul, 542, 1 a. Inva
sion of Britain, ib. Passage of the Rubicon,
1 c. Civil war, ib. Decision in favor of
Cleopatra against Ptolemy, ib. ; his son by
her, 543, 1 ab (see Ccesarion, Index). Pro
claimed dictator,. 542, 2 a; imperator, ib.
146
CAESAR
CAISSON
Conspiracy against him, 2 be. Assassinated,
543, 1 a. His character, 1 ab. His works,
1 b. Theories of his landing in Britain, I.
223, 1 a. His military system, I. 743, 1 c,
ff. Decree respecting physicians, XL 347,
1 b. His treatment of Varro, XVI. 269, 2 c.
CAESAR, Sir Julius, English jurist, III. 543.
His friendship for Lord Bacon, 2 c.
C^ESAEEA [ses-a-re -a], ancient city of Judea,
III. 544 ; ruins of (ill.), ib. ; ancient harbor
of, XIII. 5, 1 c. Ancient city of Cilicia,
III. 544, 1 b.
C&mrea Augusta, ancient city : see SAEA-
GOSSA, XIV. 627, 2 c, 628, 1 a.
CJESA EEAN SECTION, in obstetrics, III. 544 ;
XII. 570, 2 be.
Casare um, a church in Alexandria, scene of
Hypatia s murder, IX. 134, 2 c.
C&sa rians, or Cces 1 arines, seceding Franciscans,
VII. 425, 2 c,
Ccesarion, son of Julius Caesar by Cleopatra,
III. 543, 1 ab; IV. 668, 1 ab, 669, 1 b.
C&sarodu num, ancient city : see TOUES.
Ccesarom agus, ancient city : see BEAUVAIS.
CAESIUM, metal, III. 545. Discovery of, X.
15, 2 be.
C^ESIUS, Bassus, Roman poet, III. 545.
Caeta [ka-e -ta], ancient city : see GAETA.
CAF [kaf], legendary mountain range encir
cling the earth, III. 545.
Caffa: see KAFFA.
CAFFAEEL LI, Italian vocalist, III. 545.
CAFFAEELLI, Francois Marie Auguste, French
soldier, III. 545.
CAFFAEELLI DU FALGA, Louis Marie Joseph
Maximilien, French soldier and writer, III.
545.
Gaffeic acid, V. 15, 2 c.
CAFFEINE [kaf -fe-in], active principle in coffee,
III. 546.
Caffeone, volatile oil of coffee, V. 15, 2 c.
CAFFI, Ippolito [kaf-fe], Italian painter, III.
546.
CAFFEA EIA, country of Africa, III. 546. Zoo-
loo youths (ill.), ib. British Caffraria, 547, 2 a.
Caffres, III. 547, 1 a ; 743, 1 a ; VI. 757, 1 be.
Caff re dialect, I. 171, 1 be.
CAFFEISTAN : see KAFIEISTAN.
CAGAYAN [ka-ga-yan ] : see LUZON.
CAGAYAN SOOLOO, island of the Malay archi
pelago, III. 547.
CAGLI [ka -lye], town of Italy, III. 547.
CAGLIAEI [ka -lya-re], province of Sardinia,
III. 547. Capital city, 548, 1 a.
CAGLIAEI, Paolo (Paul Veronese), Italian paint
er, III. 548.
Cagliari, steamer, seizure and confiscation of,
VII. 135, 1 ab.
CAGLIOSTEO, Alessandro di, count [ka-lyoee -
tro], Italian charlatan, III. 548.
CAGNOLA, Luigi, marquis [ka-nyo -la], Italian
architect, III. 549.
CAGNOLI, Antonio, Italian mathematician, III.
549.
CAGOTS [ka-go], outcast race of France and
Spain, III. 549; IV. 116, 1 b.
CAHAGNET, Louis Alphonse [ka-a-nya], French
spiritualist, III. 550.
CAIIAW BA, river of Alabama, III. 550.
Cahawba, county seat, V. 643, 2 c.
CAHEN, Samuel [ka-a ng ], French Hebraist, III.
550.
CAHIN CA, drug, III. 550.
CAHOES [ka-or], town of France, III, 550.
Roman amphitheatre, 2 a (ill.).
Cahorsins, class of pawnbrokers, XIII. 197, 1 b.
Cahrocs, California Indians, X. 22, 1 b.
Cahuchu [ka-oo -choo], Indian name of caout
chouc, III. 734, 1 e.
Caiak, boat of the Esquimaux, VI. 730, 1 c.
CAI APHAS, Jewish high priest. III. 551.
Caiazzo [ka-yat -so] : see CA.IAZZO.
CAICOS [kl -koce], four of the Bahama islands,
III. 551.
CAILLE, Nicolas Louis de la : see LA CAILLE.
CAILLET, Guillaume [ka-ya], French insurgent :
see JACQUEEIE.
CAILLIAUD, Frederic [ka-yo], French traveller
and explorer, III. 551.
CAILLIE, Rene [ka-ya], French traveller, III. 551.
CAIN, eldest son of Adam, III. 551.
Cainca [ka-een -ka], plant : see CAHINCA.
CAIN ITES, sect, III. 551 : VIII. 54, 2 b.
A IEA [sa e-ra], French revolutionary song,
III. 551.
CALEB, James, Scottish agriculturist, III. 552.
CALEB, John, Scottish clergyman, III. 552.
Cairngorm , mountain, I. 22, 2 c; pebbles, ib.
Cairnes, J. E., XIII. 674, 1 a (POLITICAL ECON
OMY).
Cairns, mounds in Ireland, IX. 355, 1 a.
CAIEO [ki -ro], city, capital of Egypt, III. 552.
Modern street in (ill.), ib. Mosque of Tulun,
553, 1 b (ill.) ; of Mehemet Ali. 2 a (ill.).
CAIEO [ka -ro], city of Illinois, III. 554.
Caisse Lafarge [kase la-farzh], a French tontine,
XV. 797, 1 a.
CAIS SON [Fr. ka-so ng ], in architecture and engi-
CAISSONS
CALATRAVA
147
neering, III. 554. The ordinary caisson, 2 c.
Open or bottomless caissons, 555, 1 c. In
verted caissons, 2 b. Bush s caisson, 556,
1 a (ill.). Caisson of East river bridge, 557,
1 c (ill.).
Caissons, ammunition wagons, I. 429, 2 a.
CAITHNESS, county of Scotland, III. 558.
CAIUS [ka -yus], Roman general, III. 558.
Theologian and bishop, 1 c. Saint and
bishop of Rome, ib.
Caius, jurist : see GAITS.
GAITS, John, English physician, III. 558.
CAJAMARCA [ka- k ha-mar -ka], department of
Peru, III. 558. Capital city, 2 c. Antiqui
ties of, 559, 1 b.
CAJATAMBO [ka- k ha-tum -bo], town of Peru,
III. 559. Province, 1 c.
CAJAZZO [ka-yat -so], town of Italy, III. 559.
CAJ EPTT OIL, III. 559. Cajeput tree, ib. (ill.).
CAJETAX, Benedetto : see BONIFACE VIII.
Tommaso de Vio, cardinal, III. 560, 1 a.
Enrico (Sermaneto), cardinal, 1 b.
Cajetans : see TIIEATINES, XV. 685, 1 a.
Cajetanus: see CAJETAN.
Cake lake, coloring matter, X. 76, 1 be.
Qdkta denomination [sak -ta], in Brahrnanism,
IX. 229, 1 be.
CALABAR , part of the Guinea coast, III. 560.
CALABAR BEAN, III. 560 (ill.). As an anti-
spasmodic, I. 572, 1 c.
Cal abash, sweet, VIII. 149, 1 be (GEANADILLA).
CALABASH TREE, III. 560 (ill., 561).
CALABOZO [ka-la-bo -so], town of A 7 enezuela,
III. 561.
CALABRESE, II [ka-la-bra -za] : see PEETI, Mat-
tia.
CALA BRIA [Ital. ka-la -bre-a], southern part of
Italy, III. 561.
Calabria, ancient : see APTLIA, I. 608, 1 b,
and MESSAPIA.
Calabria Citeriore [che-ta-re-o -ra] : see Co-
SEXZA.
Calabria Ulterior e I. and II. [ool-ta-re-o -ra] :
see REGGIO DI CALABRIA, and CATANZARO.
Calabrians (Calabri), an Italic race, IX. 439,
1 c; XL 416, 1 b.
CALADITM (botany), III. 562. C. esculentum,
1 c (ill.).
Cala nas (ornithology), XIII. 506, 1 c. C. Ni-
cobarica, 2 a (ill.).
Calagur ris, ancient town : see CALAHORRA.
CALAHORRA [ka-la-oar -ra], town of Spain, III.
562.
CALAIS [kal -is], city of Maine, III. 562.
CALAIS [ka-la], town of France, III. 563.
Place d Armes, &c. (ill.), 2 a.
Calamagros tis arena ria (botany), XIV. 241,
1 be.
CALAMAN DEB WOOD, III. 563.
Cal am-ary, a name of the squid, XV. 294, 2 a.
CALAMAT TA, Luigi, Italian engraver, III. 563.
Josephine, painter, 564, 1 a.
CALAMBU CO, timber tree, III. 564.
CALAME, Alexandra [ka-lam], Swiss painter,
III. 564.
Gala! meat (botany), XIII. 18, 2 a.
CALAMIANES [ka-la-me-a -nace], group of the
Philippine islands, III. 564.
CALAMINE [kal -a-min or -mine], ore of zinc,
III. 564. Electric calamine, 2 b ; in phar
macy, ib. See Zixc, XVI. 817, 2 c; 818,
2 c ; 820, 1 b.
CALAMIS, Greek statuary, III. 565.
Calami ta Carolinen sis (zoology), XV. 854, 2 c.
CAL AMITES [generic, sing, and pi., kal-a-mi -
teez], fossil plants, III. 565 (ill.).
CALAMTS, III. 565. A reed used for writing,
1 c. Musical instrument, 2 b. Genus of
palms : see PALM, XIII. 18, 2 b. C. rotang,
2 c (ill.). C. Scipionum, 19, 1 ab. C. draco,
1 b ; II. 249, 2 a. The sweet flag, III. 565,
2 b (ill.).
CALAMY, Edmund, English clergyman, III. 565.
Edmund, D. D., 566, 1 a.
CALAN CHA, Frey Antonio de la, Peruvian wri
ter, III. 566.
C ALAND, Roman Catholic brotherhood, III. 566.
Calandra (entomology), II. 477, 2 b. C. grana-
ria, XVI. 535, 2 c. C. palmarum, 536, 1 be,
C. sacchari, I c.
Calandrin ia (botany), XIV. 96, 1 ab.
GALAS, Jean [ka-las], French Protestant mar
tyr, III. 566.
Calasanctius, St. Joseph: see Casalama (In
dex).
CALASCIBETTA [ka-la-she-bet -ta], town of Sici
ly, III. 566.
CALASIO, Mario de [ka-la -ze-o], Italian Hebra
ist, III. 566. His Hebrew concordance, 2 be.
Calasirii, Egyptian warrior caste, I. 737, 1 a.
CALATAFIMI [ka-la-ta-fe -me], town of Sicily,
III. 566. Battle of, 2 c.
CALATAGIRONE : see CALTAGIRONE.
CALATAYTD [ka-la-ta-yoo^ J, town of Spain,
III. 567.
CALATRAVA LA VIEJA [ka-la-tra -va la ve-a -
k ha], city of Spain, III. 567. Order of Cala-
trava, 1 b.
148
CALAVANCES
CALENDAR
Calavances, species of pea, IX. 512, 1 b.
CALAVERAS [kul-a-va -ras], county, III. 507.
CALAVEEAS, river of California, III. 567.
CAL CAE, Jan Stephan van, Flemish painter,
III. 567.
Calcareous alabaster, I. 234, 2 c.
Calcareous complaints, German wines a pre
ventive of, VII. 773, 1 ab.
Calcareous earths, their causticity discovered,
II. 674, 2 be.
CALCAREOUS SPAR, mineral, III. 507.
CALCAREOUS SPRINGS, III. 567. Calcareous
tufa, 568, 1 b.
CALCASIEU [kal -ka-shu], river of Louisiana,
III. 568.
CALCASIEU, parish of Louisiana, III. 568.
Calceamenta, ancient shoes, XIV. 873, 2 a.
Calcei lunati, ancient shoes, XIV. 873, 2 a.
Calceus, ancient shoe, XIV. 873, 1 c.
CALCHAS [kal -kas], legendary soothsayer. III.
508.
Calcification, in heart disease, VIII. 502, 2 b.
Calcite, crystal, V. 538, 2 c ; 540, 2 a ; 541, 1 b ;
XIV. 370, 1 be.
CALCIUM, metallic base of lime, III. 568. Ox
ide of, X. 477, 2 ab ; chloride of, 478, 1 b,
480, 1 ab; sulphide of, 1 c, XV. 150, 2 ab;
bisulphide of, X. 478, 2 a; pentasulphide of,
ib. ; phosphuret of, 2 b ; hypophosphite of,
2 c ; nitrate of, 479, 1 be.
Calcium light, III. 568, 2 c.
Calcopyrite, copper pyrites, XIV. 109, 1 c.
Calc spar, X. 481, 2 a. See CALCAREOUS SPAR.
Gale tuff, deposit of calcareous springs, III.
568, 1 b.
CALCULATING MACHINES, III. 568. Pascal s,
569, 1 b. Leibnitz s, 1 be. Babbage s, 1 c.
Scheutz s, 2 b.
CALCULI, stone-like concretions in the body, III.
569. Urinary calculi, 570, 1 a. Gall stones,
1 c.
CALCULUS, in mathematics, III. 570. Imaginary,
2 b. Residual, ib. Differential, 2 c. Inte
gral, 571, 1 b. Calculus of variations, 1 be.
Calculus of quaternions, 1 c ; VIII. 424, 2 b.
Treatises on calculus, III. 571, 2 b. See
MATHEMATICS, XL 275, 1 a, 2 a; 276, 2 b.
Discovery of the differential calculus, III.
571, 1 a; controversy concerning it, X. 324,
1 b, and XII. 349, 1 b (infinitesimal analy
sis). Germ of, VII. 701, 1 c.
CALCUTTA, city of Hindostan, III. 571. Gov
ernment buildings and Ochterlony monu
ment (ill.), 573.
CALDANI, Leopoldo Marco Antonio [kal-da -ne],
Italian anatomist, III. 574.
CALDARA, Antonio, Italian composer, III. 574.
CALDARA, Polidoro : see CARAVAGGIO.
Calda riuin, in ancient baths, II. 883, 1 b, 2 a.
CALDAS, Francisco Jose de, naturalist of New
Granada, III. 574. Scientific journal pub
lished by, 1 c; republished, ib., and I. 69, 1 c.
CALDAS PEREIRA DE SOUZA, Antonio [kal -das
pa-ra -e-ra da so -za], Brazilian poet, III. 574.
CALDEE [kawl -der], river of England, III. 574.
Colder: see CAWDOR.
CALDERA [kal-da -ra], seaport of Chili, III. 574.
CALDEEON DE LA BARCA, Frances Inglis, ma-
dame [kal-cla-rone da la bar -ka], Anglo-
Spanish authoress, III. 574.
CALDERON DE LA BARCA, Pedro, Spanish dram
atist, III. 574 ; XV. 222, 1 ab.
CALDERWOOD, David [kawl -der-wood], Scottish
clergyman, III. 576.
Calderwood,Henry, XIII. 445, 2 c (PHILOSOPHY).
CALDIEEO [kal-de-a -ro], village of Italy, III.
576. Military actions at, 2 c. Springs of, ib.
CALDWELL [kawld -wel], five counties, III. 577.
CALDWELL, village of N"ew York, III. 577.
CALDWELL, Charles, American physician, III.
577.
CALDWELL, James, American clergyman and rev
olutionary patriot, the "soldier parson," III.
577. His exhortation, "Put Watts into them,
boys," 578, 1 a.
CALDWELL, Joseph, D. D., American scholar,
III. 578.
Ca le, or Portus Cale, site of Oporto, XII. 651,
1 be.
Caleb, Abyssinian king, I. 45, 2 c.
CALEDO NIA (Scotland), III. 578. Derivation
of the name, VII. 552, 1 c.
CALEDONIA, county, III. 578.
Caledonia, county seat, VIII. 14, 2 c.
Caledonii, ancient people of Scotland, III. 578,
1 b.
CA LEF, Robert, American merchant, III. 578.
His work against witchcraft publicly burned,
2b.
Caleia [ka-le -ya], ancient town : see CILLT.
CAL ENDAR, III. 578. Greek division of the
month, 2 c; Roman, 579, 1 a. Calendar from
Pompeii, 1 ab (ill.). Solar year, ib. Julian
calendar, 1 c ; Gregorian, 2 a and c. Rule
for movable church feasts, 2 b. Lunar cycle,
2 be. Golden number, ib. Beginning of the
year in different nations, 2 c. Old style and
new style in England, 580, 1 b. French rev-
CALENDERING
CALKING
149
olutionary calendar, 1 b. In ancient northern
nations of Europe,! c. Mohammedan calen
dar, VIII. G12, 2 b. Bill for the reformation
of the calendar in England, IV. 300, 1 a;
effected by statute in 1751, VII. 700, 1 c;
popular objection to it, XL 41)3, 1 b. Altera
tion of the calendar by Peter the Great, XIII.
350, 2 a: see CALENDAR, III. 579, 2 a, 580, 1 c.
CALENDERING, III. 580. Smoothing calender,
introduction of, 581, 1 a. Folding, 2 b.
Calenders, dervishes, VI. 33, 1 c.
Calends, first day of a month (Roman), III.
579, 1 a.
Calen dula officina Us (botany), XI. 1GG, 2 a.
CAL ENTITRE, a febrile disease, III. 581.
Calepin [kal-pa ng ], scrap book, III. 581, 2 c.
CALEPINO, Ambrogio [ka-la-pe -no], Italian lexi
cographer, III. 581.
Coles [kfi -lecz], a name of Cadiz, III. 537, 1 c.
Caleti, or Caletes [ka-le -ti, -teez], ancient Ar-
moric tribe, X. 470, 1 c.
CALF [kaf], III. 582. Rearing of calves, 1 b.
Robert Colt s rules for feeding, 1 c.
CALnoux [kal-lioon ], ten counties, III. 582.
Calhoun, county seats, VIII. 112, la; X. 797,
1 a.
GALIIOTIX, John Caldwell, American statesman,
III. 583. His course in congress in regard
to the war with England, 584, 1 c ; to
the national bank, 2 be; to internal im
provements, 585, 2 a. Appointed secre
tary of war, 2 b. His opinion on the
Missouri compromise, 586, 1 a; 590, 1 b.
Elected vice president, 586, 1 be. Opposition
to the protective system, 2 a. His breach
with President Jackson, 587, 1 a. Elected
TJ. S. senator, 1 be. The nullification move
ment, 2 a. Condemns the removal of the
deposits, 2 c. His report against anti-slavery
publications, 588, 2 a. The public lands, 589,
1 b. Oratorical contest with Henry Clay, 2 b.
His pro-slavery resolutions, 590, 1 a; 591,
2 c. Appointed secretary of state, 590, 2 b.
Annexation of Texas, ib. Returns to the
senate, 591, 2 a. Opposes the Mexican war,
ib. ; 592, 1 c. His views of the Monroe doc
trine, 2 a, His last speech, 593, 1 a. Web
ster s estimate of him, 1 c. His character, 2 b.
Calhoun, Patrick, father of J. C. Calhoun, III.
583, 2 b, c.
Caliari, Paolo: see CAOLIARI.
Calico, origin of the word, III. 594, 1 c, and V.
402, 2 c ; different meanings of, III. 594, 1 c,
Calico lush, IX. 737, 2 a (KALMIA).
CALICO PRINTING, III. 594. Processes of the
ancient Egyptians and others, 2 a, ft . Pres
ent process, 595, 1 c. Copperplate print
ing, 2 c ; cylinder printing, ib. Preparing
and applying colors and mordants, 59G, 2 ab.
Use of aniline colors, 597, 2 b.
CALICUT, seaport of British India, III. 598.
Calida riiun, ancient place, III. 570, 2 c (CAL-
DIEEO).
Calidris (ornithology), XIV. 598, 1 be. C. are-
naria, 1 c (ill.).
CALIFORNIA, state, III. 598. State seal, 2 b.
Population, 599, 1 a. Mountains, 2 ab. Val
leys, GOO, 1 c. Sea coast, 2 b. Rivers, 001,
1 a. Lakes, 1 c. Geology, 2 a. Mineral
ogy, 2 c. Gold mining, 002, 1 b. Quicksil
ver, &c., 2 b, ff. Climate, 003, 2 a. Soil
and productions, 004, 2 b. Flora, GOG, 1 a.
Fauna, 2 ab. Natural curiosities, 2 c. Manu
factures, 607, 2 a. Commerce, 008, 1 a. In
tercommunication, 2 b. Government, 609,
1 c. Finances, 010, 1 be. State institutions,
2 b. Education, 611, 1 a. Libraries and
periodicals, 612, 1 b. Religion, 1 c. His
tory, 2 a.
California, county seat, XT. 748, 1 c.
California, great tree of, XIV. 772, 2 a.
CALIFORNIA, Gulf of, III. 613.
CALIFORNIA, Indians of, III. 013.
CALIFORNIA, Lower, III. 014. Lower Califor
nia company (of New York), 615, 2 a.
California lilac, so-called, XII. 312, 2 a.
Caligi, fish lice, VI. 694, 2 a.
CALIGNY, Jean Antenor Hue de [u dub ka"-le-
nye], French military and civil engineer,
III. 615.
CALIG ULA, Caius Ca?sar Augustus Germanicus,
Roman emperor, III. 615.
Calipasli : see Callipash (Index).
Calipee : see Callipee (Index).
CA LIPII, title of the successors of Mohammed,
III. 016. Lines of caliphs (table), 018, 1 a.
Calip pic cycle, in astronomy, III. 018, 1 c.
CALIPPUS, Greek astronomer, III. 618. His
cycle, 1 c.
Caliver, firearm, XII. 100, 2 b.
CALIXTINES [ka-lix -tins], branch of the Hus
sites, III. G18 ; IX. 92, 1 be ; XVI. 829, 2 c.
Followers of George Calixtus, III. 018, 1 c.
CALIXTUS, name of three popes, III. 618.
Calixtus HL, antipope, I. 279, 1 c.
CALIXTUS, George, Lutheran divine, III. 619.
Founder of Syncretism, 1 b.
Calking [kawk -ing], in ships, XIV. 863, 2 ab.
150
CALLA
CALORIC
CALLA, genus of plants, III. 619. C. palustris,
1 c. C. ^Ethiopica, 2 a (ill.).
CALLAIIAX, county, III. 619.
CALLA O [Sp. ka-lyow ], town of Peru, III. 619.
Callava, Col. [ka-lya -va], governor of Spanish
Florida, imprisoned by Andrew Jackson,
IX. 491, 2 c.
CAL LAWAT, two counties, III. 620.
CALLCOTT, Sir Augustus Wall [kavvl -kut], Eng
lish painter, III. 620. John Wall, composer,
1 c. Maria, authoress, 2 a.
OALLEJA, Felix del Key [ka-lya - k ha], conde
de Calderon, Spanish general, III. 620.
CAL LEXDER, James Thompson, Scotch-Ameri
can political writer, III. 620.
Collet [ka-ia], (Jean Francois, 1744- 98), loga
rithmic tables of, X. 578, 1 c.
Callichthys [kal-lik -this], (ichthyology), VII.
239, 2 a.
Callicrates andlcii nus [kal-lik -ra-teez], archi
tects of the Parthenon, II. 56, 1 b.
CALLICRAT IDAS, Spartan general, III. 620.
CALLIERES BOXXEVUE, Louis Hector, chevalier
de [ka-lyair bun-vti], governor of Canada,
III. 621.
CALLIMACIIUS [kal-lim -a-kus], Greek architect
and statuary, III. 621. Alexandrian gram
marian and poet, 1 b.
Callinec tes hasta tus (crustacea), V. 449, 1 c
(ill.).
Calling the last turn, in faro, VII. 89, 2 be.
CALLI XUS OF EPIIESUS, Greek poet, III. 621.
Callwn ymm (ichthyology), XV. 321, 2 b.
Calliopa a (mollnsca), XL 722, 2 c.
CALLIOPE [kal-H -o-pe], muse, III. 621 (ill.).
Calliope [kal -le-ope], county seat, XV. 68, 1 a.
Calliope, steam organ, XII. 688, 2 b.
Calliope, the French, : see DESIIOULIEEES, VI.
41, 2 b.
Callipash : see Callipee (Index).
Callipee , choice part of the flesh of the turtle
(the lower, in distinction from callipash, the
upper part), XVI. 79, 2 b.
Calliph ora vomito ria (entomology), VII. 294,
2 b. Maggots of, 296, 1 ab.
Callip olis, ancient name of Gallipoli, VII.
580, 2 c, and 581, 1 b.
CALLIRRIIOE [kal-lir -ro-e], a fountain near
Athens, III. 621.
Callirrlioe, nymph, I. 263, 2 b.
Callirrhoe, name of Edessa, Mesopotamia,
under the Seleucidse, VI. 401, 2 b.
Cal lu, ancient town : see CAGLI.
Callisen, George : see CALIXTUS.
CALLISEN, Hendrik, Danish surgeon, III. 621.
Adolph Carl Peeler, surgical professor, 2 a.
Callis te (ornithology), XV. 564, 1 b. C. fes-
tiva, ib.
CALLISTEIA [kal-lis-te -ya], festival, III. 621.
CALLISTHEXES [kal-lis -the-neez], Greek phi
losopher, III. 621 : I. 278, 1 be.
Callisthen ics : see GYMNASTICS, VIII. 352, 1 c;
354, 1 b.
CALLIS TO, Arcadian nymph, III. 621,
CALLIS TEATUS, Athenian orator. III. 621.
Cal lifhrix (zoology), XI. 751, 2 a. C. sci-
ureus, il). C. prirnaevus, 753, 2 a.
CallocepJi alus (zoology), XIV. 732, 1 a.
Callorhi nus ursi nus (zoology), XIV. 734,
1 ab (ill.).
Ccillorliyn elms austra lls (ichthyology), XIV.
727, 2 a,
CALLOT, Jacques [ka-lo], French painter and
engraver, III. 622.
Callu.ua (botany), VI II. 580, 1 b. C. vulgaris, il.
CALLUS, hardness of the skin from friction or
pressure, III. 622. Osseous growth, uniting
fractured bones, 2 ob ; 61, 1 a (BoxE).
CAL MAR, district of Sweden, III. 622. Capi
tal, 2 c. Union of Calmar, VI. 13, 1 be;
XL 157, 2 b ; XII. 511, 1 b; XV. 508, 2 c.
Its termination, IV. 526, 1 c. War of Cal-
mar, IV. 527, 1 b.
CAL MET, Augustin [Fr. kai-ma], French Bene
dictine scholar, III. 623.
CALMOX, Marc Antoine [kal-mo" e ], French
political economist, III. 623.
CAL MUCKS, Mongol people, III. 623. Calmuck
costumes, 624, 1 a (ill., 623).
Calo geri : see CALOYERS.
CALOMARDE, Francisco Tadeo, count de [ka-lo-
mar -^Aa], Spanish statesman. III. 624.
Ccdomlier, Mile. [ka-lo ng -bya] : see BOXAPARTE,
Napoleon, III. 37, 1 a.
CAL OMEL, subchloride of mercury, III. 624.
Methods of preparing it, 2 b. Its use in
medicine, 625, 1 a ; XL 403, 1 c, 2 a. Na
tive calomel (ore of mercury), III. 624, 1 c;
IV. 501, 2 a.
CALOX^XE, Charles Alexandra de [ka-lun],
French courtier and minister of state, III.
625.
Calop Unus spre tm (entomology), XIV. 371,
1 c (ill.). C. femur-rubrum, 2 c (ill.). C.
Atlantis, 372, 1 a.
Calorescence : see SPECTRUM, XV. 246, 1 a.
CAT.OR IC: see HEAT, VIII. 567, 2 b.
CALORIC ENGINE, III. 625. Principle of, 626,
CALORIC
CAMATA
151
1 a. Ericsson s, 1 be (ill.). Ericsson s im
proved, 2 a (ill.). Roper s, 627, 1 b (ills.).
Caloric theory, VIII. 567, 2 b.
Calorie, the kilogramme degree of heat, VIII.
573, 2 b.
Calorific rays of light, X. 440, 2 a.
Calorification, post mortem: see DOWLEE, VI.
234, 2 be,
CALORIM ETER, III. 627. Black s ice-block
calorimeter, VIII. 573, 2 b (ill.). Ice
calorimeter of Lavoisier and Laplace, 574,
1 a (ill.). Bunsen s, 1 be (ill.).
Calorimotor, Hare s (Robert), VIII. 458, 2 c.
Calosa mia angulif era (entomology), XV. 45,
1 b. C. Promethea, ib.
Calotype, in photography, XIII. 469, 2 b.
CALO VIUS, Abraham, German divine, III. 627.
CALOY EES, Greek monks, III. 628. Female
Caloyers, 1 be.
CAL PE, rock of Gibraltar, III. 628; I. 42, 1 c;
VII. 800, 2c; VIII. 679, 2 c.
CALPEE , town of British India, III. 628.
CALPUR NIUS, Titus, Latin poet, III. 628.
CALTAGIRONE [kal-ta-je-ro -na], city of Sicily,
III. 628.
CALTANISET TA, province of Sicily, III. 628.
Capital, 2 b.
Caltha palustris (botany), XI. 167, 1 b.
Gallon Mil [kawl -tun], near Edinburgh, VI.
405, 2 b.
Calumba, a root: see COLUMBO.
Cal umet, Indian national pipe, I. 403, 1 b.
CALUMET, county, III. 628. River : see CAL-
UMICK.
CALTJMICK, river, III. 628.
Calu rus resplen dens (ornithology), XV. 877,
2 ab.
CALVADOS [kal-va-doce], department of France,
III. 629.
CALVAERT, or Calvart, Denis [kal -vart], Flem
ish painter, III. 629.
CAL VARY, scene of the crucifixion, III. 629 ;
IX. 616, 2 a.
CALVERT [kawl -vert], county, III. 629.
CALVERT, George, first Lord Baltimore, Eng
lish statesman and colonizer, III. 629. Ceci-
lius, second Lord Baltimore, first proprietary
of Maryland, 2 be. Leonard, first governor
of Maryland, 2 c. Charles, Lord Baltimore,
governor and proprietary, XL 230, 2 a.
Benedict Leonard, 2 b. Charles, a Protes
tant, restored to authority as proprietary, ib.
CALVERT, George Henry, American author,
III. 631.
Calvert and Scarborough line, boundary of
Maryland and Virginia on the eastern shore,
XL 230, 2 c.
CALVI, Lazzaro and Pantaleone, Genoese
painters, III. 631.
CALVIX, John, French reformer, III. 631. Be
comes the champion of reform, 2 c. His
11 Institutes of the Christian Religion," 632,
1 be. Ground idea of his system of theology,
2 ab; its leading tenets, 2 b. Settled in
Geneva, 633, 1 a. Omission of Trinity and
person in the Genevese creed, 1 be. Pres-
byterial system inaugurated, 634, 1 b. Ec
clesiastical and civil disputes, 2 a-b. Trial
and execution of Servetus, 635, 1 a. Acad
emy of Geneva, 1 c. Extent of Calvin s in
fluence, 2 a.
Calving, of glaciers, XIII. 653, 2 b.
Calvinism, the five points of, XIV. 253, 2 c.
CALVIS IUS, Sethus, German musician and
chronologist, III. 636.
CALVUS, Caius Licinius Macer, Roman orator
and poet, III. 636.
CALW [kalv], town of Wiirtemberg, III. 636.
CALX, in alchemy and chemistry, III. 636.
Calyd na, island : see TENEDOS.
CAL YDON, ancient city of yEtolia, III. 636.
Calydo nian hunt, XL 369, 2 c (MELEAGER).
CALYME NE, genus of trilobites, III. 636; XV.
868, 1 ab (ill.).
CALYP SO, nymph, III. 637.
Calyptom ena (ornithology), XL 88, 2 a. C.
viridis, 2 ab.
Calyptorhyn chus (ornithology), IV. 784, 2 b.
C. stellata, 785, 1 a (ill.. 784). C. Tem-
minckii, 1 b.
Ca lyx, in botany, XIII. 585, 1 a, c. Mono-
sepalous or gamosepalous calyx, 586, 2 a.
CAM, river of England, III. 637.
CAM, Diogo [ka" B ], Portuguese navigator, III.
637.
Camaldolen sians : see CAMALDULES.
Carnal doli, congregation of : see CAMALDULES,
and MONACIIISM, XL 730, 1 b.
CAMAL DULES, religious order, III. 637.
Camar acum, ancient name of Cambrai, III.
641, 1 b.
CAMAR GO, Marie Anne, dancer, III. 637.
CAMARGIJE, La [la ka-marg], island of France,
III. 637.
CAMARI NA, ancient town of Sicily, III. 637.
Camars, ancient town : see CLUSIUM.
Camata and camatina, tanning substances,
XII. 558, 1 b.
152
CAMBACfiPvES
CAMEO
CAMBACEEES, Jean Jacques Regis de [ra-zheece
diih ka ng -ba-sa-race], duke of Parma, French
statesman, III. 637.
CAMBAY , city of British India, III. 638. Gulf
of, 2 a.
Cambay stones, IV. 8, 2 a.
CAM BEEWELL, suburb of London, III. 638.
Camberwell beauty, species of butterfly, III.
499, 1 a.
CAMBIASO, Luca [kam-bya -zo], Genoese artist,
III. 638.
CAMBIXI, Giuseppe [kam-be -ne], Italian com
poser, III. 638.
Cambium, in plants, XIII. 580, 1 a. Referred
to, I. 217, 2 c; VII. 30, 2 b; VIII. 140, 1 a.
CAMBO DIA, kingdom of Further India, III. 638.
(Map, I. 456.) Productions, 639, 1 a. Cam
bodians, 2 a (ill.). Social customs, 2 b.
Government, 2 c. History, 640, 1 a.
CAMBODIA RIVER : see MEKONG.
Gamboge : see GAMBOGE.
CAMBOX, Joseph [ka ng -bo ng ], French revolution
ist, III. 640.
CAM BOEXE, town of England, III. 641.
CAMBEAI [ka" g -bra], city of France, III. 641.
League of, against Venice, 1 c; IX. 712,
1 a; XVI. 300, 1 a. Treaty of (ladies
peace), III. 641, 1 c; IV. 295, 2 ab; VII.
382, 1 b, 417, 2 c; XL 157, 2 a.
Cambray : see CAMBEAI.
CAM BEIA, county, III. 641.
CAMBEIAN SYSTEM, in geology, III. 641 ; VII.
694, 2 a (in table, 1 c) ; 696, 1 b, c, 2 a, ab ;
697, 1 b, be, 2 c.
Cambric [kaim -brik], origin of the name, III.
641, 1 c.
CAMBEIDGE [kaim -brij], city of Massachusetts,
III. 641. Washington elm, 2 c (ill., 642).
Longfellow s house, ib. (ill., 642). Public
institutions, 642, 1 a. See HARVARD UNI
VERSITY. Mount Auburn cemetery, 2 a.
Cambridge, county seats, VI. 214, 1 a; VIII.
298, 2 c; 641, 1 c; IX. 424, 2 c.
CAMBEIDGE, town of England, III. 643. Church
of St. Sepulchre, 2 ab (ill.).
CAMBRIDGE, University of, III. 643. Colleges,
644, 1 a. Government, 1 b. Professors, 1 c.
Admission, 2 b. Classes of students, ib.
University terms, 2 c. Degrees, ib. Exami
nations, 645, 1 a. Fellowships, 1 c. Public
buildings, 2 b. Gothic chapel in King s col
lege, ib. (ill.). Fitzwilliam museum, 2 be
(ill.). Libraries, 2 c.
CAMBEIDGE, Dukes of, III. 646. Adolphus
Frederick, 1 a. George William Frederick
Charles, commander-in-chicf, 1 b. Miss
Fail-brother, his mistress, 1 c. Augusta, his
sister, grand duchess of Meckleuburg-Strelitz,
ib. Mary, Princess Teck, his sister, ib.
CAMBEIDGESHIEE, county of England, III. 646.
CAMBEOXXE, Pierre Jacques tienne, baron
[ka ng -brun], French general, III. 046.
Cambuslcen netJi, Scotland, battle of, XVI. 432,
1 a.
CAMBY SES, Persian king, III. 646. Conquest
of Egypt, 2 c ; VI. 463, 1 b. Barbarities of,
III. 647, 1 a; XI. 381, 1 b; XIII. 322, 1 a.
CAMDEN, four counties, III. 647.
CAMDEN, city of New Jersey, III. 647. Town
of South Carolina, 2 b. Town of Alabama,
2 c. Town of Arkansas, 648, 1 a.
Camden, county seats, II. 542, 1 a; III. 647,
1 c; IX. 813, 2 b; XII. 738, 1 b; XVI. 620,
2 a.
CAMDEX, county of New South Wales, III. 648.
CAMDEN, Charles Pratt, earl, English states
man, III. 648. His defence of the right of
juries in cases of libel, 1 b ; of the liberties
of the subject in the case of John Wilkes,
1 c ; of the American colonies, ib.
CAMDEX, William, British historian and anti
quary, III. 648. Carnden society, 2 c.
Camden house, at Chiselhurst, abode of the
deposed emperor Napoleon III., III. 54, 2 c.
CAMEL, ruminating animal, III. 648. Bactrian
camel, 649, 1 b (ill.), 650, 1 b. Arabian cam
el, 649, 1 c (ill.). Stomach of the camel,
2 c. Stomach cells, and foot (ill.), 2 b.
Fossil camel, 650, 1 b. Major Wayne on the
use of the camel in the United States, ib.
Age of, I. 182, 2ab.
CAMEL, machine for floating ships, III. 650.
Camel, river, bird, XIII. 236, 2 a.
Cameline [kam-leen], sauce, V. 300, 1 be.
CAMELLIA, genus of shrubs, III. 650. C. bohea
and viridis, 2 c. (See TEA, XV. 598, 2 b.)
C. Japonica, ib. (ill., 651). C. reticulata, 651,
1 be. C. oleifera, ib. C. sasanqua, ib., and
XV. 601, 1 be.
CAMEL OPARD : see GIRAFFE.
CAMELOPAR DALIS, constellation, III. 651.
Camelotes [ka-mE-lo -tace], floating islands,
XIII. 597, 1 c.
Came lus (zoology), III. 648. C. Bactrianus.
649, 1 b (ill.). C. Arabians, 1 c (ill.).
CAMEXZ [ka -ments], town of Saxony, III. 651.
CAM EO, III. 651. Gem cameos, 2 a. Shell
cameos, 652, 1 be. Cameo cutting on shells,
CAMEO
CAMPBELL
153
2 a; Holtzapffel s directions for it, 2 ab.
Carving in onyx and carnelian, 053, 1 a and
b. See AGATE, I. 178, 1 ab.
Cameo incrustation, in glass making, VIII. 24,
1 b (ills.).
CAM ERA LU CIDA, optical instrument, III. 653.
Wollaston s camera, 1 c (ills.). Amici s cam
era, 2 c (ill., 054). Use of in microscopy,
XI. 520, 2 a.
CAMERA OBSCU JRA, optical instrument, III.
654 (ill.).
Camera ria (botany), III. 654, 2 b.
Camerarius: see CHAMBERLAIN.
CAMERARIUS, Joachim [ka-ma-ra -re-oos], Ger
man scholar, III. 654. Joachim, botanist, 2
b. Rudolph Jakob, physician and botanist, ib.
Camerata, Count [ka-ma-ra -ta], husband of
the princess Bacciochi, II. 194, 1 a. Napo-
leone, her son, ib.
CAMERIXO [ka-ma-re -no], town of Italy, III.
654.
Cameri num, ancient city : see CAMERIXO.
CAM EROX, three counties, III. 655.
Cameron, county seat, XI. 531, 1 a.
Cameron, Captain, British consul to Abyssinia,
I. 47, 1 a.
Cameron, Donald, Scottish chief, IV. 312, 1 ab.
CAMERON, John, Scottish theologian, III. 655.
His theory of the will, 2 a. Cameronites,
his followers, ib.
CAMEROX, Richard, Scottish preacher, founder
of the Carneronians, III. 655.
CAMERON, Simon, American senator, III. 655.
Camero nes: see CAMEROOXS.
CAMEROXIAXS, sect of Scotch Presbyterians,
III. 656.
Camero7iites (Amyraldists), followers of John
Cameron, III. 655, 2 a.
CAMEROOXS, river of Guinea, III. 656.
CAMEROOXS MOUNTAINS, in Africa, III. 656.
Camilla, county seat, XI. 677, 2 c.
CAMILLUS, Marcus Furius, Roman dictator, III.
657.
CAMIXATZIX [ka-me-nat-seen ], Mexican king,
III. 657.
CAM ISARDS [Fr. ka-me-zar], French Protes
tants, III. 657; IX. 38, 1 a.
Cammeni, islands of : see TIIERA, XV. 606, 2 a.
CAM MERIIOFF, John Frederick, Moravian bish
op, III. 658.
CAMMIX [kam-meen ], town of Prussia, III. 658.
CAMOENS, Luiz de [kam -o-ens], (Port. Camoes,
ka-moi ng s ), Portuguese poet, III. 658.
CAMORRA, Neapolitan secret society, III. 659.
CAMPAGXA [kam-pa -nya], town of Italy, III.
659.
CAMPAGXA DI ROMA [de ro -ma], plain surround
ing Rome, III. 659 (ill.).
Campagna Felice [fa-le -cha], Italian name of
Campania, III. 661, 1 b.
Campag nol [Fr. ka ng -pa-nyul], meadow mouse,
XI. 312, 1 a (ill.).
Campaign of France (Napoleon s, in 1814),
III. 45, 1 c.
CAMPAN [ka ng -pa ng ], town of France, III. 660.
Campan marble, 1 b.
CAMPAN, Jeanne Louise Ilenriette Genest,
French teacher, III. 660.
Campana, church bell, II. 495, 2 ab.
CAMPANEI/LA, Tommaso, Italian philosopher,
III. 660 ; XIII. 440, 2 c (PHILOSOPHY).
CAMPANIIA [kam-pa -nya], town of Brazil, III.
660.
CAMPAXI, Matteo and Giuseppe [kam-pa -ne],
Italian inventors and opticians, III. 660.
CAMPANIA, division of ancient Italy, III. 661.
Campani Alimenis : see CAMPANI, III. 660,
2 c.
CAMPANILE [kam-pa-ne -la], bell tower, III.
661. Giotto s campanile at Florence, 1 c
(ill.) ; II. 495, 2 b.
Campanile of St. Marie: see VENICE, XVI.
297, 1 c.
Campanula (botany), VIII. 459, 1 ab. C.
rotundifolia, ib. (ill.). C. linifolia, 2 a.
Campanula ria, hydroid : see JELLY FISH, IX.
602, 1 ab.
CAMPBELL [kam -el or kam -bel], four counties,
III. 661.
CAMPBELL, Alexander, American clergyman,
founder of a sect, III. 662. See DISCIPLES.
CAMPBELL, Archibald : see ARGYLL, Duke of.
CAMPBELL, Sir Colin, Lord Clyde, British gen
eral, III. 662.
CAMPBELL, George, Scottish clergyman, III. 663.
CAMPBELL, John, Scottish writer, III. 663.
CAMPBELL, John, Scottish clergyman, III. 663.
CAMPBELL, John, lord, British jurist and au
thor, III. 663.
CAMPBELL, Sir Neil, British officer, III. 664.
CAMPBELL, Thomas, British poet, III. 664.
Originated the university of London, 2 c.
Campbell, Thomas, clergyman, associate found
er of the sect of Campbell ites, VI. 132, 1 a.
See CAMPBELL, Alexander.
CAMPBELL, Lord William, royal governor of
South Carolina, III. 665.
CAMPBELL, William, American officer, III. 665.
154
CAMPBELL
CANADA
Campbell of Glenlyon, his atrocious treachery
and bloodshed, VIII. 31, 2 a (GLENCOE).
Campbell Court House, county seat, III. 661, 2 e.
Campbellites, or Disciples of Christ, II. 293,
2 ab; III. 662, 1 ab; VI. 132, 1 a.
Campbellsmlle, county seat, XV. 591, 2 b.
Campbellton, county seat, III. 661, 2 c.
Campbelltown: see FAYETTEVILLE, VII. 102, 2 b.
CAMPBELTOWN, seaport of Scotland, III. 665.
Camp Dick Robinson, Union camp in Kentucky,
IX. 805, 1 b.
CAMPE, Joachim Heinrich [kam -peh], German
author, III. 665.
CAMPEA CHY, state of Mexico, III. 665. Capi
tal city, 2 b.
Campeachy wood : see LOGWOOD, X. 584, 2 b.
Campeche [Sp. kam-pa -cha] : see CAMPEACHY.
CAMPEGGIO, Lorenzo [kam-ped -jo], Italian car
dinal, III. 666.
Campeius [kam-pe -yus] : see CAMPEGGIO.
CAMPEXOX, Francois Nicolas Vincent [ka ng p-
no ng ], French poet, III. 666.
Campeph ilus principa lis (ornithology), XVI.
709, 2 b.
CAMPER, Pieter [kam -per], Dutch physician
and anatomist, III. 666. His studies of the
anatomy of birds, 2 be; of the varieties of
the human race, 2 c ; of comparative anato
my, ib.
Camp f ever, VII. 166, 2 c.
CAMPHAUSEX, AVilhelm [kamp -how-zen], Ger
man painter, III. 667.
CAMPIIEXE , in chemistry, III. 667. Varieties
of, 1 b ; XVI. 77, 2 c. Principal camphenes,
III. 667, 2 a. Burni-ng fluid, 2 ab.
CampJicrenes and camphilenes, modifications of
camphenes, III. 667, 2 a.
CAM PHOR, III. 667. Camphor tree of Suma
tra and Borneo, 2 b. Camphor wood, 668,
1 a. Common camphor, 1 b; tree yielding
it, 2 a (ill.). Preparation of camphor, 2 a ;
its chemical character, 2 be ; medicinal use,
669, 1 a.
CAMPHOR IC ACID, III. 609.
CAMPHUYSEX, Dirk Rafelsk [kamp -hoi-zen],
Dutch painter, theologian, and poet, III. 669.
CAMPI, Giulio [kam -pe], Italian painter, III.
669. Bernardino, painter, 2 a.
CAM PIAX, Edmund, English author and theo
logian, III. 669.
Campidoglio, piazza del [pyat -sa del kam-pe-
do -lyo], Rome, III. 756, 2 a.
CAMPLI [kam -ple], town of Italy, III. 670.
Camp meetings, religious, schism caused by
their introduction among the English Wes--
leyans, XL 454, 1 a ; III. 160, 1 b.
CAMPOBAS SO, province of Italy, III. 670. Cap
ital city, 1 b.
CAMPOBASSO, Nicold, count of, Neapolitan sol
dier of fortune, III. 670.
CAMPO FOEMIO, village of Italy, III. 670. Peace
of, ib. ; 39, 2 ab; II. 145, 1 c ; VII. 390, 2 b.
Campo Marzo [mar -tzo], district of Rome, III.
670, 2 ab.
CAMPO SANTO : see CEMETERY, IV. 187, 2 be.
Of Pisa, ib. ; its frescoes, VII. 483, 2 c.
Campo Vaccino [vat-che -no], Roman forum,
VII. 338, 2 a.
Camps, half- faced : see TENT, XV. 653, 2 be.
Camptol emus Labrado rius (ornithology), VI.
290, 2 c (ill., 291).
Camptosorus rhizophyllus, walking leaf, fern,
XVI. 430, 2 c (ill.) ; VII. 149, 2 be.
CAMPUS, in Roman antiquity, III. 670. Cam
pus Martins, 1 c ; XIV. 410, 1 ab. C. Esqui-
linns, 1 b. C. Sceleratus, III. 670, 2 b;
XIV. 410, 1 b; XVI. 328, 2 b.
Campus Pompeius : see POMPEII, XIII. 694, 1 b.
Camulodu num, ancient town, V. 43, 2 a (COL
CHESTER).
CAMUS, Arm and Gaston [ka-mus]. French revo
lutionist, III. 670.
CAMUS, Charles tienne Louis, French mathe
matician and mechanician, III. 671.
CAMWOOD, a dyewood, III. 671 (ill.) ; 233, 1 c.
CA NA, two ancient towns in Palestine, III. 671.
CANAAN [ka -nan], in Palestine, III. 671 ; XIII.
7, 2c.
| Canaanitcs, VIII. 408, 1 be ; XIII. 7, 2 c, 8, 1 a.
1 CAN ADA, Dominion of, III. 671. (Map.) Seal
(ill.), 2 b. Divisions, 2 a. Population, 672,
1 a. Boundary line, 1 b. Physical features,
2 c. Climate, 673, 2 b. Forests, 674, 1 a.
Union of the provinces, 1 b. Government,
2 b. Finances, 676, 2 a. Commerce, 2 c.
Industrial statistics, XII. 822- 1 4 (Appendix).
History, III. 677, 2 ab. Earthquake of
1663, 678, 1 b. Canals of, 687, 2 a. Fenian
invasion of, VII. 127, 1 be; second invasion
meditated, 128, 2 b.
Canada, Lower: see QUEBEC (province), and
III. 679, 1 a.
Canada, Upper: see ONTARIO (province), and
III. 679, 1 a.
Canada lalsam, II. 247, 1 c, 248, 1 c, 249,
2 c; VII. 208, 1 be; XVI. 77, 1 be. Use
of in polarizing apparatus, X. 447, 1 a.
Canada East : see QUEBEC (province).
CANADA
Canada potato, I. 782, 1 c.
Canadaquois, Indian tribe, III. 679, 2 ab.
Canada turpentine, VII. 208, 1 be.
Canada West: see ONTARIO (province).
Canadian Catechism, allusion to, III. 079, 2 b.
CANADIAN INDIANS, III. 079.
CANADIAN RIVER, tributary of the Arkansas,
III. 079.
CANAJOIIARIE [kan*a-jo-ha -re], town of New
York, III. 079.
CANAL , artificial watercourse. III. 079. Prin
ciples of construction, 2 c. Cross section
(ill.), 080, 1 a. Lock, 2 a (section). Lift lock
(ill.), 081, 1 c. Weigh lock, 2 b (ill.). Aque
ducts, 082, 2 a. Seneca river aqueduct,
ib. (ill.). Motive power, 2 b. Canals of
Asia and Europe, 083, 2 a ; of the United
States, 084, 2 a (tables). Ship canals, 687,
1 c. Sault Ste. Marie, &. Canadian canals,
2 a. Caledonian canal, 088, 1 a ; North Hol
land, 1 c ; Suez, 2 be. Proposed canal uniting
the Atlantic and Pacific, 090, 1 ab ; IV. 705,
Ic; XII. 421, 2c; XIII. 33, 1 b.
Canal Dover, village of Ohio, VI. 232, 1 be.
Canale, Antonio [ka-na -la] : see CANALETTO.
CANALE, Nicol6, Venetian admiral, III. 090.
CANALET TO, Antonio, Italian painter, III. 090.
His nephew (Bernardo Belotto), painter, 2 c.
Canalic uli, in the dentine of the teeth, XV.
000, 1 b.
Canal system of New York, its original pro
jector, V. 03, 1 be.
CANANDAI GUA, town of New York, III. 090.
CANANORE , town of British India, III. 091.
CANARA [ka-na -ra], district of British India,
III. 091.
Canarese , a race in India, IX. 215, 2 a.
Cana ries : see CANARY ISLANDS.
CANARIS, Constantino [kti-na -ris], Greek naval
officer and statesman, III. 091. (Died 1877.)
CANA UY BIRD, III. 091 (ill., 092).
CANARY GRASS, III. 092 (ill.).
CANARY ISLANDS, III. 092 ; view in, 093.
Canata [ka-na -ta], (Iroquois word from which
Canada is derived), bishop of, XIII. 010,
1 c.
CANBY, Edward Richard Sprigg, American
general, III. 093.
Canty, naturalist, VI. 123, 1 a (DION.EA).
CANCALE [ktV-kal], seaport of France, III. 094.
CanceUi in ancient churches, IV. 500, 2 b.
Cancelli of bone, III. 58, 2 b.
Canceola rius, museum of at Verona, referred
to, VII. 087, 2 c.
CANE
155
CANCER, sign of the zodiac, III. 094. Tropic
of Cancer, 1 b.
CANCER, disease, III. 094. Internal cancer, 2 a.
Cancerous tumors, ib. See TUMOR, XVI. 29,
2 a.
Cancer, crab, V. 449, 1 a. C. irroratus, 2 b.
C. borealis, ib. C. pagurus, ib. (ill.).
CANCRIN, George, count [kan-krin J, Russian
statesman, III. 694.
Cancro ma cochlea ria (ornithology), II. 705,
2 be (ill., 700).
Canda, Miss, monument to her memory, III.
320, 1 b.
CANDACE [kan -da-se], Ethiopian queen, III.
094. Royal title, 2 c.
CANDAIIAR , province of Afghanistan, III. 094.
City, 095, 2 a (ill.).
CANDAU LES : see GYGES.
CANDEISII [kan-daish J, district of British India,
III. 095.
Candesh : see CAXDEISH.
CANDI : see CANDY.
CAN DIA, island of the Grecian archipelago,
III. 095. Description, 2 c. History, 090,
1 c. See Crete (Index). Town, 097, 1 c.
CANDIAC, Jean Louis Philippe Elisabeth Mont-
calm de [dull ka ng -de-ak], precocious French
boy, III. 097.
CANDIDO, Pietro [kan -de-do], (Pieter de Witte),
Flemish painter and sculptor, III. 097.
Candish, Sir TJiomas : see CAVENDISH.
CANDLE, III. 098. Tallow candles, 1 b ; sper
maceti, 2 b; wax, 2 c; paraffine, 099, 1 ab.
Candle wicks, 1 b. Candlestick, in the Eng
lish translation of the Bible, 098, 1 a.
Candle, sales by the, or by the inch of candle,
at auction, II. 102, 2 c; VII. 535, 2 a.
Candle clock, Alfred the Great s, IV. 095, 2 b.
CANDLEMAS, religious festival, III. 099.
CANDLENUT, tree, III. 099 (ill.).
CANDLISII, Robert Smith, Scottish clergyman,
III. 099.
CANDOLLE, Augustin Pyrnmus de [duh ka" s -
dul], French botanist, III. 700. His theory
of the flower, X. 267, 2 a. His botanical
system, III. 134, 1 c; continued by Alphonse
Louis Pierre Pyramus de, botanist, III. 700,
1 c, 2 a.
CANDY, town of Ceylon, III. 700.
CANE, plant : see BAMBOO, and SUGAR.
Cane (arundinaria macrosperma\ use of in
paper making, XIII. 48, 1 b. See CANE
BRAKE.
CANE, river of India, III. 700.
156
CANEA
CANNONSBURG
CANEA [ka -na-a], seaport of Candia, III. T01 ;
view, 702.
CANE I. DELLA SCALA [ka -na], (Cangrande),
Italian ruler and warrior, III. 700.
CANE BKAKE, in botany, III. 701. Cane brake
grass (ill.), ib.
Canebrake, the, tract in Alabama, XI. 153, 2 a.
Caneks, princes of the Itzaes, IX. 473, 1 be.
Canfieldi county seat, XL 26, 1 c.
CAXGA-ARGUELLES, Jose [kang-gar-gwa -lyace],
Spanish statesman, III. 702.
CANGE, Du: see Du CAXGE.
Cangrande, or Can Grande [kan gran -da] :
see CAXE I. BELLA SCALA.
CANIBAS, Indian tribe, III. 702; I. 10, 2 c.
CANICATTI [ka-ne-kat -te], town of Sicily, III.
702.
Canice, St. [kan -is], cathedral of, Kilkenny,
IX. 832, 1 b (ill.).
CANIC ULA : see DOG STAR.
Can id (zoology), IV. 10, 2 b; VI. 177, 2 b;
VII. 358, 1 a ; XIV. G95, 1 c, 2 c.
CANINA, Luigi [ka-ne -na], Italian archaeologist,
III. 702. Ilis restoration of the Appian
way, I. 598, 2 be.
Caninefates [ka-ni-ne-fa -teez], German tribe,
II. 380, 1 a.
CAXIXI, Giovanni Angelo [ka-ne -ne], Italian
painter and engraver, III. 702.
CAXIXO, prince of : see BONAPARTE, Lucien,
III. 33, 2 a; Charles Lucien Jules Laurent,
35, 1 a.
Canino, principality of, III. 34, 1 be.
Ca nis (zoology), VI. 177, 2 b. C. aquati-
cus, XIII. 704, 2 c (ill.). C. anthus, VI. 179,
1 c; IX. 481, 2 b. C. aureus, ib. (ill.).
C. Australasia, VI. 179, 1 be (ill.). C. avi-
cularis, XIII. 638, 2 a (ill.). C. borealis, VI.
180, 1 b (ill.). C. brevipilis, XV. 228, 2 a.
C. Ceylonicns, VI. 179, 1 a. C. domesticus,
VI. 180, 2 c (ill.). C. extrarius, XV. 228,
1 a (ill.). C. familiaris, II. 736, 2 b (ill.).
C. index, XIV. 786, 1 ab (ill.). C. juba-
tus, VI. 179, 2 a. C. lagopus, 180, 1 b. C.
laniger, 2 ab. C. latrans, XVI. 696, 1 be
(ill.). C. lupus, 695, 2 a (ill.). C. melitams,
XV. 228, 2 a. C. molossus, III. 425, 2 a
(ill.). C. occidentalis, XVI. 695, 2 c (ill.).
C. Pacificus, VI. 181, 2 a. C. Poraeranus,
181, 1 a. C. primasvus, 179, 1 a; IX. 11, 1 c.
C. sagax, IX. 11, 1 c (ill.) ; VIII. 475, 1 c (ill.).
C. Terras Novae, VI. 180, 2 a (ill.). C. urcanus,
XL 266, 1 b (ill.). C. terrarius, XV. 662, 2 b
(ill.). C. venaticus, VIII. 253, 2 b (ills.).
CANIS IUS, Petrus, Dutch Jesuit, III. 702.
CAXIS MAJOR, constellation, III. 702. C. Mi
nor, 2 b.
Can ister shot: see CASE SHOT.
CANITZ, Friedrich Kudolf Lndwigr, baron [ka -
nits], German poet and diplomatist, III.
702.
Qankaracliarya [san-ka-ra-char -ya], Hindoo
philosopher, IX. 229, 1 a.
CAXKER, ulceration of the mouth. III. 703.
CANKER WORM, III. 703 (ill.).
Canna (botany), IX. 245, 1 c. C. Indica, ib.
(ill.). C. flaccida, 2 a. C. edulis, 2 ab;
XV. 317, 2 c.
CANNABIS INDICA : see KEMP, VIII. 632, 2 c.
C. sativa, 631, 1 a.
Canna cece (botany), IX. 245, 1 c.
CAN N.-E, ancient town of Italy, III. 704. Bat
tle of, 2 ab; IV. 143, 1 b; VIII. 443, 2 a.
CAXNEL COAL : see COAL.
CAX NELTOX, town of Indiana, III. 704.
CANNES [kan], seaport of France, III. 705.
Chateau of St. Ursula (ill.).
Canninefates : see Caninefates (Index).
CANNING, George, English statesman, III. 705.
Charles John, viscount and earl, statesman,
706, 1 b. Stratford : see STRATFORD DE RED-
CLTFFE.
CANNON, III. 706. Culverin, 2 c (ill.). Mor
tars, ib. ; 709, 2 ab. Howitzer, 707, 1 c ; 709,
2 a. Calibre. 707, 1 c. Interior of cannon,
2 a; forms of the chamber, 2 c (ills.).
Length of the bore. 708, 1 a. Exterior
form, 1 c. Pressure on the bore, ib. (ill.).
Ptodman gun, 2 c (ill.). Dahlgren gun (ill.),
709, 1 b. Paixhans s system, 2 a. Colum-
biad, seacoast gun, 2 b (ill.). Field cannon,
2 c. Eifled guns, ib. Parrott rifle gun,
710, 1 a (ill.). Construction of rifled cannon,
1 b. Processes in manufacturing cannon of
cast iron or bronze, 2 b ; of wrought iron or
steel, 711, 2 b. Built-up cannon, 2 c. Breech-
loading and muzzle-loading Armstrong guns,
712, 1 ab (ills.). Whitworth gun, 1 c (ill.).
Blakely gun, 2 a (ill.). Palliser and Par
sons guns, 2 b (ill.). Krupp guns. 2 c. Gatling
gun and mitrailleuse, 713, 1 a. Hand-can
non, XII. 100, 2 a. Introduction of cannon,
I. 745, 2 a. See ARTILLERY.
CANNON, county, III. 713.
Cannon, in billiards, II. 642, 2 c.
Cannon metal, III. 314, 2 b.
CANNONSBURG, borough of Pennsylvania, III.
713.
CANO
CANO, Alonso [ka -no], Spanish painter, sculp
tor, and architect, III. 713.
CANO, Jacobo : see CAM, Diogo.
GANG, Juan Sebastian del, Spanish navigator,
III. 713.
Cano bus, Egyptian god and city : see CANOPUS.
Canoe birch, II. 048, 1 a.
CANON, in theology, III. 713. Canon of the
Old Testament, 2 b ; of the New Testament,
714, 2 ab. Objections to the canon, 715, 2 a.
CANOX, ecclesiastical dignitary, III. 715. See
PEEBEXD.
CANOX, in music, III. 715.
CANON [ka-nyone J, ravine, III. 716.
Gallon City, county seat, VII. 477, 2 a.
Cano nes Apostol ici, III. 717, 2 b.
CANON ICA, Luigi della, Italian architect, III.
71G.
CANONICAL HOURS, in religious services, III.
716. See BREVIARY.
CANONICUS, Indian chief, III. 716.
Canonicut, island, XIV. 291, 2 a, ab.
CANONIZATION, III. 716. Canonization of saints
first reserved for the holy see, I. 279, 2 a.
CANON LAW, III. 716. Canones Apostolici,
717, 2 b. Constitutiones Apostolica3, 2 c.
Codex Canonum, 718, 1 a, 2 a. Codex Isi-
doriana, 1 b ; prisca, ib. Dionysius Exiguus,
his collection of canons and decretals, 1 be.
Isidore Mercator, or Peccator, 2 b; Bishop
Beveridge on his work, 2 c. Gratian s Con-
cordantia Discordantium Canonum, 719, 1 a.
Pope Gregory s collection, 1 b. Jus anti-
qmim, and jus recens, 2 a. Bullarium, 2 b.
Concordats, 2 c. Canon law in England, V.
149, 1 b.
"Canons, Apostolical," III. 717, 2 b.
Canons of church councils, V. 423, 2 b.
Canons of the Colorado, V. 106, 2 c. Grand
canon, 107, 1 ab. First descent through
them, 2 c. Prof. Powell s descent, 108, 1 b.
CANOPUS, star, III. 720.
GANOPUS, city of Egypt, III. 720. The god
Canobus, 1 be (ill.).
CANO SA, town of Italy, III. 720. Ancient
tombs, 2 b (ill.).
CANOSSA, town of Italy, III. 720. Penance
exacted of the emperor Henry IV. at, ib.,
and VIII. 658, 2 b.
CANOT, Theodore [ka-no], adventurer and slave
trader, III. 720.
CANO VA, Antonio, Italian sculptor, III. 721.
CANOVAI, Stanislao [ka-no-vi ], Italian eccle
siastic and mathematician, III. 722.
CANTICUM
157
CANROBERT, Francois Certain [ku ng -ruh-bair],
French marshal, III. 722.
Cannstadt : see CANSTATT.
Canson [ka ng -so" g ], a class of Provencal versifi
cation, XIV. 40, 1 b.
CAXSTATT [kan -statj, town of Wiirtemberg,
III. 722.
CAXSTEIX, Karl Ilildebrand, Freiherrvon [kan -
stine], founder of the Canstein Bible society,
III. 722.
Canstein Bible, allusion to, II. 617, 2 b.
Canstein Bible institute, II. 614, 2 b.
Cant: see SLANG, XV. 85, 2 a.
Canta bri, ancient people, II. 367, 1 a, 2 a ;
III. 723, 1 b.
CANTABRIA, district of ancient Spain, III. 723.
CAXTABRIAX MOUXTAIXS, Spain, III. 723.
CANTACUZE NUS, or Cantacuzene, Grasco-Wal-
lachian family, III. 723. Serban, waywode
of "Wallachia, 2 a. Demetrius, hospodar of
Moldavia, 2 b. Stephen, waywode, 2 c.
Alexander and George, Russian military
officers, ib.
CANTACUZENUS, Johannes, Byzantine emperor
and historian, III. 723.
CANTAGAL LO, town of Brazil, III. 724.
CANTAL [ka ng -tal], department of France, III.
724. Auvergnats, 2 ab.
CANTARIXI, Simone [kan-ta-re -ne], Italian
painter, III. 724.
Canteloupe, a melon, XI. 372, 2 c. Origin of
the name, ib.
CANTEMIR, Demetrius [kan -teh-meer], hos
podar of Moldavia, III. 724. Antiochus, or
Constantino Demetrius, Russian poet and
statesman, 2 c.
CANTERBURY, city and archiepiscopal see of
England, III. 725. Canterbury cathedral,
1 c (ill.); IV. 119, 1 b. Augustinian mon
astery, 2 c. First native English arch
bishop, II. 440, 2 c.
Cant frames, in a ship, XIV. 862, 2 c.
Cantharel lus ciba rius (fungus), XII. 72, 1 c
(ill.).
CANTHARIDES [kan-thar -e-deez], (entomology),
III. 726 (ill.). Russian, 1 c. Medical use
of, 2 a. Vinegar of cantharides, II. 724, 1 c.
Can tharis vesicato ria, Spanish fly, II. 477,
2 b; III. 726, 1 a (ill.). C. vittata, potato
fly, 1 ab.
Can thorus grise us (ichthyology), III. 240, 2 a.
CANTICLES, or Song of Solomon, III. 726. Its
canonicity impugned and defended, 2 c.
Canticum Canticorum: see CANTICLES.
158
CANTILLON
CAXTILLOX, Pierre Joseph [ka ng -te-yo ng ], French
soldier, III. 727.
Canting the anchor, I. 465, 1 c.
Canting language, the (slang), XV. 85, 2 b.
CANTIUM, ancient district of Britain, III. 727.
Cantii, 2 a.
Canton, in heraldry, Till. 672, 2 b. (See
plate.) Canton sinister, ib.
CANTON, city of Ohio, III. 727. City of
Illinois, 2 a.
Canton, county seats, IV. 377, 2 be ; X. 820,
1 c; XIV. 540, 2 b; XV. 322, 1 a; XVI.
264, 1 b.
CANTON, city of China, III. 727 (ill.). Popula
tion, 2 b. New China street, 728, 1 b (ill.).
Tankia, 1 c, 2 ab. Boat town, 1 c. Flower
boat (ill.), 2 a. Climate, 729, 1 a. Foreign
residents, 1 c. Factories or hongs, 2 b. In
dustry, ib. History, 730, 1 c. Commerce, 2 b.
CANTON, John, English savant, III. 731.
CANTON RIVER, China, III. 731.
Canton s phosphorus, X. 478, 2 a.
Cants, in a ship, XIV. 862, 2 c.
CANTU [kan-too J, town of Italy, III. 731.
CANTU, Cesare, Italian historian, poet, and
philosopher, III. 731.
Canturio, ancient town: see CANTU.
Canura [ka-noo -ra] : see CANANORE.
Canu sium, ancient town : see CANOSA.
CANUTE , king of Denmark and of England, III.
731; XII. 608, 2 a. Coin of Canute (ill.),
III. 732, 1 a; coinage, 2 ab.
CANVAS-BACK, duck, III. 732 (ill., 733). Prin
cipal haunts, 2 c. Food, 733, 1 c. Hunting
them, 2 b. Toling, 734, 1 a. Nests of, first
discovered, I. 242, 1 c.
CAOUTCHOUC [koo-chook ], or India Eubber,
III. 734. Trees producing it, 1 c, ff (ills.).
Preparation of the gum, 735, 2 a. Analysis,
736, 1 be. History of its manufacture, 1 c.
Goodyear s inventions, 737, 1 b. Method
of vulcanization, 2 be. Washing and com
pressing mill (ill.), 738, 1 a. Calender (ill.),
2 b. Vulcanizing cylinder, 739, 1 b (ill.).
Preparation for weaving into fabrics, 2 be.
Table of manufactures in the United States,
740 ; imports, -ib. Imports into Great Brit
ain, 1 c.
Caoutchouc, mineral, II. 671, 2 c.
Caoutchoncine, oily substance from caoutchouc,
III. 736, 1 a and b ; IV. 187, 1 b.
Cap of mast, in ships, XIV. 864, 2 be.
Capacity for heat, VIII. 573, 2 a.
CAPE AGULIIAS : see AGULIIAS.
CAPE
CAPE ANN, Massachusetts, III. 740.
CAPE BAB-EL-MANDEB, Arabia, III. 740.
Cape badger, animal, IX. 138, 1 c.
CAPE BLANCO, AY. Africa, III. 740.
CAPE BLANCO, or Orford, Oregon, III. 740.
CAPE BOEO [bo-a -o], Sicily, III. 740.
CAPE BOJADOR : see BOJADOE.
CAPE BON, Tunis, III. 741.
CAPE BRETON [brit -un], island, British Amer
ica, III. 741.
CAPEOE-LATRO, Giuseppe [ka-pa -cha-la -tro],
Italian prelate and statesman, III. 741.
CAPE CHARLES, Virginia, III. 742.
Cape City : see CAPE MAY.
CAPE CLEAR, Ireland, III. 742.
CAPE COAST CASTLE, town and fort of Africa,
III. 742.
CAPE COD, Massachusetts, III. 742.
CAPE COLONY, British possession in S. Africa,
III, 742, and I. 170, 1 b. Inhabitants, III.
742, 2 c. Topography, 743, 1 b. Coast, 2 b.
Eivers, 2 c. Geology, &c., 744, 1 ab. Climate,
1 b. Flora, 1 c. Productions, 2 ab. Fauna,
2 c. Trade, 745, 1 b. Government, 1 c.
Religion, 2 b. Education, ib. History, 2 c.
CAPE COM OEIN, Hindustan, III. 746 (ill.).
Town of Cape Comorin, 2 c
Cape de Gatte [deh gat] : see CAPE GATA.
Cape dialect : see HOTTENTOTS, IX. 9, 2 a.
CAPE ELIZABETH, Maine, III. 746.
CAPE FAREWELL, Greenland, III. 746.
CAPE FEAR, North Carolina, III. 747. Origin
of the name, VIII. 249, 2 c.
CAPE FEAR RIVER, North Carolina,, III. 747.
CAPEFIGUE, Jean Baptiste Honor6 Raymond
[kap-feeg], French historian, III. 747.
CAPE FINISTEKEE [fin-is-tair J, Spain, III. 747.
Battles of, 1 a.
Cape Florida, coral formation at, II. 72, 1 c.
Cape Francais [fra" B -sa] : see CAPE HAYTIEN.
CAPE FRIO [fre -o], Brazil, III. 747.
CAPE GATA [ga -ta], Spain, III. 747.
CAPE GIRARDEAU [je-rar -do], county, III. 747.
CAPE GIRARDEAU, city of Missouri, III. 747.
Cape gooseberry, XIII. 481, 1 b.
CAPE GUARDAFUI [gwar-da-fwee J, E. Africa,
III. 747.
Cape gum, VIII. 320, 2 b.
Cape Haitien [Fr. a-se-a ng ] : see CAPE HAYTIEN.
CAPE HAT TERAS, North Carolina, III. 748.
CAPE HAYTIEN [ha -te-en], seaport of Hayti,
III. 748.
CAPE HENLO PEN, Delaware, III. 748.
CAPE HENRY, Virginia, III. 748.
CAPE
Cape Henry, a former name of Cape Ilaytien,
III. 748, 1 ab.
CAPE HORN, South America, III. 748 (ill).
CAPE ISLAND, city : see CAPE MAY.
JAPEL , Arthur, lord, English royalist, III. 748.
Arthur, earl of Essex, 2 b.
}APEL, Thomas John, English clergyman, III.
748.
JAPE LA HAGUE [la tig], France, III. 749. Bat
tle of Cape La Hogue, 1 ab.
Cap elin, fish, XV. 57, 2 b.
APELL , Edward, English Shakespearian com
mentator, III. 749.
CAPEL LA, Martianus Milieus Felix, ancient
writer, III. 749.
apellari, Bartolommeo Alberto [ka-pel-la -re],
(Pope Gregory XVI.), VIII. 245, 1 be.
APELLO, Bianca, grand duchess of Tuscany,
III. 749.
JAPE LOOKOUT , North Carolina, III. 749.
JAPE MATAPAN , Greece, III. 749.
JAPE MAY, county, III. 749.
JAPE MAY, southern extremity of New Jersey,
III. 750. Town and bathing place, 1 a.
f ape May Court House, county seat, III. 750, 1 a.
CAPE NAU [now], S. Italy, III. 750.
Cape Noon : see CAPE NUN.
CAPE NORTH, Norway, III. 750.
CAPE NUN [noon], Morocco, III. 750.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, S. Africa, III. 750. First
doubling of the cape, VII. 004, 2 ab (G-AMA).
Cape of Good Hope, colony : see CAPE COLONY.
Cape of Storms, VII. 604, 2 b.
Cape Orford : see CAPE BLANCO, Oregon.
CAPE ORTEGAL , Spain, III. 750.
CAPE PAL MAS, Liberia, III. 750.
Cape Peak: see CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
CAPE PRINCE OF WALES, North America, III.
750.
CAPER, condiment, III. 750. Shrub, 1 a (ill.).
CAPE RACE, Newfoundland, III. 750.
Cape racer, bird, VI. 153, 1 c.
CAPERCAILZIE : see GROUSE, VIII. 270, 2 ab.
CAPE RIVER, Central America, III. 751.
CAPERNAUM [ka-per -na-um], town of Palestine,
III. 751. Ruins of synagogue (ill.).
CAPERS, William, American clergyman, III. 751.
Caper tree: see CAPER, and HYSSOP, IX. 139,
2 ab.
CAPE SABLE, Nova Scotia, III. 751. Florida,
2 ah.
CAPE SAN LUCAS, peninsula of California, III.
751.
CAPE SAN ROQUE [san ro -ka], Brazil, III. 751.
CAPITULATION
159
CAPE SPARTIVEN TO, S. Italy, III. 751.
CAPE ST. VINCENT, Portugal, III. 751. Naval
battle, XII. 220, 1 b (NELSON).
Cape St. Vincent, Viscount: see NAPIER, Sir
Charles, XII. 135, 1 a.
CAPET, Hugh [ka-pa], king of France, III. 751.
CAPETIANS, race of French kings, III. 752.
CAPE TOWN, capital of Cape Colony, III. 752
(view).
CAPE TRAFALGAR : see TRAFALGAR.
CAPE VERD, W. Africa, III. 753.
CAPE VERD ISLANDS, Portuguese colony, III.
753.
CAPE VINCENT, township and port of entry of
New York, III. 753.
CA PIAS, a Avrit, III. 753. C. ad respondendum,
2 ab. C. ad satisfaciendum, 2 b; VII. 20,
2 b and be. C. in withernam, III. 753, 2 b.
C. utlagatum, ib. See XII. 743, 1 ab ; XIV.
25, 1 a.
Capillar ity : see BAROMETER, II. 328, 1 a.
CAP ILLARY ACTION, III. 753.
CAPILLARY VESSELS, III. 753. Capillary plexus
or network, 2 c. Movement of blood in
them, IV. 608, 2 b. Contraction and dilata
tion of, IX. 275, 1 be.
CAPISTRA NUS, Johannes, Italian monk and
saint, III. 754.
Cap ita, disciplinary decrees of the council of
Trent, V. 423, 2 b.
Capital, in architecture : Doric, I. 656, 1 c ;
Ionic, 657, 2 a ; Corinthian, 2 c.
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, III. 754. Right of in
dividual revenge, 2 ab. Ancient codes, 2 c.
English laws, 755, 2 b ; American, 2 be.
Methods of execution, 2 c. Abolition of capi
tal punishment and of torture urged by Bec-
caria, II. 437, 1 c ; influence of his views, ib.
CAPITANATA [ka-pe-ta-na -ta], province: see
FOGGIA. Origin of the name, I. 608, 1 be.
CAPITOL, and Capitoline Hill, in Rome, III.
756. Modern capitol (ill.), ib. Piazza del
Campidoglio, 2 a.
Capitqlare library, of Verona, XVI. 322, 2 c.
CAP ITOLINE GAMES, III. 757.
Capitoline Hill : see CAPITOL, and XIV. 409,
1 ab and c; 410, 2 a.
CAPITOLI NUS, Julius, Roman historian, III. 757.
Capitol-inns, Mom: see Capitoline Hill (Index).
CAPITULARIES, laws of Frankish kings, III.
757. First collection of, 2 c. Capitula-
ria Regum Francorum, il). Charlemagne s
edicts, IV. 291, 1 ab; XIII. 665, 2 b.
CAPITULATION, in war, III. 757; examples of,
160
CAPITULATIONS
CARACALLA
ib. In German constitutional history, 1 c ;
VI. 586, 1 b.
Capitulations, Turkish, relating to foreign ju
risdiction, XVI. 58, 1 c; 59, 2 b.
CAPIZ [ka-peece J, town of the Philippines, III.
757.
CAPMANY Y MONTPALAU, Antonio de [kap-ma/-
ne e moant-pa-low ], Spanish writer, III. 758.
Capnio : see REUCHLIN.
Capno dium, fungus, VII. 532, 1 b.
Cap nomancy : see DIVINATION, VI. 153, 2 c.
Capobianco [ka-po-byan -ko], chief of the car
bonari, III. 771, 1 b.
CAPOCCI DI BELMONTE, Erneste [ka-pot -che de
bel-mon -ta], Italian astronomer, III. 758.
CAPO D ISTRIA [ka -po dis -tre-a], town of Aus
tria, III. 758.
CAPO D ISTKIA, or Capodistrias, a Greek noble
family, III. 758. John Anthony, count of,
president of Greece, 2 a ; referred to, II. 58,
2 b. Viaro, statesman and jurist, III. 758,
2 c. Augustine, president, 759, 1 a.
Capo lazzo.ro [ka -po lat -sa-ro], chief of the
lazzaroni, X. 243, 1 a.
Ca pon, a gelded cock, IV. 782, 1 c.
Caponniere [kap-un-neer ; Fr. ka-puh-nyair],
in fortification, VII. 332, 2 c.
Capote , in Albanian costume, I. 244, 2 b.
CAPPADO CIA, ancient division of Asia Minor,
III. 759. Cappadocia ad Pontum and ad
Taurum, 1 be.
Cap paris spino sa (botany), III. 750 (ill.).
CAPPE, Newcome [kap], English clergymr-n,
III. 759.
Cappel [kap -pel], Switzerland, battle of, XIV.
247, 1 b. See KAPPEL (Index).
CAPPEL [ka-pel], French family of jurists and
theologians, III. 759. Guillaume, 2 a.
Jacques, 2 ab. Louis the elder, 2 b. Jacques,
seigneur du Tilloy, 2 be. Louis the young
er, 2 c ; his Critica Sacra, ib. ; controversy
with the Buxtorfs on the date of the He
brew vowel points, ib.
CAPPO NI, Gino, marquis, Italian author, III.
759.
Cap ra (zoology), VIII. 56, 2 ab. C. regagrus,
2 c. C. Jemlahica, 57, 1 a. C. cossus and
C. imberbis, 1 b. C. hircns, 1 be (ill.). C.
ibex, IX. 142, 2 c (ill., 143). C. jaela, 143,
1 b. C. Caucasica, ib.
CAPRAJA [ka-pra -ya], island of Italy, III. 760.
CAPRARA, Giovanni Battista [ka-pra -ra], Ital
ian prelate and statesman, III. 760.
Capra ria : see CAPRAJA.
Cap rece : see CAPRI.
Capre olus caprce a (zoology), III. 385, 1 b;
XIV. 385, 2 a (ill.).
CAPRERA [ka-pra -ra], island of Italy, III. 760.
CAPRI [ka -pre], island of Italy, III. 760. Cliffs
of, 2 a (ill.). Town, ib. Wine of, IX. 468,
2 be.
CAP RICORN, constellation, III. 700, Tropic of
Capricorn, 761, 1 a.
Caprimul gidcB (ornithology), VIII. 58, 1 a.
Caprimul gus (ornithology), VIII. 58. 1 b ; III.
789, 2 a. C. Europeans, VIII. 58, 1 c.
Caps, Swedish faction, VIII. 339, 2 a.
Capsicine [kap -se-sin], active principle of cap
sicum, III. 761, 2 a.
CAPSICUM, genus of plants, III. 701. C. an-
nuum, 1 ab (ill.). C. frntescens, 2 a (ill.).
Use of, 2 ab.
Capstan, in a ship, XIV. 803, 2 ab.
CAP SVLE, in botany, III. 761. Parts of, 762,
1 a. Principal kinds of, i~b. (ills,).
Capsule of Glisson : see LIVER, X. 537, 1 ab.
CAPTAIN, military rank, III. 762.
Captain Jack, Modoc chief, III. 694, 1 b
(CANBY) ; XL 691, 2 a (MODOCS).
" Captains of liberty," VII. 676, 2 c (GENOA).
Cap tenus (entomology), X. 570, 2 b. C. fe-
mur-rubrum, 571, 2 a. C. spretus, 2 b.
CAP UA [Ital. ka -poo-a], city of Italy, III. 762.
Remains of amphitheatre, 703, 1 a (ill.).
CapucTie [ka-push], hood, III. 763, 1 b.
CAPUCHINS [kap-u-sheens ], religious congrega
tion, III. 763, and II. 355, 1 ab. In the
United States, III. 763, 2 a. O. Min. Cap.,
abbreviation, 2 ab. Referred to, XL 730,
2 be.
Ca put ca li (anatomy), III. 539, 1 c.
Caput jejunii, Ash Wednesday, X. 343, 2 be.
Caput lupinum gcrere, a state of outlawry,
XII. 742, 2 c.
CAPYBA RA, rodent animal, III. 763 (ill.);
XIV. 382, 2 c.
Caqueta [ka-ka -ta], river : see JAPTTRA.
Car, railroad, XIV. 181, 1 be. First passen
ger car (ill.), 171, 2 a. Double bogie, 172,
1 c. Compromise cars, 173, 2 c. Pullman
parlor car, 181, 2 be (ill.). Freight cars,
182, 1 b.
Carabine d tige [ka-ra-been a teezh], XIV. 329,
2 c (ill., 330).
CARABO BO, state of Venezuela, III. 764.
Town, 1 c.
Car acal, animal (lynx), X. 754, 2 c.
CARACAI/LA, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Ro-
CARACARA
CAROASO
161
man emperor, III. 764; I. 271, 1 c. Baths
of Caracalla, II. 383, 2 b (plan).
Caracara, Brazilian eagle, VI. 350, 2 a (ill.).
CARACAS [ka-ra -kass], state of Venezuela, III.
764. City and capital, 705, 1 a.
CARACCIOLI, Domenico, marquis [ka-rat -cho-
le], Neapolitan statesman, III. 7G5. Fran
cesco, prince, admiral, 2 ab ; arrested and ex
ecuted, 2 b ; XII. 221, 1 ab.
CARAC TACUS, king of the Silures, III. 705.
Caradoc, Col., Lord Howden, II. 217, 2 b.
CARAFA DE COLOBRAXO, Michele [ka-ra -fa da
ko-lo-bra -no], Italian composer, III. 705.
Caraffa, Giovanni Pietro (Pope Paul IV.),
XIII. 171, 1 c.
CA RAITES : see KARAITES. Referred to, XIV.
514, 2 a.
Car alis, ancient town : see CAGLIARI, III.
548, 1 a.
Carali tis, II. 479, 1 ab (BEGSIIEIIER).
Caral lis, lake, II. 479, 1 ab (BEGSIIEIIER).
CARAMAX , town of Asia Minor, III. 706.
Ca/raman, Count [ka-ra-ma ng j, prince of Chi-
may, IV. 430, 1 c.
CARAMA XIA, former province of Asia Minor,
III. 760.
Car amel, burnt sugar, XV. 441, 2 a.
CARAT [kar -at], imaginary weight, III. 700.
CARAVAGGIO [ka-ra-vad -jo], town of Italy, III.
766.
CARAVAGGIO, Michel Angelo Amerighi da, Ital
ian painter, III. 700. Polidoro Caldara da,
painter, 767, 1 a.
CARAVAN AXD CARAVANSARY, III. 767. Cara
van-bash i, 1 c.
CARAVEL LAS, seaport of Brazil, III. 767.
CAR AWAY, fruit or seeds of carum carui, III.
767 (ill., 768).
CARBAZOTIC ACID : see PICRIC ACID.
Carbides [kar -bids] : see CARBURETS.
Car bine, horseman s musket, XII. 100, 2 b.
Carbohy drates, aliments of plants, XIII. 581,
1 c.
Car bolates, compounds of carbolic acid, III.
768, 2 be.
CARBOI/IO ACID, III. 768. Synonymes of, 1 ab.
Carbolic acid paper, 2 c. How distinguished
from creosote, 769, 1 b. Method of obtaining
it pure, 1 c ; crystallized, 2 be. As an antisep
tic, I. 571, 2 be; XII. 61, 1 be. Production
of in the body, I. 524, 1 be. Amount per
missible in respired air, XVI. 452, 2 b.
CAR BON, III. 769. Forms of, 2 c. Volatility
at high temperatures, 770, 1 c. Its most
11
valuable qualities, ib. Gas carbon, 1 a, 2 b.
Carbon as a conductor in galvanism, VII.
591, 1 c.
CARBOX, two counties, III. 770.
Carbon, bisulphide of: see CARBOX BISULPHIDE,
and XV. 454, 2 c.
CARBONARI [kar-bo-na -re], secret political so
ciety, III. 771. In Italy, 1 b. In France,
2ab.
CARBONATES, III. 772; IX. 411, 1 be. Car
bonate of lime, III. 772, 1 c; X. 479, 1 c.
CARBOXDALE, city of Pennsylvania, III. 772.
Carbon dioxide, synonyme, III. 775, 1 a.
CARBOX BISULPHIDE, III. 772; XV. 454, 2 c.
Synonymes, III. 772, 2 b. Various uses, 773,
1 b. Bisagreeable effect in illuminating
gas, 2 a. Carbon monosulphide and sesqui-
sulphide, ib. Sulpho-carbonates, ib.
CARBONIC ACID GAS, III. 773. In badly ven
tilated wells and mines, 1 c ; how removed,
774, 1 b. Effect on leaden water pipes, &c.,
2 ab. Solidified by Faraday and by Thilo-
rier, 2 b. Proportion in the atmosphere,
773, 2 c ; II. 83, 2 be ; in expired air, 84, 1 c.
Carbonic anhydride, synonyme, III. 775, 1 a.
CARBOXIC OXIDE, III. 775. Poisonous quality
of, 1 c ; II. 84, 1 c,
Carboniferous series, in geology, VII. 097, 1 a;
see table, 694.
Carbonized iron, for gun barrels, VII. 356, 2 c.
Carbon monoxide : see CARBOXIC OXIDE.
Carbon oil acid: see CARBOLIC ACID.
Carbon points, VI. 511, 1 ab (ELECTRIC LIGHT).
Carbon j)rints, in photography, XIII. 472, 2 c.
Carbon process, in photography, XIII. 471, 2 be.
Carboy, large bottle for acids, III. 145, 1 c.
CAR BUXCLE, swelling and ulccration, III. 775.
Malignant carbuncle, XII. 60, 1 ab ; XIV.
98, 1 ab.
CARBUXCLE, precious stone, III. 775; XIV.
626, 2 be,
Carbun cular fever, XII. 00, 1 be.
Carbunculus : see CARBUXCLE, precious stone.
Carburet of sulphur, synonyme, III. 772, 2 b.
CARBURETS, III. 775.
CARBURETTED HYDROGEN, III. 775. Light car-
buretted hydrogen, 776, 1 a. Olefiant gas,
1 be.
CARBU RIS, Marino, count, Greek engineer, III.
776.
CARCAJEXTE [kar-ka- k hain -ta], town of Spain,
III. 776.
Car cajou, animal, VIII. 47, 1 a (GLUTTON).
Carca so, ancient town : see CARCASSONNE.
162
CARCASSONNE
CARIBOU
CARCASSONNE [kar-kas sun], city of France, III.
776(111.)-
Cared lamp, X. 129, 2 a; VII. 488, 2 b.
Carchari ada (ichthyology), XIV. 827, 1 be.
Carcha rias (ichthyology), XIV. 827, 1 c. C.
vulgaris, 2 a (ill.). C. glaucus, 2 c. C. ob-
scurus, 828, 1 ab. C. ceeruleus, 1 b. C. At-
\voodi, ib.
Car cinoids, crustaceans, VI. 663, 2 a.
Carci nus mce nas, crustacean, V. 449, 2 c.
CAR DAMOM, aromatic seeds, III. 777. Plants,
ib., ff.(ills.). Referred to, VIII. 145, 1 a.
CARDAN, Jerome, Italian scholar and physician,
III. 777 ; I. 301, 2 c. Formula of Cardan, I.
302, 1 a. Asserts the possibility of instruct
ing the deaf and dumb, V. 730, 2 a. Re
ferred to, VI. 439, 1 be.
CAR DENAS, city of Cuba, III. 778. The " Amer
ican city," 2 a.
Card-end, in cotton manufacture, V. 413, 2 c.
Carder lee, II. 458, 1 ab.
CAE DI, Ludovico, Florentine painter, III. 778.
Cardia, orifice in the stomach, I. 317, 2 c.
Cardiac dropsy, VI. 266, 1 c.
CARDIFF, town of Wales, III. 778; view, 779.
CARDIGAN, seaport of Wales, III. 779. Castle
of Cardigan, 1 b.
CARDIGAN, James Thomas Brudenell, earl of,
British general, III. 779. Leader of the
" deatli charge " at Balaklava, 2 b, and II.
231, 2 c,
CARDIGANSHIRE, county of Wales, III. 779.
CARDINAL, ecclesiastical title, III. 780. Classes
of cardinals, 1 b.
CARDINAL BIRD, III. 780 (ill.).
Cardinal flower, X. 558, 2 a.
Cardinal grosbeak : see CARDINAL BIRD.
Cardinalis Virginianus (ornithology). III. 780,
2 b (ill.).
CARDINAL VIRTUES, III. 781.
Carding, of cotton, V. 413, 2 b ; of flax, VII.
265, 1 b ; of wool, XVI. 718, 2 c.
Carding machine, invention and improvement
of, III. 781, 2 ab. Its operation, V. 413,
2b.
Cardington home, alluded to, II. 449, 2 c.
Cardi tw, heart disease, VIII. 562, 2 a.
Car dium, mollusk, IV. 788, 1 b. C. edule,
1 c (ill.). C. aculeatum, 2 a. C. Islandi-
cum, ib.
CARDROSS, town of Scotland, III. 781. Castle
hill, 1 be.
CARDS, in cloth manufacture, III. 781. In
vention of cylinder cards and the carding
machine, 2 ab. Whittemore s machine for
making cards, 2 be ; its operation, ib.
CARDS, Manufacture of, III. 782.
CARDS, Playing, III. 782. Hindoo cards, 2 b
(ill.). Chinese cards, 2 c (ill.). Old Ger
man cards, 783, 1 b (ill.). Origin of the
marks on cards, 2 a. Modern pack, 2 be.
CARDUCHI [kar-du -kc], ancient warlike tribe,
III. 783.
Cardue lis spi nus (ornithology), III. 692, 1 be.
C. communis, ib.
Car duus (botany), XV. 712, 2 a.
CARDWELL, Edward, English clergyman, III.
784. Edward, statesman, 1 ab.
CAREME, Marie Antoine [ka-raim], French
cook, III. 784.
Cares [kar], his process of stereotyping, XIII.
850, 1 c.
CAREW , Thomas, English poet, III. 784.
Ca rex (botany), XIV. 747, 1 c. C. umbellata
(ill.), 2 a. C. striata, 748, 1 a. C. arenaria,
ib. C. sylvatica, ib.
CA REY, Henry, English poet and musician,
III. 784. Reputed author of " God Save the
King," 2 ab. George Saville, dramatic poet,
2b.
CAREY, Henry Charles, American political
economist, III. 784. Principles of political
economy, 2 be; XIII. 675, 1 c, ff.; XVI.
201, 2 c. On money, XL 735, 2 c.
CAREY, Mathew, American publisher and au
thor, III. 785. His " Olive Branch," 2 be;
" New Olive Branch," 2 c. Views on politi
cal economy, ib. ; XIII. 675, 1 b.
CAREY, William, English missionary and orien
tal scholar, III. 786; XL 641, 2 be, 646, 2 b.
Carfax, locality in Oxford, XII. 762, 2 a.
Carfou, a form of curfew, V. 582, 1 c.
CARGILL, Donald [kar -ghil], Scotch Covenanter
and leader of the Cameronians, III. 786.
Wounded at Both well Bridge, 1 c. San-
quhar declaration, 2 a.
CARHEIL, fitienne de [kar-ail], Jesuit mission
ary in Canada, III. 786.
CA RIA, ancient country of Asia Minor, III. 786.
Cari aciis (zoology), V. 758, 2 c. C. Virgini
anus, ib. (ill., 759). C. nemoralis, &c., 760,
1 a. C. Richardsonii, 1 be (ill.). C. Mexi-
canus, ib. ; III. 385, 1 be. C. leucurus, V. 760,
2 a. C. macrotis, 2 b (ill.) ; III. 385, 1 be.
CARIBBEAN SEA, III. 787.
CA RIBBEE ISLANDS: see ANTILLES, and WEST
INDIES.
CARIBOU [kar-e-boo ], American reindeer, III.
CARIBOUS
CARLYLE
163
787 (ill.). Woodland caribou, 1 ab, c, 2 c.
Barren ground caribou, 1 ab, 2 c.
Caribous, tribe in Alaska, IX. 787, 2 c.
CA EIBS, Indian nation, III. 788 ; XVI. 5G6,
2 c.
CA KICA (botany), III. 788. C. digitata or spi-
nosa, 2 a (ill.). 0. papaya, ib.; XIII. 44,
2 c (ill., 45).
CARIES [ka -re-ecz], inflammation of bone, III.
788. Distinguished from necrosis, 2 b.
Causes of, and treatment, 2 be.
Carignan [Fr. ka-re-nya""]: see CARIGXAXO.
CARIGXAXO [ka-re-nya -no], town of Italy, III.
789.
Carillon, Fort [ka-re-lyo ng ] : see TICOXDKEOGA.
Carillons: see CHIMES, IV. 437, 1 ab.
Carina ria, mollusk, XL 722, 2 a ; XII. 531,
1 a (ill., 530).
CARIXI [ka-re -ne], town of Sicily, III. 789.
CABIX TIIIA, duchy of Austria, III. 789.
GARI XUS, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor,
III. 789.
CARIPE [ka-re -pa], town of Venezuela, III. 789.
Cavern inhabited by birds, 2 a.
CA RISBROOKE, village of England, III. 789.
Carisbrooke castle, 2 b (ill.). Charles I. con
fined in it, 2 c.
CARISSIMI, Giovanni Giacomo [ka-ris -se-me],
Italian composer, III. 790.
CarizmianS) tribe of: see KIIAEESM, IX. 818,
2b.
Carl Benson, nom de plume, III. 291, 2 ab.
CARLEE , village of Hindostan, III. 790. Bud
dhist cave temple, 1 c (ill.).
CABLES", Emilia Schmidt Flygare [kar-lain J,
Swedish novelist, III. 790.
CARLETON [karl -tun], two counties, III. 790.
CARLETOX, Sir Guy, Lord Dorchester, British
general, III. 791.
CARLETOX, William, Irish novelist, III. 791.
CARLI, Dionigi [kar -le], Italian missionary, III.
791.
CARLI, Giovanni Binaldo, count, Italian econo
mist and antiquary, III. 791.
Carlings, food for Lent, X. 344, 2 a.
CARLIXO [kar-le -no], (Carlo Antonio Berti-
nazzi), Italian pantomimist, III. 791.
Carlimille, county seat, X. 805, 2 ab.
Carli-Rubbi [-roob -be] : see CARLI, G. R.
CARLISLE [kar-lile j, borough of Pennsylvania,
III. 791. Carlisle sulphur springs, 2 c.
Carlisle, county seat, XII. 429, 1 be.
CARLISLE, city of England, III. 791. Castle,
792, 1 a (ill.).
CARLISLE, Sir Anthony, English surgeon and
physiologist, III. 792.
CARLISLE, Frederick Howard, earl of, English
statesman, III. 792. George William Fred
erick (Lord Morpeth), earl of, 2 a. Lord
William Howard, earl of, clergyman, 2 be.
Carlists, adherents of Don Carlos, insurrec
tion of, IX. 423, 1 b; XV. 214, 2 be ; 216,
2 ab, ff. ; VI. 740, 1 a.
CARLOS, Don [kar -loce], crown prince of Spain,
III. 792. Pretenders to the crown of Spain :
Carlos Maria Isidor, 793, 1 a; Carlos Luis
Maria Fernando, count of Montemolin, 1 c ;
Carlos Juan Maria Isidor, 2 a ; Carlos Maria
Juan Isidor, the present pretender, ib. Don
Alfonso, his brother and supporter, ib. See
SPAIX, XV. 214, 2 ab, ff.
Carlomngian architecture, I. 662, 2 a.
Carlomngian cycle, of chivalric romances, IV.
292, 1 b.
CARLOVIXGIAXS, imperial and royal family,
III. 793 ; VII. 752, 2 b. Carlo vingian em
perors, III. 793, 1 b, c ; kings of Germany,
1 c ; of France, 794, 1 a ; of Italy, 1 ab.
CAR LOVITZ, town of Austria, III. 794. Treaty
of, 1 c; XV. 104, 2c.
CARLOW, county of Ireland, III. 794. Town,
2 ab.
CARLS BAD [Ger. karls -bat], town of Bohemia,
III. 794. Origin of the name, 2 be. Springs,
ib. Congress of the German powers, 2 c ;
its decrees against political unions among
university students, 795, 1 a.
CARLSBFRG [karls -boorg], town of Transylva
nia, III. 795.
CARLSCROXA [karls -kroo-na], seaport of Swe
den, III. 795.
CARLSHAMX [karls -ham], seaport of Sweden,
III. 795.
CARLSOX, Fredrik Ferdinand, Swedish histo
rian, III. 795.
CARLSRUHE [karls -roo-eh], capital of Baden,
III. 795. New theatre, 2 b (ill.).
CARLSTAD [karl -stat], town of Sweden, III. 790.
CARLSTADT, town of Croatia: sea KARLSTADT.
CARLSTADT, Andreas, German reformer, III.
796 ; I. 17, 1 b. Carlstadtians, or Sacra-
mentarians, III. 796, 2 b.
Carl Sunday, in Lent, X. 344, 2 a.
CARLTOX, county, III. 796.
Carludom ca palma ta (botany), XV. 413, 2 c.
Carlyle, county seat, IV. 685, 2 b.
CARLYLE , Joseph Dacre, English oriental schol
ar, III. 796.
164
CARLYLE
CARON
CAELYLE, Thomas, British author, III. 796.
"Sartor Resartus," analysis of, 797, 2 ab.
Change of style, 2 be. Characterization,
798, 2 a, Prussian order conferred upon
him, XI. 135, 2 a.
CARMAGXOLA [kar-ma-nyo -la], town of Italy,
III. 799.
CAEMAGXOLA, Francesco, Italian condottiere,
III. 799.
CARMAGNOLE [kar-ma-nytil], French revolu
tionary song and dance, III. 799.
CAEMAE THEX, town of Wales, III. 799.
CARMARTHENSHIRE, county of Wales, III. 799.
Carmel, county seat, XIV. 99, 1 c.
CARMEL, Mount, Palestine, III. 799.
Carmelite nuns, founder of the order, II. 586,
1 c.
CARMELITES, order of friars, III. 799. Female
branch, 800, 1 b ; in France, II. 586, 1 c.
Discalced Carmelites, III. 800, 1 b. Car
melites in the United States, 1 c. Con
vents of Carmelite nuns, ib. Scapular of
our Lady of Mount Carmel, ib. ; XIV. 663,
2 ab. See MONACHISM, XI. 730, 1 be.
Car men Scecula re, I. 586, 2 a.
Carmi, county seat, XVI. 602, 2 c.
CARMINE, ILL 800. Carmine lake, 2 a. Dis
covery of, 2 ab. Preparation of, 2 b.
Carmo, ancient town: see CARMOXA.
CARMO XA, city of Spain, IV. 5 (ill.).
Carmontel: see CARMOXTELLE.
CARMOXTELLE [kar-mo ng -tel], French playwright
and artist, IV. 5.
CARXAC, town of Brittany, IV. 6. Celtic or
druidical monument, 2 a (ill.).
Carnallite, mineral, X. 852, 1 c ; XIII. 757, 1 a;
759, 2 c.
CARXAR VOX, town of Wales, IV. 6. Carnar
von castle, 7, 1 a (ill., 6).
CARXARVOXSHIEE, county of "Wales, IV. 7.
Carnassiers [kar-nas-se-a], Cuvier s zoological
order of, IV. 12, 1 a.
Carnata [kar-na -ta], former Hindoo kingdom,
IV. 7, 1 c.
CARXAT IC, province of British India, IV. 7;
IX. 201, 2 a.
Carnation pink, XIII. 531, 2 b (ill.).
CARXE, Louis Marcein, count de [dun kar-na],
French author, IV. 7. Louis de, explorer, 2 b.
CARXEADES [kar-ne -a-deez], Greek philoso
pher, IV. 7. Substance of his philosophy,
8, 1 a. Attempted proof of the non-exist
ence of God, 1 b. See PHILOSOPHY, XIIL
438, 2 ab.
CAEXEIA [kar-ne -ya], Spartan festival, IV. 8.
CARXELIAN [kar-ne -lyan], mineral, IV. 8.
Carnesville, county seat, VII. 433, 2 b.
Garni, Italic race, IX. 439, 1 a.
CARXICER, Ramon [kar-ne-thair J, Spanish com
poser, IV. 8.
CAEXIO LA, duchy of Austria, IV. 9.
CAE XIVAL, festival, IV. 9.
Car ni va le (farewell to flesh), origin of the
word carnival, IV. 9, 1 c.
CARXIV OEA, order of mammals, IV. 10. Geo
graphical distribution, 12, 1 a. Classification
of Cuvier, 1 ab ; of Agassiz, 1 b ; of Owen, ib.
CABXOCHAX, John Murray [kar -no-kan], Amer
ican surgeon, IV. 12.
CARXOT, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite [kar-no],
French statesman and tactician, IV. 12. His
"Geometry of Position " and "Theory of
Transversals," VII. 702, 1 b. Law of Carnot
(Sady, his son, d. 1832) : see HEAT, VIII. 579, 2
ab. Lazare Hippoly te, statesman, IV. 13, 2 b.
CARXUN TUM, ancient town of Pannonia,IV. 14.
Carnu tum Civ itas, ancient town : see CHAR-
TEES, IV. 325, 1 b.
Carol lean, V. 616, 2 b.
CAEOLAN, Turlough, Irish bard, IV. 14.
CAROLINA : see NOHTH CAROLINA, and SOUTH
CAEOLINA. First settled, XII. 495, 2 a ; XVI.
151, 2 c. Origin of the name, il. Constitu
tion by Locke, X. 566, 2 b; XII. 495, 2 b.
Divided into North and South, XVI. 152, 1 a.
Carolina criminalis, statutes of Charles V., V.
9, 2 a.
Carolina laurel cherry, X. 209, 1 a.
CAROLINA MARIA, queen of Naples, IV. 14.
Carolina parrot, XIII. 125, 2 c.
Carolina red bay, tree, X. 209, 1 ab.
Carolina sisters, the: see MONSTER, XL 765,
2 ab.
Carolina tit, bird, II. 676, 2 be.
CAEOLINE, two counties, IV. 14.
Caroline, steamer, destruction of, X. 801, 2 b.
CAROLINE AMELIA AL T GTJSTA, queen of England,
IV. 14. See GEOEGE IV., VII. 709, 2 c, 710,
1 c ; BERGAMI, II. 554.
CAROLINE ISLANDS, or New Philippines, IV. 15.
CAROLIXE MATILDA, queen of Denmark, IV. 15.
Carolingiam : see CARLOVIXGIAXS.
Carolop olis, medieval town: see CHARLEVILLE.
Car om, in billiard playing, II. 642, 1 b, 2 a.
Carom table, 641, 2 b (ill.).
CAROX, Franciscus, Dutch navigator, IV. 15.
Caron, Pierre Augustin [ka-ro ng ] : see BEAU-
MARCIIAIS.
GABON
CAEBINGTON S
165
CARON, Rene" Edouard, Canadian jurist and
statesman, IV. 16.
CAROOR , town of British India, IV. 10.
CAROUGE [ka-roozh], town of Switzerland, IV.
10.
CAROVE, Friedrich Wilhelm [ka-ro-va J, German
philosopher and publicist, IV. 1C.
CARP, fish, IV. 16 (ill.). Gold tish (golden carp),
17, 1 a. Crucian carp, ib.
CARPACCIO, Vittore [kar-put -cho], Venetian
painter, IV. 17.
Carpadu cus (ornithology), VII. 193, 1 c. C.
pnrpureus, il). (ill.). C. Californicus and C.
Cassinii, 2 b.
CARPJS A, ancient dance, IV. 17.
CARPANI, Giuseppe [kar-pa -ne], Italian drama
tist and writer on music, IV. 17.
CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS, IV. 17.
CAR FATIIUS : see SCARPANTO.
Carp Iream, fish, III. 240, 2 a.
CARPEAUX, Jean Baptiste [kar-po], French
sculptor, IV. 18. (Died 1875.)
Carpel, in botany, XIII. 587, 2 a.
CARPENTARIA, Gulf of, Australia, IV. 18.
CARPENTER, Lant, English clergyman and au
thor, IV. 18.
CARPENTER, William Benjamin, English physi
ologist, IV. 18. Description of the epider
mis, V. 191, 2 b. Views on animal magnet
ism, I. 527, 1 be. Sea dredgings, IV. 19, 1 c ;
referred to, II. 78, 1 ab, 391, 1 a.
Carpenter lees, II. 458, 2 be (ill.).
Carpenter moth, referred to, IV. 107, 1 ab.
Carpenter? hall, Philadelphia, XIII. 392, 2 a;
XVI. 155, 2 b.
Carpentorac te, ancient town: see CARPEN-
TRAS.
CARPENTRAS [kar-pa ng -tri A i], city of France, IV.
19.
CARPET, IV. 19. Ancient carpets, 2 c. Per
sian, 20, 1 a. Kidderminster or ingrain, 2 a.
Three-ply, 2 ab ; Bigelow s power loom for,
2 b. Brussels, 21, 2 b. Wilton (moquette),
2 c. Imperial Brussels, ib. Venetian, 22,
1 ab. Patent wool mosaic, 1 b. Exports
from Great Britain, 1 be.
CARPI [kar -pe], town of Modena, Italy, IV.
22. Of Verona, 2 a.
CARPI, Ugo da, Italian painter and engraver,
IV. 22.
CARPINI, Giovanni di Piano [kar-pe -ne], Italian
monk and traveller, IV. 22.
CARPING, town of S. Italy, IV. 22.
Carpi nus (botany), VIII. 819, 1 b. C. Ameri
cana, ib. C. betulus, 2 a (ill). C. orien-
talis, 2 b.
Carpo, one of the Horse, VIII. 816, 1 c.
Carpocapsa pomonella (entomology), XL 870,
1 be.
Carpocras : see CARPOCRATES.
CARPOCRATES [kar-pok -ra-teez], Alexandrian
theologian, IV. 22. Gnostic school of, VIII.
54, 1 a, 2 be; XV. 139, 2 c.
Carpocratians, sect, VIII. 54, 1 a, 2 be ; XV.
139, 2 c.
Carpopli aga (ornithology), XIII. 505, 2 a. C.
cenea, 2 b (ill.) ; XII. 543, 1 c.
Carpozy ma apicala ta, alcoholic ferment, XVI.
776, 2 b.
CARPZOV [Ger. karp -tsofe], family of learned
Germans, IV. 23.
CARR, Dabney, American patriot, IV. 23.
CARR, Sir Robert, British commissioner in New
England, IV. 23.
Carr, Robert, earl of Somerset: see OVER-
BURY, XII. 746, 1 b.
CARRACCI, Ludovico [kar-rat -che], Italian
painter, IV. 23. Agostino, 2 c. Annibale,
24, 1 a. Francesco, 1 c.
CARRAGEEN [kar -ra-gheeri], or Irish Moss, IV.
25; I. 299, 2 b.
CARRANZA, Bartolome de [kar-ran -tha], Span
ish prelate, IV. 24.
CARRARA [kar-ra -ra], city of Italy, IV. 24.
Academy of sculpture, 2 b.
CARRARA MARBLE, IV. 24. How Parian differs
from it, 2 b. Varieties of, 2 c. Analysis of,
25, 1 a.
CARRE, Michel [ka-ra], French dramatist, IV. 25.
CARREL, Nicolas Armand [ka-rel], French jour
nalist, IV. 25.
CARRENO DE MIRANDA, Juan [kar-ra -nyo da
me-ran -da], Spanish painter, IV. 25.
CARRERA, Rafael [kar-ra -ra], president of Gua
temala, IV. 25 ; I. 372, 2 a.
CARRET TO, Francesco Saverio, marquis of, Nea
politan minister of police, IV. 26.
CARRICKFER GUS, seaport of Ireland, IV. 26.
Carrickfergus castle, 2 c (ill.).
CARRIER, Jean Baptiste [ka-re-a], French revo
lutionist, IV. 26.
CARRIERE, Moritz [ka-re-air ], German philos
opher, IV. 27.
CARRIER PIGEON, IV. 27 (ill.). Training of, 28,
1 a, c. Use of during the siege of Paris, I.
149, 1 a.
CARRIGALINE , parish of Ireland, IV. 28.
Carringtori 1 s observations, on the sun s rota-
166
CARRION
CARTONAGE
tions, XV. 471, 2 b; on the sun s spots,
474, 2 a.
Carrion bird (Canada jay), IX. 580, 1 a.
Carrion crow, XVI. 413, 2 b (ill.).
Carrion flower, XV. 113, 2 c.
Carrizo [kar-re -so], county seat, XVI. 806, 2 be.
CARRO, Jean de, German physician, IV. 28.
Carrol, Susanna: see CEXTLIVRE, IV. 204, 1 b.
CARROLL, name of fourteen counties, IV. 28.
CARROLL, Charles, of Carrollton, American pa
triot, IV. 30.
CARROLL, John, American prelate, IV. 31.
Carroll, William, American general, duel with
Jesse Benton, IX. 488, 2 a.
Carrollton, county seats, IV. 29, 1 c, 2 a, 2 b ;
30, 1 b, 2 a, 2 b; VIII. 228, 2 b; XIII. 497,
1 b.
Carrollton, town of Louisiana, XII. 321, 2 a;
325, 2 c ; 328, 2 be.
CARROX, river of Scotland, IV. 31.
Carron, Franciscus : see CAROX.
Carronades, kind of cannon, XII. 185, 1 c.
Origin of the name, IV. 31, 2 ab,
Carron oil, X. 513, 2 be.
CARROT, plant, IV. 31. Cultivation of, 2 b, ff.
Carroted skins : see HAT. VIII. 510, 2 c.
Carrousel, Place du [plas du kar-roo-zel], pal
ace court, Paris, XIII. 79, 2 c.
Carrucci, Jacopo [kar-root -che] : see POXTOR-
MO. II.
CARSOX, Christopher (Kit Carson), American
trapper and soldier, IV. 32.
CARSOX CITY, capital of Nevada, IV. 32.
CARSTAIRS, or Carstares, William, Scottish di
vine, IV. 32. Charged with complicity in the
Rye House plot, and put to the torture, 2 c.
CARSTEXS, Asmus Jakob, German painter, IV.
33.
CARTAGE XA [Sp. kar-ta- k ha -na], seaport of
Spain, IV. 33 (view).
CARTAGEXA, city of Colombia, IV. 33 ; view, 34.
CARTAGO [kar-ta -go], city of Colombia, IV. 34.
CARTAGO, town of Costa Rica, IV. 34.
Cartaph ilus, the wandering Jew, XVI. 446,
1 be.
CARTE, Thomas, English scholar, IV. 34.
Carte, in fencing, VII. 120, 2 b.
CARTER, name of three counties, IV. 35.
CARTER, Elizabeth, English authoress, IV. 35.
CAR TERET, county, IV. 35.
Carteret, Sir George, proprietary of New Jer
sey, XII. 311, 1 a; XVI. 151, 2 a.
Carteret, John: see GRANVILLE, VIII. 162, 1 c.
CARTERET, Philip, English navigator, IV. 35.
Carteret, Philip, governor of New Jersey,
XII. 311, 1 ab.
Carter sville, county seat, II. 353, 1 b.
Cartesian philosophy : see DESCARTES, VI. 37,
2 a; PHILOSOPHY, 441, 1 a.
CARTESIUS : see DESCARTES.
CARTHAGE, ancient city and state of Africa,
IV. 35. Early history, 2 b. Possessions, 36,
1 c. Trade, 2 b; with Britain, III. 294, 1 a.
Political constitution, IV. 36, 2 be. Lan
guage, &c., 37, 1 ab. Description of the
city, 1 c. Carthaginian cistern (ill.), 2 a.
Religion, 2 be. History, 38. 1 a. Sicilian
wars, 1 ab; I. 208, 1 ab; VIII. 412, 2 ab;
XI. 418, 1 be; XV. 22, 1 c; 542, 2 be, 543,
1 a. Wars in Spain, XV. 210, 1 be. (See
HAMILCAB and HASDRUBAL.) First Punic
war, IV. 38, 2 b ; second, 2 c ; third, 39, 1 b.
Destruction of Carthage : see CONFLAGRA
TION, V. 235, 1 a.
Carthage, ruined aqueduct of, I. 611, 2 b (ill.).
Great conference of, VI. 208, 2 c. Council
at: see CYPRIAX, V. 615, 1 be.
Carthage, county seats, VI1L435, la; IX. 571,
2 b; X. 268, 1 a; XI. 801, 2 a; XIII. 38,
2 c; XV. 115, 1 b.
CARTHAGEXA : see CARTAGEXA.
Carthago: see CARTHAGE.
CARTHAGO NOVA : see CARTAGEXA, Spain.
Cartham ic acid, XIV. 516, 2 b.
CARTHAMIXE [kar -tha-min] : see SA.FFLOWEB,
XIV. 516, 2 b.
Carthamus (botany), XIV. 516, 1 c. C. tinc-
torius, 1 b (ill.). Preparation of rouge from
its leaves, 449, 1 b.
CARTHEUSER, Johann Friedrich [kart -hoi-zer],
German physician and naturalist, IV. 39.
CARTHU SIAXS, branch of the Benedictines, IV.
39; XI. 730, 1 b. Carthusian monk (ill.),
IV. 40, 1 a, Origin of the name, 39, 1 c ;
III. 360, 2 b.
CARTIER, Sir George Etienne [kar-tya], Cana
dian statesman, IV. 40. His ministry re
ferred to, VII. 585, 1 b.
CARTIER, Jacques, French navigator, IV. 40.
CARTILAGE (anatomy), IV. 41. Temporary
cartilages, 2 c. Permanent, articular, and
membraniform, ib. Substance and cells of
cartilage, 42, 1 a (ill.). Fibro-cartilage, 2 c.
Cartilages, cuneiform, or cartilages of Wris-
berg, XVI. 738, 1 a.
Cartismaridua, queen of the Brigantes, III.
765, 2 be.
Cartonage, mummy case, XII. 38, 2 a.
CARTONPIERRE
CASCADES
167
Cartonpierre ornaments [kar-to ng -pyair] : see
PAPIEK MACHE, XIII. 54, 1 o.
Cartoon , in fresco painting, VII. 482, 2 a.
Cartoons of Raphael, il. ; XIV. 206, 2 be.
CARTOUCHE, Louis Dominique [kar-toosh],
French robber, IV. 43.
Cartridges, metallic, I. 429, 1 c; paper, first
introduced, 747, 1 b.
CARTWRIGIIT, Edmund, English clergyman and
inventor, IV. 43.
CARTWRIGIIT, John, English political reformer,
IV. 43.
CARTWEIGIIT, Peter, American clergyman, IV.
44.
CARTWRIGIIT, Thomas, English Puritan divine,
IV. 44.
Ca rum ca rui (botany), III. 767.
Carum pctroseli num (botany), XIII. 129, 2 b
(ill.).
CARUPANO [ka-roo -pa-no], town of Venezuela,
IV. 44.
CARUS, Karl Gustav [ka -roos], German phy
sician and naturalist, IV. 44. His classifica
tion of birds, XII. 707, 1 c; of mammals,
XI. 80, 2 c; of reptiles, VIII. 693, 2 ab.
Anatomical theory of the skeleton, XIII.
424, la; V. 186, 1 b.
CA RUS, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor,
IV. 45.
CARUS, Victor Julius, German zoologist, IV.
45. Friedrich August, philosopher, 1 b.
Ernst August, professor of surgery, ib.
Carusbur, mediaeval town: see CHERBOURG.
Carvqjal [kar-va- k hal ], two brothers, legend
of, VII. 136, 1 a.
CARVAJAL, Tomas Jose Gonzales, Spanish au
thor, IV. 45.
CARVALIIO E MELLO [kar-va -lyo a mel -lo] : see
POMBAL.
CARVER, county, IV. 45.
CARVER, John, governor of Plymouth colony,
IV. 45.
CARVER, Jonathan, American traveller, IV. 45.
CARVIX [kar-va" B ], town of France, IV. 45.
Carving machine, inventor of, II. 108, 2 c.
CA RY, Alice, American author, IV. 45. Phoebe,
poetess, 46, 1 b.
CART, Archibald, American patriot (" Old
Iron ), IV. 46.
GARY, Henry Francis, English clergyman and
writer, IV. 46.
CARY, Lott, one of the founders of Liberia
IV. 47.
Gary, Thomas G., scientific collector, I. 177, 1 b.
Ca rya (botany), VIII. 715, 1 c. C. amara,
2 be. C. porcina, 2 c. C. microcarpa, 716,
1 a. C. tomentosa, 1 b (ills.). C. alba, 2 a.
C. sulcata, 2 b. C. olivseformis, il). ; X11I.
220, 2 b (ill., 221). C. myristicaaformis, ib.
Caryal ic figures, Egyptian, I. 654, 2 b, 655,
2c.
CARYATIDES [kii-re-at -e-dcez], in architecture,
IV. 47 (ill.).
Caryophyl lusaromat icus(botany^ IV. 715, 2 c.
Caryo ta (botany), XIII. 18, 1 c. C. urens (ill.).
CASA, Giovanni della [ka -zaj, Italian prelate
and author, IV. 47.
CASABIANCA, Louis [ka-za-byan -ka], French
naval officer, IV. 47. ,
CASACALEN DA, town of S. Italy, IV. 47.
CASAL, Manuel Ayres de [ka-zal ], Portuguese
geographer, IV. 47.
Casalanza, St. Joseph (Calasanctius), founder
of the order of Piarists, XIII. 493, 2 c.
CASALE [ka-za -la], city of Italy, IV. 47.
CASAL-MAGGIORE [ka-zal-mad-jo -ra], town of
Italy, IV. 48.
CASAL-PUSTERLENGO [-poos-tair-len -go], town
of Italy, IV. 48.
CASAMAN ZA, river of Senegambia, IV. 48.
Casamarca : see CAJAMARCA.
CASANO VA, Giovanni Giacomo de Seingalt,
Italian adventurer, IV. 48.
Casa Otomana [ka -sa o-to-ma -na], headquar
ters of Spanish revolutionists, IX. 438, 1 c.
Casa de Pilato [da pe-hV-to], a palace in Se
ville, XIV. 790, 2 b.
Casarlca (ornithology), XIV. 842, 2 c, and 843,
2 a. C. rtitila, ib.
CASAS, Las : see LAS CASAS.
CASA SANTA : see LORETO.
CASAS GRANDES [ka -sass gran -dace], town of
Mexico, IV. 49 ; I. 393, 1 c ; 455, 1 c. House
at Tewah, Arizona (ills.), IV. 49, 2 b, 50, 1 a.
Casas de Montezuma, 1 b. Moquis, 1 c ;
Moqui town (ill.), 2 b. Mesas, used as build
ing places, 2 c.
CASAU BON, Isaac [Fr. ka-zo-bo ng ], Swiss theo
logian and critic, IV. 50. Meric, English
divine and author, 51, 1 b.
Casbali, castle of Algiers, I. 308, 1 a.
CASBIX [kas-been ], city of Persia, IV. 51.
CASCA, Publius Servilius, a conspirator against
Cresar, IV. 51.
Cascade de Longchamps [kas-kad diih lo" 5 -sha ng ],
artificial rockwork, III. 154, 1 b.
CASCADE RANGE, IV. 51 ; XIV. 378, 2 a.
Cascades, county seat, XV. 74, 2 b.
168
CASCALHO
CASSINE
Cascalho [kas-ka -lyo], deposit of diamonds, VI.
74, 1 a.
Cascar: see KASHGAE, IX. 771, 1 c.
CASCAEIL LA, medicinal bark, IV. 51 (ill., 52).
Casci : see LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITEEATUEE,
X. 186, 2 c.
Caserne [ka-she -na], park of Florence, VII.
277, 1 ab; XIII. 104, 2 be.
CASCO BAY, Maine, IV. 52.
CASE, in law, IV. 52.
Case, compositor s, XIII. 847, 1 c. Lower case,
ib. ; upper, 2 a. Fouling the case, 848, 2 a.
CASE, William, apostle to the Canadian Indians,
IV. 52.
CASE-HARDESHXG, of iron, IV. 52.
CASEINE [kfi -se-in] : see CHEESE, and VII. 143,
2 be.
Casemate, in fortification, VII. 334, 2 ab.
CASEETA [ka-zair -ta], province of Italy, IV. 52.
Capital city, 2 ab. Caserta Vecchia, 2 b.
CASES, Count de Las : see LAS CASES.
CASE SHOT, IV. 53. Invention of, I. 786, 1 c ;
789, 1 b. Shrapnel shell, IV. 53, 1 b.
Case icorm : see MAYFLY.
CASEY, county, IV. 53.
Cash, Chinese coin, IV. 452, 1 a; XII. 537, 1 b.
CASHAN : see KASIIAN.
Cash look, in bookkeeping, III. 81, 1 a.
CASH EL, town of Ireland, IV. 53. Rock of
Cashel, 2 ab. Cashel cathedral, 2 be (ill.).
CASHEW NUT, IV. 53. Tree, 1 a (ill., 54);
XIII. 591, 2 b.
Cashil onay ant, I. 541, 2 c.
CASHMEEE , kingdom of India, IV. 54. Valley
of Cashmere, 1 c. Cashmerian boatmen (ill.),
55, 1 a.
Cashmere, city : see SEEINAGUE.
CASIIMEEE, textile fabric, IV. 55. Cashmere
shawls, manufacture of, 2 a. Markets, 2 b.
Attempts to naturalize the Thibet goat, 2 c.
Cashmere goat, VIII. 57, 1 c. See Thibet goat
(Index).
Cashmeriam, IV. 54, 2 c ; IX. 213, 2 c. Lan
guage of, IX. 216, 2 c, 218, 1 c.
CASIMIE [kaz -e-mer], name of several Polish
monarchs, IV. 56. Casimir I., the Peaceful,
or "the Monk," 1 b. Casimir II., the Just,
1 c. Casimir III., the Great, ib. The Jewess
Esther, his mistress, 57, 1 ab. Casimir IV.,
57, 1 b. Casimir V. : see JOHN CASIMIE.
Casimir- Per ier [ka-ze-meer-pair-ya] : see PE-
EIEE, Auguste Casimir Victor Laurent.
Casincmian congregation (of Benedictines), II.
520, 2 a.
Casing, in glass making, VIII. 22, 2 b.
CASINO, Monte [ka-ze -no], Benedictine monas
tery, IV. 57. Congregation of, II. 520, 1 c.
Casi num, ancient town, IV. 57, 1 c.
Caskets, dangerous rocks near Alderney, I. 269,
1 a; IV. 262, 1 a.
CASO EIA, town of Italy, IV. 57.
CASPAEI, Carl Paul [kas-pa -re], German theo
logian, IV. 57.
CASPE [kas -pa], town of Spain, IV. 57.
Caspian gates, pass, VI. 494, 2 b.
CASPIAN SEA, IV. 57. Changes of its level, 58,
1 b. Depth below the ocean level, ib. Navi
gation, 1 c. Caspian steamboat navigation
company, 2 a.
CASS, name of seven counties, IV. 58.
CABS, Lewis, American statesman, IV. 59.
Governor of Michigan territory and Indian
superintendent, 2 be. Secretary of war, 2 c.
Minister to France, 60, 1 a. U. S. senator,
il. Candidate for the presidency, il>. His
Nicholson letter, 1 be. Secretary of state,
1 c. Retires from Buchanan s cabinet on
his refusal to relieve Fort Surnter, ib.
CASSAGNAO : see GEANIEE DE CASSAGNAC.
CASSAN DEE, king of Macedon, IV. 60. Battle
of Ipsus, 61, 1 c.
CASSANDEE, George. Flemish theologian, IV. 61.
CASSANDEA, Trojan princess, IV. 01.
CASSANO [kas-sa -no], town of S. Italy, IV. 61.
Town of N. Italy, 2 c.
CASSA TION [Fr. kas-sa-se-6" 8 ], court of, IV. 62.
CASSA YA, meal from manihot roots, IV. 62
(ill.).
CASSEL, town of France, IV. 02.
CASSEL, city of Germany, IV. 62. Palace of
AVilhelmshohe, 63, 1 b (ill.).
CASSEL, Paulus Stephanus Selig, German cler
gyman and author, IV. 63.
Casse na, shrub, XVI. 773, 1 b (YAUPOX).
CASSIA, bark, IV. 63. See CINNAMON. Cin-
namomum cassia, 1 a (ill.) ; XIV. 768, 2 c.
C. acutifolia, ib. (ill., 769). C. Marilandica,
769, 2 a (ill.). C. fistula, l\ 7 , 63, 2 b.
Cassian : see CASSIANUS, Johannes.
CASSIANUS, Johannes (Cassian), founder of
monastic institutions, IV. 63 ; XI. 729, 2 a.
Casslcan, bird, XVI. 6, 2 a (ill.).
Cassicm (ornithology), XVI. 0, 2 a (ill.).
CAS SIN, John, American ornithologist, IV. 64.
John, commodore, 1 b. Stephen, commo
dore, ib.
Cassine, Indian "black drink," I. 403, 1 a.
See YAUPON.
CASSINI
CASSIXI [kas-se -ne], a family of Italian and
French astronomers, IV. 64. Giovanni
Domenico, 1 c. His astronomical discov
eries, 2 a-65, 1 b. Lenses used by him, XV.
623, 2 c. Mistaken theory of the form of
the earth, VI. 355, 1 b. Jacques, IV. 65,
1 b. Cesar Francois, 2 a. Jacques Domi
nique, count de Thury, 2 ab. Alexandra
Henri Gabriel, botanist, 2 be.
CASSINO [kas-se -no], game at cards, IV. 65.
CASSIXO, Monte : see CASINO.
CASSIODO RUS, Magnus Aurelius, Italian states
man, author, and ascetic, IV. 66.
CASSIOPEIA [kas-se-o-pe -ya], constellation, IV.
66.
CASSIQUIARE, or Cassiquiari [kas-se-ke-a -ra,
-re], river of Venezuela, IV. 66.
CASSIS (conchology), IV. 66. C. Madagasca-
riensis, III. 652, 1 c. C. tuberosa, il)., and
2 a. C. cornuta, il>. C. rufa, ib. See HEL
MET SHELL.
CASSITERIDES [kas-se-ter -e-deez], islands, IV.
66 ; XIV. 693, 1 a.
Cassius [kash -us], nom de plume, II. 694, 2 c.
CASSHTS, Dion : see Diox CASSIUS.
CASSIUS, Longinus Caius. leader of the con
spiracy against Caesar, IV. 66. Cassius Par-
mensis, also a conspirator, 67, 1 b. Cassius
of Etruria, poet, ib.
CASSIUS, Purple of, IV. 67.
CASSOCK, clerical garment, IV. 67.
Cassop olis, county seat, IV. 58, 2 c.
CAS SOWARY, bird, IV. 67 (ill.). Size and form
of its eggs, XL 805, 2 b.
Cassville, county seat, II. 341, 2 b.
Cast of the eye, XV. 296, 2 ab (SQUINTING).
CASTA LIA, ancient fountain, IV. 67; V. 785,
2 b; XIII. 122, 1 c. Nymph, IV. 68, 1 a.
Castalian fountain, or spring: see CASTALIA
(Index).
Castalides [kas-tal -e-deez], a name of the
muses, IV. 67, 2 c.
CASTALIO, Sebastien [kas-ta-lyo], French theo
logian, IV. 68.
Castalion [kas-ta-lyo" B ] : see CASTALIO.
Casta nea ves ca, or C. vulgaris (botany), IV.
390, 1 c (ill.). Castanea nux, fruit, 2 be.
C. pumila, 391, 2 b (ill.).
CASTANOS, Francisco Xavier de [kas-ta -nyoce],
duke of Baylen, Spanish general, IV. 68.
CASTE : see INDIA, IX. 206, 2 c. Distinctions
of caste disappearing, 230, 2 be.
Castel a Mare : see CASTELLAMARE.
CASTELAR , Emilio, Spanish statesman, IV. 68.
CASTILLA
169
CASTEL BRAXCO, city of Portugal, IV. 68.
Castel del Monte, hunting seat, I. 486, 1 c (Ax-
DRIA).
CASTEL-FIDARDO, town of Italy, IV. 68.
CASTEL-FRAXCO, town of Italy, IV. 68.
M/ASTELLAMARE [kas-tel-la-iiuV-ra], (C. di Sta-
bia), seaport of S. Italy, IV. 08 ; view, 69.
Seaport of Sicily, 69, 1 a.
CASTELLAXETA [kas-tel-la-na -ta], town of S.
Italy, IV. 69.
CASTEI/LI, Ignaz Friedrich, German dramatist,
IV. 69.
Castello Branco : see CASTEL BRANCO.
CASTELLON DE LA PLANA [kas-ta-lyone da la,
pla -na], province of Spain, IV. 69. Capital
city, 1 c.
Castel lum, ancient town : see CASSEL, France.
CASTELNAU, Michel de [kas-tel-no], sieur de la
Mauvissiere, French soldier and diplomatist,
IV. 69.
CASTELNAUDARY [kas-tel-no-da-re], town of
France, IV. 69. Scene of an auto da fe,
2 c.
CaxtelNuow, Naples, XII. 139, 1 c (ill.).
Castelnuovo, fort of, IV. 127, 2 a (CATTAEO).
CASTELSARRASIX [-sa-ra-za ng ], town of France,
IV. 70.
CASTEL- VETRAXO [-va-tra -no], town of Sicily,
IV. 70.
CASTI, Giovanni Battista, Italian poet, IV. 70.
Cas tigatory, instrument of punishment, V.
556, 2 ab.
CASTIGLIOXE [kas-te-lyo -na], two villages of
Italy, IV. 70.
CASTIGLIONE, Baldassare, Italian statesman and
author, IV. 70.
CASTIGLIOXE, Carlo Ottavio, count, philologist
and antiquary, IV. 70.
CASTIGLIOXE, Giovanni Benedetto, painter and
engraver, IV. 70.
CASTIGLIOXE, Giuseppe, artist and missionary,
IV. 70.
Castiglione, Prince (Alessandro di Gonzaga), a
pretender, VIII. 100, 1 a.
CASTILE [kas-teel j, ancient kingdom of Spain,
IV. 70. Union of Castile and Leon, 71, 1 a,
and of Aragon with them, ib. Old Castile,
71, 1 a; provinces of, 1 b. New Castile,
1 c ; provinces of, ib.
Castilian language, XV. 218, 1 c.
CASTILLA, Don Ramon [kaste -lya], Peruvian
general, IV. 71.
Castilla de Oro (isthmus of Panama), XIII. 32,
1 b.
170
CASTILLEJO
CAT
CASTILLEJO, Cristovalde [kas-te-lya/- k ho], Span
ish poet, IV. 71; XV. 221, 1 b.
CASTILLO, Diego Enriquez de [kas-te -lyo], Span
ish chronicler, IV. 71.
Castillo a elas tica (botany), III. 734, 1 c ; 735,
1 ab.
CASTINE [kas-teen J, town of Maine, IV. 72.
CASTING, IV. 72. Ancient bronze and iron
castings, 1 be. Bronze lion from Nineveh,
2 b (ill.). Colossal statue at Rhodes, 73,
1 ab. Statue of Mercury, 1 be (ill.). Large
bells, 2 a. Process of casting, 2 ab. Foun-
dery, 74, 1 a, if. (ills.). Processes in light
and heavy castings, 75, 2 ab. Moulding
flask, 2 c (ill., 7G) ; cope, ib. (ill.) ; rammer,
1 c (ill.); section of mould (ill.), 77, 1 a;
mould for a column, 1 c (ill.). Jobson s
patent, 77, 2 ab. Jackson s patent, 2 b.
Green sand moulding, 2 c. Loam mould, 78,
1 b (ill.). S \veep, 2 b (ill.). Drying ovens
(ill.), 79, 1 a. Sweeping the cope (ill.), 1 c.
Packing the mould of a steam cylinder (ill.),
80, 1 a. Furnace for melting brass (ill.),
2 b. Meneely s cases (ill.), 81, 1 c. Casting
in the fine arts, il. Bust covered with plas
ter mould (ill.), 82, 1 c. Machine for cast
ing a bust (ill.), 2 b. Piece mould for a
statue (ill.), 83, 2 c. Statue and core of
mould (ill.), 84, 1 c. Perpendicular section
of mould (ill.), 2 b. Old method still used in
Italy, 85, 1 b.
Cast iron, III. 775, 2 c; IX. 367, 1 b, if. ; 390, 2 a.
Castle: see FORTIFICATION, VII. 328, 2 ab.
CASTLEBAE , town of Ireland, IV. 85.
CASTLE CAREY, town of England, IV. 85.
Castle Dangerous, of Scott s novel, VI. 223, 1 a,
Castle Garden, XII. 387, 2 ab ; VI. 574, 1 a.
Castle Hill, Edinburgh, VI. 405, 1 bo; 406, 1 c.
Castle island, near Albany, I. 248, 2 a.
CASTLEMAIN , town of Australia, IV. 85.
Castle Ncdd [neth] : see XEATII.
Castle Pinckney, fort near Charleston, IV. 314,
1 c.
CASTLEREAGH, Robert Stewart [kas-s 1-re J, vis
count and marquis of Londonderry, British
statesman, IV. 85.
Castle Rushen, Isle of Man, IV. 86, 1 c.
Castles, feudal, I. 663, 1 b.
Castles of Europe and Asia, on the Bosporus,
III. 113, 1 b(ill.).
CAS TLETON, town of Vermont, IV. 86.
CASTLETOWN, capital of the Isle of Man, IV. 86.
Castor: see BEAVER. C. Americanus, VII. 539,
Ib.
CASTOR, secretion of the beaver, IV. 86.
Casto reum, a secretion, II. 434, 1 b; XIV.
383, 1 a.
Castoroi des Oldoen sis. extinct rodent, XIV.
382, 2 c,
CASTOR OIL, IV. 86. Castor oil plant (ill.), 2 b.
Extraction of the oil, 87, 1 ab. Its cathartic
action, 1 c.
CASTOR AND POLLUX, mythological heroes, IV.
87 (ill.). Their appearance at the battle of
Lake Regillus, XIV. 261, 2 b. Electrical
flames, so called, XI. 355, 1 a. Constellation,
IV. 88, 1 ab : see GEMINI.
CASTOR RIVER, Missouri, IV. 88.
CASTRATION, IV. 88.
Castra Yiniana, ancient town : see BAENA.
CASTREN, Matthias Alexander [kas-train j, Fin
nish philologist, IV. 88.
CASTRES [kastr], town of France, IV. 88.
CASTRI : see DELPHI. V. 784, 1 c ; 785, 2 be.
CAS TRIOT, George : see SCANDERBEG.
Castrio ta, George: see SCANDERBEG, and I. 244,
2 c.
Castriota, John, Albanian prince, XIV. 662, 2 c.
Castro, capital of Lemnos, X, 335, 2 c.
CASTRO, Henry, Texan pioneer, IV. 89.
CASTRO, Ines de, Portuguese princess. IV. 89.
CASTRO, Joao de, Portuguese naval hero, IV.
89. Exploration of the Red sea, 2 b, c.
CASTRO DEL Rio [re -o], town of Spain, IV. 89.
CASTROGIOVANNI [kas-tro-jo-van -ne], city of
Sicily, IV. 90 (view).
CASTRUCCIO-CASTRACANI [kas-troot -cho-kas-
tra-ka -ne], leader of the Ghibellines, IV. 90.
Castrum Ennce, ancient town : see CASTROGIO
VANNI.
Castrum Novum Arianorum, ancient town, IV.
69, 2 c.
Castrum Pucllarum, an old name of Edinburgh
castle, VI. 406, 1 a.
Castus (botany), II. 287, 1 b.
I Casua rius galea tus (ornithology), IV. 67, 1 c
(ill.). C. Bennctti, XL 805, 1 c (ill.). C.
australis, 2 be.
Cas uists : see THEOLOGY, XV. 695, 2 a.
CASVEEN : see CASEIN.
CASWALL, Henry, English clergyman and au
thor, IV. 90.
CASWELL, county, IV. 91.
CASWELL, Richard, American general and states
man, IV. 91.
CAT, general name for feline animals, IV. 91.
Domestic cat, 2 c (ill., 92). Principal vari
eties, 92, 2 a. Manx cat, ib. (ill.). Wild
CAT
cat, 2 b (ill.). East Indian species, 93, 1 a.
Fur of, VII. 539, 2 ab.
Cat, Christopher (Kit}, X. 19, 2 b.
Catacle sia, Athenian assembly, VI. 385, 2 b.
Cataclysms, in geology, VII. 6.1)5, 1 b.
CATACOMBS, IV. 93. Of Thebes, 1 ab (ill.).
Of Rome, 94, 1 a (ill.) ; works written upon
them, 2 c. Of Naples, 95, 2 a. Of Syracuse
and of Malta, 2 b. Of Paris, 2 c (ill.). Church
of the catacombs at Thebes, referred to, V.
332, 1 a.
CATAHOULA [kat-a-hoo -la], parish of Louisiana,
IV. 96.
Catalan forge, or bloomary, II. 741, 2 c. A
forge falsely so called, 742, 2 b.
CATALANI, Angelica [ka-ta-la -ne], Italian sing
er, IV. 96.
Catalan language, XV. 218, 2 a ; literature,
223, 1 b. See XIV. 39, 2 c.
CATALEPSY, IV. 96. Causes and treatment of,
97, 1 c.
Catallac tics: see POLITICAL ECONOMY, XIII.
664, 1 a.
Catalogues, bibliographical, II. 619, ff.
CATALONIA, division of Spain, IV. 97.
CATALPA, genus of trees, IV. 98. C. syringi-
folia, 2 b (ill.).
CATAL YSIS, in chemistry, IV., 99 ; I. 571, 1 b ;
XVI. 843, 2 a.
Catamaran , fire ship, VII. 607, 1 b. Float or
raft, X. 832, 2 a.
OATAMAECA, province of the Argentine Repub
lic. IV. 99. Capital city, 2 ab.
CATAMEXIA, IV. 99. Vicarious, 100, 1 a.
CATAMOUNT : see COUGUAR.
Cata na, ancient city, IV. 100, 2 a, be.
CATA NIA [Ital. ka-tu -nc-a], province of Sicily,
IV. 100. Capital city, 2 a. Roman remains,
ib. Square of the Elephant (ill.).
CATANZARO [ka-tan-dzu -ro], province of Italy,
IV. 100. Capital city, 101, 1 a.
Catapan , a viceroy, I. 608, 1 b.
CatapJi agus linca tus (entomology), XVI. 678,
2 a.
Cataph rygcs, a sect: see MONTANISTS, XI. 775,
1 b.
CATAPLASM, poultice, IV. 101.
CATAPULT, military engine, IV. 101 (ill.).
Catapulta: see CATAPULT, and II. 245, 1 c.
CATARACT, disease of the eye, IV. 101. Va
rieties of, 2 be. Operations for it : depres
sion of the lens, or couching, 102, 1 c ; break
ing up the lens, 2 be; extraction, 2 c.
Cataract, in steam engines, XV. 342, 2 be.
CATFISH
171
CATARRH, disease, IV. 103. Of the bladder,
2 a; II. 687, 1 b.
Catarrhac tes (ornithology), XIII. 249, 1 b. C.
chrysocome, 2 a (ill.).
Catarrhal fevers, IV. 103, 2 a. Catarrhal oph
thalmia, 2 ab.
Catarrhus astivus, VIII. 537, 2 b (!!AY COLD).
CATASAUQUA, borough of Pennsylvania, IV.
103.
CATAWBA, county, IV. 103.
CATAWBA, river, IV. 104.
Catawba grape, I. 417, 1 c, ff.
CATAWBAS, Indian tribe, IV. 104.
CATAWBA WINE : see AMERICAN WINES, I. 41 7,
1 c.
CATBIRD, IV. 104 (ill.).
Catbrier, XV. 113, 1 be.
Catch pool, in sewerage, XIV. 797, 1 a.
Catch weight, in the prize ring, XIV. 75, 2 b.
Catch work, in irrigation, IX. 415, 2 c.
CATEAU, Le [lull ka-toj, town of France, IV.
104. Treaties of, 2 c.
Cateau-Cambresis [-ka ng -bra-sej : see CATEAU,
Le. Peace of, VII. 382, 2 a.
CATECHISM [kat -e-kizm], IV. 105. Catechis-
mus Romanus, 1 b. Catechism of the Greek
church, 1 c ; of the Lutheran and Reformed
churches, ib. ; of the Socinians, ib. ; of the
English church, ib. ; of the Westminster as
sembly, ib. Larger catechism, XVI. 568,
1 c; shorter, ib., and 2 b.
CATECHU [kat -e-ku], extract, IV. 105. Acacia
catechu, 2 a (ill.). Catechuic acid, 2 c.
Catechu palm, XIII. 17, 2 a.
Categorical imperative, Kant s, IX. 762, 2 b.
Categories, invented by Aristotle, I. 706, 2 b.
Kant s, IX. 761, 1 b.
CATEL, Franz [ka-tel j, German artist, IV. 105.
Caterans, Scottish robbers, IX. 772, 2 a.
CATERPILLAR, IV. 106 (ills.). General descrip
tion, 1 b. False caterpillars, 2 b. Voracity,
107, 1 a. Rapid increase in size and weight,
ib. Food, 1 b. Habitations, 2 a. Proces-
sionary caterpillars, 2 c (ill.). Changes, 108,
1 b. Their ravages, 1 c.
CATERPILLAR FUNGUS, IV. 108.
CATESBY, Mark, English artist and naturalist,
IV. 109.
Catesby, Robert, originator of the gunpowder
plot, VII. 99, 2 c.
CATFISH, IV. 1C9. Common catfish, or horned
pout, 2 a (ill.). Great lake catfish, 2 c.
Other kinds, ib., and 110, 1 a. Blind catfish,
II. 722, 2 be.
172
CATGUT
CATO
CATGUT, IV. 110. Milanese or Roman strings,
1 b.
Cathari: see CATHARISTS. Referred to, XIII.
178, 1 a.
Cathari leaders, referred to, II. 574, 1 c.
CATHARINE I. [kath -a-rin], empress of Russia,
IV. 110. Mistress of Peter the Great, 2 ab.
Acknowledged as his wife, 2 be; as his suc
cessor, 111, 1 a.
CATHARINE II., empress of Russia, IV. 111.
Wife of Peter III., 1 b. Her amours, 1 be.
Murder of Peter, 2 b. Catharine crowned
empress, ib. Political activity, 112, 1 a.
First division of Poland, ib. ; second and
third, 2 be. Scheme for dismembering Tur
key, 1 be ; war against it, 2 a. French revo
lution, 2 b. Her character, 113, 1 a. Her
efforts to raise the condition of women in
Russia, XIV. 486, 1 c. Influence on the
Russian language and literature, 497, 1 b.
Catharine, second wife of King Jerome Bona
parte, III. 27, 1 c; 28, 1 a.
Catharine, lake, Louisiana, XII. 321, 2 c.
Catharine, Saint : see CATHARINE FIESCIII
ADORNO, and CATHARINE OF SIENA. Of
Sweden, III. 287, 2 b.
CATHARINE OF ARAGON : see HENRY VIII.
Catharine archipelago, I. 274, 2 c.
CATHARINE OF BRAGANZA, queen of England,
IV. 113; 282, 1 c.
CATHARINE FIESCHI ADORNO, Saint, IV. 113,
CATHARINE OF FRANCE, or of Valois, queen of
England, IV. 113. Secret marriage with
Owen Tudor, 2 c.
CATHARINE DE MEDICI [Ital. da ma -de-che],
queen of France, IV. 114. Massacre of St.
Bartholomew s, 2 ab ; II. 348, 1 ab and b ;
349, 1 ab ; V. 55, 1 c. Her fondness for
tobacco referred to, XV. 780, 2 c.
CATHARINE PARR, queen of England, IV. 114.
CATHARINE PAULOYNA, queen of Wiirtemberg,
IV. 115.
CATHARINE OF SIENA, Saint, IV. 115.
Catharis ta atra ta (ornithology), XVI. 413,
2 b (ill.).
CATIIARISTS, mediaeval heretics, IV. 115; I.
243, 2 b; 253, 1 a. See DOMINIC, VI. 199,
2 b, ff. Referred to, VIII. 55, 1 a.
Cathar tesau ra (ornithology),XVI. 62, 2 o (ill.).
C.(pseudogryphus) Californianus, III. 606, 2 b.
CATHARTICS (medicine), IV. 116.
Cathartida) (ornithology), XVI. 412, 1 c.
CATH CART, William Schaw, earl, English gen
eral and diplomatist, IV. 117.
CATHE DRAL, IV. 117. Cathedrals in continen
tal Europe, 2 ab ; in England, 119, 1 b; in
America, 2 b.
CATHELINEAU, Jacques [ka-tuh-le-no], general
issimo of the Vondeans, IV. 120. Jacques,
his son, 1 be.
Catherwood, Frederick, artist, XV. 374, 1 c.
Cathlamet [kath-la -met], county seat, XVI.
420, 1 b.
Cath ode of a lattery, in galvanism, VII. 84,
1 c; 597, 2 a.
Catholic Apostolic Church : see IRVING, Ed
ward, IX. 418, 2 c.
Catholic association, in Ireland, IX. 359, 2 a.
CATHOLIC CHURCH: sec ROMAN CATHOLIC
CHURCH.
Catholic colony, in Pennsylvania, VII. 582, 2 be.
Catholic emancipation, in Ireland, VI. 617, 1 c;
IX. 359, 1 c; X. 155, 1 b; XII. 575, 1 a;
XIII. 224, 2 c.
Catholicon, printed 14GO, II. 235, 2 b.
Catili na: see CATILINE.
CAT ILINE, Lucius Sergius, Roman conspirator,
IV. 120.
CATINAT DE LA FAUCONNERIE, Nicolas de [ka-
te-na dull la fo-kun-re], French general, IV.
121.
CATINEAU-LAROCHE, Pierre Marie Sebastien
[ka-te-nd-la-rush], French lexicographer, IV.
121.
Ca tion, in chemistry, VII. 84, 1 c ; 597, 2 ab.
Cat Island: see SAN SALVADOR, XIV. Oil, 2 a.
Cativolcus, Gallic chief, I. 383, 1 c (Us).
Catkin, or ament, XIII. 584, 2 c. Of the alder
(ill.), I. 268, 2 a; beech, II. 459, 2 be (ill,
460) ; birch, II. 647, 1 a (ill.) ; chestnut, IV.
390, 2 a (ill.); hazel, VIII. 554, 1 b (ill.);
hornbeam, 819, 1 b, 820, 1 a (ills.) ; larch, X.
168, 2 c (ill.); oak, XII. 551, 1 c (ill., 552);
pine, XIII. 522, 2 c (ill.); poplar, 711, 1 c,
712, 1 a (ills.); willow, XVI. 645, 1 c (ill.).
Catlettslurg, county seat, III. 171, 2 a.
CATLIN, George, American artist, IV. 121.
CATMANDOO : see KATMANDU.
Catmint: see CATNIP.
Cat monkey: see FLYING LEMUR.
CATNIP, herb, IV. 121 (ill., 122).
CATO, Roman surname, IV. 122. Marcus Por-
cius, Censorius, statesman and patriot, 1 c.
His hatred of Carthage, 123, 1 be. His
writings, X. 193, 1 b. His character, 1 c.
His views on farming, I. 201, 1 ab. Marcus
Porcius, Uticensis, statesman, philosopher,
and general, IV. 123, 2 b.
CATOBLEPAS
Catoblepas (zoology), VIII. 55, 1 b. C. gnu,
2 be (ill.)- C. gorgon, or taurina, 2 c (ill.).
Cat odon (zoology), XVI. 581, 1 b (WHALE).
Catodon tides (zoology), XVI. 581, 1 a.
OATOO SA, county, IV. 125.
Catoptric method, in lighthouses, X. 455, 2 a.
Catoptrics: see OPTICS, XII. 654, 1 c.
Catos tomus (ichthyology), XV. 430, 2 b (SUCK
ER). C. Bostoniensis, 2 c (ill.).
Cato street conspiracy, referred to, I. 129, 1 a;
VII. 710, 1 be.
CA TRON, John, American jurist, IV. 125.
CATS, Jakob, Dutch statesman and poet, IV.
125.
CAT S EYE, variety of quartz, IV. 125.
CATSKILL, village of New York, IV. 125.
CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, New York, IV. 125.
Catsldll period, in geology, VI. 58, 1 c.
Oafs-tail (timothy grass), XV. 757, 2 c.
Catsup (sauce), origin of the name, XV. 203,
1 a. Mushroom catsup, XII. 1 c.
Cat-tail (bulrush), XVI. 97, 1 a (ill.).
CATTARAU GUS, county, IV. 126.
CATTARO [kat -ta-ro], town of Dalmatia, IV.
127. Gulf of, 2 a.
CAT TEGAT, strait, IV. 127.
CATTERMOLE, George, English artist, IV. 127.
Cattersldll, "clove" or gorge of, IV. 126, 1 b.
Catterskill falls, 1 c (ill.).
CATTI, ancient German people, IV. 127.
CATTLE, IV. 128. Wild cattle of the British
isles, 2 a. Cattle of continental Europe, 2 c ;
of England, 129, 1 c ; of Americn, 2 c; of
the United States, 130, 1 c. Cattle diseases,
131, 1 c. See MURRAIN. Illustrations : Al-
derney bull, 129 ; long-horned Brazilian ox,
130; short-horn Durham bull, ib. ; Dolly
Ayrshire cow. 131 ; Kerry bull, ib.
Cattle plague, Russian, XII. 57, 1 be.
CATTYWAR , peninsula of India, IV. 131.
Catul la, a Christian woman, her act of piety
to the dead in the persecution by Aurelian,
VI. 9, 2 a.
CATULLUS, Caius Valerius, Roman poet, IV. 131.
CAT ULUS, Roman family, IV. 132. Caius Lu-
tatius, consul and general, 1 b. Quintus Lu-
tatius, ib. Quintus Lutatius, his son, 2 a.
CATURZE, Jean [ka-turz], French martyr, IV.
132.
Catyeuchlana, Roman district in Britain, II.
449, 2 b.
CAUCA [kow -ka], river of South America, IV.
132.
CAUCA, state of Colombia, IV. 132.
CAUSSIN
173
CAUCA SIA: see CAUCASUS, IV. 133, 1 a.
CAUCASIAN RACE : see ETHNOLOGY, VI. 753,
2 c ; 754, 1 a, if.
Caucas ses, districts in Ireland, IX. 351, 1 c.
CAU CASTS, region and mountain range of Eu
rope and Asia, IV. 133. Caucasia, 1- a. The
mountains, 1 b. Climate and productions,
2 a. Inhabitants, 2 c. History, 134, 1 a.
CAUCASUS, Indian: see IIiNDoo-Koosn, VIII.
737, 2 c.
CAUCIION, Joseph [ko-sho ng ], Canadian states
man, IV. 134.
Cauchon, Pierre, bishop of Beauvais, II. 433,
1 b. See JOAN OF ARC, IX. 642, 1 b.
CAUCIIY, Augustin Louis [ko-she], French
mathematician, IV. 134.
CAUCUS, in American politics, IV. 135. Cau
cus club of Boston, 1 a. Origin of the word,
1 c (see I. 107, 2 c). Nominating caucuses,
2 a; congressional and legislative, 2 b.
Caucus club, a Boston political organization, I.
107, 2b; IV. 135, 1 a,
Caudate cells of the brain, III. 187, 1 be.
CAUDEBEC [kode-bek], town of France, IV.
136 (ill.).
Caudi nm Fau ces : see CAUDINE FORKS.
CAU DINE FORKS, mountain passes in ancient
Samnium, IV. 136. Capture of a Roman
army, 2 a.
CAUL, a membrane, IV. 136.
CAULAINCOURT, Armand Augustin Louis de
[ko-la ng -koor], duke of Vicenza, French gen
eral and diplomatist, IV. 137.
Cauliac, Gui de : see CHAULIAC.
CAULIER, Madeleine [ko-lya], French peasant
heroine, IV. 137.
CAU LIFLOWER, plant, IV. 137 (ill.).
Caulophyl lum thalictroi des (botany), V. 23, 1 a.
Caulx, Salomon de : see CAUS.
CAUMONT, Aldrick Isidore Ferdinand [ko-mo ng ],
French jurist and author, IV. 138.
CAURA [kow -ra], river of Venezuehi, IV. 138.
Caursins [kore-sa ng ] : see Cahorsins (Index).
CAUS, Salomon de [duh ko], French engineer,
IV. 138. His plan for raising water by
steam, 1 b; XV. 339, 1 c. Isaac de, en
gineer and architect, IV. 138, 1 c.
Causality : see Causation (Index).
Causation, doctrine of: see LEIBNITZ, X. 324,
2 ab-325, 1 c; SPINOZA, XV. 273, 1 be;
HUME, IX. 48, 2 b. See PHILOSOPHY, XIII.
441, 2 b, and 445, 2 b; 441, 1 b, c; 442, 1 a;
443, 1 c ; 444, 1 c.
CAUSSIN DE PERCEVAL, Jean Jacques Antoine
174:
CAUSTIC
CAXIAS
[ko-sa ng dub pair-suh-val], French orientalist,
IV. 138. Armand Pierre, orientalist, 2 a.
Caustic, line in optics, XII. 656, 2 a.
Causticity of the calcareous earths discovered,
II. 674, 2 be.
CAUSTICS, in medicine, IV. 138.
Caustics, Tschirnhausen s, in geometry, VII.
701, 2 c.
CAUTERETS [ko-tra], watering place of France,
IV. 138.
Cautionary town: see FLUSHING, TIL 292, 2 b.
Caution money, in Cambridge university, III.
644, 2 b.
CAUTLEY, Sir Proby Thomas, English engineer
and palaeontologist, IV. 138.
Cauvery, river : see CAYEEY.
CAUVET, Gilles Paul [ko-va], French sculptor
and architect, IV. 139.
CAT A [ka -va], city of Italy, IV. 139. La Trini-
ta di Cava, monastery, 1 b.
CAVAIGNAC, Jean Baptiste [ka-va-nyak], French
revolutionist, IV. 139. fileonore Louis Gode-
froy, journalist, 2 a. Louis Eugene, general
and patriot, 2 ab.
CAVAILLOX [ka-va-yo ng ], town of France, IV.
140.
CAVALCAX TI, Guido, Italian philosopher and
poet, IV. 140.
CAVALIER, Jean [ka-va-lya], leader of the Ca-
misurds in France. IV. 140 ; HI. 657, 2 b.
CAVALIERI, Bonaventura [ka-va-le-a -re], Ital
ian mathematician, IV. 140.
Cavalieri, Emilio del, poet, XII. 89, 2 b (twice).
CAVAI/LI, Pietro Francesco, Italian composer,
IV. 140.
CATALLIXI, Pietro [ka-val-le -ne], Italian paint
er, IV. 140.
CAVAL LO, Tiberio, English electrician, IV. 140.
CAV ALRY, IV. 141. Ancient, 1 b; Macedo
nian, 2 b; Carthaginian, 142, 1 c; later Ro
man, 143, 2 a. Mediaeval, 2 b. Dragoons,
144, 2 b. Dutch cavalry, 2 c ; Swedish, &c.,
145, 1 a; Frederick the Great s, 2 a; Na
poleon s, 146, 1 a. In the United States
civil war, 147, 1 a. Present organization
and tactics, 148, 2 b. Cavalry in battle, 150,
1 b ; acting against infantry, 152, 2 a. Gen
eral tactics of cavalry, 153, 1 a.
CAY AX, county of Ireland, IV. 153. Town,
2b.
GATE, Edward, English printer and bookseller,
IV. 153.
CAVE, William, English scholar and divine,
IV. 154.
CA YEAT, in law, IT. 154. In patent law, XIII.
161, 1 c,
Caveat emptor, rule of, in law, VII. 444, 2 a ;
XVI. 458, 1 c.
CAVEAU [ka-vo], Parisian association, IV. 154.
The Caveau moderne, 1 be.
CAVEDONE, Jacopo or Giacomo [ka-v;I-do -na],
Italian painter, IV. 154.
CAVEDONI, Celestino, Italian archaeologist and
numismatist, IV. 154.
Cave dwellers (Bohemian Brethren ), II. 787, 1 a.
Cave fishes : see Fishes, blind (Index).
CAVELTER, Pierre Jules [ka-vuh-lya], French
sculptor, IV. 154.
CAV ENDISH, Henry, English physicist, IT. 154.
Experiments on gases, 361, 2 a, b, c; for de
termining the earth s density, VI. 857, 2 c,
358, 1 b (the Cavendish experiment).
CAVENDISH, Sir Thomas, English adventurer,
IT. 155.
Cavendish square, London, X. 596, 1 c.
Cave period (archaeology), I. 642, 2 b.
CAV ERY, river of India, IV. 155.
Cave temples : see CARLEE, DAMBOOL, ELE-
niANTA, and ELLORA.
Cavia (zoology), IT. 157, 2 a. C. aperea,
Till. 313, 2 b. C. cobaya, 314, 1 a (ill.).
CAVIANA [ka-ve-a -na], island of Brazil, IV. 155.
CAVIARE [kav-e-air J, food from fish roes, IV.
155.
Cavi ina (zoology), IV. 156, 2 b.
CAVITE [ka-ve-ta J, province of Luzon, IV. 155.
Town, 2 a,
CAYOUR, Camillo Benso, count [ka-voor ],
Italian statesman, IV. 155. Treaty of Til-
lafranca, 156, 1 c.
Ca vum a dium, in Roman architecture, II.
90, 1 a.
CAYY, rodent mammal, IT. 156. Patagonian
cavy, 157, 1 b (ill.). Rock cavy, 157, 2 bo
(ill.). Spix s cavy, 2 c. Bolivian cavy, ib.
Southern cavy, 158, 1 a. Fossil cavies, 1 ab.
Restless cavy, Till. 313, 2 b (GUINEA PIG).
CAWDOR, parish of Scotland, IT. 158. Cawdor
castle and Macbeth, 1 b, and XII. 126, 1 c.
CAAVNPORE , district of British India, IV. 158.
Town, 1 be. Siege and inassacre of 1857,
2 a-c. Memorial building, 2 c (ill.).
Cawsand Beacon hill, Dartmoor, V. 693, 2 a.
CAXAMARCA [ka- k ha-mar -ka] : see CAJAMARCA.
CAXATAMBO [ka- k ha-tam -bo] : see CAJATAMBO.
CAXIAS [ka-she -as], town of Brazil, IV. 159.
CAXIAS, Luis Alves de Lima, duke de, Brazilian
soldier and statesman, IV. 159.
CAXTON
CELESTIAL
175
CAXTON, William, first English printer, IV. 159.
CAYCOS [ki -koce] : see CAICOS.
CAYENNE [kl-Cn ; Fr. ka-yen], city of French
Guiana, IV. 159. Island, 2 c. Colony, VIII.
303, 1 c (GUIANA).
CAYENNE PEPPER: see CAPSICUM, III. 701, 1 a,
2 a. Adulteration of, 2 be.
CAYES, Aux: see Aux CAYES.
CAY LA, Zoe Victoire du, countess, favorite of
Louis XVIIL, IV. 100.
Cay la breed of sheep, IV. 100, 1 c.
CAYLEY, Arthur, English mathematician, IV.
100.
CAYLEY, Sir George, English philosopher, IV.
100.
CAYLUS [ka-lus], town of France, IV. 100.
CAYLUS, Marthe Marguerite de Villette de
Murcay, marquise de, French woman of
fashion, IV. 100. Anne Claude Philippe de
Tubieres, count, archaeologist, 2 c.
Caylux [ka-liix], town : see CAYLUS.
CAYMAN [ki -man] : see ALLIGATOR.
Cayman, lagoon of Mexico, XI. 137, 1 ab.
CAYMANS, islands, West Indies, IV. 161.
Cays (keys] of Florida, VII. 280, 1 ab.
CAYUGA [ka-yu -ga], county, IV. 101.
CAYUGA LAKE, New York, IV. 101.
CAYUGAS, Indian tribe, IV. 101 ; IX. 412,
1 be, 413, 1 c.
CAYX, Remi Jean Baptiste Charles [ka], French
historian, IV. 101.
Gaza [ka -za], division of a vilayet, XVI. 354,
2 ab.
Cazal : see CASAL.
CAZALLA DE LA SIERRA [ka-tha -lya da la se-
air -ra], town of Spain, IV. 101.
CAZEM BE, state of Africa, IV. 101.
CAZENO VIA, town of New York, IV. 101.
CAZORLA [ka-thore -la], town of Spain, IV. 102.
CAZOTTE, Jacques [ka-zut], French writer, IV.
162.
CEAN-BERMUDEZ, Juan Augustin [tha-an -bair-
moo -/<aith], Spanish archaeologist, IV. 102.
Ceano thm (botany), XII. 312, 1 a. C. Ameri-
canns, il>. (ill.). C. ovalis, 2 a. C. thyrsi-
florns, ib.
CEARA [sa-a-ra ], province of Brazil, IV. 102.
CE BES, Greek philosopher, IV. 102.
CEBU [sa-boo J, island, Philippines, IV. 103.
Town, 1 b.
Ce bus (zoology), XI. 751, 1 b. C. fatuellus,
ib. C. capucinus, 1 c (ill.).
CECCO D ASCOLI [chek -ko das -ko-le], Italian
savant and martyr, IV. 163.
Cecidomy ia (entomology), VI. 129, 1 be. C.
destructor, ib. ; VIII. 708, 2 a (ill.). C. sali-
cis, VI. 129, 1 be. C. tritici, ib. ; XVI. 588,
2 c (ill., 589).
CE CIL, county, IV. 163.
CECIL, Robert [ses -sil or sis -sil], earl of Salis
bury, English statesman, IV. 103. Robert
Arthur Talbot Gascoyne (Lord Robert Cecil),
marquis of Salisbury, XIV. 505, 2 b.
CECIL, William: see BURLEIGII, Lord.
CECILIA, Saint, IV. 104. St. Cecilia s day, 2 b.
CE CROPS, first king of Attica, IV. 104.
CEDAR, tree, IV. 164. Cedar of Lebanon, 165,
1 a (ill.) ; cones of (ill.), 1 b. Cedar of Goa,
165, 2 ab. Indian cedar, 2 b. W T hite cedar,
2 c ; V. 614, 1 c ; tree so called, X. 401,
2 ab. Red cedar, IV. 160, 1 a (ill., 165);
IX. 715, 2 c. Yellow cedar, I. 241, 2 a.
CEDAR, three counties, IV. 166.
Cedar apple, excrescence, VII. 533, 1 a.
CEDAR BIRD, IV. 166 (ill.).
Cedar Creek, battle of, XVI. 655, 2 ab.
CEDAR MOUNTAIN, and battle of, IV. 166.
CEDAR SPRINGS, village of South Carolina, IV.
166.
CEDRON, medicine, IV. 166 ; XIII. 338, 1 b.
CEFALU [cha-fa-loo J, town of Sicily, IV. 167.
CEIIEJIN [tha-a- k heen ], town of Spain, IV. 167.
Ceiling of a ship, XIV. 863, 1 ab.
CEILLIER, Dom Remi [sfi-lya], French theolo
gian, IV. 167.
Cciram [sa-ram/] : see CERAM.
CELAKOVSKY, Frantisek Ladislav [chel-a-kov -
ske], Bohemian poet and philologist, IV. 167.
CEL ANDINE, plant, IV. 167 (ill.)-
Celano, Thomas de [cha-la -no], reputed author
of Dies Ira?, VII. 427, 1 a.
Celas trm (botany), XVI. 517, 2 c. C. scan-
dens, il). (ill.). * C. cdnlis, 782, 2 b.
CELEBES [sel -e-beez], island, Malay archipela
go, IV. 107. Description, 108, 1 a. Natural
history, 2 ab. Productions, 169, 1 a. Na
tive inhabitants, 1 b. History, 2 a.
Celeia [se-le -ya], ancient town : see CILLY.
CELERES [sel -e-reez], a Roman body guard,
IV. 169; VI. 699, 2 ab.
Cele riac, variety of celery, IV. 169, 2 c.
CEL EEY, IV. 169 (ill., 170). Celeriac, 2 c;
170, 1 ab. Wild celery, so-called, XVI.
249, 2 b.
CELESTE, Madame [sa-lest j, Engish dancer and
actress, IV. 170.
Celestial led, or bed of Apollo, so called, VIII.
421, 2 c.
176
CELESTIAL
CENSOR
Celestial Iride (mosque), VII. 793, 2 be.
Celestial voice, musical instrument, referred to,
XII. 94, 2 b.
CEL ESTINE, name of five popes, IV. 170. 1.,
Saint, 1 c. II., Guido di Castello, 2 a. III.,
Giacinto Orsini, 2 b. IV., Golf redo Casti-
glione, ib. V., Pietro Angelerier, 2 c.
Celestine [sel -es-tin], mineral, XV. 428, 1 b.
Celestines (Celestins): see FEANCISCANS, VII.
425, 2 c.
CELESTIXS : see CELESTINE V.
Cele us, mythical king of Eleusis, IV. 209, 2 b.
CEL IBACY, IV. 171. In ancient Greece and
Koine, 1 c ; of the oriental priesthood, 2 b ;
of the clergy in the primitive Christian
church, 2 be ; in the Latin church, 2 c ; in
the Greek church, 172, 1 a; in the reformed
churches, 1 ab. Abolished in England, VI.
438, 1 c.
Celi na, county seat, XI. 399, 1 b.
CELL, IV. 172. Vegetable, 1 c; XIII. 573,
2 b, ff. (ills.). Animal, IV. 172, 2 ab. See
PEOTOPLASM, XIV. 34, 1 a, 35, 2 a.
Cella, in a Grecian temple, I. 654, 2 c.
Cella calidaria, and cello, frigidaria, in an
ancient bath, II. 383, 2 c (ill.).
CELLAMAEE, Antonio Giudice, prince of [chel-
la-ma -re], Spanish diplomatist, IV. 172.
CELLAEER, Roman functionary, IV. 173.
CELLAEIUS, Christoph [tsel-la -re-oos], German
scholar, IV. 173.
CELLE [tsel -leh], town of Prussia, IV. 173.
CELLINI, Benvenuto [chel-le -ne], Italian artist,
IV. 173. His autobiography, 2 c.
Cells in a leaf, X. 265, 1 a.
Cellular germ, XIV. 34, 1 ab (PEOTOPLASM).
CELLULAE TISSUE (anatomy), IV. 174. White
fibrous, 1 be. Yellow fibrous, 1 c. Diseases
of, 2 c.
Cellular tissue (botany), XIII. 578, 1 c (ill.).
Of a leaf, X. 264, 2 c.
Cellulose, in plants, XIII. 573, 2 b; 581, 1 b.
In starch, XV. 318, 1 b.
CEL SIUS, Anders, Swedish astronomer, IV.
175. Celsius thermometer, 1 c (see CENTI-
GEADE SCALE). Magnus, astronomer, 1 be.
Olaf, theologian, ib. Nils, mathematician
and naturalist, ib. Olaf de, historian, 1 c.
CELSUS, Greek philosopher, IV. 175.
CELSUS, Aulus Cornelius, Roman author, IV.
175. See MEDICINE, XL 347, 1 c; SUEGEEY,
XV. 486, 1 ab.
Cel tce: see CELTS.
Celtiberi: see CELTIBEEIANS, and II. 367, 2 a.
CELTIBE EIANS, ancient Spanish race, IV. 175.
Celtic Gothic cloister, Kilconnel abbev, I. 663
(ill.).
Celtici, ancient Spanish race, II. 367, 2 a.
Celtic plain, so called, IV. 177, 1 ab.
Celtis occidentalis (botany), VIII. 365, 2 b
(ill.); VI. 551, 2 c. C. crassitblia, 552, 1 a.
C. australis, VIII. 3C5, 2 c, 366, 1 be, C.
pallid a, ib.
CELTS, Aryan race, IV. 176; VIII. 96, 2 a.
Migrations and conquests in western Europe,
IV. 176, 1 b; in Asia Minor, 2 b. Galli and
Galahe, 2 c.
CELTS, Languages and Literature of the, IV.
177; IX. 455, 2 a. Bas Breton, IV. 177,
2 a. Welsh (Cymraeg), 178, 2 b; Cornish
branch, 179, 2 b. Gaelic, 2 be.
Cembalo [chem -ba-lo], (bay of Balaklava), II.
231, 2 b.
CEMENTATION, chemical process, IV. 180.
Cement copper, V. 326, 1 b.
CEM ENTS, IV. 180. Different kinds of, 181,
1 c. Building mortar, ib. Hydraulic cem
ents, 182, 1 be ; kilns for preparing, 183,
2 a ; setting and hardening, 2 c. Those used
in Europe, 184, 1 b. Roman cement (mod
ern), ib. Portland cement, 2 a. Hydraulic
lime of Saint-Leger, 185, 1 a; of Teil, 2 ab.
Tests of hardness and strength. 2 b. Mas-
ties, 186, 1 c. Plaster of Paris, ib. Various
other cements, ib. Cement for iron, II. 5, 2 c.
CEMETERY, IV. 187. Cemeteries around Con
stantinople, 2 b. Campo Santo of Pisa,
2 be; of Bologna, 2 c; of Genoa, &c., 188,
1 a. Pere Lachaise, 1 b. Cemeteries in the
United States, 1 c.
Cenacle [sa-nak l], literary association of Paris,
IX. 35, 1 c.
CENCI, Beatrice [ba-a-trG -cha chen -che], Ro
man girl, IV. 188.
Cenci, Giovanni (Pope John X.), IX. 647, 1 a.
CENEDA [cha-na -da], town of Italy. IV. 189.
CENIS, Mont [Fr. mo ng siih-ne], IV. 189. Mont
Cenis railway, 2 ab (ill.). Mont Cenis tun
nel, 190, 1 a; XVI. 34, 2 ab.
CEN OBITE, IV. 190.
Cenobit ical life, growth of in the early church,
XL 729, 1 b.
Cenoma ni, ancient town : see MANS, Le.
Cenozo ic (tertiary} period, in geology, VII.
697, 2 a. See table, 694.
Cenozoic rocks, in geology, VII. 694, 1 a.
CENSEE, vessel for incense, IV. 190.
CENSOE, Roman magistrate, IV. 190.
CENSORINUS
CEPHISSUS
ITT
CENSORI NUS, Latin grammarian and chronolo-
gist, IV. 191.
Censors, at Oxford university, XII. 765, 2 c.
CENSORSHIP OF THE PRESS, IV. 191. By the
Roman Catholic church, 2 be. In England,
2 c. In France, 192, 1 ab. In other conti
nental states, 1 c. In the United States,
2 be.
CENSUS, IV. 192. In Russia, 193, 1 a. In
Prussia, 2 a. In the minor German states,
2 c. In Austria, ib. In Sweden, 194, 1 b.
In Denmark, 2 b. In Portugal, ib. In Italy,
195, 1 b. In Greece, 1 c. In Turkey, ib.
In France, 2 a. In Great Britain, 2 c. In
the United States, 196, 1 c; in the several
states, 199, 2 a. International statistical
congresses, 2 c. Dr. Jarvis s comparative
table, 200.
CENT, coin, IV. 201. Fractions and multiples
of, 1 c, ff. Origin of the name, IX. 592, 1 c.
Cen taur, constellation : see CENTAIJRUS.
CENTAURS, fabulous, IV. 201 (ill., 202); X.
161, 2 c. Palaephatus s explanation of the
fable, IV. 202, 1 c.
Centau rus, fabulous, IV. 202, 1 a.
CENTAURUS, constellation, IV. 202.
CEN TAURY (botany), IV. 202 (ill.).
CENTIGRADE SCALE, IV. 202. Reduction to
Fahrenheit s, 2 c, and XVI. 699, 2 be (ill.).
Centime [sa" g -teem]: see FRANO, VII. 365, 2 b.
CEN TIPEDE, articulated animal, IV. 202. Sco-
lopendra morsitans, 203, 2 c (ill.).
CENTLIVRE, Susanna [sent -liv-er], English dra
matic writer, IV. 204.
CENTO, a kind of poem, IV. 204.
Centorbi [chen-tor -be], town of Sicily, with
ancient remains: see Centiiripa (Index).
CENTRAL AMERICA, IV. 204.
Central American picture writing: see HIERO
GLYPHICS, VIII. 720, 2 c.
Central lattery and armor belt system: see
IRON-CLAD SHIPS, IX. 386, 1 c.
CENTRAL CITY, town of Colorado, IV. 205.
CENTRAL HEAT, theory of, IV. 205.
Central park, New York, XII. 380, 2 a; XIII.
105, 1 a (map), 106, 1 b.
CENTRAL PROVINCES, British India, IV. 205.
Centran thus (botany), XVI. 245, 2 c.
Centrar chns (ichthyology), II. 367, 2 c. C.
hexacanthus, 368, 2 c. C. aeneus, 369, 1 ab
(ill.)-
CENTRE, county, II. 206.
Centre, county seat, IV. 377, 2 b.
Centres, Fenian, VII. 125, 2 a.
12
Centremllc, county seats, I. 593, 1 c ; II. 608,
.1 a ; VIII. 715, 1 a ; XIV. 144, 1 c ; 538, 2 a.
Centreville, Va. : see BULL RUN, III. 429, 1 a, ff.
Centre work, in turning, XVI. 73, 1 b.
Centrifugal force, from the earth s rotation,
an objectionable expression, VIII. 176, 1 c.
In mechanics, XI. 323, 1 c (ills.).
Centriscus (ichthyology), II. 508, 2 a. C. scolo-
pax, 2 ab. See XIII. 537, 1 a.
Centrocercus urophasianus (ichthyology), VIII.
271, 1 ab (ill.).
Centropistis nigricans (ichthyology), II. 368, 1 a.
Centrum ovale majus, section of the brain, III.
191, 2b.
Centu ripa, ancient town (now Centorbi), I.
190, 1 a.
Centullus, feudal prince of Beam, II. 422, 1 c.
Ce orl [A. S. ke-url , whence churl] : see SERF,
XIV. 775, 2 b.
CEOS : see ZEA.
Cephaelis ipecacuan ha [sef-a-e -lis], (botany),
IX. 342, 1 c (ill.).
Cephalce dis, ancient town : see CEFALU.
Cephalas pids, family of fossil fish, VII. 615, 2 a.
Cephalaspis, fossil fish, VII. 616, 1 b (ill.).
Cephalization : see PHILOSOPHICAL ANATOMY,
XIII. 428, 2 b.
Cephalle nia : see CEPHALONIA.
CEPHALONIA, Ionian island, IV. 206.
Cephaloph ora, class of mollusks, XI. 722, 1 ab.
Eyes of, VII. 48, 1 c.
CEPHALOP ODA, mollusks, IV. 206. Argonaut
without the shell (ill.), 207, 1 a ; within the
shell (ill.), 1 c. Ilectocotyli, ib. Acetabula,
2 a. Dibranchiate and tetrabranchiate ce-
phalopods, divisions of, 2 b. Fossil species,
2 be. See II. 484, 2 b ; XI. 722, 1 ab, 723,
1 a. Eyes of, VII. 48, 1 be.
Cephal opods : see CEPHALOPODA (Index).
Cephalop tera (ichthyology), VI. 55, 1 b. C.
vampyrus, 2 a (ill.). Other species, ib.
Ccphalop terus (ornithology), XVI. 109, 2 a.
C. ornatus, 2 b (ill.).
Ccphalo tes (zoology) : see BAT, II. 376, 2 c.
Cephalotho rax, of crabs, lobsters, &c., V. 448,
2 ab; X. 561, 1 b.
Ceplialotm follicula ris (botany), XIII. 549,
1 c (ill.).
CEPH ALUS, mythical, IV. 208.
Ce phas, XIII. 351, 2 c (PETER).
Cepheus [se -fuce], mythical Ethiopian king, I.
487, 1 a (ANDROMEDA).
CEPHIS SUS, river of Greece, IV. 208; II. 94,
1 c.
178
CEPHREN
CERVANTES
CepJi ren, king of Egypt, IV. 374, 2 b. Pyra
mid of, XIV. 106, 2 be (Shafra s).
Cep ola (ichthyology), XIV. 306, 2 e, C. rubes-
cens, ib.
Cera, wax, XVI. 515, 1 c.
CEKACCHI, Giuseppe [cha-rak -ke], Italian sculp
tor, IV. 208.
CEKAM , one of the Molucca islands, IV. 208.
Ceramia cece: see ALG.E, I. 299, 2 ab.
Ceram ic art, XIII. 778, 1 a, 2 a.
Ceram icus, suburb of Athens, I. 49, 2 b. In
ner (site), II. 59, 2 c ; outer, ib.
Cerasine [ser -a-sin], gum, VIII. 321, 1 c.
Ceras tes Hasselquis tii, asp or horned viper, II.
18, 1 c ; XVI. 368, 1 c, 2 ab. C. nasicornis,
2 a.
Cer asus xulga ris (botany), IV. 380, 1 be (ill.).
C. Virginiana, 2 ab (ill.).
Ceratocam padce (entomology), XI. 869, 2 a.
Ceratocampa regalis (entomology), XL 869, 2 a.
Ceratomia quadricornis (entomology), larva of,
VIII. 533, 1 c.
Cerat ophrys (zoology), VIII. 822, 2 b. C. cor-
nuta (ill.), 2 a.
CERAU XIAX MOUNTAINS, ancient name of two
ranges, IV. 20S. Ceraunii, 209, 1 a.
CER BERUS, mythical monster, IV. 209 (ill.) ;
VIII. 680, 1 a.
Cerberus, iron-clad war ship, IX, 386, 2 c (ill).
Cerca ricB (entozoa), VI. G67, 2 ab.
Cere is (botany), IX. 699, 2 c. C. Canadensis,
700, 1 a (ill.). Other species, 1 c.
Ccrcoce lus (zoology), XI. 753, 1 b. C. cynosu-
rus, ib. C. sabreus, ib. C. fuliginosus, 1 be.
Cercola bes (zoology), XIII. 716, 2 be. C. pre-
hensilis, 717, 1 b (ill.).
Cercoldbi na (zoology), XIII. 715, 2 c.
Cercolep tes (zoology), XIII. 792, 2 ab. C. cau-
di volvulus, 2 c (ill.).
Cer copis (entomology), VIII. 630, 1 b.
Cercopithe cus (zoology), XI. 752, 2 c. C. mo-
na, ib. C. Dianas, 753, 1 a (ill.).
Cerdo, founder of the Cerdonians, IV. 209, 1 c,
CERDOXIAXS, ancient heretics, IV. 209.
CERE, Jean Nicolas [sa-ra], French botanist,
IV. 209. Cerea, 2 a.
CEREA LIA, Roman festival, IV. 209.
Cerealine [se-re-a -lin], in bran, III. 208, 2 a.
Ce reals, time to cut for food, I. 199, 2 b.
Cerebellum, III. 186, 1 b ; 190, 1 a; XII. 235,
1 b (ill., 234). Of birds, reptiles, and fishes,
2 c.
Cerebral hemispheres, III. 191, 2 a (ill.); XII.
235, 1 b.
Cerebral meningi Us, brain disease, III. 200, 1 c.
Cerebric acid, III. 186, 2 b.
Cerebri tis, inflammation of the brain, III. 202,
1 a.
Cerebro-spinal axis, XII. 234, 2 b.
Cerebro-spinal fluid, III. 188, 1 c,
CEREBRO-SPIXAI. MENINGITIS : see SPINAL DIS
EASES, XV. 269, 1 a, and VII. 168, 2 c.
CERES [se -reez], Greek and Roman goddess,
IV. 209 (ill., 210). Her fabled birthplace,
90, 1 be.
Ceres, asteroid, II. 38, 2 b.
CE REUS (botany), IV. 210. C. giganteus, 2 a
(ill.). Night-blooming (cactus grandiflo-
rus) : see CACTUS, III. 534, 1 a (ill., 533).
CERIGXOLA [cha-re-nyo -la], town of Italy, IV.
210.
CERIGO [cher -e-go], Ionian island, IV. 211.
Cerigotto, 1 b.
Cerine [se -rin], (cerotie acid), XVI. 515, 2 a.
Cerinthians, sect: see CERINTHUS.
CEEIX TIIUS, Gnostic leader, IV. 211. Cerin
thians, 2 a ; their doctrine respecting the
parentage of Christ, XI. 217, 2 c.
Cerior nis (ornithology), XV. 838, 1 be. C.
satyr a, 1 c (ill.).
Ce rite, mineral, IV. 211, 2 b.
CERITO, Francesca (Fanny), [chu-rG -to], Italian
dancer, IV. 211.
CE RIUM, metal, IV. 211. Preparation of, 2 b.
Discovery of, II. 588, 2 c.
Ce rodon (zoology), IV. 157, 2 ab. C. rupes-
tris, 2 be (ill.). C. flavidens, 2 c. C. Spixii,
ib. C. Boliviensis, ib. C. australis, 158, 1 a.
Ceroleine [se-ro -le-in] : see WAX, XVI. 515, 2 a.
Cerorliina monocerata (ornithology), VIII. 310,
1 c.
Cerotie acid: see WAX, XVI. 515, 2 a.
CERRETO [chair-ra -to], town of Italy, IV. 211.
CER RO GOR DO, mountain pass, Mexico, and
battle of, IV. 212.
CERRO GORDO, county, IV. 212.
Cerro de Potosi: see POTOSI.
CERTALDO [chair-tal -do], town of Italy, IV. 212.
Certhia (ornithology), V. 473, 1 a. C. famili-
aris or C. Americana, ib. (ill.).
CERTIORARI [sur-sho-ra -re], writ, IV. 212.
Ceru men, waxy secretion of the ear, XV. 79,
2 ab.
Ce russite, carbonate of lead, X. 250, 1 a.
CERUTTI, Joseph Antoine Joachim [eha-roof-
te], French author, IV. 212.
CERVAX TES SAAYE DRA, Miguel de [Sp. thair-
van -tace sa-a-va -iAra], Spanish author, IV.
CERVIA
CIIACIIAPOYAS
179
212; XV. 221, 2 a. See AVELLAXEDA.
Statue of, at Madrid, X. 834, 1 be.
CERVIA [chair -ve-a], town of Italy, IV. 214.
Cer vical plexus: see NERVE, XII. 232, 2 a.
Cervidce (zoology), V. 750, 1 c.
CERVIX, Mont [mo ng sfiir-vii ns j : see MATTERIIORN.
Cervole: see CERVOLLE.
CERVOLLE, Arnaud de [duh sair-viil], French
freebooter, IV. 214.
Cer vulus (zoology), XII. 47, 1 a. C. vaginalis,
47, 1 b (ill.). Other species, 2 a.
Ccrvus (zoology), correct English names of the
male and female of, III. 385, 1 c (BUCK). C.
camelopardalis, VII. 819, 2 be (ill., 820). C.
Canadensis, XVI. 440, 2 a (ill.); HI. 385,
1 be; VI. 541, 1 a. C. elaplms, XV. 301,
2 c (ill., 302). C. giganteus, VI. 541, 1 a.
Cery le (ornithology), IX. 839, 1 b, 2 c. C.
alcyon, 2 c (ill.).
Cesalpino, Andrea [cha-zal-pe -no] : see CJ^SAL-
PIXUS.
CESARE, Giuseppe, cavaliere di [de cba -za-ra],
Italian historian, IV. 214.
CESARI, Antonio, Italian author, IV. 214.
CESARI, Giuseppe, Italian painter, IV. 214.
Cesarini, Cardinal Julian [cha-za-re -ne], papal
legate at the council of Basel, II. 358, 1 c.
CESAROTTI, Melchiore [cha-za-rot -te], Italian
poet, IV. 215.
CESEXA [cha-za -na], city of Italy, IV. 215.
CESXOLA, Luigi Palma di, count [de ches -no-la],
American soldier and explorer, IV. 215. His
discoveries in Cyprus, 2 a. Colossus of Gol-
gos, 216, 1 b (ill.). Discovery of the temple
of Venus at Golgos, 217, 1 a. Collection of
Cypriote glass in the Xew York metropol
itan museum, VIII. 7, 2 c (ills., 8).
CESPEDES, Carlos Manuel de [ses -pft-dace],
president of Cuba, IV. 217. (Died 1874.)
CESPEDES, Pablo de, Spanish artist and author,
IV. 2 17.
Cestoi dea (entozoa), VI. 063, 2 c; I. 61, 1 be.
Cestoid worms : see Cestoiiea (Index).
Ccstra cion (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 2 ab. C.
Phillipsii, 2 b.
Cestracion tidce (ichthyology), XIV. 829, 2 a.
Cestua rii, ancient boxers, IV. 217, 2 c.
CESTUS, girdle, IV. 217. See VEXUS, XVI.
302, 2 c.
Cesti/s, in ancient pugilism, XIV. 73, 1 ab.
Cestns Ven eri*, jelly fish, XVI. 305, 1 c (ill.).
Cestuy que trust: see TRUSTS, XVI. 17, 2 c.
Ceatuy que me, II. 310, 2 b. See USES.
Cetaceans, herbivorous, XV. 68, 2 a.
Cethe gus, Roman conspirator, IV. 120, 2 b.
CETIGXE : see CETTIGXE.
Celine [se -tin], pure spermaceti, XV. 261, 2 a.
Cetra, ancient target or shield, XIV. 853,
2b.
Cetra ria Islan dica, Iceland moss, IX. 156, 2 b
(ill., 157) ; X. 410, 2 c. Referred to, I. 299,
2 be.
CETTE [set], seaport of France, IV. 217.
CETTIGXE [set-te -nya], capital of Montenegro,
IV. 218.
CE TUS, constellation, IV. 218.
Cetyl ic acid, from spermaceti, XV. 261, 2 be.
Cetylie alcohol, from spermaceti, XV. 261, 2 b.
CEU TA [Sp. thii -oo-ta], Spanish town and for
tress in Morocco, IV. 218.
CEVEXXES [sa-ven], mountain range of France,
IV. 218. Former province, 219, 1 a. Insur
rection in the : see CAMISARDS.
Cercnols [saiv-nul], a name of the Camisards,
III. 657, 2 a.
CEYLOX [se-lon J, island, Indian ocean, IV. 219.
Shores, 1 ab. Mountains, 2 a (ill., Adam s
Peak). Hydrography, 2 b. Minerals, &c.,
220, 1 a. Climate, 1 b. Fauna, 1 c. Vege
table productions, 2 a. People, 2 c (ill., 221).
Government, 221, 1 c. Resources, 2 a. His
tory, 2 c. See CINGALESE LANGUAGE.
Cey lonite, mineral, XV. 271, 2 b.
CEZIMBRA [sa-zee ng -bra], seaport of Portugal,
IV. 222.
CIIABAS, Francois Joseph [sha-ba], French
archaeologist, IV. 222.
CHABEBT, Joseph Bernard, marquis de [sha-
bair], French navigator and astronomer, IV.
222.
CIIABLAIS [sha-blil], a former division of Savoy,
IV. 222.
CIIABLIS [sha-ble] : see FRANCE, Wines of, VII.
413, 2 a.
CTiabnras [ka-bo -ras], river of Mesopotamia,
VII. 49, 1 ab; XI. 415, 2 c.
CHABOT, Frangois [sha-bo], French revolution
ist, IV. 222.
CIIABOT, Philippe de, French general, IV. 223.
CHABRIAS [kab -re-as], Athenian general, IV.
223.
CIIABRILLAX, Celeste Venard, countess de [diili
sha-bre-ya"*], French author, IV. 223.
CIIABROL DE CROUZOL, Andre Jean, count [sha-
briil duh kroo-ziil], French statesman, IV.
223.
CHACHAPOYAS [cha-cha-po -yass], town of Peru,
IV. 223.
180
CHACO
CHAMJEROPS
CHACO, El Gran [ail gran cha -ko], region of
South America, IV. 223.
Cha-rca, Cassius [ke -re-a], chief assassin of
Caligula, III. 616, 2 ab.
CH^ERONE A, town of Boeotia, IV. 224. Victory
of Philip of Macedon at, 1 c; VIII. 198, 2 c.
Victory of Sulla at, IV. 224, 1 c.
CH.E TODON (ichthyology), IV. 224. 0. ros-
tratus, 2 b (ill.).
Chceto mium, mildew, XI. 535, 2 a.
Chcetu ra (ornithology), XV. 520, 1 b.
CHAFFINCH, bird, IV. 224 (ill., 225).
CHAGRES [cha -gress], river of Colombia, IV.
225.
CHAGEES, seaport of Colombia, IV. 225.
CHAIN SNAKE, IV. 225 (ill.).
Chain icales, in a ship, XIV. 865, 1 b.
Chain work, in stockings, XV. 391, 1 b.
Chair, in railroad building, XIV. 180, 2 b.
CHAIN o Esx ANGE, Gustavo Louis Adolphe
Victor Charles [sha dest a ng zh], French ad
vocate, IV. 226. (Died 1876.)
Chalais, Count de [sha-la], beheaded by Riche
lieu, XIV. 317, 1 c.
Chalazce [kal -a-ze], membranes in eggs, VI.
450, 2 be.
CHALCEDON [kal -se-don], ancient town of Asia
Minor, IV. 226. Fourth oecumenical coun
cil at, 2 a.
CHALCEDONY [kal-sed -o-ne], variety of quartz,
IV. 226.
CHALCHIHUITL [chal-che-weet l / ], stone, IV. 227.
CHALCID IANS [kal-], lizards, IV. 227. Brazen
lizard (ill.), 2 a.
Chalcidians, insects, IX. 158, 2 b.
CHALCIDICE [kal-sid -e-se], peninsula, IV. 227.
CHALCIDIUS, Platonic philosopher, IV. 227.
CHALCIS, town of Euboea, Greece, IV. 227.
Chalcis flarcscens (zoology), (ill.), IV. 227, 2 a.
Chalcog raphy : see ENGRAVING, VI. 650, 2 a.
CHALCONDTLES [kal-kon -de-leez], or Chalco-
condyles, Laonicus or Nicolaus, Byzantine
historian, IV. 228. Demetrius, scholar, 1 c.
CHALDEA [kal-de -a], ancient country of Asia,
IV. 228. Gesenius s scheme of Chaldean
history, 229, 2 a. Results of recent re
searches, 230, 1 b.
Chaldean era of Ncibonassar, referred to, IV.
229, 1 a.
Chaldeans, race, IV. 228, 2 a. Priest caste, 229,
1 b. Their improvements in astronomy,
230, 1 a.
Chaldeans, sect: see NESTORIANS, XII. 240,
2 a, c.
CHALDEE LANGUAGE, IV. 230. Use in later
Jewish literature, VIII. 595, 1 c. See I.
631, 2 b.
Chalestoon, a palace in Ghazepoor, VII. 790,
1 c,
CHALEURS, Bay of [sha-lur ], Canada, IV. 231.
CHALICE [chal -iss], eucharistic vessel, IV. 231.
CHALK [chawk], earthy mineral, IV. 231. Its
geological relations, 2 b; V. 477, 2 a; VII.
697, 2 a; VIII. 34, 2 c. Uses of, IV. 232,
1 b ; in medicine, ib. French chalk, 1 c.
Black chalk, ib. Red chalk, ib.
" Chalk," in lithography, X. 526, 2 ab.
Chalk as a ferment, VII. 143, 2 c ; 146, 2 a.
CHALKLEY, Thomas, English Quaker preacher,
IV. 232.
CHALLENGE, IV. 232.
CIIAL LONER, Richard, English bishop and his
torian, IV. 233.
CIIAL MERS, Alexander [Scot, chaw -merz], Brit
ish author, IV. 233.
CHALMERS, George, British historian, IV. 233.
CHALMERS, Thomas, Scottish clergyman and
author, IV. 233. Great spiritual change,
234, 1 b. Canning s judgment of him as a
preacher, 2 a. Leader in the evangelical
party, and its secession from the established
church, 235, 1 a. Evil of over population,
.XIII. 670, 1 c.
Chdlonnais [sha-lun-na], former county of
Burgundy, IV. 236, 1 a.
CnALON-suR-SAdNE [sha-lo nff -sur-s6ne], city of
France, IV. 235.
CHALONS-STJR-MARNE [sha-l6 ng -sur-marn], town
of France, IV. 236. Church of Notre Dame,
1 b (ill.). Battle of Chalons, 1 c, and I.
155, 2 b. Camp of, IV. 236, 2 b. Council
against simoniacs, VIII. 800, 2 be.
CHALOTAIS, La, Louis Rene" de Caradeuc de
[L v i sha-lo-ta], French statesman and author,
IV. 236.
CHALYBlrs, Heinrich Moritz [ka-le-ba -oos],
German philosopher, IV. 237.
CHALYBEATE [ka-lib -e-ate], IV. 237.
Chalybeate bread, X. 88, 1 c.
Chalybeate springs, IV. 237, 2 a; XL 592, 1 c.
CHAM [kam], pseudonyme of Am6dee Noe,
French caricaturist, IV. 237.
CHAMA [a -ma], genus of bivalves, IV. 237.
Chamcedo rea (botany), XIII. 18, 1 a.
Chama leo (zoology), IV. 242, 2 b. C. vulgaris,
2 c (ill., 243).
Chamcerops [ka-me -rops], (botany), XIII. 21,
1 ab. C. humilis, ib. C. excelsa, ib. (ill., 20) ;
CHAMBERLAIN
CHAMPOLLION
181
flowers of, 17, 1 ab (ill., 16). C. hystrix, 27,
1 be.
CHAMBERLAIN, court officer, IV. 237. Lord
chamberlain, 238, 1 a. Municipal chamber
lains, 1 b.
CHAMBERLAYNE, Edward, English author, IV.
238. John, author, 1 c.
CHAMBERS, two counties, IV. 238.
CHAMBERS, Ephraim, English cyclopa3dist, IV.
238.
CHAMBERS, George, English artist, IV. 238.
CHAMBERS, Sir William, English architect, IV.
239.
CHAMBERS, William and Robert, Scottish au
thors and publishers, IV. 239.
CHAMBERSBURG, borough of Pennsylvania, IV.
240.
CHAMBERTIX [sha ng -bair-ta ng ], French vineyard,
IV. 240. Wine of, VII. 413, 1 a.
CHAMBERY [sha ng -ba-re], town of Savoy, IV.
240 (view).
CHAMBLY [sha ng -ble], county of Canada, IV. 241.
Chambly, county seat, IV. 241, 2 a.
CHAMBORD [sha ng -bor], village of France, IV.
241. Castle of, 2 b (ill).
CHAMBORD, Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie
Dieudonne, count de, duke of Bordeaux, IV.
241. Origin of his title, 2 c. Marie Therese
Beatrice Gaetane, countess de, 242, 1 b.
CHAMBRAY, Georges, marquis de [sha ng -bra],
French soldier and author, IV. 242.
CHAMBRE ARDEXTE [sha ng -brar-da ng t], special
court of law in France, IV. 242.
CHAMBURE, Auguste Lepelletier de [sha ng -biir],
French soldier, IV. 242.
CHAMELEON [ka-me -lc-on], reptile, IV. 242
(ill, 243).
Chameleons of the sea, IV. 207, 2 b.
CHAMFORT, Sebastien Roch Nicolas [sha ng -for],
French author, IV. 243.
Chamfront, in armor, I. 733, 2 c.
CHAMISSO, Adalbert von [sha-mis -so], German
poet and naturalist, IV. 244. On the salprc,
XI. 724, 2 c (MoLLrscoms).
CHAMOIS [sham -me ; Fr. sha-mwa], Alpine an
telope, IV. 244 (ill.). See I. 546, 1 a. Cha
mois (shammy) leather, IV. 244, 2 c.
CHAMOMILE [kam -o-milc], plant, IV. 245 (ill.).
Chamomile tea, 1 ab. Stinking chamomile :
see MAYWEED.
Chamonix [sha-mo-ne] : see CITAMOUXI.
CHAMORRO, Fruto [cha-more -ro], Central
American statesman, IV. 245.
Chamotte [sha-mof] : see Zixc, XVI. 822, 2 b.
CHAMOUNI [sha-moo-ne], Alpine valley, IV.
245. Village, 246, 1 be (ill., 245).
Chamouny : see CHAMOUXI.
Champa [cham -pa], lignitic fuel, 1. 464, 1 a.
CHAMPAGNE [shu ng -pany J, former province of
France, IV. 246. W T ines of, VII. 413, 2 a, ff.
CHAMPAGXE, Philippe de, French painter, IV.
246.
Champagne laths, XI. 597, 2 a.
CIIAMPAGXY, Jean Baptiste Nornpere, count de
[duh sha" g -pa-nye], duke de Caclore, French
statesman, IV. 246. Louis Alix Nompere
de, duke de Cadore, 2 c. Frangois Joseph
Marie Therese, count de, author, 247, 1 a:
Napoleon Marie de Nompere, count de, agri
culturist, ib. Jerome Paul de Nompere,
legislator, 1 ab.
CHAMPAIGN [sham-pain ], two counties, IV. 247.
Champaigne, Philippe de: see CHAMPAGXE.
Champ de Mai [sha ng duh ma], IV. 247, 2 ab,
c; 291, 1 a.
CHAMP DE MARS [sha ng duh marce], Frankish
assemblage, IV. 247. Public square of Paris,
2b; XIII. 81, 2b.
Champdivers, Odette de [sha ng -de-vair], mistress
of Charles VI., IV. 286, 1 c,
CHAMPE, John [champ], American soldier and
spy, IV. 247.
Cluimpeaux, William de : see WILLIAM OF
CHAMPEATJX.
CHAM PERTY, in law, IV. 248. How different
from maintenance, 1 b.
CHAMPFLEURY [sha ng -fluh-re], (Jules Fleury),
French author, IV. 248.
Champfort: see CHAMFORT.
Champignon [sha ng -pe-nyo ng ], mushroom, XII.
72, 1 a. Fairy ring champignon, ib. (ill.).
CHAM PION, IV. 248. Judicial champion, 2 c.
Championship of England, 249, 1 a.
Champion Hills, battle of, XVI. 179, 1 c.
CHAMPLAIN [sham-plain ; Fr. sha ng -pla ng ], county
of Canada, IV. 249.
CHAMPLAIN, township of New York, IV. 249.
CIIAMPLAIX, Lake, IV. 249. Naval battle of, 2 b.
CHAMPLAIN, Samuel de, French navigator, IV.
250; IX. 79, 1 c.
Champlain day, VI. 112, 1 c.
Champlain forge, II. 742, 2 b.
CIIAMPLIN, Charles Josuah : see Chaplin (In
dex).
CIIAMPMESLE, Marie Desmares [sha ng -ma-la],
French actress, IV. 252. Charles Chevillet
(Champmesle), playwright and comedian, 1 c.
CiiAMPOLLioN-FiGEAc, Jacques Joseph [sha ng -
182
OHAMPOLLION
CHAPEL
pul-yo ng -fe-zhak], French archaeologist, IY.
252. Aim6 Champollion, author, 2 b.
CHAMPOLT.ION LE JEUNE, Jean Francois [liih
zhiin], Egyptologist, IV. 252. See EGYPT,
Language and Literature of, VI. 475, 1 a, ff.
Champseix, Leonie [sha ng -sa] : see LEO, Andre\
Champs filysees [sha ng za-le-za], public grounds
of Paris, XIII. 80, 2 b.
Chance, James, his patent plate glass, VIII. 18,
2 ab. Chance and co. s disks of flint and
crown glass, 21, 1 a.
CHANCEL, division in a church, IV. 253.
CHANCELLOR, law officer, IV. 253. Derivation
" of the title, 2 c. In Roman courts, ib. Func
tion of the chancellor of Great Britain, ib. ;
official rank and prerogatives, 254, 1 ab, c;
legal style of, 1 c ; tenure of office, V. 429,
2 b. Chancellor of the exchequer, IV. 254,
2 ab ; of Oxford, 2 b ; of a bishop, ib. Chan
cellors in continental Europe, ib. ; in the
United States, 2 c.
CHANCELLOESVILLE, Battle of, IV. 254. Forces
engaged, 255, 1 a. Hooker s disposition of
his forces, 1 b; advantage of the position
gained, 1 c. Fatal oversight and mismanage
ment, 2 b. Vicissitudes of the three days
conflicts, 256, 1 a, ff. Retreat of the Union
army, 257, 2 be. Analysis of the reports of
the battle, 2 c.
CHANCEEY, IV. 258. Proceedings in equity,
259, 1 be. In the United States, 2 b. New
York court of, IX. 795, 2 ab.
Chancery, in pugilism, XIV. 76, 2 c.
Chand: see CHFND.
Chandairi [chan-df -re] : see CHENDAEEE.
Chandelier tree, XIII. 36, 2 c.
CHANDEENAGOEE , French colony in India, IV.
259.
CHANDLEE, Richard, English archsaologist, IV.
259.
CHANDLEE, Samuel, English theologian, IV. 260.
CHANDLEE, Thomas Bradbury, American cler
gyman, IV. 260.
Chandler, Col. : see ANDEESONYILLE, I. 475, 1 a.
Chandler grass, V. 420, 2 b.
CHANDOS, Sir John, English soldier, IV. 260.
Chandragupta [chan-dra-goop -ta], king of
Maghada, IX. 207, 1 be.
Chang and Eng, Siamese twins, XI 765, 2 c (ill.).
CHANGAENIEE, Nicolas Anne Theodule [sha ng -
gar-nya], general, IV. 261. (Died 1877.)
CHANG-CHOO-FOO , city of China, IV. 261.
CHANG-CHOW , city of China, IV. 261.
Changelings : see FAIEIES, VII. 64, 1 b.
Change of life, in women,. I. 181, 1 b.
Changkiakau [chang-ke-a-kow J : see KALGAN.
Channa cJiavaria [kan -na ka-va -re-a], (orni
thology), XIV. 712, 1 a.
CHANNEL ISLANDS, IV. 261. Alderney breed
of cattle, 2 c.
CHANNING, Edward Tyrrel, American scholar,
IV. 262.
CHANNING, "Walter, American physician, IV.
262. (Died 1876.)
CHANNING, William Ellery, American clergy
man and author, IV. 262. Religious views,
263, 1 c. v On social reform?, 2 c. Opposi
tion to slavery, 264, 1 a.
CHANNING, "William Ellery, American author,
IV. 264.
CIIANNING, William Henry, American clergy
man and author, IV. 264.
Chansons de geste [sha ng -so ng duh zhest], poems
of the trouveres, VII. 403, 2 a.
CHANT, IV. 265.
Chan-ta-bon : see CHANTIBUN.
CHANTAL, Jeanne Francoise Fremiot, baroness
de [sha ns -tal], saint, IV. 265.
Chantarelle [sha ng -ta-rel], mushroom, XII. 72,
1 c (ill.).
Chant du depart [slia ng dti da-par], author of,
IV. 374, 1 b.
CHANTIBUN [shan-te-bun j. town of Cambodia,
IV. 265.
CHANTILLY [sha ng -te-yc], town of France, IV.
265. Dome of stables, 2 a (ill.).
Chantilly, Va. [shan-til -le], military encounter
near, III. 431, 2 be.
Chantilly, Mile, dc, assumed name, VII. 97,
2 c (FAYAET).
CHANTEEY, Sir Francis, English sculptor, IV.
265.
Chanut [sha-nti], French ambassador, portrai
ture of Queen Christina of Sweden by, IV.
547, 2 b.
CHANZY, Antoine Eugene Alfred [sha n *-ze],
French soldier, IV. 266.
CHAOS [ka -os], in classical mythology, IV. 266 ;
XII. 711, 1 a. In natural history, IV. 266,
2 ab.
Chapadas [sha-pa -das], narrow plateaus in
Brazil, III. 218, 2 ab.
CHAPALA [cha-pa -la], lake of Mexico, IV. 266.
Chapapote [cha-pa-po -ta], kind of asphaltum,
II. 672, 1 a; V. 545, 1 be.
CHAPEL, IV. 266. Origin of the word, 2 b.
Chapels inaccessible to women, 2 c. Knights
of the chapel, 267, 1 be.
CHAPELAIN
CHAPELAIN, Jean [snap-la"*], French poet, IV.
267.
Chapel of the angel, in Jerusalem, IX. 617, 1 ab.
Chapel of Golgotha, in Jerusalem, IX. 616, 2 a.
CHAPEL HILL, village of North Carolina, IV. 267.
Chapelle du damne [sha-pel dii da-no], in Notre
Dame, Paris, IV. 266, 2 c.
Chapelles ardmtes [sha-pSl zar-dii ng t], for royal
funerals, IV. 267, 1 a.
Chapelmaster, orchestra leader, IV. 267, 1 a.
CHA PIN, Edwin Hubbell, American clergyman,
IV. 267.
CHAPIN, Stephen, American clergyman, IV. 268.
CHAPIN, William, American teacher of the
blind, IV. 268.
COAPLET : see BEAD.
Chaplin, Charles Josuah [shap-la ng ], French
painter, IV. 252 (incorrectly, Champlin).
CHAP LIN, Jeremiah, American clergyman, IV.
2G8.
CHAPMAN, George, English poet, IV. 268.
Translation of Homer, 2 b. Imprisoned by
King James for satirical reflections on
Scotchmen, 2 c.
CHAPMAN, John Gadsby, American artist, IV.
268.
CHAPONE, Mrs. [sha-pone ], English authoress,
IV. 269.
CHAPOO , seaport of China, IV. 269.
Chappaqua [chap -pa-kwa] : see GREELEY, VIII.
224, 2 c.
CHAPPE, Claude [shap], French engineer and
mechanician, IV. 269.
CHA.PPE D AUTEROCIIE, Jean [shap do-trush],
French astronomer, IV. 269.
CHAPSAL, Charles Pierre [shap-sal], French
grammarian, IV. 269.
CIIAPTAL, Jean Antoine [shap-tal], count de
Chanteloup, French chemist and statesman,
IV. 269.
CHAPTER, of a cathedral or collegiate church,
IV. 270.
Chapters of the Xew Testament, introduction
of, II. 612, 1 a. .
CHAPULTEPEO [cha-pool-ta-pek ], fortress of
Mexico, IV. 270 (ill.). Its capture by Gen.
Scott, 2 c.
Char, fish : see TROUT, XVI. 8, 2 c.
CHARA [ka -ra], genus of aquatic plants, IV.
270. See CALCAREOUS SPRINGS, III. 568, 1 b.
Chara cecv : see ALG.F., I. 300, 1 a,
Charadri nm (ornithology), XIII. 617, 2 c.
Chara drim (ornithology), XIII. 618, 1 a. C.
Virginicus, 1 c (ill.). C. pluvialis, ib. C.
CHARIOT
183
moririellus and other species, 2 a, ff. C.
vociferus, IX. 831, 1 c (ill.).
CHARBAR BAY, Beloochistan, IV. 271.
ChctTbonnerie democratique [shar-bun-re da-
mo-krii-teek], secret political society, III.
771, 2 c.
Ch,arl)onneries [shar-bun-re] : see CARBONARI,
III. 771, 2 ab.
CHAR COAL, IV. 271. Physical character of,
1 ab; chemical, 2 a. Absorption of gases
by, 2 c. Deoxidizing power of, 272, 1 c ;
deodorizing, 2 ab ; antiseptic, 2 c. Process of
charring, 273, 1 a; ordinary method, 274, 1 b.
Charcoal from alder, I. 268, 1 c. See FUEL,
VII. 516, 2 be, c ; peat charcoal, 2 c. Tendency
of charcoal to spontaneous combustion, V.
138, 1 a. Animal charcoal : see BONE BLACK.
Charcoal iron, for gun barrels, VII. 356, 2 c.
Chard leet, II. 171, 2 be (ill.).
CIIARDIN, Jean [shar-da ng ], French merchant
and traveller, IV. 274.
CIIARDIN, Jean Baptiste Simeon, French paint
er, IV. 275.
Chardon, county seat, VII. 655, 2 c.
CIIARENTE [sha-ra ng t], department of France,
IV. 275.
CHARENTE-INFERIEURE [-a ng -fu-re-ur], depart
ment of France, IV. 275.
CIIARENTON - LE - PONT [sha-ru ng -to ns -luh-po ng ],
town of France, IV. 275.
CHARENTON-ST.-MAURICE [-su ng -mo-reece], vil
lage of France, IV. 275.
CHARES [ka -reez], Athenian general, IV. 275.
Grecian statuary, 276, 1 a.
CHARETTE DE LA CONTRIE, Francois Athanaso
[sha-ret duh la ko ng -tre], Vendcan soldier,
IV. 276.
Char-Frcitag [ k har-frl -tag], (Good Friday),
VIII. 101, 1 a.
Charge, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 ab. Charged
field, ib. Group of charges, 2 c. Common
charges, 673, 1 a. Blazoning of charges,
2 ab ; in fess, in pale, &c., ib. Charge de-
bruised by an ordinary, 2 b. Proper charge,
il). Charge over all, 2 be. See plate (after
p. 670).
CHARGE D AFFAIRES [shar-zha daf-fair], diplo
matic agent, IV. 276.
Charka [kii -re-ka], (botany), XIII. 280, 2 a.
C. ofticinarum and C. Roxburghii, ib.
Charing Cross [cha-ring], in London, X. 594,
2 ab.
CHARIOT, IV. 276. lioman chariot (ill.), 2 b.
British chariot (ill.), 277, 1 a.
184
CHARIOT
CHARLES
Chariot of Venus, mollusk, XI. 722, 1 c.
CHAEIS TICAEIES, in Greek ecclesiastical his
tory, IV. 277.
CHARITE, La [la sha-re-ta], town of France,
IV. 276, 2 a.
CHAEITOX [sha -re-ton], river, IV. 277.
CHAEITOX, county, IV. 277.
Cliariton, county seat, X. TOO, 2 c.
CHAEITY, Brothers of, religions order, IV. 277.
CIIAEITY, Sisters of, religious congregation, IV.
277. In Europe, 2 b; in the United States,
2 c. Origin of, XIII. 176, 1 a.
CHAEIVAEI [sha-re-va-re], mock serenade, IV.
278. In the game of ombre, 1 b.
CHAELEMAGXE, emperor of the West [shar-le-
main ; Fr. sharl-many J : see CIIAELES I.
(Germany).
CHAELEMOXT [shar-luh-m6 ng ] : see GIYET.
CHARLEEOI [shar-luh-rwa], town of Belgium,
IV. 278.
Charleroy : see CIIAELEEOI.
CHAELES, county, IV. 278.
CIIAELES, name of sovereigns and princes, IV.
278.
I. OF EXGLAXD.
CHAELES I., IV. 278. Inauspicious marriage,
2 c. Autocratic assumptions and acts, 279,
1 be. Petition of right, 1 c. Court of the
star chamber revived, council of York, and
the high commission, 2 be. Ship money,
2 c. Long parliament, 280, 1 b. Battle of
Naseby, 281, 1 a. "Hempen rope" for the
parliamentary generals, 1 b. Trial and exe
cution, 281, 1 c, 2 a. Place of his confine
ment, III. 789, 2 c. Dealing in the precious
metals claimed as a prerogative of the crown,
and forbidden to all others, XL 739, 1 c.
CHAELES II., IV. 281. Defeated in the battle
of Worcester, 2 c. Declaration of Breda,
282, 1 a and b. Restoration, 1 a. Marriage,
1 c ; abuse of his queen, 2 a. Declara
tion of indulgence, 2 c. Contests with par
liament, 283, 1 a. Pensioned by Louis XIV.,
ib. Pretended popish plot, 1 b. Rye House
plot, 1 c. Declared by his mistress to be a
Roman Catholic, and absolved by a Catholic
priest, 2 a. His numerous illegitimate off
spring, 2 c. His purchase of Bass Rock as
a prison for Covenanters, II. 372, 1 c. His
treachery: see VANE, XVI. 260, 2 c.
II. OF FEAXCE.
CHAELES MAETEL, IV. 284. Origin of his sur
name, 2 a.
CHAELES I. (Charlemagne) : see CHAELES I. of
Germany.
CHAELES II., the Bald, IV. 284.
CHAELES THE FAT : see CHAELES THE FAT, Ger
many.
CHAELES III., the Simple, IV. 285.
CHAELES IV., the Fair, last of the Capetians,
IV. 285.
CIIAELES V., the Wise, IV. 285.
CHAELES VI., the Mad, or the Beloved, IV.
285.
CHAELES VII., the Victorious, IV. 286.
CHAELES VIII., IV. 287.
CHARLES IX., IV. 287. Massacre of St. Bar
tholomew s day, 2 c.
CHAELES X., IV. 288. Driven into exile, 289,
2 a.
III. OF GERMANY.
CHARLES L, Charlemagne, or Charles the Great,
IV. 289 ; VII. 379, 2 b. Crowned by the
Roman pontiff, IV. 290, 2 c. Self-styled em
peror of the West, ib. Project for reestab
lishing the ancient Roman empire, ib. : see
IRENE, IX. 363, 1 c. Capitularies of, 291, 1 b ;
XIII. 665, 2 b. Favors learning and popu
lar education, IV, 291, 2 a-b, I. 50, 1 a;
the fine arts, IV. 291, 2 c; horticulture,
IX. 5, 2 b. His tomb and relics, I. 223, 2 c.
Relations with Pope Adrian I., I. 131, 2 a;
with Pope Leo III., X. 346, 1 b. His power
in Brittany, III. 300, 1 c.
CHAELES II. : see CIIAELES II. of France.
CHAELES III., the Fat. IV. 292.
CHAELES IV., emperor of Germany. IV. 293.
"Golden Bull," 2 b.
CHAELES V., emperor of Germany and king of
Spain as Charles L, IV. 294. Crowned em
peror, 2 ab. Diet of Worms, 2 be ; of Augs
burg, 295, 2 be. Nuremberg agreement, 2 c.
Smalcald league, 2 c, and 296, 1 be. Treaty
of Passau, 1 c. Abdication, 2 a ; character
ization, 2 b. Relations of Charles V. and
Francis I. with Leo X., X. 348, 2 b.
CHAELES VI., emperor of Germany, and pre
tended king of Spain as Charles III., IV. 297.
War of the Spanish succession, 2 b. Peace
of Passarowitz, 298, 1 b. His pragmatic
sanction, 1 c.
CIIAELES VIL, emperor of Germany, IV. 298.
IV. OF NAPLES.
CHAELES OF AXJOTJ, king of Naples and Sicily,
IV. 299. See I. 528, 1 a, Charles II., the
Lame, IV. 299, 2 be.
CHARLES
CHARLOTTE
185
CHARLES III., king of Naples and Hungary, IV.
299.
V. OF SARDINIA.
CHARLES ALBERT, IV. 300. His defeat at No-
vara and abdication, 2 b.
VI. OF SAVOY.
CHARLES EMANUEL I., the Great, IV. 300.
VII. OF SPAIN.
CHARLES I. : see CHARLES V., Germany.
CHARLES II., king of Spain, IV. 301.
CHARLES III., king of Spain and of the Two
Sicilies, IV. 301.
CHARLES IV, king of Spain, IV. 302. See
GODOY, Manuel de.
VIII. OF SWEDEN.
CHARLES IX., IV. 302.
CHARLES X., Gustavus, IV. 303 ; IX. C50, 2 c.
Charles XI., IV. 304, 1 a; XV. 509, 2 a.
CHARLES XII., IV. 304. Victory at Narva, 2 b.
Conquest of Poland and Saxony, 304, 2 c, ff.
Invasion of Russia, 305, 1 c. Defeat at Pol
tava, 2 b-c. Intrigues with the Turkish gov
ernment, 2 c ; efforts to get rid of him, 306,
1 c. Failure of Baron Gortz s policy, 2 b.
His death, 2 c. Refuge in Bender, II. 517,
1 b. His treatment of Patkul, XIII. 105, 2 c.
CHARLES XIIL, IV. 307. Made king in place
of Gustavus IV., 2 ab.
CHARLES XIV. JOHN : see BERNADOTTE.
CHARLES XV., king of Sweden and Norway,
IV. 307.
IX. OF WURTEMBERG.
CHARLES I., IV. 307.
OTHER PRINCES.
Charles IV., of Anjou, bequeaths the duchy
of Anjou to Louis XI. of France, I. 528, 1 a.
CHARLES, archduke of Austria, IV. 308.
CHARLES, prince of Bavaria, IV. 309.
CHARLES I., prince of Roumania, IV. 309 ; XIV.
451, 2 c.
CHARLES AUGUSTUS, grand duke of Saxe-Wei-
mar-Eisenach, IV. 309.
CHARLES DE BLOIS, duke of Brittany, IV. 309.
CHARLES THE BOLD, duke of Burgundy, IV. 309.
War with Louis XL of France, 310, 2 a. Ex
pedition against Switzerland, 2 c.
CHARLES EDWARD (Stuart), the young pretend
er, IV. 311. His last attempt for the res
toration of the Stuarts, 312, 1 a. Count of
Albany, 2 c. His marriage with the princess
Louisa of Stolberg-Gedern, ib., and 1. 248, 2 c.
See VII. 706, 1 b, and MACDONALD, Flora.
CHARLES, Jacques Alexandre Cesar [sharl],
French physicist, IV. 313.
CHARLES CITY, county, IV. 313.
Charles City, county seat, VII. 288, 2 c.
Charles City Court Home, county seat, IV.
313, 1 c.
Charleses, the three, so called, of Sardinia, III.
114, 1 c.
CHARLES Mix, county, IV. 313.
CHARLES RIVER, Massachusetts, IV. 313.
CHARLES S WAIN, constellation, IV. 313; II.
420, 2 a.
CHARLESTON, county, IV. 313.
CHARLESTON, city of West Virginia, IV. 313.
CHARLESTON, city of South Carolina, IV. 314 ;
view, 315. Commerce, 315, 2 c. History,
317, 1 a. Defence of, during the revolutionary
war, X. 300, 1 b. Fires in 1801 and 1865,
V. 237, 2 b.
Charleston, county seats, IA r . 638, 2 a (or
Charlestown) ; V. 52, 1 c ; XL 658, 2 c ;
XV. 497, 2 a; 556,2 c.
CHARLESTOWN, city of Massachusetts, IV. 317.
Navy yard, 318, 1 c (ill.). History, 319, 1 a.
CHARLESTOWN, town of West Virginia, IV. 318.
Charlestown Village (Woburn, Mass.), XVI.
694, 1 ab.
CIIARLET, Nicolas Toussaint [shar-la], French
artist, IV. 319.
Charleton, William: see COURTEN, William,
V. 433, 2 c.
CHARLEVILLE [shar-luli-veel], town of France,
IV. 319.
CHARLEVOIX [shar-le-voi J, county of Michigan,
IV. 319.
CIIARLEVOIX, county of Canada, IV. 320.
Charlevoix, county seat, IV. 319, 2 c.
CHARLEVOIX, Pierre Francois Xavier de [shar-
liih-vwa], French historian, critic, and trav
eller, IV. 320.
Charlock, wild mustard, XII. 106, 1 c. Jointed
charlock, XIV. 165, 1 c.
CHARLOTTE [shar -lut], county of Virginia, IV.
320.
CHARLOTTE, city of North Carolina, IV. 320.
CHARLOTTE, county of New Brunswick, IV. 320.
Charlotte, county seats, VI. 91, 2 be ; 381, 1 b.
Charlotte, daughter of Jerome Bonaparte, III.
31, 2 b. Daughter of Lucien Bonaparte, 34,
2 be.
186
CHARLOTTE
CHASSELOUP-LAUBAT
CHARLOTTE AMALIE [shar-lof a-ma -le-Sh] : see
SAINT THOMAS, XIV. 555, 1 be.
CHAELOTTE AUGUSTA (Princess Charlotte of
England), IV. 320.
CHAELOTTE HARBOR, inlet of Florida, IV. 321.
CHARLOTTEXBURG [shar-luf-ten-boorg], town
of Prussia, IV. 321. Royal palace, 1 a (ill.).
CHARLOTTESYILLE, town of Virginia, IV. 321.
CHARLOTTETOWX, capital of Prince Edward
Island, IV. 321.
CHARLTOX, county, IV. 321.
CHARMA, Aritoine [shar-ma], French philoso
pher, IV. 321.
Charmosyna [kar-moz -e-na], (ornithology), X.
644, 1 b. C. Papuensis, ib. (ill.).
Charolais, count of [sha-ruh-la], (Charles the
Bold), IV. 309, 2 c.
CHARON [ka -ron], in Greek mythology, IV.
321 (ill., 322).
Charonian steps : see THEATRE, XV. 685, 2 be.
Charon s ditches, excavations, VIII. 269, 2 a.
CHAROST, Armand Joseph de Bethune, duke
de [sha-ro], French philanthropist, IV. 322.
Char p cutler s theory of glacial motion, VII.
829, 2 c.
Charpoy, East Indian mattress, II. 444, 2 ab.
CHARRAS, Jean Baptiste Adolphe [sha-ra],
French officer and military writer, IV. 322.
Charred barrels, for preserving water fresh, II.
585, 1 b.
Charred coal, V. 35, 1 b.
CHARRIEEE, or Charrieres, Isabelle Agnete de
Saint-Hyacinthe de [dub shar-yair], French
authoress, IV. 322.
CHARROX, Pierre [sha-ro ng ], French author, IV.
322.
Charta lombycina [kar -ta bom-bis -e-na], cot
ton paper, XIII. 51, 1 b.
Chartce jurat, and other mediaeval charters,
IV. 323, 1 a.
CHARTER, IV. 323. Mediaeval charters, 1 a.
Charter government, 1 b. Charters of his
torical interest, ib. Case of Dartmouth col
lege, 2 ab ; V. 690, 1 a. "People s charter"
in England, IV.. 324, 1 c. Meaning of the
word, X. 849. 1 a.
Chartered property , inviolability of established,
V. 696, 1 a,
Charterer, IV. 324, 1 ab ; XIV. 870, 1 be.
CHARTERHOUSE, a school and charity of Lon
don, IV. 323 (ill.). School removed, X. 604,
1 c.
Charter of Connecticut, I. 488, 1 c ; V. 261,
1 a, ff ; VIII. 489, 1 be.
" Charter of Liberties: " see MAGXA CHAETA.
Charter oak, allusion to. I. 488, 1 c.
CHARTER PARTY, IV. 324 ; XIV. 870, 1 a.
CHARTIEE, Alain [shar-tya], French writer, IV.
324.
CHARTISM, English political creed, IV. 324.
Six points of, 1 c.
Chartomancy [kar -to-rnan-se] : see DIVIXA-
TIOX, VI. 154, 1 b.
Chartoph ylax, officer in the Greek church,
IV. 326, 1 a.
CHARTRES [shartr J, city of France, IV. 324.
Cathedral of, 2 c (ill.).
CHARTRES, Robert Philippe Louis Eugene Fer
dinand d Orleans, duke de, IV. 325;
CHARTREUSE [shar-truz], name of various Car
thusian monasteries, IV. 325. La Grande
Chartreuse, 2 a (ill.) ; liqueur of, 2 c.
Chartreuse cat, IV. 92, 2 a.
CHARTULARIES [kar -tu-la-riz], ancient church
record books, IV. 325,
Chartulary, ecclesiastical officer, IV. 325, 2 c.
CHARYBDIS AXD SCILLA [ka-rib -dis, sil -la], two
mythical monsters, IV. 326. A whirlpool
and a rock, 1 a.
Chasdim [kas -dim], Hebrew name of the Chal-
dees, II. 189,1 a; IV. 228, 2 a.
CHASE, county, IV. 326.
Chase, in printing, XIII. 850, 1 a.
CHASE, Irah, American clergyman and scholar,
IV. 326.
CHASE, Philander. American bishop, IV, 326.
CHASE, Salmon Portland, American statesman
and jurist, IV. 326. Opposition to slavery,
327, 1 a, ff. TJ. S. senator, 2 c. Governor
of Ohio, 328, 1 c. Secretary of the treasury,
2 a. Financial policy during the civil war,
ib. Chief justice, 2 b.
CHASE, Samuel, American jurist, IV. 328.
ChaseTces [kas -e-keez], a waywode of Athens,
II. 58, 1 a.
Chaska, county seat, IV. 45, 2 a.
CHASLES, Michel [shal], French mathematician,
IV. 329. His principle of duality and prin
ciple of homography, VII. 702, 1 be.
CHASLES, Victor Euphemion Philarete, French
author, IV. 329.
CHABSE, David Hendrik, baron [shas-sa], Dutch
general, IV. 330 ; II. 491, 2 be, and 492, 1 a
and c.
Chasselas de Fontainelleau, grapes, VII. 304, 1 c.
CHASSELOUP-LAUBAT, Francois de, marquis
[shas-loo-lo-ba], French soldier, IV. 330.
Justin Prudent de, count and marquis, sol-
CHASSEPOT
dier, 1 c. Justin Napoleon Samuel Prosper
de, marquis, statesman, 2 a.
CHASSEPOT, Autoine Alphonse [shas-po], French
inventor, IV. 330.
Chassepot gun, XIV. 331, 1 c (ill.) ; I. 750, 2 b.
CHASTEL, Jean [sha-tel] : see CHATEL.
CHASTELAIX, Georges [shat-la ng ], the Adven
turous, French chronicler and poet, IV. 330.
CIIASTELARD, Pierre do Boscobel de [shat-lar],
French poet, IV. 331.
CHASTELER, Jean Gabriel Joseph Albert, mar
quis de [shat-la], French general, IV. 331.
Chastellain : see CHASTELAIX.
CHASTELLUX, Francois Jean, marquis de [sha-
tel-liix], French military officer and man of
letters, IV. 331.
CHAS UBLE, ecclesiastical vestment, IV. 332.
CHAT, bird, IV. 332.
Chateau, feudal castle (castellnm) : see CHA
TEAU-THIERRY, IV. 335, 1 c.
CHATEAUBRIAND, Francois Auguste, viscount
de [sha-to-bre-a ng ], French author and states
man, IV. 332. Sainte-Beuve s analysis of
his political life, 333, 1 c. His relations with
Mine. Recamier, XIV. 220, 2 be.
GMteaulriant, castle of, IV. 334, 1 c. Edicts
of, by Henry II., VIII. 654, 1 ab.
CHATEAUBRIAXT, Francoise de Foix, countess
de, mistress of Francis I., IV. 334.
CHATEAUDUX [sha-to-du" g ], to\vn of France,
IV. 334. Castle of the counts Dunois, 1 c.
Viscounts of, 2 a.
CHATEAU-GOXTIER [-go ne -tya], town of France,
IV. 334.
CHATEAUGUAY [-ga], county of Canada,, IV.
334. Battle of, 2 b.
CHATEAUGUAY, Sieur de : see LE MOYXE.
Chateau Haut-Brion [6-bre-a ng ], wine, VII. 410,
2 c; 411, 1 c.
Chateau Laffittc [la-feet], wine, VII. 410, 2 c.
Chdteau Latour [la-toor], wine, VII. 410, 2 c.
Chateau de Madrid [dub. ma-dre], restaurant
in the Bois de Boulogne, III. 154, 1 be.
Chateau Margaux [mar-go], wine, VII. 410,
2 c; 411, 1 be.
Chateauncuf-du-Papc [-nuf-dii-pap], wines of,
VII. 412, 1 a.
CHATEAUROUX [-roo], town of France, IV. 334.
Ancient castle, prison of the princess do
Conde, 2 c,
CHATEAUROUX, Marie Anne, duchess de, favor
ite of Louis XV., IV. 334.
Chdteau Suduiraut [su-dii-e-ro], wine, VII.
411, 2 a.
CHAUCI
1ST
CHATEAU-THIERRY [-tyair-re], town of France,
IV. 335.
Chdteau Yquem [e-ka" s ], wine, VII. 411, 1 c.
CIIATEL, Ferdinand Toussaint Francois, abbe
[sha-tel], French religious reformer, IV. 335 ;
VII. 579, 1 a.
CHATEL, Jean, French fanatic, IV. 335.
Chdtelar : see CIIASTELARD.
CHATELET [shat-la], name of two fortresses in
Paris, IV. 335. Grand Chatelet, 2 c. Petit
Chatelet, 336, 1 a.
CHATELET, Madame du : see Du CHATELET.
Chdtelherault [sha-ta-la-ro], duke of, I. 764, 1 a.
CHATELLERAULT [slia-tel-ro], town of France,
IV. 336.
CHATHAM [chat -um], two counties, IV. 336.
CHATHAM, town of Canada, IV. 336.
CHATHAM, town of Massachusetts, IV. 336.
CHATHAM, town of New Brunswick, IV. 336.
CHATHAM, borough of England, IV. 337. Naval
establishment, 2 b (ill.).
CHATHAM, Earl of: see PITT, William.
CHATHAM ISLANDS, Pacific ocean, IV. 337.
CHATI [cha -te], species of cat, IV. 337 (ill.).
CHATILLOX - SUB - SEIXE [sha-te-yo ng -sur-sain],
town of France, IV. 338.
Chatmoss, a peat swamp, England, II. 779, 1 b ;
X. 134, l c; XV. 375, 1 c.
CHATRE, La [la shatr ], town of France, IV. 338.
Chats [sha], French name of the Eries (In
dians), VI. 714, 1 b.
CIIATS WORTII, estate of the duke of Devon
shire, IV. 338. Chatsworth house, 2 be (ill.) ;
II. 229, 2 a.
Chattah, object of Buddhist devotion, III. 790,
2 a.
CHATTAHOO CHEE, river of Georgia, IV. 338.
CHATTAHOOCHEE, county, IV. 339.
CHATTAXOO GA, city of Tennessee, IV. 339.
Battle of Lookout mountain, 2 a ; of Mis
sionary ridge, 2 b. See VIII. 158, 2 a.
CHATTELS, personal property, IV. 339.
Chatterer, bird, XI. 87, 2 c (red manakin) ;
XVI. 517, 2 b (Bohemian waxwing).
CHATTERTOX, Thomas, English poet, IV. 340.
Chatti [kat -te] : see CATTI.
CHATTOO GA, name of two rivers, IV. 341.
CHATTOOGA, county, IV. 341.
Chatvga [cha-too -ga], river: see CHATTOOGA.
CHAUCER, Geoffrey, English poet, IV. 34 ; VI.
633, 1 c. His indebtedness to Boccaccio,
II. 769, 1 a.
CHAUCI [kaw -sl], German tribe, IV. 342 ;
VII. 501, 1 a.
188
CHAUDES-AIGUES
CHEEVER
CHAUDES-AIGUES [shode-zaig], watering place
of France, IV. 342.
CHAUDET, Antoine Denis [sho-da], French j
artist, IY. 343. Jeanne Elisabeth Gabion,
painter, 1 b.
CHAUDIERE [shode-yair], river of Canada, IV.
343 ; II. 424, 1 a. Falls of the, IV. 343, 1 c,
2 a (ill.). Chaudiere falls, XII. 734, 2 b.
CHATJDOX, Dom Louis Maieul [sho-do ng ], French
author, IV. 343. Esprit Joseph, author, 2 b.
CHAUFFEPIE, Jacques Georges de [shofe-pya],
Franco-Dutch divine, IV. 343.
CHAUFFEURS [sho-fur], French brigands, IV.
343.
Chaulelasmus [kaw-le-las -mus], (ornithology),
VII. 551, 2 b. C. streperus, 552, 1 a (ill.,
551).
CHATTLIAC, Gui de [sho-lyak], French surgeon,
IV. 344.
Chaulieu, Gui de [sho-lyiih] : see CHAULIAC.
CHAULIEU, Guillaume Amfrye de, French poet,
IV. 344.
CHAUMETTE, Pierre Gaspard [sho-met], French
revolutionist, IV. 344.
CHATJMOXOT, or Chaumonnot, Pierre Marie
Joseph [sho-muh-no], French missionary,
IV. 344.
CHAOIOXT, or Chaumont-en-Bassigny [sho-
mo 11? -ta ng -bas-se-nye], town of France, IV.
344. Castle of (ill.).
CHAVXCEY, Isaac [chun -se], American naval
officer, IV. 345.
CHAUXCY, Charles, president of Harvard col
lege, IV. 345. Charles, clergyman, 2 ab.
Charles, jurist, 2 b. Charles, lawyer, 2 c.
CHAUXY [sho-ne], town of France, IV. 345.
CHATJS (zoology) : see LYNX, X. 754, 2 c.
CHAUSSAED, Pierre Jean Baptiste [sho-sar],
French author, IV. 346.
Chaussees de Brunehaut [sho-sa dun bru-no],
Roman roads in France, II. 403, 1 b.
CHAUTAU QUA, county, IV. 346.
CHATJTAUQTJA LAKE, New York, IV. 346.
CHAUVEAU, Pierre J. O. [sho-vo], Canadian
statesman and author, IV. 346.
CHATJVEATJ-LAGARDE, Claude Francois [la-gard],
French advocate, IV. 346.
CHAUVEXET, William [sho -vuh-na], American
mathematician and astronomer, IV. 346. His
great circle protractor, XII. 181, 1 c.
Chaumn, Nicolas [sho-va, ng ], French grenadier,
IV. 347, 1 ab.
CHATTVIXISM [sho -vin-ism], French political
term, IV. 347.
CHAUX-DE-FOXDS, La [la sho-duh-fo ng ], borough
of Switzerland, IV. 347.
CHAVEE, Honore Joseph [sha-va], Belgian phi
lologist, IV. 347.
CHAVES [sha -vess], town of Portugal, IV. 347.
CHAVES, Manoel de Silveyra Pinto de Fonseca,
marquis of, Portuguese general and states
man, IV. 347.
Chayla, abbe du [dii sha-la], French persecu
tor, III. 657, 2 ab.
CHAZAL, Antoine [sha-zal], French painter and
designer, IV. 347. Charles Camille, paint
er, 348, 1 a.
Che, Chinese musical instrument, XII. 86, 1 c.
Cheapside, London, X. 598, 2 c.
Cheat, grass, IV. 384, 1 c; VIII. 169, 1 ab ;
XVI. 587, 1 c.
CHEATHAM [cheet -um], county, IV. 348.
CHEAT RIVER, West Virginia, IV. 348.
Chebar [ke -bar], river of Asia, VII. 49, 1 ab.
CHEBOYGAX [she-boi -gan], county, IV. 348.
CHECK ERBERRY : see PARTRIDGE BERRY, XIII.
143, 2 b, and WIXTERGREEX, XVI. 674, 1 c,
2 ab.
Cheddar cheese, IV. 350, 1 c and 2 c. Cream
Cheddar, 351, 2 c.
Chedorlaomer [ked-or-la -o-mer], king of Elam,
IV. 230, 2 a ; VI. 485, 2 a.
CHEDOTEL [sha-duh-tel], French navigator, IV.
348.
CHEDTT BA, island, bay of Bengal, IV. 348.
CHEE-FOO , town of China, IV. 348.
Cheek restorers, in dentistry, VI. 24, 2 b.
CHEESE, IV. 348. Analysis of good milk, and
of cheese from it, 349, 1 a. Preparation of
rennet, 1 b ; theory of its action, 1 c. Ma
king cheese with rennet, 350, 1 b. Cheddar
cheese making, 1 c and 2 c. Floating curds,
351, 1 b. Skim-milk cheese, 1 c. Coagula
tion by hydrochloric acid, 2 ab. European
varieties of cheese, 2 c. aSTeufchatel, Brie,
Stilton, and cream Cheddar, ib. Gruyere,
352, 1 b. Schweitzerkiise, 1 c. Sour-milk
cheese, il. ; Limburg, 2 b. Annotto, 2 c.
Poisoning by cheese, ib. Statistics, 353, 1 a.
See I. 317, 1 a. Parmesan cheese, X. 573, 1 c.
Cheeses, vegetable, XI. 66, 2 be (MALLOW).
CHEESHAHTEAUMTJCK, Caleb, Indian graduate
of Harvard college, IV. 353.
Cheesy degeneration, of the lungs in consump
tion, V. 283, 1 a.
CHEEVER, Ezekiel, American teacher, IV. 353,
CHEEVER, George Barrell, American clergyman
and author, IV. 353. "Deacon Giles s Dis-
CHEGORMEGOST
tillery," 2 b. Henry Theodore, clergyman
and author, 354, 1 a.
Chegormegon, Lake Superior, Jesuit mission
at, I. 335, 1 a.
CHEHA LIS, county, IV. 354.
Cheiloplasty [kl -lo-plas-te], surgical operation,
II. 150, 2 b.
Cheiranthus cheiri [kl-ran -thus kl -re], (bot
any), XVI. 438, 1 b (ill.).
Cheiromys [ki -], (zoology), II. 168, 1 c. C.
Madagascaricus (ill.), 2 b.
CHEIROPTEEA [ki-rop -te-ra] : see BAT.
CHEIROTIIE BIUM [kl-] : see LABYRINTIIODON,
and VII. 342, 1 a, 507, 2 a.
CHEKE, Sir John, English scholar, IV. 354.
CHEKIANG , province of China, IV. 354.
CIIELARD, Ilippolyte Andre Jean Baptiste
[shiih-lai 1 ], French composer, IV. 354.
Chelcic Brethren, religious society, II. 780, 2 c.
Chelerethrine [ke-ler -e-thrin], active principle
of celandine, IV. 107, 2 b-c.
ChelidoniummajiLs [kel-e-do -ne-um], (botany),
IV. 167, 2 a (ill.).
Chelifer [kel -e-fer], book scorpion, XIV. 697,
2 a.
CIIELMSFOED, Frederick Thesiger, baron [cheins -
furd], English lawyer, IV. 355. Frederick
Augustus Thesiger, military officer, 1 b.
Chelone glabra [ke-lo -ne], (botany), XV. 131,
1 be.
Chelonia midas (zoology), XVI. 80, 1 a (ill.).
Chelonians, class of reptiles, XV. 664, 1 c.
CMonu ra (zoology), XV. 131, 1 c.
CHELSEA [chel -se], city of Massachusetts, IV.
553.
CHELSEA, borough of England, IV. 355. Hos
pital, 2 c ; foundation of, VIII. 350, 2 a.
Chelsea, county seat, XII. 665, 1 b.
CHELTENHAM [chelt -num], town of England,
IV. 356. Cheltenham college, 1 c (ill.).
Mineral springs, 2 a.
Chelydra serpent i na [kel -e-dra], (zoology),
XV. 131, 1 c (ill.).
CJielys [ke -lis], (zoology), XV. 810, 2 b.
Chelys, kind of bass viol, XVI. 366, 2 c.
Chemical affinities, origin and development of
the theory, II. 558, 2 b. See AFFINITY,
Chemical, and COHESION, V. 20, 2 c.
Chemical attraction, I. 158, 1 c (AFFINITY,
Chemical).
Chemical balance, II. 233, I c (ill.).
Chemical compounds, Hunt s theory of their
origin, IX. 69, 2 be.
Chemical elements, XL 716, 1 a.
CHMlEB
189
Chemical equivalence, II. 86, 1 b ; 88, 2 a.
Chemical gilding, VII. 808, 1 b.
Chemical notation, Berzelius s, II. 87, 2 b.
Chemical operations, lamps for, X. 130, 2 ab.
Chemical powder, Schultze s, VII. 36, 1 b.
Chemical proportion, discoverer of the law of,
II. 589, 1 ab.
Chemical types, theory of, II. 88, 1 b.
Cliemicking, a process in bleaching, II. 704, 1 c.
CHEMISTRY [kem -is-tre], IV. 356. Influence
of Aristotle s views, 357, 1 b. Theories and
discoveries of the alchemists, 2 ab ; I. 260,
2 c ; 261, 1 a, b. First chemical theory, IV.
357, 2 be. Views of Albcrtus Magnus, 358,
1 c ; of Basil Valentine, 2 b ; of Paracelsus
and others of the 16th century, 359, 1 a.
Modern chemistry, 360, 1 c. Rational no
menclature originated, 364, 1 a. Dalton s
atomic theory, 365, 2 c. Gay-Lussac s law
of combining volumes, 366, 1 be. Recent
French chemists, 368, 2 ab. A new epoch
indicated, 370, 1 ab. Allotropism, 2 a.
Establishment of the first chemical works :
see CHAPTAL, IV. 269, 2 c.
Chemistry, the new, arrangement of elements,
II. 88, 1 c.
Chemmis [kem -mis] : see CHEOPS.
Chemnitius : see CHEMNITZ, Martin.
CHEMNITZ [kem -nits], city of Saxony, IV. 371.
CHEMNITZ, Martin, German reformer, IV. 371.
Philipp Bogislav von, historian, 372, 1 b.
CIIEMNITZEE, Ivan Ivanovitch, Russian fabulist,
IV. 372.
CHEMOSH [ke -mosh], Semitic idol, IV. 372.
Chemo sis, in ophthalmia, XII. 645, 1 a.
CIIEMUNG [she-mung J, county, IV. 372.
Chenal) : see CHEXAUB.
Chenal opex [ke-], (ornithology), VIII. 105,
1 a. C. ^Egyptiacus, ib.
CHENANGO [she-nang -go], county, IV. 372.
CHENANGO RIVER, Xew York, IV. 373.
Chenapan or snaphauncc, lock of a musket
(ill.), XII. 98, 1 b.
Chenappatam , original name of Madras, X.
832, 1 c.
CHENAIIB , river of Ilindostan, IV. 373.
CHENAVARD, Paul [shuh-na-var], French paint
er, IV. 373.
CHENDAREE , town of Ilindostan, IV. 373.
CHEN EVIX, Richard, Irish author and chemist,
IV. 373.
Cheng, Chinese organ, XIV. 242, 1 c.
CHENIER, Louis de [sha-nya], French histo
rian, IV. 373. Andre Marie de, poet, 2 fee.
190
CHENONCEAUX
CHESTERFIELD
Marie Joseph, poet, 374, 1 ab. Chant du
depart, 1 b.
CHEXOXCEAUX, Castle of [shiih-no ng -s6] : see
BLERE, II. 710, 2 c (ill., 711).
Chenopis atra ta [ken -o-pis], (ornithology),
XV. 501, 1 a.
Chcnopodia ce [ke-], (botany), XIII. 509, 1 b.
Chenopo dium (botany), XIII. 508, 2 ab. C.
album, 509, 1 a (ill., 508). C. ambrosioides
or anthelminticum, XVI. 730, 1 c (ill.). C.
quinoa, VI. 34, 2 c; XIII. 338, 1 c.
CHEXOT, Claude Bernard Adrien [shiih-nd],
French engineer, IV. 374.
CHEOPS [ke -ops], king of Egypt, IV. 374.
Pyramid of, XIV. 105, 1 c (ill.).
CIIEP STOW, town of England, IV. 375. Castle
of, 1 b (ill.).
Chequy [chek -e], in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 a.
See plate (after p. 670).
CHEE [shfiir], river of France, IV. 375.
CHER, department of France, IV. 375.
CIIEBASCO [ka-ras -ko], town of Italy, IV. 375.
CnERBOuiiG [shair-boor], seaport of France, IV.
375 ; view, 376. Breakwater, 2 be ; III.
235, 1 b (ill., 236). Destruction of the Ala
bama by the Kearsarge, IV. 376, 2 c.
CIIEEBFLIEZ, Antoine Elisee [shair-bu-lya],
Swiss political economist, IV. 376. Victor,
author, 377, 1 ab. Andre and Joel, writers,
1 a. Adrien ne and Caroline, writers, ib.
Mine. Tourte-Cberbuliez, novelist, ib.
CIIEEI, Rose Marie Cizos [sha-rG], French ac
tress, IV. 377.
Chermars, degraded class in Malabar, XL 47,
2 ab.
CHEP/OKEE, six counties, IV. 377.
Cherokee, county seat, IV. 377, 2 c.
CHEEOKEES, Indian tribe, IV. 378. A Chero
kee (ill.), ib. Cherokee agency, treaty of,
379, 1 be. Removal from Georgia, 2 a; IX.
493, 1 be. Cherokee alphabet, VIII. 300, 1 b.
Cheroot [she-roof], IV. 579, 1 ab ; XV. 782, 2 c.
CHEERY, fruit tree, IV. 380. Common cherry,
1 b (ill.). American wild cherry, 2 ab (ill.).
Choke cherry, 2 c. European wild cherry,
381, 1 a.
Cherry, ground or winter, XIII. 481, 1 b.
Cherry birch, II. 648, 1 a.
CHEERY LAUEEL, evergreen shrub, IV. 381 (ill.).
Cherry pie (heliotrope), VIII. 620, 2 ab.
Cherry-tree gum, VIII. 321, 1 be.
CIIEESOX : see KHEESOX.
Chersonese [kur-so-neece ] : see CHERSOXESUS.
CBEESOXE SUS, peninsula, IV. 381. Thracian,
2 a. Tauric, 2 ab ; V. 484, 2 c. Cimbric,
IV. 381, 2 b ; IX. 730, 1 a. Aurea Cherso-
nesus, IV. 381, 2 be; XI. 59, 1 c.
CHEET SEY, town of England, IV. 381.
CHER UB, symbolical figure. IV. 382. Cheru
bim, 1 a.
Cherubini, Laertim [ka-roo-be -ne], Roman
lawyer, III. 719, 2 b.
OHERUBINI, Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salva-
tore, Italian composer, IV. 3S2 ; XII. 92, 1 c.
CIIERUSCI [ke-rus -si], ancient German tribe,
IV. 383.
CHERVIX, Nicolas [shair-vu" 8 ]. French physi
cian, IV. 383.
CHERY, Philippe [sha-re], French painter, IV.
383.
Ches apeaTce, U. S. frigate, captured by the
British ship Leopard, II. 338, 1 a, ff.
Chesapeake and Ohio canal, III. 686, 1 a.
Chesapeake and Shannon, naval engagement of
the : see BROKE, III. 306, and LAWRENCE, X.
234, 1 c.
CHESAPEAKE BAY, United States, IV. 383.
CHESEBEO , Caroline, American authoress, IV.
383.
CHESHIRE [chesh -er], county of New Hamp
shire, IV. 383.
CHESHIRE, county of England, IV. 384.
CIIESXE, Andre du: see DUCIIESXF..
CHESXEY, Francis Rawdori, English soldier,
IV. 384.
CHESS, and Brome Grass, plants, IV. 384 (ill.).
Soft chess, 385, 1 a (ill.). See VIII. 169,
1 b ; XVI. 587, 1 c.
CHESS, a game, IV. 385. Modern chess, 2 a.
Writers on it, 2 ab. Chess board, 2 c (ill.,
386). Rules, and the laws of the game, 386,
1 b. Openings, and their inventors, 2 a.
Problems, 2 c.
CHEST, of the human body, IV. 387. Its
cavities, 1 c.
CHESTER, two counties, IV. 387.
Chester, county seat, XIV. 199, 2 b.
Chester, county of England : see CHESHIRE.
CHESTEE, city of Pennsylvania, IV. 388.
CHESTER, city of England, IV. 388. Walls of,
1 be. Watergate row (ill.), 2 a. Stanley
house, 2 a (ill.). Castle, 2 c; proposed at
tack on by Fenians, VII. 128, 1 a, St.
John s collegiate church, IV. 389, 1 a. Earl
of Chester, title of the prince of Wales, 1 c.
CIIESTEEFIELD, two counties, IV. 389.
CHESTEEFIELD, town of England, IV. 389.
CHESTERFIELD, Philip Dormer Stanhope, earl
CHESTERFIELD
of, English statesman, IV. 389. Bill for the
reformation of the calendar, 390, 1 a. His
letters, ib. Lord Chesterfield and Dr. John
son, IX. G64, 1 ab ; GG5, 2 a.
Chesterfield Court House, county seats, IV.
389, 2 a, b (two).
CHESTERFIELD INLET, IV. 390.
CHESTEK-LE-STREET, parish of England, IV. 390.
Chestertown, county seat, IX. 793, 2 b.
Chester cille, county seat, IV. 388, 1 a.
CHESTNUT [ches -nut], tree, IV. 390 (ill.). Use
of in landscape painting, 2 ab. Chestnut
tree on Mt. Etna, 2 be (ill., 391). Oldest in
England, 390, 2 c ; in France, ib. : see I.
184, 2 a. Chinquapin (an American species),
IV. 391, 2 b (ill.). Sweet chestnut of Mt.
Etna, I. 184, 1 a.
Chestnut ridge, in the Appalachian mountains,
I. 590, 2 b, c.
CHETAH : see LEOPARD, X, 355, 1 a.
Chetore : see CIIITORE.
CHEVALIER, Michel [shuh-va-lya], French po
litical economist, IV. 391; VI. 595, 2 b, c ;
XIII. 678, 1 c.
Chevalier, Sulpice Guillaume Paul, carica
turist : see GAVARXI.
Chevalier dPEon: see EON DE BEAUMONT.
Chevalier sans peur et sans reproche [shuh-va-
lya sa ns pur a sfi I1(r riih-prush], II. 406, 2 b.
Chevalier of St. George [shev-a-leer J, assumed
name, IX. 521, 1 b.
CIIEVERUS, Jean Louis Anne Madeleine Le-
febvre de [shev -e-rus ; Fr. shiih-vrus], first
Eoman Catholic bishop of Boston, IV. 392.
CIIEVES, Langdon [cheevz], American states
man, IV. 393.
CIIEV IOT HILLS, IV. 393. "Chevy Chase 7
(ballad), alluded to, 2 a.
CHEVREUL, Michel Eugene [shiih-vrul], French
chemist, IV. 393. His investigations of ani
mal and vegetable oils and fats, III. 698, 2 a.
His color chart, V. 97, 2 b ; law for hues
and tones, 98, 2 b.
CIIEVREUSE, Marie de Rohan-Montbazon, duch
ess de [shiih-vruz], IV. 394; X. 173, 1 c.
Chevron [shev -run], in heraldry, VIII. 672,
1 c. Per chevron, 671, 2 c. See plate
(after p. 670).
Chevronel, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a.
CJiev y Chase, ballad, IV. 393, 2 a.
CHE WINK, bird, IV. 394 (ill.).
CHEYENNE [sha-yen J, county, IV. 394.
CHEYENNE, capital of Wyoming territory, IV.
394.
CHICHEN
191
CHEYENNES, nation of Indians, IV. 394.
CIIEYNE, George [chain], British physician,
IV. 395. Treatise on the ; English mal
ady," 2 ab.
CIIEYNELL, Francis [cluV-nel], English clergy
man, IV. 395. See CHILLINGWORTII, IV.
434, 1 b.
CIIEZY, Antoine Leonard de [shii-ze], French
orientalist, IV. 395. Wilhelmine Christiane
von, German authoress, 396, 1 a. Wilhelm,
journalist and litterateur, 1 b. Max, paint
er, ib.
Chhandas period, in Indian literature, IX.
222, 2 c.
Chianti [kyan -te], wine of, IX. 468, 2 a.
CHIAPAS [che-a -pass], state of Mexico, IV. 396.
Kuins of cities and monuments, 2 ab.
CIIIARAMONTE [kya-ra-mone -tti], town of Sicily,
IV. 396.
Chiaramonti, Barnaba Luigi (Pope Pius VII.),
XIII. 560, 1 a.
CIIIARI [kya -re], town of Italy, IV. 396.
CHIAROSCURO [kya-ro-skoo -ro], in painting,
IV. 396. First of the Roman masters to
employ it, III. 767, 1 b.
CHIAVARI [kya-va -re], town of Italy, IV. 396.
CIIIAVENNA, town of Italy, IV. 397.
Chibchacum, national deity of the Chibchas,
XII. 107, 2 c.
Chibchas: see MUYSCAS. Chibchas of Colom
bia, V. 88, 2 a. Spanish expedition against
them, XVI. 759, 1 a,
Chibucto, first name of Halifax, N". S., 11.483, 2b.
Chica [che -ka], fermented liquor of Chili, IV.
429, 1 a.
CIIICACOLE : see CIOACOLE.
CHICAGO [she-ka -go], city of Illinois, IV. 397.
Chicago before the fire (ill.), 398 ; after the
fire (ill.), 407. Site, 397, 1 b. Population,
2 c. Climate, 398, 1 a. Description, 2 a.
Parks, 399, 1 ab. Railroads, 2 be. Com
merce, 400, 1 b. Government, 404, 1 a.
Manufactures, 403, 2 a. Water supply, 2 b.
Finances, 405, 1 ab. Education, 2 a. News
paper press, 406, 1 a. Art, &o., 1 b. Churches,
1 c. History, 2 be. The great fire, 407, 1 c ;
V. 237, 2 c.
Chicago river, IV. 397, 1 be.
Chicago wells, artesian, I. 777, 1 b.
CIIIC CORY, plant, IV. 408 (ill.)- Mixture of
coffee and chiccory, legalized article of
traffic, 2 b. Adulterations, 2 c.
CHICHEN, or Chichen Itza [che-chain eet-sa/J,
ruined city of Mexico, IV. 408 (ill., 409).
192
CHICHESTER
CHILPERIC
CHICH ESTEE, city of England, IV. 409. Chiches-
ter cathedral, 1 be (ill.).
Chichimecs [che-che-meks ], Mexican tribe, XI.
472, 1 b, ff.
CHICKADEE : see BLACKCAP, II. 676, 2 c.
CHICKAHOM INY, river of Virginia, IV. 409.
Battles of the : Williamsburg, 410, 1 c ; Han
over Court House, 411, 1 a; Seven Pines
and Fair Oaks, 1 b ; Mechanicsville, 413,
1 ab ; Cold Harbor, 2 a ; Savage s Station,
414, 2 a; Frazier s farm, 415, 1 a; Malvern
Hill, 2 c ; second Cold Harbor, 416, 2 c. The
" seven days battles," 2 a.
CHICKAMAU GA, Battle of, IV. 417.
CIIICKAEEE , red squirrel, IV. 418 (ill.).
CHICK ASAW, two counties, IV. 418.
CHICKASAW BAYOU, Battle of, IV. 418.
CHICKASAWS, nation of Indians, IV. 418.
Treaties with, 419, 1 c, ff.
Chicken-breasted : see PRICKETS, XIV. 324, 1 ab.
CHICKEN Pox, disease, IV. 420.
CHICKEN SNAKE, IV. 420 (ill.).
CHICKEEING, Jonas, American pianoforte manu
facturer, IV. 421.
CHICLANA [che-kla -na], town of Spain, IV. 421.
CIIICOPEE , town of Massachusetts, IV. 421.
CHIC ORY : see CHICCOEY.
CHICOT [she -ko], county, IV. 421.
CHICOUTIMI [she-koo-te-me J, county, IV. 421.
Cmcsoi, river : see USUMASINTA.
Chief, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 b. See plate.
CHIEEI [kya -re], town of Italy, IV. 421.
Chiesa della Santa Casa [kya -za del -la san -
ta ka/-za], church in Loreto, X. 641, 2 a.
CHIETI [kya -te], province of Italy : see ABEUZ-
zo CITEEIOEE.
CHIETI, city of Italy, IV. 421.
Chietines [ke-a -tins], order of, IV. 421, 2 c.
CHIGI [ke -je], Pvoman family, IV. 421. Chigi-
Zondadavi branch, 2 c. Fabio, Pope Alex
ander VII., ib,, and I. 280, 2 ab. Chigi
palace and library, IV. 421, 2 c. Chigi-
Albaui, Don Sigismondo, prince, 422, 1 a.
Flavio, papal nuncio, ib.
CHIGO [che -go], species of flea, IV. 422 (ill.).
CHIHUAHUA [che-wu -wa], state of Mexico, IV.
422. Capital city, 2 b.
CHILBLAIN, IV. 422.
CHILD, Sir Josiah, English merchant, IV. 422.
Observations on trade and the interest of
money, XIII. 666, 1 be.
CHILD, Lydia Maria, American authoress, IV.
423.
Childbed fever : see PUEEPEEAL FEVEB.
CHILDBIETH : see OBSTETEICS.
CHILDEBEET [shil -de-bert ; Fr. sheel-duh-bair],
king of the Franks, IV. 423 ; I. 373, 2 c.
Childebert II. and III. : see BEUNEHAUT, and
MEROVINGIANS.
Childeric [shil -de-rik], kings of the Franks:
see MEEOVINGIANS.
Childhood, period of, I. 180, 2 c.
CHILDEEN, John George, English electrician,
IV. 423.
Children of the Light : see FEIENDS, VII. 493,
2 ab.
Children s aid society, New York, III. 177,
1 ab ; XII. 397, 2 ab.
Children s festival, at Christmas, IV. 55], 1 ab.
Children of the sun, in Gnosticism, VIII. 54, 2 c.
Chile [che -la] : see CHILI.
CHILI [chil -e], republic of South America, IV.
423. Map, 424. Topography, 425, 1 a.
Hydrography, 2 a. Islands, 2 c. Climate,
426, 1 a. Earthquakes, 2 a. Geology, 2 c.
Mines, 427, 1 b. Soil and productions, 2 b.
Animals, 428, 1 a. Population, 2 a. Pve-
ligion, 429, 1 ab. Education, 1 b. Agricul
ture, 1 c. Manufactures, 2 b. Commerce,
2 c. Government, 430, 1 b. History, 431, 2 c.
Chilian clover, X. 703, 2 a.
Chilian mill, in gold mining, VIII. 84, 2 a.
CHILIASM [kil -e-asm] : see MILLENNIUM.
Chiliast : see MILLENNIUM.
Chilka lake, India, II. 524, 1 ab.
Chilli, fruit of capsicum, VIII. 279, 2 ab.
CHILLICOTH E, city of Ohio, IV. 433.
Chillicothe, county seat, X. 545, 2 a.
CHILLIES : see CAPSICUM, III. 761, 2 a.
CIIILLINGWOETH, William, English divine and
controversialist, IV. 433.
CHILLON, Castle of [she-yo" B ], IV. 434.
Chills and fever, VII. 164, 2 c.
Chilmaree : see CHILMAEI.
CHILMAEI [chil-ma -re], town of India, IV. 434.
CIIILO [ki -lo], one of the seven wise men of
Greece, IV. 434.
CHILOE [che -lo-a], province of Chili, IV. 434.
Island, 435, 1 a.
Chilognatha [ki-log -na-tha], order of myria-
poda, IV. 203, 1 be.
Chilon : see CHILO.
Chilopoda [ki-lop -o-da], order of myriapoda,
IV. 203, 1 c.
Chilperic I. [shil -pe-rik], king of Neustria :
see FEEDEGONDA and BEUNEHAUT.
Chilperic II. : see MEEOVINGIANS, XI. 412,
1 be.
CHILTERN
CHINCHILLA
193
CHILTERN HUNDREDS, district of England, IY.
435. Stewardship of the, 1 a.
Chilton, county seat, III. 628, 2 c.
CHIMERA [ki-me -ra], in mythology, IV. 435
(ill.).
CHIMERA (ichthyology), IV. 435. See SEA
CAT, XIV. 727, 1 b (ill.).
Chimera, in gem engraving, VII. 663, 2 be.
CHIMAP HILA, drug, IV. 436. C. umbellata,
plant, 1 a. C. maculata, ib.
CHIMARA, or Khimara [ke-ma -ra] : see CERAU-
NIAN MOUNTAINS, IV. 209, 1 a.
Ghimari [ke-ma -re] : see CHIMARA (Index).
CIIIMAY [she-ma], principality of Belgium, IV.
436.
CHIMAT, Jeanne Marie Ignace Therese, princess
of (Mme. Tallien), IV. 436.
CHIMBORAZO [cheem-bo-ra -tho], mountain of
Ecuador, IV. 436 (ill.).
CHIMES, set of bells, IV. 437.
CHIMNEY, IV. 437. Ignorance of in ancient
times, 2 b. In deep mines, for ventilation,
438, 1 b. Principles of construction, 1 c.
Smoky chimneys, 2 c. Tall chimneys, 439, 1 b.
Chimneys, the, precipices in Virginia, II. 109,
2 c ; VII. 480, 2 c.
Chimney swallow, European, XV. 498, 1 c;
American, 520, 1 c.
CIIIMPAN ZEE, a species of ape, IV. 439 (ill.).
CHIMSEYANS, nation of Indians, IV. 440.
Chin, found only in man, V. 176, 1 c.
Chin Indians, II. 85, 2 b (ATNAIIS).
CHINA, empire of Asia, IV. 440. (Map.) China
proper, 2 b. Coast line, 2 c. Topography,
441, 1 b. Rivers, 442, 2 a. Canals, 443,
2 be. Roads, 444, 2 a. Climate, 2 ab. Soils
and productions, 445, 1 ab. Animals, 446,
1 a. Mineral resources, 2 a. Inhabitants,
447, 1 c. Domestic and social life, 448, 1 b.
Population, 449, 1 c. Language, 450, 1 a.
Agriculture, 1 b. Manufactures, 2 ab. Com
merce, 2 c. Money, 451,2 c. Statistics of for
eign trade, 452, 1 b. Emigration, 2 c. Educa
tion, 453, 2 a. Religion, 454, 1 c. Govern
ment, 455, 1 c. Laws, 456, 2 b. Military,
457, 1 a. Great wall, 2 b (ill., 458). His
tory, 2 c. Introduction of Buddhism, 459,
1 a. Christianity introduced, 1 b. First
Mongol dynasty established, 1 c ; overthrown,
ib. First Roman Catholic missionaries, ib.
Present Mantchoo dynasty established, 2 ab.
First Protestant missionary, 2 c. The British
obtain a foothold in China, 460, 1 a. Opium
war, 2 a. Treaties with the United States
13
and France in 1844, 2 c. Precarious rela
tions with foreign states, il. War with
Great Britain and France, 461, 2 ab. Fruitless
negotiations with Great Britain, France, and
the United States, 2 c. Shameful treatment
of an English flag of truce, 463, 1 b, 2 a. De
struction of the summer palace, 1 c. Im
proved relations with foreign powers, 2 ab.
Taiping rebellion, 2 b. Late Mohammedan
rebellions, 464, 1 be. Mission of Mr. Bur-
lingame, 2 ab. Outbreak against foreigners
in 1870, 2 be. First recognition of interna
tional law by China, III. 460, 1 c.
CHINA, Language and Literature of, IV. 464.
Colloquial language, 2 c. Book language,
467, 2 ab. Literature, 470, 2 c. The King,
or " Classics," 471, 1 c ; the secondary clas
sics, 472, 2 b. Histories, 474, 2 be. Geogra
phy, 477, 2 a. Official repertories, 478, 1 c.
Works on the constitution, 2 a. Catalogues,
2 b. Novels, 2 c. Orthodox writers (phi
losophers), 479, 2 a. Works on agriculture,
480, 1 be. Medical treatises, 1 c. Astro
nomical and mathematical works, 2 b. As
trological works, 481, 1 c. Cyclopaedias,
2 a. Miscellaneous works, 2 c. Taouist
works, 482, 1 b. Poetry and polite litera
ture, 2 a. Individual collections, 2 b. An
thologies, 483, 1 a. Literary collections,
2 b. Printing, 2 c. Sinology, 484, 1 c.
Dictionaries, 2 b. Grammars, 485, 1 ab.
See INDO-CHINESE RACES AND LANGUAGES.
China!) [che-nab ] : see CIIENAUB.
China-Hue style, in calico printing, III. 597, 2
ab.
China, Dresden, XIII. 784, 2 b. Sevres, 785,
2 a; 786, 2 ab ; 791, 1 c; 791, 2 b.
China grass, XIV. 195, 1 be.
Cliinampds, floating gardens of Mexico, VII.
273, 2 c.
CHINANDEGA [chc-nan-da -ga], town of Nicara
gua, IV. 485.
China root, XV. 114, 1 a.
CHINA SEA, IV. 485.
CHINA WARE: see POTTERY AND PORCELAIN,
XIII. 783, 1 c,
CHINCHA ISLANDS, Peru, IV. 486 (ill.). Guano
workings (ill.), 1 b.
CHINCHAYCOCHA [cheen-chl-ko -cha], lake of
Peru, IV. 486.
CHINCH BUG, IV. 486 (ill.) ; VIII. 629, 2 ab.
CIIINCHIL LA, animal, IV. 487. C. lanigera,
1 c (ill.). C. brevicaudata, ib. Its fur, VII.
538, 2 b.
194
CHINCHILLA
CHIUSA
CHINCHILLA [cheen-che -lya], city of Spain, IV.
487.
Chincough : see WHOOPING COUGH.
Chine ribbon [she-na J, XIV. 300, 1 be.
Chinese dates, fruit, IX. 709, 2 b.
Chinese emigration, III. 599, 1 be ; IV. 452, 2 c ;
VI. 577, 1 c.
Chinese/owls, IV. 783, 1 ab.
Chinese galls, XV. 463, 2 c (ill.).
Chinese ink : see India, ink (Index).
Chinese lac, II. 249, 2 c.
Chinese queue: seeMANTCHOORiA, XL 127, 1 a.
Chinese sugar cane, XV. 170, 1 b (ill.).
Chinese Tartary : see TURKISTAN, XVI. 66, 2 a.
Chinese writing: see ALPHABET, I. 348, 2 b,
and CHINA, Language and Literature of.
CHING-KING : see SHING-KING.
CHINGLEPUT , town of British India, IV. 487.
Ching-wang (Tsin-chi hwang-ti), emperor of
China, builder of the great wall, IV. 458, 2 c.
CHIN-INDIA, IV. 488 ; VI. 378, 2 b.
Chinnereth, sea of [kin -ner-eth] : see GENNES-
ARET.
CHINON [she-no ng ], town of France, IV. 488.
Chinone [kl -none], a volatile substance, X. 12,
1 c.
CHINOOKS, family of Indian tribes, IV. 488 ;
VII. 260, 2c; 261, 1 a. Chinook jargon,
IV. 488, 1 b.
CniNsoo itA, town of British India, IV. 488.
Chinsura [chin-soo -ra] : see CIIINSOORA.
Chiococcus [kl-o-kok -kus], (botany), III. 550,
1 c.
CIIIOGGIA [kyod -ja], seaport of Italy, IV. 488.
Chionanthus Virginica [kl-o-nan -thus], (bota
ny), VII. 500, 2 a (ill.).
Chionis [ki -o-nis], (ornithology), XIV. 834, 2 a.
CHIOS [ke -os] : see Scio.
Chiozza [kyot -sa] : see CHIOGGIA.
Chip bird, XV. 229, 2 ab.
CHIPMAN, Nathaniel, American jurist, IV. 488.
Daniel, jurist, 489, 1 b.
CHIPMUNK, ground squirrel, IV. 489 (ill.).
CIIIPPENHAM [chip -num], borough of England,
IV. 489.
CHIP PEWA, river of Wisconsin, IV. 489.
CHIPPEWA, three counties, IV. 490.
CHIPPEWA, village of Canada, IV. 490. Battle
of, 1 be ; X. 802, 1 a.
Chippewa City, county seat (now Montevideo),
IV. 490, 1 b.
Chippewa Falls, county seat, IV. 490, 1 b.
CHIPPEWAS : see OJIBWAYS.
CHIPPEWYANS : see TINNE. In the Northwest
territories, XII. 503, 2 a. Origin of the
name, IX. 787, 2 b (Chipeweyan).
CHIQUIMULA [che-ke-moo -la], department of
Guatemala, IV. 490. Chiquimula de la Sier
ra, capital, 2 a. Isthmus of, 2 ab.
CHIQUITOS [che-ke -toce], Indian tribe of South
America, IV. 490 ; IK. 10, 2 b.
CHIQUITOS, province of Bolivia, IV. 491.
Chiragra [ki-ra -gra], gout in the hands, VIII.
132, 2 a.
Chiriguanes [che-re-gwa -nace], tribe of S.
American Indians, XVI. 41, 1 ab, 2 a.
CHIRIQUI [che-re-ke J, province of Panama, IV.
491. River and lagoon, 2 b. Archipelago,
mountain, and desert, ib,
Chirodota arena ta [ki-ro-do -ta], echinoderm,
XIV. 728, 2 a.
CHIROMANCY [kl -ro-man-se], a method of for
tune telling, IV. 491.
CHIRON [kl -ron], centaur, IV. 492. Referred
to, I. 64, 2 a.
Chironectes variega tus [ki-ro-nek -teez], (zool
ogy), XVI. 770, 1 c (ill.).
Chiros opher, the, sobriquet : see BULWER, John,
III. 433, 2 ab.
Chirur gery : see SURGERY.
CHISAGO [che-saw -go], county, IV. 492.
Chisago City, county seat, IV. 493, 1 a.
CHISHOLM, Caroline [chiz -um], English philan
thropist, IV. 493. (Died 1877.)
CHISWICK [chiz -ik], village of England, IV.
493. Chiswick house, 1 be.
CHITON [kl -ton], genus of marine animals, IV.
493. C. squamosus and C. spinosus (ill.), 1 c.
CHITORE [die-tore ], town of British India, IV.
493. Pillar of victory, 2 b (ill.).
Chitradurg [che-tra-doorg J : see CIIITTEL-
DROOG.
Chittagaon : see CIIITTAGONG.
CHITTAGONG , district of British India, IV. 494.
Capital, 1 be.
Chittagong fowls, IV. 780, 2 ab; 782, 2 c.
CHITTELDROOG , town of British India, IV. 494.
CHITTENDEN, county, IV. 494.
CHITTENDEN, Thomas, first governor of Ver
mont, IV. 494. Martin, judge and governor,
495, 1 a.
Chittor : see CHITORE.
Chittorgurh : see CHITORE.
CHITTY, Joseph, English lawyer, IV. 495.
CHIUSA [ku -za], Italian word for a narrow
mountain pass, IV. 495. Chiusa di Pesio [de
pa -ze-o], town of Italy, 1 c. Chiusa Scla-
fani [skla-fa -ne], town of Sicily, ib.
CHIUSI
CIIOISEUL-GOUFFIER
195
CHIUSI [ku -ze], city of Italy, IV. 495 (ill.).
CHIVALRY [shiv -al-re, or chiv -], IV. 495. Its
germs, 1 c. Formal establishment of, 496,
1 b. Training, 1 c. Knights and squires,
2 a. Characteristics of knighthood, 497, 1 a.
Decay of chivalry, 2 c.
Chivas [Fr. she-vas] : see CHIVASSO.
CHIVASSO [ke-vas -so], city of Italy, IV. 498.
Chives: see ONION, XII. 631, 2 b.
CIILADNI, Ernst Florens Friedrich [ k hlad -ne],
German physicist, IV. 498. His nodal sound
figures, I. 71, 2 b (ill.). Theory of meteoric
showers, 143, 2 be.
Chlamyd era (ornithology), III. 166, 2 ab.
C. maculata, 2 b. C. nuchalis, 2 be.
Chlamydopli orus : see CHLAMYPHORUS.
CHLAMYPII ORTJS, edentate mammal, IV. 498
(ill.). C. truncatus, 2 b.
CHLAM YS, Greek outer garment, IV. 499.
CHLOPICKI, Jozef [ k hlo-pits -ke], Polish general
and dictator, IV. 499.
CIILO RAL, chemical compound, IV. 499. Its
synonymes, 2 c. Preparation of, ib. Chloral
hydrate as an anaesthetic and hypnotic, 500,
2 ab.
CHLOKAL UM, chloride of aluminum, IV. 500 ;
I. 369, 1 a. As a disinfectant, VI. 134, 1 c.
Chlorate of potassa powders, VII. 38, 1 a.
CHLORATES, IV. 501 ; 502, 1 b.
CHLORIC ETHER, IV. 501.
Chloride of barium [klo -rid], II. 313, 1 c.
Chloride of calcium, X. 478, 1 be; 480, 1
ab.
Chloride of ethyl, I. 265, 2 a.
Chloride of gold, VIII. 85, 1 c.
Chloride of lime, first prepared, II. 704, 1 b.
Use of in bleaching, ib., and 706, 2 a.
Chloride of nitrogen, VII. 38, 2 ab.
CHLORIM ETRY, IV. 501.
Chlorination process, in gold refining, VIII.
85, 1 c. Referred to, XI. 620, 2 a.
CHLORINE [klo -rin], gas, IV. 501. Its prep
aration, 2 a; character, 2 b. Bleaching
properties, 502, 1 a; II. 704, 1 b, ff., 2 be;
705, 2 ab. See BLEACHING POWDER. Sanitary
and medical uses, IV. 502, 1 ab ; VI. 134, 1 a.
Compounds of, IV. 502, 1 b. Luminosity
of flame increased by it, VII. 255, 1 c.
Chloris, one of the Horse, VIII. 816, 1 c.
CHLO RODYNE, name of secret preparations,
IV. 502.
CHLOROFORM, IV. 502. Synonymes, 1 c. Dis
covery of, ib.-, X. 415, 2 c. Introduction
into medical practice, IV, 502, 2 c. Value
as an anaesthetic, 503, 1 be. Preference of
ether, 2 a.
Chlorohydric acid: see HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
Chlorometer, invention of, VII. 653, 2 b.
CHLORO-METH YL, IV. 503.
CIILO ROPIIYL, green coloring matter in plants,
IV. 504; X. 265, la and be, 267, 2 b ; XIII.
581, 1 c ; II. 373, 1 be.
Chloroplat inates : see PLATINUM, XIII. 600,
1 be.
CHLORO SIS, disease, IV. 504. Medical treat
ment, 2 b.
Chloros oma verna lis (zoology), V. 114, 2 b.
Chlorosperms : see ALG.E, 1. 300, 2 b.
Chlorox ylon Swiete nia (botany), XIV. 638,
2ab.
CIIMIELNICKI, Bogdan [ k hmyel-nyits -ke], chief
of revolted Cossacks, IV. 505.
Choana [ko-a -na], site of, X. 61, 2 be (!VUM).
Choaspes [ko-as -peez], river, IX. 823, 2 ab.
CIIOATE, Rufus [chote], American lawyer, IV.
505.
CIIOCIM [ k ho -chim] : see EJIOTIN.
Cuoco [cho -ko], district of Colombia, IV. 506.
Bays, 2 c.
CHOC OLATE, IV. 506.
Chocolate corn, XV. 170, 1 ab.
CHOCTAW, two counties, IV. 506.
CHOCTAWS, Indian nation, IV. 506 (ill., 507).
Treaty of Ilopewell, 507, 1 a ; of Doak s
Stand, 1 c. Government, 2 a. Language, 2 b.
CHODOWIECKI, Daniel Nikolaus [ k ho-do-vyets -
ke], German painter and engraver, IV. 507.
Wilhelm, engraver, 508, 1 a.
CHODZKO, Alexander Boreyko [ k hoj -ko], Polish
traveller, linguist, and poet, IV. 508.
CHODZKO, Jakob Leonard, Polish scholar, IV.
508.
CHOSNIX [ke -nix], Greek dry measure, IV. 508.
CHCERILUS [ke -re-lus], Athenian tragic poet,
IV. 508. Greek epic poet, 2 a.
Chc& ropus (zoology), II. 268, 2 be.
Chogset, salt-water perch, XIII. 284, 1 b.
CHOI : see Knoi.
CHOIN, Marie milie Joly de [zhuh-le dull
shwa" g j, daughter-in-law of Louis XIV., IV.
508. Louis Albert Joly de, French prelate,
2 b.
Choir religious: see SACRED HEART, Ladies of
the, XIV. 513, 2 ab.
CIIOISEUL, Etienne Frangois, duke de [shwa-
zul], French statesman, IV. 508. Claude
Antoine Gabriel, duke de, 509, 1 a.
CIIOISEUL-GOUFFIER, Marie Gabriel Florent Au-
196
CHOISEUL-PEASLIN
CHRETIEN
guste, count de [-goo-fya], French classical
scholar, IV. 509.
Choiseul-Praslin, duke de : see PRASLIN, XIII.
804, 2 ab.
CHOISY, Francois Timoleon de [shwa-ze],
French writer, IV. 509.
CHOKE DAMP, irrespirable gas, IV. 509.
Choleate of soda [ko -le-ate], II. 634, 1 a.
Choleic acid [ko-le -ik], II. 634, 1 a.
CHOLERA [kol -e-ra], disease, IV. 509. Varie
ties of, 2 b. Asiatic cholera, 510, 1 ab. Pe
riodical epidemics in India, 1 b. Epidemic
of 1832 in Great Britain and the United
States, 511, 1 c. Next 12-yearly epidemic,
2 b ; next and latest, 2 c. Course of propa
gation, 512, 1 b. Precautions and treat
ment, 2 a. Pathology, 513, 2 ab.
Cholera infantum, IV. 509, 2 c.
Cholera morlus, IV. 509, 2 b.
CHOLESTERINE [ko-les -ter-in], non-nitrogenized
organic substance, IV. 514; II. 633, 2 c,
634, 1 b ; III. 180, 2 b. Cholesteraemia, IV.
515, 1 a.
CHOLET [shuh-la], town of France, IV. 515.
CJiolettes [shuh-let], fabrics of Cholet, IV.
515, 1 a.
Cholic acid [ko -lik], II. 633, 2 c.
Ghollet : see CHOLET.
CHOLTJLA [cho-loo -la], town of Mexico, IV.
515. Teocalli of, 1 c (ill.); I. 397, 2 b.
Human sacrifices, IV. 515, 2 c.
CIIOMEL, Auguste Francois [shuh-mel], French
physician, IV. 515.
ChoncB [ko -ne], mediaaval city, V. 110, 1 ab.
Chondrine [kon -drin], variety of gelatine, IV.
41, 2 b.
Chondrus cris}yus (botany), IV. 25, 1 ab ; I.
299, 2 b (ill.).
Chontal, Indian language, X. 340, 1 c.
CHONTALES [chone-ta -lace], district of Nicara
gua, IV. 516. Mines of, 1 b.
Choomars, helot race of India, IX. 214, 2 a.
Choorahs, helot race of India, IX. 214, 2 a.
CHOPIN, Frederic Francois [shuh-pa ng ], Polish
pianist and composer, IV. 516.
CHOP TANK RIVER, IV. 516.
Chopunnish, Nez Perces. Indians, XII. 416,
Ib.
Choragia, IV. 518, 2 b. See CHORAGUS.
Choragic monument of Lysicrates, I. 655, 1 c ;
II. 61, 1 c.
CHORAGUS [ko-ra -gus], superintendent of music
at Athens, IV. 517. At Oxford, XII. 763, 1 b.
Choral chant, IV. 265, 1 ab.
Chorasmii, or Chorasmusini, tribe of, referred
to, IX. 818, 2 b.
Chord, in music, XII. 77, 1 b. Chords, 80, 1 b.
Chord, of an arc, I. 640, 1 c.
Chordeiles Virginia nv.s [kor-dl -leez], (orni
thology), XII. 442, 2 ab (ill.). C. popetue,
443, 1 b. C. furcifer, VIII. 59, 1 a.
CHOREA [ko-re -a] : see SAINT Vmrs s DANCE.
Chorea Sancti Johannis : see DEMONOLOGY, V.
796, 1 c. Chorea Sancti Viti, ib.
CHORIS, Louis [ k ho -ris], Russian painter and
traveller, IV. 517.
CHOR LEY, town of England, IV. 517.
CHORLEY, Henry Fothergill, English musical
critic and author, IV. 517.
Chorohates [ko-ro-ba -teez], ancient levelling
instrument, XVI. 32, 2 a.
Choroid membrane [ko -roid], of the eye, VII.
46, 1 a. Choroid gland or muscle, in fishes
eyes, 48, 1 a.
Choroid plexuses, of the brain, III. 188, 2 b.
CHORON, Alexandre tienne [shuh-ro ne j, French
musician and author, IV. 518.
CHORUS [ko -rus], IV. 518. In the Grecian
drama, 1 b. In modern music, 2 b.
CHOSE IN ACTION [shoze], in law, IV. 518;
248, 1 c; II. 31, 1 b; X. 167, 1 ab ; V. 755,
2 ab ; IX. 86, 1 a.
CHOSROES I. [kos -ro-eezj, the Just, king of
Persia, IV. 519. Arch of, V. 543, 2 be.
Chosroes II., Parviz, IV. 519, 2 b.
Chosroes, Parthian king, XIII. 136, 1 c.
CHOTEAU [sho-to J, county, IV. 520.
Chouan, Jean: see CHOUANS.
Chouannerie [shwan-re], body of French insur
gents, IV. 520, 2 b.
CHOUANS [shwa ng ], insurgent French peasants,
IV. 520.
Choubar : see CIIAEBAR.
CHOUGH [chufj, bird, IV. 521 (ill.).
CHOULES, John Overton [cholesj, American
clergyman, IV. 521.
Chomserie, Col. [shoos-re], II. 582, 1 b.
CHOUTEAU, Auguste [shoo-to ], American pio
neer, IV. 522. Pierre, 1 ab. Pierre (2d),
1 c. P. Chouteau, jr., firm name of a fur-
trading company, 2 a.
CHOW AN [cho-wan J, county, IV. 522.
Chowan river, XII. 489, 2 c.
Chowringee, section of Calcutta, III. 572, \ c.
Chowry, a kind of brush, XVI. 762, 2 b.
Chowsan: see CHUSAN.
CHRETIEN DE TROYES [kra-tya n * dull trwa],
French poet, IV. 522.
CIIRIEMHILD
CIIRISTODOR
197
Chriemhild [kreem -hilt], character in the
Nibelungenlied, XIII. -419, 2 b.
CHRISM, consecrated ointment, IV. 523.
Chrismation, V. 233, 2 c.
Chrismon, monogram of Christ, XL 756, 1 c
(ill.).
CHRIST, IV. 523. See JESUS CHRIST. His
personal character, IV. 531, 1 c; in its his
torical worth, 532, 2 c. His method of
working, 534, 2 c. Dissensions in the an
cient church respecting his twofold nature :
see ARIUS and ARIANISM ; AFOLLINARIANS ;
ADOPTIANI (the first in the western church) ;
NESTORIUS ; NESTORIANS, XII. 240, 2 a;
SABELLIANS; EUTYOIIES and MONOPHYSITES;
JACOBITES ; MONOTIIELITES ; NICE, Councils
of, XII. 428, 1 c; DIONYSIUS OF ALEXAN
DRIA, VI. 125, 1 c; IIoMoorsiAXs; IIoxo-
RIUS, VIII. 800, 1 b. In the Abyssinian
church, I. 48, 2 b. See TRINITY, XV. 869, 2 c.
Christ, monogram of, XL 756, 1 c (ill.).
Christ, Passion of, Durer s woodcuts of, only
complete scries, XIV. 340, 2 a.
CHRIST, Pictures of, IV. 523. In early Chris
tian art, 1 b; XII. 795, 2 c. The most
beautiful extant, IV. 523, 2 be,
Christ- Baum [krist -bowm], poem by Ilebel,
IV. 551, 1 c.
CHRIST CHURCH, borough of England, IV. 523.
Christchurch bay, 2 c.
CHRISTCHURCII, town of New Zealand, IV. 524.
Christ church, cathedral, Fredericton, N. B.,
VII. 466, 2 a (ill.).
Christ Church college, Oxford, XII. 764, 2 a
(ill.) ; 765, 2 a. Chapel of (cathedral), 760,
2ab.
CHRISTIAN [krist -yun], three counties, IV. 524.
CHRISTIAN, name of nine kings of Denmark,
IV. 524. Christian II., 2 a. Christian IV.,
527, 1 a. Christian VII., 528, 2 a. Chris
tian VIII., 529, 1 a. Christian IX., 1 c.
CHRISTIAN, archbishop of Mentz, IV. 529.
Christian, mutineer of the ship Bounty, XIII.
546, 2 a,
Christiana creek, Delaware, V. 770, 2 a ; XVI.
647, 1 b, 648, 2 a, b.
Christian Catholics : see OLD CATHOLICS, XII.
611, 2 c.
Christian Cicero, the, X. 87, 2 b.
Christian connection, sect of Baptists, II. 293,
2b.
CHRISTIANIA [kris-te-u -ne-a], province of Nor
way, IV. 529. Capital of Norway, 2 b.
New storthing house (ill.), 530.
CHRISTIANITY [krist-yan -e-te], IV. 530. Its
nature, 2 a. Its founder, 531, 1 c. Histori
cal estimate of his character, 532, 2 c. The
New Testament, 534, 1 a. Christ s method,
1 c. His resurrection, 2 c. Early spread
of Christianity, 535, 1 c. Its working, 2 a.
First period, to the year 311, 2 ab. Second
period, from Constantine to Luther, 537, 1 c.
Third period, from the reformation to the
present, 539, 1 c. Its future, 544, 1 c. Ethics
of, XL 810, 2 a.
CHRISTIANS, or Christian Connection, sect, IV.
545.
CIIRISTIANSAND, province of Norway, IV. 545.
Capital city, 546, 1 a.
Christiansburg, county seat, XL 786, 1 c.
Christiansburg [kris -te-unss-boorg], ducal cas
tle, referred to, VI. 484, 1 a.
Christian slaves in Algiers, allusion to, I. 305,
2 c.
CHRISTIANS OF ST. JOHN, IV. 546.
CHRISTIANS OF ST. THOMAS, IV. 546.
CHRISTIANSTAD [kris -te-an-stat], town of Swe
den, IV. 546 ; view, 547.
CHRISTIANSTED, town of St. Croix, IV. 547.
CHRISTIANSUND [-soond], seaport of Norway,
IV. 547.
Christianus Democritus, pseudonyme, VI. 128,
1 a.
CHRISTINA [kris-te -na], queen of Spain : see
MARIA CHRISTINA.
CHRISTINA, queen of Sweden, IV. 547. Char
acterization by Chanut, French ambassador,
2 be. Assumes the sovereignty, 548, 1 b.
Abdication, 549, 1 c. Renunciation of Lu-
theranism, 2 b. Murder of Monaldeschi, 2 c.
Founds the Arcadian academy at Rome, 550,
1 b.
Christinat [kris-te-na], clergyman, benefactor
of Agassiz, I. 174, 2 a.
Christine Egypta [kris-teen a-zheep-ta], daugh
ter of Lucien Bonaparte, III. 34, 2 c.
Cliri&ikaiholiken [krist -ka-to-le-ken], religious
association in Breslau, XII. 209, 2 b.
CHRISTMAS [kris -mas], IV. 550. Carols, 2 b.
Festivities, 551, 1 a. Swedish tradition, 1 c.
Christmas in England, 2 a; in the United
States, 552. 1 b. See IX. 636, 1 a.
CHRISTMAS, Henry, English clergyman and
author, IV. 552.
Christmas Uoclc, IV. 551, 2 b.
Christmas daisies, II. 38, 1 a (ASTER).
Christmas rose (hellebore), VIII. 621, 1 be.
Christodor, pseudonyme, II. 770, 1 be.
198
OHRISTOMANIA
CHRYSOSTOM
Christomania, X. 214, 2 ab (LAVATER).
CHRISTOPHE, Henri [kris-tuf], king of Hayti,
IV. 552,
CHRISTOPHER, duke of Wiirtemberg, IV. 552.
CIIEISTOPHEE, Saint, IV. 553.
Christoph oros, legend of, IV. 553, 1 c.
CIIRISTOPULOS, Athanasios [kris-top -oo-los],
modern Greek poet, IV. 553.
CHRIST S HOSPITAL (Blue Coat school), London,
IV. 553 (ill., 554). Branch hospital, 554,
1 a.
Chrodegang of Metz, founder of a monastic
order, XI. 730, 1 a.
Chroicocephalus [kro-e-ko-sef -a-lus], (ornithol
ogy), VIII. 319, 2 b. C. atricilla, ib. C.
Bonapartei, ib.
Chro icolytes [kro-ik -o-lites], class of minerals,
XI. 590, 1 c.
Chro mate of diazobenzole, VII. 39, 2 ab.
Chromates, IV. 555, 2 ab. Uses of, 556, 1 b.
Chromat ic aberration, I. 66, 1 a.
Chromatic polarization, X. 450, 2 ab.
Chromatic scale, in music, I. 70, 1 c.
CHROMATICS, IV. 554.
Chrome alum, IV. 556, 1 a ; XV. 454, 1 a.
Chrome green, IV. 556, 1 b.
Chrome ironstone, IV. 555, 1 c.
Chrome steel, XV. 357, 2 a. See IV. 556, 1 b.
Chromic acid, how obtained, IV. 555, 2 a.
As an oxidizing agent, 556, 1 ab. As an
antiseptic, XII. 61, 1 be.
Chromic anhydride [an-hi -drid] : see Chromic
acid (Index).
Chromic oxide, green pigment, IV. 556, 1 a.
CHROMIUM, metal, IV. 554. Oxides of, 555,
1 a. Chromates, 555, 2 a. Sulphates of
chromium, 2 c. Applications in the arts,
556, 1 a. Chromium steel, 1 be : see XV.
357, 2 a.
Chromo-lithography, X. 527, 2 c.
Chromosphere, of the sun, XV. 473, 2 a.
Chromotint copies, by the Arundel society, I.
798, 2 c,
" Chronicle, The," a Boston political newspa
per, I. 95, 1 c.
Chronicle of the Kings of the Isle of Britain,
IV. 179, 1 c.
CHRONICLES, books of the Old Testament, IV.
556.
Chronicles of Axum, I. 48, 1 b.
Chronicon, of Julius Africanus, I. 171, 2 a.
Chronicon Corbeiense, mediaeval history, X.
47, 2 c.
Chronograph, of a velocimeter, XVI. 285, 2 a ;
286, 2 a (ill., 285). Hipp s chronograph, VI.
489, 2 a.
CHRONOLOGY, IV. 556. Measures of time, 2 c.
Earliest epochs, 557. 1 c, Olympiads, ib.
Babylonian era, 2 b ; Mohammedan and
Persian eras, 2 c; Armenian, Hindoo, and
Chinese, 558, 1 a; Jewish and Russian, 1 be;
Christian, 1 c. Era of the creation, 2 b.
Materials for the chronologist, 559, 2 b.
Aid of astronomy, 2 c. Bibliography, 560,
1 be.
CHRONOMETER : see CLOCKS AND WATCHES, IV.
702, 2 b ; 703, 1 c, 2 a (ills.). Invention of,
X. 627, 2 be.
Chronometer, of a velocimeter, XVI. 286, 1 a.
CHRUDIM [ k hroo -dim], town of Bohemia, IV.
560.
CHEYS ALIS, in entomology, IV. 560 (ill.).
Chrysan themum leucan themum (botany), V.
638, 2 a (ill.).
CHRYSEI S [kii-se -is], in the Iliad, IV, 561.
Chryselephantine sculpture [kris-el-e-fan -tin],
XIV. 716, 1 b; XIII. 387, 2 c.
Chrys emupic ta (zoology), XV. 811, 2 be (ill.).
Chryse *us (zoology), VI. 178, 2 c. C. primse-
vus, 179, 1 a. C. seylax, ib. C. Ceylonicus,
ib. C. Australasian. 1 c. C. an thus, ib. C.
jubatus, 2 a.
CIIRYSIP PUS, Greek philosopher. IV. 561.
Chrys ler sfarm, battle of, IV. 334, 2 b.
CHRYSOBERYL [kris -o-ber-il], gem, IV. 561.
Chrysochlo ris (zoology), XI. 705, 1 be ; 706,
1 a. C. capensis, ib.
Chrys ocolla, mineral, V. 319, 1 e.
CHEYS OLITE, mineral, IV. 561. Oriental. 1 e.
CHRYSOLO RAS, Manuel, Greek scholar, IV. 561.
His Erotemata, introduction to Greek gram
mar, 2 b. John, his nephew, 2 c.
Chrysomi tris tris tis (ornithology), XVI. 779,
1 be (ill.).
Chrysophariic acid, XIV. 304, 2 be.
Chrysop olis, ancient town, XIV. 725, 1 a.
Chry sops (entomology), VI. 129, 2 ab; VII.
551, 1 a. C. cascutiens, 1 ab. C. ferrugatus,
1 b. C. vittatus, ib.
Chrysop ylce, or Golden Gate, strait, California,
III. 600, 2 be.
Chrysor rhoas : see DAMASCENE, John.
Chrysorrhoas, river: see BAR ADA.
CHRYSOSTOM, John [kris -us-tum ; more cor
rectly, kris-os -tum], a father of the church,
IV. 561. A successful lawyer, 562, 1 a. Six
years of asceticism, 1 b. Made archbishop
of Constantinople, 2 a. Popularity with the
CHRYSOTIS
CIALDINI
199
people, 2 c ; unpopularity with the court
and clergy, 563, 1 a. Denunciation of the
empress Eudoxia, 1 b. Deposition of 13 bish
ops for simony and immorality, 1 c. Tried
and deposed, 2 a. Exiled to Nicroa, 2 b ; re
called, ib. Again condemned and exiled, 2 c.
Banished to a remote desert, 564, 1 ab. Per
ishes with fatigue and exposure on the way,
1 b. Bibliography, ib.
Chrys otis (ornithology), XIII. 126, 2 b. C.
Amazonicus, 2 be. 0. festivus, 2 c.
Chrystie, experiment of respecting glacial mo
tion, VII. 830, 1 b.
CHRZANOWSKI, Adalbert phzha-nov -ske], Po
lish general, IV. 564.
CHUAPA [chwa -pa], river of Chili, IV. 564.
CHUB, fish, IV. 564; ill., 565.
CHUBB, Thomas, English theological writer,
IV. 565.
ChubVs lock, X. 563, 1 b (ill.).
Chuck, in turning, XVI. 73, 2 b ; 74, 1 a, 2 a.
CHUCK WILL S WIDOW : see GOATSUCKER.
CHUCUITO [choo-kwe -to], province of Peru, IV.
565. Capital, 2 a.
Chucuyto: see CIIUCUITO.
CIIUDLEIGII [chud -le], town of England, IV.
565.
Chudleigh, Elizabeth, duchess of Kingston,
X. 11, 1 a.
Chulm [ k hoolm], country of, VIII. 704, 1 be.
Chulo [choo -lo], in bull fight, III. 426, 1 b.
CHUMBUL [chum-bul ], river of Ilindostan, IV.
565.
Chunam [choo-nam J, a hard plaster, IV. 791, 1 c.
CHUNAR , town and fortress of India, IV. 565.
Chunargurh : see CHUNAR.
CHUND, Hindoo poet, IV. 565.
Chunda Sahib, nabob of the Carnatic, IV. 693,
1 ab, be.
Chunderee: see CHENDAREE.
Chunder Sen, Hindoo religious reformer, XI.
647, 1 c.
Chuni [koq -ni], (Huns), IX. 67, 1 c.
Chunkhead, snake, V. 321, 1 a.
Chuno [choo -nyo], species of potato, X. 158,
2c.
CHUP RA, town of British India, IV. 566.
CHUQUISACA [choo-ke-sa -ka], department of
Bolivia, IV. 566. Capital: see SUCRE.
Ghuquito [choo-ke -to] : see CHUCUITO.
Chur [ k hoor] : see COIRE.
CHURCH, collective body of Christians, IV. 566.
Edifice for public worship, 2 a. Church
and state, relation of: see CHRISTIANITY,
IV. 530, 2 c ; 538, 1 a ; 542, 2 c ; 544, 1 ab.
Use of images in the early church : sec
ICONOCLASTS.
CHURCH, Benjamin, American soldier, IV. 566.
CHURCH, Benjamin, American physician, IV.
566.
CHURCH, Fathers of the, IV. 567.
CHURCH, Frederick Edwin, American painter,
IV. 567.
Church, Col. George, engineer, referred to,
III. 15, 1 a.
CHURCH, John Ilubbard, American clergyman,
IV. 567.
CHURCH, Sir Richard, commander in the Greek
war of independence, IV. 567.
Church of the Augsburg Confession : see LU
THERAN CHURCH, X. 731, 1 ab.
Church of Christ, sect, VI. 132, 1 a.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND : see ENGLAND, Church of.
Church of God : see WINEBRENNER.
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, IX.
615, 2 c; ill., 616.
Church of the Natimty, Bethlehem, II. 594,
2 c ; ill., 595.
CHURCH ILL, county, IV. 568.
CHUR"CHILL, river of British America, IV. 568.
Churchill, Arabella, sister of the duke of
Marlborough, II. 586, 2 ab.
CHURCHILL, Charles, English poet, IV. 568.
Churchill, Dr., on the Ca3sarean operation, III.
544, 2 c.
CHURCHILL, John : see MARLBOROUGII, Duke of.
CHURCHMAN, William II., superintendent of in
stitutions for the blind, IV. 568.
CHURCH RATE, IV. 569.
Church session, in the Presbyterian church,
VI. 495, 1 be ; XIII. 809, 1 b.
Churls : see ANGLO-SAXONS, I. 499, 2 c.
CHURN, IV. 569. Dash churn, 1 be ; III. 494,
1 be. Swing churn, IV. 569, 1 c ; III. 494, 2 a.
CHURRUCA Y ELORZA, Cosme D ami an de [choor-
roo -ka e a-lore -tha], Spanish naval officer,
IV. 569.
Chur rus, resinous exudation from hemp, VIII.
633, 1 ab.
CHURUBUSCO [choo-roo-boos -ko], village of
Mexico, IV. 569. Battle of, 2 c.
CHUSAN [choo-san j, group of islands, China,
IV. 570.
CHYLE [Idle], IV. 570 ; X. 750, 1 ab ; XIII. 35,
2 a.
CHYME, IV. 570.
CIALDINI, Enrico [chal-de -ne], Italian soldier,
IV. 570.
200
CIBAO
ClffCHONIC
CIBAO [se-ba -o], mountain range of Hayti, IV.
571.
CIBBER, Caius Gabriel, English sculptor, IV.
571. Colley, poet and dramatist, 2 a ; sub
stitution of for Theobald in the Dunciad,
XIII. 710, 1 c, XVI. 448, 1 be. Theophi-
lus, actor and author, 2 b. Susannah Maria,
actress, 2 c.
CIBOT, Francois Bartheleray Michel Edouard
[se-bo], French painter, IV. 571.
CIBOT, Pierre Martial, Jesuit missionary, IV.
572.
CIBEARIO, Luigi [che-bra -re-o], Italian states
man and historian, IV. 572.
Cibus deorum (food of the gods), I. 802, 1 c.
CICACOLE , town, fort, and cantonment of
British India, IV. 572.
Cica da (entomology), VIII. 501, 1 ab. C.
septendecim, 2 a (ill.). C. canicularis, 502,
2 a. C. plebeia, 2 c (ill.). C. orni, ib. (ill.).
Oicatric ula, in the impregnated ovum, VI.
450, 2 c, and 561, 2 c.
Ci cer arieti num (botany), XIII. 203, 1 c.
CICEEO, Marcus Tullius, Roman orator, states
man, and philosopher, IV. 572. His char
acter, 573, 1 c. His works, 2 b, ff. As an
orator and writer, X. 195, 1 be. His con
tempt of merchants and artisans, XIII. 665,
1 c. Friendship for Roscius, XIV. 432, 1 c.
Cicero, body of type, XVI. 93, 2 be.
Cicero of Portugal, XII. 721, 2 b.
" Ciceromania," IV. 573, 2 c.
" Ciceroniam," IV. 573, 2 c.
Cicho rium in ty~bus (botany), IV. 408, 1 c (ill.).
Cicinnurus re gius [sis-in-nu -rus], (ornitholo
gy), II. 651, 1 b (ill., 650).
CICOGXA, Emmanuele Antonio [che-ko -nya],
Italian historian, IV. 577.
Clco nia (ornithology), XV. 403, 2 a. C. alba,
2 b (ill.).
CICC TA, genus of plants, IV. 577. C. macu-
lata, la. C. virosa, ib.
CID, The, or Cid Campeador [Sp. thee^A kam-
pa-a-^ore ], Spanish hero, IV. 577. Re
ferred to, III. 449, 1 c.
CIDER, IV. 578. Cider mill, 1 c (ill.). Cider
press, 2 a (ill.).
CIEXFUEGOS [se-ain-fwa -goce], city of Cuba,
IV. 578.
CIEXFUEGOS, Nicasio Alvarez de, Spanish poet
and dramatist, IV. 578.
CIEZA [the-a -tha], town of Spain, IV. 579.
CIGAR [se-gar J, IV. 579. Tobacco for cigars,
1 ab. Manufacture of, in Cuba, 2 a ; in the
Philippines, 2 b ; in the United States, 2 o.
Consumption of, 580, 1 b.
Cigar boat, steamer, III. 445, 2 a.
Cigarettes [se -gar-rets ], paper for, I. 267, 1 a.
Cigarrito [se-gar-re -to], small cigar, IV. 579,
1 ab.
CIGXAXI, Carlo [ehe-nya -iie], Italian painter,
IV. 580.
CIGXAROLI, Giovanni Bettlno [che-nya-ro -le],
Italian painter, IV. 580.
Cigoli [che -go-le] : see CARDI, Ludovico.
CILIA, hair-like processes, IV. 580. In micro
scopical animalcules, 1 c; in the lower plants,
2 b ; in the higher animals, 2 c. See ANI
MALCULES, I. 514, 1 c, 2 c, and 517, 1 b;
ClRRIPEDES, IV. 612, 1 C.
Ciliary circle, of the eye, VII. 46, 1 ab.
Ciliary processes, 1 b. Ciliary ganglion,
47, 2 a.
CILICIA [se-lish -aj, ancient division of Asia
Minor^IV. 581.
Cilician gates, mountain pass, XV. 586, 1 b.
Ciliobranchiata, moss animals, III, 373, 1 c.
Cilli: see CILLY.
CILLY [tsil -le], town of Austria, IV. 581.
CIMABUE, Giovanni [che-ma-boo -a], "father
of modern painting," IV. 581.
CIMAROSA, Domenico [che-ma-ro -za], Italian
composer, IV. 582.
Cimarron [se-mar-rone j, New Mexico : see
Elizabethtown, county seats (Index).
Cimbex ulmi (entomology), XIV. 653, 2 c (ill.).
CIMBRI, ancient people, IV. 582 ; VII. 737,
2 ab. Their defeat and extermination, IV.
583, 1 ab; XI. 173, 1 c.
Cimbric Bosporus, IV. 381, 2 b.
Cimbric Chersonese, IV. 381, 2 b; IX. 730, 1 a.
Ci mex lectula rius, bed bug, VI. 696, 2 c (ill.).
CIMICIF UGA (botany), IV. 583. C. racemosa,
ib., and V. 22, 2 be.
Cimicifugine [sim-e-sif -u-jin], resin, V. 23, 1 a.
Cimmerian Bosporus, III. 113, 1 c ; IV. 583, 2 a.
CIMMEBII [sim-me -re-I], ancient nomadic race,
IV. 583 ; VIII. 96, 2 a.
CIMOX, Athenian general and statesman, IV.
583. Peace of, VIII. 191, 1 c; IV. 584, 1 c.
CIXALOA : see SIXALOA.
CIXCHOXA [sin-ko -na], Peruvian or Jesuits
bark, IV. 584. Species and varieties of,
2 c. C. calisaya, ib., and 585, 2 a (ill.).
False barks, 585, 1 a. Alkaloids of, 2 c.
Their medicinal uses, 586, 2 c.
Cinchonia, alkaloid, IV. 586, 2 b; 587, 1 b.
Cinchonic acid : see KIXIC ACID.
CINCIIONICIA
CIRCUMCELLIONES
201
CincJionicia, alkaloid, IV. 58G, 2 be.
Cinchonidia, alkaloid, IV. 586, 2 b.
Cincine [sin -sin], alkaloid, IV. 585, 2 c.
CINCINNATI [sin-sin-nat -e], city of Ohio, IV.
587; view, 588. Site, 587, 1 c. Environs, 588,
2 a. Population. 2 c. Description, 589, 1 a.
Parks and public grounds, 2 a. Tyler David
son fountain, 2 c (ill.). Bridges, 590, 1 ab.
Public buildings, 2 be. Railroads, 591, 1 c.
Commerce, 2 c. Manufactures, 592, 1 a.
Government, 593, 2 a. Water supply, 2 b.
Finances, 2 c. Charitable institutions, 594,
1 a. Education, 2 b. Libraries, societies,
and associations, 595, 1 be. Places of amuse
ment, 2 c. Newspapers, &c., ib. Church
edifices, il. History, 596, 1 a.
CINCINNATI, Society of the, IV. 596. Badge,
(ill.).
Cincinnati arch or anticlinal (geology), XII.
591, 2 b.
Cincinnati group, in geology, X. 252, 2 a.
CIXCINNATUS, Lucius Quintms, Roman senator
and dictator, IV. 597.
Cinclo des (ornithology), XII. 745, 2 a.
Cinclus (ornithology), XII. 744, 1 c. C. Ameri
can us, 2 a. C. aquaticus, ib.
Cinder, or slag, in metallurgy, XL 426, 1 c.
Rich and poor cinder in steel making, XV.
358, 1 c. Puddling cinder, IX. 400, 2 ab.
Forge and mill cinders, 411, 2 c.
Cinder pig, in iron manufacture, IX. 400, 2 b.
CIN EAS, minister of Pyrrhus of Epirus, IV. 598.
Cingalese , inhabitants of Ceylon, IV. 220, 2 be
(ill., 221); IX. 213, 2 c, 214, 2 be.
CINGALESE LANGUAGE, IV. 598; IX. 221, 2 b.
Literature, IV. 598, 2 c.
CINNA, Lucius Cornelius, Roman consul, IV. 599.
CINNABAR, ore of mercury, IV. 599. Artificial,
600, 1 a. Brunner s process, 1 be.
Cinnamomum cassia (botany), IV. 63, 2 a (ill.) ;
601, 1 ab. C. Ceylonicum, II. 314, 1 be.
CINNAMON, bark, IV. 600. Cinnamon tree, 1 c
(ill.) ; II. 314, 1 c. Uses of cinnamon, IV.
601, 1 a.
CINNAMON STONE, variety of garnet, IV. 601 ;
VII. 625, 1 be.
OINO DA PISTOJA [che -no da pis-to -ya], Italian
poet and jurist, IV. 601.
CINQ-MARS, Henri CoiflBer de Ruz6, marquis
[sa-Muarce], French conspirator, IV. 601 ;
XIV. 318, 1 a.
Cinque cento [ching -kwa chen -to], in architec
ture, I. 664, 2 be ; in literature and art, IX.
461, 1 b.
CINQUE PORTS [sink], channel ports of England,
IV. 601. Lord warden of the, 2 be. Barons
of the, 2 c.
CIN TRA, town of Portugal, IV. 601. Penha
convent, 602, 1 a (ill.). Convention of. ib.
Beckford s palace at, II. 442, 2 c.
CIONE, Andrea di [cho -na] : see ORCAGNA.
CIOTAT, La [la se-o-ta], seaport of France, IV.
602.
CIPHER, in numeral notation, IV. 602. Inter
weaving of initial letters in a significant de
vice, 1 c. Artist s monogram, 2 a. Disguised
writing, ib. Modern use of cipher writing,
2b.
Cipjnts Al>ellanus, ancient brass tablet with
Oscan inscription, IX. 440, 1 ab.
Circa a Lutetiana (botany), XII. 445, 2 ab.
CIRCARS, Northern [seer-karz ], old division in
British India, IV. 602.
CIRCASSIA, region of European Russia, IV. 603.
Circassians, 2 a (ill.). Social grades and cus
toms, 2 c. Slave trade, 604, 1 c. Religion,
2 b. Language, 2 e. History, 605, 1 a.
CIRCE [sur -se], mythical sorceress, IV. 605.
CIRCEII [sur-se -yl], ancient city of Latium, IV.
605.
CIRCENSIAN GAMES, in the Roman circus, IV.
606.
CIRCLE, IV. 606. See QUADRANT, XIV. 122, 1 a.
Circle parry, in fencing, VII. 121, 1 b.
Circle of Ulloa, or white rainbow, VIII. 406,
1 a.
Circle of Willis, in anatomy, I. 458, 2 b.
Circles, Fenian, VII. 125, 1 a, b.
CIRCLEVILLE, city of Ohio, IV. 606.
CIRCUITS, of courts, IV. 606.
Circuits, Methodist, XL 451, 2 b.
CIRCULAR MEASURE, IV. 606. Circular min
utes and seconds, how marked, 2 a. Minutes
and seconds of time, ib.
Circular system, in fortification, VII. 329, 2 c.
CIRCULATING MEDIUM : see MONET.
CIRCULATION, of the blood, IV. 606. Structure
of the heart, 2 b. Course of circulation, 2 c.
Harvey s discoveries, 607, 1 b. Action of
the heart, 1 a. Movement in the arteries,
2 c ; in the capillaries. 608, 2 be; in the
veins, 609, 1 c. Variations of circulation,
2 c. General rapidity of circulation, 610,
1 b. Time required, 1 c. Principle of the
circulation of the blood foreshadowed : see
CECCO D ASCOLI, IV. 163, 2 a.
CIRCUMCELLIO NES, ancient fanatics, IV. 610;
VI. 208, 1 c, 2 a.
202
CIRCUMCISIOJST
CIRCUMCISION, IV. 610. In the Abyssinian
church, 2 c; I. 48, 2 c. Practised by the
Bechuanas, II. 438, 1 c ; by the Feejees,
VII. 112, 1 c.
Circumflexus palati (anatomy), XII. 817, 2 a.
CIRCUMNAVIGATION, IV. 611.
Circumvallation : see SIEGE, XV. 27, 1 a ;
28, 2 b.
CIRCUS, Koman, IV. 611. Circus maxiraus,
1 be ; other circuses, 2 a. Modern circuses, 2 b.
Circus (ornithology), VIII. 475, 2 b. C. II ud-
sonius, 2 c. C. cyaneus, 470, 1 be (ill.).
Other species, ib.
CIRENCESTER [sis -es-ter], town of England, IV.
611.
Cire perdue [seer pair-du], (waste wax), use in
modelling, II. 354, 2 a.
CIRILLO, Domenico [che-reel -lo], Italian repub
lican and naturalist, IV. 612.
Cirrhop oda : see CIRRIPEDES.
Cirrho sis, degeneration of the liver, X. 538,
1 c; VI. 266, 1 b.
CIRRIPEDES [sir -re-peeds ; Lat. sir-rip -e-deez],
crustaceans, IV. 612 (ill.).
Cir sium (botany), XV. 712, 2 a.
CIRTA. [sur -ta], ancient city of Numidia, IV.
612.
CISALPINE REPUBLIC [sis-al -pin], IV. 612 ; III.
39, 2 a; IX. 451, 1 ab.
Cisleithan Austria [sis-ll -than] : see CISLEI-
TIIANIA.
CISLEITIIA NIA, part of the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy, IV. 613.
CIS PADANE REPUBLIC, IV. 613.
Cisplatina [sis-pla-te -na], former Brazilian
province, XVI. 228, 1 c.
CISSEY, Ernest Louis Octave Courtot de [duh
sees-sa], French soldier, IV. 613.
Cissia : see SUSIANA.
Cissoid, in analytical geometry, I. 456, 1 b.
CISTERCIANS, IV. 613; XL 730, 1 b. Cister
cian monk (ill.), IV. 613.
Cistudo Blandingii (zoology), XV. 811, 2 a.
C. Virginea, clausa, or Carolina, 812, 1 c (ill.).
Citadel : see FORTIFICATION, VII. 330, 1 ab.
CITEAUX [se-to], hamlet of France, and Cister
cian abbey, IV. 614.
CITH/E RON, range of mountains in Greece, IV.
614; II. 94, 1 b. Cithseronianlion, IV. 614, 1 c.
Cith ara : see LYRE, X. 759, 2 b.
Cities of refuge, VIII. 584, 2 be.
Citium [sish -e-um] : see LARNAKA.
CITIZEN, IV. 614. Law of citizenship, 2 a.
Citoyen [se-twa-ya" 8 ] : see MONSIEUR.
CIVIL
Citrate of lime, IV. 615, 1 a. Of magnesia,
X. 852, 1 be, c. Of potash, XIII. 764, 1 a.
CITRIC ACID, IV. 614. Adulteration of, 615,
1 c ; how detected, #>.
I CITRON, fruit, IV. 615. Citron tree, 2 a (ill.).
Green citron melon, XL 373, 1 ab (ill.).
Citron watermelon, 374, 1 c (ill.).
Citronelle [sit-ro-nel J, grass, VIII. 167, 2 ab.
Citrullus colocyntJiis (botany), V. 81, 2 a (ill.).
C. vulgaris, XL 373, 2 be (ills.) ; 372, 1 be.
Ci trum, ancient town, XIV. 103, 1 b (PYDNA).
Citrus, town : see CITRUM.
Citrus (botany), XII. 661, 2 c; 662, 1 a, C.
aurantium, 661, 2 b (ill.). C. deliciosa, 663,
1 c. C. margarita, II. 555, 2 a (ill.). C.
medica, IV. 615, 2 a (ill.); referred to, X.
336, 1 c, XII. 662, 1 c. G. limonium, X.
336, 1 be. C. limetta, lima, or acida, 480,
1 c. C. decumana, XIV. 808, 1 a, c (ill.).
Citt JL Leonina [cheet-tiV la-o-ne -na] : see
LEONINE CITY.
Citta Notabile [-be -la] : see CITTA VECCHIA.
CITTA VECCIIIA [vek -kya], city of Malta, IV. 616.
City : see TOWN, XV. 828, 2 a.
City, the (London), X. 591, 1 c; 612, 1 ab.
City of Icings (Cashel), IV. 53, 2 c.
City of the plague (Astrabad), II. 41, 2 c.
City road, London, X. 593, 1 be.
Ciudad Bolivar [thu-thiith bo-le -var] : see
ANGOSTURA (city).
CIUDAD REAL [ra-aF] : see SAN CRIST6BA.L.
CIUDAD REAL, province of Spain, IV. 616.
Capital city, 1 c.
CIUDAD RODRIGO [ro-7ire -go], town of Spain,
IV. 616.
Cives: see ONION, XII. 631, 2 b (ill.).
CIV ET, digitigrade mammal, IV. 617 (ill.).
Civet cat, 2 be (ill.).
CIVIALE, Jean [se-vyal], French surgeon, IV.
617.
Cividale del Friuli [che-ve-da -la del fre-oo -
le] : see FRIULI.
Civil freedom in England, its foundation in a
clause of the Magna Charta, V. 151, 2 a.
CIVI LIS, Claudius, Batavian leader, IV. 626 ;
XII. 246, 2 a,
Civilisation, Buckle s theory of the causes of
its progress, III. 389, 1 c.
CIVIL LAW, IV. 618. Roman law, 1 b ; first
period, 2 c; second, 619, 2 a; third, 620,
2 a ; fourth, 621, 2 c. Valentinian s law of
quotation, 622, 1 c. Constitutions of the
emperors, 2 a. Germano-Roman laws, 2 c.
Justinian s collections, 623, 1 be. The Pan-
CIVIL
dects, 2 a ; manner of citing; them, 624, 1 c.
The Basilica, 625, 1 ab. Revival of the
study of the Roman law, 1 b.
Civil liberty, English, progress of, VI. 621,1 c.
Civil suits, proceedings in, XIV. 25, 1 ab.
Civil war, between Charles I. and parliament,
commencement of, XL 539, 1 a; IV. 280,
2ab; VI. 613, 2 a.
CIVITA CASTELLAN A [che-ve-ta/ kas-tel-hV-na],
town of Italy, IV. 626 (ill.).
CIVITA DI PENNE [de pen -nii], IV. 627.
Civitd Lavigna [la-ve -nya] : see LANUVIUM.
Civ itas Eburov icum: see EVRETIX.
Civitas Ecolismen sium : see ANGOULEME.
Civitas Seno num : see SENS.
Civitas Turo num : see TOURS.
Civitas Veneto rum: see VANNES.
CIVITA VECCIIIA [che-ve-ttV vek -kya], seaport
of Italy, IV. 627 (ill.).
CLACKMAN NANSIIIRE, county of Scotland, IV.
627.
Cladonia coecinia (botany), X. 408, 2 b (ill.).
C. rangiferina, 410, 2 be.
Cladosporium, fungus, VII. 532, 2 a ; XL 2 a.
Cladrastis tinctoria (botany), XVI. 371, 1 c (ill.).
Claflin university, South Carolina, XV. 197, 2 a.
CLAIBORNE [kla -burn], three counties, IV. 627.
CLAIRAUT, Alexis Claude [kla-ro], French ma
thematician, IV. 628. See COMET, V. 140, 2 a.
CLAIRFAIT : see CLERFAYT.
CLAIRON, Claire Josephe Ilippolyte Leyris de
Latude [kla-ro 118 ], French actress, IV. 628.
CLAIRVAUX [klair-vo], village of France, IV.
628. Monastery of, 1 c; II. 573, 1 be.
Clairvoyance, I. 526, 1 b ; XV. 275, 2 c.
CLAJUS, Johann [kla -yoos], German clergy
man and author, IV. 628. Johann, clergy
man and poet, 2 c.
CLALLAM, county, IV. 628.
CLALLAMS, tribe of Indians, IV. 629.
CLAM, IV. 629. Giant clam, 1 b (ill.). Soft
clam, 1 c, 2 a (ill.). Hard clam or quahaug,
1 c (ill.). Broad sea clam, ib. Fresh-water
clams, 1 c-2 a.
CLAMECT [klam-se], town of France, IV. 629.
Clamp, for baking bricks, III. 267, 1 a.
Clamps of peat, XIII. 218, 2 b.
Clam Shell cave, in Staffa, XV. 301, 1 a.
Clans, Scottish highland tribes, XIV. 700, 2 b.
CLANWILLIAM, district of Cape Colony, IV. 630.
CLAP, Thomas, American clergyman, IV. 630.
CLAPAREDE, Edouard [kla-pa-raid], French
naturalist, IV. 630.
Clapham sect, referred to, X. 769, 1 a.
CLARK
203
CLAPISSON, Louis [lila-pe-so ng ], French com
poser, IV. 630.
CLApp,Theodore, American clergyman, IV. 630.
Clapper rail, bird, XIV. 169, 1 c.
CLAPPERTON, Hugh, English traveller, IV. 630 ;
I. 170, 2 be.
Claquato, county seat, X. 383, 2 b.
CLARAC, Charles Othon Frederic Jean Bap-
tiste, count [kla-rak], French antiquary and
artist, IV. 631.
CLARE, county of Michigan, IV. 631.
CLARE, county of Ireland, IV. 631.
CLARE, John, English poet, IV. 631.
CLAREMONT , town of New Hampshire, IV.
631.
CLARE MONT, English royal palace, IV. 631.
Clarence, duke of, brother of Edward IV., VI.
436, 2 be, 437, 1 b ; XVI. 468, 1 b, if. Broth
er of Edward V., murdered in the tower of
London, VI. 437, 2 be. See WILLIAM IV.,
XVI. 631, 2 b.
CLARENDON, county, IV. 631.
CLARENDON, Edward Hyde, earl of, British
statesman and historian, IV. 632. Edward
Hyde, third earl of : see CORNBURY.
CLARENDON, George William Frederick Villiers,
fourth earl of, British statesman, IV. 634.
Edward Hyde Villiers, fifth earl of, 635, 1 b.
Clarendon, constitutions or customs of, VIII.
642, 2 c ; II. 441, 1 b (twice) ; V. 149, 2 a.
Referred to, IV. 635, 1 c.
CLARENDON PARK, locality in England, IV. 635.
Clarendon press building, Oxford, XII. 763, 2 a.
Clarenines [klar -e-nins] : see FRANCISCANS,
VII. 425, 2 c.
Clares, Poor, order of, VII. 427, 1 a.
CLARET: see FRANCE, Wines of, VII. 411, 1 a,
and XV. 225, 1 be.
CLARETIE, Jules Arnaud [kla-ruh-se], French
author, IV. 635.
CLARI, Giovanni Carlo Maria [kla -re], Italian
composer, IV. 635.
Clarichord: see CLAVICHORD.
Clarinda, county seat, XII. 789, 2 b.
CLARINET , musical instrument, IV. 635.
CLAR ION, county, IV. 635.
CLARK, five counties, IV. 635.
CLARK, Abraham, American patriot, IV. 636.
CLARK, Alvan, American optician, IV. 636.
CLARK, Davis Wasgatt, American clergyman
and author, IV. 637.
CLARK, Sir James, British physician, IV. 637.
CLARK, Jonas, American clergyman and pa
triot, IV. 637.
204
CLARK
CLAVIGO
CLAEK, Lewis Gaylord and Willis Gaylord,
American journalists, IV. 637.
CLAEK, Thomas March, American bishop, IV.
637.
CLARKE, nine counties, IV. 637.
CLARKE, Adam, British clergyman, IV. 638.
CLARKE, Charles Cowden, English author, IV.
639. (Died 1877.)
CLARKE, Edward Daniel, English traveller and
mineralogist, IV. 639.
CLARKE, Henri Jacques Guillaume, count
d Hunebourg, duke de Feltre, and marshal
of France, IV. 039.
CLARKE, Hyde, English engineer and author,
IV. 640.
CLARKE, James Freeman, American clergyman,
IV. 640.
CLARKE, John, one of the founders of Rhode
Island, IV. 640.
CLARKE, M Donald, American poet, IV. 641.
CLARKE, Mary Anne, mistress of Frederick,
duke of York, IV. 641 ; VII. 709, 1 b.
CLARKE, Mary Victoria Cowden, English au
thoress, IV. 641. Her "Concordance to
Shakespeare," 2 b.
CLARKE, Samuel, English clergyman, IV. 641 ;
XI. 807, 1 b, 812, 1 b (MORAL PHILOSOPHY).
CLARKE, "William, American soldier, IV. 642.
CLARKE S FORK, branch of the Columbia river,
IV. 642.
Clarlceamlle, county seat, VIII. 365, 1 c.
Clarksburg, county seat, VIII. 480, 2 c.
CLARKSOX, Thomas, English philanthropist,
IV. 042. His agitation against the slave
trade, 2 c, ff.; its success, 643, 1 b. Eman
cipation in the West Indies, 1 c.
Clarl-smlle, county seats, IX. 656, 2 a; XI.
787, 1 a; XIV. 237, 2 a.
Clarus Mom, castle of, IV. 673, 1 c.
Clary, a species of sage, XIV. 518, 2 c.
Classen, Australian explorer, X. 326, 2 be.
Classics, discoveries of: see MAI, Angelo ;
PETRARCH, XIII. 364, 1 c; NIEBUHR, XII.
438, 1 a ; MANUSCRIPT, XL 132, 1 c, 2 a, ff.
Classic school, in French art, XII. 802, 1 c.
Classis, in the Reformed (Dutch) church in
America, XIV. 258, 1 a.
Class leader, Methodist, XL 452, 2 c.
CLASTIC ANATOMY : see ANATOMICAL PREPARA
TIONS, I. 400, 1 b.
ClatJi rus, fungus, odor of, VII. 530, 1 be;
533, 2 b.
CLATSOP, county, IV. 643.
CLAUDE, Jean [klode], French Protestant cler
gyman, IV. 643. His views of the Augs
burg Confession, X. 733, 2 a.
CLAUDE LORRAINE, French painter, IV. 643.
His books of drawings, 044. 1 ab. His
landscapes, 1 b.
Claudia Castra, ancient city, VIII. 38, 1 a.
CLAUDIAN (Claudius Claudianus), Roman poet,
IV. 644 ; X. 200, 2 a.
CLAUDIA QUINTA, Roman matron, IV. 644.
CLAUDIUS, name of two Roman emperors, IV.
044. Tiberius Claudius Drnsus Nero Ger-
manicus, 2 be. Marcus Aurelius Claudius
Gothicus, 645, 1 b.
Claudius, emperor, decree restricting new
year s presents, XII. 351, 2 c.
CLAUDIUS, Matthias [klow -de-oos], German
writer, IV. 045.
CLAUDIUS CJECUS, Appius, Roman censor, IV.
645.
CLAUDIUS CRASSUS, Appius, Roman decemvir, ,
IV. 645.
CLAUDIUS NERO, Roman general, IV. 046.
CLAUDIUS NERO, Tiberius, father of the em- j
peror Tiberius, IV. 646.
CLAUSEL, Bertrand, count [klo-zel], French |
soldier, IV. 646.
CLAUSEN, Ilenrik Nikolai [klow -zen], Danish
theologian and statesman, IV. 047.
CLAUSENBITRG : see KLAUSENBUEG.
Clausencite, Mine, de [kloze-net]. I. 302, 1 a.
Clausen tum, Roman camp in England, re- ,
mains of, XV. 189, 1 ab.
CLAUSEWITZ, Karl von [ton klow -ze"h-vits], \
Prussian soldier and military writer, IV. 047. I
Clausseii ] s flax cotton, VII. 264, 2 a.
CLAUSTHAL [klowce -tal], town of Prussia, IV.
647.
Clani rice, fungi, VII. 533, 2 be.
Clavenna : see CHIAVENNA.
Clav erack Landing, town, IX. 28, 2 a.
Claverhouse [klav -er-us] : see GRAHAM, John.
CLAVICHORD [klav -e-kord], musical instrument,
IV. 647 ; XII. 79, 1 b ; XIII. 488, 1 a.
ClamcitJie rium, musical instrument, XIII. 488,
1 a.
CLAV ICLE, collar bone, IV. 647.
CLAVIERE, Etienne [kla-vyair], banker of Paris,
IV. 648.
Claw/orm inscriptions, V. 570, 2 c.
CLAVIGERO, Francisco Saverio [kla-vij -e-ro ; F-p.
kla-ve - k ha-ro], Mexican historian, IV. 048.
Clamgo [kla-ve -go], Goethe s drama: see BEAU-
MARCIIAIS, II. 428, 2 a, and CLAVIJO y FA-
XARDO, IV. 648, 2 a.
CLAVIJO
CLAVIJO, Buy Gonzalez de [kla-ve - k ho], Cas-
tilian ambassador to Tamerlane, IV. 648.
CLAVIJO Y FAXAKDO, Jose [e la- k har -/io],
Spanish author, IV. 648 ; II. 428, 2 a.
Clamsium: see CHIVASSO.
CLAY, an earth, IV. 648. Artificial, 2 be. Fat
or long, 649, 1 ab ; lean, meagre, or short,
ih. Porcelain clay, 1 b. Potters or plastic,
2 a. Pipe clay, ib. Brick clay, 2 b. Clay
for fire brick, 2 be. Porous, floating on wa
ter, 650, 1 b (see BRICK, III. 268, 1 c). Full
ers 1 earth, 2 a.
CLAY, name of sixteen counties, IV. 650.
CLAY, Cassius Marcellus, American politician,
IV. 651.
CLAY, Clement Comer, politician, IV. 652.
CLAY, Green, soldier and preacher, IV. 652.
CLAY, Henry, American statesman, IV. 652.
Advocates gradual emancipation in Ken
tucky, 2 c; 655, 2 a. U. S. senator, 653,
1 a. His proposition for internal improve
ments, ib. Duel with Humphrey Marshall,
1 b. Representative in congress, and speak
er, 1 c. His support of the war with Great
Britain, 2 a. Peace commissioner, 2 b. Ad
vocates protection and a national bank, 2 c.
The Missouri compromise, 654, 1 a. Charge
of bargain and corruption, 1 c; I. 103, 1 be.
Duel with Randolph, IV. 654, 1 c. Secre
tary of state, ib. U. S. senator, 2 a. His
tariff compromise, ib. French spoliations,
2 b. Leader of the whig party, 655, 1 ab.
Candidate for the presidency, 1 c. His reso
lutions relating to slavery, 2 a. Consistency
of his political views, 2 c. His sons, Henry,
James B., and Thomas Hart, 656, 1 a.
CLAYBORXE, William [kla -burn], a settler of
Virginia, IV. 656. His contest with Mary
land, 1 b ; III. 630, 1 be and 2 c ; XL 229,
2 c, and 230, 1 ab, c ; XVI. 151, 2 b.
Clay Centre, county seat, IV. 651, 2 c.
Clay Court House, county seat, IV. 650, 2 b.
Claying of sugar, referred to, IV. 650, 1 c.
Clay ironstone, IX. 407, 1 a ; 409, 1 ab ; XV.
643, 2 a.
CLAYS, Paul Jean [klii], Belgian painter, IV.
656.
CLAYTON, two counties, IV. 656.
CLAYTOX, village of New York, IV. 657.
Clayton, county seat, II. 302, 1 c.
CLAYTOX, John, American botanist, IV. 657.
CLAYTOX, John Middleton, American states
man, IV. 657. Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 1 c;
alluded to, III. 24, 1 ab, 433, 1 be.
CLEMENT
205
Claytonia (botany), XIV. 96, 1 ab.
CLAZOM EX^E, ancient city of Asia Minor, IV. 657.
Cleansing, in calico printing, III. 597, 1 a.
CLEANTIIES [kle-an -theez], Greek philosopher,
IV. 657. Hymn to Jupiter, 2 c. Referred
to, XI. 809, 2 c ; XIII. 438, 2 b.
CLEAR CIIUS, Lacedemonian general, IV. 657.
Clear cole, in gilding, VII. 808, 2 ab.
CLEAR CREEK, county, IV. 658.
CLEARFIELD, county, IV. 658.
Clearfield, Roman Catholic settlement, VII.
582, 2 b.
Clearfield, county seat, IV. 658, 1 c.
CLEARING HOUSE : see BAXK, II. 282, 2 ab.
Clearing nut, XII. 546, 2 be (Nux VOMICA).
Clear-obscure : see CHIAROSCURO.
"Clear the causeway," conflict so called, VI.
407, 2 c.
CLEAVELAXD, county, IV. 658.
CLEAVELAND, Parker, American mineralogist,
IV. 658. His treatise on mineralogy and
geology, XL 590, 2 c.
Cleavelandite, mineral, VII. 114, 2 c.
Cle burne, county seat, IX. 656, 1 c.
CLEBURXE, county, IV. 659.
CLEEF, Jan van [van klafe], Flemish painter,
IV. 659.
CLEEF, Joost van, Flemish painter, IV. 659.
Clef, in music, XII. 77, 1 a, 2 b.
Cleg, gadfly, VII. 551, 1 b ; XVI. 20, 1 c.
CLEM ATIS, genus of shrubs, IV. 659. C. vital-
ba, 1 c. C. flammula, ib. C. cirrhosa, ib.
C. viticella, 2 a (ill.). C. Virginiana, 2 b
(ill.). C. viorna, ib. C. ochroleuca, 2 c.
CLEMENS, Samuel Langhorne (Mark Twain),
American humorist, IV. 660.
Clemens Romanus, pope : see CLEMENT I.
CLEMENT, name of fourteen popes and three
antipopes, IV. 660. L, St., 2 ab. II., Suid-
ger, 2 b. III. (antipope), Guibert, 2 c. III.,
Paolo or Paolino Scolaro, 661, 1 a. IV.,
Guido Fulcodi, ib. V., Bertrand Garcias de
Goth, 1 b. His seventh book of decretals
(Clementines), 2 ab ; III. 719, 1 c. Suppres
sion of the templars, IV. 661, 1 c; XV. 635,
2 a. VI., Pierre Roger, IV. 661, 1 ab. VII.
(antipope), Robert de Geneve, 1 c. VII.,
Giulio de Medici, 662, 2 a. VIII. (antipope),
Gil Mufioz, 2 c. VIII. , Ippolito Aldobran-
dini, 663, 1 a. IX., Giulio Rospigliosi, 1 ab.
X., Emilio Altieri, 1 b. XL, Giovanni Fran
cesco Albani, ib. XII., Lorenzo Corsini, 1 c.
XIII., Carlo Rezzonico, 2 ab. XIV., Gio
vanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, 2 c.
206
CLIFTON
CLEMEXT, Jacob [kla-ma ng ], Flemish composer,
IV. 664.
CLEMEXT, Jacques, French regicide, IV. 664.
CLEMENT, Jean Pierre, French historian, IV.
664.
CLEMEXT, Knut Jungbolm, Danish historian,
IV. 664.
CLEMEXT or ALEXAXDRIA, a church father, IV.
1 664.
CLEMEXT OF EOME: see CLEMEXT L, pope.
CLEMEXTI, Muzio [kla-men -te], Italian pianist
and composer, IV. 665.
Clem entine canons : see CLEMEXTIXES.
Clementine Homilies, referred to, VIII. 54, 2 c.
CLEMEXTIXES, pontifical constitutions, IV. 665 ;
III. 719, 2 a.
CLEOBIS AXD BITOX : see BITOX AXD CLEOBIS.
Cleoluli na, daughter of Cleobulus, IV. 666,
la.
CLEOBTJ LUS, one of the seven sages of Greece,
IV. 665.
Cleod ora (mollusca), XI. 722, 1 be.
CLEOM BROTUS I., king of Sparta, IV. 666.
CLEOME DES, Greek astronomer, IV. 666.
CLEOMENES [kle-om -e-neez], name of three
kings of Sparta. IV. 666.
CLE OX, Athenian politician, IV. 666.
CLEOPA TRA (VI.), queen of Egypt, IV. 667 ;
XIII. 63, 1 a. Her relations with Caesar, IV.
667, 2 b, and III. 542, 1 c ; with Antony, IV.
668, 1 c, and I. 576, 2 a.
Cleopatra, four queens of Egypt, XIV. 62,
2 b-c. Wife of Philip of Macedon, referred
to, II. 92, 2 a; XIII. 408, 1 b.
CLEP SYDRA, hydraulic clock, IV. 669. Clep
sydra presented to Charlemagne by Haroun
al-Rashid, 670, 1 ab.
CLERC, Laurent [klair], deaf-mute teacher, IV.
670.
CLERC, Jean Le : see LE CLERC.
CLERFATT, Francois Sebastien Charles Joseph
de Croix, count de [klair -fa], Austrian gen
eral, IV. 670.
CLERGY, IV. 670. Ancient influence of the
clergy, 671, 1 a. Of the Roman Catholic
church, 671, 1 c, 2 ab; XIV. 396, 2 b, ff.
Of the Greek church, IV. 671, 2 a; VIII.
220, 1 c. Of the church of England, 2 b ;
VI. 629, 1 a. Of the Protestant Episcopal
church in America, 2 c; VI. 691, 2 b.
CLERGY, Benefit of : see BEXEFIT OF CLERGY.
Clergyman s sore throat, VII. 836, 1 a.
Cler ids la icos, papal bull, III. 66, 1 ab.
Clericns, an ecclesiastic, IV. 672, 1 a; a des
ignation of the educated, 671, 1 ab, Clerici
acephali and canonici, 672, 1 b.
CLERK [in England, klark], an ecclesiastic, IV.
672, 1 a ; a civil officer, 1 b and c. Classes
of ecclesiastical clerks, ib. A copyist, in
the middle ages, XL 131, 2 a.
CLERK, John, British naval tactician, IV. 672.
CLERKE, Charles, English navigator, IV. 672.
Clermont [klair -mont], Fulton s first successful
steamboat, VII. 526, 1 c; XV. 353, 1 b (ill.).
CLERMOXT, county, IV. 672.
CLERMOXT, or Clermont-Ferrand [klair-mo ng -
fair-ra Dg ], town of France, IV. 672. Cathe
dral of, 2 c (ill., 673).
CLERMOXT-L HERAULT [-la-ro], town, IV. 673.
CLERMOXT-DE-L OISE [-duh-lwaz], to \vn, IV. 673.
Castle of, now a prison for females, 2 ab.
Church of St. Samson, 2 b.
Clermon t-en-Beauvaisis [klair-mo ng -ta ng -bo-va-
ze] : see CLERMOXT-DE-L OISE.
Clermont- Lodeve [-lo-daiv] : see CLERMOXT-
L HERAULT.
CLERY, Jean Baptiste [kla-re], valet of Louis
XVL, IV. 673.
CLESIXGER, Jean Baptiste Auguste [kla-za ng -
zha], French sculptor, IV. 673.
Cleve [kla -fh], town : see CLEVES.
Cleie, Joost van : see CLEEF.
CLEVELAXD, city of Ohio, IV. 674; view, ib.
Harbor, 1 c. Public grounds and buildings,
2 c. Intercommunication, 675, 1 c. Trade,
2 a. Manufactures, 2 c. Government, 676,
1 c. Reformatory and charitable institu
tions, 2 a. Education, 2 be. Medical col
lege, 2 c ; IX. 28, 2 b. Churches, IV. 677,
1 b. History, 1 c.
Cleveland, county seats, III. 181, 1 b; XVI.
602, 2 a.
CLEVELAXD, Charles Dexter, American author,
IV. 677.
CLEVELAXD, Henry Russell, author, IV. 677.
CLEV EXGER, Shobal Vail, sculptor, IV. 677.
CLEVES [kleevz], town of Prussia, IV. 677.
Birthplace of Anne of Cleves, fourth wife of
Henry VIII., 2 be. County and duchy, 2 c.
Clev is, of a plough, XIII. 616, 1 b.
Clemens non Papa: see JAXXEQUIX, Clement.
Clian tlius (botany), VIII. 35, 1 c. C. Dam-
pieri, ib. (ill.).
Click plate, in turning, XVL 74, 1 b.
Clidas tes (paleontology), XL 858, 1 c.
CLIEXT, in Roman antiquity, IV. 678. In
modern usage, 2 a.
CLIFTOX, watering place of England, IV. 678.
CLIMACTICHNITES
CLOCKS
207
Suspension bridge, 1 a (ill.). Clifton col
lege, 2 c. Hot spring, ib.
Climactichnites [kli-mak-tik -nites], fossil foot
prints, VII. 342, 2 a.
CLIMATE, IV. 679. Progress of climatology,
1 a. Humboldt s isothermal lines, 2 a. Di
versities of climate and their causes, 680,
1 ab ; agency of atmospheric circulation,
1 c; of sea currents, 2 c. Observation of
its leading conditions, 681, 1 c. Climate of
the western United States, 2 c, ff. ; of western
Europe, 682, 2 a; of eastern America, 2 c.
Decrease of temperature from the sea level
upward, 683, 1 ab ; observations by Green
and others, 1 c. Effect of configuration of
surface, 2 b.
Climate in geologic times, VII. 698, 1 ab ;
change of, 1 b.
CLIMBING PEECII : see ANABAS SCANDENS.
CLINCH, county, IV. 683.
CLINCH PVIVER, IV. 683.
Cline, English surgeon, his successful use of
vaccination, IX. 604, 1 ab.
CLINGMAN, Thomas L., American politician,
IV. 683.
Clingman s peak, II. 682, 1 be.
CLIN IAS, father of Alcibiades, IV. 684. Pytha
gorean philosopher, 1 b.
Clinical instruction, revival of the ancient
system, II. 775, 2 ab.
Clinker bricks, III. 267, 2 a.
CLINOM ETER, instrument, IV. 684.
CLINTON, nine counties, IV. 684.
CLINTON, city of Iowa, IV. 686.
CLINTON, town of Massachusetts, IV. 686 ;
founder of, II. 631, 1 a. Village of New
York, IV. 686, 1 c. Borough and township
of New Jersey, ib. Village of Louisiana, 2 a.
Clinton, county seats, I. 472, 1 b ; VI. 64, 1 c ;
375, 1 b; VIII. 641, 2 a; 715, 1 b; XIV.
593, 2 b.
CLINTON, Charles, ancestor of the Clintons in
New York, IV. 686.
CLINTON, De Witt, American statesman, IV.
686. Appointed U. S. senator, 687, 2 ab.
Mayor of New York, 2 b. Leader of the re
publican party in New York, 2 c. Defeated
as candidate for the presidency, 688, 1 c.
Character and influence, 2 ab. His canal
system, 689, 1 ab. Elected governor of
New York, 2 c ; 690, 1 a, 1 b, 1 c. Com
pletion of the Erie canal, 690, 1 c ; its bene
fits to the state, 2 a.
CLINTON, George, American soldier and states-
I man, IV. 690. First governor of the state
of New York, 691, 1 a. Vice president of
the United States, 1 b.
CLINTON, Sir Henry, English soldier, IV. 691.
CLINTON, Henry Fynes, English author, IV. 691.
CLINTON, James, American soldier, IV. 691.
Clinton state prisoji, V. 669, 2 a ; XII. 367, 1 a.
CLIO, in mythology, IV. 692 (ill.). Use of the
letters of the name by Addison, 1. 112, 2 ab.
Clio borealis, mollusk, XI. 722, 1 c.
Clio na, sponge, XV. 281, 2 c.
Clip eus, ancient shield, XIV. 853, 2 ab (ill.).
Clipfish, IV. 796, 1 be.
Clisiocampa Americana (entomology), XI. 869,
1 ab (ill.).
CLISSA, town of Dalmatia, IV. 692.
CLISTIIENES [klis -the-neez], Athenian states
man, IV. 692 ; II. 55, 2 a, b, and be.
CLITII EKOE, borough of England, IV. 692.
CLITOMACIIUS [kli-tom -a-kus], Carthaginian
writer, IV. 692.
Cli tophon, hero of a Greek romance, I. 65, 1 b.
CLITUM NUS (now Clitumno), river of Italy, IV.
692. Temple of Jupiter Clitumnus, 2 b.
CLITUS, Macedonian general, IV. 692 ; I. 278, Ib.
CLIVE, Robert, lord, British soldier and states
man, IV. 692. His capture and defence of
Arcot, 693, 1 b; brilliant victories, 2 a, c.
Plot against Surajah Dowlah, 694, 1 a ;
Clive s treachery, 1 b, 2 a. Battle of Plas-
sey, 1 c. Plunder of the treasury of Ben
gal, 2 a. liaised to the Irish peerage, 2 b.
Appointed governor and commander-in-chief
of Bengal, 2 c. Parliamentary investigation
of his conduct, 695, 1 a.
Clo aca ofUrds, II. 687, 2 a.
CLOACAE, sewers of ancient Rome, IV. 695.
Cloaca Maxima, 1 b ; XIV. 796, 2 c.
CLOACI NA, surname of Venus, IV. 695.
CLOCKS AND WATCHES, IV. 695. Earliest mean
ing of the word clock, 1 c. Earliest instru
ments for measuring time, 2 a. Introduc
tion of wheel clocks moved by weights, 2 c.
Henry Vick s clock, 696, 1 c (ill.). Pendu
lum, 2 c; IX. 97, 2 b. Huygens s clock, IV.
697, 2 c (ill.). Escapements, 698, 1 a, ff.(ills.).
Invention of spiral spring, IX. 98, 1 b. Main
taining power, IV. 699, 1 b. Harrison s
maintaining spring, 1 c. Train of wheels,
2 a (ill.). Electric clock dial and clock, 700,
1 c. Alarm clock, I. 238, 2 b. Pendulum
clock, IX. 97, 2 b. Watches, IV. 700, 2 b.
Escapements, 701, 1 a (ills.); cylindrical, 702,
2 a (ill.) ; chronometer escapement, 2 b (ill.) ;
208
CLOCK
CLUB
compensation balance, 703, 1 b (ill.). Chro
nometer, 2 a (ill.). Train of wheels in a de
tached lever, 2 be (ill., 704). Hand wheels
and stem winder, 704, 2 a (ill.). Machinery
for making watches, 2 c. Screw lathe, 705,
1 b (ill.). Slotting disk, 1 c (ill.). Teeth-cut
ting lathe, 2 a (ill.) ; cutter enlarged (ill.),
2 b. Material of the internal parts, 706, 1 a.
Clock dials, illuminated, inventor of, III. 660,
2c.
Clock tower of Bern, II. 570, 2 c.
CLO DIUS PULCHER, Publius [pul -ker], Roman
demagogue, IV. 706.
CLCE LIA, Roman maiden given as a hostage to
Porsena, IV. 706.
CLOGHEK [kl&h -her], town of Ireland, IV. 706.
CLOISTER : see MONASTERY.
QUka [slo -ka], Sanskrit stanza, XIV. 614, 1 be,
CLONFERT , Irish bishopric, IV. 706.
CLONMEL , town of Ireland, IV. 706.
CLOOTZ, Jean Baptiste, baron (Anacharsis
Clootz), [klotes], revolutionist, IV. 707.
Clapton?* hospital, III. 480, 2 c.
CLOQUET, Hippolyte [kluh-ka], French phy
sician, IV. 707. Ernest, 2 a. Jules Ger
main, baron, ib.
Closeburn, Maria Manuela, Kirkpatrick, moth
er of the empress Eugenie, III. 55, 1 ab.
Closing, in rope making, XIV. 425, 2 a.
CLOSSE, Raphael Lambert [klusj, Canadian sol
dier, IV. 707.
Closterium, alga, VI. 42, 1 c, 2 ab (ill., 43).
Closter Seven, convention of, V. 568, 2 a.
Clos de Vougeot [klo diih voo-zho], wine, VII.
413, 1 a; vineyard, IV. 614, 1 be.
CLOT, Antoine [klo], French physician, IV. 708.
CLOTAIRE, three kings of the Franks, IV. 708.
Clot Bey : see CLOT, Antoine.
Cloth, woollen, manufacture of, XVI. 718, 1 a.
Machine for shearing, 719, 2 b ; for impart
ing metallic lustre to, 720, 1 b.
Cloth-case binding, of books, III. 78, 1 ab, ff.
Clothing, hygienic relations of, IX. 131, 1 ab.
CLOTHO, one of the Fates, IV. 708 ; XIII. 73,
2 a.
Clotho ari etans (zoology), XVI. 368, 2 ab.
Cloth-yard shaft, arrow, I. 648, 2 c (ill.).
CLOTILDA, Saint, wife of King Clovis, IV. 708 ;
III. 451, 1 b. Wife of King Amalaric, IV.
709, 1 a ; I. 373, 2 c.
Clotilde, princess [klo-teeld], wife of Prince
Napoleon, III. 29, 1 a, b ; 51, 1 b.
CLOTILDE DE STJRVILLE : see SURVILLE.
CLOUD, county, IV. 709.
Cloudberry, XIV. 209, 2 c.
Cloud lursts, XVI. 508, 2 a.
CLOUDS, IV. 709. Formation of, illustrated at
Table mountain, 2 a. Height of. 2 b. Ve
sicular theory of, 2 c. Forms of, 710, 1 ab,
if. Howard s nomenclature, ib., and 712,
1 a. Cumulus, 710, 1 c (ill.) ; stratus, 2 a
(ill.) ; cirrus, 2 be (ill.) ; cirro-cumulus, 711,
1 b ; cirro-stratus, ib, ; cymoid cirro-stratus,
1 be ; cumulo-stratus, 1 c ; nimbus, 2 a (ill.).
Nomenclature of Poey, 712, 1 a. Equatorial
belt, 2 ab ; calms (doldrums), ib, ; influence
in mitigating heat, 2 c. Electric state, 713,
1 be. See LIGHTNING. Cause of the white
color of clouds, X. 451, 1 c.
Clouds and Jogs, how sustained in the atmos
phere, I. 117, 1 b; De Saussure s hypothesis
untenable, 1 c.
CLOUGH, Arthur Hugh [klufj, English author,
IV. 713.
Cloven grindstone theory of the milky way,
VII. 559, 1 c. Cloven ring theory, 560, 1 b.
CLOVER, plant, IV. 713. Red clover. 2 c (ill.,
714). Cultivation of, ib., ff. Parasites, 714,
2 b. Crimson clover, 2 c. White clover,
715, 1 ab (ill.). Analyses of red and white
clovers, 1 c. Comparative value of clover,
2 a. Treatment of the crop, ib.
Clover Hill, village of Virginia. I. 602, 2 b.
CLOVES, spice, IV. 715. Clove tree, 2 c (ill.,
716) ; its cultivation, 716, 1 a, ff. Medicinal
use of cloves, 2 b. Oil of, ib. ; its use in
microscopy, 2 be.
Cloves, gorges in the Catskills, IV. 120, 1 b.
Clove of the Catterskill, ib. Clove of the
Plattekill, 1 c. Stony clove, ib.
Cloves of garlic, VII. 624, 2 b.
CLOVIS, founder of the Frankish monarchy,
IV. 716; VII. 378, 2 c. Conversion to
Christianity, IV. 717, 1 b. See I. 238, 2 a ;
III. 451, 1 ab. Clovis II. and Clovis III..
IV. 717, 2 ab.
CLOWES, John, English clergyman, IV. 717.
CLOWES, William, English printer, IV. 717.
CLOYNE, town of Ireland, IV. 718. Bishops of,
1 a.
CLUB, social, literary, artistic, or political asso
ciation, IV. 718.
Club ball, game, V. 482, 1 a.
Clubbed finger s, in consumption, V. 283, 2 c.
Club Breton [klttb briih-t6 ng ] : see JACOBINS,
IX. 499, 2 c.
Club de V entresol [duh la ng -truh-sul], referred
to, XIV. 553, 1 b.
CLUB-FOOT
COAST
209
CLUB-FOOT, deformity, IV. 718. Forms of,
1 a. Causes of, 719, 1 a. Treatment, 1 c.
Tenotomy, 2 ab. Tenotome, 2 be.
Club men, political party, V. 503, 1 c.
Cliib mosses, X. 744, 1 b (ill.).
Cludiform inscriptions: see CUNEIFORM IN
SCRIPTIONS, V. 570, 2 c.
Clugny [klii-nye] : see CLUNY.
CLUNY [klii-ne], town of France, IV. 719.
Abbey of, 2 c. Hotel de Cluny, museum in
Paris, 720, 1 ab ; XIII. 87, 1 a. Congrega
tion of Cluny, XI. 730, 1 ab.
Clu pea (ichthyology), VIII. 696, 2 b. C. al
ba, XVI. 604, 1 b. C. elongata, VIII. 696,
2 c (ill., 697). C. harcngus, 697, 1 c (ill.).
C. minima, 1 b ; III. 293, 2 ab.
Cluricaune : see FAIRIES, VII. 65, 1 c.
CLUSERET, Gustave Paul [klu-zuh-ra], French
soldier, IV. 720; V. 164, 1 b; 165, 1 be;
166, 1 ab, 2 b.
CLUSIUM, ancient city, IV. 720 ; 495, 2 a.
Cluver [kloo -ver] : see CLUVERIUS.
CLUVE RIUS, Philipp, German geographer, IV.
720.
CLYDE, river of Scotland, IV. 721. Frith of
Clyde, 1 b. Forth and Clyde canal, 1 c.
CLYDE, Lord : see CAMPBELL, Sir Colin.
Clydesdale : see LANARKSHIRE.
Clydesdale breed of horses, IV. 721, 1 c.
CLYMER, George, a signer of the Declaration
of Independence, IV. 721.
CLYTEMNES TRA, wife of Agamemnon, IV. 722 ;
I. 172, 1 ab.
Clytm robiniw (entomology), X. 572, 1 ab.
Cnicus [nl -kus], (botany), XV. 712. C. lance-
olatua, 2 b (ill.). C. arvensis, 713, 1 b (ill.).
Other species, 2 a.
Cnidce: see LASSO CELLS, X. 181, 2 c.
CNIDUS, ancient city of Caria, IV. 722. Battle
of, 1 c; VIII. 195, 2 c.
Cxossus, ancient capital of Crete, IV. 722.
Ruins of, 2 a ; III. 697, 2 b.
Cnosm: see Cxossus.
COACH, IV. 722. In Germany and France,
2 b. Introduction into England, 723, 1 a.
Stage-coach travelling in the 17th and 18th
centuries, 1 be ; mail coaches, 2 a. Forms
of, ib. The omnibus. 2 ab ; post coaches,
2 c ; the diligence, 724, 1 a. Construction
of coaches, 1 ab.
CoAcn-wmp SNAKE, IV. 724 (ill.).
Coagulation of blood, II. 732, 1 b.
COAHOMA [ko-a-ho -ma], county, IV. 725.
COAHUILA [-we -la], state of Mexico, IV. 725.
14
COAITI [ko-I -te], mammal, IV. 725. Coaiti-
mondi, 2 c (ill.). Brown coaiti, ib.
COAL, IV. 726. Varieties of, 1 ab. Geologi
cal formations, 727, 1 be, ff. (table, 728) ;
carboniferous period, 729, 2 ab ; later forma
tions, 731, 1 a, ff. Lignite, 732, 1 a; peat
beds, 1 c. Origin of coal, 2 be; formation
of coal beds, 733, 1 c ; of peat, 2 c ; identity
of the processes, 737, 1 a. Alleghany coal
field, 739, 1 a; coal beds of Pennsylvania,
740, 2 a; of other states, 741, 2 a. Western
coal fields, 742, 1 c. Statistics of American
coal production, 743, 1 a. Qualities of
American coals, VII. 519, 1 a. Northwest
ern coal fields, IV. 743, 2 a ; lignitic basin of
New Mexico, 2 c ; of Colorado, 744, 1 b ;
others, 2 a. Coal production of Great Brit
ain, 745, 1 be; of the European continent,
746, 1 a; of the world (table), 2 ab. Histo
ry, 2 b. See ANTHRACITE.
Coal brasses (pyrites), XIV. 109, 1 be.
Coalfisli (black pollack), XIII. 681, 2 c.
COAL GAS : see GAS.
Coalition ministry, in the reign of George III.,
VII. 709, 1 a.
Coal oil: see COAL PRODUCTS, IV. 753, 2 a,ff.;
KEROSENE, IX. 811, 2 a, 812, 2 a.
COAL PLANTS, IV. 747. Illustrations : Flabel-
laria borassifolia, 747; Neuropteris hirsuta,
Adiantites Lindseaeformis, Sphenopteris tri-
dactylitis, Pecopteris louchitica, 748 ; Cau-
lopteris AVorthenii, Lepidodendron, Sigilla-
ria, 749; Stigmaria, Lepidostrobus, 750 ;
Calamites, Annularia longifolia, Spheno-
phyllum Schlotheimii, Carpolithes, Trigono-
carpus, Cardiocarpus, 751.
COAL PRODUCTS, IV. 752. Table of, ib. See
Coal tar (Index).
Coal tar, products of the distillation of. IV.
752 (table), 753, 1 a, if.; I. 321, 2 b (Au-
ZAEINE) ; 548, 2 a (ANTHRACENE) ; II. 546,
1 a (BENZOLE) ; III. 769, 2 b (CARBOLIC ACID) ;
XII. 133, 1 b (NAPHTHA); 134, 1 a (NAPH
THALINE). See TAR.
Coal-tar creosote : see CARBOLIC ACID, and IV.
753, 1 be.
Coahille, county seat, XV. 467, 2 b.
CO AX, Titus, American missionary, IV. 754.
COANZA [ko-an -za], river of Africa, IV. 754.
COAEI [ko-a -re], river of Brazil, IV. 754.
Coary : see COARI.
Coassus [ko-as -sus], (zoology), V. 757, 2 a;
761, 1 ab. C. rufus and other species, 1 b, ff.
Coast mountains: see COAST RANGE.
210
COAST
COCHINEAL
COAST RANGE, mountains of California, IV.
754 ; XIV. 378, 1 be, 2 b.
COAST SUEVET, United States, IV. 755. First
attempt to organize, 756, 1 a ; resumed, 2 c.
Reorganization under Prof. Bache, 2 a. Sys
tem of national triangulation established by
Prof. Peirce, 757, 1 a. Geodesy, method of,
2 b. Base line, 758, 1 be ; base apparatus,
1 c. Triangulation, 2 ab. Latitude, 759, 1 ab ;
longitude, 1 c. Azimuth, 758, 1 b, 760, 1 be.
Topography, 1 c. Hydrography, 761, 1 a ;
physical, 1 c. Tides, 2 b. Figure of the
earth, 762, 2 b. Variation of the compass,
763, 1 ab. Office work, 2 b. Organization,
764, 1 be.
Coat of arms, derivation of the phrase, VIII.
671, 1 b. Mediasval ceremony of breaking,
at the extinction of a noble line, III. 211,
1 c ; last performed, ib.
COATZACOALCO [kw&t-sa-kw&l -ko], river of
Mexico, IV. 765.
Co a ves tis : see SILK, XV. 40, 1 c.
Cob, male swan, XV. 500, 2 a.
COBALT [ko -bawlt], elementary metal, IV. 765.
Preparation of, 766, 1 ab. Properties, 1 c.
Alloys, 2 a. Pigments from, 2 b. Other
uses of, 767, 1 b.
Cobalt Hue, referred to, II. 757, 1 b.
COBAN [ko-ban J, city of Guatemala, IV. 767.
COBB, county, IV. 767.
COBB, Howell, American politician, IV. 707.
COBBE, Frances Power, English authoress and
philanthropist, IV. 768.
COBBETT, William, English political writer, IV.
768. His attack upon Benjamin Rush, XIV.
472, 1 c.
Cobbetfs corn (maize), IV. 769, 1 a.
Cobbler, fish, XL 613, 1 ab.
Cobblers 1 spasm, XIV. 713, 2 c.
Collie stones : see PAVEMENT, XIII. 192, 1 c.
COBDEN, Richard, English statesman, IV. 769.
Commercial treaty with France, III. 51, 2 a.
Cobliam, Baron: see OLDCASTLE.
Cobliam, Lord, mentioned, V. 470, 1 c.
COBI, desert of : see GOBI.
COBLIA [ko-be - k ha], seaport of Bolivia, IV. 770.
Cobi tis (ichthyology), X. 555, 2 c. C. barba-
tula, ib. (ill.). C. taenia and C. fossilis, 556,
1 a, b.
COB LENTZ, city of Prussia, IV. 770. Railway
bridge, 771, 1 a (ill.).
" Coblentz Address: " see VATICAN, Council of
the, XVI. 274, 1 c.
Coblentz ware, XVI. 565, 2 c.
CO BOUEG, Canada : see COBUEG.
COBEA DE CAPELLO, snake, IV. 771 (ill.).
Cols, hazel-nuts, VIII. 554, 2 c.
COBUEG [ko -boorg], duchy of Germany, IV.
772. Capital, 2 c. Ducal palace (ill.), 773.
Castle, 1 a.
CO BUEG, town of Canada, IV. 773.
COBUEG, Josias, prince of, Austrian field mar
shal, IV. 773.
COBUEG FAMILY, IV. 773.
COBWEB, IV. 773. Uses of, 2 c. Fabrics made
of, 774, 1 a.
COCA, dried leaf of a shrub, IV. 774 (ill.).
Coccajo, Merlino [mair-le -no kok-ka -yoj, (pseu-
donyme), inventor of macaronic poetry, X.
767, 2 ab.
Cocceians [kok-se ; -yans] : see COCCEJUS.
COCCEJUS, Johannes [kuk-tsa -yoos], German
Hebraist, IV. 774. Cocceians, 2 c.
COCCIA, Carlo [kot -cha], Italian composer, IV.
774.
Coccinella, beetle, II. 478, 1 a; X. 90, 2 a.
COCCOLITHS AND CoccospiiEEES, minute subma
rine bodies, IV. 775 (ill.). See BATHYBIUS.
Coccos teus, fossil fish, VII. 616, 1 a (ill.).
Coccothraus tes (ornithology), VIII. 529, 2 a.
C. vulgaris, ib. (ill.).
Coccothrausti ncB (ornithology), VII. 190, 1 a;
VIII. 263, 2 c.
COCCULUS, a fruit, IV. 775. Cocculus Indicus,
2 a (ill.). C. palmatus, V. 122, 2 c.
Coccus Adonidum (entomology), XL 313, 1 c.
C. aquations, II. 558, 1 ab. C. cacti, IV.
778, 1 a, 2 a (ill.). C. ficus, X. 75, 2 c ; XV.
11, 1 b. C. ilicis, IV. 778, 1 be.
Coccyzus [kok-si -zus], (ornithology), V. 557,
2 a. C. Americanus, 1 a. C. erythrophthal-
mus, 2 c. C. minor, 558, 1 a.
COCHABAMBA [ko-cha-bam -ba], department of
Bolivia, IV. 775. Capital city, 2 b.
COCHET, Jean Benoit Desire, abbe [kuh-sha],
French archaeologist, IV. 776.
COCIIIMI [ko-che -me], Indian nation, IV. 776.
CO CIIIN [properly ko-cheen ], rajahship of In
dia, IV. 776. Town, 2 a.
COCHIN, Charles Nicolas [kuh-sha nB ], French
engraver and designer, IV. 776.
COCHIN, Pierre Suzanne Augustin. French wri
ter, IV. 776.
COCHIN CHINA, province of Anara, IV. 777.
French or Lower Cochin China, 1 b ; I. 457,
2 a. Language of, IX. 253, 2 ab.
Cochin China fowls, IV. 780, 2 ab; 783, 1 a.
COCII INEAL, insect, IV. 778 (in*.). Kcrmes,
COOHITUATE
CODE
211
1 c. Mexican coccus introduced, 2 a. Cul
ture of, 2 ab. Its coloring principle, 1 c.
Cochit uate aqueduct, I. 015, 1 b (ill.).
CocniTUATE LAKE, Massachusetts, IV. 779 ; I.
615, 1 b.
Cochlea [kok -le-a], of the ear, VI. 351, 2 ab.
Cochlea ria Armora da (botany), VIII. 830, 2 b
(ill., 831). C. officinalis, XIV. 724, 2 b (ill.).
Cochrane [kok -ran], Scottish architect, favor
ite of James III., referred to, IX. 515, 1 c.
COCIIRAXE, Lord: see DUXDOXALD, earl of.
His attempt to relieve Athens, II. 58, 2 a.
COCIIRAXE, John Dundas, British traveller, IV.
779.
COCHUT, Andre [kiih-shii], French publicist, IV.
780.
COCK, gallinaceous bird, IV. 780. Wild species,
1 c. Jago cock, 2 a. Javan, &c., 2 b.
Sonnerat s jungle fowl, 781, 1 a (ill.). Silk
cock, 2 a. Common cock and hen, 2 b.
Capons, 782, 1 be. Game cock, 2 a (ill.).
Chittagongs and Shanghais, 2 c. Cochin
Chinas, 783, 1 a. Chinese, 1 b. Brahma-
pootras, ib. Dorking breed, 1 be (ill.). Po-
lands, 2 a (ill.). Black Spanish and Fayal,
2 be. Bolton grays and Ilamburgs, 2 c.
Bantams, ib. Negro cock, 781, 1 c.
Cock, of a musket, XII. 97, 2 a.
Cockal lone, VIII. 825, 2 ab.
Cock-a-leckie, a Scotch dish, X. 312, 2 c.
COCKATOO , bird, IV. 784. Tricolor-crested,
1 c (ill.). Banksian, 785, 1 a (ill., 784). Go
liath or great black cockatoo, 1 b (ill.). Long-
billed, 1 c (ill.). See PARROT.
COCK ATRICE, fabulous animal, IV. 785. Cock
atrice of the Bible, II. 365, 1 ab.
COCKBURX [ko -burn], Sir Alexander James
Edmund, English jurist, IV. 785. Caleb
Cushing s criticism of, 2 c.
COCKBURX, Catharine, authoress, IV. 786.
COCKBURX, Sir George, admiral, IV. 786.
COCKBURX, Henry Thomas, lord, jurist, IV. 786.
COCK CIIAFER, insect, IV. 786 ; ills., 786, 787.
COCKE, county, IV. 787.
Cocker, bird dog, XV. 228, 2 a.
COCKER, Edward, English arithmetician, IV.
787.
COCKEBELL, Charles Robert, English architect,
IV. 787.
COCKERILL, John, English engineer, IV. 788.
COCKERMOUTII [kok -er-muth], town of Eng
land, IV. 788.
Cock fighting, IV. 782, 2 ab.
Cock lane ghost, IX. 666, 1 b.
COCKLE, shell, IV. 788 (ill.).
Cockle, weed, XVI. 587, 1 c.
Cockles, in glass making, VIII. 18, 2 a.
Cockling, in silk weaving, XIV. 306, 1 b.
COCKNEY, nickname, IV. 788. Cockney school
of literature, 2 ab.
Cock of the plains, bird, VIII. 271, 1 ab (ill.).
COCKROACH, insect, IV. 788 ; ill., 789. How
destroyed, 789, 1 a.
COCLES, Iloratius [ko -kleez], Roman hero, IV.
789.
COCOA [ko -ko], a preparation of cacao seeds, .
IV. 789. Cocoa butter, 2 b. Infusion c
cocoa shells, ib.
Cocoa butter: see COCOAXUT OIL, and COCOA,
IV. 789, 2 b.
Cocoa shells, III. 532, 2 a ; IV. 789, 2 b.
Cocoanut [ko -ko-nut], double or sea, XIII. 20,
1 c ; XI. 293, 1 be (coco de rner).
COCOAXUT OIL, or Cocoanut Butter, IV. 790.
COCOAXUT TREE, IV. 790 (ill.). Uses of the
leaves, 2 c ; of the sap, ib. ; of the husk,
791, 1 a; of the shell, 1 b ; of the nut, ib.
Age of Brazilian cocoanut palms, I. 184, 2 c.
Coco de mer [ko -ko da mair], nut-bearing tree,
XI. 293, 1 be.
CocoineoR [ko-ko-in -e-e], (botany), XIII. 21, 1 b.
COCO-MARICOPAS, tribe of Indians, IV. 791.
Coco-oleine [-o -le-in], IV. 790, 1 ab.
Cocoox , IV. 792.
COCO PAS, tribe of Indians, IV. 792.
Cocoa [ko -koce], (botany), XIII. 21, 1 b. C.
nucifera, IV. 790, 1 ab. C. lapidea, V. 338,
2 ab.
Cocuyo [ko-koo -yo], Cuban firefly, V. 546,
2 a; VII. 213, 1 c (cucnjo).
Cocum, plant, XIII. 641, 1 b (POKE).
COCY TUS, river of Epirus, IV. 792. River of
Hades, 2 b.
COD, fish, IV. 792 (ill.). American, 2 c. Com
mon or bank cod, 793, 1 a. Tomcod, 1 b.
Cod fishing, 2 c. Statistics of the American
fishery, 795, 2 a ; of the British American,
2 b ; of the French, 2 c. Bounties, 2 b, c.
European fisheries, 796, 1 a.
C. 0. D. : see EXPRESS, VII. 41, 2 be.
CODDIXGTON T , "William, founder of Rhode Island
colony, IV. 796.
CODE, compilation of laws, V. 5. Laws of
Lycurgus, 2 c ; of Solon, 6, 1 a. The twelve
tables of Rome, 1 c. Roman common law,
2 be. Roman compilations, 7, 1 a. Frank-
ish laws, 1 c. Capitularies of Charlemagne,
8, 1 a. Laws of Alfred the Great, 1 c.
212
CODE
COGNAC
Feudal customary law in France, 2 b.
French codes, 9, 1 a. German laws, 2 a.
Prussian code, 2 b ; Russian, 2 c. Codes of
the United States, 10, 1 a. Analysis of the
New York civil code, 11, la.
Code forestier [fo-res-tya], (French), V. 9, 1 c.
Code Frederic [fra-da-reek], (Prussian), V. 9,
2 b.
Code of Howel Da, referred to, IV. 179, 2 a.
Code Napoleon, V. 9, 1 be. The courts re
quired to decide on general principles and
analogy, 432, 2 be.
Code of procedure, in New York, VII. 176, 1 c.
CODEIA [ko-de -ya], alkaloid, V. 11 ; XII. 049,
1 b ; 650, 1 a.
CODEX, ancient manuscript or collection of
laws, V. 11. C. Alexandrinus, XI. 133, 1 b :
see ALEXANDRIAN CODEX. C. Amiatinus,
2b. C. Argenteus, 131, 2b; VIII. 125, Ic:
see ARGENTEUS CODEX. C. Aureus, XI.
131, 2 b. C. Basilensis, XI. 133, 2 a. C.
Bezaa or C. Cantabrigiensis, 133, 1 c : see
BEZA S CODEX. C. Canonum, III. 718, 1 a,
2 a. C. Carolinus, VIII. 125, 1 c, 2 b. C. Cot-
tonianus Geneseos, XL 132, 1 a. C. Ephra-
emi, 133, 1 be. C. Gregorianus, IV. 622,
2 ab. C. Hermogenianns, ib. C. Isidoriana,
III. 718, 1 b. C. Justinianus, V. 11, 2 b ; IV.
623, 1 c, 624, 1 be. C. Prisca, III. 718, 1 b.
C. Purpureus, XI. 133, 1 c. C. repetitse Prse-
lectionis, IV. 624, 1 c, 2 b. C. rescriptus
(palimpsest), V. 11, 2 b. C. Sinaiticus, XI.
132, 2 c ; XV. 769, 1 c, ff. C. Theodosianus,
V. 7, 1 b; IV. 622, 2 b; III. 513, 2 c. C.
Turinensis, VIII. 125, 2 ab. C. Vaticanus,
XI. 133, 1 a. C. Vetus, IV. 623, 2 a.
Codfish oftl .e lakes (eel pout), X. 506, 2 b.
Codices Ambrosia ni [ko -de-seez], Gothic manu
scripts, VIII. 125, 2 a.
CODICIL, addition to a will, V. 11.
Codjii gum, IV. 54, 1 b.
Codling, fish, VIII. 385, 1 a.
COD-LITER OIL, V. 11. Medicinal use of, 12,
1 b ; first advocated in Great Britain, II.
531, 1 ab.
CODOGNO [ko-do -nyo], town of Italy, V. 12.
Codoy, Juan, discoverer of silver mines in
Chili, V. 317, 1 a.
COD RINGTON, Sir Edward, English admiral,
V. 12. Sir William John, general, 2 c.
CO DRUS, last king of Athens, V. 13.
Cod sounds, I. 217, 2 a. Isinglass made from,
ib., and IX. 427, 1 ab.
COEHOBN, Menno van, baron [ko -horn], (Dutch,
Coehoorn, koo -horn), Dutch general and en
gineer, V. 13.
Coehorn, light mortar, III. 707, 1 b ; V. 13, 1 c.
Codestim, disciple of Pelagius, XIII. 234, 1 a, ff.
Code-Syria, XIII. 5, 2 c ; X. 281, 1 ab.
Ccdim Aurelianus, his treatment of insanity,
IX. 297, 1 c.
! COELLO, Claudio [ko-u -lyo], Spanish painter,
V. 13.
I C&loyenys [se-loj -e-nis], (zoology), XII. 778.
C. paca, 2 a (ill.).
CCELUS : see URANUS, in mythology.
Coemptio [ko-emp -she-o], Roman form of mar
riage, V. 221, 2 b.
Ccenac ulum, hall in the tomb of David, IX.
617, 2 c.
Canobium, monastic institution : see CENOBITE.
Ccenop olis, ancient town: see KENEII.
Coetne ArtJior (Arthur s quoits), V. 500, 1 c.
Coetus [ko-e -tus], an assembly of the Reformed
Dutch church, XIV. 256, 1 a ; of the Ger
man Reformed, 258, 2 b. Coetus and con-
ferentie controversy, 256, 1 a.
CCEUR, Jacques [kur], French merchant and
royal treasurer, V. 14 ; IV. 287, 1 ab.
Cceur (TAUne [kur da-lain], lake and river, IX.
166, 2 c. Range, 2 a, Mission, V. 14, 1 c ;
IX. 166, 1 c, 168, 2 c.
Cceur de Lion [kur dull le-o ng ]: see RICHARD I.
CCEURS D ALENE [kur], Indian tribe. V. 14.
Coffea AraUca (botany), V. 14, 2 a.
COFFEE, V. 14. Coffee plant, 1 a (ill.). Culti
vation of, 1 ab. History of its use, 15, 1 be.
Preparation and chemical constitution, 2 b.
Use as a beverage, 16, 1 b. Mocha coffee,
2 a; Java, il>. ; Brazilian, 2 b. Statistics,
2 be. Medicinal use, 17, 2 ab. Adultera
tion, 2 c. Origin of the name, IX. 731, 2 b.
COFFEE, three counties, V. 17.
Coffee, Col., affray with the Bentons, IX. 488,
2 b. Defeats the Creek Indians, 489, 1 a.
Coffeeville, county seat, XVI. 768, 2 a.
Coffer dam, V. 650, 1 c (ill.).
Coffer fish : see TRUNK FISH.
COFFEY, county, V. 18.
COFFIN, Sir Isaac, English admiral, V. 18.
COFFIN, James Henry, American mathemati
cian, V. 18.
COGALNICEANO, Michael [ko-gal-nich-ii-a -no],
Roumanian historian and statesman, V. 18.
Cogalnitclianu : see COGALNICEANO.
COGHET TI, Francesco, Italian painter, V. 18.
Cogito, ergo sum : see DESCARTES, VI. 37, 2 b.
COGNAC [ktih-nyak], town of France, V. 19.
COGNATES
COLD
213
Cognac brandy, III. 210, 2 a; IV. 275, 1 b ;
VII. 415, 1 a. Flavoring stuff, III. 210,
2 be.
COGNATES, in law, V. 19.
COGNIARD, Theodore [kuh-nye-ar], French
playwright, V. 19. Hippolyte, ib.
Cog nizance, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 be.
Cognizance, to make: see KEPI.EVIX, XIV.
273, 1 b.
Cognomen: see NAMES, XII. 127, 2 a.
COGNOVIT, in law, V. 19.
COGSWELL, Joseph Green, American scholar,
V. 19. See ASTOR LIBRARY, II. 41, 1 b, c, 2 b.
Cohahuila [ko-a-we -la] : see COAIIUILA.
COHASSET, town of Massachusetts, V. 20.
COHESION, V. 20; I. 158, 2 a, b.
COIIOES [ko-hooz J, city of New York, V. 21.
Cohoes falls, 2 ab ; XI. 700, 2 c. Manufac
tures of, \. 21, 2 c, if.
Co horn: see COEHORN.
Cohorn, mortar, V. 13, 1 c; III. 707, 1 b.
CO HORT, in Roman antiquity, V. 22. Coliors
milliaria, 2 b.
Conosn , plant, V. 22 (ill.). Red and white, 2 c.
COIF, head dress, V. 23.
Coignet, Francois [kwa-nya], concrete of (beton
agglomere), V. 209, 1 b.
Coimbatoor : see COIMBATORE.
COIMBATORE [ko-im-ba-tore J, district of India,
V. 23. Capital, 1 c.
COIMBRA [ko-im -bra ; Port. kwi" s -bra], city of
Portugal, V. 23. University of, 1 a. Plaza
(ill.). Library of founded, I. 297, 2 b.
COIN [ko-een ], town of Spain, V. 23.
Coinage, decimal, proposed and secured by Mr.
Jefferson, IX. 592, 1 be.
Coinage, standard silver for, XV. 48, 2 ab.
Coinage act 0/1873, IV. 201, 2 ab ; V. 27, 2 ab.
Coining press, XL 019, 2 a (ill., 620).
COINS, V. 23. Material of, 24, 1 b. Standard,
2 ab. Form, 25, 1 a. Impressions, 1 b.
American colonial coinage, 2 a; federal, 20,
2 a. Mint established, 2 be. Coinage acts,
#>., ff. Coins of various countries (ills.), 28-
30. Table of coins of different countries, 30,
31. Total U. S. coinage, 32, 1 a. Ancient
coins, 1 b. German, old, VII. 749, 1 c;
new, 2 a, V. 30, 1 e. See MINT, and NU
MISMATICS.
Coir, cocoanut fibre, IV. 791, 1 b; X. 77, 1 c.
COIRE [kwar], town of Switzerland, V. 33.
COIT, Thomas Winthrop, American clergyman
V. 33.
Co ix laclt ryma (botany), IX. 644, 2 b.
[ COJUTEPEC, or Cojutepeque [ko- k hoo-ta-paik ,
-pa -ka], town of San Salvador, V. 33.
COKE, fuel, A r . 33. Superiority of English
coke, 34, 1 ab. Methods of coking, 1 c.
COKE, Natural, V. 35.
COKE, Sir Edward, English jurist, V. 35. Ad
vice to students of law, 2 c. Behavior as a
prosecutor, 36, 1 a. Jealousy of Bacon, 1 ab;
37, 2 be. Integrity and independence as a
judge, 30, 1 c, 2 c, 37, 1 a, ff. Deprived of
his offices, 2 a-b. His commentary on Lit
tleton, 38, 1 a. Resistance to corruption and
tyranny, 1 c. Basis of the habeas corpus
act, 2 be. Petition of right, il>.
COKE, Thomas, first bishop of the Methodist
Episcopal church, V. 39. Deed of declara
tion, 1 ab. Commentary on the Scriptures,
2 a, b, c. Methodist missions administered
by him, XL 042, 2 b.
COKE, Thomas William, earl of Leicester of
Holkham, English agriculturist, V. 40.
Cokings, product of petroleum, XIII. 373, 1 c.
Col., abbreviation on coins, XII. 537, 1 ab.
Cola di Rienzi: see RIENZI.
COLAPOOR , rajahship of India, V. 40. Capital,
1 c,
Colap tes aura tits (ornithology), XVI. 710,
2 a (ill.).
Col de Balnie [kul dull balm], pass in the Alps,
I. 354, 1 be.
COLBERG [kole -bairg], town of Prussia, V. 40.
COLBERT [kole -bert], county, V. 40.
COLBERT, Jean Baptiste, marquis de Seignelay
[kiil-balr], French statesman, V. 40. His
improvement of the condition of France, 2 c ;
XIII. 066, 2 b. Jean Baptiste, marquis de
Seignelay, nis son, V. 41, 1 c.
Colbrand, legendary giant, XVI. 467, 1 c.
COLBURN, Warren [kole -burn], American ma
thematician, V. 41 ; I. 708, 2 b.
COLBURN, Zerah, arithmetical prodigy, V. 41.
COLBY, Thomas, English engineer, V. 42.
Compensation bar, 2 c.
Colby university: see WATERVILLE.
COLCHESTER, borough of England, V. 42. Ben-
1 edictine abbey, 1 b (ill.). St. Botolph s
priory, il). (ill.).
COLCHESTER, county, V. 43.
COLCHESTER, Lord: see ABBOT, Charles.
Coi/cmcuM, plant, V. 43 (ill., 44). Medicinal
use of, 2 c.
COLCHIS [kol -kis], ancient country of Asia,
V. 44.
COLD : see CATARRH.
214
COLD
COLLEGIUM
Cold, absolute: see ATMOSPHERE, II. 83, 1 c.
COLDEX, Cadwallader, American physician and
statesman, V. 44. Cadwallader David, law
yer and legislator, 2 c.
COLD HARBOR, Battles of : see CHICKAHOMINY,
IV. 413, 2 a; 418, 2 c.
Coldingham priory, ruins of, referred to, II.
588, 1 a.
Cold short, in iron making, II. 780, 1 a; IX.
371, 2 ab.
Cold Spring : see CAPE MAY, III. 750, 1 b.
Cold Spring, county seat, XIV. 606, 1 c.
Cold Spring, West Point foundery at, XIII.
128, 1 a.
COLD STREAM, town of Scotland, T. 45. Cold-
stream guards, 1 b.
Cold wall, in the Gulf stream, II. 75, 1 b.
COLD WATER, city of Michigan, V. 45.
COLE, county, Y. 45.
COLE, Thomas, American painter, V. 45. His
" Course of Empire," 46, 1 be ; u Voyage of
Life," 1 c.
COLEBROOKE, Henry Thomas, English oriental
ist, V. 46.
COLEMAX, county, V. 47.
COLEMAX, "William, American journalist, V.
47. Establishment of the " Evening Post,"
newspaper, 2 c.
COLEXSO, John "William, English bishop and
writer, V. 47.
COLEOPTERA [ko-le-op -te-ra] : see BEETLE.
Colepcper, Thomas: see CTLPEPER.
Colepina [ko-le-pl -na], animalcules, I. 515, 1 c.
COLE RAIXE, town of Ireland, V. 48. Cole-
raines, linen, 1 c.
COLE RIDGE, Hartley, English author, V. 48.
COLERIDGE, Henry Nelson, lawyer and author,
V. 48.
COLERIDGE, Sir John Duke, lawyer, V. 40.
COLERIDGE, Sir John Taylor, judge, V. 49.
COLERIDGE, Samuel Taylor, English poet and
philosopher, V. 49. Scheme of pantisocracy,
50, 1 a. Republican and Unitarian, il>.
Preaches his probation sermon to a Uni
tarian congregation, 2 a. Residence in Ger
many, /&; Becomes a royalist and champion
of the established church. 2 b. An opium
eater, ib. His conversational powers, 2 c.
Writings, 50, 1 c; 51, 1 a.
COLERIDGE, Sara, writer, V. 51.
COLES, county, V. 52.
COLES, Cowper Phipps, English naval officer,
V. 52.
COL ET, John, English clergyman, V. 52.
COLET, Louise [kuh-la], French poetess, V. 52.
COLFAX [kole -fax], three counties, V. 53.
Colfax, county seat, VIII. 155, 1 a.
COLFAX, Schuyler, vice president of the United
States, V. 53.
Col du Geant [kul dti zha-a ng ], in the Alps, re
ferred to. VII. 107, 2 c.
Colhuis [kole -wees], Indian race, XI. 472, 1 be.
COL IC, V. 54. Varieties of, 1 b. Treatment,
1 c. Lead colic: see LEAD, X. 246, 2 a. b, c.
Col ica Picto num, disease, X, 246, 2 ah.
COLIGXI, Gaspard de [kuh-le-nye], Huguenot
leader. V. 54 ; II. 348, 1 b, c ; 849, 1 a, ab.
Coligny : see COLIGXI.
COLIMA [ko-le -ma], state of Mexico, V. 55 fill.).
Volcano of, 2 c. Capital city, 56, 1 a.
Coliseum : see COLOSSEUM.
Colise um : see COLOSSEUM.
Collaguas [ko-lya -gwass], ancient. S. American
people, II. 169, 1 c.
COL LAMEK, Jacob, American senator, V. 56.
Collar, in grafting, VIII. 139, 1 c.
Collateral inheritance, in Roman law, VI. 39,
1 a: in English common law. 1 c; in the
United States, 40. 2 ab.
COLLE, Charles [kul-laj, dramatist, V. 56.
COLLE, Raffaellino dal [kol -lil], painter, V. 56.
Collect pond, New York city, XII. 373, 2 c.
COLLEGE, V. 56. Various associations and in
stitutions so called. 1 ab. College? as depart
ments of a university, 57, 2 a, Sion college,
2 c. Mediaeval French colleges, il>. Colleges
of the English universities, 58, 1 a. Fellows
of a college, 1 ab. Halls, 1 be. Gresham col
lege, ib. (see GRESHAM). University of Lon
don, 1 c. Colleges in France. 2 c ; college
of France, ib. In Rome, 59, 1 be. In the
United States, 2 a; tabular list, 60-62.
Representative American college : see Eor-
CATIOX, VI. 426, 1 c.
College of arms : see HERALDRY, VIII. 674. 1 c.
College of civilians : see DOCTORS COMMONS.
College of electors, in Germany, VI. 100, 1 a;
in the United States, XVI. 139, 2 a.
COLLEGE HILL, village of Ohio, V. 63. Farm
er s college, 1 a ; Ohio female college, ib.
College of justice, in Scotland, IX. 516, 1 be;
V. 57, 1 a.
College of the Propaganda, XIV. 28, 2 b. Con
nection of the Jesuits with it, IX. 632, 1 be.
Colle gia opificum, mediaeval --companies of
craftsmen, VIII. 304, 2 be.
Collegium fetialium [fe-se-a -le-um] : see LAW
OF NATIONS, X. 222, 1 b.
COLLEOXI
Colleoni, Bartolommeo, chapel of, II. 555, 1 c.
COL LES, Christopher, American engineer, V.
03.
COL LETON, county, V. G3.
COLLETOX, James, colonial governor, V. 63.
COLLET TA, Pietro, Italian patriot, V. 03.
COLLIER, Arthur, English clergyman and phi
losopher, Y. 03.
COLLIER, Jeremy, English clergyman mid au
thor, V. 04.
COLLIER, John Payne, English author, V. 04.
Colliers of England, condition of, V. 05, 2 b-e.
COLLIERY, V. 04. Illustrations: Summit hill,
Mauch Chunk mountain, 65 ; mammoth coal
bed, ib. ; old Baltimore mines, ib. ; English
coal measures and un conformable rock, 00;
Alleghany coal measures, 07; incline and
drifts, ib. ; plications of anthracite measures
near Pottsville, Pa., 08 ; drift, with dip and
strike of inclining coal beds, ib. ; slope, tun
nel, and breaker, ib. ; slip dike, 69 ; change
of horizon, ib. ; " trouble " volcanic forma
tions, ib. ; section of slope, ib. ; Pennsylvania
anthracite shaft, 70; English circular shaft,
ib. ; travelling rods, 71 ; safety shield and
platform, 72 ; underground mining pump,
73. Table of British mining districts, 74, b ;
of accidents in British mines, 1 c.
Collimation : see TRANSIT CIRCLE, XV. 844,
2 c, 845, 2 b.
Collirnator, floating, IX. 772, 1 a (!VATER).
COLLIX, county, V. 75.
COLLIX, town : see KOLIX.
COLLIXGWOOD, town of Canada, V. 75.
COLLIXGWOOD, suburb of Melbourne, V. 75.
COLLIXGWOOD, Cuthbert, lord, admiral, V. 75.
COLLIXS, Anthony, English philosophical and
skeptical writer, V. 70.
COLLIXS, Charles Allston, English painter and
author, V. 70.
COLLIXS, Isaac, American printer and publisher,
V. 76.
COLLIXS, William, English poet, V. 70.
COLLIXS, William, painter, V. 77.
COLLIXS, William Wilkie, novelist, Y. 77.
COLLIXSOX, Peter, English botanist, V. 77.
Collinsonia, genus of plants, V. 77, 2 ab.
Colliquatue diarrhcea, Y. 283, 2 c.
COLLX, Georg Friedrich Wilibald Ferdinand
von [fon koln], German author, Y. 77.
Collocalia (ornithology), XY. 520, 2 b. C.
esculenta, ib. (ill.).
Gollodio- bromide process, in photography, XIII.
471, 2 c.
COLOMBIA
215
COLLODIOX, adhesive substance, Y. 77. Use in
photography, 78, 1 c ; in medicine, ib.
Collodion process, in photography, XIII. 470,
1 c; 471, 1 a.
Collodium : see COLLODIOX.
Col loids, in chemistry, YI. 71, 1 c.
COLLOMBET, Francois Zenon [kuh-l6 ng -ba],
French author, Y. 78.
COLLOREDO [kol-lo-ra -do], noble family of Aus
tria, Y. 78.
Cottoredo-Mansfeld: see COLLOREDO, V. 70,1 b.
Colloredo-Mels and Waldsee : see COLLOREDO,
Y. 79, 1 a.
Colloredo- Wallscc : see COLLOREDO, Y. 78, 2 c.
COLLOT D HERBOIS, Jean Marie [kuh-lO diiir-
bwa], French revolutionist, Y. 79.
Colly rio lorcalis (ornithology), III. 480, 2 be.
C. Ludovicianus, 2 c ; 487, 1 c.
COLMAX, Benjamin [kole -man], American cler
gyman, Y. 79.
COLMAX, George, the elder, English dramatist,
Y. 80. George, the younger, dramatist, 1 c.
COLMAX, Henry, American clergyman and au
thor, Y. 80.
COLMAR [kole -mar], city of Alsace, Y. 80.
COLXE [koln], town of England, Y. 80. River,
2c.
Colne, river of Essex, England : see COLCHESTER.
Colne Ccaster, Y. 43, 2 ab (COLCHESTER).
Col olm (zoology), XI. 752, 1 be. C. poly-
comus, ib.
Colocasium csculentum (botany), III. 502, 1 c.
COLOCO LO, a variety of cat, Y. 80 (ill., 81).
COLOCOTRO XIS, Theodoros, Greek general.
Y. 81.
COI/OCYXTII, a fruit, Y. 81. Plant, 2 a (ill.).
Use in medicine, ib.
Colocyntliine [kol-o-sin -thin], bitter substance,
Y. 81, 2 a.
COLOGNE [ko-lone ; Fr. kuh-lony ], city of
Prussia, V. 81. Cathedral, 82, 2 a (ill.) : IY.
118, 1 c. Altarpiece, VI. 130, 2 c. Fac
simile of the original design : see MOLLER.
Modern architect of: see ZWIRXER. His
tory of Cologne, Y. 82, 1 c.
Cologne spirit, VI. 144, 2 c. See WHISKEY,
XVI. 597, 2 b.
COLOGNE WATER: see EAU DE COLOGNE.
COLOMBIA, United States of, republic of South
America, V. 83. Coasts, 2 a. Topography,
2 b. Map, 84. Hydrography, 85, 1 b.
Geology, 2 b. Minerals, 80, 1 ab. Climate,
1 be. Flora, 2 a. Fauna, 2 b. People, 2 c.
Industries, 87, 1 b. Commerce, 1 c. Inter-
216
COLOMBINA
COLQUHOUN
communication, 2 b. Education, 2 c. Gov
ernment, 88, 1 a. Religion, 1 b. Army,
il>. Finances, ib. Aborigines, 1 c. His
tory, 2 c. See BOLIVAR.
Colomlina : see HARLEQUIN, VIII. 463, 2 a.
Colombine [ko-lom -bin], bitter principle, V.
122, 2 c.
COLOMBO, capital of Ceylon, Y. 90. Cathe
dral (ill.).
Colombretes : see COLUMBEETES.
Colommen, pigeon, IV. 27, 2 a.
COLON [ko-lone J, town: see ASPINWALL.
CO LON, intestine, V. 90.
Colon, in punctuation, XIV. 88, 2 a, b.
Colo ni: see SERF, XIV. 774, 1 a and be, 2 c.
Colonia Agrippina, ancient name of Cologne,
I. 209, 1 a; V. 82, 2 c.
Colonia Glevum, VIII. 38, 1 a (GLOUCESTER).
Colonia Patricia, V. 348, 1 b (CORDOVA).
Colonia powder, VII. 38, 1 a.
Colonia Serltinum, VII. 528, 1 c (FUNFKIRCIIEN).
Colonization : see COLONY.
COLONIZATION SOCIETY, V. 91. Colony of j
Liberia, 2 c. Its independence acknowl
edged, 92, 1 b.
COLONNA, a princely family of Italy, V. 92.
Fabrizio, lord high constable of Naples, 2 a.
Prospero, general, ib. Vittoria, poetess, 2 b.
Marc Antonio, duke of Paliano, viceroy of
Sicily, 93, 1 a. Fabio, botanist, ib. Treat
ment of the family by Boniface VIII., III.
C6, 1 b.
Colonna, Ottone (Pope Martin V.), XI. 208,
2 ab.
COL ONSAY, island, Hebrides, V. 93. Little
Colorisay, 1 b.
COLONY, V. 93. Phoenician colonization, 1 be;
Greek, 1 c; Roman, 2 a; Genoese and Vene
tian, 2 b ; Portuguese, il). ; Spanish, 2 c ;
Dutch, 94, 1 b; Danish, 2 a; French, 2 b;
English, 95, 1 a; American, 2 a.
Colony of the Bay Islands, III. 24, 1 b.
COLOPHON, ancient city of Asia Minor, V. 95.
Oracle of, XII. 600, 1 c.
Colophony, kind of rosin, XIV. 441, 2 b ;
XVI. 77, 2 a.
COLOR, V. 95. Sir David Brewster s theory of
the cause of, 96, 1 c; 97, 1 a, b. Undulatory
theory, 2 c. Complementary colors, 97, 1 c.
Subjective or accidental colors, 2 be. Match
ing of colors, 99, 1 a. Sir Isaac Newton s
theory of colors, XII. 347, 2 a.
COLORADO [kel-o-ra -do], territory of the United
States (made a state 1876), V. 99. Popula
tion, 2 a. Indians, ib. Topography, 2 c;
the plains, 100, 2 ab ; the divide, 2 b ; the
park system, 2 c. Rivers, 101, 1 c. Geolo
gy, 102, 1 ab. Minerals, 2 a ; gold produc
tion, ib. ; silver, 103, 1 ab ; iron, &c., 2 a.
Climate, 2 be. Soil arid productions, 104,
1 b. Manufactures, 2 c. Intercommunica
tion, 105, 1 a. Government, 1 c. Educa
tion, 2 b. Religious denominations, 2 c.
History, 106, 1 a.
COLORADO, county, V. 100.
COLORADO, river of Texas, V. 106.
COLORADO, Rio Colorado, or Colorado River
of the West, V. 106. Canons of the, 107,
1 a ; first descent, 2 c. Exploration of the
Colorado valley, 108, 1 b.
COLORADO, river of South America, V. 108.
Colorado City, county seat, VI. 553, 1 c.
Colorado desert, III. 600, 2 ab ; XIV. 598, 2 c.
Colorado potato beetle : see POTATO BUG.
Colorado range, V. 100. 1 a.
COLOR-BLINDNESS, V. 108. Cause of, 109, 1 c.
Colored soldiers, first enlisted in the federal
army, X. 494, 2 c.
Colored spaces, in telescopes, irrationality of
the, XV. 628, 1 a.
COLORIM ETER, instrument, V. 109.
Color lines, in gem engraving, VII. 664, 1 c.
Colors, substantive, VI. 339, 2 ab ; adjective,
2 b ; fugitive, 2 c ; fast, ib.
" Colors," artists name of paints, XII. 804,
2 b. Artists colors, 805, 1 b.
Colors, in Hags, VII. 249, 1 b.
COLOS S.E, ancient city of Phrygia, A 7 . 110.
COLOSSE UM, amphitheatre in Rome, V. 110
(ill.); I. 440, 1 c; XIV. 411, 2 c. Scene of
the martyrdom of the early Christians, V.
Ill, 1 a. Attempt to erect in it a manufac
tory of saltpetre, 1 c. Preserved by conse
cration to the memory of the martyrs, il>.
COLOSSIANS, Epistle to the, V. in.
Colossochelys atlas [ko-los-so-ke -lis], fossil tor
toise, XV. 666, 1 b; 812, 2 be.
COLOSSUS, gigantic statue, V. 111. Colossus
of Rhodes, 2 b. Other ancient colossi, 2 c.
Modern colossi, 112, 1 ab ; II. 267, 2 c (statue
of Arminius, completed 1875).
Colostrum : see MILK, XL 542, 2 be.
COLOT, Laurent [kuh-lo], French surgeon, V.
112.
Colporteur [kol-pore -ter], itinerant missionary,
XV. 831, 2 c.
Colqulwun, J. C. [ko-hoon ], author : see AN
IMAL MAGNETISM, I. 526, 2 c.
COLQTIHOUN
COLYMBUS
217
COLQUHOUN, Patrick, British author, V. 112.
Colquit, county seat, XL 551, 1 c.
OOLQUITT, county, V. 112.
COLT, Samuel, American inventor, V. 112. His
armory, 113, 1 a. Colt s revolving pistol,
XIII. 545, 1 a (ill.).
COLTOX, Caleb Charles, English writer, V. 113.
COLTON, Calvin, American clergyman and wri
ter, V. 113.
COLTON, Walter, American clergyman and wri
ter, V. 113.
COLTSFOOT, herb, V. 114 (ill.).
COL UBER, genus of serpents, V. 114. C. ^Es-
culapii, 2 b. C. constrictor or C. basca-
nion, II. 084, 1 a. C. cximius, IV. 420, 2 a
(ill.). C. gnttatus, V. 308, 2 b (ill.).
COLU GO : see FLYING LEMUE.
Columba (ornithology), XIII. 504, 1 b. C.
livia, 1 c ; variety of, IV. 27, 2 a. C. paluin-
bus, XIII. 505, 1 b (ill.). C. cenas, &c., 1 c, ff.
COLUMBA, Saint, apostle of Caledonia, V. 114.
Removal of his relics, VI. 316, 1 be. Mo
nastic colonies established by him, XL 729,
2 be. See IOXA, IX. 329, 1 a.
COLUMBA NUS, Saint, V. 115. Monastic institu
tions founded by him, XL 729, 2 c.
Columbaria, ancient city : see COLMAK.
Columbaria, for the dead, III. 458, 2 a.
COLUMBIA, seven counties, V. 110.
COLUMBIA, city of Pennsylvania, V. 117.
COLUMBIA, capital of South Carolina, V. 117.
Burning of the city, 2 a : see further, 237, 2 a.
COLUMBIA, town of Tennessee, V. 118.
COLUMBIA, village of Missouri, V. 118.
Columbia, county seats, I. 79, 2 a; III. 83, 1 a;
577, 1 b; XL 108, 2 c; 293, 2 c; XVI. 99, 2 a.
COLUMBIA, British : see BRITISH COLUMBIA.
COLUMBIA, District of: see DISTRICT OF CO
LUMBIA.
Columbia City, county seat, XVI. 009, 2 be.
COLUMBIA COLLEGE, New York, V. 118 (ill.,
119). Law school, 119, 2 a. School of mines,
2 c. History, 120, 1 c.
Columbiad, gun, I. 790, 2 a; III. 708, 2 a,
709, 2 ab (ill.).
Columbia market, London, X. 013, 2 c.
COLUMBIAN A, county, V. 122.
Columbiana, county seat, XIV. 841, 2 b.
Columbian university, Washington, D. C., XVI.
481, 2 a.
COLUMBIA RIVER, N". W. America, V. 121.
ColumlVna (ornithology), XIII. 504, 1 b.
COLUMBIUM, metal, V. 122.
Columb-Kille; see COLUMBA.
COLUMBO, medicinal root, V. 122. American
columbo, 2 c.
Colwmbo, city : see COLOMBO.
COLUMBRETES [ko-loom-bra -tace], group of
Spanish islands, V. 122.
COLUMBUS, county, V. 123.
COLUMBUS, city of Georgia, V. 123.
COLUMBUS, city of Mississippi, V. 123.
COLUMBUS, town of Kentucky, V. 123.
COLUMBUS, capital of Ohio, V. 123.
Columbus, county seats, II. 347, 1 c ; IV. 378,
1 a; V. 100, 2 a; XIII. 079, 1 b.
COLUMBUS, Christopher, discoverer of America,
V. 125. Residence in Porto Santo, 2 ab.
His theory of a western route to India, 2 b.
Encouraged by Toscanelli the cosmographer,
120, 1 a; his map, 1 b. Application for
aid to Genoa and to Portugal, 1 be ; to Spain,
2 ab. Terms of contract with Ferdinand and
Isabella, 127, 2 a. His first voyage, 128, 1 a.
Land descried, 2 b. Reception in Spain, 129,
1 ab. Discovery of the Windward islands,
&c., 1 b. Third voyage, 1 c. Curried to
Spain in chains, ib. See BOBADILLA. Last
days and death, 2 b. His remains, 2 c ;
XIV. 024, 2 a. First printed biographical
sketch of him, VII. 827, 1 a. Claims to a
prior discovery of America : see BEHAIM,
MADOC, NOETIIMEX, and ZEXO, Xicolo and
Antonio. His descendants, V. 130, 1 a.
Bartolommeo, his elder brother, 1 be.
Columella, of a univalve shell, V. 201, 1 b ; in
the organ of hearing in reptiles, V. 179, 1 ab.
COLUMELLA, Lucius Junius Moderatus, Roman
agricultural writer, V. 130.
Column, Doric, I. 050, 1 b ; Ionic, 057, 1 c ;
Corinthian, 2 c.
Columna lactaria : see FOUNDLING HOSPITAL,
VII. 340, 2 ab.
Column of July, in Paris, XIII. 81, 2 a.
Column Vendome, in Paris, XIII. 81, 2 a. De
struction of, V. 100, 1 be; 427, 1 ab, b ; XIV.
103, 1 ab. Reconstruction of, ib. ; XIII. 93,
1 be.
Colure , equinoctial : see EQUATOR, VI. 099, 1 c.
COLU SA, county, V. 130.
Colma, county seat, V. 130, 2 c.
COLWELL, Stephen, American merchant and
author, V. 130. On political economy, XIII.
078, 1 a.
COLZA OIL : see RAPE, a plant.
Colymlus (ornithology), VI. 152, 1 b. C. gla-
cialis, 1 c (ill.). C. arcticus, 153, 1 a, C.
septentrionalis, 1 b (ill., 152).
218
COMA
COMMON
COMA, V. 131 ; I. 453, 1 a. Coma vigil, Y. 131,
1 e. Coma somnolentmn, 2 a.
Coma, cometic haze of light, Y. 140, 2 ab.
Co ma Berenices, constellation, II. 552, 2 a.
COMACCHIO [ko-mak -kyo], town of Italy, Y. 131.
Fish culture at, VII. 217, 1 c, 2 a; 228, 1 c.
COMAL , county, Y. 131.
COMA XA, ancient city of Cappadocia, Y. 131 ;
III. 116, 1 a. Of Pontus, Y. 131, 2 c. Priests
and kings of: see ARCIIELAUS, I. 647, 2 ab.
COMAX CHE, two counties, V. 131.
Comanche, county seat, Y. 132, 1 a.
COMAXCHES, Indian tribe, Y. 132 (ill.). Staked
Plain Comancbes, 2 b.
Comatu la, crinoid, referred to, XV. 320, 2 c.
COMAYAGUA [ko-ma-y& -gwa], department of
Honduras, Y. 132. Capital of Honduras,
133, la (view).
COMB, Y. 133. Ancient combs, 1 c. Materials,
2 b, c. Tortoise-shell combs, how made, 2 b.
COMBACO XUM, city of British India, V. 133.
Great gopura, or gate pyramid, 134, 1 be (ill.).
COMBALOT, Theodore, abbe [k6" s -ba-io], French
author, Y. 134.
COMBE, George, Scottish phrenologist, V. 134.
Abraham, socialist, 2 c. Andrew, physician,
135, 1 a.
COMBEEMERE, StapletonCotton,viscount [koam -
ber-mere], British soldier, Y. 135. Storming
of Bhurtpoor, II. 606, 1 b.
COMBES, Edmond [ko ng b], French traveller, Y.
135.
COMBINATIONS, Theory of, in mathematics, Y.
135. Processes, 2 a. Its applications, 2 b.
Combining proportion, chemical, VI. 700. 2 c.
Combining volumes, in chemistry, IV. 366, 1 be.
COMBUSTION", Y. 135. Phlogistic theory, 130,
1 ab. Antiphlogistic theory, 1 c. Theory
of latent heat, il. Effect of solar light on
combustion, 137, 1 be.
COMBUSTION, Spontaneous, Y. 137. Human
spontaneous combustion, 138, 1 c.
Com cdon, a tubercle, VI. 694, 2 c.
COMEDY : see DKAMA.
Comejen [ko-ma- k hain ], insect, IV. 34, 1 b.
COMEXIUS, John Amos, Moravian educational
reformer, Y. 139.
Comes [ko -meez] : see COUNT and SHERIFF.
Comes palatii, medieval judicial officer, XII.
818, 1 a. C. palatinus, count palatine, ib.
COMET, V. 140. Ilalley s comet, 1 c; VIII.
404, 1 b. Drawings of comets, V. 140, 2 c.
Meteor systems of August and November.
141, 1 b. Biela s comet, 1 a ; II. 628, 1 a!
Encke s, V. 141, 1 c; VI. 592, 1 be. Do-
nati s, V. 140, 1 c : see DOXATI.
" Come to nature, 1 1 in iron manufacture, IX.
400, 1 a.
COMFEEY [knm -fre], plant, V. 141 (ill.).
COMIXES, Philippe de [dub ko-meen], French
statesman and historian, V. 141.
COMITAN , town of Mexico, V. 142.
COMITIA, Roman assemblies, V. 142.
Comitium, origin of the name, XI Y. 419, 1 a.
Comitlan : see COMITAN.
Commander : see COMMAXDERY.
Commander of the faithful, title first assumed,
XII. 626, 2 a,
Commanderia [kom-man-da-re -a], vineyard of
the, V. 616, 1 c.
Commander s islands, I. 274, 2 o.
COMMANDERY, feudal benefice, Y. 143. Among
the knights of Malta, 1 b.
Commendams (appointments in commcndam},
case of the : see COKE, V. 37, 1 b.
Commendation, in feudal law, VII. 160, 2 c.
" Commercial Advertiser, 1 1 newspaper of New
York, established, I. 1 38, 2 b ; XVI. 533, 2 b.
Commercial schools : see EDUCATION, VI. 430, 2 b.
Commissarius, a Roman magistrate, XVI. 229,
2 ab.
Commission, in the Scottish Presbyterian
church, XIII. 809, 1 c.
Commission, the great seal put in : see CHAN
CELLOR, IV. 254, 1 c.
Commissioner s Salt Pan, a pond in Cape
Colony, III. 744, 1 a.
Commission merchant, VII. 54, 1 c.
Commissures, of the brain, III. 192, 2 b ; in
radiates, XII. 234, 1 b.
Co7nmodianus, Latin Christian poet, X. 199, 1 b.
COMMODORE, naval officer, Y. 143.
COM MODUS ANTONI NUS, Lucius Aurelius, Ro
man emperor, Y. 143.
COMMON, Rights of, Y. 143. Common of pis- !
cary, 2 b ; of pasturage, il>. ; appurtenant, j
2 c ; because of vicinage, 144, 2 ab ; in
gross, 2 b. Right of common in the United
States, ib.
Common biliary duct, X. 538, 1 b.
COMMON CARRIER, Y. 144. His obligations,
145, 1 a ; liabilities, 1 b. Character of de
livery to be made by him, 2 b. Common
carriers of persons, 146, 1 a. See XVI. 451,
1 b, and FORWARDING MERCHANT.
Commoners, at Oxford university, XII. 764, 1 b.
COMMON LAW, Y. 146. Development of it,
147, 1 b. Collections of Saxon laws, 148,
COMMON
1 ab. Extent of the change in laws made
by the Normans, 2 a ; in regard to real es
tate, ib. ; jurisdiction of ecclesiastical courts
increased, 2 c ; foreign canon law introduced,
149, 1 c. Constitutions of Clarendon, 2 a.
Settlement of the canon law in England, 2 b.
Primogeniture, 2 c. Influence of the civil
law on personal property and contracts, 150,
1 b. Growth of the common law, 1 c.
Jurisdiction of courts of admiralty, 151,
1 a. Modern English commercial law, 1 be.
Principles which distinguish common law
from other systems, 1 c. Mode in which it
has been promulgated, 152, 2 be.
Common law procedure act, XIII. 608, 1 c.
COMMON PRAYER, Book of, V. 152. Revision
of the existing service books ordered by
Henry VIII., 153, 1 c. First service book
of Edward VI., sources of, 2 a. Adoration
of the sacrament abolished in it, X. 35, 1 c
(Kxox). Opposed by the more radical re
formers, V. 153, 2 c. Hampton Court con
ference, 154, 2 a. Savoy conference, 2 be.
Prayer book in Scotland, 155, 1 ab ; in Ire
land, 1 c ; in America before the war of
independence, 2 b. Translated into Italian,
II. 44T, 2 a ; into Irish, 2 b. American
Book of Common Prayer, V. 150, 1 c.
Common recovery, form of legal proceeding,
VI. 737, 2 b.
COMMOX SCHOOLS, V. 150. In ancient states,
157, 1 a. In Roman Catholic countries, 1 b.
In Protestant German states, 1 c. In Scot
land, 2 be. In the United States, 2 c.
COMMONS, House of: see PARLIAMENT.
COMMUNE DE PARIS [kum-mtin diih pil-re], rev
olutionary committee of 1780, V. 100; IX.
500, 1 ab. Revolutionary government of
1871, V. 100, 2 c. Resistance to the na
tional government begun, 101, 2 ab. Force
resolved upon by the government, 102, 1 b.
Fraternization of the government troops
with the communists, 2 b. The communists
masters of Paris, 163, 1 a. Their triumph
at the municipal elections, 2 c. They move
upon Versailles, 104, 2 b. Offensive opera
tions begun by government, 165, 2 b ; 160,
2 a. Condition of Paris under Cluseret,
100, 1 a. Incendiarism, 100, 1 a. Final
struggle, 2 a.
Communes, privileges of in the middle ages :
see SERF, XIV. 775, 1 be.
Communion, church, II. 202, 1 c ; X. 630.
2ab.
COMPITALIA
219
Communion service: see LORD S SUPPER, X.
638, 1 a.
COMMUNISM : see SOCIALISM, and BLANC, Jean
Joseph Louis.
Communities, war of the, I. 132, 1 a.
COMNE NUS, Byzantine family, V. 170 ; I. 244,
2 c. See ALEXIS I., emperor of Trebizond ;
ALEXIS I., of Constantinople ; ISAAC I., By
zantine emperor ; ISAAC II. ; ANDRONICUS
(I., Comnenus) ; MANUEL (I., Comnenus) ;
ANNA COMNENA; and BYZANTINE EMPIRE,
III. 516, 2 a, ab.
COMO, province of Italy, V. 170. Capital city,
2 c ; view, 171. Lake of, 1 a.
CO MONFORT, Ygnacio, Mexican statesman, V.
171. Provisional president, 172, 1 a; con
stitutional, 1 b. Expelled, 1 c. Murdered, ib.
COM ORIN, Cape : see CAPE OOMORIN.
COMORN , county of Hungary, V. 172. Capital,
2 a. Fortress of, ib.
COM ORO ISLES, Mozambique channel, V. 172.
I Company, of infantry, X. 200, 1 b; 270, 2 a;
272, 1 c ; 273, 1 a."
Company of the Indies, French, X. 217, 2 b.
Company of the Mississippi, French, X. 677, 2 c.
Company of royal adventurers of England
trading to Africa, VIII. 88, 1 c.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, V. 172, and I. 400,
1 be. Skeleton, V. 173, 1 a. Form, 175,
2 b. Nervous system, 176, 2 b. Organs of
special sense, 177, 2 ab ; touch, 2 b ; taste,
178, 1 b ; smell, 2 ab ; hearing, 2 c ; sight,
170, 1 c. Organs of alimentation and diges
tion, 180, 1 ab. External covering, 183, 1 c.
History, 185, 1 b. Supposed founder of the
science, II. 510, 1 c (BELON).
Comparative grammar : see LANGUAGE, X. 140,
2 b ; 140, 2 b.
Comparative zoology, museum of at Harvard,
VIII. 400, 1 ab.
COMPASS, mariner s, V. 186 (ill.). For land
surveying, 187, 1 be. Variation in ships,
188, 1 a.
COMPASS, Solar, V. 188 (ill.).
Compass courses, in navigation, XII. 180, 2 b.
Compass plant, XV. 46, 2 a.
Compensation lar: see COLBY, Thomas, V. 42,
2 c ; COAST SURVEY, IV. 758, 1 c.
Compensation pendulums, IV. 607, 2 a.
i COMPIEGNE [ko ng -pyain], town of France, V.
180. Palace, 2 a (ill.).
I Compignano, countess of [kom-pe-nya -no],
(Elisa Bonaparte Bacciochi), III. 25, 2 c.
I COMPIT/VLIA, Roman festival, V. 180.
220
COMPLETE
CONCORD
Complete protection system, in iron-clad ships,
IX. 386, 1 b.
COMPLEXION, V. 189. Color of the negro,
2 c, if. Changes of color in whites, 190,
1 a; in negroes, 2 b. Pigment cells, 191,
1 b. Influence of light and heat, 192, 1 a.
Blumenbach s division of mankind, 193, 2 a ;
Pickering s, 2 b. Albinos, 2 c. Influence
of race, 194, 1 ab. Conclusions, 1 c.
COMPLINE [korn -plin], in the Catholic breviary,
V. 194.
COMPLUTEXSIAX POLYGLOT : SCO BlBLE, II. 610,
2 c ; POLYGLOT, XIII. 687, 1 c. Referred to,
I. 259, 2 b ; XVI. 758, 1 c.
Complutum, ancient town, I. 259, 2 b (ALCALA
DE HENARES) ; II. 610, 2 c.
Composing and distributing machines : see
PRINTING, XIII. 848, 2 be.
Composing stick, in printing, XIII. 847, 2 c.
COMPOSITE ORDER [kom-poz -it], in architec
ture, V. 194; I. 659, 2 b (ill., 656).
Composition, in printing, XIII. 846, 2 c ; 847,
2c.
Compositor: see PRINTING, XIII. 846, 2 c.
COMPOUND BLOWPIPE : see BLOWPIPE.
COMPRESSIBILITY, of matter, V. 194.
Compromise (Clay s), on slavery, II. 543, 1 b;
IV. 655, 2 a. On the tariff, IV. 654, 2 a.
Compromise system: see TOWN, XV. 828, 1 ab.
COMPTON, county of Canada, V. 195.
Compton, county seat, V. 195, 1 b.
COMPTON, Henry, English prelate, V. 195.
Comptonia asplenifolia (botany), II. 407, 1 c.
COM PURGATORS, in Saxon law, V. 195; IX.
721, 2 be, 722, 2 a.
COMSTOCK, John Lee, M. D. [kum -stok], Amer
ican author, V. 195.
Comstock lode or ledge, VIII. 91, 2 b; XII.
265, 2 b ; XV. 56, 2 c.
COMTAT-VENAISSIN [k6 ng -ta-vuh-na-sa ng ], terri
tory of France, V. 195.
COMTE, Auguste [ko ng t], French philosopher,
V. 195. His scheme of thought, 196, 1 c.
See PHILOSOPHY, XIII. 444, 1 c.
COMUS, in mythology, V. 197.
Comus, M. [kiih-mus], his automaton group,
II. 155, 1 c.
Comynes : see COMINES.
Conajee Angria, Mahratta chieftain, VII. 792,
1 c.
Co nant, Roger: see SALEM, XIV. 562, 2 c.
CONANT, Thomas Jefferson, American Biblical
scholar and author, V. 197. Hannah Chap
lin, author, 1 c.
Conca d Oro, site of Palermo, XII. 819, 2 c.
CON CAX, North and South, maritime tract of
British India, V. 197.
Concealment, in insurance, IX. 317, 1 ab.
Concelelra re (Lat., to celebrate together): see
MASS, XI. 244, 1 c.
CONCENTAINA [kone-tliam-tl -na], town of
Spain, V. 197.
Concentrators, dry, in metallurgy, XI. 422, 1 c.
CONCEPTION [Sp. kone-thaip-the-oan ], prov
ince of Chili, V. 198. Capital, 1 a.
Conceptas [kone-thaip -tass], school of, in Span
ish literature, XV. 221, 2 c.
Conception : see OBSTETRICS, XII. 568, 2 c.
Concertina [kon-ser-te -na], reed instrument,
XIV. 242, 2 ab.
CONCH [konk], shell, A 7 ". 1 JS. Use of in place
of dinner bells, 1 c.
CONCHA, Jose de la [kone -cha], marquis of
Havana, Spanish soldier and statesman, V.
198. Manuel de la, marquis of Douro, 2 b.
CONCHAS, river : see CONCIIOS.
CONCIIIFERA [kon-kif-e-ra], bivalve mollosks,
V. 198 (ills., 199).
CON CHO, county, V. 199.
Concnoderma auri ta [kon-ko-der -ma], crusta
cean (ill.), IV. 612, 1 b.
CONCIIOLOGY [kon-kol -o-je], V. 199. Com
position and growth of shells, 200, 1 a ;
forms, 2 a; textures, 2b; colors, 201, la.
Univalves, 1 b (ills.). Bivalves, 2 ab (ill.).
Fossils, 202, 2 c. Number of species, 203,
1 b. Uses, ib. Prices of rare shells, 1 c.
CONCIIOS [kone -choce], river of Mexico, V. 203.
Concilium regis, and concilium sccreturn, of
English kings: see STAB CHAMBER, XV. 319,
2 b ; XIII. 114, 1 a.
Concilium Tridentinum: see TRENT, Council of.
| CONCINI, Concino de [kon-che -nej : see AN-
CRE, Marshal d ,
CON CLATE, for the election of a pope, V. 203.
Ceremonial observed in it, 204, 1 c.
Conclusion, in logic, X. 579, 1 a.
Concomitance, in theology, X. 638, 2 be.
CONCORD [kong -kurd], capital of New Hamp
shire, V. 205. State house, 1 c (ill.).
CONCORD, town of Massachusetts, V. 206. Bat
tle of, 2 a. Settlement of: see BULKLEY,
Peter.
Concord, county seat, III. 522, 2 c.
Con cord, ancient symbols of, V. 208, 1 c.
Concord, temple of at Agrigentum, I. 208,
1 a (ill.).
"Concord, Book of," X. 731, 1 c.
CONCORDANCE
CONCORDANCE, V. 207. Concordances of the
Bible, 1 a. Concordance to Shakespeare,
2c; IV. 041, 2ab; XIV. 821, 1 b.
Concordantia Ducordantium Canonum, re
ferred to, V. 753, 1 a.
CONCOR DAT, ecclesiastical treaty of the pope
with princes and governments, V. 207. See
CANON LAW, III. 719, 2 c. Between Calix-
tus II. and the emperor Henry V., X. 183,
2b; between Leo X. and Francis I., VII.
578, 1 c; between Napoleon I. and Pins
VII., 2 b ; between Pius VII. and Louis
XVIII., 2 be ; between Pius IX. and Aus
tria, II. 148, 1 a, 151, 1 a, 152, 1 a.
Concorde, Place de la [plus diih la ko ng -kord],
in Paris, XIII. 80, 1 b.
CONCOEDIA, parish of Louisiana, V. 208.
CONCORDIA, a divinity, A r . 208 (ill.).
Concordia, county seat, IV. 709, 1 b.
CONCORDLE FORMULA, Lutheran symbolical
book, V. 208.
Coneorrezenses, mediaeval sect, IV. 110, 1 b
(CATHAHISTS) ; I. 243, 2 b (ALBANENSES).
CON CRETE, hardening composition for struc
tures, V. 208. Materials, 2 c. Coignet s
process, 209, 1 b. Construction of the mole
of Algiers, 2 b. Foundations of the East
river bridge, 210, 1 c. Ransome s artificial
stone, 2 ab. Other artificial stones, 211,
1 b.
CONCU BINAGE, V. 211. Among the ancients,
2 b ; in Rome, 2 c ; in the church, 212,
1 be; in Germany, 1 c; in France, 2 a; in
China, 2 b ; in Japan, 2 c.
CONDAMINE, Charles Marie de la [la ko ng -da-
meen], French geographer, V. 212.
Conda te, ancient town, XIV. 271, 1 be.
CONDE [ko n -da], two towns of France, V. 213.
Conde-sur-TEscaut [-siir-les-ko], 1 b. Conde-
sur-Noireau [-siir-nwa-ro], 1 be.
CONDE, name of a younger branch of the
Bourbon family, V. 213. Louis I. de Bour
bon, prince de, 1 c. Henri I. de Bourbon,
prince de, 2 a. Henri II. de Bourbon, prince
de, 2 be. Louis II. de Bourbon (the great
Conde), 214, 1 a. Henri Jules de Bour
bon, prince de, 215, 1 a. Louis III. de
Bourbon, duke de Bourbon -Conde, 1 ab.
Louis Henri de Bourbon, duke de Bourbon
and Enghien: see BOURBON, Louis Henri.
Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Conde,
1 be. Louis Henri Joseph de Bourbon, duke
de Bourbon and last prince de Conde : see
BOURBON, Louis Henri Joseph. Louise Ade"-
CONFARREATION
221
laide de Bourbon, 215. 2 a. House of Con
de referred to, III. 157, 1 b.
CONDE, Jose Antonio [kone -Ma], Spanish ori
entalist and historian, V. 215.
Conde, princess de (niece of Richelieu and wife
of the great Conde), place of her imprison
ment, IV. 334, 2 c.
Condenser, in a steam engine, XV. 341, 2 c.
For sulphuric acid, 459, 2 a.
Condenser, achromatic, in a microscope, XL
519, 1 b. Bull s-eye condenser, 2 b.
Condensers, electric, VI. 509, 2 a (ill.); XI. 17,
1 a.
Condensing glasses, in a telescope, XV. 622, 2 b.
CONDER, Josiah, English publisher and author,
V. 215.
CONDILLAC, Etienne Bonnot de [ko" g -de-yak],
French philosopher, V. 210. See MORAL
PHILOSOPHY, XL 812,
PHILOSOPHY,
XIII. 441, 2 a, 444, 1 a. His power of rea
soning in sleep, VI. 254, 2 c.
Conditional baptism, II. 291, 1 a.
Condivicnum, ancient town : see NANTES.
CONDOM [ko ng -d6 ng ], town of France, V. 210.
Bishop of: see BOSSUET, III. 115, 1 a.
CONDOR, bird, V. 217 (ill.).
CONDORCET, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Cari-
tat, marquis de [ko ng -dor-sa], French savant
and author, V. 218. See MORAL PHILOSO
PHY, XI. 812, 2 b. His power of reasoning
in sleep, VI. 254, 2 c. Marie Louise Sophie
dc, author, V. 219, 1 c.
CONDOTTIERI [kon-dot-te-a -re], mediaeval lead
ers of mercenaries, V. 219.
Conductors and non-conductors: see ELEC
TRICITY, VI. 501, 1 be ; GALVANISM, VII.
596, 1 c ; HEAT, VIII. 572, 1 c.
Conducts, chaplains, VI. 763, 1 c.
Condulmero, Gabriele [kon-dool-ma -ro], (Pope
Eugenius IV.), VI. 773, 2 a.
Condylu ra (zoology), XL 705, 1 be; 706,
1 ab. C. cristata, 1 b (ill.).
Condy s liquid, tooth wash, XL 104. 1 a.
CONE, in geometry, V. 219.
CONE, Spencer Houghton, American clergy
man, V. 220.
CONECUH [ko-ne -ka], county, V. 220.
CONEJOS [ko-ne -hoce; Sp. ko-na - k hoce], coun
ty, V. 220.
CONE SHELLS, V. 221 (ills.).
CONESTO GAS, tribe of Indians, V. 221.
CONEWANGO CREEK [kon-e-wung -go], V. 221.
CONEY ISLAND, New York, V. 221.
CONFARREATION, Roman marriage, V. 221.
222
CONFECTIONERY
CONGREGATIONALISM
Confectionery, colored, adulteration of, I. 133,
2 a.
Confection of dog rose, XIV. 437, 2 ab.
Confederacy of Delos, VIII. 190, 2 c.
Confederalists, party in the United Evangeli
cal church, XVI. 117, 1 ab.
CONFEDERATE STATES or AMERICA, V. 221.
Secession of South Carolina, 222, 1 a, ft .;
declarations of reasons, 1 b, 223, 1 a. Se
cession of other states, 2 be. A. H. Ste-
phens s address against the secession of
Georgia, 224, 1 b. Efforts for conciliation,
225, 2 a. Break-up of Buchanan s cabinet
on the question of relieving Fort Sumter,
226, 2 a. Lincoln s inauguration, 227, 1 a.
Constitution of the Confederate States, 1 c.
Their government organized, 228, 1 a. Vice
President Stephens s address on its princi
ples, 1 b. Position of the border states,
2 a ; of the free states, 2 b. Importance of
Fort Sumter, 229, 1 ab ; its surrender, 2 a.
President Lincoln s call for troops, 2 be.
Secession of Virginia, &c., 230, 1 c. Con
federate preparations for war, 2 c ; federal,
231, 1 b. Comparative view of the sections,
2 a. End of the struggle, 232, 1 be. Main
events of the war, 1 c. Bibliography, 2 c.
Confederate steamers, construction of in France
forbidden, II. 583, 1 a; allowed in Great
Britain, X. 494, 1 a.
Confederation of Bar, II. 294, 2 a; IV. 112,
1 a; XIII. 647, 2 a.
Confederation of Kilkenny, IX. 358, 1 be.
Confederation of the Rhine : see RHENISH
CONFEDERATION.
Confederation of the United States, period of
the, XVI. 160, 2 a.
Conference, Methodist, XL 451, 2 a ; 452, 2 b ;
455, 1 b, 2 c, ff.
Conference island, in the Bidassoa, II. 624, 2 c.
Confer va (botany), VII. 248, 2 a.
Confervas : see ALG/E.
Confessio Amantis, Gower s, VIII. 134, 1 a,
ab ; VI. 633, 1 be.
Confessio Bohemica, referred to, II. 787, 1 b.
CONFESSION, Auricular, V. 233.
Confession and avoidance, in law, XIII. 607, 2 b.
Confession of the four cities, III. 377, 1 ab.
Confessor, title of, in distinction from martyr,
XL 214, 2 a.
Confetti, used in the carnival, IV. 10, 1 be.
CONFIRMATION, ecclesiastical rite, V. 233. Con-
firmatio confessionis, 234, 1 a.
Confiscation, origin of the word, VII. 216, 1 a.
CONFLAGRATION, V. 234. Destruction of Nine
veh and Babylon, 1 b; of other ancient
cities, 2 a ; of Jerusalem, 2 c ; of Carthage,
&c., 235, 1 a. First general conflagration
of Rome, 1 b. Conflagrations in Constanti
nople, 2 a; London, 2 be; Copenhagen, 236,
I c ; Moscow, ib. ; Hamburg, 2 c ; Paris, 237,
1 a ; China and Japan, 1 ab ; New York,
1 b ; San Francisco, 1 c ; Columbia, S. C.,
2 a; Charleston, 2 b; Portland, Me., ib.
Chicago, 1 c ; Boston, 238, 1 ab.
Confluences, ancient town : see COBLENTZ.
Confraternities of charity : see PAUL, Vincent
de, XIII. 175, 2 c.
Confraternity, secular, VIII. 304, 2 a ; re
ligious, 308, 1 a.
CONFUCIUS, Chinese philosopher, V. 238 (ill.).
Character of his teachings, 239, 1 be. Works
of, IV. 471, 1 a, c,
CONGAREE , river of South Carolina. V. 239.
Conger eel [kong -gher], VI. 447, 1 b (ill.) ; so
called, II. 710, 2 be.
Conger occidentalis (ichthyology), VI. 447, 1 c
(ill.). C. vulgaris, 2 a.
CONGESTION, V. 239. Stage of, in inflamma
tion, IX. 275, 2 ab.
Congestive chill, VII. 165, 1 c.
Congiaria: see LOTTERY, X. 647, 1 a.
CONGLETON, town of England, V. 240.
CONGLETON, Henry Brooke Parnell, lord, Eng
lish statesman and author, V. 240.
CONGLOMERATE, rock, V. 240 ; III. 240, 2 c.
CONGO, country of Africa, V. 240. Natives,
241, 1 be (ill.). Classes of society, 241, 2 a.
CONGO, river, V. 241. See Lualaba (Index).
CONGO SNAKE, V. 242 (ill.).
Congregatio de Propaganda Fide : see PROPA
GANDA.
Congregation, as distinguished from church, V.
242, 2 c.
Congregation, of the Holy Office, IX. 296, 1 a
and b. Of the Index, IX. 199, 2 c. Of the
Most Holy Redeemer: see REDEMPTORISTS,
and XL 731, 1 c. Of procurators (Jesuit),
IX. 627, 2 c. Of St. Maur (Benedictine), II.
520, 1 a; XL 731, 1 b. Of St. Paul the
Apostle (Paulists), VIII. 602, 1 be.
Congregation, general, of the Jesuits, IX. 627,
2 c ; provincial, ib.
Congregation, lords of the, in the Scottish
church, XIII. 810, 1 be.
CONGREGATIONALISM, form of church polity,
V. 242. Viewed in the common and strict
ly denominational sense, 2 ab. Church or-
CONGRESS
ganization, 2 b. Internal structure of a
Congregational church, 243, 1 b. Church
service, 2 be. Qualifications for the minis
try, 244-, 1 a. Government and mutual fel
lowship of churches, 1 b. Doctrines, 2 c.
History, 245, 1 c. Character of the minis
try, 240, 1 ab. Liberality of Congregation-
alists, 1 be. Publications and societies, 1 c.
Writers and authorities, 2 c.
CONGRESS, V. 247. Of the United States, 1 b ;
XVI. 140, 2 c. First proposal for a gen
eral congress, VIII. 003, 2 c. Stamp act
congress, XII. 731, 1 c. "Old continental, 11
XVI. 155, 2 ab; XI. 741, 2 c; first session
of, X. 291, 1 c ; second session, 292, 1 c.
Chaplain of proposed and chosen, I. 109, 1 b.
Congress of the Spanish republics and of the
Spanish cortes, V. 247, 1 b.
Congress of Aix-la- C hapelle, of 1608, I. 224,
1 c; of 1818, 2 a.
Congressional speeches, first reported in short
hand, VII. 503, 2 b.
COXGREVE, William, English dramatist, V. 247.
COXGREVE, Sir William, engineer, V. 247.
Coxi, province of Italy, V. 247. City, 248, 1 a.
Conia, alkaloid, V. 249, 2 a.
CON IC SECTIONS, V. 248; VII. 701, 1 b.
Conim brica, ancient city, V. 23, 2 c (COIMBBA).
CO XIXGTOX, John, English author, V. 248.
Conini [ko-ne -ne], fern, VII. 110, 1 c.
Coniomyce tes (fungi), VII. 532, 2 a.
COXIUM, genus of plants, V. 249. C. macula-
turn, 1 a (ill.). Medicinal use of, 1 c.
Conjugata, in engraved gems, VII. 003, 2 c.
Conjugation, in plants, XIII. 574, 1 b.
Conjunc tiva, membrane of the eye, VII. 40, 2 c.
Conjunctivitis, disease of the eye, XII. 040, 1 b.
Coxx* AUGHT, province of Ireland, V. 249.
Conneau, Dr. [kuh-noj : see BONAPARTE, III.
49, 1 b and c.
CON NEAUT, village of Ohio, V. 249.
CONNECTICUT [kon-net -e-kut], state, V. 249.
State seal, 250. Population, 1 c. Topog
raphy, 251, 1 a. Geology and minerals,
2 c. Climate, 252, 2 b. Soil and produc
tions, 2 c. Manufactures, 253, 2 a. Com
merce, 254, 1 b. Railroads, 2 b. Banks,
&c., 255, 1 b. Constitution and government,
255, 2 b. Finances, 250, 2 c. Public institu
tions, 257, 1 be. Education, 258, 2 b. Li
braries, newspapers, &c., 200, 1 b. Churches,
1 c. History, 2 a,
Connecticut Hue laws: see BLUE LAWS (Index).
CONNECTICUT RIVER, V. 261.
CONSERVATORES
223
Connecticut Susquchanna company: see WYO
MING VALLEY.
CONXEMARA [kon-ne-mu -ra], district of Ireland,
V. 202.
CONNER : see PERCH, XIII. 284, 1 b (ill.).
CONNER, David, American naval officer, V. 262.
Connersville, county seat, VII. 102, 1 b.
Connochetes [kon-no-ke -teez], (zoology), VIII.
55, 1 be.
Conoceph alus en siger (entomology), VIII. 170,
2ab.
Conohasset, river and town, V. 20, 1 c.
Con oily, Capt., English officer murdered in
Bokhara, II. 799, 2 c; XVI. 698, 1 b.
CONOLLY, John, English physician, V. 202.
CONON, Athenian general and admiral, V. 262.
Conop idce (entomology), VI. 130, 1 b.
Conquest, marquis of the, title of descendants
of Pizarro, XIII. 566, 1 ab.
CONRAD, four kings of Germany, V. 263.
Conrad, lord of Tyre, II. 25, 2 c.
CONRAD, Karl Immanuel, German painter, V.
264.
CONRAD, Robert T., American jurist and au
thor, V. 204.
CON RADIX, duke of Swabia, last of the Hohen-
staufen, V. 204; IV. 299, 1 c, 2 a; VIII.
297, 1 a.
CONRING, Hermann, German philosopher and
author, V. 204. Elisa Sophie, baroness von
Reichenbach, poetess, 205, 1 a.
Consacrifica re (Lat., to sacrifice together),
XI. 244, 1 c (MASS).
CONSALVI, Ercole, Roman cardinal, V. 265.
His just and humane administration as head
of the government, 1 c.
Consanguinity, modes of estimating the degree
of, VI. 39, 1 ab.
CONSCIENCE, Ilendrik [ko ns -se-a ng s], Flemish
novelist, V. 265.
Cornell des etats [ko n? -say 1 da za-ta], in Switz
erland, XV. 528, 1 a.
Consensus party, in the United Evangelical
church, XVI. 117, 1 b.
Consensus Sandomiriensis, II. 787, 1 ab.
Consent ia, ancient town, V. 390, 2 ab.
Conservation of force: see CORRELATION OF
FORCES.
Conservation and perpetual creation, VI. 37,
2 c (DESCARTES).
Conservative, in English politics. XVI. 595,
2 c.
Conservatoires pads, old English law officers,
IX. 725, 2 b.
224:
CONSERVATORY
CONSTANTIUS I.
Conservatory : see GREENHOUSE, YIII. 231, 1 b.
First furnished with glass roofs, IX. 5, 2 c.
COXSIDERAXT, Victor [ko ng -se-da-ra ng ], French
socialist, Y. 266.
COXSIDERATIOX : see CONTRACT, V. 290, 1 b.
Consitjnati, consignatio, consignatorium : see
COXFIRMATIOX, Y. 233, 2 c.
Consistences : see PEXAXCE, XIII. 245, 1 a.
Consistorial advocates, Y. 266, 2 a.
COXSISTORY, Y. 266. In the Roman Catholic
church, 1 c. In English law, 2 a. In some
of the reformed churches, ib. In the Re
formed (Dutch) church in America, XIY.
257, 2 c.
Consociation, in Congregationalism, Y. 244,
1 c, 2 a.
Consolamentum, Catharist rite, 1Y. 116, 2 a.
Consolato del mar [kon-so-hV-to], maritime law,
II. 304, 2 a; X. 219, 2 a.
Consolidated annuities : see COXSOLS.
COXSOLS, British consolidated debt, Y. 266.
Consonance and dissonance, Helmholtz s theory
of, XII. 85, 1 b.
Consonantal alphabet, I. 348, 2 ab.
COXSPIRACY, in criminal law, Y. 266.
Conspiracy to murder bill, Palmerston s, XIII.
26, 1 a.
COXSTABLE, civil officer, Y. 266. Origin of,
425, 2 c.
COXSTABLE, Archibald, Scottish publisher, \.
267.
COXSTABLE, John, English painter, V. 267.
CONSTANCE, city of Baden, Y. 267 (view).
Minster, 2 b. Lake of, 2 c ; upper and low
er, 268, 1 a. Conference for regulating its
navigation (1855), alluded to, III. 244, 1 b.
COXSTAXCE, Council of, V. 268. See Huss,
IX. 91, 1 be; GERSOX, VII. 777, 1 b; MAR-
TIX Y., XI. 208, 2 b ; MOXACIIIS.M, 730, 2 ab.
Constance Faulcon: see COXSTANTIX FAULCOX.
Constans, son of the usurper Constantino, XVI.
563, 2 ab ; 564, 1 b.
Constans II., emperor of the East, III. 514, 2 c.
COXSTAXS, Flavius Julius, emperor of Rome,
Y. 268.
COXSTAXT DE REBECQUE, Henri Benjamin [ko ng -
sta ng diih rtih-bek], French orator and author,
Y. 269.
Constantia, ancient towns, V. 267, 2 a (Cox-
STAXCE) ; VII. 654, 2 a (GAZA) ; X. 65, 1 b
(KrsTEXu.ii).
Constantia Castra: see COUTAXCES.
COXSTAXTIX, Abraham [ko ng -sta ng -ta ng ], Swiss
painter, V. 269.
CON STAXTIX FAULCOX, Greek adventurer, V.
269.
COXSTAXTIXE [Fr. ko" s -sta ng -teenj. province of
Algeria, V. 270. Capital city, 1 c (view).
COX STAXTIXE, name of about thirteen einpeN
ors, Y. 270.
COXSTAXTIXE I. (the Great), Cains Flavins
Aurelius Claudius, emperor of Rome, Y. 270.
His political crimes, 271, 1 c. His recogni
tion of Christianity, 2 a. Coin of (ill.), 2 b.
Military standard of, X. 68, I be (ill.). Sup
posed to have constructed th& walls of Lon
don, 618, 2 c. Transfer of the capital from
Rome to Byzantium, XIV. 408, 1 c. His
division of the empire, 2 a. See CIVIL LAW,
IV. 622, 1 c.
Constantine, arch of, XIY. 412, 2 c (ill.). Char
acter of its sculptures, 720, 2 c.
CONSTAXTIXE II., emperor of Rome, Y. 271.
COXSTAXTINE IV. (Pogonatus). emperor of the
East, V. 272 ; III. 515, 1 a,
COXSTAXTIXE V. (Copronynms), emperor of the
East, V. 272; III. 515, 1 be.
COXSTAXTIXE VI., emperor of the East, V. 272.
COXSTAXTIXE VII. (Porphyrogenitus), emperor
of the East, Y. 272, New edition of the
Basilica undertaken by him, IV. 625, 1 ab.
COXSTAXTIXE XIII. (Paloeologus), last emperor
of the East, V. 273.
Constantine, Roman usurper, XVI. 563, 2 ab;
564, 1 b, be.
Constantine (Syhamts), founder of the Pauli-
cians, XIII. 177, 2 b.
COXSTAXTIXE NIKOLAYEYITCIJ, grand duke of
Russia, V. 273.
COXSTAXTIXE PAYLOYITCII, grand duke of Rus
sia, V. 273.
COXSTAXTIXOPLE, capital of Turkey, V. 274
(view). Streets, &c., 1 c. Bazaars, 275, 1 a
(ill.). Seraglio, 1 c (ill.). St. Sophia (mosque
of Agia Sofia), 276, 1 a (ill., 275). Ruins of i
the aqueduct of Valens (ill.), 1 be. Cisterna |
basilica, 2 b (ill.). Schools, ib. Suburbs, 2 c.
History, 277, 2 b. Made the capital of tho
Roman empire, 271, 2 b. Conflagrations in,
235, 2 a ; 274, 2 c. Burning of the public
library, IT. 364. 1 c ; of the library of St. So
phia, X. 350, 2 a. Sieges by the Saracens, X.
350, 1 b ; Bulgarians, 2 be ; crusaders, Y. 530,
1 b; Turks, II. 227, 2 a, and XL 695, 2 b.
COXSTAXTIXOPLE, Councils of, Y. 277.
Constantinople nuts, VIII. 555, 1 b.
COXSTAXTIUS I. (Chlorus), Roman emperor, V.
278. Constantius II., 2 c ; enforces religions
CONSTANT
CONVENTION
225
creeds and uniformity of faith, 279, 1 b.
Gonstantius, Roman general, 279, 1 c.
Constant Koliades, nom de plume, X. 283, 2 b.
CONSTELLATIONS, V. 279.
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY : see CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION.
Constitution, written, the first in history, V.
2GO, 2 b. See VIII. 547, 2 c.
Constitution, frigate, IX. 39, 2 be. Cruises of,
XY. 383, 1 b. See PREBLE, Edward.
Constitution (Constitution) of Pope Vigilius,
V. 278, 1 be.
Constitution of the third of September, VII.
386, 2 b ; of the year three, 389, 2 c.
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, V. 279. Of the
United States, 2 c. Corresponding bodies
in France : assemblee constituante, 280, 1 c ;
nationale, ib. ; legislative, 2 c.
Constitutional liberty, progress of in England:
see EESKINE, VI. 720, 1 a, ff.
Const itutio nes Apostol ica>, III. 717, 2 c.
Constitutions, American, John Adams s defence
of, I. 90, 1 a.
Constitutions of Clarendon, V. 149, 2 a; IV.
635, 1 be; II. 441, 1 b; VIII. 642, 2 c.
Constitution- Union party, in the United States,
X. 491, 2 b.
Constrictor isthmi faucium (anatomy), XII.
817, 2 be.
Constrictors (anatomy), superior, middle, and
interior, XIII. 382, 2 c.
Consultant iation, in the Lutheran church, X.
732, 1 c.
CONSUL, V. 281. Executive officer of ancient
Rome, 1 ab ; of the French republic, 1 c.
Commercial agent, 2 ab. Authority of, X.
225, 1 b; privileges of, 226, 1 ab.
Consulates fasti, VII. 93, 2 c.
Consultum, body of Catholic theologians, IX.
199, 2 c.
Consumo, Portuguese wine, XIII. 745, 1 b.
CONSUMPTION, disease, V. 282. Acute, 2 ab ;
chronic, 2 c. Process of development, 283,
1 c. Galloping consumption, 284, 1 ab.
Diagnosis, 1 b. Causes, 1 c. Possibility of
recovery, 285, 1 b. Remedies, 1 c.
Contact theory, in galvanism, VII. 593, 2 c.
CONTAGION, V. 286.
CONTARINI [kon-ta-re -ne], Venetian family, V.
286. Andrea, doge, 2 a. Ambrogio, am
bassador, 2 ab. Giovanni, painter, 2 b.
CONTEMPT, in law, V. 286. In legislative bod
ies, 287, 1 c.
CONTI, Princes de [ko"*-te], French family, V.
15
287. Francois de Bourbon, 1 c. Louise
Marguerite de Lorraine, princess de, 2 a.
Armand de Bourbon, 2 b. Louis Armand
de Bourbon, 2 be. Francois Louis de Bour
bon, 2 c. Louis Francois de Bourbon, 288,
1 a. Louis Francois Joseph de Bourbon, ib.
House of Conti referred to, III. 157, 1 b.
Conti, Giovanni [kon -te], (Pope John XL),
IX. 647, 1 b.
Conti, Giovanni Lotario (Pope Innocent III.),
IX. 288, 1 a.
Conti, Ottaviano (Pope John XII.), IX. 647, 1 b.
Continental congress, proposed in Boston, I.
109, 1 a. See CONGRESS (Index).
CONTINENTAL SYSTEM, Napoleon s, V. 288.
Continuances, in courts of law, XIV. 231, 2 be.
Continuous gum, in dentistry, VI. 24, 1 be.
Conto pus m rens (ornithology), XIII. 376, 2 a
(ill.).
Contourne [kon-toor -na], in heraldry, VIII.
673, 1 b.
CONTRABAND, V. 288. Contraband of war,
1 a; X. 228, 2 b. See NEUTRALITY, XII.
261, 1 a.
Contrabands, slaves so called, III. 490, 1 a.
CONTRA COSTA, county, V. 289.
Contra- Costa hills, California, III. 600, 1 b.
CONTRACT, in law, V. 289. Essential rules,
290, 1 b; competency of the parties, 1 c;
consideration, 2 b ; lawfulness, 291, 1 a ;
lex loci and fori, 1 b. Remedies, 1 c. See
FRAUDS, Statute of, and USURY. Contract
of hiring, X. 557, 1 c. Contract made on
Sunday, 636, 2 b, ff. Contract of marriage,
XI. 189, 1 a, ff.
Contractility: see PHYSIOLOGY, XIII. 485, 2 a.
Contra-Rcmonstrants, Calvinist party in Hol
land, I. 728, 1 c; XII. 248, 1 b-c ; XIV.
255, 1 a.
CONTRA YERVA[kon-tra-ycr -va], medicinal root,
V. 291.
CONTRERAS [kone-tra -russ], village of Mexico,
V. 291. Battle of: see CIIURUBUSCO.
Conu rus (ornithology), X. 770, 2 c. C. Caro-
linensis, XIII. 125, 2 c (ill., 126).
CONUS : see CONE SHELLS.
ConmlU ria maja lis (botany), X. 473, 2 a (ill.).
CONVENT : see MONASTERY, XL 734, 1 c.
Convent of cork, near Cintra, IV. 602, 1 a.
CONVENTICLE, V. 291.
CONVENTION, in diplomacy, V. 291. In French
history, 2 c ; VII. 388, 1 a. In the United
States, V. 292, 1 ab. In the polity of the
Congregational church, 244, 1 c.
226
CONVENTUALS
COPAIFERA
Conventuals, division of the Franciscans, VII.
426, 1 a. Dress of, 427, 1 b.
CONVERSANO [kon-vair-sa -no], town of Italy,
V. 292.
Converter, for Bessemer steel, XV. 859, 2 ab,
ff.(ills., 359, 360).
CONVEYANCE, in law, V. 292 ; XIV. 559, 1 c.
Convicts, transportation of, XIV. 7, 2 b ; 13,
2 ab.
CONVOCATION, in the English church, V. 292.
CONVOL VULUS, genus of plants, V. 293. C.
Japonicus, 1 b (ill.). C. scammonia, 1 c;
XIV. 662, 1 b (ill.). C. Mauritanicus, V.
293, 1 c. C. batatas, ib. ; XIII. 767, 2 a.
CONWAY, county of Arkansas, V. 293.
CON WAY, town of New Hampshire, V. 293.
CONWAY, town of Wales, V. 293. Castle and
bridge, 2 c (ill.).
CONWAY, Moncure Daniel, American author,
V. 294.
CONWAY, Thomas, American revolutionary
soldier, V. 294. Conway s cabal, 2 a; al
luded to, I. 287, 2 b ; VII. 645, 1 a,
ConwayltorougJi, county seat, VIII. 824, 2 b.
Conwy : see CONWAY, Wales.
CONY : see RABBIT.
CONYBEARE, John [ko -ne-beer], English prel
ate, V. 294. John Josias, divine and anti
quary, 2 be. William Daniel, divine and
geologist, 2 c. William John, clergyman
and author, 295, 1 ab. Henry, civil en
gineer, 1 b.
Con yers, county seat, XIV. 367, 1 c.
COOK, two counties, V. 295.
COOK, Charles, English clergyman, V. 295.
COOK, Eliza, English authoress, V. 295.
COOK, James, English navigator, V. 296 ; I.
242, 2 be (ALASKA).
COOKE, George Frederick, actor, V. 297.
COOKE, George Wingrove, lawyer, V. 297.
COOKE, John Rodgers, American jurist, V. 297.
Philip Pendleton, poet, 2 a. John Esten,
author, 2 c.
COOKEEY, V. 298. Egyptian, 1 b; Greek, 1 c;
Roman, 2 b, c ; modern European, 299, 2 b ;
French, 300, 1 b. Processes in cookery, 2 b.
National dishes, 2 c. Cook books, ib.
Cookery look, the earliest, I. 584, 1 b.
Cooking, effect of, I. 317, 1 b ; V. 300, 2 b.
COOKMAN, George G., American clergyman,
V. 301.
COOK S ISLANDS, Pacific ocean, V. 301.
COOK S STRAIT, New Zealand, V. 301.
COOKSTOWN, town of Ireland, V. 301.
Cooler, in sugar making, XV. 446, 1 b, 2 ab.
COOLEY, Thomas Mclntyre, American jurist,
V. 301.
Cooling, Newton s law of, VIII. 570, 2 b.
Cool tankards, drink. III. 88, 2 a.
COOLY, eastern laborer, V. 301. Origin and
meaning of the name, 2 c ; IX. 215, 1 c.
Traffic in coolies, and laws for their protec
tion, V. 302, 1 a, if. Importation from In
dia, 1 a ; from China, 303, 1 c. American
law against the traffic, 304, 1 c. Coolies in
Cuba, 2 ab ; in Pern, 305, 1 ab. Statistics
of the cooly traffic, 2 c. See CUBA, V. 547,
1 be; PEKU, XIII. 339, 1 c,ff.; MACAO, X.
766, 1 be. Employment of South sea island
ers on plantations, V. 306, 1 be.
COOMASSIE : see KOOMASSIE.
Coon: see RACCOON, XIV. 161, 2 b. Coon
hunting, ib.
COOPER, county, V. 306.
Cooper, county seat, V. 780, 2 c.
COOPER, Anthony Ashley : see SHAFTESBURY.
COOPER, Sir Astley, English surgeon, V. 306.
COOPER, James Fenimore, American novelist,
V. 307; XVI. 195, 2 c. Susan Fenimore,
writer, V. 309, 1 b.
1 COOPER, Peter, American philanthropist, V.
309. Cooper Institute, 2 c.
< COOPER, Samuel, American clergyman, V. 310,
COOPER, Thomas, American scholar and politi
cian, V. 310.
COOPER, Thomas, English chartist, V. 310.
COOPER, Thomas Sidney, English painter, V. 310.
Cooperation, XV. 139, 2 a; 142, 2 a.
Cooperationuts, a class of Alabama secession
ists, I. 233, 1 a.
COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS : see SOCIALISM,
XV. 142, 2 a.
COOPER RIVER, South Carolina, V. 311.
COOPERSTOWN, village of New York, V. 311.
Coordinates, in analytical geometry, Descartes s
method, I. 456, 1 a. Coordinate planes, 1 b.
COORG, district of Hindostan, V. 311. Inhabi- !
tants, IX. 215, 2 c.
Coornhert [korn -hert] : see CORNHEET.
Coos [ko-os J, two counties, V. 311.
COOSA, county, V. 311.
COOSA, river, V. 311.
COOT, bird, V. 312 (ill.) ; VI. 291, 1 a. Butter-
bill coot, 1 c.
Cop, fish : see CHUB.
COPAIBA [ko-pe -ba] : see BALSAMS, II. 250, 1 a.
Copaifera officina lis [ko-pa-if-e-ra], (botany),
II. 250, la (ill.) ; III. 223, 2 a.
COPAIS
COPYRIGHT
227
COPA IS, lake of Bccotia, V. 312 ; II. 774, 2 a
and b.
CO PAL, V. 312 (ill.). Varnish from, 313, 1 c.
COPAN , town and ruined city of Honduras,
V. 313 (ill.). Remains of, I. 398, 2 a (ill.).
Copar cenary, species of estate, VI. 739, 1 a.
Coparceners, in law, XIII. 137, 1 b.
Coparceny, in English common law, VI. 39, 1 c.
COPARTNERSHIP : see PARTNERSHIP.
COPE, Charles West, English painter, V. 313.
COPE, Edward Drinker, American naturalist,
V. 314. Views on evolution, VII. 12, 1 a.
Cope, Sir John, English general, IV. 312, 1 b.
Cope of a moulding flask, IV. 7G, 1 a (ill.).
COPENHAGEN, capital of Denmark, V. 314.
Exchange (ill.), 2 c. Thorwaldsen s mu
seum, 315, 1 c (ill., 314). History, 310, 1 a.
Bombardment by the English, 1 b. Confla
grations in, 236, 1 c.
Copenhagen Fields, London, X. 613, 1 c.
Copernicia cerifera (botany), XIII. 21, 1 a.
COPER NICUS, Nikolaus, astronomer, V. 316.
His explanation of the planetary motions,
1 c : see ASTRONOMY, II. 44, 2 c. Supposed
indebtedness to Capella, III. 749, 1 c.
COPI AII, county, V. 316.
COPIAPO [ko-pe-a-po J, city of Chili, V. 316.
COPLAND, James, English physician, V. 317.
COPLESTON, Edward, English bishop and
writer, V. 317.
COPLEY, John Singleton, American painter, V.
317.
COPPER, V. 317. Use of by ancient and primi
tive races, 2 b. Its qualities, 318, 1 c.
Compounds with oxygen, 2 b. Uses of its
salts in the arts, 2 c. Sources of copper,
319, 1 b : see COPPER MINES. Its uses, 2 c.
Alloys, 320, 1 a. Medicinal use of sulphate
of copper, 1 b. Occurrence of copper in
quartz veins, VIII. 77, 1 c, XI. 579, 1 a ;
in fissure veins, XI. 580, 1 b. Alloys of
copper with gold, VI. 24, 2 a, ff., VIII. 73,
1 b ; with silver, XV. 47, 2 c, 48, 1 a, c, 2 a;
with zinc, III. 213, 1 ab; with zinc and tin,
ib., XVI. 817, 1 b. Use of copper in the
extraction of gold, VIII. 85, 2 b ; of silver,
XV. 50, 2 c, 51, 1 b, 52, 1 c, 2 c, 53, 1 b;
in assaying, II. 29, 1 a; for money: see
COINS, and MONEY ; for sheathing of ships,
XIV. 860, 2 a. Plating of with tin, XV.
764, 1 b.
Copper, argentiferous gray, V. 319, 2 b; XV.
50, 1 c.
Copper, sulphate of, V. 318, 2 c; XV. 454, 1 a.
Use of in medicine, V. 320, 1 b ; in coloring
pickles, XIII. 499, 1 c.
COPPERAS, V. 320; IX. 366, 1 b ; XV. 454, 1 be.
Copper glance, V. 319, 2 a.
COPPERHEAD, snake, V. 320 (ill,).
Coppering, in faro, VII. 89, 2 b.
COPPERMINE RIVER, British America, V. 321.
COPPER MINES, V. 321. In Sweden and Nor
way, 2 a ; Germany, 2 b ; Italy, 322, 1 a ;
Spain, 2 a; England, 2 ab ; United States,
323, 1 c, IX. 428, 2 c ; Canada and New
foundland, V. 324, 2 a; Cuba, 2b; South
America, ib. ; Australia, 2 c ; Asia and Afri
ca, 325, 1 b. Total production, 1 c.
COPPERPLATE: see ENGRAVING, VI. 649, 1 b;
651, 1 be. Copperplate printing of calico,
III. 595, 2 c.
Copper powder, for bronzing, III. 315, 2 b.
Coppers, class of butterflies, III. 500, 1 c.
Copper silver glance, XV. 50, 1 ab.
COPPER SMELTING, V. 325. Treatment of ores,
2 a ; Napier s method, 2 c ; Longmaid s,
326, 1 c; Monnier s, 2 ab; Hunt and Doug
las s, 2 b. Smelting works, 327, 1 a.
COPPET [kup-pa], Swiss village, V. 327.
Coppra, dried meat of cocoanut, XIV. 592, 1 a.
Copp s hill, in Boston, III. 116, 1 b.
Copri ni (fungi), rapid growth of, VII. 530, 1 a.
COP ROLITES, fossil excrements, V. 327 ; X.
479, 1 a.
Copron ymus, siirmime of Constantino V., V.
272, 1 c.
Coproph agi (entomology), XIV. 663, 2 be.
Coptic Christians, XI. 648, 1 be.
COPTIC LANGUAGE, V. 327.
Coptic liturgies: see COPTS, V. 833, 1 b.
Coptic manuscripts, key to the written char
acters discovered, I. 226, 1 c.
Coptic version of the Scriptures: see Ifcm-
phitic (Index).
COPTIS, goldthread, V. 330. C. trifolia, 1 b.
COPTS, V. 330 (ill). Religion, 2 a. Convents,
331, 1 c. Baptism, 2 b. Circumcision, ib.
Churches, 2 c; subterranean, 332, 1 a. Com
munion, 1 c. Fasts, il>. Festivals, 2 a.
Copts in Jerusalem, 2 b. Creed, ib. Ver
sions of the Scriptures, 333, 1 a. Liturgies,
1 be. Marriage ceremonies, 2 b. Number,
2 c. History, 334, 1 a.
Copyhold: see ESTATE, VI. 738. 1 ab.
COPYRIGHT, V. 335. In the United States, 1 c,
337, 1 c. Rights of a foreign author in Great
Britain, 335, 2 c; in the United States, 336,
1 c. International copyright in Great Brit-
228
COQE
CORIXNA
ain, 2 b ; in the United States, 2 be. Copy
right on the European continent, 2 c. Copy
right laws in England, 337, 1 a.
Coqe, bird, VII. 110, 2 b.
COQUEREL, Athanase Laurent Charles [kuh-
krel], French clergyman, V. 337. Charles
Augustin, author, 338, 1 b. Athanase Josue,
preacher, 1 c.
COQUILLA NUTS, V. 338 (ill.) ; XIII. 21, 2 c.
COQUIMBO [ko-keem -bo], province of Chili, V.
338. Capital city, 339, 1 a.
Coquina rock [ko-ke -na], XIV. 525, 1 b.
Cora cia grac ula (ornithology), IV. 521 (ill.).
COR AL, V. 339. Coral animals, 1 c. Star
coral (astrasa), 2 be (ill.), 340, 2 c. Fungia
echinata, 1 a (ill.). Branching coral, 1 b
(ill.). Brain coral (meandrina), 2 c (ill.).
Various forms, ib. Coral reefs, by what
species produced, 341, 1 c. Darwin s theory
of their formation, 2 ab. Prof. Dana s
" Coral and Coral Islands, 1 1 c, 2 b. Coral
of jewelry (precious coral), 342, 1 c.
"Coral," eggs of the lobster, X. 562, 1 b.
Coralberry, XV. 136, 2 a.
Corallet: see COEAL, V. 339, 2 b.
Coralline crag, in geology, XIII. 613, 2 c.
Corallines, sea weeds, II. 79, 1 a.
Coral lum : see CORAL, V. 339, 2 ab. Coral-
lum rubrum, 342, 1 c.
Coral snake, XII. 423, 2 b.
CO RAM, Thomas, English philanthropist, V.
342,
Corario, Angela [ko-ra -re-o], (Pope Gregory
XII.), VIII. 245, 1 a.
Corasmians, ancient tribe, IX. 818, 2 b.
COEATO [ko-ra -to], town of Italy, V. 342.
Corax ici Mon tes, in Circassia, IV. 603, 1 be.
CORAY , Adamantios, Greek author, V. 842.
COR BAN, Hebrew word, V. 342.
CORBAUX, Fanny [kor-bo ], English artist and
Biblical scholar, V. 343.
CORBEIL [kor-bay J, town of France, V. 343.
Corleus [kor -bels], baskets of earth for
breastworks, II. 365, 1 c.
CORBET, Richard, English poet and divine, V.
343.
CORBOULD, Henry [kor -bold], English artist,
V. 343. Edward Henry, painter, 2 a.
Corchorus [kor -ko-rus], (botany), IX. 729, 1 b.
C. capsularis, ib. (ill.).
Corcoran, Michael, Irish - American soldier
(1S27- G3, brig, gen.), VII. 124, 2 c ; 125, 1 be.
CORCY RA : see CORFU.
Cordage : see ROPE, XIV. 423, 1 c.
CORDARA, Giulio Cesare [kor-da -ra], Italian
Jesuit, V. 343.
CORD AY D ARMAXS, Mariane Charlotte de [kor-
da dar-ma ng j, French heroine, V. 343.
CORDELIERS [kor-de-leers ; Fr. kor-duh-lya],
Franciscan friars, V. 344. French revolu
tionary club, 2 a.
Cordier, Jules [kor-de-a], pseudonyme, XVI.
279, 2 b.
CORDIL LERA [Sp. kor-de-lya -ra], mountain
chain, V. 344. On the isthmus of Panama,
2 c. Geological structure, 345, 2 a; 347, 1 ab.
In Central America, 345, 2 b; minerals, 2 c.
In Mexico, 346, 1 a; volcanoes, 1 c.
Cordouan [kor-dwa ng ], lighthouse of, X. 458, 2 b.
COR DOVA, province of Spain, V. 347. Capital
city, 2 a. Prison of the inquisition (ill.),
2 b. Great mosque, 2 c (ill., 348), and I.
14, 2 b. History, V. 348, 1 b.
CORDOVA, province of the Argentine Republic,
V. 348. Capital, 2 ab.
CORDOVA, city of Mexico, V. 348.
CORDOVA, Fernando Fernandez de, Spanish
general, V. 349.
CORDOVA, Francisco Fernandez de, navigator,
V. 349.
CORDOVA, Gonsalvo de : see GOXSALVO DE COR
DOVA.
Cordovan, leather, X. 271, I ab.
CorduJba, ancient town, V. 348, 1 b (CORDOVA).
Cordyceps Eobertsii, fungus, VII. 528, 2 b.
C. Sinensis, used as medicine, 531, 1 ab.
CORE A, kingdom of Asia, V. 349. Coreans,
2 c (ill.). Government, 350, 1 b. History, 2 b.
Coreg onus albus (ichthyology), XVI. 605, 1 b.
C. Willughbii, or albula, 287, 2 c.
COREXTYN [ko-ren-tine j, river of South Ameri
ca, V. 351.
Co reus (entomology), VIII. 629, 2 a. C. tris- |
tis, ib. ; XV. 294, 1 ab (ill.).
Corfitz-Uhlfeld, count [kor -tits-ool -feld], Da- !
nish conspirator, IV. 528, 1 c.
CORFU [kor-foo J, nomarchy of Greece, V. 351.
Island, 1 b. Capital city, 2 c (view).
Coriallum, ancient town : see CHERBOURG.
CORIAN DER, plant, V. 352 (ill.). Fruits or
seeds, 1 c.
Corian drum sati vum (botany), V. 352, 1 ab.
CORIGLIAXO [ko-re-lya -no], town of Italy, V.
352.
Corin ium, Roman station, IV. 612, 1 a (Ci-
RENCESTER).
Corinna, Greek poetess, XIII. 521, 2 b.
Corinna, species of gazelle, VII. 655, 1 c.
CORINTH
CORNWALLIS
229
COE INTII, ancient city of Greece, V. 352.
Modern Corinth, 353, 2 a (view). History,
il. Destruction of by Muinmius, 354, 1 be ;
235, 1 b; XII. 38, 1 a.
CORINTH, village of Mississippi, V. 354. Siege
and battle of, 2 b.
Corinth, a former name of Syracuse, N. Y.,
XV. 544, 2 a.
CORINTH, Gulf of : see LEPANTO.
Corinthia: see CORINTH, Y. 352, 2 ab.
Corinthian brass, III. 213, 2 b.
Corinthian capital, I. 657, 2 c. Suggestion of,
54, 2 a, c (ACANTHUS). *
Corinthian order, in architecture, I. 657, 2 c
(ill., 65G); among the Romans, 050, 1 b.
CORIN TIIIANS, Epistles to the, Y. 354. Apocry
phal epistle, 355, 1 c.
Corinths: see RAISIN, XIV. 190, 1 a.
Cori num, Roman camp, IV. 612, 1 a.
CORIOLA NUS, Roman senator, V. 355.
Corisandre [ko-re-zMr 1 ], fan, VII. 79, 2 a.
Co rium, the true skin, XV. 78, 2 c ; X. 273, 1 c.
CORK, bark, V. 356. Cork oak, 1 a (ill.). Cut
ting the bark, 1 b (ill.). Uses, 2 a.
CORK, county of Ireland, V. 356. City and
port, 2 c. St. Patrick s bridge (ill.), 357.
Cork, first earl of, III. 173, 1 b. Fifth earl of,
174, 1 c.
Corky layer, of plants, XIII. 579, 2 c.
CORLEONE [kor-la-o -na], town of Sicily, V. 357.
Conn, solid bulb, in botany, XIII. 577, 2 c.
Cormac s chapel, Ireland, IX. 355, 1 c.
CORMENIN, Louis Marie de la Haie, viscount
de [korm-na ng ], French politician, V. 358.
CORMONTAIGNE, Louis de [kor-mo nsr -tainy J,
French military engineer, V. 358.
CORMORANT, bird, V. 358. Common, 2 c (ill.) ;
double-crested, 359, 1 be (ill.) ; Florida, 2 a.
A name of the darter, 692, 2 b.
Cormorant cave, in Staffa, XV. 301, 1 a.
CORN, tumor, V. 359. Remedies, 2 c. Of the
horse, XVI. 335, 2 c.
CORN, Indian : see MAIZE.
CORNARO [kor-mV-ro], Venetian family, V. 359.
Caterina, queen of Cyprus, 2 c. Luigi, ad
vocate of temperance, 360, l.a.
CORNBURY, Edward Hyde, lord, governor of
New York, V. 360.
Com cockle, plant, X. 741, 2 c.
Corn crake, bird, V. 455, 1 c (ill.).
COR NEA, membrane of the eye, Y. 360.
CORNEILLE, Pierre [kor-nail ; Fr. kor-naV],
French dramatist, V. 360. Thomas, drama
tist, 361, 2 c.
CORNELIA [kor-ne -lya], Roman matron, Y. 361.
Daughter of P. C. Scipio and wife of Pompey,
362, 1 b.
Cornelians, slaves freed by Sulla, XV. 93, 1 c.
CORNELIS, Cornelius [kor-na -lis], Dutch artist,
V. 362.
Cornelius, of Philadelphia, solar lamps made
by, X. 129, 2 c.
CORNELIUS, Elias, American clergyman,Y. 362.
CORNELIUS, Peter von [kor-na -le-oos], German
painter, V. 362.
CORNELIUS NEPOS : see NEPOS.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Y. 363 (ill, 364). Build
ings, 2 be. Organization, 364, 1 a. Plan of
instruction, 2 c. Collections and apparatus,
365, 2 c. Endowment, 366, 1 be. History, 2 a.
Corner, in stock dealing, XV. 388, 2 a.
Cornet, in assaying, II. 28, 1 b.
CORNET-A-PISTONS [Fr. kor-na-ta-pees-to ng ],
wind instrument, Y. 367. Cornet, out of
use, 1 be.
Cornjlag, plant : see GLADIOLUS.
CoRjsr iiERT, Diederik, Dutch author, V. 367.
CORNIANI, Giovanni Battista, count [kor-nya -
ne], Italian author, V. 367.
Cornice [kor -uis], in architecture, I. 657, 1 a ;
658, 1 a, ab.
Cor nine, a principle in dogwood, VI. 185, 1 a.
CORNING, village of New York, V. 367.
Cornish daw, bird, IV. 521, 1 be.
Cornish engine, XV. 342, 2 a.
CORN LAWS, English, Y. 367. See COBDEN.
Roman, for relief of the poor, XIII. 180, 1 c.
Corn mildew (ill.), VII. 532, 2 a.
Corn mint, plant, XI. 615, 2 c.
Corn moth : see WHEAT MOTH.
Corn rose, variety of poppy, XIII. 714, 2 be.
Corn salad, XVI. 245, 2 c.
Corn smut, XI. 45, 1 c (ill.).
CORN SNAKE, V. 368 (ill.).
Corn starch, XL 44, 2 b ; XV. 319, 1 c.
CORNU, Sebastien Melchior, French painter,
V. 368.
CORNUCOPIA, V. 369.
Cornus (botany), VI. 184, 1 c. C. alternifolia,
ib. (ill.). C. norida, ib. (ill.).
CORNWALL, county of England, V. 369.
CORNWALL, village of Connecticut, Y. 369.
Town of New York, 2 c. Cornwall Land
ing, ib.
CORNWALL, Barry : see PROCTER, Bryan Waller.
CORNWALLIS, Charles, earl, British general, V.
370. His campaign in Virginia, X. 97, 1 ab;
303, 1 a. See YORKTOWN.
230
CORO
CORTONA
COEO, state of Venezuela, V. 370. Santa Ana
de, capital, 2 ab.
Coroco ro, Bolivia, mines of, III. 12, 2 c.
COEOL LA, in botany, V. 370 ; XIII. 585, 1 ab,
c ; 580, 2 a.
COROMAN DEL, Coast of, V. 370; IX. 201, 2 a.
Coro na : see CROWN. In architecture, I. 657,
1 a ; 658, 1 b. In meteorology, VIII. 405,
1 c (corona?). Solar, XV. 474, 2 ab, ff.
COR OXACH, a lamentation at funerals, V. 371.
COROXADO, Francisco Vasquez de [ko-ro-na/-
tho], Spanish explorer, V. 371.
COEOXADO DE PEBEY, Carolina, Spanish poet
and novelist, V. 371.
Corona, in meteorology, VIII. 405, 1 c.
Coronation hill, in Presburg, XIII. 809, 1 a.
Corone a, battle of, I. 186, 2 b.
Coronella getula, snake, IV. 225, 2 b (ill.) .
CORONER, civil officer, V. 371.
CORONET, V. 371. Varieties of, 372, 1 a (ill.).
Coronet, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 ab.
Coronium, ancient town, V. 387, 2 c (OoErxxA).
Coronula diadema, cirriped (ill.), IV. 612, 1 b.
Coroza [ko-ro -tha], cap, IX. 295, 1 b.
CORPORAL, military title, V. 372.
CORPORATE, in the eucharist, V. 372.
Corporal oath: see COEPOEALE.
Corpora Malpighiana, in anatomy, IX. 826, 2 c.
CORPORATION, in law, V. 372. Liability of, X.
485, 1 c, 2 c. Ecclesiastical corporations :
see MORTMAIN.
CORPULENCE, V. 373. Dietetic cure of, 2 c, ff.;
II. 288, 2 c.
Corpus callosum, of the brain. III. 188, 1 b ;
190, 2 ab; 191, 2 a; 192, 2 be; XII. 235, 1 be.
CORPUS CHEISTI, festival, V. 374; X. 638, 2 b.
CORPUS CIIRISTI, village of Texas, V. 374.
Corpuscles, of the blood, II. 729, 2 b ; in inflam
mation, IX. 275, 1 c, 2 a, 277, 1 a. Pus
corpuscles, 276, 1 c, 2 b. Plastic (pyoid), 2 a.
Corpuscular theory of light, X. 435, 1 b.
CORPUS JURIS : see CIVIL LAW.
Corpus Reformatorum, III. 256, 1 c.
Corradi [kor-ra -de], painter : see GHIRLANDAIO.
CORREA DE SERRA, Jose Francisco [kor-ra -a
da ser -ra], Portuguese naturalist, V. 374.
Correction, houses of, XIV. 12, 1 c.
Correction lines, in surveying, XV. 492, 1 b.
CORRECTION or THE PRESS, V. 375. Distin
guished proof-readers, 2 c.
CORREGGIO, Antonio Allegri da [kor-red -jo],
Italian painter, V. 376.
CORRELATION OF FORCES, and Conservation of
Force, V. 377. Erroneous views, 1 b. In
timations of the doctrine in early writers,
2 be. Experiments on the nature of heat,
378, 1 a. General recognition of the doc
trine, 379, 1 a. Potential and actual ener
gy, 2 b. As seen in the organic and inor
ganic world, 2 c. Relation between food
and work, 380, 1 c. Influence of the law of
conservation on science, 381, 2 ab. Inves
tigations by Americans, 378, 1 a, 381, 2 be.
CORREZE [kor-raiz], department of France, V.
381.
CORRIE, Daniel, bishop of Madras, V. 382.
COREIENTES [kof e-re-am -tace], province of the
Argentine Republic, V. 382. Capital, 1 c.
Corrosive action, protection of copper from,
V. 720, 1 c: of iron, VII. 587, 1 c.
CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE, V. 382. Antiseptic
properties, 2 c.
CORRY, city of Pennsylvania, V. 383.
CORSET, article of dress, V. 383.
CORSICA, island and department of France, V.
383. History, 384. 1 c.
Corsican a, county seat, XII. ISO, 1 a.
Corsican fairy, a dwarf, VI. 335, 2 c.
Corsican furnace, II. 741, 2 c.
Corsini, Lorenzo [kor-se -ne], (Pope Clement
XII.), IV. 663, 1 c.
Cormed, a form of ordeal, XII. 674, 2 be.
Corso of Rome, IV. 10, 1 a; XIV. 414, 1 be (ill.).
CORT, Cornells, Dutch artist, V. 384.
CORT, Henry, English inventor, \. 384.
Cortallum, ancient town: see CHERBOURG.
CORTE [kor -ta], town of Corsica, V. 384.
CORTEREAL, Gaspar [kor-ta-ra-al l, Portuguese
navigator, V. 385. Miguel, 1 ab. See I.
668, 2 c.
Cor tes [Sp. kore -tace], Spanish parliament,
XV. 208, 1 a ; Portuguese, XIII. 739, 1 b.
COR TES (Sp. Cortes, kore-tace ), port of Hon
duras, V. 385.
CORTES (Sp. Cortes], Ilcrnan or Ilernando,
conqueror of Mexico, V. 385. Comment of
Las Casas on his cruelty to Indian miners,
2 ab. Expedition to Mexico, 2 b. Ingrati
tude of Charles V., 386, 2 be.
Cortesi, Jacopo .[kor-ta -zQ]: see BORGOGNONE.
CORTETZ : see KORTETZ.
Corti, arch of, in the ear, XV. 185, 1 c. Organ
of, 1 b, 2 ab. Rods or pillars of, 1 c ; 186, 2 a.
Cortical substance, of the brain, III. 186, 1 c.
Cortitz : see KORTETZ.
CORTLAND [kort -landj, county, V. 386.
Cortland Village, county seat, V. 387, 1 a.
COETO NA, city of Italy, V. 387 (ill.).
CORTONA
COSTE
231
CORTOXA, Pietro Berretuini da, Italian painter,
V. 387.
Gorton acum, ancient town : see COURTEAI.
Corufla [ko-roo -nya] : see CORUXXA.
CORUXDUM, mineral species, V. 387.
CORUXXA, province of Spain, V. 387. Capital
city, 2 c; view, 388.
Corunna,) county seat, XIV. 853, 1 c.
Corutania, mediroval territory, XVI. GG3, 1 b.
Corvallis, county seat, II. 542, 2 a.
Cormria, Pietro da (Nicholas V., anti-pope),
IX. G47, 2 b.
Corvette , war vessel, XII. 188, 2 b.
Corvey : see KORVEI.
CORVIXUS, Matthias : see MATTHIAS CORVIXUS.
CORVIX-"WIERSBITZKI, Otto Julius Bornliard
[kor-veen -veerce-bits -ke], German revolu
tionist, V. 388.
CORVISART-DESMAKETS, Jean Nicolas [kor-ve-
zar-da-ma-ra], French physician, V. 388.
Corvus (ornithology), V. 519, 1 a; XIV. 218,
1 be. C. Americanus, V. 519, 1 b (ill.). C.
corax, XIV. 218, 2 c (ill., 219), and other
species. C. comix, V. 520, 2 c (ill., 521),
&e. C. frugilegus, XIV. 422, 1 b (ill.). C.
inonedula, IX. 481, 2 c (ill., 482).
Gorwich, kind of crab, XV. 207, 1 a.
CORWIX, Thomas,. American statesman, V. 388.
Cory, Giles, pressed to death for refusing to
plead on his trial, XIII. 227, 2 c.
CO RYAT, Thomas, English traveller, V. 389.
CORYBAN TES, priests of Oybele, V. 389.
Corycian cave, Greece, XIII. 122, 1 c.
Gor ydon, county seats, VIII. 481, 1 c ; XVI.
520, 1 c.
CO RYELL, county, V. 389.
Cor ylus (botany), VIII. 554, 1 a (ills.). C.
Americana, 2 a. 0. A veil ana, 2 b. C. co-
lurna, 555, 1 ab.
Cor ymb, in botany, XIII. 584, 2 b.
Cory pha (botany), XIII. 20, 2 c. C. umbra-
culifera, ib.
Coryphee na (zoology), VI. 193, 2 be. C. do-
rade, 194, 1 a (ill.). C. equisetis, ib. C.
hippurus, 193, 2 c. Power of changing
color, 194, 1 b, be; IV. 243, 1 be.
COBYPII.-K US, leader of Greek chorus, V. 389 ;
IV. 518, 1 c.
CorypUriea (botany), XIII. 20, 2 c.
Corythas olus (zoology), II. 365, 1 a.
Gorytha ix (ornithology), XIII. 595, 2 b.
Cory za, inflammation of the mucous mem
brane of the nostrils, III. 310, 1 a.
Cos, island of Turkey, V. 390.
Coscinium (botany), II. 549, 2 a. C. fenestra-
tum, V. 122, 2 c.
Coscinodiscus, diatom, VI. 85, 1 b. C. lineatus,
ib. C. oculus iridis, ib.
Cosecant : see TRIGOXOMETRY, XV. 8GG, 1 a.
COSEL, town : see KOSEL.
COSEL, Countess of, V. 390. Florins de Cosel,
coins, 1 c.
COSEXZA [ko-zen -dza], province of Italy, V.
390. Capital city, 2 ab.
COSHOCTOX [ko-shok -tun], county, V. 390.
Goshocton, county seat, V. 390, 2 c.
Cosimo [ko-ze -mo] : see MEDICI, XI. 343, 2 c.
Cosix, John [kuz -en], English prelate, V. 391.
Cosine, in mathematics, XV. 8G5, 2 c.
COSMAS or PRAGUE, ecclesiastic and historian,
V. 391.
Cosmic ether, X. 435, 1 c.
COSMO : see MEDICI, XI. 343, 2 c ; 345, 1 b.
Cosmog ony : see Cosmology (Index). Of the
Norse races, XII. 119, 2 b (MYTHOLOGY).
Cosmology, XIII. 431, 2 c, 432, 2 a (PHILOSOPHY) .
Oosmoplane, instrument, VI. 92, 1 ab.
Cossa, Baltasmre (John XXIII.), IX. G47, 2 c.
COS SACKS, warlike tribes of Russia, V. 391
(ill.). Revolt of, under Chrniclnicki, IX.
G50, 2 b. Secession of the Cossacks of the
Ukraine to Russia, I. 294, 1 a.
COSSE, Charles de [kus-sa], count de Brissac,
marshal of France, V. 392.
COSSIPORE , suburb of Calcutta, V. 392.
Cossitfs Corners, a former name of Syracuse,
N. Y., XV. 544, 2 a.
Cossus, a grub, XV. 302, 2 b.
Cossw ligniperda (entomology), IV. 107, 1 ab;
XI. 8G9, 2 b.
Cost, or cotise, in heraldry, VIII. 072, 1 be.
COS TA, Sir Michael, English musical director
and composer, V. 392.
COSTA-CABRAL , Antonio Bernardo da, duke of
Thomar, Portuguese statesman, V. 392. See
MARIA II. DA GLORIA.
Costanzis, the, gem engravers, VII. GG4, 1 a.
COSTA RICA [koce -ta re -ka], republic of Cen
tral America, V. 393. Coasts, 1 b. Topog
raphy, 2 a. Map, ib. Rivers, 394, 1 a.
Soil and minerals, 1 be. Climate, 1 c. Flora,
2 ab. Fauna, 2 b. Population, 2 c. Reli
gion, 395, 1 a. Productions, 1 ab. Com
merce, 1 c. Intercommunication, 2 ab. Edu
cation, 2 be. Government and finances, 398,
1 a. History, 1 c.
COSTE, Jean Jacques Marie Cyprien Victor
[kust], French naturalist, V. 397.
232
COSTELLO
COUCHING
COSTELLO, Dudley, British author and journal
ist, V. 397. Louisa Stuart, authoress, 1 c.
COSTEE, Laurens Janszoon, reputed inventor
of printing, Y. 397. Coster festival, 2 c.
COSTILLA, county, V. 397.
Costilla, county seat, V. 398, 1 a.
COSWAY, Richard, English painter, V. 398.
Maria Iladfield, artist, 1 a.
COTA, Kodrigo de, Spanish poet, V. 398.
Cotangent: see TRIGONOMETRY, XV. 866, 1 a.
Coteau dcs Prairies [ko-to da pra -re], plateau
in Dakota, V. 639, 1 b.
Coteau du Missouri, Plateau du, V. 639, 1 b.
Cote de Chdlon [kote dull sha-lo ng ], wines of,
VII. 412, 2 c.
COTE-D OR, department of France, V. 398.
Wines of, VII. 413, 1 a, c.
Cote du Rhone, wines of, VII. 412, 1 a.
Cote-Eotie, vineyard of the, VII. 412, 1 c.
COTES, Roger, English mathematician, V. 398.
CoTES-Du-XoRD [kote-dii-nor], department of
France, V. 398.
COTIIUR XUS, ancient boot, V. 398; XIV. 873, 2 a.
Co-tidal lines, XV. 746, 1 a.
COTIN, Charles, abbe" [kuh-ta ng ], French writer,
V. 398.
Cotise [ko-teez J, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 be.
COTOPAX I, volcano in Ecuador, V. 399 (ill.).
COTRONE [ko-tro -na], town of Italy, V. 400.
COTTA, German family, V. 400. Johann Georg,
publisher, 1 c. Johann Friedrich, theologian,
ib. Johann Friedrich, baron von Cottendorf,
publisher, ib. Georg, public officer and pub
lisher, 2 b. Bernhard, geologist, ib.
Cotta, fast-day food of the Capuchins, III. 763,
1 c.
COT TABUS, ancient social game, V. 400.
Cottbus, town : see KOTTBUS.
COTTENIIAM, Charles Christopher Pepys, earl
of, chancellor of England, V. 401.
COTTEREAU, Jean [kut-tro] : see CIIOUANS, IV.
520, 2 a, c.
COTTIN, Madame Sophie Ristaud [kut-ta ng ],
French novelist, V. 401.
COTTLE, Joseph, English publisher and author,
V. 401. Amos, 1 c.
COTTON, V. 401. Different species, 2 a. Shrub
cotton, 2 c (ill., 402). Ancient use of, 402,
2 a. Cotton fabrics of India, 2 be. Intro
duced into Europe, 403, 1 a. Early use in
America, 1 b. Sea island cotton, 2 b ; 405,
2 c. Culture in Asia, 404, 1 a ; in Africa, 1 c ;
in South America, &c., 2 a; in the United
States, 2 b. Upland cotton, 2 c. Gin house
(ill.), 405. Cotton gin, 406, 1 b (ills.). Cot
ton press (ill.), 2 c. Statistics, 407, 2 b, ff.
Use of cotton in paper making, XIII, 46, 1 a.
Cotton fibre, structure of, II. 373, 1 b. Dif
ference between cotton and linen fibre, V.
414, 2 c. Detection of cotton in linen fab
rics, 415, 1 a.
COTTON, Charles, English poet, V, 410.
COTTON, John, Puritan preacher, V. 410. See
BOSTON, III. 128, 2 c, and 129, 1 c. Monu
mental tablet in St. Botolplrs church, Bos
ton, England, V. 411, 1 ab.
COTTON, Sir Robert Bruce, English antiquary,
V. 411 ; III. 297, 2 ab.
Cotton chapel, III. 128, 2 c (ill.) ; V. 411, 1 ab.
Cotton gin, invention of, XVI. 610, 1 c: see
COTTON, V. 406, 1 ab (ill.). Use of steam in
cotton-ginning, X. 630, 1 ab.
" Cotton is Icing," V. 231, 2 c; VIII. 428, 1 c.
COTTON MANUFACTURE, V. 41 1 . Inventions of
Hargreaves and Arkwright, 2 a, ff. First ma
chines made in the United States, 412, 1 b;
XV. 88, 2 c. Introduction of the Arkwright
machinery. V. 412, 2 ab. The power loom,
413, 1 a. Processes of manufacture, 1 b, ff.
Difference between cotton and linen fibre,
414, 2 c. Statistics of cotton manufacture
in the United States, 415. 1 b; in England,
417, 2 a. u Cotton famine" in England du
ring the American civil war, 419, 1 a.
Cotton thistle, XV. 713, 2 a.
Cottonwood, tree, XIII. 711, 2 c (ill.).
COTTONWOOD, county, V. 419.
Cottonwood Falls, county seat, IV. 326, 1 b.
COTTON WORM, V. 419 (ills.). Boll-worm moth,
420, 1 c.
Cottopm asper (ichthyology), III. 428, 1 b.
Coitus (ichthyology), III. 426, 2 c; 427, 2 b;
428, 1 b. C. gracilis, 427, 2 c. C. viscosus, |
ib. C. gobio, 428, 1 a (ill.). C. asper, 1 b.
Coturnix (ornithology), XIV, 126, 2 c. C.
communis, ib, (ill., 127).
Cotyledon [cot-e-le -don], in botany, X. 267, !
1 b; XIII. 575, 1 ab, ff.
Cotyle ripa ria [cot -e-le], (ornithology), XV.
499, 2 a (ill.).
COTYS, Thracian female divinity, V. 420.
Cotyttia, a Thracian festival, V. 420, 2 ab.
Cotytto : see COTYS.
Coucn, Richard Quillar,Englishscientist,V. 420.
Coucher, in paper manufacture, XIII. 49, 1 ab.
COUCH GRASS, V. 420 (ill.).
COUCHING: see CATARACT, IV. 102, 1 be.
Couching floor, of a brewery, III. 257, 2 be.
coucou
COURT
233
Coucou : see CUCKOO, V. 557, 2 be.
COUCY, De [dull koo-se], French noble family,
V. 421. Thomas de (Thomas de Marie), 1 b.
Eenand or Raoul, 1 c ; romance of, ib. En-
guerrand III., "the Great," 2 a. Enguer-
rand VII., or Ingelram, ib. : see BUTTISIIOLZ.
Coudersport [kow -j, county seat, XIII. 776, 2 b.
COUGH, V. 421. Causes and varieties of, 422,
1 a. Relief of, 1 c.
COUGUAE [koo -gar], animal, V. 422 (ill.).
Couia : see COYPU.
Coulisse [koo-leece], in the Paris bourse, XV.
388, 2 c ; 389, 1 a.
COULMIERS, Battle of [kool-mya] : see ORLEANS.
COULOMB, Charles Augustin de [koo-lo ng j,
French philosopher, V. 422. His views on
electricity, VI. 502, 1 be ; 504, 1 a ; 505, 1 a.
Experiments on friction, VII. 491, 1 ab, 2 a.
See Torsion balance (Index).
Coulon [koo-lo" B ], defaulting French army con
tractor, referred to, III. 160, 2 a.
Coumarine [koo -ma-rin], vegetable principle,
XV. 796, 1 b.
COUNCIL, V. 422. In the Christian church,
2 c. Provincial councils, 423, 1 a. National,
1 b ; called by Napoleon without sanction
of the pope, ib. General or oecumenical
councils, 1 be ; those recognized by the Ro
man Catholic church, 2 be. Collection of
their acts, 424, 1 a. In political history, 1 b.
Council of Ten, ib., and VI. 182, 2 c. Of the
Ancients, V. 424, 1 c. Of Five Hundred, 2 a.
Of state in France, 2 ab. Of Castile, 2 b. Of
the Indies, 2 be. Privy council in England,
ib. Council of state in Prussia, 2 c. Fed
eral council in the German empire, 425, 1 a.
Councils in some of the United States, 1 ab.
COUNCIL BLUFFS, city of Iowa, V. 425.
Council of blood, I. 370, 1 ab; VI. 453, 1 c.
Council of conscience, in France, XIII. 176, 1 a.
Council Grove, county seat, XI. 844, 2 a.
Council of the north, in England, VI. 623, 2 c;
abolition of, 624, 1 c.
Council of troubles, I. 370, 1 a (ALVA).
Councils, Congregational, V. 244, 1 a-c. Ex
parte council, 1 c.
Councils, oecumenical, their supremacy over
the pope declared, II. 358, 2 c ; 359, 1 b.
COUNSELLOR: see LAWYER, X. 237, 1 b, 2 a.
COUNT, title of nobility, V. 425. Powers of,
426, 1 a; VII. 160, 1 c, 2 a. In England,
VI. 353, 1 a; XIV. 848, 2 c.
Counter, in pugilism, XIV. 76, 1 c. Cross
counter, 2 b.
Counterplace, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 b.
COUNTERPOINT : see HARMONY, VIII. 470, 1 b ;
Music, XII. 77, 1 ab. Double counterpoints,
91, 1 ab.
Counters, in bank-note engraving, VI. 655, 1 c.
Counterscarp walls, in fortification, VII. 329,
Ibc.
Countermllation, lines of, XV. 27, 1 a ; 28, 2 b.
Countess, title of, V. 426, 1 c ; VI. 353, 1 ab.
COUNTY, political division, V. 426.
County palatine : see PALATINE (Index).
County system: see TOWN, XV. 827, 2 c.
Coup de Jarnac [koo duh zhar-nak], IX. 567,
1 c.
Coupe [koo-pa], of a diligence, IV. 724, 1 a.
Coupe, in fencing, VII. 121, 1 c.
Couped [koopt], in heraldry, VIII. 673, 1 c.
Coupecille, county seat (now Coveland), IX.
428, 1 c.
Couple-close, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 2 a.
Coupler, in the organ, XII. 689, 1 b.
Coupling, in galvanism, for intensity or in
series, VII. 594, 1 b (ill.) ; for quantity or in
multiple, ib. (ill.).
Coupling of railroad cars, XIV. 181, 2 a.
COURAYER, Pierre Francois le [lull koo-ra-ya],
French ecclesiastic, V. 426.
COURBET, Gustave [koor-baj, French painter,
V. 426. (Died 1878.)
COURBEVOIE [koor-buh-vwa], village of France,
V. 427.
COURCELLES [koor-sel], battle of, V. 427.
COURCELLES, Daniel de Remi, governor of Can
ada, V. 427.
COURCELLES, Thomas de, theologian, V. 427.
Cour des poisons [koor da, pwa-zo ng ], in France,
IV. 242, 2 a.
Coureurs des bou [koo-rur da bwa], VII. 534, 2 c.
Courfeu [koor-fuh] : see CURFEW.
COURIER DE MERE, Paul Louis [koor-ya dull
ma-ra], French scholar and publicist, V. 427.
COUR LAN, bird, V. 427 (ill., 428).
COURLAND, province of Russia, V. 428.
Couronne de tasses [koo-run dull tas], in gal
vanism, VII. 588, 2 b.
Couronnement [koo-run-ma ng ], in fencing, VII.
121, 2 a.
Couroucou [koo-roo-koo j : see TROGON.
Cour pleniere [koor pla-nyiiir], VII. 385, 1 ab.
Cours de regence [koor duh ra-zha ng ce], in Jes
uit teaching, IX. 626, 2 b.
Course: see SHIP, XIV. 865, 2 ab.
COURT, in law, V. 428. Administration of law
in ancient countries, 2 c. In Rome, 429, 1 a.
234
COURT
COWICHANS
In England, 1 c ; courts of, 2 b ; ecclesiasti
cal courts, il>., and 148, 2 c, 149, 1 be; su
preme court, 430, 1 b. In France, 2 b ; par-
lenients, 431, 1 a; court of cassation, 1 c.
Responsibility of French judges, 2 a; of
English, 2 c. Rules of decision, 432, 1 c.
Courts of the United States, 2 c. Court of
appeals, in New York,. I. 595, 1 c; in Eng
land, V. 430, 1 be, c. Court of chancery, in
New York, IX. 795, 2 ab ; in England, V.
429, 2 b, 430, 1 b. See CHAXCEEY. Court
of claims, in the United States, V. 433, 1 c.
Court of common pleas, in England, VI.
60G, 1 a; V. 429, 2 a, 2 b, 430, 1 a. Court
of exchequer, in England, VI. GOG, 1 a; V.
429, 2 a, 2 b, 430, 1 a. Court of high com
mission, attempt to restrain its powers, V.
36, 1 c. Court of judicature, in England,
VI. GOG, 1 a. Court of king s bench, in Eng
land, VI. 605, 2 c; V. 429, 2 a, 2 b, c.
CorET DE GEBELIX, Antoine [koor duh zhaib-
la ng ], French author, V. 433.
COUETEX, William, English manufacturer and
merchant, V. 433. William, collector, 2 c.
Court hand, English, XVI. 739, 2 b.
COURT MAETIAL, V. 434.
COURT OF LOVE, in medireval France, V. 434.
Court of prize, I. 125, 2 c. See PRIZE.
COURTOIS, Jacques [koor-twa] : see BOEGOGXOXE.
COURTRAI, city of Belgium, V. 434.
Courtray : see COUETEAI.
Courts of Admiralty, in England, jurisdiction
of, V. 429, 2 be; 151, 1 a. See ADMIRALTY,
I. 124, 1 ab. In Ireland and Scotland, 126,
1 a. In France, 125, 2 c. In the United
States, 126, 1 ab.
Cousix, Jean [koo-za ng ], French painter, V. 434.
Cousix, Victor, French philosopher, V. 434.
His theory of philosophy, 435, 1 c ; his plan,
436, 1 ab. See PHILOSOPHY, XIII. 444, 1 b.
Cousin Alice, pseudonyme, VIII. 522, 2 b.
COUSIX-MOXTAUBAX : see PALIKAO, Count de.
COUSSEMAKEE, Charles Edmond Henri de [koos-
ma-kair], French author, V. 436.
COUSTOU, Nicolas [koos-too], French sculptor,
V. 437. Guillaume, 1 a, ab (two).
COUTAXCES [koo-ta ng ce], town of France, V. 437.
COUTIIOX, Georges [koo-to nff ], French revolu
tionist, V. 437.
COUTTS [koots] : see BUEDETT-COUTTS.
Coutume de Paris [koo-ttim duh pa-re], in states
from the Louisiana purchase, V. 594, 1 b.
COUTURE, Thomas [koo-ttir], French painter,
V. 437.
Consent [Fr. koo-va ng ], county seat, XIV. 533,
1 b.
Comre feu [koo-vriih full], II. 495, 2 c. See
CURFEW.
Gouxio [Port, ko-she -o], monkey, XI. 751, 2 c.
Couza (or Cuza), Alexander, hospodar of Mol
davia and Wallachia, XI. 705, 1 b. See
ALEXAXDER Jonx I.
Cove of Cork (Queenstown), XIV. 147, 1 be.
Coveland : see Ooupeville (Index).
Covenant, in law, V. 289, 2 b ; V. 755, 1 a.
" Covenant, First," of the Scottish Presby
terians, XIII. 810, 1 b. Second, 1 c. " Sol
emn League and Covenant," 2 a.
COVEXAXTERS : see CAMEEOXiAxs. The rock
prison purchased for their confinement by
Charles II., II. 372, 1 c.
Covenants in lair, V. 755, 1 a.
Covent Garden [kuv -ent], London, X. 614, 1 a.
COVEXTRY [kuv -en-tre], city of England, V.
437. St. Michael s church (ill.), 438. Cov
entry true blue, 1 a. Legend of Godiva, 2 a.
Sending to Coventry, 2 b.
COVEXTRY, town of Rhode Island, V. 438.
COVERDALE, Miles, English divine and trans
lator of the Bible, V. 43,8.
Covered way, in fortification, VII. 329, 1 c.
Cover point, in cricket, V. 482, 1 b.
Coverts, in the wings of a bird, VII. 105, 2 c.
COVILHAM, or Covilhao [ko-ve-lyow ng/ ], Joao
Peres da, Portuguese navigator, V. 439.
COVILHAO, town of Portugal, V. 439.
COVIXGTOX [kuv -ing-tun], two counties, V. 439.
COVIXGTOX, city of Kentucky, V. 439.
Covington, county seats, I. 324, 2 c ; VII. 351,
1 b ; XII. 344, 2 b ; XIV. 555, 1 b ; XV.
768, 1 a.
Cow : see CATTLE.
Cow and Calf, two rocks, VI. 315, 1 b.
Cowlane, plant, IV. 577, 2 a,
Cowlerry, XVI. 613, 2 a (ill.).
Cow BIED, V. 440 (ill.). See 557, 2 be ; XVI.
779, 2 c, and 781, 2 be.
Cow hunting : see Cow BIRD.
COW ELL, John, English civilian, V. 440.
COWES [kowz], seaport of England, V. 441
(ill.). Osborne house, 2 a.
COWE TA, county, V. 441.
COWETAS : see CEEEKS.
Cow fish, III. 226, 1 a.
Cowgate, street of Edinburgh, VI. 405, 1 c.
COWHAGE [kow -ij], plant, V. 441 (ill.).
Cowichans, tribe in Vancouver Island, XII.
480, 1 c, 2 a.
00 WITCH
Cow itch : see COWIIAGE.
COWL, monastic hood, V. 442.
COWLEY, county, Y. 442.
COWLEY, Abraham, English poet, V. 442.
COWLITZ, county, V. 442.
Cow pastures, in Australia, III. 048, 1 ab.
COWPENS, village of South Carolina, V. 442.
Battle of, 443, 1 a. See IX. 19, 2 c.
Cowper, Judith : see POPE, Alexander, XIII.
709, 1 c.
COWPER, William, earl, English judge, Y. 443.
Mary, countess, 2 a.
COWPER, William, English anatomist, Y. 443.
Cowper s glands, 2 a. See BIDLOO.
COWPER, William, English poet, Y. 443. u John
Gilpin," 444, 1 a, Translation of Homer, 1 b.
Cowpox, IX. 003, 2 ab.
COWRY, shell, Y. 444 (ill.). Tiger cowry, 445,
1 b (ill.). Shaking props (game), 444, 2 c.
Use of as money, ib. ; XL 730, 2 c.
Cowry, bird, III. 100, 2 a.
Cow slip, plant, XIII. 837, 1 b (ill.). American
cowslip, 838, 1 b (ill.).
3ow TREE, Y. 445 (ill.). Nutritive milk of, 2 a.
Cox, David, English painter, Y. 445.
Cox, Francis Augustus, clergyman, Y. 445.
Cox, Jacob Dolson, American lawyer and sol
dier, V. 445.
L ox, Richard, English prelate, Y. 440. " Bish
ops 1 Bible," 1 b.
Cox, Samuel Hanson, American clergyman, Y.
440.
Cox, Samuel Sullivan, politician, Y. 440.
COXCIE, Michael, Flemish painter, Y. 440.
COXE, Arthur Cleveland, American bishop,
Y. 440.
OXE, Tench, economist, Y. 447. See I. 93, 1 c.
/oxE, William, English historian and biogra
pher, Y. 447.
Coxis : see COXCIE.
Coxwell, aeronaut, I. 147, 2 a.
Coy a, venomous spider, III. 170, 2 c.
OYNE, Joseph Stirling, British playwright, Y.
447.
COYOTE [ko-yo -ta] : see WOLF, XVI. 090, 1 be.
COYPEL, Noel [kwa-pel], French painter, V.
447. Antoine, 2 ab. Noel Nicolas, 2 b.
Charles Antoine, 2 be.
COTPU [koi-poo J, rodent animal, Y. 447 (ill.).
Fur of, 448, 1 a ; VII. 539, 1 c.
COYSEVOX, Antoine [kwaz-vo], French sculp
tor, V. 448.
Coyty castle, ruins of, III. 280, 1 b.
Co -Yukon, Indian tribe, I. 242, 2 a.
CRAMP
235
COZZENS, Frederick Swartwout [kuz -zenz],
American merchant and author, V. 448.
CRAB, Y. 448. Brachyurans, 1 be. Anomu-
rans, 1 c; 450, 2 b; 533, 2 a. King crabs,
or horseshoe crabs, 448, 1 c ; 533, 2 b. See
KING CRAB. Structure, 448, 2 a. Meta
morphosis, 2 c. American edible crab, 449,
1 c (ill.). Soft-shelled crabs, ib. Rock crabs,
2 b. Common crab of Europe, 2 be (ill.).
Green crab, 2 c. Sand crab, 450, 1 a. Fid
dler crab, 1 c (ill.). Oyster crab, ib. ; XII.
772, 1 c. Spider crab, Y. 450, 2 a. Hermit
or soldier crab, 2 b (ill.) ; 533, 2 a. Robber
crab, 451, 1 b. Porcellanians, 1 c.
Crab, in printing press, XIII. 852, 2 c.
CRAB APPLE : see APPLE, I. 599, 2 be ; GOO, 1 c,
2 ab.
CRABB, George, English barrister and philolo
gist, Y. 451.
CRABBE, George, English poet, V. 451.
CRABETII, Dirk and Wouter [kra -bct], Dutch
painters on glass, Y. 452.
CRAB STONES, or Crabs Eyes, Y. 452; X. 480,
1 b.
Crackle wares, porcelain, XIII. 784, 1 a (ill.).
Cracknels, from whales blubber, XVI. 583, 1 ab.
CRACOW, city of Austria, V. 452. Royal cas
tle (palace), 2 ab (ill., 453). History, 453,
2 a. Republic of, 1 be.
Cradle, of American liberty, VII. 80, la; of
Swiss liberty, VIII. 274, 2 a. Rocker for
gold washing, 82, 2 be. Frame with scythe
for cutting and laying grain, XIV. 725, 2 c.
CRAFTS, Samuel Chandler, American senator,
V. 454.
CRAFTS, William, lawyer and author, V. 454.
CRAIG, county, V. 454.
CRAIGIIEAD, county, Y. 454.
CRAIK, Dinah Maria Mulock, English authoress,
V. 454.
CRAIK, George Lillie, English author, V. 455.
CRAIK, James, American physician, V. 455.
CRAKE, bird, Y. 455 (ill.).
Cram be mariti ma (botany), XIV. 729, 2 be
(ill., 730).
CRAMER, Johann Andreas [kra -mer], German
poet and theologian, V. 455. Karl Fried-
rich, scholar, 2 c.
CRAMER, John Baptist, musical artist and com
poser, V. 450.
CRAMOISY, Sebastien [kra-mwa-ze], French
printer, V. 450.
Cramp, in muscular structures, I. 571, 2 c.
Cramp fish: see TORPEDO.
236
CRANACH
CREEKS
CRAXACH, Lucas [kra -na k h], German painter j
and engraver, V. 456. Lucas (2d), 2 a.
CRAX BEREY, V. 456 (ill.). Cranberry rake,
457, 1 c. Medicinal use, ib. High, or bush,
VIII. 295, 2 c.
Cranborne, Viscount: see SALISBURY, XIV. 565,
2b.
CEAXCTI, William, American jurist, V. 457.
Christopher Pearse, artist and poet, 2 ab.
CEAXE, bird, V. 457. American (whooping)
crane, 2 c (ill., 458). Sand-hill crane, 458,
1 b. Crowned crane, 2 ab (ill.).
CRAXE, machine for hoisting, V. 458; ill., IV.
74. Bishop s boom derrick, V. 459, 1 b.
Travelling crane, ib.
CRAXE, Anne Moncure (Seemtiller), American
novelist, V. 459.
Cranesbill, plant, VII. 731, 1 be; spotted, 1 c
(ill.) ; small-flowered, 732, 1 a.
Crangon (crustacea), XV. 8, 2 a. C. vulgaris,
2 b (ill.).
Crania (brachiopoda), III. 177, 2 c.
Cranios copy : see PIIEEXOLOGY, XIII. 475, 1 b ;
476, 1 ab.
Craniot omy, in obstetrics, XII. 570, 2 b.
CEAXMER, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury,
V. 459. Decides in favor of Henry VIII.
the question of marriage with a brother s
widow, 2 b. Thrice pronounces his divorce,
1 c; 460, 1 a, b. A persecutor, 1 a, c. Fa
vors the translation of the Bible, 1 ab. Con
demned and burned, 2 a-c.
GRANTOR OF SOLI, academic philosopher, V. 460.
CRAXWORTH, Robert Monsey Rolfe, baron, lord
chancellor of England, V. 461.
CRAXZ, David [krants], German missionary and
historian, V. 461.
CRAPE, fabric, V. 461.
Crape myrtle, plant, X. 763, 2 a.
Crape ring, of Saturn, XIV. 640, 2 c.
CRASH AW, Richard, English poet and divine,
V. 461.
CRASSUS, Lucius Licinius, Roman orator, V.
461. Marcus Licinius, triumvir, 462, 1 a.
Cratce gus (botany), XV. 721, 2 a. C. crus-
galli, 2 be (ill., 722). C. cordata and other
species, 722, 1 b. C. oxyacantha, 1 c (ill.).
C. pyracantha, 2 c.
CRAT EEUS, Greek general, V. 462.
CRATES [kra -teez], Athenian comic poet, V.
462. Cynic, 2 b. Philosopher, 2 c. Greek
grammarian, 463, 1 a.
CRATI XUS, Athenian comic poet, V. 463. Poet
of the middle comedy, 1 c.
CRATIP PUS, Greek historian, V. 463, Philoso
pher, 1 c.
CRATJFURD, Quintin, Scottish author, V. 463.
CEAVEX, county, V. 463.
CRAYEX, Elizabeth : see AXSPACII.
CRAWFISH, V. 463 (ill., 464). European, 464,
2 b ; American species, ib. In the Mammoth
cave, 2 c.
CRAWFORD, name of eleven counties, V. 465.
CRAWFORD, Nathaniel Macon, American clergy
man, V. 466.
CRAWFORD, Quintin : see CRATJFUED.
CRAWFORD, Thomas, American sculptor, V. 466.
CRAWFORD, William Harris, American states
man, V. 467,
CRAWFORDSVILLE, city of Indiana, V. 468.
Crawfordsville, county seat, XV. 556, 1 b.
Crawfordville, county seat, XVI. 423, 1 a.
CraicfurcVs method of galvanizing iron, VII.
602, 1 a, b.
Crax (ornithology), V. 579, 2 be. C. aleetor,
2 c (ill., 580). C. globicera, 580, 1 b. 0.
rubra, 2 a (ill.). C. carunculata, ib., &c.
GRAYER, Gaspard de [kri -er ; Fr. kra-ya], Flem
ish painter, V. 468.
Crayons, composition of, X. 526, 2 ab.
Cream : see BUTTER.
Cream-colored ware, Staffordshire pottery,
XIII. 787, 1 a ; 788, 2 b.
Creamer Irake, III. 206, 1 b.
Cream of lime, X. 478, 1 b.
CREAM OF TARTAR, V. 468. Adulteration, 469,
1 b. Use in medicine, ib. ; in the arts, 1 c.
Cream ware, pottery, XIII. 783, 1 ab.
CREATIXE [kre -a-tin], V. 469 ; XVI. 224, 2 b.
Creatinine [kre-a -tin-in], XVI. 224, 2 b.
Creation, Cuvier s arrangement of its succes
sive epochs, V. 600, 1 be.
Creator, a personal, proofs of in creation: seej
AGASSIZ, I. 175, 1 a.
CREBILLOX, Prosper Jolyot de [zhuh-lyo cliihj
kra-be-yo ng ], French tragic poet, V. 469.
Claude Prosper Jolyot de, novelist, 2 c.
CRECY [kra-se], village of France, V. 470. Bat
tle of, 1 a. See VIII. 256, 1 ab.
Creden tes, class of Catharists, IV. 116, 2 ab.
CREDI, Lorenzo di [kra -de], Florentine artist,
V. 470.
CREDIT MOBILISE [kra-de mo-be-lya], of Paris,
V. 470. Of America, 471, 1 a.
CRED ITOX, town of England, V. 471.
CREEKS, Indians, V. 471. Massacre of Fori
Minims, 472, 1 a ; IX. 488, 2 c. Subjuga
tion and dispersion, V. 472, 1 a, ff. ; IX. 489
CREEPER
1 a, b, e. Removal from Florida, 493, 1 c.
Government, V. 472, 2 b. Language, 2 c.
CREEPER, bird, V. 472 (ill., 473). Brown
creeper, 473, 1 a. Tree creeper, 1 c. Black
and white creeper, ib.
Creeping to the cross, VIII. 101, I.e.
CREFELD [kra -felt], town of Prussia, V. 473.
CREICQTON, John [krti -tun], Irish soldier of
fortune, V. 473.
CKELLE, August Leopold [krel -leh], German
architect and mathematician, V. 473.
CREMA [krfi -ma], town of Italy, V. 473.
CREMIEUX, Isaac Adolphe [kra-myiih], French
lawyer and statesman, V. 473.
CHEMNITZ: see KREMNITZ.
CREMONA [krtl-mo -na], province of Italy, V.
474. Capital city, 2 a. Belfry tower, 2 b.
Cre natcs : see CEENIO ACID.
CKEN IO ACID, V. 474.
Crenildbnis tinea (ornithology), XVI. 734, 2 a.
CRENSHAW, county, V. 475.
CRE OLE, V. 475. Creole negro, 1 ab, 2 ab.
Creole dialects, 2 b.
Creole, slave ship, case of the, VII. 802, 2 a.
CBE ON, mythical king of Corinth, V. 475.
Legendary king of Thebes, 2 c. See (EDIPUS.
CREOSOTE, V. 475. Use in preserving meat,
476, 1 ab ; as a medicine, 1 c. Its relations
to carbolic acid, III. 7G8, 1 b, 2 a; 7C9, 1 b.
Creosoting, of wood, XIII. 824, 2 c.
Crepid ula (conchology), X. 480, 2 be (ill.).
Crepuscular curve : see TWILIGHT, XVI. 86, 2 be.
Cresap, Michael, captain, X. 575, 1 c, 2 a.
CRESCENT, V. 476. Its use as a device by the
Byzantines and Turks, 2 b ; III. 519, 2 a.
Orders of the, V. 476, 2 b.
Crescent, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be. (See
plate.)
Crescent City (Xew Orleans), XII. 321, 2 a.
Crescent City, county seat, V. 783, 1 a.
Crescentia citjete (botany), III. 560, 2 c.
CRESCENTIXI, Girolamo [kra-shen-te -ue], so
prano singer, V. 476.
CRESCENZI, Pietro de [da kril-shen -dze], Italian
agricultural writer, V. 476.
Cresol: see CARBOLIC ACID, III. 769, 1 c.
Crespy [krii-pe], peace of, VII. 382, 1 c ; 418, 1 b.
CRESS, plant, V. 476 ; XIII. 280, 2 c. Water
cress (ill.), V. 477.
CRESSON, Elliott, American philanthropist, V.
477.
CRESSY : see CRECY.
Crest, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 b.
ORES WICK, Thorn asj English painter, V. 477.
CRIMINAL
237
Cresyl ic acid: see CARBOLIC ACID.
CRETACEOUS GROFP; in geology, V. 477; IV.
231, 2 be; VII. 697, 2 ab ; VIII. 237, 1 c.
Cretan lull, capture of the, VIII. 679, 2 ab.
CRETE : see CANDIA. Labyrinth of, III. 696,
1 a ; X. 75, 1 b ; XI. 614, 1 b ; I. 699, 2 c ;
XV. 701, 2 a. Original settlers of, III. 696,
1 c. Dorian conquest, 2 a. Proverbial Cre
tan degeneracy (" always liars," Tit. i. 12),
ib. Roman conquest, 2 ab. Venetian rule,
2 b. Turkish oppression, ib. Insurrection
of 1866- 9, 2 be. Action of the great Euro
pean powers, 2 c. Final submission, 697,
1 ab. Government, 1 b.
CRE TINS (Fr. cretins, kra-ta ng ), V. 477. Char
acteristics, 1 c. Distribution, ib., ff. Causes
of cretinism, 478, 1 b. Treatment, 1 c. In
stitutions for, 2 a ; A r III. 300, 2 a (GUGGEN-
BUIIL) ; I. 20, 1 c (ABENDBERG).
CREUSE [krtiz], department of France, V. 478.
CREUTZ, Gustaf Filip, count [kroits], Swedish
poet and diplomatist, V. 478.
CREUZER, Georg Friedrich [kroit -ser], Ger
man philologist and antiquary, V. 478.
Creuziger [kroi -tse-gher] : see CRUCIGER.
CREUZNACH [kroits -na k h], town of Prussia, V.
479.
CREVECOGTJR, Hector Saint-John de [kraiv-kiir],
French agriculturist and traveller, V. 479.
CREVECGEUR, Philippe de, soldier, V. 479.
CREWE, town of England, V. 479.
Crex (ornithology), V. 455, 1 c ; XIV. 170, 1 b.
C. pratensis, V. 455, 1 c (ill.).
CRIBBAGE, game, V. 479.
Cricetm [kri-sO -tus], (zoology), VIII. 433, 1 ab.
C. vulgaris, 1 be (ill.).
CRICIITOX, James [krl -tun], the " admirable,"
V. 480.
Cricliton, Sir William, chancellor of Scotland,
IX. 514, 2 a.
CRICKET, insect, V. 480 (ills., 481).
CRICKET, game, V. 482 (ill.).
CRILLON [kre-yo ng j, French family, V. 482.
Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon, sol
dier, 2 c. Louis, second duke de, 483, 2 a.
CRIME A, peninsula of Russia, V. 483. De
scription, 1 b. Products, 484, 1 b. Indus
try, 2 a. People, 2 b. History, 2 c. Cri
mean war, 485, 1 ab ; VI. 618, 2 a; VII.
755, 2 b ; XIV. 493, 2 a ; XV. 62, 1 ab.
Crim ina Iwsce majcstatis : see MAJESTY.
CRIMINAL LAW, V. 485. Severity of primitive
laws, 2 ab. Greek and Roman laws, 486,
1 be ; Germanic, 487, 1 b ; English, 488,
238
CRIMMITSCHAU
CROPPER
1 b ; of the United States, 489, 1 b. Prin
ciples recognized in criminal law, ib. ; pri
vate and public injuries, ib. ; degree of guilt,
2 a; rules of evidence and mode of proceed
ing, 490, 2 a.
CKIMMITSCHAU, or Criminitzsehau [krim -rnit-
show], town of Saxony, V. 491.
Crimson dye, of the ancients, X. 76, 1 a.
Modern, IV. 779, 1 c ; VI. 342, 1 c.
Cringle, rope in a ship, XIV. 866, 1 a.
Cri nis Berenices, constellation, II. 552, 2 a.
CEINOIDEA [kri-no-id -e-a], animals, V. 491 (ill.).
CEISPIX AND CEISPINIAX, tutelary saints of
shoemakers, V. 491.
CEISSA, ancient town of Phocis, V. 491.
Crith : see MOLECULE, XL 712, 1 b.
Crith mum mariti mum (botany), XIV. 593,
1 b (ill.).
CRITIAS, leader of the thirty tyrants, V. 491.
Critical angle, X. 439, 2 c ; XI. 629, 1 ab.
Critical period (of life in women), I. 181, 1 b.
CKITO, friend of Socrates, V. 491.
CRITOLA US, leader of an Achaean insurrection,
V. 491.
GEITTENDEN, two counties, V. 492.
CRITTENDEN, John Jordon, American states
man, V. 492. George B. and Thomas L.,
generals, 2 c.
CEIVELLI, Carlo [kre-vel -le], Italian painter,
V. 492.
CEOATIA [kro-ii -sha], province of Austria, V.
493. Croats, 2 a (ill). History, 2 c.
Croatian language, XIV. 783, 1 b.
Crocine [kro -sin], coloring matter, XIV. 517,
2c.
Crockards, coins, XL 738, 2 b.
CEOCKEE, county, V. 494.
CEOCKETT, David, V. 494 ; I. 236, 2 a (ALAMO).
Oroclcford-8, London, X. 608, 2 b.
CEOCODILE, V. 494. Anatomy, 1 b. Common
crocodile of the Nile, 496, 1 c (ill.). Double-
crested, 497, 1 ab (ill.). Lozenged, 2 a. Long-
nosed, 2 ab. Fossil crocodiles, V. 497, 2 b;
VII. 651, 2 a; XV. 622, 1 ab (ill.). Croco
dile of the West Indies, I. 303, 1 a. Gange-
tic: see GAVIAL. Land, XL 749, 1 b.
Crocodilian*, V. 494, 2 a ; 497, 2 b ; VII. 651,
2 c. Fossil, XV. 621, 2 c.
Crocodilop olis, ancient city (Arsinoe), I. 771,
1 a; VII. 102, 2 c.
Crocodilus nilgaris, V. 496, 1 c (ill.). C. pa-
lustris, 2 b. C. marginatus, 2 be. C. bipor-
catus, 497, 1 ab (ill.). C. rhombifer, 2 a. C.
acutus, 2 ab. C. cataphractus and C. Jotir-
nei, 2 b. C. lucius, I. 333, 1 a. C. prisons,
VII. 651, 2 a.
CKOCUS, genus of plants, V. 498 (ill.). C. ver-
nus and Susianus, 1 a. C. sativus, ih. ; XIV.
517, 1 b (ill.). C. odorus, V. 498, 1 b.
CECESUS, king of Lydia, V. 498.
CEOFT, "William, English composer, V. 498.
Crofting, in bleaching, II. 703, 2 c.
CRO GIIAN, George, American soldier, V, 498.
CEOKEE, John "Wilson, British statesman and
author, V. 499.
CEOKEE, Thomas Crofton, Irish author, V. 499.
CROLY, George, English clergyman and author,
V. 499.
Crom arty : see Ross AND CEOMARTY.
CROMLECH [krorn -lek], V. 500; IX. 355, 1 a;
XVI. 426, 2 b. Kit s Coty House, V. 500,
1 c (ill.). Derivation of the word, VII. 198,
1 c. Cromlech at Tongataboo (ill.), 493, 1 b. j
Crompton, Samuel, inventor, V. 412, 1 a.
CROMWELL, Oliver, lord protector of England,
V. 500. In parliament, 501, 1 b. In the
army, 2 a. Charles I. delivered up to parlia
ment, 503, 2 c. Cromwell s political aims,
504, 1 b. Campaign against the Scotch,
2 ab. Charles I. tried and executed, 2 c.
Second campaign against the Scotch, 505,
1 ab. Battle of Worcester, the "crowning
mercy," 2 c. Made lord protector, 506, 1 c.
His foreign policy, 507, 1 be. His manage
ment of cavalry, IV. 145, 1 b. Tolerance in
religion, II. 626, 1 c. Kindness to George
Fox, VII. 361. 2 ab. Plan for a universal
Protestant missionary society, XL 640, 2 b. |
Lely s portrait of, X. 333, 2 c. See NAVI-
GATION LAWS, XII. 182, 1 c ; POLYGLOT, XIII.
687, 2 c. Richard, second lord protector,
V. 507, 2 c. Oliver, his son, 508, 2 a. Hen
ry, lord deputy of Ireland, ib.
CROMWELL, Thomas, earl of Essex, V. 509. His
services to the English church and state, 510, |
1 a. Advice to Henry VIII. on the divorce
question, VIII. 651, 1 c. Gregory Crom
well, baron, V. 510, 1 b.
Cronos, in Orphic cosmogony, XII. 711, 1 a.
CRONSTADT [krone -stat], seaport of Russia,
V. 510 (view).
CRONSTADT, Transylvania: see KEONSTADT.
Cronstedt (Axel Fredrik, 1722-65), mineralo
gist, XL 589, 1 b; XII. 431, 1 c, 432, 1 a.
Cronus, in Greek mythology : see SATURN.
CROOKS, George Richard, American clergyman,
V. 511.
Cropper, kind of pigeon, XIII. 504, 2 c.
CROPS
CRUCIBLE
230
Crops, rotation of, I. 198, 1 b; triennial and
quadrennial rotation of in Germany, Ylf.
747, 2 c. Enriching and exhausting crops,
I. 198, 1 c. Composition of, and value as
food, 2 c, ff.
CROPSEY, Jasper Frank, American artist, V. 511.
CROSBY, Howard, American clergyman and
author, V. 511.
Crosier, bishop s, II. GG3, 2 c.
CROSLAXD, Mrs. Newton (Camilla Toulmin),
English authoress, V. 511.
CROSS, V. 511. Forms of, 2 c, ff. (ills.). As
an instrument of punishment, 512, 2 b. The
chosen symbol of Christianity, 513, 1 a.
With other sacred symbols, 1 b. Its use in
the Roman church, 1 c. Legend of the dis
covery of the true cross, 2 a. Feasts of, 1 c,
2 be. Architectural crosses, 2 c. Waltham
cross, 514, 1 a (ill.).
Cross, in heraldry, VIII. G72, 2 a; 673, 2 ab.
Per cross, 671, 2 c. (See plate.) Crosses of
St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick, VII.
249, 2 c. Cross of Savoy, I. 373, la; F. E.
R. T., device of, -ib.
CROSS, county, V. 514.
Cross, iron, institution of the order, II. 756, 1 c.
CROSSBILL, bird, V. 514. American, 2 b (ill.). Eu
ropean, ib. White-winged, 515, 1 a (ill., 514).
CROSSBOW : see ARCHERY, I. 649, 1 b (ill.).
Cross Creek: see FAYETTEVILLE, VII. 102, 2 b.
CROSSE, Andrew, English electrician, V. 515.
Crosses, in hybridization, IX. 103, 1 c.
Cross hatching, in engraving, VI. 648, 2 be.
Cross-jack yard, in a ship, XIV. 865, 1 a.
CROSS KEYS, Virginia, battle of, V. 515.
Cross moline, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be.
(See plate.)
Crossop tilon (ornithology), XIII. 209, 1 c. C.
auritum, 2 ab.
Cross Timbers, the, Texas, XIV. 236, 2 ab ;
XV. 670, 2 c.
Crossville, county seat, V. 567, 1 a.
Cross-vine: see TRUMPET FLOWER, XVI. 16, 1 c.
CRCSWELL, Edwin, American journalist, V. 516.
CROSWELL, Harry, American journalist and
clergyman, V. 516.
Crotalaria juncea (botany), VIII. 633, 2 c (ill.).
Crotaline [krot -a-lin], rattlesnake s poison,
XIV. 216, 1 c.
Crotaloph orm (zoology), XIV. 216, 1 a, C.
miliarius, 1 ab. C. tergeminus, 1 b.
Crot alm (zoology), XIV. 214, 2 a. C. (urop-
sophus) durissus, 215, 1 c (ill.). C. adaman-
teus and C. horridus, 2 c.
CROTCH, William, English composer, V. 516.
CROTON, river of New York, V. 516. Aque
duct, I. 613, 2 b (ill.). Lake, 614, 1 a. Wa
ter works, XII. 394, 1 b.
Croton (botany), IV. 86, 2 c. C. Eleutheria,
51, 2 c (ill, 52). C. tiglium, V. 516, 2 be
(ill., 517).
Croton, ancient city : see CROTOXA.
CROTO NA, ancient city of Italy, V. 516.
CROTOX OIL, V. 516. Plant, 2 be (ill., 517).
Pseudo croton oil, 517, 1 b.
CROUP, V. 517. Spasmodic, 1 c. Catarrhal,
2 a. Inflammatory, 2 ab. True croup, 2 b ;
false croup, ib. Treatment, 518, 1 b. Spasm
of the glottis ("holding the breath"), 2 be.
Bloodroot as a remedy for, II. 739, 1 be.
Croupier, in horse armor, I. 734, 1 a.
CROUSAZ, Jean Pierre de [kroo-zu], Swiss phi
losopher and mathematician, V. 519.
CROW, bird, V. 519. American, 1 b (ill.). Eu
ropean, 520, 1 c. Hooded, 2 c (ill., 521).
Fish crow, 521, 1 c. Carrion crow of Cey
lon, 2 c. Red-legged, IV. 521, 1 c.
CROW BLACKBIRD : sec GRAKLE.
Crowd: see VIOLIN, XVI. 363, 2 b.
CROWE, Catharine, English authoress, V. 522.
CROWE, Eyre Evans, English historian, V. 522.
Crowfoot, plant, XIV. 202, 1 c; creeping, 2 c.
Crowing lien, IV. 782, 1 a.
Orowland: sec CROYLAXD.
CROWN, A r . 522. Roman crowns, 2 c (ills.).
Imperial and royal crowns, 523,1 be. British
crown, 2 a. Papal, 2 b.
Crown, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 ab.
Crow Nest, hill on the Hudson, IX. 30, 1 a.
CROWN POIXT, town of New York, V. 523.
j Crown Point, county seat, X. 109, 2 c.
Crowns, of lily of the valley, X. 474, 1 a.
Crown wheel, of a clock or watch, IV. 696, 2 b.
CROWS, tribe of Indians, V. 523 (ill, 524);
IX. 787, 2 c,
Growth, Celtic musical instrument, XII. 88, 1 b.
CROW WING, county, V. 524.
Grow Wing, county seat, V. 524, 2 a.
CROYDON, town of England, V. 524.
CROYLAXD, town of England, V. 524. Croy-
land abbey, 2 c (ill.). Bridge, III. 270, 2 c.
Croznt, Antoine [kruh-za], II. 629, 2 b, be.
Crozet [kruh-za] : sec KROZET.
Cruachan Ben [kroo -kan], mountain of Scot
land, I. 698, 1 b.
CRUCIBLE, V. 525; XI. 426, 1 b. Earthen
ware crucibles, V. 525, 1 ab ; black-lead,
2 a ; chemical, 2 b ; Hessian, IV. 649, 2 c.
2-10
CRUCIBULUM
CRYSTALS
Crucib ulum, fungus, VII. 533, 2 ab.
CRUCIFIX, V. 525.
CRUCIFIXION, V. 525. See CROSS, 512, 2 be.
CRUCIGER, Kaspar [kroo -tse-gher], German
theologian, V. 526. Georg, professor of
philosophy, 1 c.
CRUDEN, Alexander, author of " Concordance,"
V. 526.
CRUGER, John [kru -gher], colonial mayor of
New York, V. 526. John Harris, loyalist,
2 c. Henry, merchant, 527, 1 a.
CruiclcsJiarik asylum, Aberdeen, I. 21, 2 c.
Cruicl slianlcs : see CRUIKSHAXK, William.
CRUIKSHANK, George [krook -shank], English
caricaturist, V. 527. (Died 1878.)
CRUIKSHANK, William, Scottish anatomist, V.
527.
CruikshanVs lattery, VII. 589, 1 a (ill.).
Cruorine [kru -o-rin], in blood, XII. 771, 1 ab.
Crura cerebelli, in anatomy, III. 190, 2 be.
CRUSADE, coin, V. 527.
CRUSADES, V. 527. Ill treatment of Chris
tians in Palestine, 528, 1 a. Peter the Her
mit, 1 b. Council of Clermont, 2 a. Walter
the Penniless, 2 b. First crusade, 2 c ; sec- j
ond, 529, 1 be (see BERXARD, Saint, II. 574, I
1 a-b) ; third, 2 a ; fourth, 2 c ; fifth, 530, 1 c, j
and X. 184, 2 a ; sixth, V. 530, 2 be ; seventh, j
2 c, and X. 652, 1 c ; eighth, V. 531, 1 c, and
X. 653, 1 a, Children s crusade, V. 530, 1 c.
Immediate cause of the crusades, XIV. 757,
2 be. Influence on emancipation, 775, 1 a. j
Overthrow of the feudal system hastened I
by them, VII. 162, 1 be.
CRUSEXSTOLPE, Magnus Jacob [kroo -zen-stole-
peh], Swedish author, V. 532.
CRUSIUS, Christian August [kroo -ze-oos], Ger
man theologian and philosopher, V. 532.
Crust, in wine, XVI. 666, 2 be.
CRUSTA CEA, V. 532. Milne-Edwards s sub
divisions, 2 b. Organs, 2 c. Sense of sight,
533, 1 a; VII. 48, 1 b.
Crusta petrosa, of teeth, XV. 606, 1 c.
CRUVEILHIER, Jean [kru-va-lya], French physi
cian, V. 533. (Died 1874.)
CRUVEL LI, Sophie, Baroness Vigier, German
vocalist, V. 534.
Crux (cross), V. 511, 2 c. C. dccussata, 512,
1 a ; immissa, ib. ; commissa, or patibulata,
ib. ; ansata, b-c, and XIII. 380, 2 c.
CRUZ, Juana Inez de la [kroos], Mexican poet
ess, V. 534.
Cruzada [kroo-tha -^a] : see LENT, X. 344,
Ibc.
Cruzian a, fossil footprints, VII. 342, 2 b.
CRY OLITE, mineral, V. 534. Alum obtained
from it, I. 365, 2 ab. Alumina prepared
from it, 366, 2 c. Aluminum from it, 368,
1 a. Exportation of from Greenland, VIII.
233, 1 b.
Cryoph orus, water freezer, XVI. 699, 1 c.
Cryptobran cJius (zoology), XL 392, 2 b. C.
Japonicus, 393, 1 a. C. primigenius, 2 a.
CRYPTO-CALVIXISTS, V. 534. Crypto-Calvinis-
tic controversy, 2 b, and X. 639, 1 c, 733,
1 be.
Cryptococcus : see FERMENTATION, VII. 146,
2 c (ill.). Referred to, XVI. 775, 2 be.
Cryptog amous plants, X. 408, 1 c.
CrytopJiyllus concavus (entomology), IX. 772,
2 b (ill.).
Crypto pia, alkaloid, XII. 650, 1 b.
Cryp topm (zoology), XV. 810, 2 a,
Cryptu rus (ornithology), XV. 765, 1 be.
CRYSTALLINE LENS, V. 535 ; XVI. 392, 1 c.
Crystallization, V. 535, 2 a: see MAGNETISM,
XI. 7, 2 b. Originator of the theory of, II.
558, 2 a. Geometrical law of discovered,
VIII. 517, 2 a.
CrystallograpJi ie axis, X. 441, 2 a:
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, V.
General princi
ples, 2 b. Its mathematical basis, 537, 2 c.
Systems of (ills.) : isometric, 536, 1 ab ;
tetragonal, 1 c ; orthorhombic or trimetric,
2 a ; monoclinic, 2 b ; triclinic, 2 c ; hex
agonal, il>. ; rhombohedron, 537, 1 a. Con
stancy of the relative values of the axes, 2 a.
Variety of forms, 2 c. Modifications in de
rivative or secondary forms, 538, 1 b (ills.).
Relation of derivative forms to one another,
2 c (ill., 539). Relation of the physical
character of crystals to the forms and axes,
539, 1 ab. Variations in the angles of the
crystals, 1 b. Compound crystals, 2 a (ills.).
Aggregations of crystalline particles, 540,
1 b. Modes of crystallization, 2 ab. Origin
of the modifications of crystals, 541, 1 a.
Application of mathematics to crystallog
raphy, 2 c. See MINERALOGY, XL 589, 1 b, c,
2 a. Use of chromatic polarization in crys
tallography, X. 450, 2 ab.
Crystalloids, VI. 71, 1 c, ff.
Crystal palace, England, I. 251, 2 b; IX. 258,
2 c, 259, 1 c.
Crystals: see CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. Uniaxial,
X. 441, 2 a; 442, 1 c ; 446, 2 a (ills.); 449,
1 a; 450, 1 a. Biaxial, 441, 2 a; 442, 1 c;
449, 2 a, c (ills.); 451, 2 a, c (ill.); 452,
CKYTOPHYLLUS
1 a, ff. (ills.). Negative and positive, 442,
1 be. Right- and left-handed, 450, 1 ab.
Orytophyl lua conca mis (entomology), IX. 772,
2 b (ill.).
Crytops (myriapoda), IV. 203, 2 c.
CSABA [chob -aw], town of Hungary, V. 541.
CSANAD [chon -ad], county of Hungary, V. 542.
Town, 1 a.
CSOKONAI, Vitez Mihaly [cho -ko-naw-e], Hun
garian poet, V. 542.
CSOMA DE KOROS, Sandor [cho -raaw deh ko -
rosh], Hungarian traveller and orientalist,
V. 542.
i CSOXGRAD [chon -grad], county of Hungary,
V. 542. Town, 2 c.
Cteis [te -is] : see PHALLIC WORSHIP, XIII. 380,
CTEXOIDS : sec COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, V.
183, 2 c.
Ctcnol cibrus caru lem (ichthyology), XIII. 284,
1 b (ill.) ; XVI. 734, 2 a.
CTEXOPH OR.E, jelly fishes, V. 543. Pleuro-
brachia, 1 a (ill.).
Ctenos, city, supposed site of, IX. 285, 1 c.
CTESIAS, Greek physician and historian, V.
543. His knowledge of lightning rods, X.
465, 2 b.
CTESIBIUS, Alexandrian mathematician and in
ventor, V. 543. His improvement of the
clepsydra, IV. 670, 1 a. See HYDROMECHAN
ICS, IX. 115, 2 ab.
CTESIPHOX [tes -e-fon], Athenian orator, V.
543; 799, 1 be.
CTESIPIION, ancient city of Assyria, V. 543.
CU BA [Sp. koo -ba], V. 543. Coasts, 544, 1 a.
Topography, 1 c. Geology, 2 b. Minerals,
545, 1 b. Climate, 1 c. Flora, 2 c. Fauna,
546, 1 ab. Inhabitants, 2 a. Slave trade
and slavery, 547, 1 a. Productive industry,
1 c. Mines, 548, 1 c. Commerce, 2 ab.
Education, 549, 2 ab. Literature, 550, 1 ab.
Government, 2 a. Army and navy, 551,
1 ab. Banks, 1 c. Intercommunication,
2 a. History, 2 c. American opposition to
its transfer to any foreign power, 553, 1 c.
Projected acquisition of by the United States,
2 c, and I. 103, 2 c. Lopez expedition, V.
553, 2 ab. Cuban revolution, 554, 1 a, ff.
Virginius affair, XIV. 621, 2 c.
Cuban bloodhound, so called, II. 737, 1 b.
Cubature of solids, V. 555, 2 c.
CUBE, in geometry, V. 555. In arithmetic and
algebra, 2 c. Cubic equation first solved,
XI. 276, 1 c,
16
CULDEES 241
CUBEBS, V. 555. Piper cubeba, 2 c (ill., 556).
CUBIT, ancient measure, V. 556; XVI. 538, 2 a.
Cuboul bones, VIII. 825, 2 b.
CUCKING STOOL, instrument of punishment, V.
556.
CUCKOO [kook -oo], bird, V. 556. European,
2 c (ill.). Habit of laying its eggs in nests
of other birds, 557, 1 b ; I. 513, 1 b; II. 657,
1 a. American, 557, 1 c ; yellow-billed, 2 a
(ill.) ; black-billed, 2 c ; mangrove, 558, 1 a.
Cuckooes mate : see WRYNECK, bird.
Cucitjo, West Indian firefly, VII. 213, 1 c.
Cu culus (ornithology), V. 556, 2 ab. C. ca-
norus, 2 c (ill.). Parasitic habits of, 557, 1 b ;
II. 657, 1 a.
CU CUMBEB, V. 558. Common, 1 c (ill.).
Squirting cucumber, 559, 1 a (ill., 558).
Medical and cosmetic use, 558, 2 c. Cucum
ber ointment, 559, 1 a,
Cucumler tree, XI. 19, 2 b. Yellow, 20, 1 b.
Cu cumis (botany), V. 558, 1 b. C. sativus,
1 c (ill.). C. melo, XI. 372, 1 b.
Cucur Uta (botany), VIII. 131, 2 a; XIV. 87,
1 c. C. pepo, 2 a (ill.). See SQUASH.
Cucurlita cece, gourd family, VIII. 131, 1 a.
CUDBEAR [kud -bare], dyestuff, V. 559 (ill.).
See ARCHIL, I. 650, 2 c ; 651, 1 a.
CUDDALORE , town of Hindostan, V. 559.
CUD DAPAII, district of Hindostan, V. 559.
Town, 2 b.
CUDWORTII, Ralph, English divine and philoso
pher, V. 559. See MORAL PHILOSOPHY, XI.
807, 2 ab, 811, 2 c; PHILOSOPHY, XIII. 433,
1 a, 440, 2 be.
Cue, in billiards, II. 641, 2 c (ill.) ; 642, 1 a.
CUENCA [kwain -ka], province of Spain, V. 560.
Capital, 2 b (view).
CUENCA, city of Ecuador, V. 560.
CUEVA, Juan de la [la kwa -va], Spanish poet,
V. 561.
CUFAII : see CUFIC INSCRIPTIONS.
CUFFEE, Paul, American Indian preacher, V.
561. Paul, negro sea captain, 1 be. His ap
peal from the custom house officer to Presi
dent Madison, 1 c.
CUFIC INSCRIPTIONS AND Coixs, V. 561 ; I. 623,
1 a.
Cugnot, Nicolas Joseph [kti-nyo], his steam car
riage, XV. 335, 2 c (ill., 336).
Cuiaba: see CUYABA.
Cujacius : see CUJAS.
CUJAS, Jacques [ku-zhas], French jurist, V. 562.
Cula ro: see GRENOBLE.
CUL DEE^, religious fraternity, V. 562.
CULET
CUP
Culet) of the diamond, VI. 75, 1 be.
Culex (entomology), VI. 129, 1 b ; VIII. 49,
2 b, if. C. pipiens and C. Americana, VI.
129, 1 b.
Calhuas [kool -was], Indian race, XI. 472, 1 be.
CULIACAX [koo-le-a-kan J, city of Mexico, V. 563.
Cults idee (entomology), VIII. 49, 2 b.
CULLEX, Paul, Irish Catholic prelate, V. 563.
CULLEX, William, Scottish physician, V. 5C3.
His theory of inflammation, IX. 275, 1 a.
Cullenites and Brownites, III. 337, 1 b.
CULLERA [koo-lya -ra], town of Spain, V. 504.
Gullet, in glass making, VIII. 13, 2 c.
CULLO DEX HOUSE, V. 564. Battle of Culloden,
1 a, 568, 1 c; IV. 312, 2 a; VII. 706, 1 be.
" Culloden Papers," VII. 312, 1 be.
CULM [koolm], city of Prussia, V. 564.
CULM, town of Bohemia : see KULM.
Culm [kiilm], of grasses, VIII. 166, 1 a.
Culmination, in astronomy, XV. 841, 2 a.
CUL XA, town of British India, V. 564.
CULPEPEE [kul -pep-er], county, V. 564.
CULPEPEE, John, colonial political leader, V. 564.
CULPEPEE, Thomas, lord, colonial governor, V.
564.
Cultivator : see PLOUGH, XIII. 616, 2 ab.
dittos [kool -toce], Spanish poets, XV. 221, 2 c.
CulturgescTiichte [kool-toor -geh-shi c h-teh], in
German literature, VII. 771, 1 c.
Cul terin, I. 785, 2 a, be, 786, 1 a; III. 706 (ill.).
Culvert, of a canal, III. 681, 1 c, 2 c.
CUM^E, or Cuma, ancient city of Italy, V. 564.
Remains of Greek tomb (ill.), 565.
CUMAXA [koo-ma-na/], state of Venezuela, V.
565. Capital city, 2 b.
CUMA NIA, Great and Little, districts of Hun
gary, V. 565.
Cumam, race, V. 566, 1 a.
CUMBEELAXD, eight counties, V. 566.
CUMBEELAXD, county of Nova Scotia, V. 567.
CUMBEELAXD, county of England, V. 567.
CUMBEELAXD, city of Maryland, V. 567.
Cumberland, Ernest Augustus, duke of: see
ERNEST AUGUSTUS.
CUMBEELAXD, Richard, English divine, V. 567 ;
XI. 811, 2 be. Richard, dramatist, 568, 1 b.
CUMBEELAXD, William Augustus, duke of, V.5C8.
Cumberland Court House, county seat, V. 566,
2 b.
CUMBEELAXD MOUNTAINS, V. 568.
CUMBEELAXD PEESBYTERIAXS, V. 568.
CUMBEELAXD RIVER, V. 569.
Cumberland university, X. 280, 2 b.
CUM IXG, county, V. 569.
CUMIXG, Hugh, English naturalist, V. 569.
CUM IX SEED, V. 569 (ill.).
Cu minum cym inum (botany), V. 569 (ill.).
Gumming, county seat, VII. 326, 1 a.
CUMMIXG, John. British clergyman and author,
V. 569 ; XL 550, 2 ab.
CUMMIXG, Roualcyn George Gordon, English
sportsman and author, V. 570.
CUMMIXGS, Joseph, American clergyman, V.570.
CUMMINS, Maria S.. American novelist, V. 570.
Cunctator, title of Fabius. VII. 51, 2 b.
CUXDIXAMAE CA, state of Colombia, V. 570.
CUXDUEAX GO, supposed cancer cure, V. 570.
Cuneat io inscriptions : see CUNEIFORM IXSCEIP-
TIOXS.
CUXEGO, Pomenico [koo-nu -go], Italian en
graver, V. 570.
Cunegunda, empress of Germany, VIII. 657,
2 b and be ; 658, 1 a.
CUXEIFOEM INSCRIPTIONS [ku-ne -e-form], V.
570. Persian cuneiform writing, 571, 1 b, c.
Theories respecting, 2 a. Decipherment of,
2 c, ff. Persian alphabet, 573. Scythian
writing, 571, 1 b; 574, 2 c. Assyrian or
Babylonian, 575, 1 ab. Specimens with
translations, 575. 577. Account of the del
uge, 577, 1 c (ill.).
CUNEO [koo -na-o] : see Coxi.
Cunettc , in fortification, VII. 329, 1 c.
CUXXIXGIIAM, Allan, Scottish poet and prose
writer, V. 578. Alexander, soldier and an- j
thor, 2 b. Peter, author, 2 e.
CunningJiam, Miss Ann Pamela, projector of j
the purchase of Mt. Vernon, VI. 800, 1 b.
CUXXIXGIIAM, John, British poet, V. 578.
CunningJiam correspondence, I. 96, 2 c.
Cunobelin, British king, mint of, XL 616, 1 b.
CunocepJiali : see CYXOCEPHALI.
Cup, in the eucharist, withheld from the laity,
X. 640, 1 a-b.
CU PAR, borough of Scotland, V. 578.
Cup battery, VII. 588, 2 b.
CUPEL AXD CUPELLATIOX : see ASSAYING, II.
27, 1 c; ASHES, II. 5, 2 b; III. 62, 1 a; X.
260, 1 ab. Process of, II. 747, 2 a. Ger
man cupelling furnace, X. 260, 1 b.
CUPID : see EEOS.
Cupid and Psyche, story of : see PSYCHE. Its
author, I. 607, 2 c.
Cu pola, in distinction from dome, VI. 195, 2 b.
Cupola, a form of blast furnace, IV. 74, 1 c,
2 c (ills.) ; 75, 1 a and c.
CUPPIXG, V. 579 ; II. 738, 1 b.
Cup plant, XV. 46, 2 b.
CUPRESSUS
Cupressus (botany), V. 013, 1 c. C. scmpervi-
rens, 2 a (ills.). C. horizontals, 614, 1 a
(ill.). C. Lusitanica, ib., and IV. 164, 2 c,
165, 2 ab. 0. pendula, V. 614, 1 a. C.
thyoides, IV. 164, 2 c. C. ISTutkatensis, I.
241, 2 a.
Cupulif erce (botany), XII. 551, 1 b.
Curasao [Sp. koo-ra-sow J : see CURAC.OA.
CURAQOA [koo-ra-so -a], islan<j, V. 579. Li
queur, 2 a.
Gurari [koo-ra -rc] : see WOORARA.
Curarine [ku-rii -rin], poisonous principle,
XVI. 724, 1 a.
Gurawou [Dutch, koo-ras-sow ] : see CuBAgoA.
CUBASSOW , bird, V. 579. Crested, 2 c (ill.,
580). Globose, 580, 1 b. Red, 2 a (ill.).
Wattled, ib. Cushew curassow, 2 b (ill.)
Razor-billed, 2 c (ill.).
CURATE, in the church of England, V. 581.
Gurazoa [Sp. koo-ra-so -a] : see CURAC.OA.
Curbstone broker, XV. 388, 2 b.
CURCU LIO, beetle, V. 581 (ill.); II. 477, 2 b;
XIII. 621, 1 a. 0. pales, XVI. 536, 1 c.
Cur cuma (botany), XVI. 69, 2 be (ill.). C.
longa, ib. ; V. 586, 2 b. C. rotunda, ib.
Curcumine [kur -ku-min], coloring matter,
XVI. 70, 1 b.
CURES [ku -reez], ancient town, V. 582.
CURETES [ku-re -teez], priests of Cybele, V.
582 ; 604, 1 a.
Guretes, ancient people, I. 156, 1 b.
CURFEW, evening bell, V. 582; VII. 210, 1 b;
XVI. 629, 2 be.
Curia: see CURI.E, and PATRICIANS, XIII. 167,
2 c. C. Hostilia, C. Julia, and C. Pompeiana,
XIV. 410, 2 c.
CURI.E, in ancient Rome, V. 582 ; XIV. 410,
2 be.
Curia Rlia>torum : see COIRE.
Cunatii [ku-re-a -she-I] : see Iloratii (Index).
Curing house, in sugar making, XV. 446, 2 b.
CURIO, C. Scribonius, Roman general and
statesman, V. 582. C. Scribonius (2tl), 2 c.
CURIUS DENTATUS : see DENTATUS.
Curl, disease of the peach, XIII. 207, 2 c.
Curl cloud, IV. 710, 2 c.
CURLEW, bird, V. 583. Long-billed, 1 c (ill.).
Esquimaux, 2 ab (ill.). Iludsonian, 584, 1 a.
Largest European, 1 b. Whimbrel, 1 be.
Pink curlew, IX. 143, 2 c ; white, ib. ; Span
ish, ib.
CURLING, game, V. 584.
Curmrjh of Kildare, IX. 831, 1 b.
CUBBAX, John Philpot, Irish orator, V. 584.
CURTIUS
243
CURRANT, V. 585. Red, 1 b (ill.). Black, 2 a
(ill.). Fetid, 2 b. Other varieties. Currant
wine, 586, 1 b. Zantc currants : see RAISIN,
XIV. 189, 2 c.
CURRENCY : see MONEY.
CURRENT RIVER, V. 586.
CURRENTS, Ocean : see ATLANTIC OCEAN, II.
72, 2 a, ff. Cause of, 73, 2 b. Bearing
strait, XIII. 655, 1 a. Origin of northern, II.
77, 2 a. Antarctic current, 73, 1 b ; XIII.
657, 2 b. Equatorial currents, II. 73, 1 a-c.
Brazilian current, 1 a, and XIII. 657, 2 b ;
Guinea, II. 73, 1 a; South Atlantic, 1 b;
southern connecting, 1 b ; Renncl s, 2 a ;
La Plata, XIII. 657, 2 b. Polar currents,
II. 73, 1 c ; 75, 1 a, 1 c, 2 c ; 77, 1 a, b, c,
2 c ; XIII. 654, 1 c, ff. Influence of ocean
currents in the polar seas, XIII. 654, 1 a ;
657, 2 b. Currents in the Pacific and Indian
oceans : Agulhas current, IX. 244, 2 b ; East
Australian, ib., and XIII. 657, 2 b ; South
Australian, ib., and XII. 781, 1 c; Cape
Horn, ib., and XIII. 657, 2 b ; Ilumboldt or
Peruvian, XII. 781, 1 c; Japan, 2 ab ; Kam-
tchatka, ib. ; Madagascar, XIII. 657, 2 be ;
Malabar, IX. 244, 2 b ; Mozambique, 2 ab,
and XIII. 657, 2 be ; northern or current of
Mentor, XII. 781, 1 c ; north equatorial,
2 a, and IX. 244, 2 b ; south equatorial, ib.,
2 a, and XII. 781, 1 c.
Currents of wind, XVI. 657, 2 c ; XT. 436, 2 b.
CURRIE, James, Scottish physician, V. 586.
CUB EITUCK, county, A 7 . 586.
Currituck Court House, county seat, V. 586, 2 a.
CURRY, condiment, V. 586 ; XIV. 309, 2 b.
CURRY, county, V. 586.
CURRY, Daniel, American clergyman, V. 587.
CURRYING : see TANNING, and X. 275, 2 c.
CURSOR, Papirius : see PAPIRIUS CURSOR.
CURTESY, in law, V. 587 ; 755, 1 be; VI. 738, 1 a.
Curtilage, enclosure, III. 448, 1 c.
CURTIS, Benjamin Robbins, American jurist,
V. 587 (died 1874). George Ticknor, law
yer and judicial author, 2 b.
CURTIS, George William, American author and
journalist, V. 587.
Curti*, M. A., his experiments on fungi as
food, VII. 530, 2 ab ; X. 743, 2 ab ; XII. 71,
2 c ; 72, 1 a and c. His description of the
dion.Ta, VI. 122, 2 c.
Curtius [kur -shus], pseud onyme, XVI. 533, 2 b.
CURTIUS, Ernst [koor -tse-oos], German archae
ologist and historian, V. 588. Georg, phi
lologist, 2 b.
244
CURTIUS
CUVIER
CUETIUS, Marcus, legendary Roman hero, V. 588.
CUETIUS RUFUS, Quintus, Roman historian, V.
589.
Curvature, circle of, V. 589, 1 a.
Curvature of the spine, angular, XV. 268, 1 b,
2 a ; lateral, 1 b.
CURVE, in geometry, V. 589. Equation of the,
VII. 701, 2 b.
Curve of chemical force, XV. 247, 1 a (ill., 245).
Curves, Tschirnhausen s conception of the gen
eration of, VII. 701, 2 c. Transformation
of, by various modes, 702, 1 a.
Curvirostmta Americana (ornithology), V. 514,
2 b (ill.). C. leucoptera, 515, 1 a (ill., 514).
Curwen, J., his tonic sol-fa, XII. 83, 1 b (Music).
CUEZOLA [koor-tso -la], island of Dalmatia, V.
589.
Curzolari islands [koor-tso-la -re], VI. 386, 2 be.
CUEZON, Paul Alfred de [ktir-zo ng ], French
painter, V. 589.
Cuscuta, a vegetable parasite, IV. 714, 2 c.
GUSH, eldest son of Ham, V. 589. Land of,
2 a. Cushite race, 2 b.
Cushat [koosh -at], ring pigeon, XIII. 505, 1 b.
GUSHING, Caleb [koosh -ing], American jurist
and statesman, V. 589.
GUSHING, Luther Stearns, lawyer and judicial
writer, V. 590.
GUSHING, Thomas, statesman, V. 590.
GUSHING, William, jurist, V. 590.
CUSHMAN, Charlotte Saunders, American ac
tress, V. 591 (died 1876). Susan, 2 a.
CUSHMAN, Robert, a founder of Plymouth
colony, V. 591. Thomas, his son, 592, 1 a.
CUSK, fish, V. 592. American cusk, 1 b (ill.) ;
European, 2 a.
Cusse ta, county seat, IV. 339, 1 a.
Cusso [koos -so] : see Koosso, and II. 287. 1 b.
CUSTAED APPLE, V. 592 (ill.). Cherimoyeiy
2 c. Sour sop, ib. Sweet sop, il).
Cus ter, Gen, (George A., born 1839, killed by
the Indians, with his whole command, June
25, 1876) : see CIIEYEXXES, IV. 395, 1 c.
CUSTINE, Adam Philippe, count de [kiis-teen],
French general, V. 593. Renaud Philippe,
1 b. Astolphe, marquis de, author, i~b.
CCSTIS, George Washington Parke, adopted son
of George Washington, V. 593.
Custom of London, concerning a married wo
man, IX. 87, 2 b.
Customs, in distinction from excise, VII. 23, 1 c.
CUSTOMS AND USAGES, as common law, V. 593.
Customs of merchants: see LAW MEECIIANT,
X. 218, 2 c, ff.
Customs parliament, in Germany, VII. 759,
2 a, and be.
Custom work: see SHOE, XIV. 876, 2 c.
CUSTOZZA [koos-tote -sa], village of Italy. V.
594. Battle of, i~b., and I. 254. 2 c.
CUSTEIN : see KUSTEIN.
Cutatisium, ancient city, X. 66, 1 b.
Cutch, for dyeing and tanning, IV. 105, 2 c.
CUTCH, state of. Hindostan, V. 594. Runn of
Cutch, 1 c.
CUTCH, Gulf of, V. 594.
CUTCH GUNDAVA [gun-diV-va], province of Be-
loochistan, V. 594.
CuthcK ans: see HEBREWS, VIII. 589, 1 be.
CUTH BEET, English saint and bishop, V. 594.
St. Cuthbert s church, IV. 890, 1 be; his re
mains, il). See Saint Cuthlcrfs leads (In
dex).
Cuthlert, Benedictine monk, V. 595, 1 c.
Archbishop of Canterbury, il.
Cuthlert, county seat, XIV. 199, 1 b.
Cuticle, X. 273, 1 c. See EPIDERMIS.
Cutis, XV. 78, 2 c (cutis vent); X. 273, 1 c.
CUTLEE, Manasseh, American clergyman, phy
sician, and naturalist, V. 595. Settlement of
Ohio, 2 be. Jervis, pioneer, 590, 1 a.
CUTLEE, Timothy, president of Yale college,
V. 596.
Cutsanim: see OKANAGANS.
CUTTACK , division of Bengal, V. 596. City, 1 c.
Cutter: see YACHT, XVI. 701, 2 be.
Cutter, revenue, XIV. 855, 2 a.
Cutthroat game : see EUCHRE, VI. 769, 1 c..
Cutting and Bradford, photo-lithographic pro- I
cess of, X. 529, 1 a.
Cutting drawing, in glass painting, VIII. 26,
2 be.
Cuttings, propagation of plants by, X. 239, 2 be.
Cuttle lone, V. 203, 1 a ; 596, 2 ab.
CUTTLE FISH, V. 596 (ill.).
Cuttul Minar [koot-toob me-nar ], wrought- j
iron pillar, Delhi, IX. 390, 1 c. Mosque, V. |
780, 2 a.
Cuttul vd-Din [ood-deen J, founder of a dy
nasty, V. 780, 2 c; IX. 207, 2 b (Kuttub).
CUTTY STOOL, stool of repentance, V. 597.
CUT-WOEM, destructive insect, V. 597. Cut
worm and moth (ill.). European species,
1 c ; American, 2 a.
Cuvette , in glass making, VIII. 19, 1 be.
CUVIEE, Georges Chretien Leopold Frederic
Dagobert [ku-vya], French naturalist, V.
597. Fossil genera restored by him, 184,
1 ab ; I. 512, 1 a. His theory of the verte-
CUXHAVEN
bra?, XIII. 425, 1 b ; of the bones of the
head, ib. ; his comparison of the areas of the
cranium and the face, VI. 75:3, 2 c. His op
position to Saiut-IIilaire, XIII. 423, 2 be.
His classification of articulata, I. 782, 2 b,
694, 1 b; of birds, XII. 705, 2 a; of entozoa,
VI. CG3, 1 b ; of mammals, XL 80, 1 b ; of
mollusca, 50, 1 b ; of reptiles, VIII. 693, 1 a.
His divisions of mankind, VI. 754, 1 a.
Frederic, naturalist, V. 601, 1 a.
CCXIIAYEX [koox -ha-fen], town of Germany,
V. 601.
CUYABA [koo-ya-ba J, town of Brazil, V. 601.
River, 2 c.
CUTAIIOGA [ki-a-ho -ga], county, V. 601.
CUYAIIOGA, river, V. 602.
CCYP, Albert [koip], Dutch painter, V. 602.
CUZA, Alexander : see Couza (Index).
Cuzco [koos -ko], department of Peru, V. 602.
Capital city, 2 ab (view). Temple of the
sun, I. 398, 2 c. Remains of, 399, 1 a (ill.).
Cy amus (epizoa), VI. 694, 2 a; XVI. 579, 2 c.
Cyanocitta (ornithology), IX. 579, 2 c. C.
Californica and other species, il>.
CYAX OGEN, gas, V. 603 ; XII. 478, 1 a.
j Cyanos piza (ornithology), VII. 192, 2 c. C.
cyanea, IX. 251, 2 a. C. ciris, 2 c.
Cyanu ra (ornithology), IX. 579, 1 c. C. cris-
tata, ib. (ill.).
Cyathe a elegans, fern (ill.), VII. 151, 2. C.
arborea (ill.), ib.
Cyath oliths, IV. 775, 1 a (CoccoLixns) ; II.
391, 1 b.
CyatliopTiyl loids : see POLYPUS, XIII. 689, 2 b.
CYAXA RES I. and II. : see MEDIA, XL 633, 1 a, c.
CYBELE [sl -be-le], divinity, V. 603 (ill., 604).
CyVium (ichthyology), X. 794, 1 b. C. macu-
latum, ib. (ill.).
Cycadoi dea megalopTiyl la (botany), (ill.), V.
604, 1 c.
CY CADS (botany), V. 604 (ill.).
CYCLADES [.sl -kla-deez], Grecian islands, V. 604.
CYC LAMEX, genus of plants, V. 605. C. Eu-
ropamm, 1 a (ill.). C. Persicum, 1 b.
Cyclidi na, class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 b.
Cyclobranchiata [si-klo-brang-ke-a -ta], divis
ion of mollusca, XL 723, 1 b.
CY CLOID, curve, V. 605. Area between it and
its base determined by Galileo, XL 395, 2 a.
CYCLOIDS, fishes : see COMPARATIVE ANATOMY,
V. 183, 2 c; 184, 1 a.
CYCLONE , storm, V. 605. See HURRICANE,
and WHIRLWIND. Cyclone wave, IX. 83, 1 b.
CYCLOPEDIA, V. 605. Ancient cyclopaedic
CYNICS
245
works, 2 c ; mediaeval and later, 606, 1 ab,
ft*. Attempts to systematize and classify all
branches of knowledge, 2 b. Lexicographic
arrangement, 2 c. English cyclopaedias, 607,
1 b ; list of English and American, 608, 1 be.
Special cyclopaedias, 609, 1 a. French, 1 be ;
German, 610, 1 b; Italian, 611, 1 ab; orien
tal, 1 b.
Cyclope an architecture, in Ireland, IX. 355,
1 b. Cyclopean walls, V. 612, 1 ab. Cyclo
pean works, XIII. 235, 1 b.
CY CLOPS, in Grecian mythology, V. 611.
Cyclop- terus (ichthyology), X. 713, 2 ab. C.
lumpus, 2 c (ill.).
CY CLOSTOMES, fishes: sec LAMPREY.
Cyctoth urus didac tylm (zoology), I. 544, 2 a.
Cyd amum, site of, VII. 789, 1 be (GIIADAMES).
Cydip pe, priestess of Juno, II. 669, 2 b.
CYDXTJS, river of Cilicia, V. 612.
CYDO NIA, ancient city of Crete, V. 612.
Cydonia (botany), XIV. 152, 1 a. C. Japonica,
2 b, and VIII. 604, 2 c. C. Sinensis, ib., and
XIV. 152, 2 b. C. vulgaris, 1 a. Origin of
the name, V. 612, 1 c.
Cygni ncB (ornithology), XV. 499, 2 c.
CYGNUS, constellation, V. 612.
Cygnus (ornithology), XV. 500, 1 a. C. ferus,
1 b. C. olor, 1 c (ill.). C. Amcricanus, 2 b.
C. buccinator, 2 c.
Cylinder presses, XIII. 853, 1 ab (ills.).
Cylinder printing, of calicoes, III. 595, 2 c.
Cyllenian, epithet of Mercury, XL 404, 1 b.
Cylon, Athenian conspirator, II. 55, 1 a; I.
263, 2 c.
CYMBALS, musical instruments, V. 612.
Cyme, in botany, XIII. 584, 2 c,
Cymindis (ornithology), X. 19, 2 c.
Cymling, kind of squash, XV. 293, 2 a.
Cym opliane, gem, IV. 561, 1 c.
Cymraeg [kim -reg], the Welsh language, IV.
177, 1 be; 178, 2 b.
Cymri [kim -re], native name of the Welsh,
XVI. 425, 1 b. Language of the, IV. 178,
2 b. Literature, 179, 1 b; VI. 631, 2 c.
Cymric languages, IV. 177, 1 be, 2 a.
CYN^EGI RUS, Athenian warrior, V. 612 ; I. 151,
2b.
Cynanclie tons ilia r in [sl-nan -ke], disease, XV.
796, 2 b. C. trachealis, V. 517, 1 b.
Cynic philosophy (cynicism} : see ANTISTHENES;
CYNICS; PLATO, XIII. 603, 2 a; MORAL PHI
LOSOPHY, XL 809, 2 b ; PHILOSOPHY, XIII.
437, 2 be.
CYN ICS, school of philosophers, V. 612.
246
CYNIPS
CYTOBLAST
Cy nips termina lis (entomology), XII. 558,
2 b (ill.)- C. q. sponginca, &c., 2 c, ff.
CYXOCEPII ALI, baboons worshipped by Egyp
tians, V. 612 (ill., 613).
CynocepJialus (zoology), II. 183, 1 c. C. por-
carius, 2 c (ill.). C. hamadryas, 184, 1 b
(ill.). C. babuin, 2 a (ill.). C. mormon, ib.
(ill.). 0. leucophams, 2 c (ill., 185). C.
papio, 1 be ; XV. 263, 1 be.
Cyn odon dac tylon (botany), VIII. 168, 2 be.
Cyn omys (zoology), XIII. 802. C. Ludovici-
anus, 2 c (ill., 803).
Cynosar ges, gymnasium in Athens, I. 572, 2 b ;
site, II. 61, 2 a.
CYXOSCEPH AL.E, range of mountains in Thes-
saly, V. 613. First battle of, XIII. 239, 2 b ;
second, 408, 2 c, I. 156, 2 a.
Cynosse ma, battle of (Athenians commanded
by Thrasyllus and Thrasybulus), VIII. 194,
2 b ; XV. 726, 1 ab.
Cynthia, island : see DELOS, V. 783, 2 ab.
Cynthian a, county seat, VIII. 481, 1 b.
CYNU RIA, ancient district of Greece, V. 613.
Cypera cece (botany), XIII. 59, 1 c.
Cype rus papy rus (botany), XIII. 59, 1 a. C.
alternifolius, 2 a.
CYPEJE A (mollusca) : see COWRY, and V. 200,
1 c. C. aurora, 444, 2 c. C. aunulus, ib. C.
moneta, i~b., and 203, 1 c. C. princeps, 445,
1 ab. C. umbilicata, 1 b. C. tigris, ib. (ill.).
Cy-pres doctrine [se-pra], of trusts, XVI. 19, 1 b.
CYPEESS, coniferous tree, V. 613. Common
evergreen, 2 a (ills.). Spreading, 614, 1 a (ill.).
Portuguese and weeping, ib. Deciduous cy
press, 1 c (ill.). Cypress knees, 2 c. Age of,
I. 184, 1 a, 2 a. Cypress swamp, V. 770, 2 ab.
Cyp ria, epithet of Venus, V. 616, 2 c.
CYPRIAN, Thascius Ceecilius, saint, bishop, and
martyr, V. 614. The persecution of Decius,
615, 1 ab. Validity of baptism given by
heretics, 2 b.
Cyprin idce (ichthyology), IV. 16, 2 ab.
Cyp rinoid fishes (of the family cyprinidce), V.
628, 1 c.
Cyprinus (ichthyology), IV. 16, 2 b. C. carpio,
2 be (ill.). C. auratus, 17, 1 a, and VIII. 91,
1 b (ill.). C. gibelio, IV. 17, 1 a. C. caras-
sius, ib.
Cypriote inscriptions, language of the, V. 617,
1 a.
Cypripe dium (botany), X. 90, 2 b. C. specta-
bile, 91, 1 b (ill.). C. insigne, 2 a (ill.).
Other species.
CYPRUS, Turkish island, V. 616. Wines of,
1 c. Church of, 2 be. History, 2 c. An
tiquities of: see CESXOLA.
Oypsel -idcB (ornithology), XV. 519, 2 c.
Cypselu rus (ichthyology), VII. 297, 2 c. C.
comatus and C. furcatus, ib.
CYP SELUS, tyrant of Corinth, V. 617.
Cypselm (ornithology), XV. 520, 1 a. C. mel-
ba, 1 b (ill.). C. pelagica, 1 c.
Cyrence a : see CYEENAIOA.
CYREXA ICA, ancient country of Africa, V. 617;
II. 526, 2 ab.
Cyrenaic philosophy, I. 704, 1 c. See CYEE-
NAIOS.
CYEENAICS, school of philosophers, V. 617.
CYEE NE, ancient city of Africa, V. 617. Rock-
cut temple (ill.), 618.
CYR IL OF ALEXANDRIA, saint, V. 618. Mur
der of Hypatia, 2 ab. Refuses justice to the
memory of Chrysostorn, 2 b. Nestorian con
troversy, 2 c. His twelve anathematisms,
619, 1 a. His refutation of Julian s treatise
against the Christians. IX. 711, 1 a.
CYEIL OF JERUSALEM, saint, V. 619. The tol
erant pagan and intolerant Christian, 2 ah.
Cyril lic alphabet, XV. 104, 1 ab. See II. 787,
2 b ; V. 620, 1 ab.
Cyril Lucar, or Cyrillus Lucaris, patriarch of
Alexandria and of Constantinople, referred
to, I. 291, 2 ab. His fate, VIII, 218, 2 b.
CYEIL AND METHODIUS, apostles of the Slavs,
V. 619. Slavic version of the Scriptures,
620. 1 ab, 2 ab: see XV. 104, 1 a.
Cyrtoceras [sur-tos -e-ras], (palaeontology), XII.
712, 1 c.
CYRUS, river: see KUR, and IV. 133, 2 a.
CYRUS, the Elder, king of Persia, V. 620; II.
188, 1 a, 189, 2 c, 190, 1 c, 2 b. Herodotus
and Hebrew prophecy on- his capture of
Babylon compared, V. 621, 1 be. His sup
posed tomb, 2 be, and XIII. 144. 1 c. The
Younger, V. 621, 2 c.
Cyrus, patriarch of Alexandria, XI. 758, 1 b.
Cyst, internal parasite, I. 61, 1 b. See ENTO-
ZOA, VI. 665, 1 ab, 669, 1 c.
Cystic duct, II. 636, 2 c ; X. 538, 1 b.
Cysticer cits (entozoa), I. 61, 1 c. C. cellulose,
VI. 665, 2 ab. Production of, XV. 283, 2 ab.
Cystoph ora (zoology), XIV. 732, 2 c.
Cystot omy, in surgery, XIII. Ill, 2 b.
Cytcv a, ancient city, X. 66, 1 b.
CYTIIE RA: see CERIGO.
Cyt ism (botany), X. 74, 2 b. C. laburnum,
ib. C. scoparius, III. 329, 1 a.
Cytoblast, in protoplasm, XIV. 34, 1 ab.
CYTOD
DAGUERREOTYPE
247
Cytod,. in protoplasm, XIV. 34, 1 b, 2 b and c;
35, 2 a.
Cijtta ria, fungus, VII. 532, 1 be,
CYZ ICUS, ancient city of Asia Minor, V. 622.
CZAJKOWSKI, Michal [chl-kov -ske], Polish nov
elist, V. 022.
CZAR [zar], or Tzar, Russian sovereign title,
V. G22. Tzaritza, tzarcvitch, tzarevna, tze-
sarevitch, tzesarevna, 2 b, if.
CZARNIECKI, or Czarnecki, Stefan [char-nyets -
ke, -nets -], Polish general, V. 622.
CZARTORYSKI [char-to-ris -ke], Polish princely
family, V. 623. Michal Fryderyk, 2 a. Au
gust Alexander, 2 b. Adam Kazimiorz, ib.
Elzbieta, 624, 1 b. Mary a Anna, 1 c. Adam
Jerzy, 2 a; his friendship for Alexander I.
of Russia, 7>., and I. 280, 2 c, 281, 1 be.
CZASLAU [chas -low], town of Bohemia, V. 625.
Czechic poems [chek -ik], collection of, VIII.
441, 1 b.
CkjA*[cheks], II. 152, 1 a,ff.; 785, 1 c,ff.; 787,
2 ab. See BOHEMIAN LANGUAGE AND LITER-
ATTTSE.
CZEGLED [tseg -laid], town of Hungary, V. 625.
CZELAKOWSKY : see CELAKOVSKY.
CzExsTocnowA, or Czc-nstochau [chen-sto- k ho -
va, chen -sto- k how], town of Poland, V. 625.
CZERMAK, Johann Nepomuk [cheV-mak], Bohe
mian physiologist, V. 625. Jaroslaw, paint
er, 2 a.
Czcrnowice [cher-no-ve -tseh] : see CZERNOWITZ.
CZEKNOWITZ [cher -no-vits], town of Austria,
V. 625.
CZERNY, Karl [cher -ne], German composer, V.
625.
CZERXY GEORGE, Servian chief, V. 625.
Czerski, Johann [cheV-ske], one of the found
ers of the German Catholics, VII. 736, 2 a.
CZUCZOR [tsoo -tsor], Gergely, Hungarian au
thor, V. 626.
D
D, letter, V. 626. Its sound and relations, 1 b,
^T. As a numeral, 627, 1 a; abbreviation,
1 b ; musical sign, 1 c.
Dal, fish, VII. 286, 2 b (rusty) ; 287, 1 b.
DABLOX. Claude [da-blo ng ], Jesuit missionary,
V. 627.
Ddboia, snake, IX. 204, 1 c.
DACCA, district of India, V. 627. Capital, 2 c
(view). Muslins of Dacca, 628, 1 a; 403, 1 a.
DACCA JELALPOOR : see FUREEDPOOR.
DACE, fish, V. 628. Orange dace, 1 c; roach
dace, 2 a, and XIV. 352, 1 a ; black-nosed,
V. 628, 2 be (ill.), and XI. 613, 1 c; long-
nosed, V. 628, 2 c ; red, ib. ; other kinds,
629, 1 a; common European, 1 b.
Dacelo (ornithology), IX. 840, 1 be. D. gigas, ib.
DACIA, ancient Roman province, V. 629.
DACIER, Andre [da-se-a], French scholar, V.
629. Anne, scholar, 2 b.
Dacke, Nils [dak -kehj, revolt of, VIII. 337, 2 c.
DA COSTA, Izaak, Dutch poet, V. 630.
Dactyle thra (zoology), XV. 779, 1 a.
Dac tyli Idce i, fossils, II. 485, 1 a.
Dactyli* caspitosa (botany), VIII. 167, 1 c.
D. glomerata, 168, 1 a (ill., 167).
DACTYLOI/OGY : see DEAF AND DUMB.
Dactyl omancy, in divination, VI. 153, 2 c.
Dactylop termvol items (ichthyology), VII. 298,
1 a (ill.).
DADE, three counties, V. 630.
.\
VKUsrrv
-IHM. M
Z>^7<?, Major, XIV. 759, l<c. ( 1 ^\
Dadeville, county seat, XV. ^57, 1 a.
Daddla [ded -a-la], festival of the, IV. 614, 1 c.
Dcedala, ancient Greek sculptures, V. 630, 2 be ;
XIV. 718, 1 b (Saidala).
Dadalids, ancient sculptors, XIV. 718, 1 b.
DJ-DALUS, mythical Greek artist, V. 630.
DAEL, Jan Frans van [dal], Belgian painter, V.
630.
DAEXDELS, Herman "Willem [dan -delce], Dutch
general, V. 630.
Daffadowndilly, plant, XII. 145, 2 a.
DAFFODIL: see NARCISSUS, XII. 144, 1 c, 145,
2 a (ill.). Pale daffodil, 144, 2 b.
Daffodilly, plant, XII. 145, 2 a.
Dof ila (ornithology), VI. 288, 1 c. D. acuta,
ib. (ill.).
DAGGETT, David, American jurist, V. 631.
DAGGETT, Naphtali, clergyman, V. 631.
DAGIIESTAN , province of Russia, V. 631.
Dagmar [da -mar], wife of the crown prince of
Russia, IV. 529, 1 c.
DAG OBERT I. [Fr. da-giih-bair], king of the
Franks, V. 631. Dagobert II., 632, 1 a.
DA GON, Philistine idol, V. 632 ; XII. 117, 2 c.
DAGUERRE, Louis Jacques Mande [da-gair], in
ventor of the daguerreotype, V. 632. His
process, XIII. 469, 1 be.
Daguerreotype [da-gheV-o-tipe], V. 632, 2 a;
II. 444, 1 b. Process of the, XIII. 469; 1 be.
248
DAGUIN
DALRYMPLE
DAGUIN, Pierre Adolphe [da-ga" 8 ], French phys
icist, V. 632.
DaU, Dr. [dal], Swedish botanist, V. 634, 1 ab.
DAHL, Johann Kristen Clausen, Norwegian
painter, V. 632.
DAHL, Mikael, Swedish painter, V. 632.
DAHL, Vladimir Ivanovitch, Russian author, Y.
632.
DAHLBOM, Anders Gustaf [dal -bome], Swedish
entomologist, V. 633.
DAIILGREX, Karl Johan [dal -gren], Swedish
poet, V. 633.
DAIILGREN, John Adolf, American naval officer,
V. 633. His guns, I. 790, 2 b (ill.). Ulric,
soldier, V. 633, 2 a.
DAHLIA [da -lya or da/-lya], genus of plants,
V. 633 (ill.). D. superflua, frustranea, varia-
bilis, 2 b. Mummied tubers of, XVI. 587,
2b.
DAHLMAXX, Friedrich Christoph [dal -man],
German historian, V. 634.
DAHLONE GA, town of Georgia, V. 634.
Ddhna, Arabian desert, I. 618, 1 b; 619, 1 a.
DAHOMEY [da-ho -ma], kingdom of Africa, V.
634. Dahomans, 635, 2 a (ill.). Religion,
636, 1 a. Government, 1 c. The king s
Amazonian body guard, 2 be. History, 637,
1 a.
Daikon [di -kone], vegetable, IX. 532, 2 a.
"Daily Advertiser," of Boston, VIII. 390, 2 a.
Daimio [dl -me-o], Japanese noble, IX. 544,
2 b ; 547, 1 a.
DAIRY : see BUTTER, CATTLE, and CHEESE.
DAISY, plant, V. 638 (ill.). Ox-eye daisy, 2 a
(ill.). Ox-eye daisy powder, XIII. 328, 2 be.
Ddkhani, a Hindi dialect, IX. 217, 1 a,
Dalhil, asylum, II. 450, 2 be.
DAKO TA, territory, V. 638. Population, 2 b.
Indians, 2 c. Surface, 639, 1 a. Hydrogra
phy, 1 be. Climate, 2 c. Soil and produc
tions, 640, 1 a. Railroads, 2 a. Govern
ment, 2 b. Education, &c., 2 c. History,
641, 1 a.
DAKOTA, two counties, V. 641.
Dakota, county seat, V. 641, 1 c.
Dakota City, county seat, IX. 40, 2 c.
DAKOTAS, family of Indians, V. 641. See Sioux.
Dakro: see DAHOMEY, V. 636, 2 b.
DaTcsJia, in Brahman mythology, IX. 230, 1 c.
Dalai-lama [da-li -la -ma], in Thibet, III. 401,
lb; X. 116, 1 a; XV. 704, 2 c.
Dalarne [da-lar -neh] : see DALECARLIA.
DALAYRAC, Nicolas [da-la-rak], French com
poser, V. 641.
DALBERG [dal -bairg], family of Germany, V.
641. Johann, bishop of Worms, 2 be, Wolf
gang Heribert, minister of Baden, 2 c. Em
merich Joseph, duke and peer of France,
diplomatist, ib. Karl Theodor Anton Maria,
archbishop elector of Mentz and archchan-
cellor, 2 c.
D alb erg -Act on, Sir John Em eric Edward, I.
78, 1 ab.
Dalburg [dal -boorg] ; see DALBERG.
DAL BY, Isaac, English mathematician, V. 642.
DALE, county, V. 642.
DALE, David, Scottish manufacturer, V. 642.
DALE, Richard, American naval officer, V. 642.
DALECARLIA [da-la-kar -le-a], ancient province
of Sweden, V. 642 ; X. 44, 1 b.
DAL ELF, river of Sweden, V. 643.
DALGAR NO, George, British philologist, V. 643.
His "Deaf and Dumb Man s Tutor," 1 b.
DALHOUSIE, James Andrew Broun Ramsay,
marquis of [dal-hoo -ze], British statesman,
V. 643.
Dalibard [da-le-bar], (Thomas Francois, 1703-
79), French naturalist, his experiments in
electricity, X. 464, 1 b.
Dalici [da-le -se], tree, VII. 110, 1 c.
Doll, William H, [dal], American scientist, I.
241, 2 b.
DALLAS, five counties, V. 643.
Dallas, county seats, III. 17, 1 a; V. 643, 2 c;
VII. 643, 2 c; XIII. 176, 2 ab; 679, 2 a;
680, 1 b.
DALLAS, Alexander James, American states
man and financier, V. 644.
DALLAS, George Minim, vice president of the
United States, V. 644.
DALLAS, Robert Charles, British author, V. 645.
Dalling and Bulwer, Baron : see BULWER,
Henry Lytton Earle.
DALL ONGARO, Francesco [dul oan ; -ga-ro],
Italian poet, V. 645.
DALMATIA, crownland of Austria, V. 645.
Literature of, XIV. 784, 1 be. Duke of:
see SOULT.
DALMAT ICA, sacerdotal vestment, V. 646.
DAL RYMPLE, Scottish family, V. 646. James,
Viscount Stair, jurist, 2 c. John, earl of
Stair, author of the Glencoe massacre, 647,
1 b. John, earl of Stair, soldier and diplo
matist, ib. Sir David, Lord Hailes, jurist
and author, 1 c. Alexander, hydrographer
and author, 2 b.
Dalrymple, naturalist, his observations on the
structure of animalcules, I. 517, 2 b; 518, 1 a.
DALTOX
DANBY
249
DALTOX [dawl -tun], town of Georgia, V. 647.
DALTOX, Edward Barry, American physician,
V. 647.
DALTOX, John, English chemist, V. 648. Atom
ic theory of, II. 86, 2 be, if.: see CHEMIS
TRY, IV. 365, 2 c. His theory of the diffu
sion of gases through one another, VII. 634,
2 c. His discovery of the effect of air or gas
in preventing evaporation, VI. 706, 1 a.
DALTOX, John Call, American physiologist, V.
648.
Dalton and Gay-Lussac s law, XIII. 628, 1 b.
Daltonism, defect of vision, V. 108, 2 a; 648, 1 c.
Daly, Captain, pseudonyme, VII. 125, 2 b.
DALY, Cesar [da-le], French architect, V. 649.
DAM, V. 649. Principles and methods of con
struction, 1 c, ff. Dam across the Connecti
cut river, 2 c ; across the Furens in France,
il. (ill., 650). Coffer dam, 650, 1 c (ill.).
Dama (zoology), V. 757, 1 c. D. vulgaris, VII.
75, 1 a (ill.) ; III. 385, 1 b.
Daman , seaport : see DAMAUX.
Daman, animal, IX. 138, 1 c.
Damanu [da-ma-noo J, tree, VII. 110, 1 c.
Damaras [da-ma -ras], African tribe, IX. 9, 1 c.
DAMASCENE , John, saint and doctor of the
church, V. 651.
DAMASCE XUS, Nicolaus, Greek historian and
philosopher, V. 651.
DAMAS CIUS, Greek philosopher, V. 651.
DAMASCUS, city of Syria, V. 651 ; view, 652.
Description, 651, 2 b. Commerce, 652, 2 a.
History, 2 c. Massacre of the Christians
in 1860, 653, 1 be. Captured and sacked
under Tiglath-Pileser, 234, 2 ab.
Damascus, in Greek mythology, II. 193, 2 a.
DAMASCUS BLADES, V. 653. Efforts to imitate
them, 2 ab. Indian method of making steel,
654, 1 b. Gen. Anosoff s researches, 2 a;
his processes, 2 c.
DAMASK, fabric, V. 655. Tweeling or twilling,
2 c. Diaper, ib.
Damask, in gun barrels, VIII. 356, 2 a.
DAMASKEEN IXG, inlaying of metals, V. 655.
For the internal parts of watches, IV. 706,
lab.
Damaz tes, legendary robber, XIV. 26, 2 c.
DAMAUX , seaport of India, V. 656.
Damlo lo : see DAMBOOL.
DAMBOOL , village of Ceylon, V. 656. Dam-
boollagalla, rock with cave temples, 1 b.
DAMER, Anne Seymour, English sculptor, V. 656.
DAMIANI, Pietro [da-mya -ne], Italian prelate
and saint, V. 656.
DAMIEXS, Robert Francois [da-mya nK ], French
regicide, V. 656.
DAMIET TA, town of Egypt, A r . 656.
DAMIROX, Jean Philibert [da-me-ro ng ], French
philosopher, V. 657.
Da mium, a Roman sacrifice, III. 23, 2 c.
Daimnesz, Lucas: see LEYDEX, Lucas van.
Damnum absque injuria, legal phrase, I. 77, 1 c.
DAMOCLES [dam -o-kleez], Syracusan courtier,
V. 657.
DA MOX AXD PYTII IAS, V. 657.
DAMOKEAU, Laure Cinthie [da-miih-ro], French
vocalist, V. 657 ; I. 798, 1 b.
Damper, in musical instruments, XIII. 488,
la; of piano, 491, 1 a.
DAMPIER, William [dam -peer], English navi
gator, V. 657.
DAMPIEKEE, Auguste Henri Marie Picot, mar
quis de [da" g -pyfiir], French soldier, V. 657.
DAX, son of Jacob, V. 658. City, 1 be.
DAX, river, V. 658.
Dan, title : see Dox.
DA XA, Francis, American jurist, V. 658.
DAXA, James Dwight, American geologist and
mineralogist, V. 659. On corals, 339, 2 a,
ff. On the nomenclature of minerals, XI.
588, 1 b ; treatise on mineralogy, 591, 1 ab.
Limits of the marine fauna) as shown by
him, VII. 240, 1 c. His definition of polyps,
XIII. 689, 1 c; classification of, 2 b. On
the continuity of the course of life, VII. 11,
2 c; 15, 1 a, Description of geological
changes, ib. His theory of the origin of the
glacial drift, VI. 113, 1 c; of cephalization,
XIII. 428, 2 b, 429, 1 a.
DAXA, Richard, American jurist, V. 659.
DAXA, Richard Henry, poet and essayist, V.
660; XVI. 198, 1 a.
DAXA, Richard Henry, jr., author and lawyer,
V. 660.
DAXA, Samuel Luther, chemist, V. 661.
DAXAE [dan -a-c], in Greek mythology, V. 662.
DAXAIDES [da-nd -e-deez], daughters of Danaiis,
V. 662.
Danais [dan -a-is], entomology, III. 498, 2 a.
D. plexippus, ib.
Danakil, Mohammedan nation of E. Africa, I.
79, 2 c ; II. 23, 1 c.
Dan apris: see DXIEPER.
Dan aster : see DXIESTER.
DAXAUS [dan -a-us], mythical king, A 7 . 662.
DAXBITRY, town of Connecticut, V. 662.
Daiibury, county seat, XV. 394, 2 b.
DAXBY, Francis, British painter, V. 662.
250
DANCE
DARCET
DAXCE, George, English architect and artist,
V. 062,
DAXCE OF DEATH, V. 663. Poems upon, 1 be.
Paintings of, 1 c.
Dancette line, in heraldry, VIII. 672, 1 a.
Dancing : see BALLET.
DANCING DISEASE, V. 663.
DAXCOURT, Florent Carton [da ng -koor], French
comedian, V. 664.
DAX DELIOX, plant, V. 664 (ill.).
DAX DOLO, Enrico, doge of Venice, V. 664; 530,
1 ab ; VI. 182, 2 be, Andrea, doge, V. 665,
1 b. Girolamo, author, 1 c.
DAXDOLO, Vincenzo, count, Italian chemist, V.
665. Tullio, author, 2 b.
Dandridge, county seat, IX. 587, 1 c.
DAXE, county, V. 665.
DAXE, Nathan, American jurist, V. 666. Or
dinance excluding slavery from the north
western territory, 1 b. Dane professorship
of law, 1 c.
DAXE GELT, ancient tax, V. 666 ; VI. 745, 1 c.
Danei, Paolo Francesco [dii-na -e], (St. Paul of
the Cross), XIII. 152, 1 b, 2 a.
Dangerous space, in gunnery, VIII. 326, 1 a.
Dangleberry, XVI. 613, 1 c (ill.).
Dang-Trong, Cochin China, I. 456, 2 a; IV.
777, 1 b.
DAXICAX, Francois Andre (Philidor), [da-ne-
ka ng ], French chess player, V. 666.
Danidani [da-ne-da -ne], plant, VII. 110, 1 c.
DANIEL [dan -yel], Hebrew prophet, V. 666.
Book of Daniel, 667, 1 c.
DAXIEL, Hermann Adalbert [da -ne-el], German
theologian and geographer, V. 668.
DAXIEL, Samuel, English author, V. 668.
DAXIELL, John Frederick, physicist, V. 668.
His galvanic battery, VII. 590, 1 b (ill.). His
water barometer, II. 328, 1 b.
DAXIELL, Samuel, artist and traveller, V. 668.
DAXIELL, Thomas, painter, V. 668.
DAXIELL, "William, painter, V. 668.
Danielsmlle, county seat, X. 820, 1 a.
Danilo I. [da-ne -lo], prince of Montenegro,
XL 780, 2 a.
Danish balance, IT. 234, 2 b.
DANISH LANGUAGE AXD LITERATUKE : see DEX-
MARK, Language and Literature of.
Dan ites: see MORMONS, XI. 834, 2 c, and
YOUXG, Brigham, XVI. 795, 1 ab.
DanTcs, Samuel, his rotary puddler, IX. 401, 2 c
(ill., 402).
DAN XECKER, Johann Ileinrich von, German
sculptor, V. 669.
DANNEMO RA, parish of Sweden, V. 669.
DANXEMORA, town of New York, V. 669.
Banner, Countess, morganatic wife of Frede
rick VII. of Denmark, VII. 450, 2 b.
DAXSVILLE, village of New York, V, 609.
DAXTAX, Jean Pierre [da n|r -ta nB ], French sculp
tor, V. 669.
DAXTE DEGLI ALIGHIERI [dan -tfi da -lye a-le-
gya -re], Italian poet, V. 669. Education and
acquirements, 670, 1 ab. Prior of Florence,
2 b. Exiled, 671, 1 b. His character and
habits, 672, 1 a. Relations with Can Grande,
III. 701, 1 b. Regard for Dante after his
death, V. 672, 1 c. Translations and criti
cisms of his works, 673, 1 a, if. His minor
works, 2 c, if. The Dirina Corn-media, 675, 2 c.
Authorities on his life and works, 1 b. Ro-
setti s theory respecting Dante and his con
temporaries, XIV. 444, 2 be. See IX. 459, 1 a.
DAXTOX, Georges Jacques [du^-to"*], French
revolutionist, V. 677.
DANTZIC, seaport of Prussia, V. 678 (view).
Cathedral of, 2 c; IV. 118, 2 a. Duke of:
see LEFEBVRE, Francois Joseph.
DAN UBE, river of Europe, V. 679. Iron gate of,
680, 2 a (ill.). History, 2 c. Commercial use,
681, 1 a. Principality of, III. 421, 1 a.
Danum (Doncaster), VI. 209, 2 a. .
DAXVERS, town of Massachusetts, V. 681. Pea-
body institute, 2 be.
Danvers, South: see PEABODY (town).
DANVILLE, borough of Pennsylvania, V. 681.
Town of Virginia, 682, 1 a. Town of Ken
tucky, 1 b. City of Illinois, 1 c.
Danville, county seats, VIII. 635, 2 c; XL 787,
2 c ; XVI. 779, 1 b.
Daoine ski : see FAIRIES. VII. 65, 1 a.
DAPH XE, nymph, V. 682.
DAPHXE, ancient place in Syria, V. 682.
DAPIIXE, genus of plants, V. 682 (ill.). D. odo- |
ra, 2 c. D. laureola, ib. I), rnezereum, ib. j
(ill.). D. lagetta, 683, 1 a.
Daphne, river of Syria, IX. 683, 1 c.
DAPIIXEPIIO RIA, Grecian festival, V. 683.
DA POXTE, Lorenzo [da pon -ta], Italian poet,
V. 683. Lorenzo L., scholar, 1 c.
DAPPES [dap], Swiss valley, V. 683.
DaraV : see DARABGERD.
DARABGERD , city of Persia, V. 683.
D ARBLAY, Madame : see ARBLAY, Madame d .
DARBOY, Georges [dar-bwa], French prelate, V
683.
DAR BYITES : see PLYMOUTH BRETHREX.
DARCET, Jean [dar-sa"], French chemist, V. 684
DARDANELLES
DARDANELLES [dar-da-nelz J, castles of the Hel
lespont or strait of the Dardanelles, V. 684 ;
view, 685. Navigation of the Dardanelles
and Bosporus, 085, 1 a ; X. 224, 2 a. Right
of foreign war vessels to pass the strait as
serted by the United States, V. 685, 2 a;
recognized, ib. Treaty of the, I. 79, 2 b.
The Lesser Dardanelles, V. 685, 1 b.
DARDA NIA, district of ancient Mcesia, V. 685.
Of Mysia, 1 c. See SAMOTIIRACE.
DAB DAXUS, ancestor of the Trojans, V. 685.
Dardamis, ancient city, V. 685, 1 c.
DARDEN, Miles, largest man on record, V. 685.
DARE, county, V. 685.
DARE, Virginia, V. 685.
Da res, the Phrygian, history of the destruction
of Troy under the name of, X. 201, 1 ah.
DARESTE DE LA CIIAVANXE, Antoine Elisabeth
Cleophas [da-rest duh la sha-vjin], French
author, V. 686.
DARFOOR , country of Africa, V. 686.
DARGAUD, Jean Marie [dar-go], French author,
V. 686.
Darial pass, of the Caucasus, IV. 133, 1 c.
DARIC, ancient Persian gold coin, V. 686 (ill.) ;
XII. 536, 1 b (ill.). Silver darics, V. 686, 2 b.
DARIEN, Colony of [du-re-en J, V. 686.
DARIEX, Gulf of, V. 687.
DARIEN, Isthmus of : see PANAMA.
Darien, county seat, X. 788, 1 a.
DARI US, kings of Media and Persia, V. 687.
Darius the Mede, identity of, 1 be; II. 190,
2 a. Darius Ilystaspis, king of Persia, V.
687, 2 a. Inscription by him, II. 190, 2 a;
V. 573, 2 c. Darius Ochus, 688, 1 c. Darius
Codomannus, ib. Conquered by Alexander
the Great, 2 b, ff.
Dark ages, the, I. 186, 1 a.
DARKE, county, V. 689.
DAR LASTOX, town of England, V. 689.
DARLEY, Felix 0. C., American artist, V. 689.
DARLEY, George, British author, V. 689.
DARLING, river of Australia, V. 689.
DARLING, Grace, English heroine, V. 689.
DARLINGTON, county of South Carolina, V. 690.
Darlington, county seat, X. 93, 2 a.
DARLINGTON, borough of England, V. 690.
DARLINGTON, William, American botanist, V.
690.
Darlington Court House, county seat, V. 690, 1 b.
DarUngtonia California (botany), XIII. 548,
2b(ill.) ; IX. 310, 2 a.
DABM STADT, city of Germany, V. 690. Palace,
2 c (ill., 691).
DASYURE
251
DARNEL, weed, V. 691 (ill.).
DARNETAL [dar-na-tal], town of France, V. 691.
DARNLEY, Henry Stuart, lord, husband of Mary
queen of Scots, V. 691. His murder, 692,
1 a; XL 234, 2 a.
DARTER, bird, V. 692. Black-bellied, 1 c (ill.).
DARTFORD, town of England, V. 693.
Dartford, county seat, VIII. 232, 1 b.
DART MOOR, England, V. 693. Prison, 2 c (ill).
DARTMOUTH [dart -muth], borough of England,
V. 694.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, V. 694 (ill.). Agricul
tural department, 2 c; medical, 695, 1 b.
History, 2 a. Benefactions to : see WENT-
WORTH, XVI. 564, 1 I), 2 a. Inviolability of
its charter established, V. 696, 1 a ; IV. 323,
2 ab ; XVI. 529, 2 be.
DARU, Pierre Antoine Noel Bruno, count
[da-rii], French historian, V. 696. Napo
leon, count, statesman, 2 a.
DARWAP/, district of India, V. 696. Town, 2 c.
DAK WEN, town of England, V. 697.
DARWIN, Charles Robert, English naturalist,
V. 697. "Origin of Species by means of
Natural Selection," 1 c; object of the work,
2 a. See EVOLUTION, VII. 13, 2 c, 14, 2 a, b, c ;
VIII. 372, 2 be. His investigations of insec
tivorous plants, VI. 123, 1 b; XV. 480, 1 b.
DARWIN, Erasmus, English physiologist and
poet, V. 697. Views on evolution, VII. 10,
1 c. Origin of ideas, XIII. 445, 2 a.
Dancinism, doctrine of evolution, VIII. 371,
1 a. See DARWIN, Charles Robert, and EVO
LUTION, VII. 13, 2 c, 14, 2 a, b, c.
Daschkaw, princess, memoirs of, V. 698, 2 K
DA SENT, George Webbe, English author, V. 698.
DASH, Countess (pseudonyme), French au
thoress, V. 698.
DASHKOFF, Yekaterina Romanovna, Russian
princess, V. 698; IA". Ill, 2 a. Her me
moirs, V. 698, 2 b.
Das reine Seyn [das ri -neh zinc], philosophical
phrase, I. 34, 2 a.
Dastagerd , residence of Chosroes II., IV.
520, 1 a.
Dasyl ophus (ornithology), VII. 104, 2 a. D.
Cumingii, ib. D. superciliosus, 2 b.
Dasyproc ta (zoology), I. 190. D. aguti, 2 a
(ill.). Other species, 2 c.
Das ypus (zoology), I. 720, 1 ab. D. sexcinc-
tus or D. encoubert (ill.), 1 b.
DA SYURE, marsupial animal, V. 698. Tas-
manian or native devil, 2 c. Common, 699,
1 ab (ill., 698).
252
DASYUKUS
DAVIS
Dasyu rus (zoology) : see DASYUEE.
Dat alyte (chemistry), X. 479, 2 a.
DATE PALM, V. 699 (ill.).
DATE PLUM, Y. 699. Chinese, 700, 1 ab (ill.).
Persimmon, 1 b (ill.).
Date shell, XV. 400, 1 b (ill.).
Dathius, archpriest, founder of a Milan found- i
ling hospital, VII. 347, 1 b.
DATU KA, genus of narcotic plants, V. 700.
D. stramonium, 2 a (ill.). D. ferox, 2 c.
D. arborea (Brugmansia), 701, 1 a (ill.).
DAUB, Karl [dowp], German theologian, V. 701.
DAUBENTON, Louis Jean Marie [d6-ba ng -to ng ],
French naturalist, V. 701. Marguerite, nov
elist, 702, 1 ab.
DAU BENY, Charles Giles Bridle, English nat
ural philosopher, V. 702.
D AUBIGNE : see MERLE D AUBIGNE.
Daucus carota (botany), IV. 31, 2 ab.
DAUDIN, Francois Marie [do-da ng ], French nat
uralist, V. 702.
Daughters of charity, religious order, VII.
427, 1 b.
DAULIS, ancient city of Greece, V. 702.
DAUMAS, Melchior Joseph Eugene [do-mas],
French soldier and author, V. 702.
Daumat : see DOMAT.
Daumer, Prof, [dow -mer], (Georg Friedrich,
born 1800) : see HAUSER, Kaspar.
DAUN, Leopold Joseph Maria, count [down],
Austrian general, V. 702.
Daunians, early Italian race, IX. 439, 1 be.
DAUNOU, Pierre Claude Francois [do-noo],
French scholar and politician, V. 702.
Daunus, king (in Apulia), VI. 121, 2 c.
DAUPHIN, title, V. 703.
DAUPHIN, county, V. 703.
Dauphine [do-fe-na] : see DAUPHINY.
DAU PIIINY, old province of France, V. 703.
History, 2 a. Dialect of, XIV. 39, 2 b.
DAV ENANT, Sir William, English dramatist,
V. 703. Charles, political writer, 704, 1 b.
DAV ENPORT, city of Iowa, V. 704.
DAVENPORT, John, Puritan preacher, V. 705.
First constitution of the Connecticut colony,
1 be. The regicides Goffe and Whalley, 1 c.
Davey^ s powder, explosive, VII. 35, 2 a.
D AV EZAC, Auguste Genevieve Valentin, Amer
ican lawyer, V. 705.
D J Avezac, M., on the date of Sebastian Cabot s
map, and his nationality, III. 530, 1 a and be.
DAVID, king of Israel, V. 705 ; VIII. 586, 1 c.
DAVID II. : see BRUCE, III. 352, 2 b.
Darnel, city of: see ZION. Tomb of, IX. 617, 2 c.
DAVID, Felicien Cesar [dti-veedj, French com
poser, V. 706. (Died 1876.)
DAVID, Ferdinand [da -vit], German musician,
V. 706.
DAVID, Jacques Louis, French painter, V. 706.
DAVID, Pierre Jean, French sculptor, V. 707.
Davidis, anti-Trinitarian, XV. 145, 2 c.
Davids, torpedoes, XV. 805, 2 be.
Davids, John, pseudonyme : see DIXWELL.
DAVIDSON, three counties, V. 707.
DAVIDSON, Lucretia Maria, American poetess,
V. 707. Margaret Miller, 708, 1 a.
DAVIDSON COLLEGE, village and college of
North Carolina, V. 708.
DAVIE, county, V. 708.
DAVIES, Charles, American mathematician, V.
708. (Died 1876.)
DAVIES, Sir John, English lawyer raid poet,
V. 708.
DAVIES, Samuel, American theologian, V. 708.
DAVIESS [da-vis], three counties, V. 708.
DAVIESS, Joseph Hamilton (Jo Daviess), Amer
ican lawyer and soldier, V. 709.
DAVILA, Enrico Caterino [da -ve-la], Italian
historian, V. 709.
Davila, Spanish adventurer, II. 236, 1 c.
DAVIS, four counties, V. 710.
Davis, photographs -of the sun s corona by,
XV. 475, 1 b.
DAVIS, Andrew Jackson, American clairvoyant,
V. 710.
DAVIS, Charles Henry, naval officer, V. 710.
DAVIS, Edwin Hamilton, physician and arehce-
ologist, V. 711.
DAVIS, Henry, clergyman, V. 711.
DAVIS, Henry Winter, statesman, V. 711.
DAVIS, Jefferson, American soldier and states
man, V. 711. U. S. senator, 712, 1 c. Secre
tary of war, 2 ab. Again senator, 2 b. Ac
tive in the secession conspiracy, 713, 1 a.
President of the Confederate States, 1 c.
His unpopularity after great reverses, 714,
2 b. Acknowledges the failure of all re
sources, 2 c. Surrender of Lee s army, 716,
2 a. Imprisonment and release, 2 b-c.
DAVIS, Jefferson C., American soldier, V. 717.
DAVIS, John, English navigator, V. 717 ; I.
669, 1 a, His back staff, XII. 180, 2 c,
DAVIS, John, American jurist, V. 717.
DAVIS, Sir John Francis, English diplomatist
and orientalist, V. 717.
DAVIS, Matthew L., American writer, V. 717.
DAVIS, Thomas, Irish poet, A r . 717.
DAVIS STRAIT, North Atlantic, V. 718.
DAVOS
DE BAY
253
DAVOS [da -voce], valley of Switzerland, V.
718. Davos am Platz [am plats], watering
place, 1 b.
DAVOUST, or Davout, Louis Nicolas [da-voo],
French marshal, V. 718.
DAVY, Sir Humphry, English chemist, V. 718.
His chemical lectures and discoveries, 1 b ;
VII. 83, 2 b. His discovery of the action of
marine plants upon the air, V. 719, 1 a.
Miner s safety lamp, 2 c; X. 130, 2 c, 131,
1 a (ill.). Priority of. his invention disputed,
V. 720, 1 a. Experiments in electro-chem
istry, IV. 366, 2 be. Heat and mechanical
motion demonstrated to be convertible terms,
VIII. 567, 2 c; V. 378, 1 c. His discovery
of chloride of nitrogen, VII. 38, 2 b. His
kindness to Faraday, 82, 2 be. Compound
character of potash and soda proved by him,
597, 1 b; IV. 366, 2 c. Discovery in electro-
magnetism, VI. 513, 2 b. Development of
heat by friction, VII. 491, 2 be. John, phy
sician, V. 720, 2 c. His experiments on the
blood, II. 733, 1 b, c ; 735, 1 be.
Dawa, tree, VII. 110, 1 c.
Dawamoli, tree, VII. 110, 1 c.
DAWES, Rufus, American poet, V. 721.
DAWISOX, Bogurnil [da -ve-sun], Polish actor,
V. 721.
DAWSOX, three counties, V. 721.
Dawson, county seats, V. 721, 2 a (now Plum
Creek); XV. 662, 2 b.
DAWSOX, John William, Canadian geologist, V.
72 1 . On the deposits of the drift formation,
VI. Ill, 2 c, 113, 2 a. Examinations of fos
sil footprints by him, VII. 342, 1 c, 2 a, b.
Dawsonville, county seat, V. 721, 2 a.
DAX, town of France, V. 722.
DAY, V. 722. Sidereal, 1 b; astronomical,
1 b and c ; mean solar, 1 c. Mean solar
and apparent time, ib. Equation of time, ib.
DAY, Jeremiah, president of Yale college, V.
722.
DAY, Stephen, first printer in Xew England,
V. 722.
DAY, Thomas, English author and philanthro
pist, V. 72-3.
Day book, in bookkeeping, III. 81, 1 a.
Day cloud, IV. 710, 1 be.
Day fly see MAYFLY, XI. 302, 2 b.
Day of the barricades, VIII. 315, 2 c.
Day of the slaves: see DIANA, VI. 77, 2 be.
Day s eye : see DAISY.
Days of abstinence, VII. 93. 1 b.
Days of grace, in law, XII. 214, 2 c.
DAYTOX, city of Ohio, V. 723.
Dayton, county seat, X. 755, 1 c.
DAYTOX, Elias, American military officer, V.
724. Jonathan, statesman, 1 c. William
Lewis, statesman, 2 a.
DEACOX, in the Christian church, V. 724.
DEACOXESS, in the early Christian church, V.
725. Modern institution of deaconesses, 1 c.
Deacorfs book: see MISSAL, XI. 635, 2 be.
Dead-eyes, in a ship, XIV. 865, 1 ab.
Deadly nightshade, II. 501, 1 a.
Dead reckoning, in navigation, XII. 181, 2 b.
DEAD SEA, V. 725 ; X. 751, 1 be. Analyses of
its water, V. 727, 1 c.
Dead sea of California, III. 601, 2 a.
DEAF AND DUMB, V. 727. Tables of, 72 8- 9.
Causes of deafness, 729, 1 c; VI. 352, 1 b.
Deaf-mute education, V. 730, 1 ab ; first
suggested, I. 193, 1 c; first systematic at
tempt, V. 730, 2 ab. Schools in Great Brit
ain, 731, 2 c ; in Germany, 732, 1 c ; in
France, 733, 1 ab ; in America, 734, 1 b ; in
Canada, 2 c. Table of American institu
tions, 735. Existing institutions in Europe,
736, 1 b, ff. Psychical condition and meth
ods of education, 737, 2 a. Language of
signs, 738, 2 be. Manual alphabets : double-
hand, 739 ; single-hand, 740: see BOXET, and
DALGABXO. Legal status, 740, 2 c. Num
ber who have attained eminence, 741, 1 a.
Deaf adder, V. 321, 1 a.
Deafness, extent of, V. 727, 2 c. Causes of,
729, 1 c ; VI. 352, 1 b.
DEAK, Ferenez [da -ak], Hungarian statesman,
V. 741 ; IX. 61, 2 ab. (Died 1876.)
DEAL, borough of England, V. 741.
DEAX, title, V. 741. In the English church,
742, 1 c.
Dean of the arches, I. 649, 2 c.
DEAXE, James, American physician, A 7 . 742.
DEAXE, Silas, American diplomatist, V. 742.
Eelations between him and Arthur Lee. X.
296, 2 c, 297, 1 ab.
DEAX FOREST, England, V. 743 ; VIII. 38, 1 b.
DEARBORX [deer -burn], county, V. 743.
DEARBORX, Henry, American general, V. 743.
Henry Alexander Scammell, lawyer, author,
and politician, 2 b.
Dearborn observatory, Chicago, IV. 405, 2 c.
Death, violent: see MEDICAL JURISPRTJDEXCE.
Death of Basel, epidemic, II. 358, 1 b.
DEATH WATCH, insect, V. 743 (ill.).
Debajy Oghlu, Armenian priest, I. 726, 1 c.
DE BAY : see BAIUS.
254:
DEBENTURE
DEEMSTERS
DEBEN TUEE, in commerce, V. 744.
Debra ~birhan, part of Gondar, VIII. 97, 1 a.
Debra Libanos and Debra Damo, Abyssinian
convents, I. 49, 1 ab.
DEBEECZIN [deb -ret-sin], town of Hungary, V.
744.
Debt, imprisonment for : see ACTON BUENELL,
and V. 745, 2 a, b. Abolition of, 2 c, and
746, 1 a, ff.
DEBTOE AND CEEDITOE, V. 745. In ancient
countries, 1 ab. In the United States, 2 be,
and 746, 1 c. In England, 746, 1 ab. In
France, 2 c.
Debtor s right of sanctuary, II. 49, 2 a and b.
Debtors 1 sanctuary, in Edinburgh, VI. 406, 1 be ;
II. 49, 2 ab.
DECALOGUE, V. 747; VIII. 583, 2 c.
DECAMPS, Alexandre Gabriel [duh-ka ns ], French
painter, V. 747.
DECANDOLLE: see CANDOLLE.
DEC APODS, crustaceans, V. 747.
DECAP OLIS, district of Palestine, V. 747.
DECA TUR, four counties, V. 747.
DECATUE, village of Georgia, V. 748.
DECATUE, city of Illinois, V. 748.
Decatur, county seats, I. 82, 1 b ; XI. 363, 1 a;
XVI. 688, 2 c.
DECATUE, Stephen, American naval officer, V.
748. Stephen, jr., 2 c.
Decaturville, county seat, V. 748, 1 a.
DECAZES, lie, duke [diih-kaz], French states
man, V. 750.
DECAZEVILLE, town of France, V. 750.
DECCAN, The, region of India, V. 750 ; IX.
201, 1 b.
Deccanese , Hindoo dialect, IX. 217, 1 a.
Deceb alus, king : see DACIA, and TRAJAN.
DECEMBER, month, V. 750.
December liberties, saturnalia at Christmas, IV.
551, 1 a.
DECEMVIES, Roman magistrates, V. 751. De
cemviri legibus scribendis, 1 a; litibus judi-
candis, 1 c ; sacris faciundis, it>.
Decephalization, XIII. 429, 1 a.
Decetia : see DECIZE.
DE CHARMS, Richard, American clergyman, V.
751.
DECIGRAMME [des -e-gram] : see GRAMME.
DECIMAL, V. 751. Origin of decimal notation,
XIV. 615, 2 ab. Supposed (modern) inven
tor of, III. 569, 1 a.
Decimal scale of numbers, I. 708, 1 b.
Decime [da-seem] : see FRANC, VII. 365, 2 b.
DECIUS, Caius Messius Quintus Trajanus, em
peror of Rome, V. 751. His persecution of
the Christians, 752, 1 a ; 615, 1 ab.
DECIUS Mus, Publius, three Roman consuls, V.
752.
DECIZE [duh-seez], town of France, V. 752.
Deck learns, of a ship, XIV. 801, 2 ab.
DECKEN, Karl Klaus von der, German travel
ler, V. 752,
DECKEE, Jeremias de, Dutch poet, V. 752.
DECKER, Thomas, English dramatist, V. 752.
Deckle, frame in paper making, XIII. 49, 1 a.
Declaration of Independence, of the United
States, movement in Virginia preparatory to
it, X. 292, 2 a. Passage of it in congress,
IX. 590, 1 c. Authorship of, I. 87, 2 b ; IX.
590, 2 a. Text of, XVI. 157, 1 c, ff.
Declaration of indulgence, by King James II.,
IX. 518, 2 ab; VI. 628, 2 a.
Declaration of rights, by the continental con
gress, XVI. 155, 2 be,
Declarations of the French clergy : see GALLI-
CAN CHURCH. VII. 578, 2 a.
Declination, in astronomy, XII. 181, 2 be.
How found, XV. 843, 1 a ; 845, 1 a.
Decline, the: see CONSUMPTION, V. 282, 1 c.
Decolorizers : see BONE BLACK, III. 02, 2 a.
Decollated univalves, V. 202, 2 b.
Deco rah, county seat, XVI. 070, 2 c.
Decorticated livakes, V. 202, 2 b.
Decreta, sentences of the Roman imperial tri
bunal, IV. 620, 2 c. Decreta of church
councils, V. 423, 2 b.
DECRETALS, papal, V. 752. Isidorian, 2 c.
Decretum, collection of canon la\v, III. 719, 1 a.
Decumano rum Colo nia (Narbonne), XII. 143,
2b.
Decuma tes A gri, tract of land in Germany,
IV. 127, 2 c.
DECUEIO NES, Roman magistrates, V. 753.
Decussation, in anatomy, XII. 237, 2 c.
DEDHAM, town of Massachusetts, V. 753.
Dediticii, Roman freedmen, VII. 469, 1 c.
De donis, statute, V. 150, 2 a.
Deductor, kind of dolphin, VI. 193, 1 a.
DEE, river of Wales, V. 753. Of Scotland
(two), 2 b. Of Ireland, 2 be.
DEE, John, English astrologer, V. 753.
DEED, in law, V. 754. Indenture, in English
conveyancing, 1 c ; deed poll, 2 a. Consid
eration, 2 b. At common law, 755, 1 a.
Recording of deeds, 2 be.
Deed of Declaration, Wesley s, XI. 452, 1 be, 2 b.
DEEMS, Charles F., American clergyman, V. 756.
Deemsters * courts, in the Isle of Man, XI. 87, 1 a.
DEEP
DEEP RIVER, North Carolina, V. 756.
Deep Rock Spring water, XII. 727, 1 c.
Deep-sea fauna, VI. 258, 1 c; 259, 2 c.
DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS: see ATLANTIC OCEAN,
II. 09, 2 a; DREDGING, Deep-Sea; and HY
DROGRAPHY, IX. 114, 1 a.
DEER, V. 756. Anatomical description, 2 a.
Classification, 757, 1 ab. Spotted axis, 758,
1 b (ill.). Guazupuco deer, 2 a (ill.). Ameri
can deer, 2 c (ill., 759). Californian or black-
tailed deer, 700, 1 a (ill.). Mule deer, 2 b
(ill.). Age of, how indicated, I. 183, 1 c, 2 a.
Deerberry, XVI. 074, 2 ab.
DEERFIELD, town of Massachusetts, V. 701.
Indian massacre, 2 a. French and Indian
massacre, 2 b.
DEER GRASS, V. 701 (ill.). Meadow beauty,
762, 1 a.
Deerhound, English yacht, XIV. 703, 1 c.
DEER LODGE, county, V. 762.
Deer Lodge, county seat, V. 702, 1 ab.
Deer-sheep, XIV. 91, 1 ab.
Deer s-to tig ue, plant, XVI. 261, 2 c.
De estoveriis habendis, writ, VI. 742, 1 c.
Defamation, in law, X. 394, 2 a.
DEFEASANCE, Deed of, V. 702; XL 851, 1 ab.
Defenders : see ORANGEMEN, XII. 667, 1 b.
DEFFAND, Marie, marquise du [dii da-fa,"*], V.
762 ; X. 309, 2 a.
Deffant: see DEFFAND.
DEFIANCE, county, V. 762.
Defiance, county seat, V. 762, 2 ab.
Deftbrer, instrument for making wood pulp,
XIII. 48, 1 b.
Defilement, in fortification, VII. 333, 2 b.
Defiagrator, Hare s, VIII. 458, 2 c.
DEFOE, Daniel, English novelist and political
writer, V. 762. His political tracts and
satires, 763, 1 a. " Robinson Crusoe," 2 b.
Other works, 2 c. His device to promote
the sale of " Drelincourt on Death," 764, 1 a ;
VI. 260, 1 b.
DE FOREST, John William, American author,
V. 764.
De Geer : see GEER, Karl de.
DEGER, Ernst [da -gher], German painter, V. 764.
DE GERANDO : see GERANDO.
DEGREE, V. 764. In algebra, 2 b. In trigo
nometry, ib. Of latitude, ib. Of longitude,
765, 1 a .
De Grey, Earl : see RIPON.
De hwretico comlurendo, act, X. 587, 1 b.
DehWcence, in botany, XIII. 590, 2 ab. Locu-
licidal dehiscence, 591, 1 be; septicidal, ib.
DELAROCIIE
255
Delili [da -le] : see DELHI.
DEHN, Siegfried Wilhelm [dain], German mu
sician, V. 765.
De Hondt : see CANISIUS, Petrus.
Dchra Uoon : see DEYRA DOON.
DEIOCES [de-I -o-seez] : see MEDIA, XI. 332, 2 c.
Deiopeici lella [de-i-o-pe -ya], moth, XL 868,
1 b (ill.).
Deiotarus [de-i-ot -a-rus], king of Galatia,
VIII. 557, 2 b.
Deipara [de-ip -a-ra], (mother of God) : see
MARY, XL 217, 2 ab, be (Oeoro/voc) ; com
pare NESTORIUS, XII. 241, 2 c. Controversy
in the Abyssinian church, I. 48, 2 c.
Deir el-Kamr [dfiir el-kamr J: see DRUSES,
VI. 275, 2 b (ill.).
Deirochelys reticula ta [di-rok -e-lis], terrapin,
XV. 661, 2 c.
DEJAZET, Pauline Virginie [da-zha-za], French
actress, V. 765. (Died 1875.)
DEJEAN, Pierre Francois Marie Auguste, count
[diHi-zha nB ], French general and entomolo
gist, V. 765.
De Ju re Belli et Pads, by Grotius, its influ
ence on international law, X. 222, 2 b.
Dejure quiritio, in Roman law, I. 101, 2 c.
DE KALB [de kalb], six counties, V. 765.
De Kail), county seat, IX. 786, 1 c.
DE KALE, John, baron, general in the Ameri
can army, V. 766.
De Kay, Dr. (James E., 1792-1851), American
naturalist, his division of fishes, IX. 102,
1 ab ; classification of reptiles, VIII. 695, 1 c.
Del kcr, Jeremias de : see DECKER.
Del fcer, Thomas : see DECKER.
DE LA BECHE, Sir Henry Thomas [deli la baish],
English geologist, V. 766.
DELACROIX, Ferdinand Victor Eugene [duh-
la-knva], French painter, V. 700.
DELAGO A BAY, Africa, V. 707.
De la Guard, Theodore, pseudonyme, XVI.
449, 2 a.
DELAMBRE, Jean Baptiste Joseph [duh-la nf br % ],
French astronomer, V. 767.
DE LANCEY- William Ileathcote, American
bishop, V. 767.
DELANE , William Augustus Frederick, English
journalist, V. 707. John Thaddeus, editor of
the London "Times," 2 c. (Retired 1877.)
DE LA RAME, Louisa (Ouida), [deli la ra-ma ],
English novelist, V. 707.
De l<* Rive : see LA RIVE.
DELAROCIIE, Paul [duh-la-rush], French painter,
V. 768.
256
DELAEOCHE
DELTA
Delaroche and Berard [ba-rar], their method [
for determining specific heat of gases, VIII.
576, 1 a.
DELAUNAY, Charles Eugene [duh-lo-na], French
astronomer, V. 768.
DELAVIGNE, Jean Francois Casimir [duli-la- \
veeny ], French poet, V. 768.
DEL/AWAKE, state, V. 769. State seal, ib.
Population, 2 c. Physical features, 770, 1 c.
Climate, 2 b. Soil and productions, 2 c.
Industries, 771, 2 a. Commerce, 1 b. In
tercommunication, 1 c. Constitution and
government, 2 c. Finances, 772, 2 b. Edu
cation, 77:3, 1 c. Churches, 774, 1 ab. His
tory, 1 b.
DELAWARE, five counties, V. 774.
DELAWARE, or Delaware Court House, town
of Ohio, V. 775.
DELAWARE, Lord : see DELAWARR.
DELAWARE BAY, V. 775.
Delaware Irealcwater, III. 238, 1 ab (ill.).
Delaware and Hudson canal, III. 686, 2 be ;
I. 552, 1 be.
DELAWARE RIVER, V. 776.
DELA WARES, Indian tribe, V. 776,
Delaware Water Gap, V. 776, 1 b.
DELAWARR, Thomas West, lord, governor of
Virginia, V. 778. Charles Richard Sack-
ville-West, present Earl Delawarr, 1 c.
DEL BRUCK, Martin Friedrich Rudolph, German
statesman, V. 778.
Del credere commission : see FACTOR, VII.
55, 1 c.
Delegations, of the Papal States, X. 318, 2 b.
Delenda est Carthago : see CATO, IV. 123, 1 c,
DELESCLUZE, Louis Charles [duh-la-kliiz],
French revolutionist, V. 778.
DELESSERT, Benjamin [diih-la-sair], French
financier and naturalist, V. 778.
Deleuze [duh-ltiz], historian of animal magne
tism, I. 526, 2 a.
DELFT, town of the Netherlands, V. 778. Town
hall (ill.), 779. Delft religious association ;
(Christo sacrum}, 1 c. Delft Haven, 2 a.
Delftshaien [delfts -ha-ven] : see 1 DELFT, V.
779, 2 a.
DELFT WARE, V. 779 ; XIII. 782, 2 a,
DELHI [del -e], city of British India, V. 779 ;
view, 780. History, 2 c. Capital of the
Mogul empire, 781, 1 a. Mutiny of 1857, 1 b.
Delhi [del -hi], county seats, V. 775, 1 a, 2 b.
Delhi canal, IX. 713, 1 a. *
Deli lah : see SAMSON.
DELILLE, Jacques [diih-leel], French poet, V. 781.
DELIXIERS, Jacques Antoine Marie [diih-le-
nyair], viceroy of Buenos Ayres, V. 781.
Delirium ebriositatis : see DELIRIUM TREMENS.
Delirium of labor, XIV. 70, 1 a.
DELIRIUM TREMENS,V. 781. Treatment, 782, 1 c.
DELISLE : see LISLE.
DELITZSCH [da -litch], town of Prussia, V. 782.
DELITZSCH, Franz, German theologian, V. 782.
DELIUS, ISTikolaus [da -ie-oos], German scholar,
V. 782.
Delivery, in law, II. 310, 2 a; V. 145, 2 b;
VII. 446, 2 c. See LIVERY OF SEISIN.
Delia Crusca, academy, I. 50, 1 c ; VII. 276, 2 a.
Dictionary of the, I. 50, 1 c: VI. 94, 1 be.
Delia Cruscan school of poetry, in England,
VI. 642, 2 c ; VII. 804, 1 be.
DEL NOR TE, county, V. 782.
Del Norte, county seat, XIV. 341, 2 a.
De rObel: see LOBEL.
DELOLME, Jean Louis [duh-lolm], Swiss author,
V. 783.
DELORME, Marion [duh-lorm], French courte
san, V. 783.
DE LOS, Grecian island. V. 783 : see LATOXA.
Confederacy of, II. 55, 2 c; VIII. 190, 2 c.
DELPEOH, Jacques Mathieu [del-peshj, French
surgeon, V. 784.
DELPHI, town of ancient Greece, V. 784. Site,
1 c (ill., 785). Legendary origin of its tem
ple, ib. Sacred \vars, 2 be. Description,
785, 1 a. Pythia, priestess of the oracle,
2 ab. Castalian fountain, 2 be. Oracle of,
2 a; XII. 660, 1 c.
Delphi, county seat, IV. 30, 1 b.
Delphinap terus (zoology), VI. 192, 2 c. D.
Pcronii, il).
DELPHIN CLASSICS, V. 785 ; IX. 31, 2 a.
Delphin ia, extract, V. 786, 1 a.
Delphinw acid: see A ALERIANIC ACID.
Delphinidoe, dolphin family : see DOLPHIN.
DELPHINIUM, genus of plants, V. 785. D. sta-
phisagria, 2 c (ill., 780). D. ajacis (ill.), 786,
2 a. D. elatum (ill.), ib. Perennial delphin
iums, 1 c. Other species.
Delphinorhyn chus (zoology), VI. 193, 1 be.
D. micropterus, 1 c.
Delphi mis (zoology), VI. 190, 2 b. D. delphis,
191, 2 c (ill., 192). D. tursio, 192, 2 a (ill.).
D. plumbeus, &c., il)., fF.
DELTA, two counties, V. 786.
Delta, of the Mississippi, I. 338, 2 b, XL 660,
2 c ; Ganges and Brahmapootra, I. 338, 2 c,
VII. 610,^2 a; Nile, XII. 451, 2 c.
Delta, nom de plume : see MOIR.
DELTOIDES
DEMOURS
257
Deltoi des (moths), XI. 870, 1 a.
DELUC, Jean Andre [duh-liik], physicist, Y.
787. Guillaumo Antoine, naturalist, 2 a.
DELUGE, the Noachian, V. 787. Ancient tra
ditions, 1 ah. The Chaldean account, 2 c;
577, 1 he (ill.)- Was the deluge universal?
788, 1 c. Date of, according to the text of
the Hebrew Scriptures, IV. 559, 1 b. Diffi
culties of that date, ib. Effects attributed to
the deluge : see GEOLOGY, VII. 687, 2 b ; 088,
1 ab, c, 2 a.
Delus : see DELOS.
Dehignds pistol [del-veeny j, XIII. 544, 2 c
(ill.). Delvigne s rifle, XIV. 329, 2 be (ill.).
DEMADES [dem -a-deez], Athenian statesman
and orator, V. 788. Enemy of Demosthenes,
800, 1 a. Peace of, XIII. 408, 1 ab.
Demand, waiver of, XII. 214, 2 be.
DemarcJi [de -mark] : see DEMOS.
DEMAVEND , Mount, V. 788.
DEM BEA, Lake : see TZANA.
DEMBIX SKI, Ilenryk, Polish general, V. 788.
Deme: see DEMOS. Referred to, II. 55, 2 ab.
Admission to membership in, XII. 160, 1 c.
De medietate lingua (a jury), I. 314, 1 b, c.
Dementia: see IDIOCY, IX. 170, 1 be; INSANI
TY, 305, 2 b.
DEMERAEA [dem-e-ra -ra], river, V. 789.
DEMERARA, division: see GUIANA, VIII. 302,
Ib.
Demesne [de-meen j : see DOMAIN.
Deme tee, Celtic tribe, XVI. 427, 2 a.
DEME TER: see CERES.
DEMETRIUS, name of several Russian princes,
V. 789. Pseudo-Demetrius, 2 ab. See GODU-
NOFF.
DEMETRIUS PIIALE REUS, Athenian orator and
statesman, V. 790; I. 291, 2 b. His mista
ken policy in leaving Greece undefended,
IV. 61, 1 c.
DEMETRIUS POLIORCE TES, king of Macedonia,
V. 790. His regard for art, XIV. 33, 1 a.
DEMETRIUS (I.) SOTER, king of Syria, V. 791.
Demetrius Nicator, 2 b ; I. 287, 2 c.
Dcmetz, Frederic Auguste [dun-mace] : see MET-
TRAY.
De Meurs [deh murce] : see MEURSIUS.
DEM IDOFF, a Russian noble family, V. 791.
Nikita, manufacturer, 2 b. Akinfi, mine
owner, ib. Pavel, patron of science, 2 be.
Nicolai, soldier and economist, 2 c. Anato
li, prince, 792, 1 a ; III. 29, 2 b.
Demies [de-raize 7 ], scholars in Magdalen col
lege, Oxford, XII. 764, 2 a.
17
DEM IURGE : see GNOSTICS, VIII. 53, 1 a. Defi
nition of, XII. 704, 1 b.
Demiurgi, I. 63, 1 ab (Acn.EAN LEAGUE).
DEMME [dem -mfih], Hermann Christoph Gott
fried, German theologian and poet, V. 792.
Charles Rudolph, American clergyman, 1 c.
Wilhelm Ludwig, German jurist, 2 a. Her
mann, professor of medicine, ib. Karl Her
mann, physician, ib.
DEMMIN [dem-meen J, town of Prussia, V. 792.
DEMMIT, county, V. 792.
DEMOCE DES, Greek physician, V. 792.
Democracy, free, political party, XVI. 255, 1 c.
Democrat, name applied offensively to Jeffer
son s party, I. 90, 1 c, 91, 1 a; adopted by
Jackson s adherents, 103, 1 b.
Democratic body politic, the first formed on the
American continent, III. 742, 2 a.
DEMOC RITUS, Greek philosopher, V. 793. His
atomistic theory, 1 b ; XIII. 437, 2 a (PHI
LOSOPHY). His views concerning heat, VIII.
567, 1 b.
Democritus, Christianus, pseudonyme, VI. 128,
1 a.
Dem odex (epizoa), VI. 694, 2 ab. D. follicu-
lorum, 2 b (ill).
De Modo Agri, Roman law, I. 192, 1 c.
DEMOIVRE, Abraham : see MOIVRE.
Demol ogos, first war steamer, VII. 526, 2 be.
DEMONOL OGY, V. 793. Of the Buddhists, 1 c ;
Persians, 2 b ; Egyptians, 794, 1 a ; Greeks,
1 b; Jews, 1 c; of the middle ages, cabal-
ists, &c., 2 a. Infernal court (of demons),
2 c. Demons and sorcerers, practices of,
795, 1 a. Sorcery, or black magic, 1 c. In
vocation of demons, 2 b. Diseases attributed
to them, 796, 1 a.
Demonomania, instance of, V. 796, 2 a.
Demons: see DEMONOLOGY. Demon of Socrates,
794, 1 c. Good and evil demons first distin
guished, ib. Demon Leonard, 795, 1 b.
Dcm oplwn, guardian of Demosthenes, II. 797,
2 a; V. 797, 2 a.
DE MORGAN, Augustus, English mathematician,
V. 796. On logic, X. 581, 1 be, 2 be.
DE MOS, district of Attica, V. 797.
DEMOSTHENES [de-mos -the-neez], Athenian gen
eral, V. 797; VIII. 192, 2 c, 194, 1 a.
DEMOSTHENES, Athenian statesman and orator,
V. 797. Philippics, 798, 1 b. Oration on
the crown, 799, 1 c. Imprisoned, 2 be; con
demned to death, 800, 1 a. His works, 2 a.
DEMOT ICA, town of Turkey, V. 800.
Dcmours [diih-moor], membrane of, V. 360, 2 a.
258
DEMPSTER
DERBY
DEMPSTER, John, American clergyman, YI. 5.
DEMPSTER, Thomas, Scottish professor and
author, VI. 5.
DEMUK RAGE, in maritime law, VI. 6. See
SHIPPING, XIV. 870, 1 be.
DEMURRER, in law, VI. 6 ; II. 640, 1 a ; XIII.
607, 2 b.
DENAIN [duh-na ng ], town of France, VI. 6.
DENA RIUS, Roman coin, VI. 6 (ill.). D. au-
reus, 2 b.
DENBIGH [den -be], town of Wales, VI. 6.
Denbigh, titles of the earl of, VIII. 450, 1 a.
DENBIGHSHIRE, county of Wales, VI. 7.
DENDEEAII, ruined town of Egypt, VI. 7.
Ruins of, 1 c (ill.). Supposed zodiac, 2 ab.
DENDERMONDE [den -der-mon-deh], town of
Belgium, VI. 7.
Den drites, crystallizations, VII. 196, 1 a.
DENDRO BIUM (botany), VI. 8. D. alpestre, 1 b.
Dendrocolap tinw (ornithology), V. 473, 1 c.
Dendrocygna (ornithology), VIII. 107, 2 c.
Dendroi ca ces tiva (ornithology), XVI. 779, 2 ab.
Dendrol agm (zoology), IX. 744, 2 b.
Dendromecon rigidum (botany), XIII. 715, 2 b.
DENGUE [deng -ga], disease, VI. 8. Treatment,
2b.
DENHAM, Dixon [den -urn], English traveller,
VI. 8; I. 170, 2 c.
DENIIAM, Sir John, English poet, VI. 9.
DENINA, Giacomo Maria Carlo [dii-ne -na], Ital
ian historian, VI. 9.
DEN IS, Saint [Fr. duh-ne], apostle and bishop
of Paris, VI. 9.
Denison, county seat, V. 466, 1 a.
Denison university, VIII. 161, 2 b.
DENIZEN, in law, VI. 9.
DENIZ LI, town of Asia Minor, VI. 9.
DENMAN, Thomas, lord chief justice, VI. 10.
DENMARK, kingdom of Europe, VI. 10. Area
and population, 1 c. Physical features, 2 a.
Climate, 2 c. Productions, 11, 1 a. Indus
try, 1 b. Commerce, 1 c. Sound dues, 2 b ;
abolished, 2 c. Intercommunication, 12, 1 a.
Religion, 1 b. Education, 1 c. Govern
ment, 2 a. History, 13, 1 a.
DENMARK, Language and Literature of, VI. 14.
DENNER, Balthasar, German painter, VI. 19.
Dennewitz [den -neh-vitz], count of, III. 432, 1 a.
DENNIE, Joseph, American author and journal
ist, VI. 19.
DENNIS, town of Massachusetts, VI. 19.
DENNIS, John, English writer, VI. 19.
DENON, Dominique Vivant, baron [duh-no ng ],
French archaeologist, VI. 20.
Density, XIII. 719, 1 ab.
DENT, county, VI. 20.
DENTA LIUM, or Tooth Shell, VI. 20. Dentalis,
21, 1 b (ill.).
DENTATUS, Manius Curias, Roman consul, VI.
21.
Derdibranchiata (mollusca), XI. 723, 1 b.
Dentine [den -tin] : see TEETH, XV. Ou6, 1 b.
DENTISTRY, VI. 21. In former times, 2 a.
Preservation of the teeth, 22, 2 a. Arti
ficial teeth. 23, 2 b.
DENTITION, VI. 24.
DENTON, county, VI. 25.
Dcnton, county seats, IV. 14, 2 a; VI. 25, 2 c.
Dentri tis, stone, IX. 146, 1 a.
DENVER, capital of Colorado, VI. 25.
Denys, Saint: see DENIS.
DE ODAND, in English law, VI. 20.
Deodar tree, IX. 203, 2 b.
Deodorizing process, patent, XIII. 373, 1 b.
Deogliir [de-o-gheer] : see DOWLETABAD.
D ON, Chevalier : see ON.
DE PEYSTER, Johannes [de pice -ter], a settler
of New Amsterdam, VI. 26. Abraham,
mayor of New York, 2 c. Arent Schuyler,
loyalist officer, 27, 1 a. John Watts, mili
tary and historical writer, 1 b.
Deplilogizticated air (oxygen), XII. 769, 1 ab.
DepJilogisticated marine acid air (chlorine),
IV. 501, 2 a.
Depolarization : see LIGHT, X. 448, 1 b.
DEPOSITION, in law, VI. 27. In ecclesiastical
law, 1 c. %
De Potter, Belgian revolutionist : see POTTER.
DEPPING, Georges Bernard, French writer, VI.
27.
De Propaganda, Fide, Congrcgatio : see PROP
AGANDA.
DEPTFORD [dep -furd], town of England, VI. 27.
Deputy Grecian, at Christ s hospital, V. 49,1
2 be.
DEQUINCEY, Thomas, English author, VI. 28.
DERA GIIAZEE KHAN, town of India, VI. 29.
DERAYEII [da-ri -eh], town of Arabia, VI. 29.
Derazi [da-ra -ze] : see DRUSES, VI. 272, 2 b.
DERBEND , town of Daghestan, VI. 29 (ill.).
Dcrbent : see DERBEND.
Derlets, tribe of Calmucks, III. 623, 1 c.
Derbidjeli : see DERAYEH.
DERBY, town of Connecticut, VI. 29.
DERBY [dar -be], borough of England, VI. 29.
Derly, the : see TURF, XVI. 49, 2 c, 50, 1 i
Derby stakes, VI. 698, 2 a.
DERBY, Edward Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, ea
DERBYSHIRE
of, British statesman, VI. 30. Edward Hen
ry Smith-Stanley, earl of, statesman, 2 c.
DERBYSHIRE, county of England, VI. 31. High
peak, 1 c. Derbyshire diamonds, ib.
Derbyshire neck (goitre), VIII. 70, 2 a.
DERBYSHIRE SPAR, VI. 31 ; VII. 292, 1 a.
Derceto, Syrian Venus : see MYLITTA. Temple
of, I. 803, 2 c.
De Religiosis, statute, XL 853, 2 a ; V. 150, 2 a.
De RepuUica (Cicero s), palimpsest of, XI. 132,
2 ab.
DERFFLINGER, Georg von [dairf -fling-er], Ger
man soldier, VI. 31.
DERG, Lough [lo k h derg], lake of Ireland, VI.
31. Expansion of the Shannon, 32, 1 a.
DERHAM, William, English clergyman and nat
ural philosopher, VI. 32.
Dermanyssus avium (epizoa), VI. 695, 2 ab (ill.).
Dermato-sMeton, XIII. 424, 1 a.
DERMES TES (entomology), VI. 32 ; II. 470, 2 c.
D. lardarius, VI. 32, 1 be (ill.).
Dermis, true skin, XV. 78, 2 c.
DER MODY, Thomas, Irish poet, VI. 32.
Derome s still [dub-rone], VI. 143, 2 a (ill.).
Derpt [dairpt] : see DORPAT.
DERRICK : see CRANE.
DERBY: see LONDONDERRY, X. 621, 1 a.
Dertosa, ancient city : see TORTOSA.
Dervise [dur -vis] : See DERVISH.
DERVISH, Mohammedan monk, VI. 32 (ill.).
Whirling dervishes, 33, 1 a. Their founder,
1 ab ; his tomb, X. 40, 1 c. Howling der
vishes, VI. 33, 1 c.
DERWEXT, three rivers in England, VI. 33.
DERWENT, river of Tasmania, VI. 33.
DERVTENTWATER, James Radcliffe, third earl of,
English rebel, VI. 33.
DERZIIAVIN, Gavriil Romanovitch [der-zha -
vin], Russian poet, VI. 34.
DESAGUADERO [da-sa-gwa-da -ro], river of Bo
livia, VI. 34. Plain, 1 c.
DESAIX DE VEYGOUX, Louis Charles Antoine
[duh-za diih va-goo], French general, VI. 34.
Desamortizadon [da-sa-more-te-tha-the-oan ],
Spanish law of, X. 829, 1 b.
Desart: see DYSART.
DESAUGIERS, Marc Antoine Madeleine [da-zo-
zhe-aj, French poet, VI. 35. His friendship
for Beranger, II. 547, 2 c.
DESAULT, Pierre Joseph [duh-zo], French sur
geon, VI. 35.
DES BARRES, Joseph Frederick Wallet [da bar],
English soldier and hydrographer, VI. 36.
Desboisii, variety of weigela, XVI. 537, 1 a.
DESNA
259
DESCARTES, Rene" [da-kart], French philoso
pher, VI. 36. His relation to the progress
of thought, 37, 1 c. His fundamental prin
ciples, 2 ab. Starting point of his philosophy,
ib. ; XIII. 432, 1 b, and 434, 2 a. Founda
tion of the later idealism, ib. Ontological
argument for the being of a God, 432, 1 c.
Ilis philosophical system, 441, 1 a. Des-
cartcs s laws : see LIGHT, X. 438, 2 c ; OP
TICS, XII. 654, 1 a ; emission theory, X. 435,
1 b. His theory of ether, VI. 740, 1 b. His
theory of coordinates, I. 456, 1 a; VII. 701,
2 b ; XL 276, 2 a.
DESCENT, in law, VI. 38. Theory of, VIII.
372, 2 b. In Roman law, VI. 38, 2 b. In
English common law, 39, 1 b. In the United
States, 40, 1 c.
Descent cast, in law, VI. 139, 1 b.
Deschamps, Abbe [da-sha" 6 ], instructor of the
deaf and dumb, V. 733, 1 c.
"Deseret, State <?/," XVI. 235, 2 a.
DESERTER, in military affairs, VI. 40.
Desertion : see SEAMAN, XIV. 737, 2 ab.
DESFONTAINES, Rene Louiche [da-fo ng -tain],
French botanist, VI. 41.
DESFUL [des-fool ], city of Persia, VI. 41.
DE SHA, county, VI. 41.
DESIIOULIERES, Antoinette [da-zoo-lyair],
French authoress, VI. 41.
Deshtistan , region of Persia, XIII. 315, 1 c.
Dcsiatina [dez-ya-te -na], Russian acre, I. 72,
2c.
DesMe rim, king of the Lombards, IV. 289, 2 c.
Desire Hazard [da-ze-ra a-zar], pseudonyme,
VII. 103, 1 be.
D Eslon, Dr. [da-lo ng ], mesmerist, I. 525, 2 c.
DES MAN, insectivorous mammal, VI. 41 (ill.).
DESMARRES, Louis Auguste [da-mar], French
oculist, VI. 42.
De Smet, Peter John : see SMET.
DESMIDI E.E, minute algse, VI. 42 (ills., 43).
Desmid ium : see DESMIDIE.E, VI. 43, 2 b.
DES MOINES [de moin], county, VI. 43.
DES MOIXES, capital of Iowa, VI. 44.
DES MOINES RIVER, VI. 44.
DES MOND, Earls of, Irish family, VI. 45.
Jeanne Fitzgerald, countess of, centenarian,
2 a.
DESMOULINS, Benoit Camille [da-moo-la"*],
French revolutionist, VI. 45.
Desmoiilins (Antoine, 1790-1828), French nat
uralist, his classification of the human race,
VI. 754, 1 c,
DES NA, river of Russia, VI. 46.
260
DESXOYERS
DEVISE
DESXOYERS, Auguste Gaspard Louis Boucher,
baron [da-nwa-ya], French engraver, VI. 46.
Desolation island: see KERGUELEX, and X.
843, 1 b.
DESOR, Edward, Swiss geologist, VI. 46.
DE SOTO, two counties, VI. 46.
DE SOTO, Fernando [da so -to], Spanish ex
plorer, VI. 47.
DESPARD , Edward Marcus, Irish soldier, VI. 48.
Despenser, Hugh le, favorite of Edward II.,
VI. 434, 2 c.
DES PLAIXES [da plain], river of Illinois, VI. 48.
Despretz [da-pra], (Cesar Mansuete, 1792-1863),
French physicist, on conduction of heat,
VIII. 572, 1 be, 2 c. Method for determin
ing latent heat of vapors, 577, 2 a (ill.). On
compression of gases, XIII. 628, 2 c.
DESSAIX, Joseph Marie [da-sa], general, VI. 48.
DESSALIXES, Jean Jacques [da-sa-leen], emperor
of Hayti, VI. 48. See HAYTI, VIII. 552,
1 b and c.
DESSAU [des -sow], city of Germany, VI. 48.
Dessauer, the old: see LEOPOLD I., prince of
Anhalt-Dessau.
Dessignolle [da-se-nyul], his powder for blast
ing, VII. 38, 2 be.
DESSOLLES, or Dessolle, Jean Joseph Paul Au-
gustin, marquis [da-sul], French soldier and
statesman, VI. 49.
D Este [des -ta]: see ESTE, VI. 739, 2 c.
DESTERRO, Nossa Senhorn do [nos -sa sa-nyo -
ra doo des-tair -roo], city of Brazil, VI. 49.
DESTOUCHES, Philippe Nericault [da-toosh],
French dramatist, VI. 49; I. 271, 2 a.
DESTUTT DE TRACY, Antoine Louis Claude [da-
sttit duh tra-se], count de Tracy, French phi
losopher, VI. 49. Alexandre Cesar Victor
Charles, marquis de Tracy, 50, 1 a. Sarah
Newton, marchioness de Tracy, 1 b.
De Thou : see THOU, Jacques Auguste de.
Detinue, in law, VII. 26, 1 b, 2 a.
DETMOLD [det -molt], city of Germany, VI. 50.
DETROIT , city of Michigan, VI. 50; view, 51.
Founder of, III. 621, 1 a.
DETROIT RIVER, VI. 53.
DEUOA LION, mythical king of Phthia, VI. 53.
DEUEL, county, VI. 54.
Deuterocanonical books of the Bible, I. 585, 2 a.
DEUTERON OMY, book of the Bible, VI. 54.
Deiitsch, Emanuel [doitsh], Jewish writer, IX.
568, 2 c; XV. 560, 2 c.
Deutschland [doitsh -lant] : see GERMANY.
DEUTZ [doits], town of Prussia, VI. 54.
DEUX POXTS [duh po ng ] : see ZWEIBEUCKEX.
DEV : see DEMOXOLOGY, V. 793, 2 b. Referred
to, VII. 63, 1 b (FAIRIES).
Dem [da -va], Hindoo word for god. IX. 223,
2 ab. Buddhist Devas, V. 793, 1 a.
Deva, or Deva Castra : see CHESTER, IV. 388, 1 b.
Deva Agung, deified hero, II. 241, 1 b.
Devadasee, dancing girl of India, II. 404, 2 c.
DevaWs Bluff, county seat, XIIL 802, 2 c.
D&candga/ri [da-va-na -ga-re] : see SANSKRIT,
XIV. 612, 1 b. Devanagarl alphabet, IX.
217, 1 a.
Devastation, the [da-vas-ta-se-6 ng ], iron-clad war
ship, IX. 379, 2 a ; 382, 2 c.
Development, doctrine of : see EVOLUTIOX. Op
posed : see LOGIC, X. 583, 1 b ; also AGASSIZ,
I. 175, 1 a.
Development, in map drawing, XL 136, 1 b.
DEV EXTER, city of Holland, VI. 54. School
at, referred to, VIII. 263, 1 c; IX. 786, 2 b.
DE VERB , Maximilian Schele, American author,
VI. 54.
DEVEREUX [dev -e--roo] : see ESSEX, Earl of.
Probable origin of the name, VII, 18, 2 a.
Dem [da -ve], Hindoo goddess of smallpox, II.
605, 2 b.
Deviation, in marine insurance, IX. 317, 2 ab.
DEVIL, the, in Christian theology, VI. 54.
Devil l>ird: see YELLOW-HAMMER.
DEVIL FISH, VI. 55 (ill.). Fictitious monster,
56, 1 c. See GOOSE FISH, VIII. 109, 2 c;
OCTOPUS, XII. 577, 2 a.
DEVILLE, Charles Sainte - Claire [diih-veel],
French geologist, VI. 56 (died 1876). Henri
Etienne, chemist, 2 a. See DISSOCIATIOX.
DEVIL S ADVOCATE : see ADVOOATUS DIABOLI,
and III. 716, 2 b,
Devil s apron, sea weed, II. 78, 2 c.
DEVIL S BRIDGE, Switzerland, VI. 56 (ill.).
Devil s Canon, in California, VII. 785, 2 a.
Devil s darning-needle (dragon fly), VI. 239, 1 c.
Devil s Den: see YELLOWSTONE RIVER, XVI.
781, 1 c.
Devil s ditch, old Roman intrenchment, XII.
316, 2 ab.
Devil s dust (shoddy), VI. 65, 1 ab.
DeviVs dye (indigo), IX. 249, 2 c ; food for the
devil, VI. 339, 1 c.
Devil s fingers, fossil remains, II. 485, 1 be.
Devil s leaf, nettle, XII. 254, 2 c.
DEVIL S WALL, Roman remains, VI. 57.
Devilwood, American olive, XII. 618, 1 b.
Devil worshippers, of southern India, XI. 646,
2 be.
DEVISE, in law, VI. 57.
DEVIZES
DIAXA
261
DEVI ZES, borough of England, VI. 57.
Dev on : see DEVONSHIRE.
DEVO NIAN, the geologic age of fishes, VI. 57.
Its periods, 2 ab.
DEV ONPORT, borough of England, VI. 58 (ill.).
DEVONSHIRE, county of England, VI. 59.
DEVRIENT, Ludwig [dev -re-a ue ], German actor,
VI. 59. Karl August, 2 c. Philipp Eduard,
GO, 1 a. Gustav Emil, 1 ab.
DEW, VI. GO. Experiments of Dr. Wells, 2 c.
Attendant phenomena, 61, 1 c. Dew point,
62, 1 a ; complement of the, 1 c.
DEW, Thomas Roderick, American publicist,
VI. 62. His essay on " Slavery, 2 b.
DEWBERRY: see BRAMBLE, III. 207, 2 a (ill.).
DEWEES , William Potts, American physician,
VI. G2.
D EwES, Sir Symonds [dewz], English anti
quary, VI. 63.
DE WETTE, Will) elm Martin Leberecht [deh
vet -teh], German theologian, VI. 63. His
ethical principle, XI. 813, 2 ab.
DEW EY, Chester, American clergyman, VI. 63.
DEWEY, Orville, American clergyman, VI. 63.
DE WITT , two counties, VI. 64.
DE WITT, Jan, Dutch statesman, VI. 64. Cor
nelius, 2 c. Their murder, 65, 1 a.
Dew point, VI. 62, 1 a. Determination of the,
IX. 132, 1 b. Dew-point instruments, 2 b
and c. Complement of the, VI. 62, 1 c ; IX.
133, 2 be.
Dew-retting, of flax, VII. 264, 1 a.
DEWSBURY, town of England, VI. 65.
Dexip pus: see ATHENS, II. 57, 1 b.
DEXTER, Samuel, American statesman and ju
rist, VI. 65.
Dexter lase, in heraldry, VIII. 671, 2 a, c. Dex
ter chief, ib. (See plate.)
Dexter lode, X. 565, 1 b.
DEXTRINE [dex -trin], a condition of starch, VI.
65. See STARCH, XV. 319, 2 a. Its transfor
mation into glucose, VII. 141, 2 be.
Dextro-glacosc, XV. 440, 2 be.
Dextrotartaric acid, XV. 574, 2 c ; 575, 1 a, 2 a.
DEY [da], Algerine title, VI. 66.
DEYRA DOON [du -ra], valley of India, VI. 66.
Town, 1 c.
DEZFUL : see DESFFL.
Dharmacdstras [dar-ma-sas -tras], Sanskrit
books of laws, IX. 223, 1 a.
DHARWAR : see DARWAR.
DHAWALAGIRI [da-wa-la-ghe -re] : see HIMALA
YA MOUNTAINS, VIII. 732, 1 c.
DHOLE: see DOG, VI. 178, 1 ab ; 179, 1 a.
DJiundoo Punt: see NANA SAIIIB.
Dliyas, dancing women, II. 404, 2 b.
Di a, island, XII. 190, 2 c (NAXOS).
Diabase, in geology, XIV. 371, 1 a.
DIABE TES, disease, VI. 66. Diabetes insipidus,
67, 2 b.
Diad ochus, a surname of Proclus, XIV. 25, 2 c.
Dice us, Acheean general, I. 62, 2 c.
DIAQ OBAS OF MELOS, Greek philosopher, VI. 67.
DIAL, a horologe, VI. 68. Ancient sun dials,
1 a. Equinoctial dial, 2 a (ills.). Vertical
dial, 69, 2 c (ill., 70). Horizontal dial, 68,
2 a; horizontal and vertical, 70, 1 a (ill.).
Dial of Berets, 2 b (ill.).
Dials, for watches and clocks, preparation of,
IV. 706, 1 b.
DIAL YSIS, VI. 70. Illustration of, 71, 1 a.
Crystalloids and colloids, 1 c. Hoop dialyser,
2 b. Jar diffusion, ib. Diffusate, 72, 1 b.
Dialysis in the dry way, 73, 1 a. See III.
289, 2 c.
DlAMAGNETISM, VI. 73. See TYNDALL, XVI.
90, 2 c, 91, 2 b. Paramagnetism, VI. 73, 1 c.
DIAMANTINA [de-a-man-te -ua], city of Brazil,
VI. 73.
DIAMOND [dl -a-mund or di -mund], gem, VI.
73. Diamonds of Brazil, 74, la; of India,
1 ab ; of South Africa, 1 b ; of the United
States and Australia, 2 a. Varieties, il.
Valuation, 2 b. Cutting, 2 c. Celebrated
diamonds, 75, 1 c. Collecting diamonds, 76,
1 ab. Their practical uses, 1 c. Their for
mation, 2 a. The diamond first demonstra
ted to be pure carbon, I. 330, 2 a. Cause of
its brilliancy, X. 439, 2 c. Forms of, V. 538,
1 a ; 539, 1 c. California diamonds, XVI.
131, 2 c.
Diamond cement, IX. 427, 1 c.
DIAMOND DISTRICT, Brazil, VI. 77.
Diamond fields of Africa, I. 168, 1 b; II. 777,
1 a ; VI. 74, 1 b.
Diamond necklace scandal: see LAMOTTE-VA-
LOIS, ROHAN, and MARIE ANTOINETTE, XI.
163, 1 b. Allusion to, III. 549, 1 c.
Diamond Pitt, sobriquet, XIII. 551, 2 a.
Diamond powder, X. 160, 2 c.
Diam yl : see AMYL, I. 447, 2 b.
DIAN A, in mythology, VI. 77. Of Ephesus,
2 be ; statue of, il)., and 678, 1 c. Temple of,
at Ephesus, 678, la; in Tanris, 77, 2 b.
Diana, alchemical name of silver, XV. 47, 2 a.
DIANA OF POITIERS [pwa-tya], mistress of
Henry II., VI. 77. Rivalry between her
and the duchess d tampes, 78, 1 a; 743,
262
DIANA
DIDO
2 b. Persecution of the Protestants insti
gated by her, VIII. 654, 1 ab.
Diana Taurica, supposed site of her temple,
II. 232, 1 b.
Dia nium, supposed element, VI. 517, 2 a.
Dian tJms (botany), XIII. 530, 2 ab. D. bar-
batus, 531, 1 a (ill., 530). D. Chiuensis, 532,
1 a (ill., 531).
Diaper: see DAMASK, V. 655, 2 c.
DIAPHORET ICS, agents promoting perspiration,
VI. 78.
DIAPHRAGM, in anatomy, VI. 78 (ill.) ; I. 15,
1 b; XV. 720, 2 c.
Diaphragm, in a transit circle, XV. 843, 2 a.
Diapfi ysw, in bone, III. 60, 1 c.
Diapoph yses, in anatomy, XIII. 424, 2 c.
Diarbelc-Amid : see DIARBEKIR.
DIARBEKIR [de-ar-beh-keer J, town of Turkey,
VI. 70.
Diarbekr : see DIARBEKIE.
DIARRHCE A, VI. 79. Popular remedy, 80, 1 a.
DIAS, A. Goncalvez [de -ass], Brazilian poet,
VI. 80.
DIAS, Bartholomeu, Portuguese navigator, VI.
80. Referred to, VII. 604, 2 a.
Lias-pore, mineral, I. 366, 2 c.
DI ASTASE, VI. 80; III. 258, 2 a ; XIII. 575, 1 b.
DIATHER MANCY, VI. 80. Melloni s apparatus,
81, 1 b (ill.). Diathermancy of solids (table),
81, 2 b; of liquids, 82, la; of gases, 83,
1 a. Aqueous vapor, effect of its compara
tive athermancy, 2 b.
Diathcrmanous bodies : see DIATHERMANCY,
and X. 438, 1 be.
Diatli esis phlogis tica : see INFLAMMATION, IX.
275, 1 ab.
DIATOMA CE/E, minute plants, VI. 83 (ills.).
Di atoms, algre, I. 299, 1 a. See DIATOMACEJE.
Diaton ic scale, in music, I. 70, 1 b.
DIAZ, Miguel [de -ath], Aragonese explorer,
VI. 85.
Diaz, Ruy : see CID.
DIAZ DEL CASTILLO, Bernal [dail kas-te -lyo],
Spanish adventurer and chronicler, VI. 85.
DIAZ DE SOLIS, Juan : see SOLIS.
DIBDIX, Charles, English song writer and com
poser, VI. 85. Thomas, actor, author, and
composer, 86, 1 b. Thomas Frognall, bibli
ographer, i~b.
DIBRANCHIATES [di-brang -ke-ates], VI. 86 ;
XI. 723, 2 c.
Dicasts, IX. 721, 2 c. Dicasteries, XIII. 292, 1 c.
DICE, used in gaming, VI. 86.
DI CE, in mythology, VI. 86.
DICENTRA, genus of plants, VI. 86. D. cucul-
laria, 1 c (ill., 87). D. spectabilis, 87, 1 c
(ill.). Other species.
Diceras, genus of bivalves, IV. 237, 2 b.
Dichogamy [di-kog -a-me], in botany, XIII.
595, 1 c.
Diclwt omous system, in zoology, VII. 267, 2 a.
Dicliro ic microscope: see ABSORPTION, I. 38, 2 a.
Di cJiroism: see ABSORPTION, I. 38, 2 a; CRYS
TALLOGRAPHY, V. 539, 1 b.
Dicliroscope : see ABSORPTION, I. 38, 2 a.
DICK, Thomas, Scottish author, VI. 87.
DICKENS, Charles, English novelist, VI. 88.
His first visit to America, and his " Ameri
can Notes," 2 b.
DICKINS, John, American clergyman, VI. 90.
Asbury, clerk of the U. S. senate, 1 c.
DICKINSON, county, VI. 90.
DICKINSON, Anna Elizabeth, American lecturer
and author, VI. 90.
Dickinson, Charles, duel with Andrew Jack
son, IX. 487, 1 c, 2 a, b.
DICKINSON, John, American statesman, VI.
91 ; XIII. 674, 2 c (POLITICAL ECONOMY).
DICKINSON COLLEGE, Carlisle, Pa., VI. 91.
DICKSON, county, VI. 91.
DICKSON, Samuel Henry, American physician,
VI. 91.
Dicksonia arlorescens (botany), (ill.), VII. 151,
2b.
Dicotylcs [di-kot -e-leez], (zoology), XIII. 221,
1 b. D. torquatus, 2 a (ill.). D. labiatus, 2 c.
DICQUEMARE, Jacques Francois [deek-mar],
French naturalist and astronomer, VI. 92.
Dicranu ra (moths), XL 869, 2 c.
DICTATOR, a chief magistrate, VI. 92.
Dictator, the, iron-clad war ship, IX. 385, 1 be.
DICTIONARY, VI. 92. Earliest known, 2 c.
Greek lexicographers, 93, 1 a; Roman, 1 c;
modern, 2 b.
DICTYS OF CRETE, supposititious author, VI. 95.
Dicyan ogen, compound gas, V. 603, 1 c.
Didascaloc ophus, Deaf and Dumb Man s Tutor,
V. 643, 1 b.
Didel phidcB (zoology), XII. 651, 1 c.
Didelphis Virgin iana (zoology), XII. 651, 2 c
(ill., 652). Other species. Fossil didelphis
discovered, 652, 2 be.
DIDEROT, Denis [de-dro], French philosopher,
VI. 95.
DIDIUS SALVIFS JULIANUS, Marcus, Roman
emperor, VI. 96.
DIDO, Phoenician princess, VI. 96.
Dido (Astarte), XII. 118, 1 b.
DIDOT
DIKE
263
DIDOT [de-do], French family of printers, VI.
96. Firmin Didot s invention or revival of
the stereotype process, 97, 1 a: see PRINT-
IXG, XIII. 850, 1 c.
DIDRON, Adolphe Napol6on [de-dro" g ], French
archaeologist, VI. 97.
Didunculi noB (ornithology), XIII. 507, 1 c.
Didun culus strigeros tris (ornithology), XIII.
507, 1 c.
Didus ineptus (ornithology), VI. 175, 2 a (ill.).
Did yma, oracle of, XII. 660, 1 c.
DIDYM IUM, metal, VI. 97.
Didymo prium (desmidiese), VI. 43, 1 c (ill.,
D. Borreri).
DID YMUS, Alexandrian grammarian, VI. 97.
Didymus: see THOMAS, Saint.
Die, for coinage, XI. 619, 2 a; 620, 1 be. In
calico printing, III. 596, 1 b.
Did) [de-eV], African jackal, IX. 481, 2 be.
DIEBITSCII, Hans Karl Friedrich Anton [de -
bitch], Russian general, VI. 97.
DIEDENHOFEN [de -den-ho-fen], town of Lor
raine, VI. 97.
DIEFENBACH, Lorenz [de -fen-ba k h], German
philologist, VI. 98.
DIEFFENBACII, Johann Friedrich, German sur
geon, VI. 98.
Dielectric medium [di-e-lek -trik], VI. 503, 1 a;
509, 2 a.
Diely tra, false name for a plant, VI. 87, 2 be.
DIEPPE [de-ep J, seaport of France, VI. 98 (ill.).
Diervilla [di-er-vil -la], (botany), XVI. 536,
2 a. D. rosea or Japonica, 537, 1 a (ill., 536).
Other species.
Dierville [de-air-veel], French surgeon, XVI.
536, 2 b.
Dies [dl -eez], (Lat., day) : see, for dies canicula-
ris, DOG DAYS ; dies dominica, LORD S DAY, X.
625, 2 c ; dies Jovis, THURSDAY ; dies Luna?,
MONDAY ; dies Martis, TUESDAY ; dies sangui-
nis, BELLONA ; dies Saturni and dies sabbati,
SATURDAY ; dies Solis, SUNDAY ; dies Veneris,
FRIDAY. (Dies Mercurii, Wednesday.)
Dies Irce, reputed author of, VII. 427, 1 a.
DIESKAU, Ludwig August [deece -ko\v], Ger
man-French soldier, VI. 99.
DIEST [deest], town of Belgium, VI. 99.
DIESTERWEG, Frietlricli Adolf Wilhelm [deece -
ter-veg], German writer on education, VI. 99.
DIET, legislative assembly, VI. 99. Diet of the
German empire, 2 be; its divisions and pow
ers, 100, 1 a. Polish diet, 1 c. Hungarian,
2ab.
DIETEEIOI, Karl Friedrich "Wilhelm [de-ter-e -
tse], German statistician, VI. 100. Fried-
rich, orientalist, 2 c.
DIETET ICS, VI. 101. Influence of habit, cir
cumstances, and liking, 1 b, c. Varieties of
animal food, 2 a; mode of dressing, 2 c.
Fish, 102, 1 c. Milk, ib. Cheese and but
ter, 2 b. Farinaceous food, 2 c. Vegeta
bles, 103, 1 a.
Dietrich of Bern [Ger. dG -tri n h], XV. 693, 2 c.
Dietrichstein, Count Maurice [de -tri c h-stine],
III. 48, 1 be.
DIETZ, Fedor [deets], German painter, VI. 103.
DIEZ, Friedrich Christian [deets], German phi
lologist, VI. 103. (Died 1876.)
Differences, in heraldry, VIII. 673, 2 be.
Difference tones, in harmony, VIII. 469, 1 c.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS : see CALCULUS.
DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT : see LIGHT, X. 442, 2 b.
Diffraction spectrum, X. 444, 1 a.
Diffu sate, in dialysis, VI. 72, 1 b.
Diffusion! eter, Graham s, VII. 634, 2 a (ill.) ;
VIII. 165, 2 ab.
Diffusion of gases, VII. 633, 2 c.
DIGAMMA, iii the ancient Greek alphabet, VI.
103. Disuse of. I. 349, 1 b. Attempt to re
store, II. 541, 1 c. J2olian digamma referred
to, XVI. 239, 1 c.
DIGBY, county of Nova Scotia, VI. 103.
Digl>y, county seat, VI. 103, 2 c.
Digliy, Sir Everard, conspirator, VI. 103, 2 c;
V. 36, 1 b.
DIGBY, Sir Kenelm, English philosopher, VI.
103. Kenelm Henry, author, 104, 1 b.
Di gest (Pandects} : see CIVIL LAW, IV. 623, 2 a.
DIGESTION, VI. 104. Dr. Beaumont s experi
ments on Alexis St. Martin, 105, 2 b ; II.
430, 2 b-c. Organs and instruments of, I.
317, 2 b, ff.
DIGGES, Leonard [digz], English mathematician,
VI. 106. Thomas, 2 a.
Dighton rode, Rhode Island, XIV. 296, 2 ab.
Digitallne [dij -e-ta-lin], vegetable principle,
VI. 107, 1 a.
DIGITA LIS, genus of plants, VI. 106. D. pur-
purea, 2 a (ill.). Medicinal properties, 2 c, ff.
Poisoning by, 107, 1 a.
DIGITIGRADES [dij -o-te-grades], typical car-
nivora, VI. 107; IV. 10, 2 b.
DIGNE [deeny J, town of France, VI. 107.
Dihedral angles, I. 496, 1 c.
DIJON [de-zho ng ], town of France, VI. 107.
Cathedral of, 2 c (ill., 108).
DIKE, embankment, VI. 108. In geology, 109,
1 c.
264
DIKES
DION
Dikes or reefs, in gold mines, VIII. 76, 1 c.
Dilactic acid, X. 88, 1 a.
Dilami [de-la -me], Persian dynasty, XIII.
323, 1 c.
Dilatation, in heart disease, VIII. 563, 2 be ;
564, 1 b and c.
Diligence [Fr. de-le-zha ng s], French post coach,
IV. 724, 1 a.
DILKE, Charles Wentworth [dilk], English
journalist, VI. 109. Sir Charles Wentworth,
2 b. Sir Charles Wentworth (2d), author
and politician, 2 c.
DILL, plant, VI. 110 (ill.).
DILLE XIUS, Johann Jakob [Ger. dil-la -ne-oos],
German botanist, VI. 110.
Dille&k, species of algae, I. 299, 2 c.
DILLIXGEN [dil -ling-en], town of Bavaria, VI.
110.
DILLMANN, Christian Friedrich August [diF-
man], German orientalist, VI. 110.
DILLON, Peter, British navigator, VI. 110.
DILMAN [deel-man ], town of Persia, VI. 111.
DILUVIUM, in geology, VI. 111. Iceberg theory
of its origin, 112, 2 ab, 113, 2 a; glacial
theory, 113, 1 a; action of ice asserted in
both theories, 114, 1 b.
Dimachm [dim -a-ke], mounted troops in Alex
ander s army, I. 741, 2 a.
DIME, coin, VI. 114.
Dimidiation, in heraldry, VIII. 674, 1 a.
Diminue re Priscia ni ca put: see PEISCIAXUS,
XIV. 5, 2 c.
Dimitri [de-me -tre], Prussian pretenders: see
ALEXIS MIKIIAILOVITCH, I. 293, 2 c, and DE
METRIUS, V. 789, 2 ab.
Dim ity, supposed origin of the name, V. 656,
2c.
Dimor phism: see CHEMISTEY, IV. 368, 1 ab,
and CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, V. 540, 2 a.
Dimorphous bodies, XL 681, 2 c.
DIMSDALE, Thomas, English physician, VI. 114.
DINAGEPOOR [de-naj-poor ], town of Bengal,
VI. 114.
DINAN [de-na n? ], town of France, VI. 114 ;
view, 115.
Dinanderics [de-na ng -dre], wares, VI. 115, 1 b.
DIXANT [de-na ng ], town of Belgium, VI. 115.
DIXAPORE , town of Bengal, VI. 115.
DIX DORF, Wilhehn, German philologist, VI.
115. Ludwig, 2 b.
DIXG ELSTEDT, Franz, German poet and novel
ist, VI. 115.
DIXGO: see DOG, VI. 179, 1 be (ill.); II. 130,
Dinia : see DIGXE.
DIN KELSBUHL, town of Bavaria, VI. 115.
Dino, duchess o/[de -no], II. 662, 1 a,
Dinobryi na, class of animalcules, I. 515, 1 b.
Dinocerata, fossil animals, XI. 197, 2 c.
ZH w0cAam[di-nok ~a-reez], architect, I. iCC . 2 ]>.
Dinocrates [di-nok -ra-teez], Syracusan general,
I. 179, 2 a. Architect, 290, 2 b.
Dinon dadies, North American Indians, IX. 79,
2c.
DINOR NIS, extinct bird, VI. 115 ; I. 607, 1 a.
D. giganteus, VI. 116, 1 be (ill.), and other
species. D. elephantopus, 117, 1 a.
DIXOSAUEIAXS, fossil saurians, VI. 117.
Dinosaurs, footprints of, VII. 342, 1 b.
DINOTIIE EIUM, extinct pachyderm, VI. 117.
D. giganteum, 2 c (ill.), and other species.
Dinsmore, Indian agent : see JACKSON, IX. 488,
1 c.
DIXWID DIE. county, VI. 117.
DINWIDDIE, Robert, lieutenant governor of
Virginia, VI. 118.
Dinwiddie C. H., county seat, VI. 118, 1 a.
DI OCESE, in the Roman empire, VI. 118. In
the Christian church, 2 a.
DIOCLE TIAN, Roman emperor, VI. 118. Per
secution of the Christians, 119, 2 b. Era of
Diocletian, 2 be.
DIODATI, Domenico [de-o-da -te], Italian archae
ologist, VI. 119.
DIODATI, Giovanni, Swiss theologian, VI. 119.
DI ODOX : see SEA PORCUPINE, XIV. 738, 2 o.
D. pilosus, ib. (ill., 739), and other species.
Diodon
